DOCSLIB.ORG

Organization and Non- Functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of Children in the Philippines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Organization and Non- Functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of Children in the Philippines Understanding the Non- organization and Non- functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of Children in the Philippines MERLYNE M. PAUNLAGUI, Ph D Center for Strategic Planning and Policy Studies Child protection • addresses every child’s right not to be subjected to and complements other rights including the need to survive, develop and thrive (UNICEF 2004) • pertains to measures and structures to prevent and respond to abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence affecting children (UNICEF 2006) in all settings (Yacat 2010) For child protection to work • develop systems and mechanisms that provide meaningful protection for all children in the longer term as well as strengthening the capacity of a variety of actors to protect children • concerted efforts of individuals and groups that child protection can become effective and sustainable Response of the Philippine government • 1935 Constitution • 1987 • Republic Act 4881 • Created the Council for the Protection of Children in every city/municipality • Child and Youth Welfare Code • Created the CWC Laws • Barangay Council for the Protection of Children BCPC matters & must be functional • committee in charge of planning and implementing activities on child protection at the barangay level • Barangay is the basic political unit of the State serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the community Succeeding Activities • Development of Manual on organizing Local Council for the Protection of Children 2002 • Manuals on: – Orientation of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children – Training for BCPC Organizers – BCPC Membership and Leadership Development But . • Why are some LCPCs yet organized while others are fully functional? • What are the facilitating and limiting factors? General Objective • Examine the implementation and functionality of the Council for the Protection of Children, particularly at the barangay (village) level Specific Objectives • discuss the policies on the creation of the Local Council for the Protection of Children; • determine the functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of Children, with emphasis at the barangay level; • identify the factors affecting the functioning of the Councils; and • derive recommendations from the empirical results. Research Methods Secondary Data • Publications: CWC and DSWD • National Barangay Operations Office – Department of Interior and Local Government (NBOO-DILG) • City and Municipal Offices of DILG • C/M Social Welfare and Development Office Primary Data • KIs: Officers and C/M SWDO, DILG Officers, and selected members of Barangay Development Councils Legal and Policy Framework • Civil Code of the Philippines – concept of the creation of the council for the protection of children was introduced • Republic Act No. 4881, 1967 – An Act Creating the a Council for the Protection of Children in every City and Municipality of the Philippines • Presidential Decree (PD) 605 or the Child and Youth Code – Creation of the Council for the Welfare of Children – Encouraged the barangay councils to create a council for the protection of children Legal and Policy Framework • Republic Act No. 7610 (1992) – Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act • RA 8980 (2000) – Early Childhood Care and Development Act • Republic Act No. 9344 (2006) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act Legal and Policy . Child 21, National Plan of Action for Children (NPAC) – a strategic framework for planning programs and interventions that promote and safeguards the right of children – broad strokes to achieve the vision for the quality of life of Filipino children in 2025 • Goal for 2025: every Filipino child will exercise his/her rights to survival, protection, development and participation throughout the life cycle Institutions • Council for the Welfare of Children • Regional, Provincial, Municipal and Barangay Council for the Protection of Children • Inter-Agency Monitoring Task Force (IMTF), NBOO-DILG Institutions FUNCTIONALITY OF THE LCPC/BCPC DILG Memorandum Circular Number Title 94-14 Adoption of the Implementing Guidelines of Memorandum Order 39 and the Revised Guidelines on the Reorganization of Local Sub-Committees for the Welfare of Children 2002-121 Revised Guidelines on the organization and strengthening of the LCPC incorporating thereat ECCD Coordinating Committee at the provincial, city, municipal and barangay levels. 2004-52 Creation of a sub-committee of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) to be called as Sub-Committee on Bright Child (SCBC) in every barangay 2005-07 Guidelines in monitoring the functionality of the LCPC at all levels 2008-126 Revised Guidelines in monitoring the functionality of the LCPC at all levels Indicators of Functionality Indicator % Contribution to Total Organization 10 Meetings 10 Policies, Plans and Budgets 30 Accomplishments 50 Total 100 1. Organization • The LCPC, through a Sangguniang resolution/ordinance or Executive Administrative Order by the Local Chief Executive (LCE), must be organized at all LGU levels. Composition of the LCPC • Chair: Barangay Captain (BC) • Vice Chair : To be appointed by the BC • Secretary Can be appointed by the BC or elected by the Members Composition of the LCPC … • Members: – Youth Organization Chair – Day Care Worker – Barangay Health Worker – Barangay Nutrition Scholar – Public School Teacher – Chief of Barangay Police – NGO Representative – Children/Youth Representative – PO Representative – PTA President – Church-based Children Serving Group Representative – Other Organizations 2. Meetings • conduct a regular quarterly meetings and special meetings when necessary. • meetings shall be supported by minutes of meetings. 3. Policies, Plans and Budgets • executive issuances and legislative action through the LCPC resolutions • Establishment of a database for children which will form the basis in coming up with policies Plans • should be integrated in the LGU Development Plan. • Activities – updating of data base on children – preparation of annual work and financial plan – advocacy on the promotion of the rights of children – conduct of capability buildings – formulation of a Local Development Plan for Children, Local Investment Plan for Children, Local Code for Children and Local State of Children Report Plans . • Activities – assistance to children in need of special protection (CNSP) – monitoring of the enforcement of national and local laws – monitoring and assessment of the PPAs on children; health and nutrition programs – maternal and post natal care Plans . • Activities – construction/maintenance of community infrastructure; – provision of potable water supply – services and programs for children with special needs, interests and concerns – capability building for service providers. 4. Accomplishments • Documentation of accomplishments; • Accomplishments reflected in the LGU Annual Report; Accomplishments included in the State of Local Address (SOLA); and • Other Child 21 related activities initiated by the LCPC not reflected in the council plan. Levels of Functionality I-Basic 20% and below II-Progressive 21-50% III-Mature 51-79% IV-Ideal 80-100% LCPCs evaluated by level of LGU, 2009 & 2010 No. of No. of LCPC % of LCPC % In- LGUs Evaluated Evaluated crease (2009- 2009 2010 2009 2010 2010) Province 80 58 55 72.50 68.75 -5.45 Cities 122 98 119 80.33 97.54 21.43 Munici- 1397 1230 1206 88.05 86.33 -1.95 palities Barangays 39535 34644 35659 87.63 90.20 2.93 Excluding ARMM Level of functionality by LGU type, 2009- 2010 (in percent) Ideal Mature Progressive Basic 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 PCPC 62 62 24 27 12 5 2 5 CCPC 49 48 35 36 13 9 3 7 MCPC 28 23 39 47 19 17 13 12 BCPC 16 15 38 38 30 32 16 16 Total 16 15 38 38 30 31 16 16 Functional LCPC: 2009-2010 90 2009 2010 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PCPC CCPC MCPC BCPC Factors Limiting the Functionality of LCPC Province/Municipality • lack of support from the LCE and • changes in the composition of the Council every three years or after election Factors Affecting Functionality Barangay • overlapping community-based organizations and the corresponding duties and responsibilities • limited capacity of barangay officials and staff; and • conduct of orientation to strengthen BCPCs is still incomplete. Lack of support from LGE • By law, 1 percent of the total budget coming from the Internal Revenue Allocation (IRA) should be devoted to LCPC activities – At the municipal level, budget is always limited; thus activities for LCPC reorganization are not completely implemented Lack of support from LGE . – None of the barangays visited had allocation for LCPC – In one barangay, expenditures for LCPC activities are taken from the Gender and Development Fund Changes in the Composition of the LCPC • election of a new mayor means a reorganization of the LCPC which may take four months to organize – reorientation of the duties and responsibilities of all the committees – longer delay for the BCPC to restructure Overlapping Functions/ Too many committees to • At the barangay level, there are seven sub- committees with each subcommittee has two to three councils Barangay Council Barangay Peace & Order Committee Barangay Development Council Sub-Committee on Crime Prevention/Drug Abuse Council Sub-Committee on Health & Nutrition & Environmental Protection Brgy Anti-Drug Abuse Council Brgy Ecological Solid Waste Mgt Council Brgy Against Narcotics Abusers & Traffickers Brgy Health
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arrested Development: the Long Term Impact of Israel's Separation Barrier in the West Bank
    B’TSELEM - The Israeli Information Center for ARRESTED DEVELOPMENT Human Rights in the Occupied Territories 8 Hata’asiya St., Talpiot P.O. Box 53132 Jerusalem 91531 The Long Term Impact of Israel's Separation Tel. (972) 2-6735599 | Fax (972) 2-6749111 Barrier in the West Bank www.btselem.org | [email protected] October 2012 Arrested Development: The Long Term Impact of Israel's Separation Barrier in the West Bank October 2012 Research and writing Eyal Hareuveni Editing Yael Stein Data coordination 'Abd al-Karim Sa'adi, Iyad Hadad, Atef Abu a-Rub, Salma a-Deb’i, ‘Amer ‘Aruri & Kareem Jubran Translation Deb Reich Processing geographical data Shai Efrati Cover Abandoned buildings near the barrier in the town of Bir Nabala, 24 September 2012. Photo Anne Paq, activestills.org B’Tselem would like to thank Jann Böddeling for his help in gathering material and analyzing the economic impact of the Separation Barrier; Nir Shalev and Alon Cohen- Lifshitz from Bimkom; Stefan Ziegler and Nicole Harari from UNRWA; and B’Tselem Reports Committee member Prof. Oren Yiftachel. ISBN 978-965-7613-00-9 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................ 5 Part I The Barrier – A Temporary Security Measure? ................. 7 Part II Data ....................................................................... 13 Maps and Photographs ............................................................... 17 Part III The “Seam Zone” and the Permit Regime ..................... 25 Part IV Case Studies ............................................................ 43 Part V Violations of Palestinians’ Human Rights due to the Separation Barrier ..................................................... 63 Conclusions................................................................................ 69 Appendix A List of settlements, unauthorized outposts and industrial parks on the “Israeli” side of the Separation Barrier .................. 71 Appendix B Response from Israel's Ministry of Justice .......................
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories
    REPORT ON ISRAELI SETTLEMENT IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES A Bimonthly Publication of the Foundation for Middle East Peace Volume 20 Number 4 July-August 2010 MOVING BEYOND A SETTLEMENT FREEZE — THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION LOOKS FOR A NEW COURSE By Geoffrey Aronson the settlement of Amona, for example, The wave of building in Judea the state prosecutor’s office offered an In their meeting on July 6, President and Samaria has never been explanation for its inaction that was Barack Obama and Israeli prime minis- higher. Thousands of units are described by Ha’aretz correspondent ter Benjamin Netanyahu presented a being built in every location. I Akiva Eldar as “the line that will go well-choreographed bit of political the- was never a fan of the freeze. No down in the ‘chutzpah’ record books: atre aimed at highlighting the “excel- one in the cabinet was. [The The prosecution asks to reject the lent” personal and political relations be- freeze] was a mistake. It is impos- demand to evacuate the illegal settle- tween the two leaders and the countries sible to take people and freeze ment since diverting the limited means they represent. Obama explained after them. This is not a solution. The of enforcement to old illegal construc- their meeting that, “As Prime Minister government remains committed tion ‘is not high on the respondents’ Netanyahu indicated in his speech, the to renew a wave of construction agenda.’ And why not? ‘Means of bond between the United States and this coming September. In any enforcement’ are needed to implement Israel is unbreakable.
    [Show full text]
  • ISRAEL.Qxp Mise En Page 1 11/07/2019 14:40 Page1 Middle East & West Asia ISRAEL UNITARY COUNTRY
    Fiche ISRAEL.qxp_Mise en page 1 11/07/2019 14:40 Page1 Middle East & West Asia ISRAEL UNITARY COUNTRY BASIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS INCOME GROUP: HIGH INCOME LOCAL CURRENCY: NEW ISRAELI SHEKEL (ILS) POPULATION AND GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC DATA Area: 21 643 km 2 GDP: 333.4 billion (current PPP international dollars), i.e. 38 276 dollars per inhabitant Population: 8.709 million inhabitants (2017), an increase of 1.7% (2017) per year (2010-2015) Real GDP growth: 3.3% (2017 vs 2016) Density: 402 inhabitants / km 2 Unemployment rate: 4.2% (2017) Urban population: 92.3% of national population Foreign direct investment, net inflows (FDI): 18 169 (BoP, current USD millions, 2017) Urban population growth: 2.0% (2017) Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF): 20.3% of GDP (2016) Capital city: Jerusalem (10.4% of national population) HDI: 0.903 (very high), rank 22 (2017) MAIN FEATURES OF THE MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK Israel is a unitary parliamentary democracy established in 1948 by the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. Israel has no formal written constitution but thirteen “Basic Laws” (and a temporary one) that were passed in 1957 to set up a legal framework. The first basic law established the parliament in 1958. It is a unicameral parliament ( Knesset ) composed of 120 members elected every four years by direct universal suffrage. The Knesset elects the President of the State in a secret vote for a single, seven-year term. The country’s prime minister is the head of government and chief executive, entrusted with the task of forming the cabinet, which is the government’s main policy-making and executive body.
    [Show full text]
  • 22 March 2004 ICG Asia Report N°77 Islamabad/Brussels
    DEVOLUTION IN PAKISTAN: REFORM OR REGRESSION? 22 March 2004 ICG Asia Report N°77 Islamabad/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 3 A. GENERAL AYUB KHAN'S BASIC DEMOCRACY.......................................................................3 B. GENERAL ZIA-UL-HAQ'S LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM ......................................................4 III. THE MUSHARRAF DEVOLUTION........................................................................... 5 A. DOMESTIC AND EXTERNAL IMPERATIVES .............................................................................5 B. THE BLUEPRINT ....................................................................................................................7 1. Administrative Decentralisation ................................................................................7 2. Fiscal Decentralisation...............................................................................................8 3. Law Enforcement.......................................................................................................8 C. MILITARY EXCEPTIONS.........................................................................................................8 D. DOMESTIC REACTION ...........................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the 4Th Uclg World Congress
    RABAT 2013 1-4 OCTOBER 2ND WORLD SUMMIT OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL LEADERS Report OF THE 4thUCLG WORLD CONGRESS 1 SUMMARY 04 09 10 14 FOREWORD AT THE HEART OPENING CEREMONY THEMATIC ROUND OF THE WORLD AND INTRODUCTORY TABLES AND SUMMIT PLENARY PARALLEL SESSIONS rabat 2013 - the world summit in numbers | www.uclg.org 48 53 54 62 STRATEGIC CLOSING PLENARY SIDE EVENTS FINAL PLENARIES DECLARATION Foreword UCLG offered attendees a unique opportunity to debate and exchange their views on the most vital issues for the agenda of sub-national authorities and their partners for the 21st century. 4 rabat 2013 - the world summit in numbers | www.uclg.org REPORT OF THE 4TH UCLG WORLD CONGRESS , the centenary year of the international municipal movement, 2013 saw the celebration of 2nd World Summit of UCLG from 1-4 October 2013 in Rabat, Morocco. The Moroccan capital “supports all initiatives that aim to promote the principles of decentralization and local democratic development” (extract from the The Moroccan capital speech by the King of Morocco, read at the Summit “supports all opening by Mr Fathallah Oualalou, Mayor of Rabat). initiatives that Over 3,000 participants from 125 countries from all aim to promote regions of the world took part in the four day event. the principles Representatives of local and regional authorities, national governments, multi-lateral agencies, the of decentra- private sector, development partners and civil society lization and came together to connect, debate and exchange local democratic experiences. The four days offered a unique opportunity development.” for them to debate and exchange their views on the most vital issues for the agenda of sub-national authorities Mr Fathallah Oualalou, and their partners for the 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • PUNONG BARANGAY TASKS and RESPONSIBILITIES Checklist
    PUNONG BARANGAY TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Checklist NOT FOR SALE a PUNONG BARANGAY TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Checklist NOT FOR SALE Punong Barangay Tasks and Responsibilities Checklist Copyright@2018 Local Government Academy (LGA) Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No portions of this book may be copied or reproduced in books, pamphlets, typewritten, xeroxed, or in any other form for distribution or sale, without permission from the Academy. ISBN: 978-971-0576-81-4 Printed and bounded in Manila, Philippines. Published by: Local Government Academy Department of the Interior and Local Government 8/F Agustin I Bldg., F. Ortigas, Jr. Road, (formerly Emerald Ave.) Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605 Philippines Tel Nos. (632) 634-8430 / 634-8436 www.lga.gov.ph Technical Working Group: Alfonso A. Maralli, Jr. Sally S. Jumalon Maria Louisa B. Bite Cover and Layout: Iris A. Igrobay PUNONG BARANGAY TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Checklist TABLE OF CONTENTS I Messages iii - vi II List of Acronyms vii III Tasks and Responsibilities as Mandated by the Local Government Code 1 IV Tasks and Responsibilities Pursuant to Presidential Directives 5 V List of Presidential Directives and DILG Memorandum Circulars 31 i PUNONG BARANGAY TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Checklist MESSAGE The public offices are public trusts. They are a manifestation of the will of the people. This is at the very core of democracy that we enjoy today. Both local and national officials are in the same situation, they are accountable to the people, the constituents that voted for them. The funds that are utilized are from the people and the natural resources that belong to the nation and its future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution WATCH
    HUMAN RIGHTS A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution WATCH A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-900-1 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org APRIL 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-900-1 A Threshold Crossed Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution Map .................................................................................................................................. i Summary ......................................................................................................................... 2 Definitions of Apartheid and Persecution .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • B'tselem Report: Dispossession & Exploitation: Israel's Policy in the Jordan Valley & Northern Dead Sea, May
    Dispossession & Exploitation Israel's policy in the Jordan Valley & northern Dead Sea May 2011 Researched and written by Eyal Hareuveni Edited by Yael Stein Data coordination by Atef Abu a-Rub, Wassim Ghantous, Tamar Gonen, Iyad Hadad, Kareem Jubran, Noam Raz Geographic data processing by Shai Efrati B'Tselem thanks Salwa Alinat, Kav LaOved’s former coordinator of Palestinian fieldworkers in the settlements, Daphna Banai, of Machsom Watch, Hagit Ofran, Peace Now’s Settlements Watch coordinator, Dror Etkes, and Alon Cohen-Lifshitz and Nir Shalev, of Bimkom. 2 Table of contents Introduction......................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter One: Statistics........................................................................................................ 8 Land area and borders of the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea area....................... 8 Palestinian population in the Jordan Valley .................................................................... 9 Settlements and the settler population........................................................................... 10 Land area of the settlements .......................................................................................... 13 Chapter Two: Taking control of land................................................................................ 15 Theft of private Palestinian land and transfer to settlements......................................... 15 Seizure of land for “military needs”.............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Imagereal Capture
    BROADENING THE SCOPE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN ISRAEL: BElWEEN ACTIVISM AND RESTRAINT Daphne Barak-Erez* I. Introduction: Judicial Review in Israel: a Case-Study The debate around the scope and function of judicial review is a classical one. The present article will address it by focusing on the case study ofjudiCial review in the Israeli Supreme Court. The focus on this example is of speCial interest because the Israeli approach has transformed Significantly since the 1980s and currently presents an espeCially broad version of robust judiCial review. Additionally, taking into consideration the intensity of public life in Israel and the challenges that the country faces (including security threats), the case law of the Israeli Supreme Court touches on diverse and controversial public matters. In order to fully assess these developments, it is worthwhile to review the doctrinal changes, which have enabled the broadening of the scope of judiCial review. Against this background, the article will assess the defacto impact of these developments and will depart from the more traditional debates around the jurisprudence of the court, which focused on the normative deSirability of the doctrinal changes. 1 ll. Doctrinal Changes and the Growing Scope of Judicial Review in Israel The developments in the law of judiCial review since the 1980s have been dramatic, and include the follOwing: Stewart and Judy Colton Professor of Law, Chair of Law and Security, Faculty of Law, Tel-Aviv University. An earlier version of this article was presented at a joint conference of the Israeli Supreme Court and the Indian Supreme Court, December 200B. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel, Thus the Action Is Not a Discriminatory Act, but Is a Distinction That the State Is Permitted to Make
    In the Supreme Court sitting as the High Court of Justice HCJ 548/04 HCJ 670/04 HCJ 898/04 Before: The Honorable Justice D. Dorner The Honorable Justice A. Procaccia The Honorable Justice E. E. Levy The Petitioners in HCJ 548/04: 1. Amana – The Gush Emunim Settlement Movement 2. Binyamin Regional Council 1. Shomron Regional Council 2. Gush Etzion Regional Council 3. Har Hevron Regional Council The Petitioners in HCJ 670/04: 1. Yaakov Ichstein 2. Kiryat Arba Local Council The Petitioner in HCJ 898/04: Ofra Cooperative Village for Settlement Ltd. v e r s u s The Respondent in HCJ 548/04: Commander of IDF Forces in Judea and Samaria The Respondents in HCJ 670/04: 1. The Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon 2. The Defense Minister, Shaul Mofaz 3. The Commander of IDF Forces in Judea and Samaria, Maj. Gen. Moshe Kaplinsky The Respondent in HCJ 898/04: The Commander of IDF Forces in Judea and Samaria, Maj. Gen. Moshe Kaplinsky Petition for Order Nisi and Interlocutory Order Date of the session: 13 Shvat 5764 (5 February 2004) On behalf of Petitioners in HCJ 548/04: Attorney Yehuda Rasler On behalf of the Petitioners in HCJ 670/04: Attorney Nadav Haetzni; Attorney Orit Haim On behalf of the Petitioner in HCJ 898/04: Attorney David Rotem On behalf of the Respondents in HCJ 548/04, HCJ 670/04, and HCJ 898/04: Attorney Osnat Mandell J U D G M E N T Justice D. Dorner: In the three petitions before us, the petitioners challenge the validity of two orders issued by the commander of IDF forces in Judea and Samaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Elections in Iran
    AN INTRODUCTORY PRIMER ON Local Elections in Iran Structure of Local Government Local institutions resemble national ones in their dual nature. At almost every level of government, there are appointed, administrative councils headed by representatives of the central government. These institutions represent the top down hierarchy on the provincial, county, district, city and village level. There is also a parallel bottom up hierarchy of elected officials and councils, with local and village councils at its base. Village and city councils are the only local institutions whose members are directly elected. Once village councils are elected, councilors nominate members from their ranks to represent their village at district, or bakhsh, councils. Once bakhsh councils are formed, they nominate members to represent their bakhsh at county councils, and so on until the Supreme Council of the Provinces. The bottom-up, elected councils tend to play supervisory and consultative roles rather than legislative ones. City councils elect mayors, approve municipal budgets and supervise their implementation. They approve all city planning and development decisions. Conversely to elected bodies, central government and executive functions are largely managed through a top-down process of appointed heads of councils with the bulk of authority, although mayors are chosen by councils themselves. Mayors are in charge of implementing directives from city councils. They are nominated by the councils and approved by the Ministry of Interior, and serve as heads of the municipal administrations for four-year terms. The Ministry of the Interior also appoints the ostandars, who appoint the farmandars in their province with the Ministry’s approval and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Programme on Child Protection, 2006-2010 Building a Protective and Caring Environment for Filipino Children
    PROTECTING FILIPINO CHILDREN FROM ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND VIOLENCE A Comprehensive Programme on Child Protection, 2006-2010 Building a Protective and Caring Environment for Filipino Children SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN c/o Department of Justice, Padre Faura, Manila December 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION . 7 ¡Background/Rationale . 7 ¡Legal and Policy Framework 8 ¡Conceptual Framework . 10 CHAPTER 2 - PRIORITY CHILD PROTECTION ISSUES 13 ¡Child Labour . 13 ¡Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children . 14 ¡Physical and Sexual Abuse . 16 ¡Children in Conflict with the Law . 16 ¡Street Children . 17 ¡Children Affected by Armed Conflict & Displacement . 18 ¡Children and Drugs . 18 ¡Children with Disabilities . 19 ¡Children of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples . 19 ¡Other Children in Need of Special Protection . 20 ¡Priority Child Protection Issues by Islands . 20 ¡Summary of Major Issues and Problems to be Addressed . 21 CHAPTER 3 - CHILD PROTECTION GOALS, TARGETS AND INDICATORS 23 ¡Goals and Targets . 23 ¡Key Results Expected for 2006-2010 . 24 ¡Key Protection Indicators . 25 ¡Developing a Child Protection Index . 27 CHAPTER 4 - MAJOR STRATEGIES AND CORE INTERVENTIONS 28 ¡Cross-Cutting Strategies and Interventions . 28 ¡Preventive Actions and Early Interventions . 28 ¡Rescue, Recovery, Healing and Reintegration . 33 ¡Legal and Judicial Protection Measures . 38 CHAPTER 5 - CHILD PARTICIPATION IN CHILD PROTECTION 43 ¡Defining Children's Participation . 43 ¡Significance of Children's Participation . 44 ¡Building Resiliency and Self-Esteem . 44 ¡Organizing Children for Participation and Protection . 45 ¡Children and the BCPC . 47 CHAPTER 6 - MECHANISMS FOR ACTION, COORDINATION AND NETWORKING 49 ¡Role of the Family . 49 ¡Role of the School System .
    [Show full text]