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Ad Securitatem
AD SECURITATEM The best essays by students at the Baltic Defence College during 2017/18 Contents Foreword .............................................................................................................................................. 2 BEST ESSAYS OF THE JOINT COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COURSE ................... 3 Is the Operational Planning Process Immune to the Pitfalls of Group Decision- Making? MAJ Jeff Allen .................................................................................................................... 4 Can small powers have grand strategies? MAJ Vitalijus Anisimenko .............................. 17 Is the network theory the most suitable for understanding terrorist radicalisation? MAJ Deimantas Čyžius ................................................................................................................... 28 If NATO deterrence fails, can the Baltics use unconventional warfare to overcome Russian occupation? MAJ Michael D. Hoffman ...................................................................... 40 Is social network theory the most suitable for understanding terrorist radicalisation within Europe? MAJ Sean Navin.................................................................................................. 52 BEST ESSAY OF THE CIVIL SERVANTS COURSE (CSC) ..................................................... 64 What are the future prospects of the eFP in the Baltic region? Mr. Marko Brügel ......... 65 How can Latvia enhance its societal resilience to better counter Russian propaganda? -
Expander Flows, Geometric Embeddings and Graph Partitioning
Expander Flows, Geometric Embeddings and Graph Partitioning SANJEEV ARORA Princeton University SATISH RAO and UMESH VAZIRANI UC Berkeley We give a O(√log n)-approximation algorithm for the sparsest cut, edge expansion, balanced separator,andgraph conductance problems. This improves the O(log n)-approximation of Leighton and Rao (1988). We use a well-known semidefinite relaxation with triangle inequality constraints. Central to our analysis is a geometric theorem about projections of point sets in d, whose proof makes essential use of a phenomenon called measure concentration. We also describe an interesting and natural “approximate certificate” for a graph’s expansion, which involves embedding an n-node expander in it with appropriate dilation and congestion. We call this an expander flow. Categories and Subject Descriptors: F.2.2 [Theory of Computation]: Analysis of Algorithms and Problem Complexity; G.2.2 [Mathematics of Computing]: Discrete Mathematics and Graph Algorithms General Terms: Algorithms,Theory Additional Key Words and Phrases: Graph Partitioning,semidefinite programs,graph separa- tors,multicommodity flows,expansion,expanders 1. INTRODUCTION Partitioning a graph into two (or more) large pieces while minimizing the size of the “interface” between them is a fundamental combinatorial problem. Graph partitions or separators are central objects of study in the theory of Markov chains, geometric embeddings and are a natural algorithmic primitive in numerous settings, including clustering, divide and conquer approaches, PRAM emulation, VLSI layout, and packet routing in distributed networks. Since finding optimal separators is NP-hard, one is forced to settle for approximation algorithms (see Shmoys [1995]). Here we give new approximation algorithms for some of the important problems in this class. -
Capitolo 8 Gruppo.Pdf
Organizzazione Aziendale Capitolo 8, Gruppo: costruzione e dinamiche di Massimo Magni © EGEA S.p.A. Severino Salvemini (a cura di), Organizzazione Aziendale, 2017 Livello di analisi •Organizzazione •Relazioni tra individui •Individuo © EGEA S.p.A. Severino Salvemini (a cura di), Organizzazione Aziendale, 2017 Learning goal Evidenze dell’importanza del team Definizione Condizioni di utilizzo di un gruppo Tipi di gruppi Design e management di un gruppo efficace Soluzione delle patologie di gruppo © EGEA S.p.A. Severino Salvemini (a cura di), Organizzazione Aziendale, 2017 Gruppo: importanza del fenomeno 1985 --> il 20 per cento delle attività in un’organizzazione si svolge in team 2015 --> questa percentuale supera l’80 per cento PERCHÉ? ● Vantaggio cognitivo (mettere a fattor comune le conoscenze individuali) ● Vantaggio motivazionale © EGEA S.p.A. Severino Salvemini (a cura di), Organizzazione Aziendale, 2017 quando si usa il gruppo invece che l’individuo? • Problema complesso • Problema multidisciplinare • Problema con componente rilevante di creatività e innovazione • Problema che tocca una molteplicità di attori da coinvolgere • Quando le informazioni/competenze sono distribuite tra i membri del gruppo © EGEA S.p.A. Severino Salvemini (a cura di), Organizzazione Aziendale, 2017 Gruppo: definizione Insieme di tre o più individui che interagiscono e dipendono gli uni dagli altri per il raggiungimento di un obiettivo comune e che si riconoscono e sono riconosciuti come entità sociale unica. In altre parole: • I membri del gruppo condividono gli stessi obiettivi • Il gruppo sviluppa ruoli e relazioni interne • Il gruppo esiste quando gli individui riconoscono se stessi come membri e la sua esistenza è riconosciuta dall’esterno • Si basa sul processo di aggiustamento diretto e reciproco tra attori interdipendenti © EGEA S.p.A. -
Paradoxes Situations That Seems to Defy Intuition
Paradoxes Situations that seems to defy intuition PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Tue, 08 Jul 2014 07:26:17 UTC Contents Articles Introduction 1 Paradox 1 List of paradoxes 4 Paradoxical laughter 16 Decision theory 17 Abilene paradox 17 Chainstore paradox 19 Exchange paradox 22 Kavka's toxin puzzle 34 Necktie paradox 36 Economy 38 Allais paradox 38 Arrow's impossibility theorem 41 Bertrand paradox 52 Demographic-economic paradox 53 Dollar auction 56 Downs–Thomson paradox 57 Easterlin paradox 58 Ellsberg paradox 59 Green paradox 62 Icarus paradox 65 Jevons paradox 65 Leontief paradox 70 Lucas paradox 71 Metzler paradox 72 Paradox of thrift 73 Paradox of value 77 Productivity paradox 80 St. Petersburg paradox 85 Logic 92 All horses are the same color 92 Barbershop paradox 93 Carroll's paradox 96 Crocodile Dilemma 97 Drinker paradox 98 Infinite regress 101 Lottery paradox 102 Paradoxes of material implication 104 Raven paradox 107 Unexpected hanging paradox 119 What the Tortoise Said to Achilles 123 Mathematics 127 Accuracy paradox 127 Apportionment paradox 129 Banach–Tarski paradox 131 Berkson's paradox 139 Bertrand's box paradox 141 Bertrand paradox 146 Birthday problem 149 Borel–Kolmogorov paradox 163 Boy or Girl paradox 166 Burali-Forti paradox 172 Cantor's paradox 173 Coastline paradox 174 Cramer's paradox 178 Elevator paradox 179 False positive paradox 181 Gabriel's Horn 184 Galileo's paradox 187 Gambler's fallacy 188 Gödel's incompleteness theorems -
Quantum Computing : a Gentle Introduction / Eleanor Rieffel and Wolfgang Polak
QUANTUM COMPUTING A Gentle Introduction Eleanor Rieffel and Wolfgang Polak The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England ©2011 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email [email protected] This book was set in Syntax and Times Roman by Westchester Book Group. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rieffel, Eleanor, 1965– Quantum computing : a gentle introduction / Eleanor Rieffel and Wolfgang Polak. p. cm.—(Scientific and engineering computation) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-01506-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Quantum computers. 2. Quantum theory. I. Polak, Wolfgang, 1950– II. Title. QA76.889.R54 2011 004.1—dc22 2010022682 10987654321 Contents Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 I QUANTUM BUILDING BLOCKS 7 2 Single-Qubit Quantum Systems 9 2.1 The Quantum Mechanics of Photon Polarization 9 2.1.1 A Simple Experiment 10 2.1.2 A Quantum Explanation 11 2.2 Single Quantum Bits 13 2.3 Single-Qubit Measurement 16 2.4 A Quantum Key Distribution Protocol 18 2.5 The State Space of a Single-Qubit System 21 2.5.1 Relative Phases versus Global Phases 21 2.5.2 Geometric Views of the State Space of a Single Qubit 23 2.5.3 Comments on General Quantum State Spaces -
Building an Ethical Small Group (Chapter 9 of Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership) Craig E
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Faculty Publications - School of Business School of Business 2018 Building an Ethical Small Group (Chapter 9 of Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership) Craig E. Johnson George Fox University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/gfsb Part of the Business Commons, and the Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Craig E., "Building an Ethical Small Group (Chapter 9 of Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership)" (2018). Faculty Publications - School of Business. 94. https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/gfsb/94 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Business at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications - School of Business by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Building a11 Ethical Small Group Cooperation is the thorough conviction that nobody can get there unless everybody gets there. -AUTHOR VIRGINIA BURDEN TOWER Never underestimate a minority. -BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL WHAT'S AHEAD This chapter examines ethical leadership in the small-group context. To help create groups that brighten rather than darken the lives of participants, leaders must foster individual ethical accountability among group members, ensure ethical group interac tion, avoid moral pitfalls, and establish ethical relationships with -
Revisiting the Abilene Paradox: a Reflection on Group Dynamics ©Copyright by Robert (Bob) Lucas
Revisiting the Abilene Paradox: A Reflection on Group Dynamics ©copyright by Robert (Bob) Lucas In 1988, George Washington University professor Jerry Harvey wrote the book The Abilene Paradox. Today the book and a video based on it are still being used to train employees in all types of organizations. The strength of the message is why the book is still viable in today’s business market. It provides insights into, among other issues, why people make bad decisions, why group think often pushes us in the wrong direction, why conflict often erupts in groups and between two people and why organizations struggle to be competitive. The central theme in the Abilene Paradox is a story told by Harvey of a how he spent a hot July day with his family in Coleman Texas in the late 1950s. According to Harvey, the temperature was 104 degrees, the wind was blowing the Texas topsoil around, and their car was a non-air-conditioned 1958 Buick. As he and his wife, mother-in-law and father-in-law sat around on the back porch sipping cold lemonade, his father-in-law made the sudden announcement, “Let’s get in the car and go to Abilene and have dinner at the cafeteria.” Harvey’s internal reaction was not a receptive one, however, his wife and ultimately his mother-in-law agreed. Not wanting to be the only dissenting voice, he also reluctantly agreed. The four-hour, 106 mile roundtrip trip was a disaster with excruciating heat and dust and poor food quality at the cafeteria. -
Adwords in a Panorama
2020 IEEE 61st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS) AdWords in a Panorama Zhiyi Huang Qiankun Zhang Yuhao Zhang Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science The University of Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China Hong Kong, China Hong Kong, China [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Three decades ago, Karp, Vazirani, and Vazi- with unit bids and unit budgets. Fifteen years later, rani (STOC 1990) defined the online matching problem Mehta et al. [36] formally formulated it as the AdWords and gave an optimal (1-1/e)-competitive (about 0.632) problem. They introduced an optimal 1− 1 -competitive algorithm. Fifteen years later, Mehta, Saberi, Vazirani, e and Vazirani (FOCS 2005) introduced the first general- algorithm under the small-bid assumption: an adver- ization called AdWords driven by online advertising and tiser’s bid for any impression is much smaller than its obtained the optimal (1-1/e) competitive ratio in the special budget. case of small bids. It has been open ever since whether Subsequently, AdWords has been studied under there is an algorithm for general bids better than the stochastic assumptions. Goel and Mehta [16] showed 0.5-competitive greedy algorithm. This paper presents a 0.5016-competitive algorithm for AdWords, answering this that assuming a random arrival order of the impressions 1− 1 open question on the positive end. The algorithm builds on and small bids, a e competitive ratio can be achieved several ingredients, including a combination of the online using the greedy algorithm: allocate each impression primal dual framework and the configuration linear pro- to the advertiser who would make the largest payment. -
List of Paradoxes 1 List of Paradoxes
List of paradoxes 1 List of paradoxes This is a list of paradoxes, grouped thematically. The grouping is approximate: Paradoxes may fit into more than one category. Because of varying definitions of the term paradox, some of the following are not considered to be paradoxes by everyone. This list collects only those instances that have been termed paradox by at least one source and which have their own article. Although considered paradoxes, some of these are based on fallacious reasoning, or incomplete/faulty analysis. Logic • Barbershop paradox: The supposition that if one of two simultaneous assumptions leads to a contradiction, the other assumption is also disproved leads to paradoxical consequences. • What the Tortoise Said to Achilles "Whatever Logic is good enough to tell me is worth writing down...," also known as Carroll's paradox, not to be confused with the physical paradox of the same name. • Crocodile Dilemma: If a crocodile steals a child and promises its return if the father can correctly guess what the crocodile will do, how should the crocodile respond in the case that the father guesses that the child will not be returned? • Catch-22 (logic): In need of something which can only be had by not being in need of it. • Drinker paradox: In any pub there is a customer such that, if he or she drinks, everybody in the pub drinks. • Paradox of entailment: Inconsistent premises always make an argument valid. • Horse paradox: All horses are the same color. • Lottery paradox: There is one winning ticket in a large lottery. It is reasonable to believe of a particular lottery ticket that it is not the winning ticket, since the probability that it is the winner is so very small, but it is not reasonable to believe that no lottery ticket will win. -
David C. Parkes John A
David C. Parkes John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 33 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA www.eecs.harvard.edu/~parkes December 2020 Citizenship: USA and UK Date of Birth: July 20, 1973 Education University of Oxford Oxford, U.K. Engineering and Computing Science, M.Eng (first class), 1995 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Computer and Information Science, Ph.D., 2001 Advisor: Professor Lyle H. Ungar. Thesis: Iterative Combinatorial Auctions: Achieving Economic and Computational Efficiency Appointments George F. Colony Professor of Computer Science, 7/12-present Cambridge, MA Harvard University Co-Director, Data Science Initiative, 3/17-present Cambridge, MA Harvard University Area Dean for Computer Science, 7/13-6/17 Cambridge, MA Harvard University Harvard College Professor, 7/12-6/17 Cambridge, MA Harvard University Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science, 7/08-6/12 Cambridge, MA Harvard University John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Natural Sciences, 7/05-6/08 Cambridge, MA and Associate Professor of Computer Science Harvard University Assistant Professor of Computer Science, 7/01-6/05 Cambridge, MA Harvard University Lecturer of Operations and Information Management, Spring 2001 Philadelphia, PA The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Research Intern, Summer 2000 Hawthorne, NY IBM T.J.Watson Research Center Research Intern, Summer 1997 Palo Alto, CA Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 1 Other Appointments Member, 2019- Amsterdam, Netherlands Scientific Advisory Committee, CWI Member, 2019- Cambridge, MA Senior Common Room (SCR) of Lowell House Member, 2019- Berlin, Germany Scientific Advisory Board, Max Planck Inst. Human Dev. Co-chair, 9/17- Cambridge, MA FAS Data Science Masters Co-chair, 9/17- Cambridge, MA Harvard Business Analytics Certificate Program Co-director, 9/17- Cambridge, MA Laboratory for Innovation Science, Harvard University Affiliated Faculty, 4/14- Cambridge, MA Institute for Quantitative Social Science International Fellow, 4/14-12/18 Zurich, Switzerland Center Eng. -
Algorithmic Aspects of Connectivity, Allocation and Design Problems
ALGORITHMIC ASPECTS OF CONNECTIVITY, ALLOCATION AND DESIGN PROBLEMS A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Deeparnab Chakrabarty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Algorithms, Combinatorics, and Optimization College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology August 2008 ALGORITHMIC ASPECTS OF CONNECTIVITY, ALLOCATION AND DESIGN PROBLEMS Approved by: Professor Vijay V. Vazirani, Advisor Professor William Cook College of Computing School of Industrial Systems and Georgia Tech Engineering Georgia Tech Professor Robin Thomas Professor Adam Kalai School of Mathematics College of Computing Georgia Tech Georgia Tech Professor Prasad Tetali Date Approved: 15th May 2008 School of Mathematics Georgia Tech To those who probably will understand the least, but matter the most. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I thank my advisor, Vijay Vazirani, for his constant support, advice and help throughout these five years. I hope I have imbibed an of the infinite energy with which he does research. Thanks Vijay for everything! I thank Prasad Tetali for patiently listening to me ranting about my work and always advising me on how to proceed further. I will surely miss such an ideal sounding board. I thank Robin Thomas, William Cook and Adam Kalai for being on my committee. Thanks Robin for a careful reading of a paper of mine, Prof. Cook for being a careful reader of my thesis, and Adam for the chats and the margaritas! Many thanks to all the professors in Georgia Tech for their excellent lectures, both in and out of classes. The amount I have learnt in these five years is immeasurable. -
Approximation Algorithms Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Gmbh Vi Jay V
Approximation Algorithms Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Vi jay V. Vazirani Approximation Algorithms ~Springer Vi jay V. Vazirani Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing 801 Atlantic Avenue Atlanta, GA 30332-0280 USA [email protected] http://www. cc.gatech.edu/fac/Vijay. Vazirani Corrected Second Printing 2003 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vazirani, Vijay V. Approximation algorithms I Vi jay V. Vazirani. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-08469-0 ISBN 978-3-662-04565-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-04565-7 1. Computer algorithms. 2. Mathematical optimization. I. Title. QA76.g.A43 V39 2001 005-1-dc21 ACM Computing Classification (1998): F.1-2, G.l.2, G.l.6, G2-4 AMS Mathematics Classification (2000): 68-01; 68W05, 20, 25, 35,40; 68Q05-17, 25; 68R05, 10; 90-08; 90C05, 08, 10, 22, 27, 35, 46, 47, 59, 90; OSAOS; OSCOS, 12, 20, 38, 40, 45, 69, 70, 85, 90; 11H06; 15A03, 15, 18, 39,48 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.