Appendicular Skeleton

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APPENDICULAR SKELETON I. Shoulder girdle A. Clavicle 1. Sternal end 2. Acromial end 3. Conoid tubercle B. Scapula 1. Spine 2. Acromion 3. Coracoid process 4. Glenoid fossa 5. Superior angle 6. Inferior angle 7. Superior border 8. Vertebral(Medial) border 9. Axillary (Lateral) border 10. Supraspinatus (Supraspinous) fossa 11. Infraspinatus (Infraspinous) fossa 12. Costal surface 13. Subscapular fossa 14. Scapular notch 15. Root (Base) Scapular Spine II. Upper Extremity A. Humerus 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Greater tubercle i. Superior facet ii. Middle facet iii. Inferior facet 4. Lesser tubercle 5. Intertubercular groove (sulcus) 6. Body 7. Deltoid tubercle 8. Coronoid fossa 9. Olecranon fossa 10. Trochlea (Medial condyle) 11. Capitulum (Lateral condyle) 12. Medial epicondyle 13. Lateral epicondyle 14. Medial Supracondylar ridge 15. Lateral Supracondylar ridge 16. Radial fossa B. Ulna 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Olecranon process 4. Semilunar (trochlear) notch 5. Coronoid process 6. Radial notch 7. Styloid process 8. Supinator crest 9. Ulnar tuberosity C. Radius 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Radial tuberosity 4. Styloid process 5. Ulnar Notch D. Carpals 1. Scaphoid 2. Lunate 3. Triquetrum (Triquetral) 4. Pisiform 5. Trapezium 6. Trapezoid 7. Capitate 8. Hamate a. Hook of Hamate E. Metacarpals 1. Head 2. Shaft 3. Base F. Phalanges 1. Base 2. Shaft 3. Head 4. Thumb (Pollex) a. Proximal b. Distal 5. Fingers (II-V) a. Proximal b. Middle c. Distal III. Pelvis A. Sacrum B. Coccyx C. Coxal (Hip) bones 1. Ilium a. Iliac crest b. Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) c. Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) d. Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) e. Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) f. Greater sciatic notch g. Iliac fossa h. Auricular surface i. Gluteal lines i. Posterior ii. Anterior iii. Inferior 2. Pubis a. Superior ramus b. Inferior ramus c. Body d. Crest e. Pubic Tubercle f. Arcuate Line g. Iliopectineal eminence 3. Ischium a. Ischial spine b. Ischial tuberosity c. Lesser sciatic notch 4. Acetabulum a. Acetabular notch 5. Obturator foramen 6. Symphysis pubis IV. Lower Extremity A. Femur 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Greater trochanter 4. Lesser trochanter 5. Intertrochanteric line 6. Intertrochanteric crest 7. Linea aspera 8. Medial condyle 9. Lateral condyle 10. Medial epicondyle 11. Lateral epicondyle 12. Intercondylar fossa 13. Supracondylar lines a. Medial b. Lateral 14. Gluteal Tuberosity 15. Pectineal line 16. Patellar surface 17. Adductor tubercle B. Patella 1. Base 2. Apex 3. Medial Facet 4. Lateral Facet 5. Ridge C. Tibia 1. Lateral condyle 2. Medial condyle 3. Intercondylar eminence 4. Tibial tuberosity 5. Medial malleolus 6. Soleal line D. Fibula 1. Head 2. Lateral malleolus E. Tarsals 1. Talus 2. Calcaneus a. Lateral Process b. Medial Process 3. Cuboid 4. Navicular 5. First (Medial) Cuneiform 6. Second (Intermediate) Cuneiform 7. Third (Lateral) Cuneiform F. Metatarsals 1. Head 2. Base 3. Shaft G. Phalanges 1. Head 2. Base 3. Shaft 4. Great Toe a. Proximal b. Distal 5. Toes II-V a. Proximal b. Middle c. Distal .

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Arthroscopic and Open Anatomy of the Hip 11
CHAPTER Arthroscopic and o'pen Anatomy of the Hip Michael B. Gerhardt, Kartik Logishetty, Morteza lV1eftah, and Anil S. Ranawat INTRODUCTION movements that they induce at the joint: 1) flexors; 2) extensors; 3) abductors; 4) adductors; 5) external rotators; and 6) interI12 I The hip joint is defined by the articulation between the head rotators. Although some muscles have dual roles, their primary of the femur and the aeetahulum of the pelvis. It is covered by functions define their group placem(:)nt, and they all have ullique :l large soft-tissue envelope and a complex array of neurovascu- neurovascular supplies (TIt ble 2-1). lar and musculotendinous structures. The joint's morphology The vascular supply of tbe hip stems from the external and anu orientation are complex, and there are wide anatomi c varia- internal iLiac ancries. An understanding of the course of these tions seen among individuals. The joint's deep location makes vessels is critical fo r ,lVo iding catasu"ophic vascular injury. fn both arthroscopic and open access challenging. To avoid iatro- addition, the blood supply to the fel11()ra l head is vulnerahle to genic injury while establishing functional and efficient access, both traumatic and iatrogenic injury; the disruption of this sup- the hip surgeon should possess a sound ana tomic knowledge of ply can result in avascular necrosis (Figure 2-2). the hip. T he human "hip" can be subdivided into three categories: I) the superficial surface anatomy; 2) the deep femoroacetabu- la r Joint and capsule; and 3) the associated structures, including the muscles, nerves, and vasculature, all of which directly affeet HIP MUSCULATURE its function.
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Compiled for Lower Limb
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Back of Leg I
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