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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021, 21(1): 21-29 Research Article Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty Doi:10.17475/kastorman.908605

A Faunistic List for the Superfamilies , , , , , , and () of Muğla Province, South-Western

Erdem SEVEN 1* , Nafiz YILMAZ2

1Batman University, School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Batman, TURKEY 2Batman University, Vocational High School (Retired Lecturer), Batman, TURKEY *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Received Date: 30.10.2020 Accepted Date: 25.02.2021 Abstract Aim of study: The present study aimed to contribute Lepidoptera fauna of Muğla province and Turkey. Area of study: Research was carried out in Muğla province, Ula district, Gökova, Akyaka Forest Camp. Material and methods: and samples were collected between in 2018-2020 with net and mercury vapour lamp. Specimens were arranged according to standard methods and diagnosed. Materials were stored at Entomology Laboratory of Batman University. Main results: In total, 133 were identified and, 31 of them are new discovered in Muğla province. Highlights: Lepidoptera species of Muğla province, especially Geometroidea and Pyraloidea groups, have not been well studied. The results of the research contribute to the elimination of this deficiency. In addition, information on the vegetation of the study area is given for the first time. Eastern Moth ( wilkinsoni Tams, 1925), which is an oligofag defoliator in pine forests, has been observed with the high population density in the research area. Keywords: Lepidoptera, Butterfly, Moth, Fauna, Muğla, Turkey Türkiye'nin Güneybatısındaki Muğla İlinin Papilionoidea, Geometroidea, Cossoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Drepanoidea, Noctuoidea ve Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) Üstfamilyaları için Faunistik Bir Liste

Öz Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışma, Muğla ili ve Türkiye Lepidoptera faunasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma alanı: Araştırma Muğla ili, Ula ilçesi, Gökova, Akyaka Orman Kampı’nda yapılmıştır. Materyal ve yöntem: Kelebek ve güve örnekleri 2018-2020 yılları arasında atrap ve civa buharlı lamba ile toplanmıştır. Örnekler standart yöntemlere göre düzenlenmiş ve teşhis edilmiştir. Materyaller, Batman Üniversitesi Entomoloji Laboratuvarı'nda korunmaktadır. Temel sonuçlar: Toplamda 133 tür tespit edilmiş ve bunların 31'i Muğla ilinde yeni keşfedilmiştir. Araştırma vurguları: Muğla ilinin Lepidoptera türleri, özellikle Geometroidea ve Pyraloidea grupları, iyi çalışılmamıştır. Araştırma sonuçları bu eksikliğin giderilmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma alanının bitki örtüsü hakkında ilk kez bilgi verilmektedir. Çam ormanlarında bir oligofag yaprak zararlısı olan Doğu Çam Kese Güvesi’nin (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, 1925), araştırma alanında yüksek popülasyon yoğunluğuna sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Lepidoptera, Kelebek, Güve, Fauna, Muğla, Türkiye

Citation (Atıf): Seven, E. & Yılmaz, N. (2021). A Faunistic List for This work is licensed under a Creative Commons the Superfamilies Papilionoidea, Geometroidea, Cossoidea, Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Drepanoidea, Noctuoidea and 21 License. Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) of Muğla Province, South-Western Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 21 (1), 21-29. Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021, 21(1): 21-29 Seven and Yılmaz Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Introduction detected plant taxa in the area are given below Muğla province is located in south-western for the first time. , on the Aegean Sea, borders with Akyaka Forest Camp, which has Antalya, Aydın, Burdur, Denizli provinces, homogeneous vegetation, covers an area of and the Greek islands face the coast of the approximately 400 decares. Pinus brutia, province. The city is well known for Turkey's Quercus aucheri, Styrax officinalis, Phillyrea largest holiday resorts, such as Bodrum, latifolia, Pistacia terebinthus, Acacia Marmaris and Fethiye. Although cynaophylla are the most intense plant species investigations on Lepidoptera fauna in Muğla in the region, where consists mostly natural province have provided contributions in and hosts many native and cultivated recent years, studies are still not sufficient and plant species (Figure 1). it has not been determined to reveal exactly. Naturally occurring plants: Pinus brutia, Published reports on the and P. pinea, Quercus aucheri, Styrax officinalis, (Lepidoptera) from Muğla province , P. terebinthus, P. lentiscus, include: Hacker et al. (1986) contributed to Olea europaea, Laurus nobilis, Ceratonia, noctuid moth fauna of Turkey and, gave , A. unedo, Vitex agnus- records of two species from Muğla. Lastuvka castus, Rhus corrida, Phillyrea latifolia, et al. (1990 [1989]); van Oorschot & van den Ficus carica, Capparis spinoza, Ptilostemon Brink (1992); Hensle (1993) published a few chamaepeuce, creticus, Vaccinium Lepidoptera specimens collected from the myrtillus, aspera, S. excels, Ruseus province. De Bros (1991) presented results of aculeatus, Paliurus spina-christi, Drimia his expedition to Antalya province, and maritima, Asphodelus, Allium, Arum mentioned some species collected from macculatum, Medicago, Verbascum, Muğla province. Baisch et al. (1998) recorded Asparagus acutifolius, Prospero autumnale, thirteen Noctuoidea species. Mol et al. (2003) Narcissus serotinus, Carlina gummifera, listed Lepidoptera species of Butterfly Valley Sphiranthes spiralis, Serapias, Ophrys and reported twenty-four moth species in apifera, Limodorum abortivum, Leontondon, Arctiidae, Geometridae, , Bellis perennis, , Matricaria, Lymantriidae, , , Salicornia europaea, alba, Oxalis, , and , Phlomis, Limonium families. Baron (2014) published a list of 168 angustifolium, Carlina corymbosa, Lactuca species of Noctuoidea, Bombycoidea, serriola, pulcher, Oryzopsis miliacea. Lasiocampoidea, Drepanoidea and Axioidea. Cultivated plants: Platanus orientalis, Koçak & Kemal (2018) gave about 260 Liquidambar orientalis, Acacia cynaophylla, Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera species with a Acacia saligna, Acacia sp., Nerium oleander, checklist from Turkey. Baron (2019) Robinia pseudoacacia, Chamaerops humilis, presented in total 299 moth species from Agave americana, , Ailanthus Muğla province with two new records for the glandolusa, Cupressus sempervirens, Turkish fauna. Juniperus foetidissima, Iris germenica, The present paper includes a faunistic list Mirabilis jalapa, Pyrus, Punica granatum, of 133 species collected from Muğla, Akyaka persica, Canna, , Lantana Forest Camp. Among them, 31 species are camara, Convolvulus, Ipomoea purpurea, I. new reported from the province. However, indica, I. batatas, tamoides, Ligustrum vulgare, Eriobotrya japonica.

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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021, 21(1): 21-29 Seven and Yılmaz Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Figure 1. Habitat of Akyaka Forest Camp, Gökova, Ula district, Muğla prov., south-western Turkey, 14.09.2020

Material and Methods Abbreviations The materials were collected and Papi: Papilionoidea, Geo: Geometroidea, photographed from Muğla prov., Ula district, Cos: Cossoidea, Lasio: Lasiocampoidea, Gökova, Akyaka Forest Camp in 2018-2020 Bomy: Bombycoidea, Drep: Drepanoidea, by second author. The specimens coming to Noct: Noctuoidea, Pyr: Pyraloidea. the light were caught and packed. Then, the materials were pinned, mounted, labelled, and Results deposited according to standard List of Butterflies (29 Species) entomological methods. External characters Superfamily Papilionoidea Latreille, 1802 of stretched specimens were photographed Family [Leach], [1815] with a Fujifilm Finepix HS30 EXR digital Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761) camera. Preparations of some specimens Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) genitalia were carried out for exact diagnosis, Polyommatus loewii (Zeller, 1847) embedded as permanent slides in Euparal Polyommatus daphnis ([Denis & under a Nikon SMZ1000 stereomicroscope. Schiffermüller], 1775) The following sources utilized for diagnosis Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) and systematics: Hacker, 1985a; 1985b; 1986; Satyrium acaciae (Fabricius, 1787) de Freina & Witt, 1987; 1990; 2001; Fibiger, Tarucus balkanicus (Freyer, [1843]) 1990; 1993; 1997a, 1997b; Ronkay & Fabian, 1990; Ronkay & Ronkay, 1994; 1995; Family Rafinesque, 1815 Hesselbarth et al., 1995; Kuhna & Schmitz, Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1997; Hausmann, 2001; 2004; Ronkay et al., 1775) 2001; Goater et al., 2003; Mironov, 2003; Zilli Charaxes jasius (Linnaeus, 1767) et al., 2005; Fibiger & Hacker, 2007; Slamka, Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) 2008; 2011; 2013; Fibiger et al., 2009; 2010; Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Leraut, 2009; 2014; Witt & Ronkay, 2011; Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758) Hausmann & Viidalepp, 2012; Skou & Sihvonen, 2015; Kemal & Koçak, 2015; 2018; Subfamily Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833 Müller et al., 2019. Specimens are deposited Hipparchia fatua (Freyer, 1844) in the collection of Batman University, Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871) Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg, 1775) Biology, Entomology laboratory, Batman, Kirinia roxelana (Cramer, [1777]) Turkey. Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758)

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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021, 21(1): 21-29 Seven and Yılmaz Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Family Papilionidae Latreille, [1802] Stueningia taurica Hausmann, 1993 Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 Superfamily Cossoidea Leach, [1815] Family Leach, [1815] Family Duponchel, [1835] Dyspessa ulula (Borkhausen, 1790) Colias crocea (Fourcroy, 1785) Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) Colias aurorina Herrich-Schäffer, [1850] Pieris ergane (Geyer, [1828]) Superfamily Lasiocampoidea Harris, 1841 Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) Family Lasiocampidae Harris, 1841 Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) Malacosoma castrensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Phylodesma tremulifolia (Hübner, [1810]) Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 Erynnis marloyi (Boisduval, [1834]) Superfamily Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 Gegenes pumilio (Hoffmannsegg, 1804) Family Boisduval, 1837 Ochlodes sylvanus (Esper, [1777]) Saturnia pyri ([Denis & Schiffermüller], Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]) 1775) Thymelicus lineolus (Ochsenheimer, 1808) Family Sphingidae Latreille, [1802] List of Moths (104 Species) Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758) Superfamily Geometroidea Leach, 1815 Hyles euphorbiae (Linnaeus, 1758) Family Geometridae Leach, 1815 Hyles livornica (Esper, [1780]) Ascotis selenaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758) 1775) Sphinx pinastri Linnaeus, 1758 (Fig. 2e) ochrearia (Rossi, 1794) (Fig. 2a) Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus, 1758) Superfamily Drepanoidea Boisduval, 1828 Chiasmia aestimaria (Hübner, [1809]) Family Boisduval, 1828 Cyclophora puppillaria (Hübner, [1799]) Watsonalla uncinula (Borkhausen, 1790) Epirrhoe molluginata (Hübner, [1813]) indigenata (De Villers, 1789) Superfamily Noctuoidea Latreille, 1809 Gnophos sartata Treitschke, 1827 Family Thaumetopoeidae , 1891 Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Haworth, [1809]) Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, 1925 (Fig. Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) 2f) degeneraria (Hübner, [1799]) Idaea elongaria (Rambur, 1833) Family Leach, [1815] Idaea filicata (Hübner, [1799]) communimacula ([Denis & Idaea obsoletaria (Rambur, 1833) Schiffermüller], 1775) Idaea sylvestraria (Hübner, [1799]) conversa (Esper, 1783) Idaea trigeminata (Haworth, [1809]) (Esper, [1787]) Isturgia arenacearia ([Denis & ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Fig. 2b) Schiffermüller], 1775) Isturgia murinaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], Catocala nupta (Linnaeus, 1767) 1775) (Esper, [1787]) viridata (Linnaeus, 1758) chalcites (Esper, [1789]) Nychiodes waltheri Wagner, 1919 algira (Linnaeus, 1767) Peribatodes rhomboidaria ([Denis & ostrina (Hübner, [1808]) Schiffermüller], 1775) (Hübner, [1808]) Peribatodes umbraria (Hübner, [1809]) bifasciata (Petagna, 1787) Problepsis ocellata (Frivaldszky, 1845) (Fig. (Fabricius, 1775) 2c) velox (Hübner, [1813]) sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767) tirhaca (Cramer, [1777]) imitaria (Hübner, [1799]) (Fig. 2d) Plecoptera inquinata (Lederer, 1857) Scopula marginepunctata (Goeze, 1781) plumigeralis (Hübner, [1825]) Scopula submutata (Treitschke, 1828) (Fig. 2g)

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Noctua janthina ([Denis & Schiffermüller], Subfamily Forbes, 1954 1775) Micronoctua karsholti (Fibiger, 1997) Polymixis serpentina (Treitschke, 1825) (Fig. 2k) Subfamily Leach, [1815] ni (Hübner, [1803]) famula (Freyer, 1836) Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 Eilema caniolum (Hübner, [1808]) cilium Guenée, 1852 Eilema costalis (Zeller, 1847) Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, [1808]) quadripunctaria (Poda, 1761) (Boisduval, 1833) pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758) Superfamily Pyraloidea Latreille, 1809 Family Noctuidae Latreille, 1809 Family Pyralidae Latreille, 1809 bigramma (Esper, [1790]) Endotricha flammealis ([Denis & (Hübner, [1803]) Schiffermüller], 1775) Agrotis segetum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], Pyralis farinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) 1775) canescens (Duponchel, 1826) Family Latreille, 1810 (Haworth, [1809]) Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833) gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) Duponchelia fovealis Zeller, 1847 Bryophila rectilinea (Warren, 1909) Hellula undalis (Fabricius, 1781) clavipalpis (Scopoli, 1763) Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker, 1859) Caradrina levantina Hacker, 2004 Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel, 1832) (Fig. 2l) rectangula (Fabricius, 1787) Palpita vitrealis (Rossi, 1794) ochsi (Boursin,1941) hyalinalis (Hübner, 1796) oo (Linnaeus, 1758) Pyrausta pauperalis (Staudinger, 1879) Divaena haywardi (Tams, 1926) (Fig. 2h) Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775) (Fig. Egira tibori Hreblay, 1994 2m) Haemerosia renalis (Hübner, [1813]) Udea ferrugalis (Hübner, 1796) armigera (Hübner, [1808]) nubigera Herrich-Schäffer, [1851] Discussion Heliothis peltigera ([Denis & Schiffermüller], As a result of the researches conducted in 1775) Muğla province, 29 butterfly and 104 moth ambigua ([Denis & species were identified in the superfamilies Schiffermüller], 1775) Papilionoidea, Geometroidea, Cossoidea, maura (Linnaeus, 1758) Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, vitellina (Hübner, [1808]) Drepanoidea, Noctuoidea, Pyraloidea and, 31 ([Denis & of them are new recorded (Koçak & Kemal, Schiffermüller], 1775) 2018; Baron, 2019) (Table 1). pronuba (Linnaeus, 1758)

Table 1. Determined species and new record numbers in superfamilies Butterflies Moths Papi Geo Cos Lasio Bomy Drep Noct Pyr Total Determined species 29 28 2 2 6 1 53 12 133 New record 2 16 – – – 1 5 7 31

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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021, 21(1): 21-29 Seven and Yılmaz Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Figure 2. Natural postures and stretched of some adult species: a. , b. Isturgia arenacearia, c. Problepsis ocellata, d. Scopula imitaria, e. Sphinx pinastri, f. Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni, g. Polypogon plumigeralis, h. Noctua haywardi, k. Polymixis serpentina, l. Hydriris ornatalis, m. Spoladea recurvalis

The new discovered two butterfly and trigeminata, Isturgia arenacearia, I. twenty-nine moth species are as follows murinaria, Chlorissa viridata, Nychiodes according to the families: waltheri, Peribatodes umbraria, Scopula Pieridae: Pieris ergane. Hesperiidae: marginepunctata, S. submutata, Stueningia Ochlodes sylvanus. – Geometridae: Ascotis taurica. Drepanidae: Watsonalla uncinula. selenaria, Aspitates ochrearia, Epirrhoe Erebidae: Calymma communimacula, molluginata, Gnophos sartata, Hylaea . Noctuidae: Chersotis fasciaria, Idaea elongaria, I. obsoletaria, I. rectangular, Dicycla oo, Haemerosia renalis.

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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021, 21(1): 21-29 Seven and Yılmaz Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Crambidae: Antigastra catalaunalis, Hellula Acknowledgements undalis, Herpetogramma licarsisalis, We thank Dr. Kesran Akın (University of Hydriris ornatalis, , Bitlis Eren, Turkey) for helping on the Pyrausta pauperalis, Spoladea recurvalis. diagnosis of pyralid moths. We are grateful to Although there have been investigations Turgut Yılmaz, Ragıp Şentürk and Rasim on Noctuoidea and Bombycoidea in Muğla Çetiner (Turkey) for identification of the plant province, studies on Geometroidea and species. Pyraloidea were insufficient. Therefore, most new records have been in these groups. The References Baisch G., Beshkov S., Gelbrecht J., Hacker H., highest number of species are determined Huber K., Kallies A., Kautt P., Löbel H., from Papilionoidea and Geometroidea Lehmann L. & Petersen M. (1998). Bausteine superfamilies (Table 1). However, there is no zur Fauna der Noctuoidea der Türkei. information on the plants of the study area, Esperiana, 6, 213-373. Akyaka Forest Camp, in this research detected Baron T. (2014). Collection Records of 52 natural and 28 cultivated plant taxa (see Noctuoidea and Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera) from a Location near Marmaris in South- introduction) are also mentioned. Western Anatolia, Turkey. Esperiana, 19, Some Lepidoptera caterpillars are of major 263-296. pests and have economic importance (Akıncı Baron T. (2019). A Checklist for the Superfamilies & Kurdoğlu, 2019). Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Noctuoidea, Bombycoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Tams, 1925, which is an oligofag defoliator in Drepanoidea, Axioidea, and pine forests, develops on native and Cossoidea (Lepidoptera) of the Turkish introduced Pinus spp. in the East province of Muğla in south-western Anatolia, Mediterranean, from western Turkey to Israel. Turkey. Entomofauna, 40(2), 325-377. Çanakçıoğlu H. & Mol T. (1998). Orman In Turkey, mainly colonized on P. nigra, P. Entomolojisi Zararlı ve Yararlı Böcekler. brutia brutia, P. halepensis, P. pinea, and P. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Ekolojisi, 1-541. radiata (Çanakçıoğlu and Mol, 1998). The De Bros E. (1991). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der species is detected with high population Lepidopteren-Fauna von Antalya und des density in the study area. lykischen Taurus in der Südwesttürkei. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Ethics Committee Approval Basel, 41(4), 112-135. N/A De Freina J. & Witt T.J. (1987). Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis. Band 1. Peer-review München. De Freina J. & Witt T.J. (1990). Die Bombyces und Externally peer-reviewed. Sphinges der Westpalaearktis. Band 2. München. Author Contributions De Freina J. & Witt T.J. (2001). Die Bombyces und Conceptualization: E.S.; Investigation: Sphinges der Westpalaearktis. Band 3. E.S., N.Y.; Material and Methodology: E.S., München. N.Y.; Supervision: E.S., N.Y.; Visualization: Fibiger M. & Hacker H. (2007). Noctuidae E.S., N.Y.; Writing-Original Draft: E.S.; Europaeae, Vol. 9, Amphipyrinae, , Writing-review&Editing: E.S.; Other: E.S., Eriopinae, Xyleninae (part). Sorø. N.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the Fibiger M. (1990). Noctuidae Europaeae, v.1, published version of manuscript. I. Sorø. Fibiger M. (1993). Noctuidae Europaeae, v.2,

Noctuinae II. Sorø. Conflict of Interest Fibiger M. (1997a). Noctuidae Europaeae, v.3, The authors have no conflicts of interest to Noctuinae III. Sorø. declare. Fibiger M. (1997b). Micronoctua karsholti n.gen. et n.sp.: An astonishingly small noctuid moth Funding (Noctuidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 20, 23- The authors declared that this study has 30. received no financial support. Fibiger M., Ronkay L., Steiner A. & Zilli A. (2009). Noctuidae Europaeae, v.11,

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