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(Gardenieae - Rubiaceae) En El Cono Sur De Sudamérica

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(Gardenieae - Rubiaceae) En El Cono Sur De Sudamérica Lic. Marina D. Judkevich Anatomía reproductiva en especies de Gardenieae TESIS DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Anatomía reproductiva en especies de Cordiera, Genipa, Randia y Tocoyena (Gardenieae - Rubiaceae) en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica por Lic. Marina Daniela Judkevich Directora: Dra. Ana Maria Gonzalez Director Asociado: Roberto Manuel Salas Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS, FÍSICAS Y NATURALES UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA Córdoba, Argentina 2018 1 Lic. Marina D. Judkevich Anatomía reproductiva en especies de Gardenieae COMISIÓN ASESORA Dra. Ana Maria Gonzalez Lugar de Trabajo: IBONE-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes. Dra. Beatriz Gloria Galati Lugar de Trabajo: Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Dra. María Teresa Cosa Lugar de Trabajo: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. DEFENSA ORAL Y PÚBLICA Lugar y Fecha: Calificación: TRIBUNAL Firma: ………………………………….. Aclaración: ………………….………............. Firma:………………………………….. Aclaración: ……………………...…..........…. Firma:………………………………….. Aclaración: ……………………............……. i Lic. Marina D. Judkevich Anatomía reproductiva en especies de Gardenieae AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis directores de tesis, Dra. Ana Maria Gonzalez y el Dr. Roberto Salas por haberme brindado el tema de trabajo y por haber depositado en mí la confianza para realizarlo. Sus aportes en mi formación académica y profesional fueron de mucho valor. Al Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste por darme el espacio donde realizar mis actividades de investigación y al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas por darme financiamiento a través de una Beca Doctoral. A las integrantes del grupo de Rubiaceae: Laila Miguel, Sandra Sobrado, Andrea Cabaña, por ayudarme a despejar dudas y por la colección de material. A mis compañeros de trabajo y amigos: Stella Maris Solís, Elsa Lattar, Florencia Romero, Valeria Gonzalez, Melisa Zini, Mariela Nuñez, Javier Florentín, Silvia Fernandez y Héctor Sato, por sus consejos y por estar siempre. A mis seres queridos que me acompañan y brindan su apoyo continuamente: Mariana Judkevich, Nathia Judkevich, Regina Dziewa y Ricardo Toledo. ii Lic. Marina D. Judkevich Anatomía reproductiva en especies de Gardenieae LISTADO DE PUBLICACIONES DERIVADAS DE LA TESIS 1. Judkevich MD, Salas RM & Keller H. 2016. Randia brevituba (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Southern Cone of America and comments on Randia armata. Syst. Bot. 41(1): 238–244. 2. Judkevich MD, Salas RM & Gonzalez AM. 2015. Revisión de Randia (Rubiaceae) en Argentina, taxonomía y morfoanatomía. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 50 (4): 607-625. iii Lic. Marina D. Judkevich Anatomía reproductiva en especies de Gardenieae ÍNDICE RESUMEN.............................................................................................................................. 1 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................. 5 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Materiales .............................................................................................................. 11 Métodos ................................................................................................................. 12 Microscopía óptica (MO) ...................................................................................... 12 Microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) ........................................................... 13 Polen ...................................................................................................................... 13 Pruebas histoquímicas ........................................................................................... 13 Estudios taxonómicos ............................................................................................ 13 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ...................................................................................................... 14 CAPÍTULO I: SEXUALIDAD, MORFOLOGÍA Y ANATOMÍA FLORAL INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................... 15 RESULTADOS .......................................................................................................... 18 Morfología floral ................................................................................................... 18 Perianto ................................................................................................................. 25 Verticilos fértiles ................................................................................................... 35 Estructuras secretoras ............................................................................................ 36 Nectario floral .............................................................................................. 36 Coléteres ...................................................................................................... 40 DISCUSIÓN .............................................................................................................. 44 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ....................................................................................................... 53 CAPÍTULO II: ANDROCEO. DIFERENCIACIÓN DE LA PARED DE LA ANTERA Y DEL GRANO DE POLEN INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................... 58 RESULTADOS ....................................................................................................... 60 Diferenciación de la Antera y de los Granos de Polen ....................................... 60 Estado 1. Células madres de las microsporas .......................................... 62 Estado 2. Tétrades .................................................................................... 64 Estado 3. Microsporas ............................................................................... 65 Estado 4. Granos de polen ........................................................................ 67 iv Lic. Marina D. Judkevich Anatomía reproductiva en especies de Gardenieae Estado 5. Dehiscencia de la antera ........................................................... 67 Estado X. Detención de la diferenciación ................................................. 70 Morfología y unidades de dispersión del polen .................................................. 72 Pollenkitt ............................................................................................................. 75 Orbículas ............................................................................................................. 75 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................ 76 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ..................................................................................................... 85 CAPÍTULO III: GINECEO. ANATOMÍA DE ESTILO, ESTIGMA Y OVARIO. TIPO DE PLACENTACIÓN. ÓVULOS. MEGASPOROGÉNESIS Y MEGAGAMETOGÉNESIS INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................... 91 RESULTADOS ......................................................................................................... 93 Anatomía del estilo y del estigma ......................................................................... 93 Anatomía del ovario ............................................................................................ 101 Placentación......................................................................................................... 103 ¿Qué sucede en el ovario de las flores funcionalmente estaminadas? ................ 103 Óvulos. Megasporogénesis y megagametogénesis ............................................. 105 Estadio 1. Primordio del óvulo ....................................................................... 105 Estadio 2. Célula madre de las megásporas ................................................. 105 Estadio 3. Meiosis ........................................................................................... 105 Estadio 4. Saco embrionario ......................................................................... 106 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................ 112 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ..................................................................................................... 119 CAPÍTULO IV: ESTRATEGIAS REPRODUCTIVAS INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................. 121 RESULTADOS ........................................................................................................ 123 Unisexualidad de las flores.................................................................................. 123 Presentación secundaria del polen ...................................................................... 124 Protandria ............................................................................................................ 126 Propagación vegetativa........................................................................................ 128 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................ 129 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ....................................................................................................
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