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Guatemala DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA Consejo Nacional De Áreas Protegidas Documento Técnico No 2 V INFORME NACIONAL DE CUMPLIMIENTO A LOS ACUERDOS DEL CONVENIO SOBRE LA Gobierno de Guatemala DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas Documento Técnico No. 3-2014 DOCUMENTO ELABORADO POR EL CONSEJO NACIONAL DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS Revisión y Edición de texto: José Luis Echeverría Tello/ Director Oficina Técnica de Biodiversidad Juan M. Quiñónez Guzmán Mónica Barillas Rodas Jorge Jiménez Barrios Ana Silvia Morales Andrea Nájera / Proyecto NBSAP, PNUD Diseño de portada y contraportada Hiliana Núñez Fotografías de portada © Jorge Jiménez © Juan Quiñónez © Mónica Barillas Se sugiere citar el documento de la siguiente manera: CONAP. 2014. V INFORME NACIONAL DE CUMPLIMIENTO A LOS ACUERDOS DEL CONVENIO SOBRE LA DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA. Guatemala. Documento Técnico No. 3 - 2014. Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas -CONAP- 5a. Avenida, 6-06 Zona 1, Edificio IPM, 5to., 6to., y 7mo. Niveles, Guatemala, C.A. PBX: +(502) 2422-6700 FAX: +(502) 2253-4141 V Informe Nacional de Cumplimiento a los Acuerdos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica conap.gob.gt chmguatemala.gob.gt (portal especializado en diversidad biológica) bchguatemala.gob.gt (portal especializado en seguridad de la biotecnología) Esta publicación se realiza de acuerdo al Normativo de Propiedad Intelectual del CONAP, aprobado por el Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas con fecha 28 de agosto de 2013. Diseño e impresión: 3a. avenida 14-62, zona 1 PBX: (502) 2245-8888 www.serviprensa.com Portada: Maite Sánchez Diagramación: Elizabeth González Revisión textos: Jaime Bran Este libro fue impreso en abril de 2015. La edición consta de 800 ejemplares en papel couché mate 80 gramos. V Informe Nacional de Cumplimiento a los Acuerdos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica Nos gustaría reconocer al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (www.undp.org) y al Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial (www.thegef.org) por su apoyo y contribución financiera a la publicación de esta edición a través del proyecto “Planificación Nacional sobre Biodiversidad para apoyar la implementación del Plan Estratégico de la Convención de Diversidad Biológica 2011-2020 (NBSAP) en Guatemala”. We would like to recognize The United Nations Development Programme (www. undp.org) and the Global Environment Facility (www.thegef.org) for their support and financial contribution in the publication of this edition through the project “National Biodiversity Planning to support the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Strategic Plan 2011-2020 (NBSAP) in Guatemala”. 3 V Informe Nacional de Cumplimiento a los Acuerdos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica 5 CONTENIDO SIGLAS Y ACRÓNIMOS 9 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO 12 PARTE I – ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ESTADO, LAS TENDENCIAS Y AMENAZAS PARA LA DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA Y LAS REPERCUSIONES PARA EL BIENESTAR HUMANO 12 PARTE II – ESTRATEGIA NACIONAL DE DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA Y PLAN DE ACCIÓN: SU APLICACIÓN E IMPLEMENTACIÓN 16 PARTE III – EL PROGRESO HACIA LAS METAS DE AICHI 17 V Informe Nacional de Cumplimiento a los Acuerdos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 20 PART I – UPDATE STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN WELFARE 20 PART II – NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN: APPLICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 23 PART III – THE PROGRESS IN AICHI TARGETS 25 PARTE I - ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ESTADO, LAS TENDENCIAS Y AMENAZAS PARA LA DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA Y LAS REPERCUSIONES PARA EL BIENESTAR HUMANO 27 Megadiversidad: nuevos reportes 27 La zona marino costera 28 Estudio nacional del ecosistema mangle 29 Estado actual del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas –SIGAP– 32 Megadiversidad cultural 35 Los recursos genéticos y el conocimiento tradicional 36 Amenazas a la diversidad biológica 37 Cambio de la cobertura forestal 37 El SIGAP y el cambio en la cobertura forestal 42 Deforestación y cambio de uso del suelo 42 Las especies exóticas 44 Incendios forestales 44 Cambio climático 45 Extracción y tráfico ilegal 46 Amenazas a los ecosistemas acuáticos 46 Debilidad Institucional e ingobernabilidad en el sector ambiental 47 Diversidad biológica y bienestar humano 48 7 8 Bienes que provee la diversidad biológica 48 Biodiversidad y finanzas 50 El Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica de Guatemala 57 PARTE II – ESTRATEGIA NACIONAL DE DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA Y PLAN DE ACCIÓN: SU APLICACIÓN E IMPLEMENTACIÓN 60 El nacimiento de una Política Nacional sobre Diversidad Biológica en Guatemala como paso clave en el proceso de actualización de la Estrategia Nacional de Diversidad Biológica 61 La Estrategia Nacional de Diversidad Biológica y su Plan de Acción 2012-2022 64 Las metas nacionales 2012-2022 66 PARTE III – EL PROGRESO HACIA LAS METAS DE AICHI 68 El progreso en Guatemala hacia la aplicación del Plan Estratégico para la Diversidad Biológica 2011-2020 y sus Metas de Aichi para la Diversidad Biológica 68 La contribución de las medidas para aplicar el CDB, hacia el logro de las metas 2015 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio en Guatemala 88 Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 1: Erradicar la pobreza extrema y el hambre 88 Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 7: Garantizar la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente 89 Lecciones aprendidas durante este período y expectativas a futuro 91 APÉNDICE I – INFORMACIÓN CONCERNIENTE A LA PARTE QUE INFORMA Y LA PREPARACIÓN DEL QUINTO INFORME NACIONAL 94 Información de la parte que informa 94 Proceso de preparación del quinto informe 94 APÉNDICE II – FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN 96 APÉNDICE III – APLICACIÓN NACIONAL DE LOS PROGRAMAS DE TRABAJO Y PLANES TEMÁTICOS DEL CONVENIO SOBRE LA DIVERSIDAD BIOLÓGICA O DECISIONES V Informe Nacional de Cumplimiento a los Acuerdos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica DE LA CONFERENCIA DE LAS PARTES RELACIONADAS CON LAS CUESTIONES INTERSECTORIALES 99 Síntesis de proyecto: “Democratización y Fortalecimiento de la Representatividad de Guatemala ante la Conferencia de las Partes 12, del Convenio de Diversidad Biológica: Proceso Participativo de Mesas Preparatorias hacia la COP-12 y capacitación en temas prioritarios para la implementación del Convenio de Diversidad Biológica en Guatemala” 99 Guatemala dentro del Grupo de Países Megadiversos Afines y conformación de comisión de seguimiento 101 ANEXO 105 SIGLAS Y ACRÓNIMOS ABS Access and Benefit-Sharing,Acceso y distribución de beneficios. ABS-CH ABS Clearing-House, Mecanismo de Intercambio de Información sobre ABS ALMG Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala AMSA Autoridad para el Manejo Sustentable de la Cuenca del Lago de Amatilán AMSCLAE Autoridad para el Manejo Sustentable del Lago de Atitlán y su Entorno ARCAS Asociación de Rescate y Conservación de Vida Silvestre BANGUAT Banco de Guatemala V Informe Nacional de Cumplimiento a los Acuerdos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica BCH Biosafety Clearing-House, Centro de Intercambio de Información sobre Seguridad de la Biotecnología BIOFIN Biodiversity Finance Initiative CDB Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica CHM Clearing-House Mechanism, Portal Nacional sobre Diversidad Biológica en Guatemala CECON Centro de Estudios Conservacionstas –USAC- CEPAL Comisión Económica para América Latina –Naciones Unidas– CI Conservación Internacional CIISB Centro de Intercambio de Información sobre Seguridad de la Biotecnología CITES Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres COCODE Consejo Comunitario de Desarrollo CODISRA Comisión Presidencial contra la Discriminación y el Racismo contra los Pueblos Indígenas en Guatemala CONAP Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas CONCYT Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CONVEMAR Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar 9 10 COP Conference of the Parties, Conferencia de los Estados Parte ENDB Estrategia Nacional de Diversidad Biológica FMAM Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial FONACON Fondo Nacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza FONACYT Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología FUNDAECO Fundación para el Ecodesarrollo y la Conservación GEF Global Environment Facility, Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial GEI Gases de Efecto Invernadero GPMA Grupo de Países Megadiversos Afines IARNA Instituto de Agricultura, Recursos Naturales y Ambiente –URL– ICTA Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Agrícolas IIA Instituto de Incidencia Ambiental INAB Instituto Nacional de Bosques INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística LMMC Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, Grupo de Países Megadiversos Afines MAGA Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentación MARN Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales V Informe Nacional de Cumplimiento a los Acuerdos del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica MICUDE Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes MINECO Ministerio de Economía MINEX Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores MOP Meeting of the Parties, Reunión de los Estados Parte de un Protocolo del CDB Msnm Metros sobre el nivel del mar ODM Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio OSACTT Órgano Subsidiario de Asesoramiento Científico, Técnico y Tecnológico OSPESCA Organización del sector pesquero y acuícola del Istmo Centroamericano OTECBIO Oficina Técnica de Biodiversidad OVM Organismo vivo modificado por vías de la Biotecnología Moderna PIB Producto Interno Bruto PINFOR Programa de Incentivos Forestales PINPEP Programa de Incentivos Forestales para poseedores de pequeñas extensiones de vocación forestal o agroforestal PNDB Política Nacional de Diversidad Biológica PNUD Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo PNUMA Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente PSA Pago
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