Berlin-Brandenburg Is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020

Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 www.emo-berlin.de Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO | www.emo-berlin.de eMO is an agency of the State of Berlin. It operates under the aegis of Berlin Partner for Business and Technology and does not possess its own legal identity. eMO’s partners are the State of Brandenburg and companies and institutions in the fields of business and science. Contents

1. Preamble ...... 5 2. Summary of the electromobility strategy ...... 6 3. Electromobility in Berlin-Brandenburg ...... 10 4. The framework for action in the capital region ...... 14 5. Legal framework ...... 17 6. Core fields, and fields of action ...... 18 6.1 Technologies, products, services ...... 19 6.1.1 Vehicle systems ...... 20 6.1.2 Energy and charging infrastructure ...... 22 6.2 Transport and mobility ...... 25 6.2.1 Passenger transportation ...... 26 6.2.2 Freight transportation ...... 28 6.3 Information and communications technology ...... 30 6.4 Trans-field subjects ...... 32 6.4.1 Education and research ...... 32 6.4.2 Business promotion and location strategies ...... 35 7. Coordination and communications ...... 37 7.1 Coordination ...... 38 7.2 Communications ...... 39 8. Outlook ...... 42

1. Preamble

The world as we know it today faces momentous challenges. In 2010, the year that the National Platform for Electric Mobility Population growth and worldwide urbanization mean that new (NPE) was launched, the Berlin State Senate decided to concen- mobility strategies and technologies are needed to effectively trate, structure, and market the region’s potential in this field by address climate change and the finite nature of fossil fuels. Electro- founding the Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO. Serving as the mobility can be key to facilitating this complex global process of primary point of contact for electromobility in the region, the eMO change while at the same time helping to spark new developments. builds targeted networks of key players in science, government, and business. To make the best possible use of the features and the potential found in individual locations, however, electromobility needs to be In early 2011, the eMO developed and released an initial strategic put into practice locally and regionally. framework called the “Action Plan for Electromobility Berlin 2020”.

The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region realized the importance of In April 2012, a joint application by the states of Berlin and Bran- this future-oriented field early on, and set milestones on the road denburg to a federal competition resulted in the region being to developing it. The international profile of this metropolitan named one of four showcases for electromobility. As the “Berlin- region, its cosmopolitan residents, its combination of sparsely Brandenburg International Showcase for Electromobility”, the populated countryside and highly populated capital city, and its capital region combines the location-based advantages of the two innovative entrepreneurial and scientific landscape offer ideal states to form a unique laboratory in which the study, develop- conditions for putting electromobility successfully into practice. In ment, and demonstration of alternative drive systems is both pro- so doing, the region’s activities are directed at strengthening its moted and lived. economy and improving its quality of life. Electromobility requires long-term dedication on the part of all in- Since 2009 the states of Berlin and Brandenburg have been con- volved. This Action Plan Electromobility 2020 lays an even stronger sistently promoting the visibility and acceptance of electromobility long-term foundation for the commitment to electromobility on in the Berlin-Potsdam model region. In connection with this pro- the part of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg as well as the gram, which is sponsored by the federal government, numerous region’s business and research communities and associations. As projects have been set into motion and the foundation laid for patrons of this Action Plan, we stand for this commitment not only developing electromobility in the region. by having helped to determine the necessary actions in the course of a dialogue-oriented process, but also by assuming shared re- sponsibility for carrying them out.

Governing Mayor Minister President President of the Confederation President of the of Berlin of Brandenburg of Employers’ and Business Asso- Technical University of Berlin ciations of Berlin and Brandenburg Klaus Wowereit Dr. Dietmar Woidke Dr. Udo Niehage Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Steinbach

5 2. Summary of the electromobility strategy

The metropolis of Berlin and the surrounding state of Brandenburg This Action Plan is a further developed version of the initial strategy form the German capital region. Together they are already setting paper of 2011. It covers the region’s developmental focuses and national standards in electromobility. The respective strengths and mobility requirements, and pursues the overarching and network- locational advantages of the two states represent a unique real-life oriented approach of the showcase application. The Action Plan is laboratory for exploring and experiencing electromobility, within also based firmly on the policy objectives of the federal govern- the context of further enhancing the region’s economic development and the states of Berlin and Brandenburg. Because elec- ment and quality of life. For several years now the two states have tromobility offers an integrative approach to meeting economic, joined forces in a successful innovation strategy known as “innoBB” transport, and societal challenges, it also supports already exist- that has provided key stimuli for the development of electromobility ing strategies such as the “City Industrial Master Plan 2010 – 2020” in the capital region. and the “City Traffic Development Plan” of the state of Berlin, the “Pro-Industry Action Plan” and the “Energy Strategy 2030” of the The Berlin-Brandenburg region offers manufacturers in the automo- state of Brandenburg, and the “Joint Innovation Strategy Berlin tive sector a place to engage in joint projects, and is thus a neutral Brandenburg” (innoBB). testing ground for innovative mobility and application strategies. These strategies can be tested for different target groups and de- This electromobility strategy covers all variants of electric vehicles mands in the different districts of Berlin, for example, which have that can be charged externally (plug-in hybrids, range extenders, distinct individual characters. As an energy export and transit state, pure battery electric vehicles). The infrastructure for hydrogen and Brandenburg completes the region’s symbiosis of electromobility fuel-cell vehicles is also being expanded. The strategy covers not only applications and renewable energy production. Crucially, close co- passenger cars but also the entire range of electric vehicles (rail, bus, operation between the two states at the interface of urban and lightweight and heavy-duty commercial vehicles, bicycles and three- open space means that future-oriented vehicle, energy, and trans- wheelers, boats and ships). port systems can be mutually integrated.

As the Berlin-Brandenburg International Showcase for Electromobility, the capital Renewable energy from Brandenburg enables CO2-neutral mobility. region is developing innovative mobility strategies.

6 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 The Berlin-Brandenburg region is a laboratory for electromobility Electromobility opens up established added-value chains not only where practical applications can be tested while at the same time in the vehicle sector. The use of renewable energy that is mainly being converted to sources of added value for industry. Strategies produced in Brandenburg, and the active role of electric vehicles that are successful here can be applied abroad. The aim for the year in intelligent power grids mean that electromobility has a sus- 2020 is therefore to become an internationally recognized model tainable foundation in the region. A need-based and innovative for electromobility. charging infrastructure in Berlin and Brandenburg makes an important contribution to data and network management as well as This aim will be achieved via a focus on two core objectives for to optimizing the availability of services. With the help of business regional electromobility: 1) increasing regional economic power interests, the requisite need-based infrastructure is undergoing by generating further added value and creating more jobs; and significant expansion in the region. 2) supporting the region’s transport, energy, climate, and environmental policy goals in order to improve the quality of the environ- The application-oriented core field of “Transport and mobility” ment and of life. These two core objectives form the basis for the uses electromobility to target the second core objective of improv- electromobility strategy’s guiding principle and structure. Measures ing the quality of the environment and of life. The general aim are being developed and put into practice across an entire range of here is to enable greater mobility with a lower transport volume fields, including education and research, development and produc- which at the same time is more environmentally friendly. As such, tion of vehicles and components, production and storage of “green” the field of action of “Passenger transportation” concentrates on energies, and the application of innovative mobility strategies. networking private vehicles and public transportation in intelligent ways (intermodality, multi-modality). New mobility strategies and Each of these two core objectives is the driving force behind one products that link traditional public transportation, individual “core field”, each of which in turn has been divided into “fields of forms of public transportation (such as e-carsharing and bike action” in order to better coordinate concrete measures. sharing), and private vehicles are being tested and refined in the region. In addition, two and three-wheeled electric vehicles are An overarching field of action, namely the “Legal framework”, freeing up public space for other uses that enhance the quality of comprises the legal and regulatory aspects of developing electro- urban life. mobility. It covers the regulation and standardization of technical components, as well as the development of strategic transport While freight transport is invaluable for the capital region’s ser- guidelines that will enable electromobility itself to develop. The vices and quality of life, it is also responsible for a large part of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg represent the region’s interests pollution in the area (such as noise, NO2, particulate matter). The on the federal and EU levels, and make use of regulatory opportu- field of action of “Freight transportation” therefore promotes nities for putting electromobility into practice. the electrification of commercial vehicles and the testing of viable logistics strategies that are both compatible with urban life The core field of “Technologies, products, services” targets the first and economically feasible. In particular, use of low-emission, quiet core objective of economic development by seeking to strengthen delivery vehicles and cargo bikes by messenger, express, and par- regional economic power. It is applied in the fields of action of cel services for the “last mile” of inner-city deliveries, namely to “Vehicle systems” and “Energy and charging infrastructure”. end customers and retail stores, offers great and locally effective potential for the region. As drive systems are becoming electrified and as the entire vehicu- lar architecture is being restructured, innovative fields of growth Another important field of action, namely “Information and com- and developmental potential are being generated for the capital munication technologies”, plays a connective role among the region. Targeted recruitment and networking of key players from areas described above by integrating the business development business, science, and government are creating attractive condi- opportunities with potential electromobility applications. Berlin is tions for new companies and institutions to settle in the region and especially attractive to young and creative individuals, who in turn for existing companies to expand. There is considerable potential promote the growth of both new and established ICT enterprises. in the region for further industrial added value and for new jobs, This growth can be supported by the development of information especially in the production of “micro-mobility” electric vehicles, of and data services that smoothly and seamlessly integrate private, electric commercial vehicles, and of components for automobiles. commercial, and public mobility services. Information and communication technologies work at the interfaces of energy production and supply, electric vehicles, and transport systems to consoli- date these areas into combined user services.

Summary of the electromobility strategy 7 The above core fields and fields of action are flanked by the trans- denburg. The Science and Development Park Adlershof, the European field subjects of “Education and research” and “Business pro- Energy Forum (EUREF), and the Cottbus Technology and Industrial motion and location strategies”, given their universal relevance. Park are examples of already existing sites where electromobility- related companies and facilities can settle. The interplay between There is a great need for research on all levels of added value for transparent settlement and site management and a property strate- electromobility systems. The capital region features renowned gy for specific user groups will enable additional high-value sites in educational and research facilities. Among other things, the pro- the capital region to arise, which will provide space for start-ups and ject work and intensive dialogue among these facilities make them established companies, and also support the growth of electromobil- highly relevant to electromobility. Berlin and Brandenburg are uti- ity activities in the region. lizing both academic and work / study models to create attractive educational and further training programs. Interdisciplinary quali- Regional electromobility activities are supported by the Berlin fication modules are being integrated into curricula at univer- Agency for Electromobility eMO in cooperation and consultation sities and vocational colleges, while occupational / professional with the relevant players. Commissioned by the Berlin Senate and categories are being further developed. on the behalf of the Senate Department for Economics, Technology and Research, the Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO works to- The capital region is also using targeted measures to develop the gether with the state of Brandenburg to publicize and market the trans-field subject of “Business promotion and location strate- expertise of the capital region on national and international levels. gies” in order to recruit and expand production and service compa- Moreover it coordinates existing projects, identifies innovative pro- nies as well as research institutions. Consulting services in this area ject approaches for the region and develops them together with are offered by Berlin Partner for Business and Technology in Berlin, partners into technology and demonstration projects. and by the Brandenburg Economic Development Board (ZAB) in Bran-

8 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 2019 2020 Mass-market phase Market ramp-up phase 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Expanding international cooperation Using marketing campaigns to make electromobility visible in the region. Target group-oriented communications are always carried out jointly by the eMO and regional electromobility players. International marketing of in government, location-based expertise business, and science in close cooperation with players from the capital region. Electromobility campaigns 2013 Pre-market phase Figure: Overview of priority actions until 2020 Need-based networking of electromobility players to increase business investment and industrial added value, and to create additional jobs in the capital region. Identifying project approaches and developing them together with players from business, science, and research into technology demonstration projects with account (e.g. the EU’s „Horizon 2020“ framework program for research and innovation). taken of(inter)national funding programs Researching, developing, and demonstrating alternative ofdrive systems as part the “Berlin-Brandenburg Inter- national Showcase for Electromobility”. services for electromobility-related companies and institutes regarding settlement,Consulting relocation, expansion, site-securing, and site-supervision projects. Laying the foundations for economic development via electromobility Laying the foundations for economic projects Developing and initiating transfer collaborative for Electromobility Showcase businesses and promoting the regional economy Attracting Until

Summary of the electromobility strategy 9 3. Electromobility in Berlin-Brandenburg

New mobility strategies and renewable forms of energy – electro- Berlin-Brandenburg’s existing infrastructure for alternative drive sys- mobility is an ideal vehicle for bringing these two fields together. tems already makes it a pioneer in Germany. With a current total of Electromobility is therefore of great interest to government, science, over 400 publicly accessible charging points and four hydrogen fuel business, and society. stations, the capital region is setting national standards in electro- Berlin-Brandenburg has dedicated itself today to meeting the chal- mobility. It also seeks to be judged beyond the borders of Germany. lenges that will be facing metropolitan areas in the future. The region Its aim is to set European and worldwide standards as well. engages in targeted research, development, and testing of “urban technologies”. This is not surprising. Berlin has a long tradition of The region has additional unique features that make it especially innovation in transportation policy. Long a “prime mover” for new favorable for electromobility. mobility strategies in the past, it continues to be one today.

Locational advantage Significance for electromobility

Capital of the Federal Republic of Germany With Berlin as the capital of Germany and the seat of the federal government, the region has a high international profile and draws considerable public attention. Media from the entire world are represented here.

Renewable types of energy from Brandenburg Electromobility can only be friendly to the climate and the environment if its electricity derives from renewable types of energy. Considered a pioneer in this area, the state of Brandenburg provides a secure supply of green energy for electric vehicles. The production and the consumption of environmentally friendly energy can therefore complement each other in ideal ways. Close ties between the two states at the interface of urban and open space ensure the necessary integration of future-oriented vehicle, energy, and traffic systems.

Attractive to visitors Berlin is the third most popular urban travel destination in Europe, surpassed only by London and Paris, and is showing greater growth in the tourism sector than any other European metropolis. With around 36.5 million overnight stays a year for business (25 million in Berlin and 11.5 million in Branden- burg) the capital region is an international magnet for talented individuals and tourists from around the world.

Sustainable tourism Brandenburg is a veritable El Dorado for tourists interested in cycling and water sports. It offers an excellent and varied array of bicycle paths and waterways accessible to visitors. The region can build on this by developing electromobility solutions for cycling and water sports in the tourism sector.

International trend-setting city Berlin has a reputation for being multicultural and trend-setting. Art, mu- sic, and culture exert a strong attraction on young, educated, and creative individuals from around the world, who are very open to innovative technologies yet are also interested in issues, products, and trends related to sustainability.

10 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 Locational advantage Significance for electromobility

Cosmopolitan population The residents of the capital region are extremely open to environmentally friendly innovations. This openness promotes the acceptance of new, intermodal transportation strategies.

Urban transportation (intermodality) Berlin has a very low level of private car ownership compared to the average for Germany. This is due not least of all to its very extensive public transportation services.

Berlin city structure Each of Berlin’s districts has a distinct individual character and a critical mass of inhabitants. These districts offer good conditions for testing need-based and target group-oriented applications. A solid base of transportation, environmental, and socioeconomic structural data is available to generate robust estimates of potential and impact needed for demonstration projects of this type. The structure of the city with its historical roots consists of numerous districts with different characters. This enables need-based testing of electromobility applications.

Cooperation between Berlin and Brandenburg Brandenburg is an energy export and transit state, and can thus provide the other half of the capital region’s symbiosis of electromobility applications and renewable energy sources. By the year 2020, the state of Brandenburg is seeking to cover 100% of its power needs with renewable energies. Three times in a row now (2008, 2010, 2012) Brandenburg received the “Leitstern” award from the Renewable Energies Agency. Necessary conditions for a successful energy partnership between the two states are in place, for example in the area of grid management.

Neutral site for OEMs The capital region is not dominated by individual original equipment manufacturers (OEM) in the automotive sector, and can therefore offer an independent and neutral (non-competitive) space for developing and testing innovative mobility strategies. At the same time, the region is home to leading companies, well-known traditional enterprises, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the automotive sector and beyond.

Renowned educational and research landscape The renowned educational and research facilities in Berlin-Brandenburg are very active in the field of electromobility. Numerous university and non-university research and educational facilities in the region are already advancing electromobility in joint projects. The Technical University of Berlin alone has more than 20 professorships involved in its “Electromobility Research Network”. The BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg is pursuing cutting-edge research at the interface of renewable energies, electric grids, and electromobility.

Electromobility in Berlin-Brandenburg 11 Not least of all, these locational advantages led to the federal 30 core projects have been launched in the region since 2012, government’s sponsoring of the capital region as the “Berlin- forming a strong basis for putting the regional electromobility Brandenburg International Showcase for Electromobility”. Around strategy into place.

The federal government’s showcase program is a key step toward becoming a leading The state of Berlin consolidates regional potential via the Berlin Agency for Electro- suppliers and market for electromobility. mobility eMO, following guidelines from the Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Technology and Research. These showcase activities, however, should be understood as just one working on developing electromobility in Berlin-Brandenburg. part of an overall approach that is accelerating the expansion of elec- An additional 250 key players in the region possess the requisite tromobility in the region. Currently more than 100 projects are in pre- expertise to actively help shape the field in the future. paration or already underway in Berlin-Brandenburg. The capital region is thus one of the leading locations for electromobility in Europe. The task at hand is to utilize project work in Berlin and Branden- burg in a targeted manner, under the given conditions, and with Regional companies, institutes, and institutions are playing a cru- the respective locational advantages, also to identify and imple- cial role in advancing the content of electromobility in the capital ment project topics in conjunction with all players in the field. That region. According to an analysis by the eMO in 2013, more than 200 is the focus of this Action Plan. It describes the capital region’s key players from all segments of the value-adding chain are already strategic aims and scope of action up to the year 2020.

REINICKENDORF PANKOW

LICHTENBERG

SPANDAU

MITTE MARZAHN - HELLERSDORF

FRIEDRICHSHAIN - CHARLOTTENBURG - KREUZBERG WILMERSDORF

SCHÖNEBERG - TEMPELHOF

STEGLITZ - ZEHLENDORF NEUKÖLLN TREPTOW - KÖPENICK

Figure: Around 450 key electromobility players in Berlin and Brandenburg – shown here in Berlin (source: eMO / i-vector, January 2013)

12 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 UCKERMARK

PRIGNITZ

OSTPRIGNITZ- RUPPIN

BARNIM

OBERHAVEL

HAVELLAND MÄRKISCH- ODERLAND

BERLIN

Brandenburg an der Havel Frankfurt(Oder)

POTSDAM

ODER- SPREE POTSDAM- MITTELMARK

DAHME- SPREEWALD TELTOW-FLÄMING

Cottbus OBER- SPREEWALD- LAUSITZ SPREE- ELBE-ELSTER NEIßE

Figure: Around 450 key electromobility players in Berlin and Brandenburg – shown here in Brandenburg (source: eMO / i-vector, January 2013)

Electromobility in Berlin-Brandenburg 13 4. The framework for action in the capital region

Electromobility has economic potential. It also offers solutions to This aim is being pursued in three phases: challenges facing transport, the environment, and society. How- Phase 1: Pre-market phase until 2014 with a focus on research ever, electromobility has to be implemented within an overall sys- and development as well as showcase projects tem. The greatest effect for the region can therefore only unfold Phase 2: Market ramp-up phase until 2017 with a focus on when electromobility objectives are integrated into existing policy establishing a market for vehicles and infrastructure strategies and can benefit from the associated synergies. More- Phase 3: Mass market starts with viable business models over, electromobility is being integrated as a promising solution until 2020 into relevant individual strategies and helping to put them into practice. In return, these strategies are utilizing and promoting Independent studies place the Federal Republic of Germany among electromobility on policy levels. the leaders worldwide in developing, producing, and applying alternative drive concepts. In May 2010 the federal government launched the National Plat- form for Electric Mobility (NPE) and thus clearly signaled its sup- The approach and aims of the federal government form the port for electromobility as part of its efforts to maintain Germany’s overarching framework for electromobility activities in the capital leading position in industry, science, and technology in the future. region. Nevertheless, these strategies are actually applied on the With a systematic, market-oriented, and technology-friendly regional level. In connection and dialogue with other relevant state approach, the federal government is seeking to make Germany strategies, electromobility can therefore expand its influence above both a leading market for electromobility and a provider of elec- and beyond individual fields. tromobility products and services, and thus a self-sustaining market in this area by the year 2020. The diagram below shows the major policy strategies of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg that have direct reciprocal effect on electromobility.

Berlin City Brandenburg Berlin Brandenburg Joint Berlin City “BerlinArbeit” Industrial Master Pro-Industry Energy Strategy Energy Innovation Strategy Traffic Labor Market Plan Plan 2010 – 2020 Action Plan 2020 Strategy 2030 Berlin-Brandenburg Development Plan

• Sustainable, • Modern, • Economical energy • Raising energy • Securing long-term • Berlin as capital • Using positive modern, clean environment- supply as a efficiency and international of sustainable economic industry as an oriented contribution to lowering competitiveness mobility developments engine for growth location climate protection consumption and utilizing for the labor and for industry • Increasing share synergies training market of renewable energy consumption

Aim for 2020

Action Plan 2011 Overarching aims of the region Showcase application 2012

• Berlin as a leading metro- Action Plan Electromobility 2020 • Berlin-Brandenburg as an polis for electromobility international showcase

Figure: Key policy strategies in the capital region

14 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 Berlin City Industrial Master Plan 2010 – 2020 energies, as well as targeted restructuring of the existing energy In June 2010 the Berlin Senate passed the Master Plan drawn up system. As for convergence, the aim is to integrate the infrastruc- within the industrial policy network. It emphasizes Berlin’s com- ture for electricity, gas, and heat to compensate for fluctuations in mitment to future-oriented, modern, and clean industry as a mo- wind and solar power. An additional focus is placed on promoting tive force behind expanding the regional economy. Improving the acceptance and participation by the population. framework conditions for attracting new production companies, closing gaps in the value-added chain, and broadening the base of skilled workers are three key aims that are also supported by putting the regional electromobility strategy into practice. The Master Plan seeks to enhance the transfer of expertise from research to industry, which is especially crucial for electromobility on account of its high interdisciplinary component.

Brandenburg Pro-Industry Action Plan The Brandenburg state government produced its “Pro-Industry” strategy paper in April 2012. With the help of this integrated industrial policy, the state is seeking to make a name for itself as a modern, environmentally oriented, and internationally competitive location for industry. Planned actions address not only future development trends that affect the structural strengths and weaknesses of industry in Brandenburg, but also factors that will influence the future viability and success of industrial development. Electromo- bility makes an integrative contribution to technological progress here by helping to develop resource and climate-friendly mobility Wind turbines in Brandenburg and by promoting innovation in the region via the networks it forges among business and science. Joint Innovation Strategy Berlin-Brandenburg The Joint Innovation Strategy (innoBB) was passed by the Berlin Sen- Berlin Energy Strategy 2020 ate and the Brandenburg state government in June 2011. It con- In May 2011 the Berlin Energy Strategy 2020 was released as an solidates the two states’ economic and technology policy activities orientational framework for the state’s long-term energy, envi- by forming clusters. Electromobility figures in both the Transport, ronmental, and climate protection policy. It represents a future- Mobility, and Logistics cluster and the Energy Technology cluster. oriented road map for providing a secure, economic, and socially Cluster work focuses on networking key players and on supporting responsible supply of energy to Berlin. It assigns a key role to climate the development and application of innovative technology in busi- protection. Under the motto “Efficient – Renewable – Viable”, the ness and science. As an integrated electromobility region, Berlin strategy shows the regional potential for reducing the consump- and Brandenburg are setting an example in the use of information tion of electricity, heat, and fuel in the region and for promoting and communications technology (ICT) to integrate vehicle, trans- renewable energies. Electromobility is a major force behind the port, and energy systems. development of energy-efficient technologies, and supports renewable energies as a visible example of climate-neutral mobility Berlin City Traffic Development Plan in Berlin. The City Traffic Development Plan (StEP Verkehr) passed by the Ber- lin Senate in March 2011 is a pioneering guideline for integrating Brandenburg Energy Strategy 2030 Berlin’s transportation policy with its urban development, environ- In February 2012 the Brandenburg state government formu- mental, energy, and economic policy. Electromobility is one part lated its Energy Strategy 2030 along with a catalogue of strategic of making Berlin a “capital of sustainable mobility” by the year measures. These address the challenges that the state faces in ex- 2040. Under the strategic principle of “clean, quiet, post-fossil”, panding its energy system, such as compulsory closure of energy electromobility is a key instrument for making transportation in production facilities, and network reliability issues. Strategic focus the capital compatible with both the environment and urban life. is therefore placed on systems integration, as well as on convergence. For systems integration, the emphasis is on adapting to e. g. need-based electricity production and derivation from renewable

The framework for action in the capital region 15 “BerlinArbeit” Labor Market Plan tested and also converted into added value for industry. Strategies The “BerlinArbeit” plan passed by the Berlin Senate in July 2012 that are successful here can be applied abroad. The progress made restructures labor market and vocational educational policy in the on the way to becoming an international reference region can be state of Berlin. It lays the foundation for a comprehensive policy measured and evaluated in consistent form. approach to combating unemployment. In addition to raising em- ployment levels in general, the main aim of “BerlinArbeit” is to This ambitious aim reflects both the claim and the two core objec- further develop the city into a top location with excellent skilled tives of electromobility in the region. workers. Electromobility is especially well placed to provide new stimuli to the regional labor market. New value-adding chains Electromobility defines a new value-adding chain, in which produc- require new types of expertise, which can be defined in concrete tion, energy, and service companies move into new technological educational and qualification programs, and which create new de- growth fields and can thus benefit from economic development op- velopment opportunities on the labor market. portunities. By approaching and networking business, science, and government, Berlin and Brandenburg are seeking to strengthen The aims of regional policy strategies should by no means be added value in production and utilize potential arising on the la- viewed in isolation. Electromobility is an integrative element that bor market. This first core objective promotes the development of supports and promotes individual aims in the region. At the same technologies, products, and associated services along the entire time, electromobility in the capital region benefits from targeted value-adding chain. implementation of the above strategies because it makes economic and societal change visible. Electromobility’s second core objective provides effective support for the region’s transportation, energy, climate, and environmental In light of the above, the aim of the Berlin-Brandenburg region for policy aims, and thereby helps to improve the quality of the envi- the year 2020 can be formulated as follows: ronment and of life. Electromobility offers new approaches and the possibility of innovative, sustainable, and space-saving strategies “Berlin-Brandenburg is an internationally recognized model for for passenger and freight transportation. Increased use of electric electromobility. The capital region makes consistent use of its lo- drive systems in these fields will help to lower pollution and noise cational advantages and its potential in order to develop its eco- levels for residents and visitors. nomy and to improve the quality of the environment and of life.” The guiding principle for action and the motivation behind the Berlin-Brandenburg is therefore integrating the key content of elec- region’s activities are thus clear. The capital region is making use tromobility, namely vehicle, transportation, and energy systems, in of the entire value-adding chain for electromobility, including edu- exemplary manner in order to set not only regional and national cation and research, development and production of components but also international standards with visible success. The region is and vehicles, production and storage of “green” energies, and the a laboratory for electromobility, where practical applications are application of innovative mobility strategies.

Development and pro- Development and duction of components production of vehicles Maintenance and repair Operation Education InformationInformations- undand Kommunikationstechnologie communications technology and and research mobility services Energy production Recycling Infrastructure and storage

Figure: Value-adding chain for electromobility

16 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 5. Legal framework

Legal and regulatory matters are of crucial importance for the to identify them as such, privileges cannot be legally anchored development of electromobility. One thing they do is define the and checked by traffic monitoring systems. Appropriate ways of framework that business can use to promote innovative devel- applying this to the Berlin-Brandenburg region then need to be opments. At the same time, socioeconomic analyses show that tested and implemented, for this can considerably encourage the norms and standards are essential for generating trust and accep- purchase and use of electric vehicles especially in the pre-market tance regarding the safety of new technologies. This applies to the and market ramp-up phases. regulation of components, and also to how the “electromobility system” is used on an everyday basis. State and local levels A key task for the Berlin-Brandenburg region consists of adequate- EU level ly conveying regional interests to higher levels (e. g. via relevant To promote innovation and enable dynamic market development, initiatives in the Bundesrat – Upper House of Parliament) in order standardization has to take actual operations into account and be to ensure the applicability and feasibility of the legal framework open to new technologies. However, technical standards need to on the regional level. The existing range of legal opportunities be defined in order to ensure the requisite compatibility between needs to be utilized. As electromobility expands, there will also different interfaces (between vehicles and grid infrastructure, for be a need to expand the existing legal conditions, and this need example). These standards also need to be applied on higher, in- has to be conveyed from the region to higher levels. For example, ternational, and / or European levels in order for electromobility to the experience accumulated from routine use of the charging in- operate across national borders and systems. frastructure and from its expansion will be able to influence and promote the development of norms and standards. Work that needs to be done on the European level includes: Districts and municipalities need to develop shared solutions that • laying the legal foundation for standard units and measure- take an overall approach to important legal framework matters, ments and for harmonizing systems (e. g. metering in vehicles or such as how the placement of charging infrastructure elements in infrastructure contexts) conforms with regulations on historic monument preservation.

• standardizing components of the charging infrastructure (such as plugs and user authentication interfaces) to create safe, convenient, and unrestricted access to charging points

• creating international standards for communications interfaces and protocols, in order to integrate electric vehicles into smart grids. This also applies to communications among energy providers / vehicles / customers, data transfer via electrical wiring and modules in vehicles, mobile end units, and ID cards.

• utilizing the already existing large number of norms in automotive engineering, information and communications technology, and electrical engineering for electromobility purposes, also and especially providing information about them to start-ups

• data-protection issues, especially in the area of billing and information processing

Federal level Planning and development needs on the federal level consist of drawing up strategic guidelines for transportation that allow electromobility to develop. An important foundation for this which still needs to be laid is the question of how electric vehicles can be clearly designated. Until there is an EU-compatible definition of especially low-polluting and energy-efficient vehicles and a way The “electromobility system” needs new norms and standards.

Legal framework 17 6. Core fields, and fields of action

This Action Plan presents the joint electromobility strategy for the The economy-oriented core field of “Technologies, products, services” states of Berlin and Brandenburg. Its core objectives are reflected is divided into the “Vehicle systems” and “Energy and charging in the core fields. infrastructure” fields of action. The application-oriented core field of “Transport and mobility” is divided into the “Passenger trans- Economic development, namely creating more added value and portation” and “Freight transportation” fields of action. The “In- jobs by means of electromobility (first core objective), is described formation and communication technologies” field of action plays a primarily in the core field of “Technologies, products, services”. connective role among the other fields by integrating business devel- Support for transportation, energy, and climate policy aims (the opment opportunities with potential electromobility applications. second core objective) is reflected primarily in the core field of “Transport and mobility”. These areas are supported by the trans-field subjects of “Educa- tion and research” and “Business promotion and location strate- These two core objectives assume more detailed and concrete gies”, which are relevant to the content of all the fields of action. shape in specific fields of action. Five fields of action have been defined to make it easier to work together and exchange informa- The Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO has primary responsibil- tion on activities and projects with related content, and to show ity for coordinating and communicating electromobility activities the main focuses of the electromobility strategy. These fields of in the region. It provides regional assistance on a need-oriented action are being developed within the existing legal framework, basis, in conjunction and consultation with key regional players making optimum use of the scope therein, and revealing areas from business, science, and government. where further and reasonable development is needed. The figure below shows the structure and primary content of the electromobility strategy.

Aim 2020 Aim

Berlin-Brandenburg is an internationally recognized model for electromobility

Supporting regional policy strategies Guidelines

Legal framework

Technologies, products, services Transport and mobility Core fields

Fields of Vehicle systems Passenger transportation action

Energy and charging infrastructure Freight transportation

Information and communications technology

Education and research Trans-field subjects Business promotion and location strategies

Coordination and communications

Figure: Structure of the electromobility strategy

18 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 6.1 Technologies, products, services

Electromobility is changing existing value-adding structures in To take the necessary steps here, all the groups involved – including the transportation and energy markets. Established value-adding the Berlin and Brandenburg administrative offices, the region’s ser- chains are breaking up and making room for innovations and new vice and production companies, and its research and educational technologies. Sectors like the automotive, energy, and telecom- facilities – need to show commitment and constructive coop- munications industries are opening up to each other and working eration. Joint efforts are the only way to implement the requisite together on mobility solutions. New players are entering the stage measures in targeted and effective ways. Berlin and Brandenburg’s and adding innovative new stimuli to the field. For the capital region, business and technology development agencies are supporting this dynamic development offers the chance to generate more e. g. transfer, collaborative, expansion, and business recruitment added value and create more jobs. In terms of content, the “Vehicle projects by providing promotional services and funding as well as systems”, “Energy and charging infrastructure”, and “Information consultancy and supervision. Ultimately an environment condu- and communications technology” fields of action are focused on cive to innovative companies and research institutes needs to be strengthening regional economic power. created that will encourage businesses to move to the area, expand, or start up, and to create and secure added value and jobs in the capital region.

Development and production of electric commercial and micro-vehicles offer new The University of Applied Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg pursues research at the value-adding potential for the capital region. interface of renewable energy and electromobility.

Core fields, and fields of action Technologies, products, services 19 6.1.1 Vehicle systems

The “Vehicle systems” field of action covers different types of ve- The process of “electrifying” vehicles is not just a matter of instal- hicles with electric drive systems. The relevant types range from ling new drivetrains. It also means making extensive adjustments electric bicycles and cars to high-powered commercial vehicles. to existing components and integrating new ones. They include pure battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids, and vehicles with fuel-cell drives. The “Vehicle systems” field of action therefore includes the following value-adding areas:

Electric Battery system Fuel cell system Power electronics drive system

Bodywork / Overall vehicle Maintenance lightweight concept and repair construction (architecture)

Figure: Value-adding areas in the “Vehicle systems” field of action

Berlin-Brandenburg is known for a high level of expertise in the creating jobs in the capital region. Important pioneering de- field of vehicle and systems integration, provided by leading en- monstration projects, such as inductive charging, are being gineering companies. The focus is on development services for supported and made visible in the region. systems components such as batteries and electric drivetrains. The region is also active in the lightweight commercial vehicle and • The market for electric vehicles that are energy-efficient, economi- special-purpose vehicle sectors, in particular with small and me- cally attractive, and tailored to specific customer demands will con- dium-sized enterprises (SME). Production of electric bicycles in the tinue to grow through the year 2020. Berlin-Brandenburg will also region is already revealing potential for industrial growth. benefit as a location that is not inherently dominated by OEMs:

The region has a solid basis to build on: More than 120 players o In particular, development and production of e-commercial in vehicle and systems integration, more than 60 in lightweight vehicles with a “purpose-design” approach offer new value- construction, and a similar number in drive systems are in a su- adding possibilities for the capital region as a logistics hub. perb position to make use of electromobility. This paves the way Strategies and ideas developed by regional research and de- for Berlin-Brandenburg, a region not dominated by individual velopment partners can be implemented, tested, and applied automobile manufacturers, to move into new market sectors locally for different target groups. Products that are successful linked with expanding development and production capacities. in Berlin-Brandenburg can also be marketed and exported internationally. In order to generate additional value via electric vehicles in the future, key areas of expertise need to be developed and expanded o Regional suppliers and service companies will also be in the above value-adding areas. Targeted measures are being strengthening their positions in the e-mini-car sector (urban taken to strengthen regional economic power on a long-term basis micro-mobility). Components for electric bicycles will become and to create new jobs. an especially significant part of the regional product portfolio.

• Industry and research institutes in Berlin-Brandenburg are o There is considerable potential for electric drive systems in working together on national projects, which are focusing on river vessels. This includes building local production capacities developing and testing innovative products and services for elec- and services connected with the operation of barges and pas- tric vehicles. Non-regional (large) companies are also thereby senger ships, and the production and rental of charter boats.

20 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 • The exponential build-up curve for electric vehicles on the mar- • Berlin and Brandenburg have strong entrepreneurial expertise ket is creating increased demand for energy storage systems. in the field of recycling and waste management. This can also Building on its strong scientific community, the region is focu- be used for electromobility. Effective environmental strategies sing its research efforts here on post-lithium-ion technologies in work like closed circuits in re-using key components like car bat- particular. At the same time, regional companies are developing teries. These will assume greater relevance and economic import novel types of expertise for the start of the mass-market phase, as the market ramps up. for example by designing cost-efficient processes for the production of energy storage systems. • To further expand regional expertise in vehicle engineering, greater effort is being put into exploring the potential for syn- • Services for the usage phase of electric vehicles offer further po- ergy with related sectors. Rail technology, an industrial pillar tential to attract companies and add value in the region. Electric of the area, offers especially high potential for joint interdisci- drivetrains and high-voltage systems mean that motor vehicle plinary projects. In addition, existing sector networks such as workshops need to adapt their services to do maintenance and the Network for Innovative Vehicle Concepts (NiF) are being used repair for electric vehicles. by players in the field to promote new approaches to electric vehicle systems.

Electromobility made in Berlin and Brandenburg Electromobility brings additional added value for industry to the region.

Core fields, and fields of action Vehicle systems 21 6.1.2 Energy and charging infrastructure

The federal government has initiated an “energy transition” to linked (smart markets). These types of electromobility-related user secure a high-performance, intelligent, environmentally friendly, and application strategies are being developed and implemented in and long-term viable energy supply that makes ever less use of the capital region. nuclear and fossil fuels. This requires figuring out how to integrate renewable energies into the grid, how to develop centralized • Developing comprehensive smart-grid strategies for using re- and decentralized storage strategies, and how to find innovative newable energies in proximity to their production represents a solutions for synchronizing energy demand and supply. Electro- large potential for the region. This will involve ways of metering mobility will make a significant contribution here by establishing and itemizing energy drawn, managing energy capacity and de- an intelligent charging infrastructure, because the field extends mand, and the role of electric vehicles in a smart grid. An im- beyond supply questions alone to incorporate intelligent exchange portant theoretical and applied basis for this is the two states’ with the energy grid. Electromobility will thus also assume an im- project of developing a future-oriented strategy for supplying portant role in stabilizing and managing grids. electricity and heat to the capital region. It will include supplying electric vehicles with renewable energy from Brandenburg.

• A major development opportunity for both Brandenburg and Berlin lies in using electromobility to establish districts and

communities that have zero or low levels of CO2 emissions. Joint projects and early project development in conjunction with property, real estate, and planning companies, property developers, and planners will anchor electromobility strategies ever more firmly in neighborhoods and in both commercial and residential construction projects.

• The volatile character of renewable energies presents grid operators and energy suppliers with the challenge of providing a reliable supply of energy at all times of the day and in all types of weather conditions. The focus here is on developing flexible storage strategies. When taken en masse, electric vehicles and mobile storage units present a significant complement to sta- tionary storage systems when it comes to stabilizing grids. The

Green energy for electromobility applications Berlin-Brandenburg region offers an ideal platform for testing and further developing bidirectional charging strategies, for example in evaluating charging cycles, testing battery life, costs, Energy technology and storage and reliability, and creating new business models. Energy technology and storage are of central importance to the development of electromobility in the region. They are what link • Surplus energy produced by wind-power systems in Branden- Berlin as a major energy consumer and Brandenburg as a large- burg can be stored as hydrogen in what are known as hybrid scale producer and supplier of renewable energies. Measures taken power stations. This renewable source of hydrogen can be used in this area lay the foundation for a “green” electromobility sys- directly in fuel-cell vehicles or fed into the existing natural gas tem. The use of regional and non-centrally produced energy is also grid. contributing in fundamental ways to public acceptance of electromobility. • Many private households especially in Brandenburg already have their own photovoltaic systems. Expanding existing systems and Intelligent distribution grids are a basic precondition for integrating constructing new facilities, combined with using the energy pro- electric vehicles into energy systems, both as consumers (drawing duced for electromobility purposes, has the potential to increase energy to charge batteries) and as providers (mobile storage capacity the use of electromobility in rural areas too and to significantly while vehicles are connected to the grid). In so doing, not only the expand the charging infrastructure for private use. Greater use networks and their corresponding information and communications will be made of bidirectional smart-home designs as well as of technologies are becoming intelligent (smart grids), but also the electric vehicles, especially in one or two-family homes. market partners involved are coming together and becoming inter-

22 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 • Constructively mediated stakeholder dialogues will be instru- Brandenburg, in order to create new mobility options and acquire mental in laying the foundation for linking the “energy tran- new customer groups. sition” with electromobility. This requires bringing together potential users and citizens, coordination centers, providers, A demand and need-based charging infrastructure is being in- municipalities, and communities to generate acceptance and to stalled predominately in the cities and their commuter belts be- establish new business models. Targeted events in the region cause these are the areas with the highest population densities. will help to clarify different viewpoints, make use of synergies, Intelligent strategies are being developed to integrate rural areas, and develop new strategies on a cooperative basis. which will have a positive effect on tourism involving electric vehicles. As a cooperation instead of domination-based location for the car-making industry, the capital region can position itself as a clear pioneer in testing and demonstrating strategies that are neutral with respect to competition. These are being developed with account taken of factors such as need development, multiple technologies, unrestricted access, and economic feasibility.

Berlin’s districts – and Brandenburg’s municipalities – have an important planning and design function to play in expanding the charging infrastructure. The capital region is meeting this challenge actively by taking targeted steps to promote and advance the expansion of charging infrastructure in both public and semi- public areas:

• As part of demand-oriented planning, a location strategy for charging points has been drawn up which supports multi-modality in the region. The charging infrastructure is undergoing further expansion on a continuous basis in accordance with need and demand.

The EUREF campus in Berlin demonstrates how vehicle, energy, and traffic systems • The innovative contract-award procedure that Berlin has put into are integrated. place for expanding and operating the charging infrastructure is exemplary. In intensive dialogue, the city and potential contrac- Charging infrastructure and hydrogen fuel stations tors have worked together to define the charging infrastructure Establishing and expanding a need-based, high-performance, and systems and interfaces. The public sector has taken a central role unrestricted charging infrastructure as part of the intelligent ener- in actively promoting harmonization of the charging infrastruc- gy grid in the Berlin-Brandenburg region follows a clear locational ture. By 2019, Berlin will be serving as a real-life laboratory for strategy. Hydrogen fuel stations are also being built. NPE analyses the operation and use of as many as 1,600 charging points. have shown that there is not much need for a Germany-wide public charging infrastructure during the market ramp-up stage ex- • A single central office has been set up to handle applications and tending until 2017. These analyses also show that over the short, government subsidies for the publicly accessible charging infra- medium, and long term, most charging operations will be done at structure. This will serve further expansion of the charging infra- residences or places of work (each making use of both lantern and structure in Berlin and Brandenburg in demand-based and coordi- garage parking), and this applies to Berlin and Brandenburg too. nated form.

However, experience from other countries and regions, such as • Rapid charging points with high direct and alternating current Norway, has shown that a well-developed, publicly accessible in- are being installed at suitable locations such as multi-power fuel frastructure of charging points and hydrogen fuel stations – par- stations, with due regard for safety and economic considerations. ticularly in the early market introduction stage – substantially helps reduce “range anxiety” and therefore promotes the use of • Bidirectional charging strategies, which optimize communica- electric vehicles. Both business and government are therefore tion between the vehicle, charging point, and energy grid, are encouraging rapid expansion of public infrastructure in Berlin- undergoing technical development and testing in the region.

Core fields, and fields of action Energy and charging infrastructure 23 Areas of study include how power grids behave under flexible • Demand-based expansion of a hydrogen fueling infrastructure is loads and whether vehicle batteries can be used for cache stor- advancing in step with increased use of fuel-cell vehicles. The re- age in managing and stabilizing local grids. gion is already very well positioned in this area. Due to its specific energy landscape and high level of regionally produced renew- • Inductive charging processes offer great potential for bidirectional able energies, Berlin-Brandenburg offers an ideal platform for charging and grid management, because vehicles when parked are developing viable business models for expanding and operating a always directly connected to the power grid. Relevant applications hydrogen fuel station infrastructure. are being tested in the e-carsharing and company fleet sector, and further developed to make them suitable for mass-market use.

Hydrogen fuel stations at TOTAL in Berlin and Brandenburg Publicly accessible charging points from RWE throughout Berlin

24 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 6.2 Transport and mobility

Electromobility is not just a matter of developing alternative Thanks to low-emission and quiet drive systems, electromobility ofdrive systems to the point where they are ready for the market. fers the chance to expand on conventional transport routines and It also means applying and integrating innovative transport stra- logistics strategies. By using electricity from renewable sources, it tegies. European Union member states have agreed to reduce CO2 can also offer mobility that is CO2-neutral. Berlin-Brandenburg’s emissions by 20 percent over 1990 levels by the year 2020. These international profile as a testing ground for innovations is mak- environment, climate, and energy policy goals, such as lowering ing the area even more attractive as an investment location and pollution levels and reducing vehicle dependency on fossil fuels, thus also a place to complete value-adding chains. This strongly can only be achieved with the help of significant input from the supports the region’s claim to serve as a reference for new techno- transport sector. Electromobility can play a key role here. logies that solve major societal challenges.

International cooperation with Vienna Intelligent integration of privately owned vehicles and public transportation

Core fields, and fields of action Transport and mobility 25 6.2.1 Passenger transportation

The “Passenger transportation” field of action comprises both pri- Electromobility has a key part to play in sustainable urban mobility. vately owned electric vehicles and municipal public transit systems. For passenger transportation, it can replace conventional drive systems, offer new means of transport, and make multi-modal The consequences of conventional vehicle use for the quality of options available. The aim is to enable greater mobility with fewer life in cities have long been clear – automobile traffic is associa- vehicles which are also more environmentally friendly. ted with pollution, noise, and a very high use of space not only for roads but also for e. g. parking. It is hardly possible to expand The trend from vehicle ownership to need-based use of transpor- the relevant infrastructure anymore in Berlin, and sustainable ur- tation systems has long been visible and livable in Berlin. The very ban development in this area can also only be done under certain well developed passenger transportation system both enables and conditions. expresses this development. The capital region thus possesses ideal conditions for further establishing electromobility solutions in At the same time, the need for individual mobility – which en- passenger transportation. Around half of all households in Berlin ables participation in social and economic life – may not be met do not have a car. New technology-related mobility strategies and at the cost of quality of life. Innovative and intermodal solutions products that enhance traditional public transit options, as well as are required that go beyond reactive expansion of existing infra- individual public options such as carsharing and bike sharing, are structures. therefore greeted with great openness and interest by the public. Use of two or three-wheeled electric vehicles will also help to save Electric vehicles are considered an integral element of future-ori- space, enabling it to be put to other city-friendly purposes. ented, livable, and environmentally friendly cities. Their strengths come fully into play here, for they are quieter and cleaner than In Brandenburg, innovative and intermodal integration of electric conventional combustion vehicles. While the capital region has a vehicles for commuting to work and schools as well as for leisure lower volume of rush-hour traffic compared to other metropolitan purposes can create new ways of ensuring mobility especially for regions in Germany, regular congestion causes considerable dis- rural and small-town areas. turbances. Intelligent mobility solutions are therefore being developed for inner-city traffic as well as for commuter traffic between The measures taken in this field of action are directed at increas- Berlin and the surrounding area of Brandenburg. ing the proportion of passenger transport via electric vehicles (especially cars, bicycles, and buses) over vehicles with conventional drive systems.

Two and three-wheeled electric vehicles save space Multi-modality is key to increasing the use of environmentally friendly vehicles

26 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 • Bicycles with electric pedal-assist functions, especially pedelecs, • Rental and carsharing models for electric cars and bicycles are are considerably extending user radii for stops and stations in being integrated at intelligent mobility stations to create inter- the passenger transportation system. Moreover, bicycles take modal hubs. An excellent example here would be Berlin’s “Süd- up much less space than cars when parked at places of work kreuz” long-distance rail station. or other stops. Marketable solutions using pedelecs for the work / school commute and for intermodal “bike & ride” systems • The state of Berlin will be converting up to ten percent of its own are being tested as individual, environmentally friendly, space- fleet and the fleets of subordinate agencies to alternative drive saving, and healthy means of transportation. systems – preferably electric.

• Shared trans-fleet business models are being developed for • Multi-modal digital maps reduce interface problems in trans- companies to use electric vehicles. The aim is to demonstrate portation systems for electromobility users. Strategies are being the reliability of these vehicles for everyday use and the viability developed for this area in Berlin-Brandenburg. of the corresponding business models, and to raise awareness of this among the public at large. • Fully electric buses are being tested on one route in Berlin. This bus line is also being operated with electricity from renewable • Electric vehicles are also being tested as a key part of e-carshar- sources. ing fleets that are not primarily station-bound. This approach also includes electric bicycles and the development of relevant • Electromobility is seeing ever greater use for water and bicycle- smartphone apps. The process is yielding knowledge about what related tourism in Brandenburg, such as in the Uckermark region, users require from various sharing options and intermodal mo- the Dahme lake area, and the Oder-Spree lake region. Sustain- bility services. able recreational mobility using alternative drive systems is being tested and put into practice together with technology, infrastructure, and service partners.

Core fields, and fields of action Passenger transportation 27 6.2.2 Freight transportation

By putting new technologies and strategies into action at an early point in time, the freight transportation and logistics sector is making a major contribution to establishing the capital region as a model for electromobility. The Berlin-Brandenburg region is pursuing two key aims in this field of action. One is to replace conventional drive systems with electric and hybrid drives in order to reduce local pollution levels. The other is to use electromobility in finding innovative ways to handle the traffic challenges facing a metropolitan area.

The tight profit margins typical of the freight transportation sector can both encourage and inhibit innovative developments. As such, the use of e. g. electric and hybrid drives can make companies more competitive in this market on a long-term basis. Exper- Electric cargo bikes used for inner-city deliveries tise in applying fuel-saving or fuel-replacing technologies can help counter volatile developments on the fuel market, and is steadily Freight transportation comprises the movement of goods by road, lowering the sector’s dependence on fossil fuels. rail, water, and air. Intelligent planning and guiding of these flows – i. e. logistics – to commercial entities and private households is not In many cases innovative approaches to logistics have developed only of great importance for the region’s economy in interna- directly out of joint projects between the capital region’s logistics tional competition. Intelligent, city-friendly logistics strategies also companies and scientific research institutes. Viable strategies are help maintain and even increase the population’s quality of life. being generated that fit in with both urban planning and transport planning. Freight transportation and logistics have to meet a wide range of demands in the capital region. Transport routes in the Berlin The volume and range of today’s freight transports would not have metropolitan area are relatively short and high-use, whereas dis- been possible without a combination of technological develop- tances per transport in the state of Brandenburg are longer. ments in vehicle engineering and innovative logistics strategies.

The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region lies on the major Euro- To meet the above-listed challenges for freight transportation pean transport axes of Paris – Warsaw – Moscow and Stockholm – in the future, new measures will be needed such as electrifying Prague – Vienna, or where central and eastern European growth commercial vehicles and testing them in both experimental and markets meet western Europe. The region also possesses a dense market-ready stages together with urban-friendly and economic- and very well developed infrastructure for all four means of trans- ally feasible logistics strategies. port (road, rail, river, air) as well as intermodal freight transport centers at the interfaces. The combination of a highly populated • Low-emission, quiet cargo vehicles and bikes for messenger, ex- metropolis and a sparsely populated surrounding area represents press, and parcel services are being tested in the city for “last a superb environment for global logistics players as well as small mile” deliveries, namely to end customers. Logistics service pro- and medium-sized logistics service providers when it comes to viders are deploying new market-ready small delivery vehicles implementing and testing innovative e-logistics strategies. The to make their work in highly dense urban areas more flexible, high range and density of use in this sector in Berlin means a sustainable, and cost effective. high degree of competition. This in turn means that there is both greater potential and need for action in e. g. freight transportation • Electric vehicles offer a lot of potential especially for inner-city to end users. deliveries due to good planning conditions and defined driving profiles. Vehicles can be superbly deployed based on technical Freight transportation is responsible for a large part of local en- features and company requirements, taking targeted account vironmental pollution, such as noise, NO2, and particulate mat- of battery power, charging cycles, and existing charging infra- ter. Inner-city commercial transport plays an especially big role in structure. This potential is especially high for fleets run by mes- traffic congestion and jams. Low-emission vehicle drive systems, senger, express, and parcel services as well as for the supply of combined with innovations in logistics, are paving the way to new retail stores. technical and organizational solutions.

28 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 • Purely electrical delivery chains are being tested for intermodal electric motors powered by renewable energy, bike messengers rail and road transport. These are the first entirely “electrified” can transport heavier loads over greater distances. Greater use intermodal chains from manufacturer to end customer. of electric cargo bikes for inner-city deliveries can replace a large number of car messengers, particularly in a metropolitan area • For waste disposal, hybrid trucks with electric waste collection like Berlin. This reduces emissions and frees up space. mechanisms are being tested in both rural and urban areas. • Strategies for using electricity in river transport are being devel- • Low-noise electric drives mean that deliveries can be made at oped and tested at port and city terminals. River vessels carry earlier and later hours without causing disturbances in residen- high volumes of freight, and have lower fuel consumption levels tial or mixed residential / commercial areas. Multi-shift deliv- than all other means of transport. This energy-efficient and en- eries can be made to shops. Exchangeable batteries enable trucks vironmentally friendly option should therefore be used as much with electric drives to operate on three shifts, which means they as possible for transport. There is a lot of potential in develop- can be used economically with minimal down times. ing relevant low-emission drive systems in this field, such as fuel-cell drives. • Micro-mobility in the form of electric cargo bikes that can carry loads of over 100 kilos allow rapid deliveries. With the help of

Waste disposal via hybrid trucks in Berlin and Brandenburg Low-emission and low-noise commercial vehicles substantially reduce pollution levels.

Core fields, and fields of action Freight transportation 29 6.3 Information and communications technology

Electromobility faces the challenge of integrating different vehicle, The Berlin metropolitan area is especially attractive to young and transport, and energy systems that have arisen independently of creative workers. New ICT start-ups in the area and new branch each other. It will be possible to meet this challenge with the help offices of companies headquartered elsewhere are both ensuring of modern information and communications technology (ICT). ICT regional growth in the market for electromobility. controls all the important functions in electric vehicles and lays the foundations for efficient interplay with energy and transport sys- In order to support this growth in the ICT sector until and beyond tems. Data communications enable transport and energy systems the year 2020, the following measures are being taken: to be mutually optimized with respect to cost efficiency, environmental compatibility, and performance. Areas fueling advances in • Until the year 2015 ICT services will initially be developed that ICT include “smart cars” (intelligent vehicles with new ICT systems ensure e. g. efficient interfaces between commercial electro- architecture), “smart grids” (intelligent integration of electric ve- mobility services and private users. These will be provided and hicles with the energy supply system), and “smart traffic” (intel- tested in pilot applications. At the same time open platforms ligent traffic structures to increase efficiency, range, and safety). will be created that integrate multiple mobility services, intro- duce new providers of additional commercial or non-profit ser- The capital region is already an attractive location for information vices in uncomplicated ways, and ultimately generate synergies and communications technology and for the media and creative for adding value. sectors closely associated with it. The dynamic character of the ICT sector is especially evident in the lively regional and international • Commercial fleets are playing a key role in building up the elec- start-up scene. Excellent scientific and research resources com- tromobility market. To ensure smooth use of electric vehicles in bine with core areas of expertise such as “security and IT”, mobile fleets, professional software solutions are being developed that apps, and geo-information management. Berlin and Potsdam are enable reliable and convenient use of pool vehicles in combina- attractive locations for founders, investors, and researchers. tion with infrastructure solutions. Berlin-Brandenburg is using the large potential in fleets and the landscape of innovative ICT In the strategy portfolio of this Action Plan, information and com- companies to position itself as a pioneer in electric fleets. munications technology builds the bridge needed between value- adding activities on the one hand and traffic and user-specific ap- • In conjunction with measures to promote smaller e-vehicles plications on the other. At the same time, ICT is instrumental in more adapted to urban environments, new services for e-micro- advancing new electromobility-related business models, services, mobility are being developed. This especially means developing and products. This generates a situation in which ICT and electro- and adapting geodata-based, vehicle-specific components such mobility stimulate each other, and their value-adding potential is as range optimization via e. g. advanced navigation and telema- utilized in both areas. tics services.

ICT integrates vehicle, energy, and traffic systems. Berlin is an attractive location for start-ups and innovative companies.

30 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 • Smart grids that integrate electric vehicles intelligently with • Need-oriented charging, billing, and data management sys- energy supply offer value-adding potential for the region and tems run background processes that identify individual users promote the use of renewable sources of energy such as wind and ensure their access to the system. Billing can be done sim- and solar power. If necessary, electric power from car batteries ply, correctly, and reliably. How to regulate information and will be fed back into the grid (“vehicle to grid”) in the future data flow between the charging infrastructure and the energy to help stabilize energy demand and supply. Efficient communi- grid also needs to be defined. Berlin companies are a driving cation between the control system, the charging infrastructure, force in this field. and the electric vehicles assumes a key role here.

• The after-sales sector for electric vehicles is gaining ever more significance as electromobility penetrates the market to a greater degree. The new ICT architecture enables many functions to be modified in more flexible ways (vehicle behavior, range optimization, etc.). Individualized software is being developed to manage services on the move, and will become a major avenue for distinguishing the capital region.

Core fields, and fields of action Information and communications technology 31 6.4 Trans-field subjects

“Education and research” and “Business promotion and location strategies” are trans-field subjects whose content applies to all the core fields and fields of action.

6.4.1 Education and research

The “Education and research” trans-field subject covers occupa- • Current job outlines relevant to electromobility and the related tional and professional education and further training as well as courses of study are being further developed and adapted to networking among researchers at universities and non-university meet requirements in the field. institutions. • Over the short and medium terms, subject material is being Existing programs in occupational and professional education and compiled, qualification modules and curricula are being devel- further training are being expanded, and new programs are being oped, and networks of experts are being built up. developed to meet companies’ needs for skilled workers in electromobility. Young people are being shown promising career paths in • There is potential for post-graduate further education in elec- electromobility, and gaining confidence in this area during their tromobility at Berlin’s universities. Plans call for developing aca- schooling already. demic-level training modules for professionals and for setting up a post-graduate research training program. Berlin-Brandenburg has a high density of interdisciplinary research and educational facilities which represent an outstanding • Regional and national educational conferences are being held basis for developing electromobility. In addition, transdisciplinary in close cooperation with scientific institutes. Discussions of approaches are being developed as a result of networking univer- current training programs there are helping to develop targeted sities, businesses, and other education providers. occupational and professional qualification programs.

Professional and occupational education and further training • A significant element of further occupational training consists Superbly qualified skilled workers are the basis for companies’ eco- of how to handle high-voltage systems in hybrid and pure bat- nomic success, all the more so in areas related to electromobility. tery electric vehicles. This subject will be pursued in targeted By integrating educational qualification policies with industrial manner by setting up a training and demonstration center for policy aims in prompt and targeted ways, Berlin and Brandenburg high-voltage vehicle systems. are seeking to make the region an attractive location for skilled workers. Electromobility will benefit from this. • Educational and training programs for driving schools and fleet operators are being developed to provide established structures Educational and further training programs across the entire spec- for user training. trum of qualification levels are helping to train the skilled workers that companies need in the electromobility sector. This also cre- • Qualification modules are being used to structure the subject ates incentives to keep highly qualified personnel in the region. matter of education and further training in electro-technical trades and in energy engineering. These cover and explore the

The paramount aim here is to secure systems expertise in CO2-free production, installation, operation, and maintenance of infra- energy production, intelligent power grids, and electromobility. structure, as well as how electromobility can be integrated into Cooperation among professional and trade associations and Ber- smart grids. lin and Brandenburg’s universities and educational institutes is crucial if research projects and results are to flow into developing qualification modules on the one hand, and if internship modules are to be developed to prepare students and further train academ- ics and professionals on the other. Two notable examples here would be “systems services” and “production engineering”.

32 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 Systems Processes services

Infrastructure Production stations systems Operation E-car vehicle Production engineering Infrastructure Production grids processes

Services / Materials / commerce structures

Figure: Fields of action for qualification in electromobility, diagram from NPE AG6

Training the next generation of workers To develop and secure Berlin-Brandenburg as a location for re- • Contact between engineering students at Berlin and Branden- search and development, young people are being shown the po- burg colleges / universities and graduates working at regional tential in electromobility-relevant recognized trades and courses of companies is being promoted via final papers and theses as well technical study. All activities are being integrated into the strategic as doctoral programs and meetings as part of e. g. joint research reorientation of the Berlin State occupational and study guide. projects.

• Career guidance events are being held in conjunction with Berlin • An Internet platform for students and companies is being de- vocational schools (OSZ) and explicitly linked with internships veloped. Users can access networking opportunities especially and work / study semesters in the field of electromobility. with companies and colleges / universities (WDB Berlin further

The Electromobility Research Network at the TU Berlin is a leading university research Educational and further training programs are constantly being expanded in Berlin group. and Brandenburg.

Core fields, and fields of action Education and research 33 training database, matching tools, talent pool, joint project • The Website of the Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO con- platform). tains a centralized information service about relevant careers, occupational and professional educational and further training • Career centers at Berlin and Brandenburg colleges / universities programs, career opportunities, and educational and networ- are working more closely together to network companies and king activities in electromobility. graduates. • Planning and implementation of promotional activities for the • The talent pool operated by Berlin Partner for Business and next generation take explicit account of the potential of young Technology and the skilled worker portal in Brandenburg enable women (pupils, students, graduates) for careers in electromobility- trans-regional contact to qualified potential employees. Support related areas. Starting points include the annual Germany-wide is provided to companies seeking to become active in the region. “Girls’ Day” that recruits girls and women for technical / scientific careers, as well as specific programs and targeted integration of this group into educational and qualification projects.

Electromobility is creating new opportunities for highly qualified professionals in the Berlin and Brandenburg are coordinating qualification policies in targeted manner capital region. with the needs of industry.

34 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 6.4.2 Business promotion and location strategies

The trans-field subject of “Business promotion and location stra- • European Energy Forum (EUREF): campus where companies and tegies” focuses on building and maintaining value-adding work in institutes can develop, test, and produce applied solutions for Berlin-Brandenburg’s production and service sectors. The region’s all aspects of electromobility and renewable energy. existing instruments and industrial policy framework conditions are being used to recruit and expand businesses in the electromobility • Berlin TXL – The Urban Tech Republic: upon closure to air traffic, sector. The region’s competitiveness in this sector is enhanced by a Tegel will develop a dense network of institutions of higher edu- target-oriented business promotion strategy and a focus on key cen- cation, research facilities, and production companies and be- ters of expertise. come an “electromobility developer and production workshop”.

Berlin-Brandenburg offers attractive conditions to all players in the • The Cottbus Technology and Industrial Park and the start-up field of electromobility seeking to start up or add sites in the region. centers associated with the Brandenburg University of Applied This also applies to the many companies and research institutes al- Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg offer ideal conditions for com- ready present in the region who wish to intensify their activities in panies to locate or expand. They benefit from the university’s the field. high level of application-oriented expertise in the fields of me- chanical engineering, electrical engineering, energy systems, Promotional activities support the regional, national, and interna- and electromobility. tional profile and competitiveness of Berlin-Brandenburg as a future- oriented, modern, and clean metropolitan area with an established • The industry-friendly state of Brandenburg also offers modern and sustainable commitment to electromobility. and commercial and production space with excellent logistics at traditional automotive industry sites such as Ludwigsfelde, Production and service companies along the entire electromobility- Hennigsdorf, and Wildau. related value-adding chain can successfully position and further develop themselves, and thus also secure and create future-oriented Building on these already existing instruments and approaches, jobs. business promotion and location management for electromobility will be further developed to be more structured, transparent, and As the market for electromobility grows, the demand for suitable lo- success-oriented: cations to settle and expand will be rising until 2020. With its combination of rural and urban contexts, Berlin-Brandenburg is superbly • Berlin and Brandenburg form an economic region that competes positioned to offer space to these companies. Suitable instruments with other European metropolitan regions. To remain competi- are available to support the settlement of new companies and the tive in the future as well, the two states view themselves as growth of existing ones. The Business Location Center is an estab- partners in a joint venture and are combining their strengths to lished instrument at Berlin Partner for Business and Technology provide efficient business promotion and location management. that consolidates all important information relevant to Berlin- specific company growth. In Brandenburg this central task is per- • Targeted site management and marketing meet the needs of formed by the Brandenburg Economic Development Board (ZAB). production and service companies for high-quality locations that can be occupied at short notice. The focus is on develop- Berlin-Brandenburg already has a large number of attractive coming and actively communicating a comprehensive, user group- mercial and industrial parks of different sizes and with different spe- specific real estate strategy. This includes greater collaborative cialties that offer favorable places for start-ups, growth, and joint work on the part of the Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO, projects. Here follows an overview of major sites in the region for the Business Location Center, and the Brandenburg Economic companies active in electromobility. Development Board (ZAB). The resulting “one-stop” agency will make it easier for investors to access relevant information. Pro- • Science and Technology Park Adlershof: integrated science and filing and marketing of selected locations are done via release business location with future-oriented technologies along the and dissemination of various publications (brochures, flyers, In- entire value-adding chain. ternet, etc.).

• CleanTech Business Park Marzahn: large-scale industrial park • Founders and start-ups are key to increasing the level of added with production companies in the renewable energy and electro- value in the field of electromobility in Berlin-Brandenburg. They mobility fields. therefore receive special attention in the region’s business promotion and location strategy. Depending on demand, start-up

Core fields, and fields of action Business promotion and location strategies 35 centers will be offered that feature particular specializations • Berlin-Brandenburg is positioning itself as a neutral develop- and optimum infrastructure. ment and production site for new mobility strategies with a focus on e-micro-mobility, “last-mile” urban logistics, logistics • Berlin-Brandenburg is becoming an attractive location for small, strategies for rural areas, and innovative services in combination creative think tanks. Selected value-adding companies in the with electromobility drive technology. New and existing compa- region’s electromobility field are being approached about this nies will find a wide spectrum of starting points and extensive possibility, including subsidiaries of established vehicle makers potential for growth especially in these fields. and automotive suppliers.

Attractive business locations at the Science and Development Park Adlershof Tegel Airport will become “The Urban Tech Republic”.

36 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 7. Coordination and communications

The four showcase regions make regular joint presentations at trade fairs and events. The annual “Capital Conference on Electromobility” is the major electromobility event in the region.

An ambitious and sustainable electromobility strategy would not It addresses not only specialists in the field but also the public at be possible without targeted and compelling coordination and large. Using target group-oriented means, it showcases the skills, communications. innovative power, and technological expertise of providers at the Berlin-Brandenburg location. At the same time it promotes the “Coordination” means bringing transport, energy, and vehicle sys- positive association between electromobility and the capital tems together above and beyond individual measures. As such, it region as a pioneer in sustainable and integrated mobility pro- guides and monitors progress in putting the overall strategy into ducts and services. practice from the start. This includes effective and trans-field integration of projects, measures, and players. This control function These two tasks are assumed by the Berlin Agency for Electromobil- takes the form of both overall project management and index- ity eMO, which works closely together with the Berlin State Senate based measurement of success at the project level. Department for Economics, Technology and Research. As an agency of the state of Berlin, the eMO also works with regional players “Communications” means effectively marketing the capital re- from government, administration, business, and science. gion as a model for electromobility both in Germany and abroad.

Coordination and communications 37 7.1 Coordination

Program management and project development As the central specialized contact for electromobility in the region, international funding programs. One example here is the EU’s the eMO coordinates existing activities while also developing new “Horizon 2020” framework program for research and innovation. projects and programs. Its program management covers central planning and guidance for measures and projects in the Action Plan Monitoring and evaluation (multi-project management). The eMO links project partners, federal The region’s aim of becoming an internationally recognized model and state agencies, and key players from business and science. for electromobility will be measured by the extent to which the core objectives are achieved. In accordance with the approach outlined here, it has appointed a manager for each of the fields of action. As specialized part- To assess economic development, indices such as the number of ners for their respective fields, these managers are responsible for new companies or new jobs in the region will be compiled and both coordinating individual projects and initiating new projects. evaluated. Relevant data will also be collected to assess improve- As part of the project development process, they identify suitable ments in quality of life. strategies for the region and work together with relevant players to develop them further into technology and demonstration pro- The table below provides examples of relevant quantitative in- jects. Project development makes use of regional, national, and dices, along with the first level of detail.

Core objectives of electromobility in the capital Quantitative indices region Economic development: • Regional electromobility projects • Activities by national and international companies such as start-ups, new offices, and expansions in the region • Newly created and secured jobs • Assessment of the regional value-adding chain • Investment volume

Support for achieving transport, environment, climate, and • Lower pollution levels such as reduced CO2 emissions from energy policy aims: vehicle fleets, lower particulate, nitrogen dioxide, and noise emissions • Degree of electrification of passenger transportation • Modal split • Fuel mix

One qualitative result of successful promotional measures in the Schedules are being developed for the measures taken to put the capital region’s electromobility strategy consists of international strategy into practice, and progress will be evaluated at intervals in recognition. International demand for solutions that have been the form of status reports. successfully tested in the region is a sign of worldwide acknow- ledgement. International visibility will be achieved when the media, The eMO’s management committee will remain regularly informed press, and public cite the region as an internationally recognized of the progress in putting the Action Plan into practice. It will make model for electromobility, when specialist delegations from around any decisions regarding adjustments or modifications to the strat- the world desire to come see for themselves, and when the capital egy. Depending on the degree to which targets have been achieved region’s expertise is actively sought. each year leading up to 2020, it will initiate medium and long-term continuation beyond the time horizon of 2020. The Action Plan takes a long-term view of putting the electromobility strategy of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg into practice.

38 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 7.2 Communications

Uniform presentation

Aim Berlin-Brandenburg is an internationally recognized model for electromobility Customers Associations Research Target groups Public at large Tourists Companies Policy makers Media and users and networks community

Measures • Providing information, conveying benefits and advantages, generating acceptance and trust, making electromobility experienceable, generating demand, showing German innovative power and technological expertise • Expanding and intensifying joint international projects • Lokale, nationale und internationale Sichtbarkeit erhöhen • Raising local, national, and international profile

… against the background of climate protection, resource preservation, use of renewable energies, and modern urban and regional development.

Content Content priorities for the fields of action, projects, measures, and regional players

Classical advertising, Online marketing / Events Joint Instruments informational Press work Campaigns Internet and trade fairs international projects materials

Electromobility sites

Figure: Communications aims, instruments, and target groups

Not only the content of projects needs to be marketed in effective Uniform language and visual presentation for all the activities ways, but also the region’s problem-solving expertise and future- serve to raise public awareness and encourage rapid and positive oriented mobility strategies. The aim is to provide clear and com- associations between the field of electromobility and the location prehensible information on electromobility and to convey the inno- of Berlin-Brandenburg. vative power and the technological expertise of the capital region. The public is thereby shown how electromobility can meet challenges facing society such as climate change, diminishing resources, and the “energy transition” while promoting modern urban and regional development in the capital region. Communications are therefore key in reflecting the electromobility strategy’s core objectives and fields of action:

• sustainable rise in added value at companies and research facilities • securing and creating qualified jobs • improving quality of life for the population • promoting research and development of new technologies and services • training the next generation and attracting / keeping talented people

The task is to highlight the opportunities offered by the new mobility strategies and their positive implications for the population, in order to forge and strengthen acceptance and confidence regard- The benefits of electromobility are being communicated to specific user groups. ing these new technologies.

Coordination and communications 39 Communications for specific target groups Communications are directed at regional, national, and interna- Publicity measures such as campaigns and events directed at spe- tional audiences with the following target groups: public at large, cific target groups give everyone involved the chance to present customers and users, tourists, companies, associations and net- their project content and expertise in detail, as well as progress works, the research community, policy makers, and the media. and results. This is intended to expose people to electromobility They are always undertaken jointly by the eMO and all relevant in different areas of life, and to evoke positive emotions and regional electromobility players as well as the Capital City Market- generate acceptance for it. All actions taken are flanked by public ing department at Berlin Partner for Business and Technology in relations that actively involve journalists and the media. order to give this subject the highest possible profile in the capital region. “Electromobility sites” inform the public about sustainable mobility strategies, and let people test and experience new technologies for themselves. These sites are specific locations in the capital region that highlight electromobility “made in Berlin-Brandenburg”.

map section enlarged

Tegel

Eﬃzienzhaus Plus Central train station with Electromobility

6 Alexanderplatz BMW eLounge 3 1 RWE eMobility Lounge 8 Zoologischer Garten 4 Potsdamer Platz 9 EUREF campus Tempelhof 2 Südkreuz Adlershof

Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg Berlin Brandenburg Airport

Visitor Center SMART Capital Region in Cottbus

Figure: “Electromobility sites” in the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region

40 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 Joint international projects A high priority is placed on marketing the region’s expertise on Promising starting points for joint projects in electromobility are an international level. Joint international projects are being used arising from close contact with international metropolises such and further expanded as communications and publicity platforms. as Vienna, Amsterdam, Warsaw, Paris, and Beijing. Berlin’s sister This is being done in government, business, and research contexts cities are of particular relevance here for establishing additional in close cooperation with players from the capital region. Berlin- projects. The German capital region’s participation in interna- Brandenburg is concentrating here on: tional networks such as HyER (Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Electro- mobility in European Regions), POLIS (network of European cities • organizing exchanges on various topics with other cities and and regions for innovative transport solutions) and the Electric regions Vehicle Initiative offer excellent opportunities for both location • participating in relevant international networks marketing and developing new projects. The European Com- • joint projects with international organizations mission’s “Horizon 2020” framework program for research and • appearing at international events and trade fairs both in Ger- innovation assumes a special role in this context by further pro- many and abroad moting joint research and dissemination projects on an interna- • holding events for specialized international delegations from tional level. business, government, and science • identifying and implementing joint research, development, and demonstration projects with other regions on an international level • establishing and expanding joint scientific projects • supporting regional partners in efforts to internationalize

Amsterdam’s mayor Eberhard van der Laan with a Dutch delegation in Berlin. Berlin is one of the hosts of the 100% electric Formula E championship.

Coordination and communications 41 8. Outlook

This Action Plan describes a package of measures whose accumu- will be to exploit and intensify this lead with the help of economic lated results and knowledge will continue to resonate well beyond support. By that time electromobility will have become established the year 2020. Electromobility is neither a trend nor a zeitgeist in the capital region, which will have moved beyond the laboratory phenomenon, but rather an inevitable part of future reality. It is stage to serve as a model for other regions. not only a further development of automotive engineering, but also an integral component of everyday business and society Electromobility offers the chance to create jobs on a widespread in many areas of life. Electric vehicles not only enable climate- basis, especially given Berlin-Brandenburg’s need to catch up with friendly mobility. They also function as individual communication production levels in other regions. Specific trends and develop- centers, parts of social networks, and integrated elements of in- ments are expected to crystallize within electromobility by the year telligent energy grids. 2020, which need to be monitored and evaluated from regional perspectives. This process can be used to counteract disadvanta- Electromobility can no longer be ignored in the value-adding geous trends on the one hand while actively encouraging positive chains of the energy technology, automotive, communications, developments on the other. In effect it serves as a steering func- and transportation sectors. The field makes it necessary to think, tion that discerns the interests of various stakeholders and the plan, and act in a way that transcends traditional sector lines. Its public at large, and puts them into practice in relevant projects. holistic approach generates synergies that enable completely new business models and attract innovative market players. By the time the market penetration phase gets underway in 2020, the capital region will have taken a leading position in skills and The Berlin-Brandenburg region recognized the importance of this expertise with Berlin-Brandenburg recognized as an international field early on and provided key support for its development phases model for electromobility. In subsequent years this lead is to be right from the start. The work involved in promoting electromobil- maintained, consistently extended, and further utilized to enhance ity in the region will change as the field matures. After starting by economic development and increase the quality of the environ- networking the players and intensively communicating the asso- ment and life in the region. ciated opportunities for industry and society, the aim as of 2020

42 Berlin-Brandenburg is Going Electric Action Plan for Electromobility 2020 Publisher Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO Berlin Partner für Wirtschaft und Technologie GmbH Ludwig Erhard Haus | Fasanenstraße 85 | 10623 Berlin phone +49 30 46302-351 | [email protected]

On behalf of the Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Technology and Research, Berlin. This product was printed on FSC certified paper. eMO is an agency of the State of Berlin. It operates under the aegis of Berlin Partner for Business and Technology and does not possess its own legal identity. eMO’s partners are the State of Brandenburg and companies and institutions in the fields of business and science.

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Headline 43 Berlin Agency for Electromobility eMO Berlin Partner für Wirtschaft und Technologie GmbH Ludwig Erhard Haus | Fasanenstraße 85 | 10623 Berlin phone +49 30 46302-351 | [email protected] eMO is an agency of the State of Berlin. It operates under the aegis of Berlin Partner for Business and Technology and does not possess its own legal identity. eMO’s partners are the State of Brandenburg and companies and institutions in the fields of business and science.