FISHERIES AND ENVIRONMENT CANADA

INDEX

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES

VOLUMES 1-6

ESTUARY WORKING GROUP

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

REGIONAL BOARD PACIFIC REGION

By ADELLE J. LEANEY and NEAL M. CARTER*

Under the Direction of Dr. M. Waldichuk

Fisheries and Marine Service

Pacific Environment Institute

West Vancouver, B.C.

MARCH 1,1979

* Deceased March 15,1978. PREFACE

This INDEX concludes the review of work on 7 of indexing of its various publications. He was respon the estuaries of British Columbia commenced in 1974. sible for two index volumes,"Index and List of Titles, It was decided during the early 1970's by the Estuary Fisheries Research Board of Canada and Associated Working Group of the Regional Board of the Pacific Publications, 1900-1964",and the follow-up one for Region of the Federal Department of Fisheries and the 1965-1972, which brought together all work of the Environment to collate and summarize all the environ Fisheries Research Board and its earlier counterparts mental work that has been conducted on 18 "critical" from 1900 to 1972. He provided annual indexes for the estuaries of the province. The selected estuaries Journal of the Fisheries Research Board after 1972 consist of the Fraser, Squamish, Skeena, Kitimat, until 1977, when finally at the age of 75 he felt it Indian, Homathko, Wannock and Bella Coola on the was time he retired from indexing. British Columbia mainland coast and the Cowichan, Chemainus, Nanaimo, Campbell, Courtenay, Somass, Dr. Neal M. Carter was also a yery avid Quatse, Salmon, Gold and Nimpkish on Vancouver mountaineer. From his student days as an active Island. They were chosen on the basis of living participant in the Varsity Outdoor Club in the Uni resource potential and threat from development. versity of British Columbia through his many years as Their locations are shown on the cover of this volume. a member of the B.C. Mountaineering Club and the The Special Estuary Series, the first 6 volumes of Alpine Club of Canada, Dr. Carter climbed many moun which are indexed here for authors and subject matter, tains in western Canada. He did this in part for have been comparatively widely distributed in major recreation, but true to his character, he felt that academic libraries of the province, as well as in something more tangible than recreation should be de reference holdings of governmental, educational and rived from these alpine pursuits. Accordingly, he private environmental establishments. always carried basic survey instruments on these ex peditions to enable him to conduct some mapping. His When this INDEX was initiated in 1976, Dr. Neal early engineering training helped in this regard. Dr. M. Carter was contracted to do the work. Unfortunate Carter was also credited with carrying out some of ly, he was unable to continue after indexing the the earliest photogrammetric surveying of B.C.'s first volume in the Series. However, he was able to coastal mountains. For his contributions to mountain guide Adelle J. Leaney in carrying on the indexing exploration, Dr. Carter was made an Honorary Life of further volumes. Member of the Alpine Club of Canada.

Dr. Carter was well qualified to index scienti Dr. Neal Marshall Carter passed away after an fic works. He had had a brilliant scientific career active and productive career on March 15, 1978, while following the acquisition of his Ph.D. in Biochemis vacationing in the Caribbean and engaging in some re try at McGill University, with: a post-doctoral fel creational diving among coral reefs. He will be long lowship in Germany; several years at the Pacific Bio remembered not only for his contributions to science logical Station in Nanaimo, conducting the first and to mountaineering, but also for his friendly oceanographic work on the Pacific Coast of Canada, nature and his remarkable ability to provide encour including the earliest publications on fjords of agement in counselling people, particularly students British Columbia; Director of the Pacific Fisheries and young scientists, on many matters. We owe him a Experimental Station of the Fisheries Research Board great deal for fostering scientific research in the in Prince Rupert, and later in Vancouver; and finally, marine environment and in fisheries on the Pacific Associate Editor of the Journal of the Fisheries Re Coast of Canada. It is a pleasure to acknowledge his search Board of Canada. He also edited for many years enthusiastic participation in the preparation of this the Fisheries Research Board's Progress Reports of INDEX, one of the last technical projects in which the Pacific Coast Stations, which were designed to he was involved. inform fishermen and interested lay persons on current research work in fisheries. Following retirement in 1962, Dr. Carter continued assisting the Office of the M. Waldichuk Editor of the Fisheries Research Board in Ottawa with 11

* Members of the Estuary Working Group, Fisheries and Environment Canada, Regional Board Pacific Region

Dr.CD. McAllister (Chairman) Resource Services Branch Fisheries and Marine Service Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C.

Dr. M. Waldichuk Mr. W.L. Kreuder Resource Services Branch Inland Waters Directorate Fisheries and Marine Service Environmental Management Service Pacific Environment Institute 502-1001 West Pender Street West Vancouver, B.C. Vancouver, B.C.

Mr. T. Bird Mr. J. Millen Resource Services Branch Ecological Protection Group Fisheries and Marine Service Environmental Protection Service 1090 West Pender Street Kapilano 100 - Park Royal Vancouver, B.C. West Vancouver, B.C.

Mr. W. Schouwenburg Mr. D.G. Schaefer Resource Services Branch Scientific Services Fisheries and Marine Service Atmospheric Environment Service 1090 West Pender Street 739 West Hastings Street Vancouver, B.C. Vancouver, B.C.

Mr. R. Wills Mr. D. Trethewey (Secretary) Ocean and Aquatic Sciences Canadian Wildlife Service Institute of Ocean Sciences Environmental Management Service Patricia Bay, P.O. Box 6000 P.O. Box 340 Sidney, B.C. Delta, B.C.

Dr. D.S. Lacate Mr. L. Retfalvi Lands Directorate, Pacific Region Canadian Wildlife Service Environmental Management Service Environmental Management Service 1001 West Pender Street P.O. Box 340 Vancouver, B.C. Delta, B.C.

Mr. M. Romaine Mr. B. Pendergast Lands Directorate, Pacific Region Fish and Wildlife Branch Environmental Management Service Ministry of Recreation and Conservation 1001 West Pender Street Parliament Buildings Vancouver, B.C. Victoria, B.C.

Dr. J.L. Luternauer Mr. D. Tillapaugh Geological Survey of Canada Marine Resources Branch Department of Energy, Mines Ministry of Recreation and Conservation and Resources Parliament Buildings Institute of Ocean Sciences Victoria, B.C. Patricia Bay, P.O. Box 6000 Sidney, B.C.

All members are from the Canada Department of Fisheries and Environment, except the representative of the Geological Survey of Canada and the provincial representatives who are from the British Columbia Ministry of Recreation and Conservation. iii

INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

SYMBOLS

The symbols listed below indicate the following:

designates volume from which information cited (see page.1V' 48 designates page on which information is cited IBO: means mentioned In Bibliography Only (344) indicates a bibliographic reference source

EXAMPLES

5: 76, 77, 80(257) referenced information located in Volume 5, on pages 76, 77 and 80 and referenced in the bibliography of that volume on page 257.

1:213, 239(475, 479); 2:IB0:(329, 333, 334) relevant information cited in Volume 1 on pages 213 and 239, and referenced in bibliography of that volume on pages 475 and 479. Additional source information may be found in the bibliography of Volume 2 on pages 329, 333 and 334.

NOTE

1 - "re" is often used in the index references to imply "in relation to", etc. 2 - All authors mentioned in the Special Estuary Series are indexed. However, it should be noted, that in the present index the primary author has not been specified. 3 - During preparation of the Index, errors in the spelling of some names mentioned in Special Estuary Series volumes have been noticed. The authors of this Index have attempted to correct these wherever possible.

P. 1 Abbott-Smith, K.B instead of Abbot-Smith, as in text,

P.14 Aro, K.V. instead of Aro, K.U., as in text,

P.27 Blackbourn, D.J. instead of Blackbourne, D.J., as in text, Blackbourn, J. instead of Blackbourne, J., as in text,

P.44 Sambucus instead of Sambaccust as in text 6:201.

P.54 Cirsium instead of Cirscium, as in text 1:281.

4 - Organisms are listed alphabetically by genus and then by the specific name. Common names, when given, refer the reader to the scientific names. IV

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES

No. 1 The Fraser River Estuary Status of Environmental Knowledge to 1974.

No. 2 The Squamish River Estuary Status of Environmental Knowledge to 1974.

No. 3 The Skeena River Estuary Status of Environmental Knowledge to 1975.

No. 4- The Cowichan-Chemainus River Estuaries Status of Env.ironmental Knowledge to 1975.

No. 5 The Nanaimo River Estuary Status of Environmental Knowledge to 1976.

No. 6 The Kitimat River Estuary Status of Environmental Knowledge to 1976.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank Rose Dawson and Colleen Yuen for their painstaking

efforts in typing,, proof-reading and correcting this Index

prior to its printing. Aba Ace

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Acarina (mites and ticks) (see also Acarinid sp.) 65 (as food of salmon fry) 65 (water mite pollution tolerance) 65, 69 (water mites of Lakelse Lake, Babine Abalone (see Haliotus) Lake & Morrison Lake) 6:183 (in species list) Abarenicola pacifica (polychaete) 1:263; 4:192 (in species list) Acarinid sp. (Acarinid, unspecified) 4:145 (re heavy metal & chlorinated hydrocarbon 2:200 (in species list) concentrations) Acartia (calanoid copepods) Abbotsford 1:272 (in species list)) 1: 40 (winds at airport) (A. clausi 2: 82 (A. sp. adults re micro-zooplankton) :198 sp. (in species list)) Abbott-Smith, K.B. (A. 3:IB0:(325) (data record re north Pacific oceanographic survey) Acartia longiremis 1: 94 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near or in Fraser River estuary) Abercrombie, M. 3: 76 (habitats) 4:IB0:(263) (biology dictionary) :212 (in species list) Abies amabilis (balsam fir; lovely fir) 1:288; 3:234; 5:183; 6:202 (in species list) Acartia sp. (copepod, unspecified) 3:109 (coastal western hemlock biogeoclimatic zone) 3:212 (in species list) 5:100; 6: 91 (habitat) (Cooper's hawk) :101; 6: 91 (subalpine forest associations) Accipiter cooperii 1:168, 299 (habitat; predation on passerine birds; etc.) Abies grandis (grand fir) 1:288; 4:215; 5:183 (in species list) :328 (1970 raptor census, by delta areas) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-moss, Douglas fir-swordfern 2:211; 4:217; 5:186 (in species list) 4:122 (regional inhabitant) & red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair fern 5:109 (nesting habitat) associations) 94, 96, 100; 6: 91 (habitat) (goshawk) 100 (abundance) Accipiter gentilis 100; 6: 91 (forest associations) 1:168, 299 (habitat; predation on passerine bi rds; etc.) Abies lasiocarpa (Pacific silver fir) :328 (1970 raptor census, by delta areas) 2:108 (common in Pacific silver fir-western 2:211; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 4:122 (regional inhabitant) hemlock subzone) :208; 3:234; 6:202 (in species list) 5:109 (nesting habitat) 3:112 (coastal forest component) 6:107 (seasonal occurrence; possible nesting :116 (montane community component) habitats) 5:101 (subalpine abundance & habitat) 6:100, 101 (abundance; community position) Accipiter striatus (sharp-shinned hawk) 1:168, 299 (habitat; predation on passerine birds; etc.) Abies sp. (fir, unspecified) 2:144 (second growth stands) :328 (1970 raptor census, by delta areas) :208 (in species list) 2:211; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 4:122 (inhabit region) 6:107 (seasonal occurrence re nesting) Abietinaria sp. 2:186 (in species list) Accipitrid sp. (raptor, unspecified) 2:212 (in species list) Ablabesmyia sp. 6:187 (in species list) Acer circinatum (vine maple) 1:288; 2:208; 3:233; 6:200 (in species list) Abundance (see also Census) 1:293-317 (relative, of estuary birds, by species) 2:108 (common in Douglas fir-western hemlock :319-323 (as above, for mammalian species) subzone) 6: 96, 99 (abundance; community position) Acanthis flammea (common redpoll) 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) Acer dasycarpum (silver maple) 2:215; 4:222; 6:217 (in species list) 1:288 (in species list)

Acanthodloris (gastropod) Acer ginnala (Manchurian maple) 4:194 (in species list) 1:288 (in species list)

Acantholithodes hispidus Acer glabrum (Douglas maple) 4:194 (in species list) 3:234; 6:208 (in species list)

Acari Acer macrophyllum (broadleaf maple) 6: 71 (re planktonic associations) 1:129 (on sloping estuarial areas) 2:108 (common in Douglas fir-western hemlock subzone) :111 (Ribes-Oplopanax &Symphoricarpos ecosystem types) Ace Act

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Acer macrophyllum (broadleaf maple) (cont'd) Aclc0vni3n EA 2:208; 3:239; 4:215; 5:183 (in species list) 5:IB0:(233) (Koppen classification of North 4:112 (re Douglas fir-moss & Douglas fir-swordfern American climate) associations) 5: 94 (alluvial habitat) Acmaea digitalis (limpet) 3: 74 (in species list) Acer palmatum (Japanese maple) :202 (in species list) 1:288 (1n species list) Acmaea pelta (limpet) Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple) 3: 68 (in Porpoise Harbour &Wainwright Basin) 1:288 (in species list) :202 (in species list) Acer sp. (maple, unspecified) Acmaea persona (limpet) 5: 16, 17 (habitats; dominance with respect to 3:202; 4:194 (in species list) soil types) Acmaea scutala (limpet) Aceracae (maple family) (see also Acer) 3:202 (in species list) 6:200 (in species list) Acmaea scutum (limpet) Acheson, S. 3: 74 (habitat) 4:IB0:(263) (southwestern Gulf of Georgia report) :202 (in species list) 5:133 (270) (archaeological sites) Acmaea sp. (limpet, unspecified) Achillea millefolium (yarrow) 2:189; 6:189 (in species list) 1:145 (Boundary Bay) 3:xxiv, 157 (habitat) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone : 69, 73 (inhabit red liquor discharge cove & vegetation) Kitson Island intertidal zone) :114 (grass-forb meadow component; headland flora) : 70 (pollution tolerance) :227; 4:212; 5:180, 181, 183; 6:201 (in species 6: 70 (intertidal species) list) 4: 23, 108 (Chemainus salt marsh vegetation) Acmaeidae (limpet) 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) 3:202 (in species list)

Achnanthes sp. (diatom) Acmaea cassis olympica (limpet) 2:206; 3:220 (in species list) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) :194 (in species list) Achyls triphylla (may-leaves) 4:112, 113 (Douglas fir-swordfern, western red Acmaea mitra (limpet) cedar-grand fir-maidenhair fern 4:194 (in species list) associations) Acmaea scutum pintadina (limpet) Acids; Acidity (see also pH) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) 1:212; 213 (in some industrial plant effluents) :194 (in species list) :255-257 (routine determination locations for, in river basin, re water quality) Acres, H.G. 2:162 (in chlor-alkali plant effluents) 5:IB0:(270) (Nanaimo River water power developments) Acids, fatty 1:200, 211 (sodium salts of unsaturated, re Acres, H.G. and Company Limited toxicity of pulp mill wastes) 35(261) (Jesse Lake water levels) 173(261) (information source) Acids, organic (see also Resin acids) IB0:(274) (preliminary study of Kitimat mill 1:248, 249, 251 (as atmospheric pollutants; water supply) sources; effects) Acres Western Limited Acila (clams) (see also Nucula) 6: 33(261) (freshwater input to Minette Bay) 1:264; 3:203; 4:195 (A. castrensis (in species : 43(261) (log storage & Minette Bay list)) modifications) :IB0:(263) (re Kitimat mill water supply) Acipenser medirostris (green sturgeon) 1:275; 2:215; 5:173 (in species list) Acridotheres cristatellus (crested myna) 5:190 (in species list) Acipenser transmontanus (white sturgeon) 1:102, 113(425) (in Fraser River mainstem & Acrochaetium pacificum (intertidal alga) tributaries) 5:179 (in species list) :113 (semi-migratory from Thompson vicinity to river estuary; mercury levels in) Acroneuria sp. (common stonefly, unspecified) :113(425) (food) 6:185 (in species list) :122 (exploitation; catches) :IB0:(425) (age; growth; yield) Actaea arguta :(428) (lower mainland reports) 3:227 (in species list) 3:215 (in species list) Act Agr

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Actea rubra (baneberry) Aequorea aequorea (jellyfish) 6: 98, 99 (re species associations) 4: 79 (range; season of abundance) : 99 (forest position) :189 (in species list) :208 (in species list) Aetideus (calanoid copepods) Acteocina (gastropods) 1:273 (A. armatus (in species list)) 1:264 {A. culcitella (in species list)) 3:202 (A. exima (in species list)) Agapetus sp. (caddisfly, unspecified) 4: 74 (A. sp. inhabits Stuart Channel) 6:185 (in species list) :189 (in species list) Agassiz Actinaria 1: 43 (hours of sunshine) 2: 74, 75, 76, 77, 148 (habitats of Metridium : 53 (downstream limit of river boulder & senile) gravel deposition) :187 (M. senile (in species list)) :106 (coho salmon spawning in river mainstem above) :252 (river flow data at) Actitus macularia (spotted sandpiper) :254 (river sediment load & types at) 1:302 (food) :302; 4:120; 6:105 (habitat) Agelaius phoeniceus (red-winged blackbird) 2:212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) 3:xxiv, 119; 4:120 (nesting sites) 2:215; 3:240; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) 5:106 (seasonal estuarine inhabitant) 6:105 (frequency of occurrence) Ages, A.B. 1: 61(379) (numerical model of Fraser River Adams, E.C.W.. estuary re river discharge, tide levels 1:IB0:(472, 480) (Delta Municipality sewage & effects of Strait of Georgia) treatment) :IB0:(381) (salinity & temperature in delta region of river) Adams, J.R. :(382) (five reports on oceanographic records 1:102(409) (parasites of some non-migratory of Strait of Georgia & Juan de Fuca Fraser River fishes) Strait) :106(409) (parasites of Salmon River coho 2: 48(270, 271) (data used in numerical modelling salmon smolts) of Howe Sound seasonal circulation) 2:IB0:(292); 3:IB0:(349) (parasitism re mainland 5: 43(239) (Strait of Georgia tide & current B.C. freshwater fishes) numerical/hydrodynamic study)

Adenocaulon bicolor (silver green) Aghardiella tenera(red alga) 3:227 (in species list) 3:222 (in species list) Agonopsis emmelane (willow-tail or northern Adenoides eludens (dinoflagellate) spearnose poacher) 1:260 (in species list) 2: 85 (estuarine resident) :201 (in species list) Adercotryma glomerata 1:258 (in species list) Agonus acipenserinus (sturgeon poacher) 1:275; 3:215; 4:207; 5:173 (in species list) Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair fern) 3:227; 6:207 (in species list) Agri culture (see also Animal (farm) production; 4:113 (abundance re red cedar-grand Farming; Land use) fir-maidenhair fern associations) 1: 128, 130, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141 (re soil & vegetation of delta area) Adontorhina (bivalve) 181-184 (total acreage & acreages by uses) 4:196 (A. sp. (in species list)) 182 (map of delta areas used for) 183 (types of crops) Aechmophorus occidentalis (western grebe) 183, 185 (economic problems re urban development) 1:293 (food) 209-211 (waste disposal problems) :293; 2:118; 5:108 (habitat) 210 (water pollution by leaching of fertilizers 2:118 (distribution; population dynamics; used) numbers; estuarine movements) 210 (toxicity of pesticide residues) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) IB0:(454-472); 2:IB0:(321-327); 3:IB0:(380-385); 4:121 (status; seasonal abundance; nesting & 4:IB0:(305-310); 5:IB0:(270-278); wintering habitats) 6:IB0:(274-279)(bibliography including) 5:108 (abundance; flock size) :(455); 2:IB0:(321); 3:IB0:(380); 4:IB0:(305); 6:107 (estuarine sightings) 5:IB0:(271) (soil capability classi fication) Aegolius acadieus (saw-whet owl) :(458, 474); 2:IB0:(322, 329) (environmental 1:306 (habitat; food; etc.) implications) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:188 (in species list) :(464, 470) (lower mainland farming) 132 (dyking modifications re) Aeolidia papillosa (gastropod) xxv (in the Cowichan-Chemainus region) 4:194 (in species list) 6, 8, 9, 10, 11; 6: 5 (historical significance) 9, 141; 5: 94, 122; 6:129 (crops) 140 (ownership & farm sizes) 140; 5: 94 (locations) Agr 4. Ale

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Agriculture (cont'd.) 3:113 (understory component of the foreshore- :141 (revenue; percentage population farming) coastal forest transition zone) :142 (flood problems & controls) :114 (hairgrass-sedge zone component) :IB0:(264, 273, 305); 5:IB0:(233, 271) (climate 5:181, 183; 6:204 (in species list) capability classification) 6: 94 (dominance; community position) :(300, 309); 6:IB0:(259) (re B.C.) : 16, 17 (crop cultivation in Qualicum, Haslam, Ahmad, N. Bowser, Chemainus & Cassidy soil 1:IB0:(355) (physical & chemical properties of complexes) lower valley stony marine clays) : 28, 29 (climatological requirements) : 29 (crops suited to Nanaimo region) Ahnfeltia sp. (red alga, unspecified) :121 (districts; conditions influencing 6: 95 (deltaic habitat) suitability of) :122 (history; importance; abundance; farm Ahti, T. acreage; economic value; horticultural 1:IB0:(435) (B.C. lichens - checklist) district; honey production-site; value) IB0:(233) (suitable climates) Air Pollution (see Pollution, atmospheric) 4 (sites) 128 (limitations) Aira praecox (early hair grass) 129 (climate; produce; marketability; economic 1:280; 4:211 (in species list) viability) IB0:(260) (northern) Aircraft Exhaust Emissions 1:249 (table of types & amounts of, as Agropyron canium (wheat grass) atmospheric pollutants) 1:280 (in species list) 2:106 (distribution) Airport (see Vancouver International Airport) Agropyron repens (quack grass) Aix sponsa (wood duck) 1:134 (in Boundary & Mud bays saltmarsh) 1:217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) :135 (in delta pasture land) :296 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:106 (distribution) 2:113 (estuarine inhabitant) :207; 5:181 (in species list) :211; 4:217; 5:186 (1n species list) 4:116 (re nesting) Agropyron smithii (western wheat grass) 1:280 (in species list) Alaria marginata (brown alga) 104 (pollution tolerance) Agropyron sp. (bentgrass, unspecified) 105 (habitats of) 5:181 (in species list) 221 (in species list) Agrostis aequivalves (slender bentgrass) Alaria sp. (brown alga, unspecified) 3:115 (muskeg inhabitant) 3:221 (in species list) :227 (in species list) 5: 91(266) (varieties)

Agrostis alba (spiked red top) Alaria tenuifolia (brown alga) 1:280; 5:181 (in species list) 3:221 (in species list) Agrostis diegoensis (bentgrass) Alaska Alkaligrass (see Puccinellia nutkaensis) 3:227 (in species list) Alaska Huckleberry (see Vaccinium alaskaense) Agrostis exarata (bentgrass) 1:131 (on river South Arm islands) Alaska Oniongrass (see Melica subulata) 3:116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation) :227 (in species list) Alauda arvensis (skylark) 4:220 (in species list) Agrostis exarata exarata (creeping bentgrass) 1:280 (in species list) Alberta 1:IB0:(486) (maps) Agrostis idahoensis 3:227 (in species list) Albright, L.J. 1:126(420, 478) (heterotrophic bacteria counts in Agrostis palustris (creeping bentgrass) delta & estuary waters; effects of 1:129 (in grass & forb community of estuary) chlorinated hydrocarbons on such :132 (in bulrush community) bacteria) 5:180 (in species list) :IB0:(479) (factors affecting behaviour of chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural Agrostis semiverticillata (bentgrass) waters & their sediments) 1:131 (in woodland) 6:136(280) (polychlorinated biphenyl levels in :132 (in bulrush communities) Dungeness crabs of Kitimat Arm) Agrostis sp. (bentgrasses, unspecified) Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) 1:135 (in delta pasture land) 2:124 (Squamish estuary sightings) :141, 142 (in cat-tail communities of islands in river's South Arm) Ale Alk

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Alces alces andersoni (British Columbia moose) 1:IB0:(431, 474); 2:IB0:(329); 3:IB0:(387) 122; 6:110 (abundance; habitat) (pollution) 123 (recreational resource potential) :(432); 2:IB0:(305) (re industrial status) IB0:(378) (ecology; management) :(436); 2:101, 102, 103; 4: 25; 6: 92, 95 218 (in species list) (distribution — in lower mainland; in upper regions of Chemainus salt Alces americana (moose) marsh; of blue-green algal mats; 2:218; 3:244 (in species list) intertidal) 3:xxv (inhabit Skeena region) 2: 75 (colonization by encrusting) :100 (regional assemblages of) Alcidae (auklets; auks; murrelets; murres; puffins) :101, 102, 103 (seasonal biomass; coverage; 3:xxiv (auklets &murrelets recorded in estuary) blooms; gross primary production; 5:107, 108 (species utilizing estuary) respiration; river effects; factors effecting west, central & east delta Alcyonaria (see also Leioptilus) algal growth) 2:186 (in species list) :101, 102, 103, 173; 3:105 (species diversity - freshwater; marine) Alcyonidium mytili (bryozoan) :101-104, 129,*173, 174 (benthic - forms; biomass; 4:190 (in species list) production in Mamquam Channel) :129 (habitat) Aldehydes 3:xxiii (adjacent Watson Island pulp mill) 1:247-249, 251 (as atomspheric pollutant; sources; :xxiii, 104 (pollution tolerance) effects) : 71, 105; 4: 25 (abundance — invertebrate; in upper regions of Chemainus salt marsh) Al der :103 (in Ridley Island region) mountain (see Alnus tenuifolia) :115 (sheltered mud-intertidal species) red (see Alnus rubra) 4: 25 (depth of blue-green algal mats) Sitka (see Alnus sinuata) :105 (growth in Quamichan Lake) unspecified (see Alnus sp.) 5:IB0:(261) (Vancouver Island) :(262) (Departure Bay) Alderdice, D.F. 6: 95 (re amphipods) 1:IB0:(407) (effects of low dissolved oxygen levels on Pacific salmon eggs) Algae, brown (see also Porphyra; Pylaiella) 2:IB0:(328) (underyearling tolerance to Kraft 3:xxiii, xxv, 104 (pollution tolerance) mill effluent) :105 (Chatham Sound, Prince Rupert & Porpoise 3:IB0:(386) (effects of Kraft mill effluent on Harbour species) young salmon) 5:140:(279) (re permissible mill effluent Algae, freshwater discharge) 1:146 (filamentaceous, attached to logs in Canoe Pass) Aldrich, J.W. :160 (as food of diving ducks) 1:IB0:(438) (migration of some North American waterfowl) Algae, red 3:xxiii, xxiv, 104 (pollution tolerance; Alectoria jubata abundance; pollution indicator species) 3:223 (in species list) :105 (Chatham Sound, Prince Rupert &Porpoise Harbour species) Alectoria sarmentosa (bearded lichen) 3:223 (in species list) Alisma plantago-aquatica (water plantain) 4:112 (habitat; Douglas fir-salal-lichen 1:142 (in marshes of river's lower South Arm) associations) 3:116 (of lower river mud flats) :223; 6:200 (in species list) Alectrlon mendicus (gastropod) 4:194 (in species list) Alisma triviale (water plantain) 5:180 (in species list) Aleutian Sandpiper 1:IB0:(452); 2:IB0:(319) (winter food habits) Alismataceae (water plantain family) (see also Alisma; Sagittaria) Alexander, G.J. 6:200 (in species list) 1:IB0:(407) (B.C. commercial salmon fisheries) Alkalinity Alfalfa (see Medicago sativa) 1: 57, 58, 59 (levels in estuarine waters) :212 (high, of effluents from laundry Algae (see also Chroaoccus; Cladophora; establishments) Enteromorpha; Hapalosiphin; Lola; Microcleus; :213 (from petrochemical industry wastes) Microspora; Monostrema; Oscillatoria; :255-257 (routine determination localities for Phormidium; Rhizoclonium; Spirogyra; Stigonema; total, in river basin re water quality) Vlothrix; Ulva; Urospora; 2ostera; etc.) 2:162 (high in chlor-alkali plant discharges) 1:134, 146, 147 (of Canoe Pass, Boundary Bay, 6: 56 (vertical distribution) Sturgeon Bank & Iona Island jetty) :200 (phosphate detergent pollution with AT ki 6f respect to blooms) 1:IB0:(454) (recreational classification for :291-292; 3:219; 4:211 (in species list) Boundary Bay) 6. All Alu

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Allaire, L. Alnus sp. (alder, unspecified) 3:IB0:(306) (Kitselas archaeology seen from 1:145 (Boundary Bay forest area) stratified Gitaus site) 2:107 (Squamish deTta) :(306) (mapping & excavations at Kitselas 3:112 (habitat of) Canyon fortress) 6: 92 (position in & location in regeneration forest) Allan, J. 1:IB0:(355) (landslides, washouts & mudflows in Alnus tenuifolia (mountain alder) lower Fraser Valley) 1:129 (on steeply sloped estuarial ground)

Allan, J.A. Alona sp. (cladoceran, unspecified) 5:IB0:(226) (Southern Vancouver Island geology) 4:187 (in species list)

Allan, J.D. Alonso, W. 3:IB0:(342) (effects of Moricetown Falls native 1:IB0:(455) (location & land use) food fishery) Alopecurus aequalis (short-owl foxtail) Allen, J.A. 6:204 (in species list) 3:IB0:(370) (history of North American pinnipeds) :(370) (Pacific Ocean & Bering Sea Phocidae) Alopecurus geniculatus (meadow foxtail) 1:280 (in species list) Allium cepa (onion) 1:280 (in species list) Alosa sapidissima (American shad) 1:102, 112(420) (migratory & spawning habits re Allopla sp. (stonefly, unspecified) Fraser River estuary) 6:184 (in species list) :122 (taken commercially in lower river) :IB0:(420); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(354) (migration Allorchestes angustus (copepod) re water temperature) 3:212 (in species list) :(481) (oxygen requirements; toxicity tolerance) Alluvial Flood Plain Forest 3:215; 4:207 (in species list) 6: 96 (location; species composition; forest 4: 98 (re spawning location) structure ecology of) : 98 (characteristics of alder regeneration Alpine Coastal Zone forest subzone) 2:109 (elevation; boundaries) :103 (aster-alder grasslands re birds) Alpine Tundra Region Alnus rubra (red alder) 2:109 (elevation; subdivision) 1:129, 141 (on dykes & well-drained slopes) :144 (on Shady Island) Alternaria maritima 2:110, 111 (Scoulerieta-Salicetum, Saliceto- 5: 91 (wood inhabiting marine fungi of Nanaimo Populetum, Lonicera-Rubus3 Ribes- region) Oplopanaxt ecosystem types) :208; 3:234; 4:215; 5:181, 183; 6:200 (in Aluminum Company of Canada Limited species list) 6:xvi, xvii, xxvii, 1, 112, 122, 131, 138 (age; 3:xxiv (common in coastal western hemlock size; production methods & levels) biogeoclimatic zone) :xvi, xvii, xxvii, 1, 112, 122, 131, 138(261) :109 (preferred drainage; soil types & locations) (location) :112 (coastal forest component) xvii (air quality monitoring) :113 (floodplain vegetation; successional forest xix, 158, 166, 169 (environmental effects) component; foreshore-coastal forest xxvii, 1, 122 (employment) transition zone vegetation) 7, 161(253, 261, 274, 275, 286) (smelter - :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) design & construction; emissions quality 4:112 (re Douglas fir-moss; Douglas fir-swordfern; & environmental effects study) red cedar-red alder-skunk cabbage : 14 (underlying sedimentary deposits - thickness; associations) composition; site-setting & foundation 5: 17, 76, 94 (habitats; density & dominance investigations; vertical distribution) with respect to soil type) : 27 (sea breeze circulation dynamics) : 17, 76, 94; 6: 94, 96 (abundance) : 30 (percentage frequency wind direction; calms 6: 94, 96 (community position) & mean wind speed by months) : 98 (regeneration forest succession & species :112, 122, 138, 143, 144, 151, 158, 159, 160, dominance; with respect to Sitka alder) 161, 162 (distribution - raw materials; product; fluoride concentrat Alnus sinuata (Sitka alder) ion) 1:131 (on formerly logged estuarial areas) :122(261) (industrial status) 3:113 (successional forest component; foreshore- ;130, 131 (water consumption & supplies) coastal forest transition zone vegetation) 131, 138, 139, 141, 157, 158, 166 (discharge - :234; 6:200 (in species list) waste; sites; mechanisms & relative 6: 94, 98 (abundance; community position) efficiencies) : 98 (habitat) :137 (sewage treatment facilities) :138, 139, 142, 143 (mill wastes) 140, 143 (sampling sites) Alu Amp

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Aluminum Company of Canada Limited (cont'd.) Ameletus sp. (small mayfly, unspecified) 6:143, 144, 151, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162 (fluoride 6:184 (in species list) concentration effects) : 157, 158 (gaseous wastes; dry & wet collection Amer, K. procedures) 3:IB0:(306) (recent archaeological research in :158, 159 (current emission levels; pollution middle Skeena Valley, B.C.) guidelines; remedial measures) :159 (estimated overall emissions data) American Avocet (see Recurvirostra americana) :IB0:(256, 257, 276) (foundations re) :(261) (ice problems re Kitimat River intake) American Fisheries Society :(274) (Kitimat-Kemano five years of 1:IB0:(407) (symposium on estuarine fisheries) operation) :(274, 289) (operational record) American Geological Institute :(275) (history) 1:IB0:(344); 3:IB0:(295, 306); 4:IB0:(263) :(275, 282) (engineering; utilities) (estuaries & estuarine environment) :(282, 285) (air pollution assessments & 2: 20(245) (delta front definition) allegations) 3:278-282 (geological glossary) 4:IB0:(263) (geological dictionary) Aluminum Ion 1:212 (in industrial effluents) American Goldeneye (see Bucephala clangula) 5:133, 144 (concentrations; ecological role; environmental & biological accumulation; American Great Bulrush (see Scirpus validus) distribution) American Merganser (see Mergus merganser) Alvania (gastropod) 1:264; 4:194 U. sp. (in species list)) American Ornithologists' Union 1:IB0:(438) (supplement to North American birds Alveolophragmium columbiensis checkli st) 1:258 (A. columbiensis; A. robustum; A. sp. 4:216(301); 5:185(267); 6:212(273) (avian (in species list)) nomenclature)

Alverson, D.L. American Redstart (see Setophaga ruticilla) 3:IBO:(342) (bathypelagic catch patterns re commercially important groundfish American Shad (see Alosa sapidissima) of the North American Pacific northwest coast) Ammochares fusiformis (polychaete) :(342) (two northeastern Pacific Ocean fish 3:200 (in species list) & fisheries studies) :(342) (results from tagging spawning Petrale Ammocharidae (polychaete) sole (Eopsetta jordani) stocks) 5:IB0:(250) (Nanaimo species; Strait of Georgia :(342) (taxonomic & biological review of the pelagic species) Pacific Ocean perch & its fishery) Ammodytes (probably hexapterus (Pacific sandlance)) Amabilis Fir 1: 96 (unspecified larvae in Strait of Georgia 3:xxiv (common in coastal western hemlock near Fraser River mouth) biogeoclimatic zone) :110 (as food of estuarial cutthroat trout) :116 (as food of dogfish) Amage anops (polychaete) 2: 85 (estuarine resident) 4:192 (in species list) :201; 4:206; 5:173 (in species list) Amaranthus retroflexus (red root pigweed) Ammonia 1:280 (in species list) 1:143 (used by heaths as nitrogen source) :211 (salts in tannery effluents) Amblystegiaceae (moss family) (see also Drepano- :213, 248 (in petrochemical industry effluents) cladus) :214 (production in solid waste disposal areas) 6:200 (Drepanocladus sp. (in species list)) :228, 229 (production in bottom sediments from decay of bethos) Ambystoma gracile decorticatum (British Columbia :247, 248 (sources of, as atmospheric pollutant) salamander) :255-257 (routine determination localities in 1:324 (habitat; food) river basin waters, re water quality) 2:219; 3:224 (in species list) 2:153 (accumulation under anaerobic conditions) Ambystoma gracile gracile (northwestern salamander) Ammotium planissimum 2:219; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (in species list) 1:258 (in species list) Ambystoma macrodactylum (long-toed salamander) Ammotrypane aulogaster (polychaete) 1:324 (habitat; food) 3:200; 4:192; 6:189 (in species list) 2:219; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (in species list) Ampelisca sp. (amphipod, unspecified) Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon berry; June berry; 3:207 (in species list) service berry) 1:287; 4:214; 6:209 (in species list) Ampharete acutifrons (polychaete) 3:200 (in species list) 8. Amp Ana

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Ampharete arctica (polychaete) 2: 81 (Euprimo sp. & other pelagic species 4: 74 (biomass found in Stuart Channel substrates; as food of fish) ecological significance) :174 (Mamquam Channel habitat & population :192 (in species list) fluctuations) 3:xxii (drainage system benthos) Ampharetidae (polychaetes) :xxii , 75 (Allorchestes angustus & Anisogammarus 3:200; 6:189 (in species list) pugettensis noted in Skeena River estuary) 4: 78 (inhabit Cowichan estuary) : 65 (Gammaru8 found in Babine Lake & Morrison Lake) Amphibians : 65, 69 (Hyalella sp. found in Lakelse Lake & 1:323 (as food of mink & skunks) Morrison Lake) :324-325 (list of estuary species; habitat; food) : 67, 68 (Anisogammarus pugettensis in Porpoise 2:219; 3:244; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (in species list) Harbour) : 69, 70, 71 (abundance of) Amphibious Rush (see Juncus oreganus) : 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 157(331); 4:IB0: (290) (habits of) Amphicteis (polychaetes) :IB0: (331, 341, 395) (oxygen requirements) 1:263 (a. sp. (in species 11st)) 4:xxi, 78 (Cowichan River inhabitants; marine 3:200 (A. mucronata; A. scaphabranahiata (in distribution & substrate preferences) species list)) : 74 (inhabit Stuart Channel, Crofton outfall regions & Coffin Island shores) Amphidinum (dinoflagellates) 255 (B.C.) 1:260 (A. bipes; A. klebsii; A. latum; A. IB0; (290); 5:IB0:(254, 255) (freshwater species) massartia; A. semilunatum; A. testudo 70 (intertidal abundance) (in species list)) 71 (planktonic associations) :261 (A. sp. (in species list)) Amphissa columbiana Amphineura (chitons) (see also Polypiacophora) 2:190; 3:203 (in species list) 3: 69 (location of) :202; 4:194; 5:166, 169 (in species list) Amphithoe 1: 91 (A. humeralie in Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh) Amphiodia (serpent or brittle stars) 3:207 (A. sp. (in species list)) 1:269 (A. periereta (in species list)) 4:199 (A. humeralis; A. lacertosa; A. rubricata :269; 4:201 (A. urtica (in species list)) (in species list)) Amphioplus strongyloplax(serpent or brittle star) Amphitrite robusta (polychaete) 4:201 (in species list) 5:169 (in species list)

Amphipholis squamata (serpent or brittle star) Amphuiridae (brittle stars) 3:209 (in species list) 1:269 (unspecified (in species list)) Amphipholis sp. (serpent or brittle star, unspecified] Amylooarpus encephaloides (marine fungus) 4:201 (in species list) 1:278 (in species list)

Amphipoda (see also species lists; referenced Anabaena sp. (blue-green alga, unspecified) hereunder) 3:102 (period of peak abundance) 1: 83 (in river benthos near Mission) :219 (in species list) : 84 (in river near Steveston fish processing plants) Anaphalis margaritacea (pearly everlasting) : 91 (in Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh; as food of 1:280; 5:181, 183; 6:201 (in species list) dunlin in delta) 6: 98 (species associations) : 92 (close to Iona Island sewage plant outfall) : 95 (in Strait of Georgia close to Fraser River Anarrhichthy8 ocellatus (wolf eel) mouth) 2: 86 (estuarine location of) 96 (on Iona Island tidal flats) :201, 215 (in species list) 161, 293 (as food of birds) :222 (re food chain) Anas acuta (pintail) 168, 273; 2:193, 199; 3:207, 213; 4:188, 199; 1:154 (map of major estuarine foreshore areas 5:167, 170; 6:187, 191 (in species list) important to) :IB0:(406); 2:IB0:(290) (new North American 157 (wintering population) west coast species) 157-161, 295 (food; etc.) :xiv (in estuary) 157-161, 295; 6:104 (habitat) :xiv; 6: 71 (habitat of) :IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. status) :xix; 3: 75 (food of salmonids) 113 (estuarine inhatitant) : 70 (Corophium sp., Anisogammarus; others found 114 (east delta location) in west, central & Mamquam delta :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) intermediate zones) 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) : 72 (as flounder food) 4:116 (re nesting) : 78 (pelagic forms observed in Britannia :126; 5:112 (re hunting) Beach area) 5:104 (abundance) : 80 (dominate channel mouth zooplankton) 6:104 (associated species) : 81 (Cyphocaris challengerii observed 1n deep water) Ana And

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Anas americana (American wigeon) 4:116 (re nesting) 1:154 (map of major estuary foreshore areas :126; 5:112 (re hunting) important to) 5:104 (abundance) :157 (wintering population) 6:104 (species associations) :157-161, 291 (food; etc.) :157-161, 291; 6:104 (habitat) Anas rubripes (black duck) :IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(376); 5:IB0:(268) 2:IB0:(315); 3:IB0:(374) (wintering habitat) (B.C. status) 2:113 (estuarine inhabitant) Anas strepera (gadwall) :114 (central delta location) 1:295 (habitat; food; etc.) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:212 (in species list) 2:210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 4:116 (re nesting) 4:116 (re nesting) 5:104 (abundance; dietary preferences) 5:104 (abundance) 6:104 (associated species) Anchovy (see Engraulis mordax) Anas carolinensis (green-winged teal) 1:IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. status) Anderson, A.D. 2:113 (estuarine inhabitant) 1:IB0:(407) (chum salmon stocks in Johnstone :210; 3:236 (in species list) Strait & Fraser River estuary) 4:116 (nesting sites) 4: 89(291) (chum salmon escapement) :126 (re hunting) Anderson, B.C. Anas clypeata (northern shoveler) 3:IB0:(319) (physical limnological measurements 1:296 (habitat; food; etc.) at Babine & Nilkitkwa lakes) 2:113 (estuarine inhabitant) :114 (central delta location) Anderson, D.V. :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:212 (in species list) 3:IB0:(385) (Wanderhoof West socio-economic study) 4:116 (re nesting) 5:104 (abundance) Anderson, E.P. 4:151(311) (effects of zinc on Pacific oysters) Anas crecca (common teal) :152(284) (location of affected Pacific oysters) 1:154 (map of major estuary foreshore areas :IB0:(278) (condition & zinc concentrations of important to) Crofton region oysters) :157 (foreshore population) :157-161, 296 (food; etc.) Anderson, F.M. :157-161, 296; 6:104 (habitat) 4:IB0:(266) (Upper Cretaceous Pacific coast geology) :158 (wintering population) 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) Anderson, J.P. 5:104 (abundance) 3:IB0:(365) (flora of Alaska & adjacent Canadian :112 (re hunting) areas) 6:104 (associated species) Anderson, L.S. Anas cyanoptera (cinnamon teal) 5: 48(238) (toxic dinoflagellates of Nanaimo 1:296 (habitat; food; etc.) estuary) 2:113 (estuarine inhabitant) :IB0:(249) (toxic shellfish in B.C.) :114 (east delta location) :211; 4:216; 5:186 (in species list) Anderson, W.J. 4:116 (nesting sites) 1:IB0:(441) (mockingbird at Vancouver) 3:IB0:(380) (Prince George-Smithers, B.C., land Anas discors (blue-winged teal) settlement study) 1:296 (food; etc.) :296; 6:104 (habitat) Anderson's Holly Fern (see Polystichum andersonii) 2:211; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 4:116 (re nesting) Andrenidae (hemipterans) 6:104 (associated species) 1:267 (in species list) Anas penelope (European wigeon) Andrew, F.J. 2:211; 3:236; 4:217; 5:186 (in species list) 1:108(407) (dams & other factors affecting 4:116 (re nesting) spawning; hatching; emergence & 5:104 (abundance) migration of Fraser River sockeye :112 (re hunting) salmon) :IB0:(407) (sockeye smolts migration speed in Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) Shuswap system) 1:157 (wintering population) :(407); 3:IB0:(343) (problem of guiding :157-161, 295(448) (food; etc.) downstream migrant salmon at dams) :157-161, 295(448); 6:104 (habitat) :1B0:(448); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. status) Andrews, E.A. :(451); 2:IB0:(319); 3:IB0:(378) (behaviour 5:IB0:(249) (B.C. Ciliata & Heterotricha) ecology) 2:113 (estuarine inhabitant) Andrews, R.J. :123 (scavenging associates) 5: 67(266) (tree damage in Alcan smelter vicinity) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) : 69(266) (defoliation re spruce budworm 3:xxiv, 118 (nests in estuary area) infestations) 10. Ann And

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX 2: 80, 149 [A, pugettensis noted in Mamquam Andromeda polyifolia (bog rosemary) Channel log booms) 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) :193, 199 (A. ramellus (in species list)) :227; 6:203 (in species list) :193, 199; 3:207, 213 {a, locustoides (in species list)) Andru, P. 2:134(321) (use of delta as port) 3: 72 (habitats of A. sp. &A. locustovdes) :135(321) (development possibilities of 6: 71 (planktonic associations) Squamish delta) : 72, 79, 81 (as salmonid food resource) :137(321) (dyke additions &re-evaluation) : 95 (biotic interactions) :138(321) (recreational use of Howe Sound) Anisogammarus confervicolus 2:xix, 66, 67, 68 (abundance) Aneides ferrus (clouded salamander) : 66, 67, 68 (distribution; age; structure) 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) :66, 67, 68(286); 3:xxii, 77; 6: 73 (habitat) Angeli ca : 68 (food) (see Angelica genuflexa) : 70 (pollution tolerance) kneeling : 80 (re drift organisms) seacoast (see Angelica lucida) :193, 199; 3:207; 4:188; 5:167; 6:191 (in species unspecified (see Angelica sp.) list) Angelica genuflexa (kneeling angelica) 6: 73 (associations; dominance) 1:280; 6:210 (in species list) : 74 (with respect to salmonid feeding habits) Angelica lucida (sea-watch; seacoast Angelica) Ankistrodeamus sp. (green alga, unspecified) 1:280; 3:227; 4:212; 6:210 (in species list) 3:102 (period of peak abundance) 3:113 (foreshorercoastal forest transition zone :219 (in species list) vegetation) :114 (grass-forb meadow flora; headland flora) Annacis Channel :115 (upper beach flora) 1: 4, 11, 18 (geography) :116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation; : 18 (percent of main river flow) shrub-forb zone vegetation) : 18, 19 (sediment load) :194 (navigational use) Angelica sp. (Angelica, unspecified) :195 (industrial use of waterfront sites) 4:212 (in species list) Annacis Island Angotti, R. 1:148 (downstream limit of freshwater fungi) 1:IB0:(484); 3:IB0:(396) (natural decay from :202, 205, 206, 341 (sewage treatment plant) immersed wood particles) :337, 339, 340 (scheduled diversion of discharges 2:149(338) (wood particle decay & generation from various industries to above treatment of gases) plant)

Angulogerina Annelida (see also Oligochaeta; Polychaeta) 1:259 (A. angulosa; A, semitrigona (in species 1:262-263, 271; 2:188, 197; 3:198, 211; 4:190; list)) 5:166, 169; 6:185, 188 (in species list) Animal (farm) production Annieville Channel 1:136 (hay grown on Sea Island) 1:193 (proposed widening & deepening to reduce :183 (acreages used for cattle, horses, poultry, silting & allow year-round use of docks) sheep, swine & mink for breeding; ducks & geese; turkeys; farm-reared game birds) Annual Bluegrass (see Poa annua)

Anisodonta (gastropod) Annual Reports 4:196 sp. (in species list)) 1:IB0:(344); 2:IB0:(245); 3:IB0:(295) (Fisheries (A. Service, Department of Environment) (gastropod) :(344); 2:IB0:(245); 3:IB0:(295) (Marine Anisodoris nobilis Sciences Branch, Pacific Region) 5:169 (in species list) :(344); 2:IB0:(245>; 3:IB0:(295) (Marine Anisogammarus (amphipods) Sciences Directorate,Pacific Region) 1:268 (A. confervicolus-, juvenile A. sp. (in :(344); 2:IB0:(247); 3:IB0:(297) (Pacific species list)) Environment Institute) :268; 2:193, 199; 3:207, 213 (A. pugettensis :(344, 413); 2:IB0:(245, 291); 3:IB0:(295, (in species list)) 343) (Fisheries Cultural Development 2: 68 (A. confervicolus, A. ramellus, Branch) A. locustoides, A. pugettensis located :(344, 413); 2:IB0:(245, 291); 3:IB0:(295, in delta tidal flats) 343); 4:IB0:(292) (Research Develop 68, 69 (distribution; abundance) ment Branch, Pacific Region) 68, 69; 6: 71 (habitat) :(346, 413); 2:IB0:(247, 291); 3:IB0:(297, 69 (A. pugettensis common in Mamquam Channel) 343) (Department of Fisheries and 70 (found in central delta, intermediate zone) Forests) 71 (benthic food source for estuarine fish) :(354, 379) (Westwater Research) 72 (as food of sculpins & herring) :(373) (Fraser River Board) 72, 149 (chinook, coho & chum salmon food ;(384, 389); 2:IB0:(273, 276); 3:IB0:(327, 330) (Institute of Oceanography, resource) University of British Columbia) 11. Ann Ano

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Annual Report (cont'd.) 1:IB0:(408) (annual report of International Pacific 1:IB0:(408); 2:IB0:(291); 3:IB0:(343); 6:IB0:(268) Salmon Fisheries Commission) (Canadian Department of Environment) (408) (three reports on fisheries problems :(408, 418); 2:IB0:(291, 292) (International re proposed Moran Dam on Fraser River) Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission) (430) (Totem Park, University of B.C.) :(413); 2:IB0:(291); 3:IB0:(343) (Conservation (438) (outline for ecological life history & Protection Branch, Pacific Region) studies of marine mammals) :(467) (North Fraser Harbour Commissioners) (438) (Boundary Bay bird life) 2:IB0:(245) (Task Force) (452) (flood control re hydro-electric power :(245); 3:IB0:(295) (Estuary Working Group) in Fraser River basin) :(248) (Greater Vancouver Regional District) (452) (electric energy resources of B.C. & :(255); 5:IB0:(225, 271); 6:IB0:(255) (B.C. future power supply) Minister of Mines) (472) (sewerage & drainage of Greater :(295); 3:IBO:(348); 4:IB0:(292); 6:IB0:(381) Vancouver area) (Fisheries & Marine Service) (472, 473) (four reports on environmental 3:IB0:(322) (Pacific Biological Station) problems of lower Fraser River & :(324) (Canadian Hydrographic Service) Strait of Georgia) :(328, 331, 347, 355) (Skeena Salmon :(484) (three references to Geological Survey Management Committee) maps of Vancouver area) :(360) (Babine Watershed Program) 78(280) (unpublished data; presence of decapod 5:IB0:(275) (Nanaimo Harbour Commission) shrimp & polychaete) 6:IB0:(255, 257, 269, 273, 276, 284) (Butedale 85(291) (unpublished data; some Squamish River Subdistrict) estuary fish species) :(255, 268, 273, 274) (Kitimat District No. 7) 94(291, 294) (economic position of commercial fisheries) Anobothrus gracilis (polychaete) 149(328) (unpublished data; loss of herring 3:200 (in species list) spawning habitat in Mamquam Channel) IB0:(245) (two annual reports of Marine Sciences Anodonta beringiana (bivalve) Directorate, Pacific Region) 4:186 (in species list) (245) (report to Squamish Task Force meeting, (DOE section)) (245); 3:IB0:(295) (various annual reports of Anomeoneis sp. Fisheries Cultural Development Branch, 2:205 (in species list) Research Development Branch, Pacific Reptantia) Region, Fisheries Service, Marine Anomura (see also Science Branch, Pacific Region) 3:208 (in species list) (263) (unpublished data; precipitation data Anonymous re Squamish & Indian Arm) 1:104(408) (salmon spawning grounds below Hope & (269) (eight reports on B.C. inlet of Harrison River re dredging of oceanographic cruises) shipping channels) (269); 3:IB0:(322) (report on oceanographic :105(408) (age of chinook salmon fry when Pacific cruise) beginning seaward migration) (280) (underwater reconnaissance of Mamquam :106(408) (young chinook salmon abundance & feed Blind Channel) ing in main arm of Fraser River delta) (291) (annual report of Canadian Department :106(408) (coho salmon spawning & seaward of Environment) emergence in Fraser River mainstem) (291) (two annual reports of Department of :108(408) (sockeye salmon) Fisheries and Forests) :109(409) (river discharge re sockeye smolt (291) (annual report of Conservation & survival on downstream migration) Protection Branch) :190(455) (six reports on land use & beaches (291); 3:IB0:(343) (Fisheries Research Board of delta) paper re B.C. salmon fishery) :198 (proposal for reclamation of Boundary Bay (291, 292) (four annual reports of Internat foreshore for industrial use) ional Pacific Salmon Fisheries :IB0:(344) (various annual reports of Canada Commission) Department of Fisheries & (304) (unpublished data; gross primary Environment Branches) production & biomass) :(344); 2:IB0:(245) (brief on B.C. estuaries) (310); 3:IB0:(370) (marine mammal ecological :(355) (sediment grain size analysis) life history studies) :(372) (status of forest products air dis (321) (coastal marine parks & resources charges in Greater Vancouver & mapping) surrounding municipalities) (321); 3:IB0:(370) (report re present & :(372) (Fraser River flood control program future hydro-electric power supply) guide) (321); 3:IB0:(370) (land capability :(391); 2:IB0:(278); 3:IB0:(322) (publication classification for forestry) list for research by Dr. D.B. Quayle) (321); 3:IB0:(380) (soil capability for :(407) (multiple use of salmon rivers) agriculture) :(407); 2:IB0:(291); 3:IB0:(343); 4:IB0:(263) (328) (report of the Task Force on Environ (B.C. salmon fishery) mental problems of the lower Fraser :(408) (examination of Fraser River Indian Strait of Georgia (DOE) parts I& II) fishery) (328) (samples collected from Empire Mills :(408) (five reports on lengths & ages of chi Limited & Mamquam Blind Channel; nook salmon taken in B.C. trawl fish unpublished data) ery & Fraser River gill net fishery) 12 Ano Aph

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Anthemis arveneis (field chamomile) Anonymous (cont'd.) 1:280 (in species list) 2:IBO:(328) (status of forest products air discharges in Greater Vancouver & Anthemis cotula (Chamomile; mayweed) surrounding municipalities; 1:280 (in species list) confidential) :(339) (Vancouver, Map (196A)) Anthomyidae (ditpertans) :(339) (Victoria & Vancouver, Map (1069A)) 1:266 (in speices list) :(339) (B.C., Map (932A)) 31(317) (salt water at Terrace) Anthophyceae (sea grasses) 32(317) (collection of water quality data) 3:223 (in species list) 33(317) (water quality analysis) 78(322) (oyster culture) Anthopleura (burrowing sea anemones) 148(386) (oyster bed contamination) 1: 88 (A, artemisia in Boundary Bay) IB0:(322) (five reports on B.C. inlet :261; 2:187 (in species list) oceanographic cruises) (322) (two reports on B.C. & Alaska inlet Anthoxanthum adoratum (vernal grass) oceanographic cruises) 4:211 (in species list) (322) (Pacific Biological Station, annual report) Anthozoa (see also Actinaria; Alcyonaria; Tealia; (322) (Prince Rupert oceanographic studies Zoantharia) report) 74, 148 (habitat of Actinostola sp.) (333) (conference on bacterial contamination 160, 161 (in Britannia mine vicinity) of Melville Arm oyster leases) 186; 3:198; 4:189 (in species list) (343) (status of salmon stocks on Fraser & 70 (pollution tolerance of Tealia sp.) Skeena Rivers) (343) (various annual reports of Fisheries Anthus spinoletta (water pipit) Cultural Development Branch, 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) Conservation & Protection, Department 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) of Fisheries & Forests, Canadian Department of Environment) Anita, N.J. :(343) (G.B. Reed groundfish cruise report) 4:151(311) (effects of sodium metaborate on :(343) (Dixon Entrance salmon investigations oyster populations) summary) 5: 42(238) (productivity studies) :(370) (northwest transportation plan) : 92(261) (phytoplankton & primary production in :(386) (Prince Rupert salmon fisheries) Nanaimo estuary) :(386) (Columbia Cellulose pollution :IB0:(245, 265) (growth & decay of phytoplankton correspondence summary) in a large plastic shpere) :(397) (Zymoetz River area map) :(397) (maps of Prince Rupert & B.C.) Antinella macrolepida (errant polychaete) 4:IB0:(263) (coastal zone management problems) 4:190 (in species list) :(283) (Pacific northwest technical estuaries conference) Antithamnion dendroideum (red alga) 5: 41(238) (oceanographic conditions - Nanaimo 3:222 (in species list) Harbour & Departure Bay) 6: 40(263) (oceanographic surveys) Antitrichia curtipendula :I BO:(280) (effects of fluorine fumes on Kitimat 3:223 (in species list) forests) 6: 98 (abundance) :(280) (Kitimat Arm sediment samples) :(280) (B.C. woods & Finnish know how) Antitrichum sp. (moss, unspecified) 6: 99, 100 (community position) Anonyx (Amp hipo d) 6:191 (A. sp. (in species list)) Anuraea sp. (rotifer, unspecified) 4:185 (in species list) Anoplarchus insignis (slender cockscomb) Apargidium bioreale (bog dandelion) 4:207 (in species list) 3:227 (in species list) Anoplopoma fimbria (sablefish) Aphanizomenon floa-aquae (blue-green algae) 1:275; 3:215; 6:195 (in species list) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) 6: 87 (harvest) Aphidae (Aphids) Anser albifrons albifrons (white-fronted goose) 4: 71 (consumed by trout) 1:295 (habitat; food; etc.) :187 (in species list) 2:210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list] 6:104 (sighting; abundance) Aphi ds (see_ Ci cadel 1idae)

Ant (see Formicidae) Aphriza virgata (surfbird) 1:IB0:(452); 2:IB0:(319) (winter food habits) Antennae (Approach Lights) Causeway 2:212; 3:237; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) 1: 22 (date of construction) Aphrocalliste8 (sponges) 1:261 (A. sp. (in species list)) Antennaria rosea (rosy pussytoes) 2: 74 [a. sp. habitat) 6:201 (in species list) : 76, 186 (A. vastis inhabits Britannia Beach region; (in species list)) 13. Aph Ard SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Aphrodita japonica (errant polychaete) Aralia nudicaulis (sarsparilla) 4:190 (in species list) 6:200 (in species list) Apidae (honeybees and bumblebees) Araliaceae (ginseng family) (see also Aralia; 1: 92 (role in Shady Island ecosystem) Oplopanax) :115 (as food of spiny dogfish) 6:200 (in species list) 4: 71 (consumed by trout) Arbutus menzieii (arbutus; madrona) :187 (in species list) 1:287; 2:208; 4:215; 5:183 (in species list) 2:108 (common in Arbutus subzone) Aplacophora (chiton) 4:112 (re tree layer associations) 4:194 (in species list) 5: 16 (soil requirements) : 94, 100 (habitat) Apocynaceae (dogbrane family) (see also Apocynum) :100 (abundance; forest associations) 6:200 (in species list) Arbutus Subzone Apocynum androsaemifolium (dogbane) 2:107 (location; precipitation regime) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-salal-lichen associations) :108 (indicator species) 6:200 (in species list) Arceuthobium tsugense (hemlock dwarf mistletoe) Apodichthys flavidus (penpoint gunnel) 3:227; 6:211 (in species list) 5:173 (in species list) 6:165 (regional extent & control of) Apodidae (swifts) Archaeomysis sp. (mysid, unspecified) 6:108 (seasonal abundance) 3:207 (in species list) Apomatus timmsii Archeogastropoda (see Acmaea; Calliostoma; 2:188 (in species list) Collisella; Diodora; Margarites; Puncturella) Appendicularians Arctium lappa (great burdock) 1: 94 (in Strait of Georgia near or in Fraser 1:280 (in species list) River estuary) 3:xxii (in estuary) Arctium minus (common burdock) 1:280; 4:212; 5:181; 6:201 (in species list) Apple 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) crab (see Mains diversifolia) domestic (see Malus sp.) Arctium sp. (burdock, unspecified) (see Malus pumila) 4:212 (in species list) Apricot (see Prunus armenica) Arctonoe (errant polychaete) 4:191 (A. fragilis; A. pulchra (in species list)) Apristurus brunneus (brown cat shark) 3:215 (in species list) Arctopsyahe sp. (net-spinning caddisfly, unspecified) 6:185 (in species list) Aquatic Buttercup (see Rannunculus aquatilis) Arctostaphylos columbiana (hairy manzanita) Aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle) 4:112 (re shrub layer associations) 1:299 (habitat; food; etc.) 5: 98 (habitat) 2:211; 4:217 (in species list) :183 (in species list) 4:122 (nesting status) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinnick) Aquilegia formosa (columbine) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-salal-lichen associations) 3:227; 6:208 (in species list) 6:203 (in species list) Arabis hirsuta (hairy rockcress) Arcynopteryx parallela (perlodid stonefly) 3:114 (salt resistance; habitat) 6:185 (in species list) :227 (in species list) Ardea herodias herodias (great blue heron) Arabis lyrata (rockcress) 1:154 (map of major estuarine foreshore area 6:202 (in species list) important to) :165-166, 294 (food; etc.) Araceae (arum family) (see also Lysichitum) :165-166, 294; 4:121 (habitat) 6:200 (in species list) :166 (nest census) :327 (aerial census of) Arachnida (mites) (see also Hydracarina; spiders) :IB0:(450); 2:IB0:(318) (colonial nesting) 1:265 (mention of estuarine & freshwater forms :(453); 2:IB0:(319); 3:IB0:(397) (feeding (in species list)) ecology) 2:200; 3:205; 4:186; 6:183, 190 (in species list) 2:122 (estuarine inhabitant; nesting 3: 64, 65 (found occasionally in Lakelse Lake requirements; distribution) & Babine Lake) :122; 5:106; 6:105 (seasonal abundance) 5: 68 (noted in Nanaimo region) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 4:121 (abundance) Arai, M.N. 5:106 (concentration sites; inland nesting 5:160(249)(behaviour &feeding of B.C. hydromedusae) locations) 14. Aro Are

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Arenaria interpres morinella (ruddy turnstone) 1:IB0:(488) (geological map of Pitt Lake) 3:237; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) 2: 25(255) (profile developments found on various land forms) Arenaria macrophylla (Urge-leaved sandwort) :IB0:(339) (Preliminary map-Vancouver, North) 4:212 (in species list) :(339) (Preliminary map-Vancouver, North(east half)) Arenaria melanocephala 3:IB0:(306) (Preliminary maps-Smithers & 1:302(452); 2:IB0:(319) (habitat; food; etc.) Hazel ton, B.C.) 2:212; 3:237; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) :(306) (Fort St. James map area, Cassiar & 3:xxiv, 119 (overwinters on estuary) B.C. coast districts) :(306) (Kitimat-Terrace glacial studies) Arenaria paludicola (sandwort) :(397) (Takla, Cassiar district, B.C.; map) 4:212 (in species list) 4: 19(266) (extent of Vancouver-Island ice sheet) 19(266) (late Pleistocene geoclimatic units) Arenaria sp. (sandwort, unspecified) 21 (surficial deposits of the Fraser 6:201 (in species list) Glaciation periods) 5: 13(225) (Fraser Glaciation) Arenaria striata (slender sandwort) 6: 10(255) (Kitimat-Terrace area glacial studies) 4:212 (in species list) Armstrong, J.M. Arenicola (polychaetes) 1:IB0:(344) (status of state coastal zone 1: 88 (A. sp. abundant in Boundary Bay) management programmes) :263 (A. sp. (in species list)) :302 (as food of whimbrel) Armstrong, M. 3:200; 6:189 (A. pusilla (in species list)) 2:IB0:(245) (early history of Squamish people & events) Argeia (isopods) 1: 90 (A. pugettensis in Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh) Army Survey Establishment 3:IB0:(397) (maps of Hecate Strait &Prince Rupert) Argue, A.W. 4: 89(293) (rearing & wintering areas of coho Amell, S.M. salmon) 4:IB0:(305, 311) (analysis of Cowichan River :IB0:(291) (distribution maps & tables for Basin water resources) chinook & coho) Arney, D.B. Aricia (polychaete) 4:136(279) (Northumberland Channel water quality 6:189 (A. sp. (in species list)) re Harmac pulp mill pollution) :138(279) (Gabriola Island-shellfish-growing- Aricidea minuta (polychaete) water sanitary survey) 3:200 (in species list) :139(279) (sampling Harmac pulp mill domestic sewage) Aricidea quadrilobata (polychaete) 3:200 (in species list) Aro, K.V. 1:105(409) (chinook salmon fishery of Fraser Aricidea ramosa (polychaete) River & delta) 3:200 (in species list) :106(409) (coho salmon spawning in river) :107(409) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye Ariciidae (polychaetes) salmon migration into & within 3:200 (in species list) the river) 2: 90(292) (ocean route taken by adult pink Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) (see also Asarum) salmon returning to river to spawn) 6:200 (in species list) 94(292) (history of fisheries of area; 1950-1962) 81(344) (Lakelse River & pink salmon) Armandia brevia (errant polychaete) 82(344) (Lakelse River & coho salmon) 4:191, 192 (in species list) 82(344) (chum salmon abundance) 83(344) (chinook abundance & spawning locations) Armstrong, J.E. 89(344) (sockeye salmon abundance) 1: 10, 12, 15, 17(356) (Fraser River delta geology) 90(344) (pink, coho, chum & chinook peak catch :IB0:(355) (sand & gravel deposits) seasons) :(356) (geology re soil problems in B.C. :IB0:(343) (Babine River salmon escapement) lower mainland) :(343) (salmon enumeration & sampling summary) :(356) (soils of southwestern B.C. coastal :(343) (passage of sockeye & pink salmon area) through commercial fishing areas) :(356) (groundwater resources of Surrey :(359) (exploitation by United States & Municipality) Canadian fisheries on pink & sockeye :(356) (late Wisconsin marine drift & salmon en route to northern B.C. & associated sediments of lower southern southeast Alaska) Fraser River valley) 4: 98(291) (re commercial fisheries) :(356); 2:IB0:(255) (late Pleistocene 5: 76, 77, 80(257) (spawning season re coho, chi stratigraphy & chronology in south nook, pink & sockeye salmon) western B.C. & northwestern :IB0:(257) (salmon & migratory trout) Washington) :(484) (geological maps of delta) 15, Aro Ast

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Aron, W. Ascomycetes (see_ Fungi) 1:IB0:(438) (distribution of animals in eastern north Pacific re physical & chemical Ascomyzon (cyclopods) conditions) 1:273 (A. rubrum (in species list))

Arrowgrass (see Triglochin maritima) Ash mountain (see Sorbue acuparia) Arrowtooth Flounder (see Atheresthes stomias) Sitka (see Sorbus sitchensis)

Arsenic Compounds Asio flammeus (short-eared owl) 1:212 (sodium arsenite as toxic constituent in 1:167-168, 306 (habitat; predation; etc.) effluents from metal processing industries) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:188 (in species list) Artacama oonifera (polychaete) 4:122 (inhabit region) 3:200; 4:192 (in species list) 5:109 (recorded in estuary) Artedius fenestralis (padded sculpin) Asio otus wilsonianus (long-eared owl) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 1:306 (habitat; food; etc.) :215; 5:173; 6:195 (in species list) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) 4:220 (in species list) Artedius lateralis (smoothhead sculpin) 4:206; 5:173 (in species list) Asparagus (see Asparagus officinalis) Artemisia campestris (see also Wormwood) Asparagus officinalis (asparagas) 1:280 (in species list) 4:212 (in species list) Artemisia douglasiana (common wormwood) Aspen Poplar.(see Populus tremuloides) 1:131 (in woodland) 5:181 (in species list) Asplanchna sp. (rotifer, unspecified) 4:185 (in species list) Artemisia suksdorfii (wormwood) 1:280 (in species list) Asplenium trichomanes (spleenwort) 6:207 (in species list) Arthropoda (see also taxonomic subdivisions and the plural of some vernacular names, e.g. Crabs) Associated Engineering Services Limited 1:265-269, 272-273; 3:205, 212; 4:186, 198; 5: 1:206(473) (environmental impact of Fraser River delta sewerage facilities) 167, 170; 6:183, 190 (in species list) :IB0:(470) (proposed Tsawwassen marine development) 3:IB0:(380) (future development & economic Articulata (see also Hemithyris; Laqueus; prospects of Prince Rupert, B.C.) TerebrataHa; Terebratulina) 4:IB0:(275) (Chemainus River report) 3:209 (in species list) :(275) (proposed Chemainus River water supply Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed ungulates) (see also development) Alces; Cervus; Odocoileus; Oreamnos) 5: 38(236) (groundwater sources) 3:244; 4:225; 5:193; 6:218 (in species list) : 42, 136(238, 279) (re Northumberland Channel water quality) Aruncus Sylvester (goat's beard) :130(270) (re Greater Nanaimo water system) 6: 96, 99, 100 (forest positions; species :IB0:(270) (water supply for Greater Nanaimo Water District) associations) :(270) (Greater Nanaimo Water District report) :209 (in species list) 6: 18(280) (soils underlying Kitimat township) Arvantidis, N.V. :173(280) (information source) 1:IB0:(455) (land use planning &evaluation for flood plain development) Associated Planning Consultants 2:IB0:(321); 3:IB0:(380) (computer simulation model 4:IB0:(263) (Chemainus, B.C. urban renewal study) for flood plain development; Phase I) Astacura (decapods) Asante, N. 4:199 (in species list) 3:IB0:(295) (history of Terrace) Astarte alaskensis (bivalve) Asarum caudatum (wild ginger) 3:203 (in species list) 3:227; 6:200 (in species list) Astarte compacta (bivalve)

Asclcl&cl 3:203 (in species list) 2:196 (A. callosa; A. paratropa (in species list)) Aster (see Aster) Ascidiacea Douglas (see Aster subspicatus) 1:269 (tunicate species (not named) (in species Eaton's (see Aster eatonii) list)) . ,. 2:200 (unidentified ascidean species (in species Aster eatonii (Eaton's aster) list) see Phlebobranchia & Stolidobranchia) 1:280; 2:207; 5:181 (in species list) 3:210; 4:202 TJn" species list) 2:106 (in grass communities) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) 16. Aul Ast

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Aster gunciformis Athyrivm filix-femina (lady fern) 6:201 (in species list) 1:279; 2:207; 3:227; 4:211; 5:181, 183; 6:207 (in species list) Aster modestus 2:111 (Ribes-Oplopanax & Syphoricarpos ecosystem 6:201 (in species list) 6: 98, typef)100 (abundance; species. associations)... x Aster sp. (aster, unspecified) : 99 (community position) 1:145 (Boundary Bay) 3:114 (grass-forb meadow community component) Atkinson, C.E. :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) 1:IB0:(409) (Pacific salmon spawning populations in United States) Aster subspicatus (Douglas or purple aster) 2:IB0:(292); 3:IB0:(344) (spawning north Pacific 1:142 (in marshes of river's lower South Arm) salmon populations) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone vegetation) Atkinson, W. :227; 6:201 (in species list) 1:IB0:(385) (oceanographic data record, Strait of 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) Georgia) Asterionella formosa (diatom) Atmosphere (see Climatology; Fog; Haze; Pollution, 3:102 (peak abundance) atmospheric; Wind) :220 (in species list) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) Atmospheric Environment Service 1: 8 (source of information) Asterionella japonica (diatom) : 36(369, 370) (average temperatures, precipita 1:290 (in species list) tion & snowfall in Fraser River region) 2: 30(263) (average temperature & precipitation, Asterionella sp. (asterionella, unspecified) 1941-1970) 2:100 (phytoplankton component) :IB0:(263) (climatic normals; charts; data :205 (in species list) summaries for B.C.) :(263) (inventory of climatological data - Asteroidea (starfish) (see also Evasterias; Squamish River estuary; unpublished Forcipulata; Phanerozoma; Pisaster\ Spinulosa) data) 1:269 (other species present (not named)) 3: 18(315) (estuarine weather data) 2:160, 161 (in Britannia Beach vicinity) : 21(315) (estuarine climatic study) : 165 (inhabit Sunset Marina) 4: 32 (climatological station locations) :195; 3:209; 4:202 (in species list) : 33 (wind rose) 3: 69 (locations of) : 35 (weather data) : 70 (pollution tolerance) : 36 (climatic records) 5:IB0:(253) (habitat; migration) 5: 20 (climatological station locations) : 26, 27 (re wind speed &direction) A8trononion gallowayi 1:259 (in species list) Atriahum sp. (Atrichum, unspecified) 6:208 (in species list) Asyohis similis (polychaete) 4:192 (in species list) Atriplex patula (saltbush; spearscale; orache) 1:145 (in Boundary Bay dyke community) Asynde8mus lewis (Lewis's woodpecker) 3:114 (foreshore-coastal forest transition 2:213; 3:239 (in species list) zone vegetation) : 115 (lower beach flora) Atchison, M.E. :227; 6:201 (in species list) 4: 18(266) (location of coal deposits) 4:108 (distribution & abundance in Chemainus 5: 7(224) (coal production) saltmarsh) : 11(230) (geology, history & potential of Vancouver Island coal deposits) Atriplex patula hastata (orache) :118(275) (coal mining & regional growth) 1:134 (in Boundary & Mud bays saltmarsh) :IB0:(225) (stratigraphy & depositional 4:212; 5:181 (in species list) environments) Atylus sp. (Atylus, unspecified) Atheresthes stomias (turbot or arrowtooth flounder) 2:193, 199; 6:191 (in species list) 1:275; 3:215; 4:207 (in species list) 3: 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior Rocks Audain, J.G. trawl fishery) 5:IB0:(270) (from coal mine to castle) 4: 97 (juveniles inhabit Cowichan estuary) 6: 87 (harvest) Auklet (see also Alcidae) Cassins (see Ptychoramphus aleuticus) Atherix sp. (snipe fly, unspecified) rhinocerous (see Cerorhinca monoaerata) 6:167 (in species list) Aulacomniaceae (moss family) (see also Aulacomnium) Atherton, L. 6:200 (in species list) 1:IB0:(344) (scenic inventory of Boundary Bay) Aulacomnium androgynum (moss) 1:279; 6:200 (in species list) 6:102 (abundance; community position; species associations) 17. Aul Bab

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Aulodrilus sp. (oligochaeta, unspecified) Axiognathus pugetana (serpent or brittle stars) 6:183 (in species list) 2: 67 (found in Howe Sound) :196 (in species list) Aulorhynchus flavidus (tube-snout) 3:215; 5:173 (in species list) Axiothella rubrocincta (annelid) 5:166 (in species list) Aurelia aurita (scyphozoan) 4:189 (in species list) Aythya affinis (lesser scaup) 1:162, 297 (habitat; food; etc.) Austin W.C. :IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. status) 1:IB0:(395) (ophiuroids of B.C.) 2:211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 3:xxiv (winter resident) Austrotrophon (gastropod) 5:106 (estuarine abundance) 4:194 (A. sp. (in species list)) Aythya americana (redhead (duck)) Authorships (Note: All authorships in the text, 1:296 (food; etc.) bibliographies, and alphabetical author index :296; 2:116 (habitat) of a Report are included in this present index 2:116 (distribution) except for some repetitions of the same author 3:237; 4:217; 5:186 (in species list) ship references in different sections of the bibliography of a Report. In this present index Aythya collaris (ring-necked duck) the authorship references now give in addition to 1:296 (habitat; food; etc.) the page references a brief indication of their 2:211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:212 (in species list) topics) 1:IB0:(491-518); 2:IBO:(341-336); 3:IB0:(398-418); Aythya marila (greater scaup) 4:IBO:(318-328); 5:IBO:(386-398); 1:116, 117, 160, 162, 297 (habitat; etc.) 6:IBO:(288-296) (alphabetical list of :116, 117, 160, 162, 297; 2:116, 117 (food) :IB0:(448); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. status) authors (showing page references only)) 2:116, 117 (distribution; estuarine movements) Automotive Exhaust Emissions 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) 1:247 (table of types &amounts of, as atmosphere 5:106 (estuarine abundance) pollutants) 6:104 (sighting; estuarine residence) Avena fatua (wild oats) Aythya sp. (scaup, unspecified) 1:280 (in species list) 2:116 (distribution; habitat; percentage over-wintering) Avena sativa (oats) Aythya valisineria (canvasback) 1:135 (in delta pasture land) 1:160, 162, 297 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:116 (density; overwintering population dynamics) Avens large-leaved yellow (see Geum macrophyllum) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:212 (in species list) 5:106 (estuarine abundance) A.V.G. Management Science Limited 3:IBO:(295) (economic development in the Regional Aythyinae (sea ducks) District of Kitimat-Stikine, B.C.) 1:IB0:(449); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(376) (behavior) 5:115(270) (re local government; economy &life styles) :115(270) (population distribution) :117(270) (projected growth rate) :117(270) (employment statistics) :118(270) (land &water use patterns) Babcock, L.P. :119(270) (copper mining) 1:IB0:(490) (Fraser River spawning beds) :119, 120(270) (forest industry operations) :123(270) (fishing industry) Babine System :132(270) (re Provincial parks) 3:xxiii (re salmon production; economics & manage :IB0:(249) (economic analysis of Nanaimo ment) Regional Distirct) : 64 (invertebrate species composition & 6:113(274) (population distribution within abundance) Kitimat-Stikine Regional District) : 79, 80 (original salmon production; salmon :127(274) (timber licence operations) restoration programs; management & :129 (milk production) research studies) :173(274) (information source) : 80 (sockeye production) :IB0:(304) (watershed) :(309, 318) (lake morphometry) Axinopsida serricata (bivalve) :(312) (limno-qeological study) 3:203 (in species list) :(317, 319) (physical limnology) Axinopsis (bivalves) :(317, 332) (biological survey) 1:264 U. sp. (in species list)) :(317, 332) (water quality survey) :264; 4:196 {A. sericatus (in species list)) :(319) (thermal structure; geo-limnology; 4:196 (A. viridis (in species list)) chemical analysis; measurements; observations) Axinulus (bivalves) :(321) (hydrometeorologic data inventory) 1:264 (A. ferruginosus (in species list)) :(338) (zooplankton) 18. Bal Bab

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Babine System (cont'd.) Bailey, L.W. 3:IB0:(343, 352, 360) (salmon escapement; 5: 91(261) (re marine macrophytes) enumeration & sampling) :(349) (rock slide re salmon) Baillie, K.D. :(352) (sockeye nursery potential) 1: 81(395) (fine sediment effects on dinoflagell- :(358, 360, 361) (sockeye migration) ate populations in Boundary Bay). :(368) (paleolimnology) 2:IBO:(280); 3:IBO:(333) (a taxonomic & ecological :(368, 369) (phytoplankton succession) study of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, :(368, 369) (primary productivity) intertidal, sand dwelling dinoflagellates) Baccilariophyceae (diatoms) Baines, W.D. . 3:220 (in species list) 1:IB0:(381) (tides re Fraser River estuary waters)

Backler, B.E. Baker, B.B. .. 1:IBO:(356) (groundwater & soil mechanics re 2:IBO:(245) (glossary of oceanographic terms) erosional problems off Point Grey sea cliffs) Baker R A. 2:IBO:(255) (Squamish area survey) B.A.C.M. Industries :(263) (Squamish area climatic survey) 1:IB0:(455) (comprehensive plan for Boundary Bay residential development) Baker S 4:IB0:(301) (Cowichan Valley birds) Bacon, W.R. 4:IBO:(266) (iron deposits in coastal & south Balaenoptera acutorostrata (pike or Minke whale) western B.C.) 2:217; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192 (in species list) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence)

Bacteri a l:xvi i (coliform pollution closed shellfishing Balaenoptera physalus (fin or finback whale) off Point Grey) 2:217; 3:243; 4:224 (in species list) : 54 57, 59 (levels re biological oxygen demand in estuary waters) Balaenopteridae (rorquals) : 91 (anaerobic, in Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh) 5:192 (in species list) : 97 (coliform pollution cause of ban on oyster fishery of Mud & Boundary Bay) Balanomorpha (see Balanus) :102 (Chondrocoocus (now Flexibaater) oolumnaris causing columnaris disease in lower Fraser Balanophyllia elegans River suckers) 2:187 (in species list) 126 (counts of heterotrophic, in river & two miles from Nicomekl River mouth) Balanus (barnacles) 126 (Sphaerotilus natans slime as indicator of 1: 84 (B. glandula in river near Steveston fish pollution) processing plants & on rocks dredged from 126, 205, 206 (coliform counts re pollution in salt-wedge areas) Fraser River arms) : 88 (in Boundary Bay) 200 (shellfish as indicators of water pollution : 91 (species in Richmond Nature Park) by pathogens) : 92 (near Iona Island sewage treatment plant 203 (destruction of pathogenic, in sewage, by outfall) sea water) : 95 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near Fraser 206-209, 339-341 (chlorination of sewage to River mouth) combat) :267; 3:206; 6:190 (in species list) 213, 214 (action in solid wastes landfill) :273 (larvae in zooplankton) 222 (re food chain) :302 (as food of black turnstone) IB0:(405); 3:IB0:(333, 386); 4:IB0:(311) 2: 72, 75, 148 (Balanus glandula inhabits Porteau (Escherichia ooli viability) Beach shallows; log booming grounds & 145 (streamside vegetation clearance re Sunset Marina) pathogens) : 76, 160, 161 (Britannia Beach distribution; 96 (Nanaimo estuary standing crop) Woodfibre) : 81 (larvae as food of fish) Bacteriastrum delicatulum (diatom) :165 (inhabit Sunset Marina) 1:290 (in species list) :192; 3:206; 4:198; 5:167, 170 (B. aariosus; B. crenatus; B. glandula; B. nubilus (in Baer, A.J. species list)) 3:IBO:(312) (Coast Mountains project) :199 (unidentified cirripedian nauplii & cyprid 6: 9(257) (geological mapping of Kitimat-Douglas larvae (in species list)) Channel area) 3:xxii , 72, 73 (B. aariosus & B. glandula habitats) : 68, 157 (in Porpoise Harbour) Baetidae (small mayflies) : 69 (inhabit red liquor discharge cove; Kitson 3:205; 6:184 (in species list) Island intertidal zone) : 70 (pollution tolerance & abundance of Baetis (small mayfly) B. aariosus & B. balanus) 6:184 (B. cincaudatus; B. trioaudatus (in species : 75, 76 (larvae as food of Chatham Sound list)) salmonids; as planktonic components) :184, 190 (in species list) :206 (B. balanus (in species list) 4: 76 (habitat & abundance) 6: 70 (intertidal abundance) 19. Bal Bar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Balch, N.A. 107(311) (eelgrass distribution) Banninger, S. 151(311) (re water quality) 3:IBO:(306) (foraminifera study) 152(278, 311) (zinc levels) 153(278, 311) (extent of fibre deposits) Banse, K. IBO:(278) (monitoring marine receiving area 4:IBO:(284) (benthic errant polycheates of B.C. of Crofton mill outfalls) & Washington) :(278) (environmental data) Banyay, J. Balds (gastropod) 6: 38(261) (Kitimat River floods) 4:194 (B. sp. (in species list)) Baranyay, J.A. Baldpate (see Anas americana) 6:165(287) (hemlock dwarf mistletoe control)

Ball, E.A.R. Barbarea orthoceras (wintercress) 1:IB0:(409) (lengths & ages of chinook salmon 1:281; 4:212; 6:202 (in species list) taken in B.C. trawl fishery & Fraser River gill net fishery) Barbarea vulgaris (common wintercress) 3:IB0:(345) (age; size & sex composition of B.C. 4:212 (in species list) sockeye salmon catches) Barber, F.G. Ballard, T.M. 3: 40(322, 323) (Hecate Strait oceanographic 1:IB0:(473) (soil disturbance from timber studies) harvesting in southwestern B.C.) :IBO:(322) (seasonal temperature & salinity vari ations in Queen Charlotte Strait, B.C. Balsam Fir (see Abies amabilis) (322) (current observation north of Triangle Island) Baltic Rush (see Juncus balticus) (323) (two reports on current & water struc ture in Queen Charlotte Sound, B.C.) Bamboo (323) (effect of prevailing winds on inshore yellow (see Phyllostachys aurea) water masses of Hecate Strait region) (323) (dissolved oxygen content in Hecate Bancroft, J.A. Strait regional waters) 2:IB0:(255) (geology of B.C. coast & islands (323) (Hecate Strait oceanographic project) between Strait of Georgia & Queen (323) (Hecate Strait current observations) Charlotte Sound) Barber Island Bandoni, R.J. 1:132, 140, 141 (vegetation; soil) 1:IB0:(430); 3:IB0:(365); 4:IB0:(297) (guide to B.C. common mushrooms) Bardal, P.N. :(437) (B.C. orchids) 4:IB0:(311) (Crofton-Chemainus survey report) :(437) (B.C. heathers) :(437) (guide to B.C. common edible plants) Bark (of trees) 1:320, 321 (as food of beaver & porcupine) Banfield, A.W.F. 2:146. 147 (loss; sinking rates; aesthetics; 4:223(301); 5:191; 6:109, 217(273) (re mammalian chemistry & effects on biology) nomenclature) Bark Beetles (see Pseudohylesinus) Bangham, R.V. 1:102(409) (parasites of some non-migratory Barker, M.L. Fraser River fishes) 2:IBO:(265) (water resources & related land uses; :106(409) (parasites of Salmon River coho Strait of Georgia-Puget Sound Basin) salmon smolts) 2:IB0:(292); 3:IB0:(344) (parasitism re Barley freshwater fishes of B.C. mainland) foxtail (see Hordeum jubatum) (see Hordeum sativum) Bangia tenuis (red algae) (see Hordeum vulgare) 3:222 (in species list) Barlow, J.P. Bankia setacea (shipworm) 1:IBO:(395) (physical & biological processes 1: 84 (in river near Steveston & Woodward's determining zooplankton distribution Landing) in a tidal estuary) :196 (freshwater channels used for log storage to prevent damage by) Barlow, J.W. :IB0:(404); 2:IB0:(288, 289, 340); 4:IB0:(289) 1:IBO:(381) (Fraser River hydraulic model studies) (growth; B.C. occurrence; dispersal) :(405); 3:IB0:(288, 289); 4:IB0:(340) (B.C. Barnacles (see Balanus) status & economic importance) 75, 146, 148 (in log storage & booming grounds) Barner, W. 77 (in west delta sunken logs) 2:IBO:(354) (northern Hecate Strait midwater trawl :191; 4:196 (in species list) salmon catches) 77 (re problems caused by & growth of) IBO:(288) (larval settlement) IBO:(256) (breeding; salinity; pH tolerance) 20. Bar Baw

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Barnes, R.D. Bart, A.L. 1:IBO:(395) (invertebrate zoology) 1:IBO:(356) (some factors affecting extraction of sulphate from selected lower Barnes, R.S.K. Fraser Valley soils) 1:IBO:(344) (estuarine development) 2:IB0:(246); 3:IB0:(295); 4:IB0:(283) (estuarine Barter, J. environment; estuarine & brackish 1:IBO:(376) (status of forest products industries water) & some municipalities discharging effluents to Fraser River below Hope) Barnston Island 1:197 (possible industrial use after improving Bartholomew, H., and Associates channel to) 1:IB0:(455) (plan for south Vancouver area) :(455) (plan for University of British Columbia Barr, S.M. endowment lands) 1:IBO:(356) (geology of northern end of Juan de Fuca ridge & adjacent continental Bary, B.M. slope) 1:IB0:(391) (biology in B.C. coastal inlets)

Barraclough, W.E. Bass 1: 79(387) (productivity of Strait of Georgia calico (see Pomoxis nigromaculatus) waters re physical & chemical characteristics) Bat : 95(402) (major zooplankters in plume, by big brown (see Eptesicus fuscus) seasons) hoary (see Lasiurus cinereus) : 95, 115(395) (three data records of number, silver-haired (see Lasionyoteris nooti- size & food of larval & juvenile vagans) fish trawled in Strait of Georgia Townsend's big-eared (see Plecotus townsendi) when feeding near Fraser River plume) western big-eared (see Corynorhinus townsendi) :103(420) (food of larval & juvenile fish in plume) Bates, C.C. :IBO:(381) (offshore characteristics in Strait 1:IB0:(345) (rational theory of delta formation) of Georgia deep waters as indicated by bathypelagic fish) Bathing Beaches (see Beaches; Recreation) :(394) (production levels in Strait of Georgia pelagic environment) Bathymaster signatus (searcher) :(395); 3:IBO:(333) (number of mature & 1:275 (in species list) immature salmon in B.C. coastal herring purse-seine catches) Batilaria cumingi (gastropod) :(424); 2:IB0:(301) (biological data of larval 4: 77 (introduced to Ladysmith Harbour) & juvenile fish caught with a 2-boat :194 (in species list) surface trawl in Strait of Georgia) 2: 98(308) (Squamish estuary phytoplankton) Battelle Memorial Institute : 99(308) (primary production in the Strait of 1:IBO:(345) (economic & social importance of Georgia) estuaries) :IBO:(280) (three data records concerning number, size & food of young fish caught in Baudat, C. Strait of Georgia surface waters 1:IBO:(370) (the unusual winter of 1968-1969 in during spring,using Isaac-Kidd & B.C.) 2-boat trawls) :(281) (data record concerning number, size, Bauder, E.M. food & species composition of young 5:IBO:(273) (economic analysis-Regional District fish caught in Strait of Georgia of Nanaimo) during early summer with 2-boat trawl) :(292, 344) (measures ofabundance in dogfish Bauer, W. (Squalus acanthias) 1:IB0:(345) (collection of published & unpublished 4: 97(291) (carp introductions) shoreline papers) :IBO:(291) (an abnormal long-nosed skate from B.C.) Bauermann, H. :(291) (Plectobranchus evides record) 4:IB0:(266) (geology of southeastern Vancouver 5: 47, 93(244, 246) (estuarine productivity) Island) :160 (non-salmonid fishes as competitors or predators with Nanaimo River salmonids) Bawden, C.A. 1: 82(345) (meiofauna of Sturgeon & Roberts banks Barrett, R.H. off Fraser River estuary) 3:IB0:(374) (wildlife & timber sales) : 90(396) (infaunal community heavy-metals; polychlorinated biphenyl content of Barron and Strachan Associates macrofauna on above banks) 1:IBO:(473) (community noise survey of Greater : 92(396) (meager benthos population of Iona Vancouver Regional District) Island tidal flats) :148(396) (chlorophyll a values of plankton & Barsdate, R.J. macrophytes of above banks) 5: 96(264) (phosphorus cycling in eelgrass) 4:145(311) (heavy metal concentrations in selected 6: 95(271) (nutrient recycling in eelgrass) invertebrates) 21. Bay Bei

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bayless, J. Bean (see Phaseolus vulgaris) 5:147(279); 6:153(280) (effects of channelization on fish production) Bean, B.A. 5:IB0:(257) (collection notes -Vancouver Island Bayley, R.W. fish) 1:IBO:(473) (problems re sewage treatment by non-biological processes) Bear American black (see Ursus ameriaanus) Bazzania ambigua grizzly (see Ursus artos horribilis) 3:223 (in species list) Bearded Fescue (see Festuca subulata) Bazzania denudata 3:223 (in species list) Bearded Lichen (see Alectoria sarmentosa)

Beach Carrot (see Glehnia littoralis) Beaton, J.D. 1:IBO:(356) (study of soil nutrient level on a Beach Grove Fraser Valley dairy farm) 1:134, 138 (saltmarsh community abundance) 4:IB0:(269) (profile & chemical characteristics :138, 190-191 (possible development of bathing of fertilized forest soils) beaches) :139 (re eelgrass beds) Beaulieu, A.G. :166 (great blue heron nesting) 1:IBO:(456) (notes on land use & planning)

Beach Lovage (see Ligustichum scoticum) Beaver American (see Castor canadensis leuoodontis) Beach Pea (see Lathyrus japonicus) Becker, CD. Beach (see also Recreation) 1:IB0:(396) (distribution, ecology & biology of 1: 24 (scouring of, near Tsawwassen Causeway) the salmonid leech, Pisuoola salmo- : 75-76 (wave ripples in sand, re ecology of sitica (Rhynchobdellae: Pusciolides)) benthos) :138, 187, 190-191(410) (existing, potential or Becker, R.E. further development of Beach Grove, 1:171(345, 438) (estimate of harbour seal pups Boundary Bay, Crescent Beach, Ocean Park, born on Fraser River delta sandbars Point Roberts & White Rock) & Boundary Bay tidal flats) :187 (in short supply because of industrial use of water front) B.C. Research (see British Columbia Research) :187 (Stanley Park; English Bay) :188 (map showing accessible delta beach areas) B.C. Research Council (see_ British Columbia Research]

Beak, T.W. Consultants Bedstraw 2:IBO:(328) (mercury contaminants & concentrations small (see Galium trifidum) in certain benthic organisms on the sweet (see Galium triflorum) estuary) unspecified (see Galium sp.) 5: 42(238) (effluent disposal studies re Harmac (see Galium cymosum) pulp mill & Northumberland Channel water quality) Beedle, B. : 71(249) (sampling Northumberland Channel 1:IBO:(452) (wildlife importance in Boundary Bay intertidal biota with respect to development) water quality conditions) : 91(261) (re intertidal flora) Bees (honey and bumblebees) (see Apidae) :136(279) (Northumberland Channel water quality investigations re Harmac pulp mill Beet pollution) sugar (see Beta vulgaris) :141(279) (effect of Kraft mill effluent on unspecified (see Beta sp.) oyster populations) 6: 70, 72, 150(259, 266, 280) (environmental Beetles survey results) click (see Elateridae) : 73(266) (diversity indices analysis) ground (see Carabidae) :134(280) (environmental survey schedule) ladybird (see Coccinellidae) :135(280) (effluent dilution) rove (see_ Staphylinidae) :135(280) (coliform counts) soldier (see Cantharidae) :135(280) (stratification) (see Coleoptera) :137(280) (water quality) :151(280) (factors effecting Minette Bay water Behrens, S. quality) 1:IB0:(396) (distribution & abundance of two :157, 163(280) (ambient air quality surveys & intertidal prosobranch species in schedules) B.C.) :173 (information source) :183(266) (invertebrate species list) Beightler, C.S. :IBO:(256) (meteorological conditions in Kitimat 1:IBO:(374) (flow analysis of water allocation in area) a river system re effect on estuarine ecology) 22. Bel Ben

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bell, F.H. Benson, W.A. 1:IB0:(410) (Pacific coast halibut landings from 1:17,1(345) (harbour seal pups born on Fraser 1888 to 1950 & catches according to River delta sandbars & Boundary area of origin) Bay tidal flats) (427) (effect of changes in intensity upon :296, 297, 318(438) (ducks of delta) total yield of halibut gear) :IB0:(438) (inventory of B.C. coast recreation, re waterfowl) Bell L.M. :(438, 439) (waterfowl management project & 2: 6(255) (M. Sc. Thesis; sediment deposition; proposal re recreation in lower va!7ey) stability of delta; Howe Sound & 2:116(310) (recorded sighting of Canada geese in surrounding area) the area) 19(255) (diagrammatic representation of the :119(310) (recorded sighting of loons in the area) delta indicating geological areas) :120(310) (recorded sighting of marbled murrelets 22(255) (unpublished report; composition of (Braahyramphu8 marmoratum) in Howe Sound) delta front clays) :121(310) (success of Christie Islet as a bird 23(255) (M. Sc. Thesis; delta front slope - sanctuary in doubt due to disturbance based on hydrographic charts & by small boats) seismic reflection profiles) 39(265) (dredging of the west channel) Bent, A.C. 112(310) (effect of human activities on the 1:163(439) (merganser feeding habits on Fraser wildlife resource) River delta) 135(321) (accessibility to Squamish re port :299-314, 318(439) (birds of delta) development) :IB0:(439); 3:IB0:(370, 371) (life histories of 136(321) (dyking of the west channel) North American passerines; raptorial ;title page, 5, 6 (re authorship) birds; shorebirds; waterfowl & : 72(249) (re dominant invertebrate species) gallinaceous birds (see also page 318 : 74(249) (re commercial oystering) above)) : 75(257) (re Nanaimo River salmon production) : 98(261) (re Vancouver Island forest Bentgrass associations) (see Agrostis diegoensis) ;128(270) (re estuarine log booming & storage) (see Agrostis exarata) :133(270) (re recreational boat usage) :IBO:(233) (re climatology of the Cowichan- Benthos (see also types and names of organisms; Chemainus River estuary) Invertebrates; Phytoplankton; Sediments; Vegetation; Zooplankton) Bell, M.A.M. l:xvi (community of tidal flats typical of 1:IBO:(430) (forest ecology) estuary systems) 75 (importance of waves to) Bell, W.A. 80 (size classifications) 4:IBO:(266) (Nanaimo Group flora of the Upper 83 (off Mission & Queensborough Bridge area) Cretaceous) :222 (re food chain) :225; 2:xix; 3:xxii (tolerance - to temperature; Bell, W.H. to industrial activity; to pollution) 3: 40(323) (Dixon Entrance water exchange model :241; 2:182; 4:168 (ongoing research) study) :258-274; 2:186-200; 3:198-213; 4:185-202; :IBO:(323) (surface current studies, wave 5:166-171; 6:183-191 (in species list) suppression & tidal calibration :IBO:(393, 400) (community structure) in the Hecate model) :(393, 401) (anoxic conditions) :(323) (stilling well design using analogue :(393, 400, 401); 2: 68, 72, 159(284, 285); computer technique) 4:IB0:(285, 286) (distribution - factors; turbidity & substrate re) Bellis perennis (daisy) :(393, 402) (macro-invertebrate study) 4:212 (in species list) (394, 405) (Buzzard Bay studies) (395-407); 2:IBO:(280-290); 3:IBO:(333-342); Bell's Painted Turtle (see Chrysemys marginata belli) 4:IBO:(284-290); 5:IBO:(249-256); 6:IB0:(266-267) (bibliography includ Benedict, A.H. ing invertebrate) 1: 54, 55, 56, 57, 126(376) (water quality in ;(400); 2: 68(284, 285); 3:xxii, 153, 258; lower Fraser River re nutrients, 4:IB0:(285, 286) (abundance) bacteria & pollution) (400); 2:IB0:(284, 285); 3:258; 4:IB0:(285, 286) (species dominance) Benn, V.R., W.C. Yeomans and Associates :(400); 2:IBO:(284, 285); 4:IBO:(285, 286) 4:IBO:(263) (interpretation of B.C. recreational (Strait of Georgia quantitative capability maps) investigations re locality environ ment biomass; taxa; substrates) Bennett, M.G. :(403) (lake sampling) 1:118(410) (importance of Fraser River sockeye :(430-438); 2:IB0:(304-310); 3:IB0:(365-369); salmon to present Indian peoples) 4:IB0:(297-300); 5:IBO:(261-266); 6:IB0:(271-272) (bibliography includ Benson, H.K. ing vegetative) 3:IBO:(386) (rate & extent of anaerobic 60 (tidepool conditions) decomposition of sulphite waste 66 (history of benthic studies) liquor by seawater mud bacteria) 66-78; 4: 78, 79 (general information source re] 23. Ben Ber

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Benthos (cont'd.) 1:IB0:(396) (checklists of B.C. Sedentaria: 2: 68 (substrate preferences) Polychaeta) : 68 (effect of river flow & tides on benthic :(396) (records of Vancouver earthworms) communities) :(396) (notes on Spionidae: Polychaeta of B.C.) : 68, 72, 160, 161; 3:xxii (habitat -effect of :(396) (notes on Syllidae: Polychaeta of B.C.) river flow & tides; Britannia mine area) :(396) (further notes on Syllidae & Errantia 70(287) (benthos-substrate relationships) Polychaeta of B.C.) 80 ("drift" organisms) :(397) (B.C. Polychaeta & notes on some 81 (as food of fish) western Canadian Arctic forms) 129 (as primary consumers) :(397) (notes on Sedentaria: Polychaeta of B.C.) 146, 153 (survival & recolonization in log :(397) (rediscovery of polychaete Trypano- handling areas) syllis ingens) 160, 161, 173; 3:xxii, 257; 4:IB0:(285, 296); 5: 48 (250) (identification of organism responsible 6: 69, 70, 71, 72 (species diversity) for occasional red water outbreaks) 162 (mercury levels in) 173; 3:258; 4:IB0:(285, 286) (biomass) Berkeley, E. 175 (re dredging; effect on) 1:IBO:(396) (notes on Syllidae: Polychaeta of B.C.) IBO:(286) (Squamish delta research) :(396) (further notes on Syllidae & Errantia :xxii (freshwater invertebrate forms) Polychaeta of B.C.) :xxii (effect of Watson Island pulp mill :(396); 5:IBO:(250) (notes on Spionidae: discharges on local species dominance) Polychaeta of B.C.) 12 (survival; community composition; depend :(396) (notes of Sedentaria: Polychaeta of B.C.) ence on estuarine sediment composition, :(397) (rediscovery of polychaeta Trypano- grain size & stability) syllis ingens) 66 (species abundance & diversity in Stumaun :(397); 5:IB0:(250) (B.C. Polychaeta & notes & McNichol Creek) on some western Canada Arctic forms) 153 (diversity & biomass in fish production 5:IB0:(249, 250) (polychaetous annelids from Nanaimo plant outfall areas) — Syllidae, Sigalionidae, Phyllodocidae, IBO:(339) (estuarine studies) Nereidae, Leodicidae, Spioniodae, :(339, 391) (ecology) Chaetopteridae, Maldanidae, Ammochari- 71 (abundance & diversity in Cowichan River dae, Myzostomidae & pelagic forms) & Lake) :(250) (swarming of the polychaetes odontosyllis : 73, 74(285) (Satellite & Stuart Channel) phosphorea var. Nanaimoensis berkeley) :156 (abundance & diversity in Chemainus :(250) (polychaeta-Errantia & Sendentaria) Bay) :(250) (life histories of Micronereis :258 (re sediment deposition) nanaimoensis & Dodecaaeria fewkesi) :IBO:(285, 286) (quantitative studies) 5: 78 (re diet of ninety day coho fry) Bernard, F.R. :IBO:(231, 245, 254, 265) (seasonal food 1: 28, 92, 93, 230(357) (subtidal macrofauna of availability) Fraser River delta, re effects of expansion 6: 69, 70 (freshwater sampling schedule; of Vancouver International Airport) productivity; regional abundance) :IB0:(397) (prodrome for a distributional : 71, 72 (density) checklist & bibliography of recent : 72 (surveys; sampling stations, biomass & B.C. marine Mollusca) factors affecting) (397); 3:IB0:(335) (parasitic copepod Mytili- :152 (Minette Bay abundance) cola orientalis in B.C. bivalves) :152 (re log handling & storage) (397, 398) (various marine invertebrate B.C. survey reports) Benthos, free-swimming (see Phytoplankton; (405, 473) (coliform bacteria in B.C. Pacific Plankton; Zooplankton) oyster & estuarine waters) (480); 3:IB0:(392) (B.C. shellfish toxicity Berberis aquifolia (Oregon grape) records) 2:108 (common in coastal Douglas fir zone & 2: 67(282) (depth distribution of B.C. Brachiopods Douglas fir-western hemlock subzone) Hemithiris psittacea; Laqueus californ- :207; 4:214 (in species list) ianus; Terebratalia sp. & Terebratulina 4:112 (prominance in coastal Douglas fir zone) unguicula in Strait of Georgia) :IB0:(282); 3:IB0:(334); 4:IB0:(289) (B.C. marine Berberis nervosa (Oregon grape) molluscs-distributional checklist) 4:112 (prominance in coastal Douglas fir zone) (282); 3:IB0:(335) (four B.C. faunistic :214 (in species list) surveys re west coast dredging activities 1878-1972) Bergen, M. (282); 3:IB0:(335); 4:IB0:(289); 5:IB0:(250) 4:IB0:(305) (B.C. logging history) (B.C. faunistic survey report - Brachiopoda) Berkeley, A.A. (282); 3:IB0:(335); 4:IB0:(289); 5:IB0:(250) 1:IBO:(396) (past embryonic development of (living Brachiopoda of B.C.) common B.C. pandalids) (328); 3:IB0:(386); 4:IB0:(311) (factors 3: 77(334) (re Prince Rupert shrimp fishery) influencing the viability & behavior 5:IB0:(249) (list of Nanaimo District ophiurans) of enteric bacterium Escherichia aoli in estuarine waters) Berkeley, C. 3:IBO:(334) (numerical codes for Mollusca) 1:IB0:(396) (records of some Polychaeta species :(341) (incidence & enumeration of coliform new to B.C.) bacteria in the Pacific oyster) :(396) (checklists of B.C. Errantia: Polychaeta) 4:IB0:(284) (B.C. sea urchin resources) 24. Ber Bil

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bernard, F.R. (cont'd.) Betula pumila glanduligera (swamp birch) 4:IB0:(311); 5:IB0:(250) (bacterial flora of posi 6: 99 (location; abundance; species associations) tive coliform tests of Pacific oysters :200 (in species list) from polluted & clean regions of Vancouver Island) Betulaceae (birch family) (see also Alnus; Betula) 6:200 (in species list) Berries baneberry (see Aotea rubra) Beverage, J.P. blackberry, evergreen (see Rubus laciniatus) 1:IBO:(345) (estuarine environmental quality of blackberry, Himalayan (see Rubus procerus) Upper Grays Harbour, Washington) blackberry, native (see Rubus ursinus) or trailing Beverage Processing blueberry (see Vaccinium scopium) 1:251 (contributing to air pollution) blueberry, bog (see Vaccinium uliginoeum) blueberry, cultivated (see Vaccinium corymbosum) Bibliographies (Note: References to inclusive page blueberry, velvet-stem (see Vaccinium myrtilloidea) numbers of the sections and subsections are buncherry (see Cornu8 canadensis) included in the entries for those in this present cranberry, bog (see Vaccinium oxycoccus) index) (see also note under Authorships) cranberry, cultivated (see Vaccinium macroaarpon) 1:IB0:(343) (index to sections & subsections that follow on pages 344-488) cranberry, high bush (see Viburnum edule) or squashberry :(481); 2:IB0:(386); 3:IB0:(393) (coastal/ elderberry (see Sambuou8 sp.) estuarine pollution) elderberry, black (see Sambucus racemosa 2:IB0:(273); 3:IB0:(327) (re physicaU biological melanocarpa) oceanography) elderberry, red (see Sambucus racemosa) :(332); 3:IBO:(390) (re forest products huckleberry, red (see Vaccinium parvifolium) pollution control) huckleberry, tall blue (see Vaccinium ovalifolium) 4:IB0:(275) (hydrology) :(283); 5:IB0:(282) (oil pollution) June berry, Saskatoon (see Amelanchier alnifolia) berry or service berry :(294) (Strait of Georgia fishes) raspberry (see Rubus idaeus) 5:IB0:(225) (coalfields) raspberry, black (see Rubus leucodermis) :(243) (oceanographic information) salmonberry (see Rubus spectabilis) 6:IB0:(255) (marine geoscience) snowberry or (see Symphoricarpos albus) waxberry Bibliography thimbleberry (see Rubus parviflorus) l:IB0:(343-488); 2:IB0:(245-340); 3:IBO:(295-340); twinberry, black (see Lonicera involucrata) 4:IBO:(263-317); 5:IBO:(223-285); 6:IBO:(252-287) (pertaining to volume Berries sp. (berries, unspecified) as noted) 1:305, 309, 311 (as food of birds) :321, 322 (as food of mammals) Bicarbonate (see_ Carbonate)

Berrow, M.L. Bickford, C.L. 1:IBO:(473) (trace elements in sewage sludges) 5:IB0:(225) (Nanaimo & Comox coalfields &mine listings) Berry, June; Saskatoon; service (see Amelanchier alnifolia) Biddulphia (diatoms) 1:149 (in Strait of Georgia phytoplankton) Beta sp. (beet, unspecified) :290 (B. aurita; B. laevis; B. longiaruris (in 1:281 (in species list) species list)) 2:205 (in species list) Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) 4:106 (re Chemainus Bay phytoplankton) 1:135 (in delta land; for seed market) Bidens cernua (bur marigold) Betula alba (European white birch) 5:180, 181 (in species list) 1:288 (in species list) Big Huckleberry (see Vaccinium membranoceum) Betula dalecarlica (weeping birch) 1:133 (popular in delta urban centres) Big Skate (see Raja binoculata) Betula glandulosa (swamp birch) Big-eye (po11ock) (see Theragra chalaogrammus) 6:102 (abundance; community position) Bigg, M.A. Betula lutea (yellow birch) 1:IB0:(439) (B.C. harbour seal) 1:288 (in species list) 5:110 (resident seal population)

Betula occidentialis (water birch) Bilton, H.T. 1:288 (in species list) 1:IB0:(410); 3:IB0:(344) (identification of major B.C. & Alaska runs of even and odd- Betula papyrifera (western white birch) year pink salmon from scale 1:144 (around bog margins) characteristics) 2:208; 3:234; 6:200 (in species list) 3:IBO:(344) (evaluation of sockeye catch samples) 6: 96, 98, 99, 102 (abundance; forest position] :(344) (sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fecundity comparison between catch & escapement) Bil 25. Bir

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bilton, H.T. (cont'd) Birch 3:IB0:(344) (maternal influences on the age at European white (see Betula alba) maturity of sockeye salmon) swamp (see Betula glandulosa; Betula :(344) (alternation of returning age in suc pumila glanduligera) cessive generations of sockeye salmon) water (see Betula occidentalis) :(345) (age, sex & size composition of B.C. weeping (see Betula dalecarlica) sockeye salmon catches) western white (see Betula papyrifera) :(345) (scale characteristics of sockeye yellow (see Betula lutea) salmon originating in small nursery areas of the system) Birch, L. 1:IB0:(456) (soil classification for recreational Bindweed (see Polygonum convoIvulus) capability in Boundary Bay)

Biocon Research Limited Bird Sanctuaries 6:173 (information source) 1:156, 160, 175-177 (need of refuges & sanctuaries) :177-179 (data on success of the George C. Reifel Biodegradation (see also Oxygen, dissolved) Migratory Bird Sanctuary) 2:213-214 (in landfill from waste material) :188 (map showing estuary wildlife refuge areas) :236 (map showing delta foreshore areas for Biological Oxygen Demand (see Oxygen, dissolved) desirable conservation habitats) Biology (see also subject headings relating to those Bird Watching (see_ Recreation) below; types & names of organisms; topics related to; Land use; Pollution headings; Water quality) Birds (see also Census; Food and feeding habits of 80-93; 2: 66-78; 3: 64-75; 4: 71-79; 5: 68-72; birds; Hunting; Recreation; Species names) 6:65-74 (benthos & terrestrial invertebrates) 1:136, 165, 189 (as hazard at airport) 93-96; 2: 78-83; 3; 77-78; 4: 79-80; 5: 72 :151-153; 2:112-113; 3:117-119; 4:115-119; 5:102- (zooplankton) 106; 6:103-105 (waterfowl) 97-100; 2: 82-83; 3: 77-78; 4: 79-80; 5: 72-74; ;152 (map of Pacific flyway) 6: 74-76 (invertebrate fisheries resource) ;153; 2:114 (swans) 101-125; 2: 84-97; 3: 79-100; 4: 84-103; 5: 75- 153-156; 2:114 (geese) 90; 6: 77-90 (fish) 154 (map of estuary foreshore areas important to) 126 (bacteria) 157-163; 2:113, 116 (ducks) 127-148; 2: 98-111; 3:101-116; 4:104-114; 5: 91- :163-164; 2:121; 3:119; 4:120; 5:106; 6:105 101; 6: 91-102 (terrestrial & benthic (shorebirds) vegetation) :164-165; 2:119; 3:119; 4:120; 5:107; 6:105 (gulls) 148-150 (phytoplankton) :166, 167; 2:122; 4:121 (great blue heron) 151-163, 327; 2:112-113; 3:117-119; 4:115-117; 166-167 (other migratory birds) 5:102-106; 6:103-105 (waterfowl) 167-168; 3:120; 4:122; 5:109; 6:108 (raptors) 163-164; 2:121; 3 119; 4:120; 5:106; 6:105 169-170; 4:122-123; 5:109; 6:108 (upland game (shorebirds) birds) 164-165; 2:119; 3 119; 4:120-121; 5:107; 6:106 :222 (re food chains) (gulls) :223, 235, 237 (sensitive foreshore areas for 165-166; 2:122; 4:121 (great blue heron) conservation) 166-167 (other migratory birds) :236 (map of such areas) 167-168, 328; 2:122; 3:120; 4:122; 5:109; 6:107- :291-317 (table of areas, habitats used, food & 108 (raptorial birds) abundance for delta & estuary birds 169-170; 4:122; 5:109; 6:108 (upland game birds) by species) 171-172; 2:124, 126; 3:122-125; 4:123-125; 5:110- :320, 321, 323 (as prey of mammals) 114; 6:109-110 (mammals) :326 (as prey of garter snake) 172-180 (wildlife re recreation) IBO:(438-454); 2:IB0:(310-320); 3:IB0:(370-379); 219-232 (food chains) 4:IBO:(301-304); 5:IBO:(267-269); 6: 240, 241; 2:182, 183; 3:189, 194; 4:168 (ongoing IBO:(273) (bibliography) research projects for many aspects of) :(443); 2:IB0:(314); 3:IB0:(373); 4:IB0:(302); 293-318; 2:210-216; 3:236-241; 4:216-223; 5:185- 5:IB0:(267); 6:IB0:(273) (Canadian 191; 6:212-217 (birds, by species) species) 319-323; 2:216-218; 3:241-244; 4:223-225; 5:191- :(476) (organochlorine pesticide residues in 193; 6:217-218 (mammals, by species) birds wintering on Fraser River 324-325; 2:219; 3:244; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 estuary) (amphibians, by species) 98 (vegetation as cover & food) 326; 2:219; 3:224; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (reptiles, 123; 3:121; 5:109; 6:108 (other birds) by species) :210-216; 3:236-241; 4:216-223; 5:185-191; 6:212- IBO:(391-454); 2:IBO:(278-280); 3:IBO:(332-333); 217 (in species list) 4:IB0:(283); 5:IBO:(249-269); 6:IB0: :119; 4:122; 5:106; 6:105 (marshbirds) (266-273) (bibliography) :IB0:(366) (B.C. species) IBO:(249); 4:IBO:(263) (dictionary) :(372) (Alaskan species) IB0:(296) (Big Qualicum River assessment studies) 98 (consume gobies) :117 (diving ducks) Biomass 121; 6:106-107 (diving birds) 2:101, 102, 103 (west, central & east delta 108 (alcids; cormorants; loons; grebes; estimates) mergansers) :IB0:(304) (summer estimates) :IB0:(267); 6:IB0:(273) (sight & nest records) 6:103, 169 (estuarine utilization & importance) 26. Bir Bla

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Birds, game (see also Waterfowl, etc.; names of species) 6:111 (re hunting) 1:183 (acreage used for farm rearing of) Birds, waterfowl (see Hunting; Recreation; Birds, migratory (see also names of species; Hunting; Waterfowl; names of species) Migratory Bird Convention Act; Recreation) 1:151-153 (waterfowl) Birbreck A.E. :152 (map of Pacific flyways of North America) 6:IBO:(280) (analysis of solids, samples & :153; 2:114 (swans) settlement in Kitimat River water) :153-156; 2:114 (geese) :(280) (intake water quality) :157-163; 2:113, 116 (ducks) :163-164; 2:121; 3:119; 4:120; 5:106; 6:105 Birmingham, T.F. (shorebirds) 5:IBO:(228) (petrography of Canadian coals in 164-165; 2;119; 3:119; 4:120; 5:107; 6:105 (gulls) relation to deposition environment) 166-167 (other migratory birds) 167-168, 328;; 2:122; 3:120; 4:122; 5:109; 6:107- Bishop, S.0. 108 (raptorial birds) 1:IBO:(381) (physical, chemical & biological data :169 (sanctuaries) record for Strait of Georgia) :293-317 (table, by species, showing type of 5: 42(238) (re productivity studies) migration & abundance) : 92(261) (phytoplankton; primary productivity) 2:112 (re estuarine usage ) :113 (dabbling duck migrations; numbers & Bismanis, J.K. overwintering mallard populations) 1:IBO:(376) (lower river water quality) :IBO:(315) (Squamish estuary survey) 5:IB0:(268, 281) (season) Bittercress (see Cardamine integrifolia) Birds, passerine (see also Birds, migratory; names of (see Cardamine oligosperma) species) (see Cardamine pensylvanica) 1:168 (shelter in delta hedgerows, thereby attracting Accipiter birds) Bittern, American (see Botarus lentiginosus) :299, 300, 305, 306, 311 (preying on other birds) 2:123 (lack of knowledge with regard to Squamish Bittium challisae (gastropod) estuary) 5:169 (in species list)

Bi rds, raptorial (in general) (see also names of species] Bittium eschrichtii 1:167-168, 171 (estuarine usage; predation) 2:189 (in species list) :293-318 (using estuary (among other species listed in table, with data thereon)) Bivalvia (see also Clam, Clams; Mollusca; Oyster; 299 , 300, 305, 306, 311 (preying on other birds) Oysters; other genera & species in species 328 (table of 1970 census of delta by areas) lists reference hereunder) IBO :(439); 2:IB0:(310); 3:IBO:(370)(1ife histories) 1:196-198, 264, 265, 271; 2:191, 198; 3:203-205, :(440, 454) (Vancouver Natural History Society, 211; 4:186; 5:167, 170; 6:183, 190 (species census) lists) :(445); 3:IB0:(370) (winter populations) :IB0:(397) (parasites) :(452); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(372) (of North :(404); 2:IB0:(289); 3:IB0:(340); 4:IB0:(289) America) (re B.C.) :(453, 454) (census) 2:xix (estuarine habitat) 122,123 (numbers; feeding habits) : 81 (deep water larvae) 122 ,123; 4:122; 5:109; 6:10, 108 (species diversity) 3:xxi (benthic organisms of Skeena River drainage 122 ,123; 5:109 (habitat) system) 122 (prey) : 64 (Pisidium & Sphaerium in Lakelse Lake) 122 (locations) : 65 (Babine Lake & Morrison Lake abundance) 122 : 5:109 (abundance) : 68 (Astarte alaskana, Chlamys sp. & 109 (nesting sites; feeding areas) Venerioardia ventricosa in Porpoise Harbour) 107 , 108 (distribution) : 69 (of Ridley Island red liquor discharge cove; Kitson Island intertidal zone) Birds, sea (see also Seabirds; names of species) : 70, 71, 73 (locations; abundance of) 1:IB0:(440); 2:IB0:(311) (hazards affecting) : 76 (planktonic components) :(453); 2:IB0:(319); 3:IB0:(379); 4:IB0:(303); :203, 211; 4:186, 196; 5:167, 170; 6:183, 190 5:IB0:(267) (B.C. status) (in species list) 4:xxi (upper Cowichan River inhabitants; marine Birds, shore (see Shorebirds; names of species) distributions; substrate preferences) : 73, 74 (biomass found in Cowichan Bay, Birds, upland game (see also Hunting; Recreation; Satellite & Stuart Channel substrates) names of species) 1:169-170 (native & introduced; effect of delta Black CA losses of habitat) 2:IB0:(304) (soil-plant relationships) :IB0:(439); 2:IB0:(311); 3:IB0:(370)(life histories) 2:213 (grouse habitat) Black Duck (see Anas rubripes) 4:122 (location; residential status; distribution; hunting pressure) Black Hawthorn (see_ Crataegus douglasii) 122; 5:109 (habitat) 122; 5:109; 6:108 (species diversity) Black Raspberry (see Rubua leuoodermis) 109 (species abundance) Black Rockfish (see Sebastes melanops) 27. Bla Bog SPECIAL ESTUARY INDEX SERIES

Black Twinberry (see Lonicera involucrata) Blidingia minima minima (intertidal alga) 5:179 (in species list) Blackbelly Eelpout (see Lycodopsis pacifica) Bligh, E.G. Blackberry 1:IB0:(473); 3:IB0:(386) (mercury levels in blackberry (see Rubus vitifoliua) Canadian fish) evergreen (see Rubus laoiniatus) 2:162(328) (mercury concentrations in Dungeness Himalayan (see Rubus procerus) crab of Howe Sound) native or trailing (see Rubus ursinus) unspecified (see Rubus sp.) Blight Strawberry (see Chenopodium aapitum) Black-billed Magpie (see Pica pica) Blindingia minima (benthic algae) 2:206 (in species list) Blackbird Brewer's (see Euphagus cyanocephalus) Blindingia subsalsa red-winged (see Agelaius phoeniceus) 2:206 (in species list) rusty (see Euphagus carolinus) yellow-headed (see Xanthocephalus xanthooep- Block, F. halus) 1:IBO:(473) (log towing in lower reaches of Fraser River) Blackbou.'n, D.J. 5: 48(245) (identification of organism causing Blood, D.A. and Associates Limited occassional red water outbreak) 116(301) (abundance of dabblers in estuary) :IBO:(255, 265) (red-water ciliate Mesodinium 117(301) (estuarine importance) rubrum & its incomplete symbionts) 118(301) (wintering waterfowl habitats of Chemainus River estuary) Blackbourn, J. 119(301) (wintering waterfowl habitats of 5:IBO:(255, 265) (red-water ciliate Mesodinium Ladysmith region) rubrum & its incomplete symbionts) 120(301) (frequency of gulls in estuary) 121(301) (abundance of western grebes) Blackeye Goby (see Coryphopterus niaholsi) 122(301) (bald eagles) 105(268) (swans wintering in Nanaimo estuary) Blackfin Sculpin (see Malacooottus kincaidi) IBO:(267) (trumpeter swan survey)

Blackflies (see Simulidae) Bl owf1ies (see_ Cal 1iphori dae)

Blackmri'ith Rockfish (see Sebastes orameri) Blue Currant (see Ribes braateosum)

Blacktiii Rockfish (see Careproctus melanurus) Blueberry Alaska (see Vaccinium alaskaense) Blackthroat Rockfish (see Sebastes aleutianus) blueberry (see Vaccinium scopium) bog (see Vaccinium uliginosum) Bladderwort (see Urtriculax'ia sp.) cutivated (see Vaccinium corymbosum) tall blue (see Vaccinium ovalifolium) Blake, W. velvet-stem (see Vaccinium myrtilloides) 3:IB0:(310); 5:IB0:(227) (radiocarbon dates) 4: 19(268) (radiocarbon dating of selected samples) Bluebird mountain (see Sialia currucoides) Bleaches (hypochlorite) western (see Sialia mexicana) 1:211, 212 (in effluents from tannery & carpet manufacturing industries) Blue-eyed Mary (see Collinsia parviflora)

Blechnum spicant (deer or hard fern) Bluegrass 3:227; 6:207 (in species list) annual (see Poa annua) 6:100 (abundance; community position) Canada (see Poa compressa) unspecified (see Poa sp. ; Poa pratensis) Bleeding Heart (see Dicentra formosa) Blunden, R.H. Blench, T. 1: 10, 15, 17(357) (geology & evolution of Fraser 1: 60(380) (studies with hydraulic model for River delta) effect of Fraser River dams on downstream sedimentation) Bocaccio (see Sebastes paucispinis)

Blench, T. and Associates Limited Bockheim, J.G. 6:IB0:(261) (flood protection in Kitimat Municipal 1:IBO:(473) (soil disturbance from timber District) harvesting in southwestern B.C.)

Blennie (see Pholis) BOD (biological oxygen demand) (see Oxygen, dissolved)

Blepharostoma trichophyIlum Bog Bean (see Menyanthes trifoliata) 3:223 (in specieslist) Bog Blueberry (see Vaccinium uliginosum) Blepsias cirrhosus (silverspotted sculpin) 3:215; 5:173 (in species list) 28. Bog Bot

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bog Community 4:200 (in species list) 1:130 (map of major areas in delta) :M2-IAA (a relic of last glaciation; dominant Booklime (see Veronica americana] species; sphagnum moss; list of other vegetation) Booming Grounds (see also Forest products industry) : 143 (acidity of water re effects on vegetation) 1:136 (effect on vegetation of North Arm channel shoreline) Bog Cranberry (see Vaccinium oxycoccos) :196 (freshwater channels used for preventing damage to logs by shipworms (Bankia)) Bog Dandelion (see Apargidium boreale) 2: 74 i 75 (associated invertebrate fauna) :172 (colonization of) Bog Rosemary (see Andromeda polifolia) 3: 73 (species diversity; status of subtidal fauna] 4:140 (Cowichan Bay operations & alterations) Bog St. John's Wort (see Hypericum anagalloides) :156 (Ladysmith Harbour operations & problems) 5: 97 , 143 (location; impact on eelgrass Bogs (see also Marshes; Peat; Serpentine Fen) communities) 1: 17 (peat, of Lulu Island) 143 (history; fibre accumulation; distribution) : 82 (microscopic life in Richmond sphagnum bogs) 143 , 144 (effects of estuarine towboat activity) :130 (map of major areas in delta & estuary) 154 (re intertidal habitat quality) :142-144 (origin; nature; vegetation; vegetation communities) Booth, T. :216(478) (Burns Bog as receptor for refuse 1:148(431) (benthic marine fungi from Point Grey disposal) to Boundary Bay delta areas) :233, 236, 237(478) (as vital biological areas) 2:100(304) (Squamish deltaic vegetation in general) 3:109 (characteristic species; soil type; drainage] 3:IB0:(365) (monocentric chytrids & chytridiaceous :115 (muskeg vegetation; water & soil conditions) marine fungi species of B.C. coastal 4:113 (swampy shrub layer characteristics) & interior halomorphic soils) 6:101, 102 (hardhack-willow characteristics) Boraginaceae (borage family) (see also Myosotis) Bogue, V.G. 6:200 (in species list) 3:IB0:(380) (development of Prince Rupert waterfront & railway terminals) Borbas (see Rorippa islandica)

Boland, J.P. Borden, C.E. 3: 94(360) (economic importance of fishing to 1:118(410) (prehistory re Indian utilization of Prince Rupert population) Fraser River salmon) 6:IBO:(270) (socio-economic survey of northern 3:IBO:(306) (current northwest coast archaeological B.C. commercial fisherman) research symposium)

Bolivina Boreal Goldthread (see Coptis asplenifolia) 1:259 (B. compacta; B. pacifica (in species list)) Boron Compounds Boltenia villosa (ascidacean) 1:212 (as toxic constituent of detergent effluents 2:196; 4:202 (in species list) from laundering establishments) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) Borserio, J.L. Bolton, L.L. 5:IBO:(273) (Nanaimo regional planning designs) 1:107(410) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye salmon migration into & within Bosmina longispina (brachiopod) Fraser River) 3:212 (in species list)

Bombycilia cedrorum (cedar waxwing) Bosmina obtusirostris (cladoceran) 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) 4: 73 (inhabits Lake Cowichan) 2:215; 3:240; 4:221; 6:216 (in species list) :187 (in species list) Bombycilia garrula (Bohemian waxwing) Bosmina sp. (branchiopod, unspecified) 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) 3:212; 4:187 (in species list) 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Boston, N. Bonaaa umbellus (ruffed grouse) 3: 40(323) (Dixon Entrance water exchange model 1:169, 300 (habitat; food) study) 2:212; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) :IBO:(323) (wave suppression & tidal calibration 3:121 (historical habitat; abundance) in Hecate model) 4:122 (residential status) 5:109 (inhabit Nanaimo watershed) Botany (see also Flora) :112 (re hunting) 1:241 (ongoing research projects) : 113 (total effort, composite & individual catch size) Botarus lentiginosus (American bittern) 6:108 (occurrence of) 1:217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) :294 (habitat; food; etc.) Bonellia sp. (echiuroid, unspecified) 2:210; 3:236; 4:216 (in species list) 4: 74 (biomass found in substrates of Stuart Channel; ecological significance) 29. Bot Bow

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bothidae 1:IB0 (431, 443, 460) (floral description) 6: 84, 87 (estuarine abundance & harvest) (435) (vegetation report) : 89 (re tidal sport fishery) (438) (birdlife) (441) (importance to migratory birds) Bothragomu8 swanii (deep-pitted poacher) (445, 462, 463, 467, 470) (recreational 3: 88 (estuarine resident) evaluation) :215 (in species list) (450) (with reference to Pacific flyway) (452) (wildlife importance) Botrychium multifidum (leathery grape-fern) (454) (recreational classification system) 6:206 (in species list) (455, 466, 467) (residential development) (456) (soil capability classification; Botrylloides sp. (ascidacean, unspecified) foreshore acquisition) 4:201 (in species list) (458) (status; airport proposal) (463) (land use) Boughton, R.V. (464) (industrial development considerations) 3: 87(345) (decline in numbers of spawning herring) (466) (waterfront property values) (472) (Widgeon Keys project; open space Boundary Bay concept; farming feasibility) l:xvii (diversity of invertebrate fauna) (480) (implications of noise pollution) :xvii, 85, 88, 98, 99 (commercial crab fishing; (485) (herring spawning areas; vegetative legal size; catches) zones) :xvii, 85, 88, 97-98, 99 (recreational crab 2:IB0:(261) (mudflows) fishing) :xvii, 132-133, 138-139, 146 (eelgrass communit Bourgeois, W.S. ies, beds & as spawning & rearing 1:IB0:(357) (some Surrey Municipality upland soils) protection for herring & other fishes) xix, 233,236 (a vital area for biotic populations) Bourn, W.S. 2 (historically of Fraser River origin; extent) 1:IB0:(392) (biological effects of ditching 24-26, 127-128, 151, 231 (sediment sources & tide-water marshes) characteristics) : 25, 190 (saltmarsh communities & evolution of Bourne, N.B. hummocks in) 1:IB0:(397) (dredging activities re B.C. marine : 81 (small summer population of dinoflagellates) invertebrate surveys) : 97 (former rearing of imported Atlantic oyster :(398) (razor clam breeding & growth in B.C.) on tidal flats; possible restoration of :(398); 3:IB0:(335); 4:IB0:(284) (molluscan Pacific oyster populations) aquaculture in B.C.) :116-117, 125 (spawning; food; etc.) :(398); 4:IB0:(284) (B.C. scallop resources) :116-117, 125(423) (fish resources) :(405); 3:IB0:(341); 4:IB0:(290) (B.C. clam :134, 146 (algal mats) fisheries) :134, 146(348, 351, 362, 401, 433, 457) (tidal 3: 67(335) (scallops (chlamys sp.) in Chatham Sound) flats) : 78(335) (scallops (Chlamys sp.) in Dixon :138, 187, 188, 189, 190(459, 469) (bathing Entrance) beaches & possible development of) :138, 189(446, 466) (suggested urban development, Bourne, R. including recreational parkways & hunting 1:IB0:(357) (trace element marine geology of Port areas) Moody area) :144-145 (flora; dyke communities) :155, 156, 158, 162, 164, 165 (stopover or Bousfield, E.L. wintering & feeding, of various birds) 1:IBO:(392) (ecology of B.C. shore invertebrates) :156(327) (waterfowl census data) 2:IB0:(290); 3:IB0:(331, 395) (amphipods in low- :171 (harbour seal pup census) oxygen marine waters adjacent to a :190, 198(464, 465) (suggested reclamation of sulphite pulp mill) areas for industrial sites & marinas) 3: 67(341) (Ani8ogammarus pugettensis & Synidotea :194 (small park areas) sp. abundance in Porpoise Harbour) :205 (re sewage treatment) : 75(341) (amphipods Allorchestes angustus & :218 (re contamination from use of Burns Bog for Anisogammarus pugettensis in Porpoise landfill) Harbour surface waters) :231 (instability of fine sediments re role of :IBO:(332) (ecological investigation re Canadian infauna in food chain) Pacific coastal invertebrates) :IB0:(344) (scenic inventory) (350, 457) (ecological studies) Boutiller, J.A. (353, 455, 457) (developments) 6: 75(266) (Area 6 prawn trapping expedition) (364) (topography; soils) (368) (sediment distribution) Bowen, H.J.M. (369) (re Pleistocene glacial tills) 6:IBO:(281) (trace elements in biochemistry) (370, 371) (climate) (387) (tides; currents) Bowering, R. (391, 441) (reclamation) 1:IBO:(473) (preliminary survey of lower Fraser :(403) (branchyuran crabs; ecology & life Valley industrial wastes) histories of economically & recreationally important molluscs Bowman, P. & crustaceans) 3:IB0:(296) (muskeg, rocks & rain) (406, 437, 451) (ecology) Boy 30. Bra

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Boyce, S.V.L. 1:IB0:(345) (letter re: What is happening in the Bradshaw, V. Fraser River estuary?) 6: 15(255) (composition of Kitimat Arm seabed sediments) Boyd, O.G. : 16(255) (grain size analysis summary for 4:IB0:(284) (Cowichan Lake faunal survey) Kitimat Arm sediment samples) : 40(263) (oceanographic survey information) Boyer, D.S. : 41(263) (future development with respect to 6:IBO:(274) (Kitimat—Canada's Aluminum Titan) estuarine ecology) : 71(266) (upper Kitimat Arm benthic invertebrate Boykinia elata (herbaceous plant) survey) 3:227 (in species list) :135(281) (water quality analysis with respect to temperature, salinity, dissolved Boyle, H.C. oxygen & heavy metals) 1:IBO:(357) (recent geology of Queensborough :136(281) (functional environmental aluminum District, New Westminster) levels) :139(281) (environmental effects; composition; Boyle, J.W. settling pond sediments) 1:IB0:(389) (light penetration in San Juan Archipelago waters) Brahtze, J.F.P. 1:IB0:(345) (coastal zone management re multiple Brachiopoda (lamp shells) use with conservation) 1:IB0:(397); 2:IB0:(282); 3:IB0:(335) (status; habitat) Branohiomma burrardum (polychaete) 2: 67, 74, 76, 155, 159 (Hemithiria paittacea, 1:263; 2:188 (in species list) Laqueus californianis, Terebratalia sp., T. transveraa & Terebratulina unguioula Branchiopoda (see also Cladocera) habitats) 3:212 (in species list) :160, 161 (in Britannia Beach vicinity) :188, 189; 3:209; 4:201 (in species list) Branahiura (crustaceans) 3: 68 (Terebratalia transversa in Porpoise Harbour) 4:200 (in species list) 4:201 (Laqueus californianus; Terebratalia transversa (in species list)) Branchycentridae (trichopterans) 1:266 (in species list) Brachyramphu8 marmoratus (marbled murrelet) 1:305 (food; etc.) Brannon, E.L. :305; 2:120 (habitat) 1:108(410) (spawning; hatching & emergence of 2:120 (numbers) Fraser River sockeye salmon) :213; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) :IBO:(410) (mechanisms controlling sockeye fry 3:120 (estuarine residents) migration) 5:108 (utilize estuary; residential status) 6:106 (estuarine sightings) Brant, black (see Branta bemicla nigricans) Brachytheciaceae (moss family) (see also Euryhynahium) Branta bemicla nigricans (black brant) 6:200 (in species list) l:xvii, 138, 154, 156, 295(443) (habitat; food; etc.) Braohythecium (moss) :156 (aerial census, Boundary & Semiahmoo Bays) 1:279 (B. sp. (in species list)) :327 (census table) :IB0:(442, 443); 2:IB0:(313) (harvest) Braohythecium washingtonianum :(443); 2:IB0:(313); 3:IB0:(372); 5:IB0:(267) 3:223 (in species list) (information re) :(446); 2:IB0:(315); 3:IB0:(375) (winter Brachyura (see also Cancer, Chinoecetes, Chorilia, hunting) Hemigrapsus, Hyas, Oregonia, Pugettia) 2:210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in sepcies list) 3:208; 4:200 (in species list) 4:115 (regional nesting, resting or overwintering grounds) Bracketgrass (see Phyllospadix scouleri) 5:105 (diet; historic & current abundance; estuarine habitat; season of occurrence) Bradley, E.H. 6:104 (sightings; abundance) 1:IB0:(344) (status of state coastal zone management programmes) Branta canadensis minima; B.C. parvipes; B.C. taverni (Canada goose) Bradley, O.E. 1:155 (mention of races seen in estuary, but 1:IB0:(357) (gravel correlation at proposed Port taxonomy & nomenclature not definite; Mann Bridge foundation site) see also Branta canadensis moffitti for Canada goose references) Bradley, W.H. :327 (aerial census of delta areas, 1966-1974) 1:255(392) (temperature of shallow marine surface 3:xxiv, 118 (nests in estuary area) sediments higher than air temperature : 236 (in species list) on a sunny midsummer day, re effect on benthic populations) 31 Bra Bri

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Branta canadensis moffitti efficiency of underyearling sockeye 1:153, 155, 295 (migration) salmon) 153, 155, 295; 2:116; 4:116; 5:104 (habitat) 3:IB0:(395)(effectsof sublethalsodium 154 (map of important estuarine areas) pentachlorophenateconcentrationson 327 (census table) growth rate, food conversion& IB0:(447);2:IB0:(316);3:IB0:(375)(biology; swimmingperformancein underyearling management) sockeyesalmon) 2:116 (distribution;numbers; nesting;migratory 5:140(279)(maximumpermissibledischargestudies) activities) :210;3:236;4:216;5:185;6:212 (in specieslist) Brewer, W.M. 3:IB0:(373)(Alaska) 2:IB0:(255)(annualreportof the Ministerof Mines) 4:116 (nestinggrounds;seasonalsightings) 5:104 (estuarinedependance) Brieve, D. :105 (estuarinestock development& trends) 1:IB0:(456)(soil classificationfor recreational :112 (re hunting) capabilityin BoundaryBay) 6:104 (abundance;seasonal residency;feeding habitat;speciesassociations) Brillia :111 (behaviorduringhuntingseason) 6:186(b.par\ B. sp. (inspecieslist))

Branta leuaopareia (lesserCanadagoose) Brink, V.C. 3:236 (in specieslist) 6:IB0:(259)(B.C.climatesfor agrologists)

BrassButtons(see Cotula coronopifolia) Brisa8ter 1:269(B. townsendi (in specieslist)) Brassioa botrytis (cauliflower) :269;2:195;4:201(B. latifrons (in specieslist)) 1:281 (in species list) 4: 73, 74 (re biomass of B. latifrons found on substrates of Satellite & Stuart Channel; Brassica campestris (turnip) ecologicalsignificance) 1:281(in specieslist) 6: 71 (KitimatArm sightings) :191 (in specieslist) Brassica capita (cabbage) 1:281(in specieslist) Britannia 2: xi (copperproduction) Brassica nigra (blackmustard) :156,157 (acidwastes;V-FeO(OH)discharges; 1:281(in specieslist) sediments; solid waste discharges;treated & untreated, direct & indirect discharge Brassioa rapa (turnip) of municipalwastes) 1:281(in specieslist) :156,157(255)(miningoperations) :157 (proposedmodificationsof outfallpipe to Brassica sp. (mustard,unspecified) ensure maximum precipitation& minimum 4:212;5:181 (in specieslist) dispersionof wastes) :159 (habitat;substratum;species diversity& Breakwater(see North Arm; StevestonArea—jetty) gradientbetween10 & 250metres) :169 (atmosphericpollutants) Brett, C.P. :176 (re deep sea port & possiblesalmon 1:IBO:(352)(reporton lower Fraser River & interference) Strait of Georgia) :176(relowoxygen& residentspecies) :IBO:(253,338) (coal port potentiality) Brett, J.R. (257)(structuralgeologyof ore deposits) 1:IB0:(345);2:IB0:(246)(a briefon mariculture) (261)(informationre soilstabilitystudy) :(407) (effectsof low dissolvedoxygen (279,286,298,333)(submarineobservations) levelson Pacificsalmon eggs) (326)(re possibledevelopment) 2:150(338) (sublethaleffects of sodium (330)(mine& mill effluentdisposal) pentachlorophenateon salmon) :(333)(millingpractices;operation) :154(328)(underyearlingtolerance to Kraft (334)(sewagedischarge) mill effluent) (336)(copper-zincconcentrations) 2(296)(SkeenaRiver drainagebasin) 84(345,355) (freshwaterfish species) British Columbia 108(365)(LakelseLake - flora & fauna use of) 1:248(418);2:IB0:(249);3:IB0:(299)(history) 108(367)(faunalusage of KitwangaLake flora) :IB0:(356);2:IB0:(255);4:IB0:(266)(stratigraphy 118(371, 375) (utilization of Kitwanga & Lakelse & chronology) Lake marshes by migratory birds) :(358) (marine geology) 123(371,375) (hair seal (Phoca vitulina) :(359);2:IB0:(256);4:IB0:(267,269);5:IB0: abundance) (226)(glaciation;surficialgeology) IBO:(296,317) (Kitsumgallum,Lakelse & Morice :(360);2:IB0:(256);4:IB0:(268)(radiocarbon lakes) geochronology) :(301,319) (KitwangaLake) :(360);2:IB0:(257);3:IB0:(308)(geological :(315)(significanceof climatological reports) conditionsto sockeyeproduction) :(361);2:IB0:(256,257, 374); 3:IB0:(309,382); :(317)(physicallimnologyof LakelseLake) 4:IB0:(269);5:IB0:(227-228);6:IB0: :(345)(observationon olfactory preceptionin (256) (physiography) migratingadultcoho & springsalmon) :(363)(possiblelowermainlandportlocation) :(395) (effects of whole bleached Kraft mill :(364);2:IB0:(259);5:IB0:(229)(calcareous effluent on growth & food conversion deposits; post-glacialcrustal 32. Bri Bri SPECIAL ESTUARY INDEX SERIES

British Columbia (cont'd.) shrikes; upland game birds; diving movements; inlet sediments) birds;tube-nosedswimmers;woodpeckers) 1:IB0:(366);2:IB0:(260);3:IB0:(376);4:IB0:(271); 1:IB0:(445); 2:IB0:(315);3:IB0:(374)(wildlife) 5:IB0:(281);6:IBO:(256)(soilresources) :(446); 2:IB0:(315);3:IB0:(375)(naturalists) :(368)(palaeoecology) :(448,449); 2:IB0:(316,317, 319); 3:IB0: :(371) /droughtperiods) (373,375, 376) (birds) :(372)(provincial& lowermainlandairquality) :(450); 2:IB0:(318);3:IB0:(377)(whaling) :(387);2:IB0:(274)(inletturbidity) :(455); 2:IB0:(321,340);3:IB0:(380)(hydro :(387);2:IB0:(274);3:IB0:(329)(physical electric resources) oceanography) :(456)(MunicipalAct) :(391)(coastalinletbiology) :(456); 2:IB0:(321);3:IB0:(380)(industrial :(392);2:IB0:(278);3:IB0:(332);4:IB0:(283) expansion; sawmilling; deep-sea (marine life) industrial sites) :(395);2:IB0:(280);3:IB0:(333,335, 379); :(457)(land inventory) 4:IB0:(284)(fish& game) :(459); 2:IB0:(323)(B.C. industry) :(395);2:IB0:(280);3:IB0:(333)(ophiuroids) :(461); 2:IB0:(324);3:IB0:(382)(logging& :(396)(earthworms) sawmillingsites) :(397);2:IB0:(2820;3:IBO:(335);4:IB0:(284); :(466)(recreationalland demand) 5:IB0:(250)(brachiopods) :(470); 2:IB0:(326)(parkplanning) :(397,398);2:IB0:(282)(faunisticsurveys) :(472); 2:IBO:(327)(irrigationtrends) :(398);2:IB0:(283);3:IB0:(335);4:IB0:(284) :(475); 2:IB0:(330);3:IB0:(388)(environment; (scallopresources) PollutionControlBoardinquiries) :(399);2:IB0:(284);3:IB0:(355);4:IB0:(285) :(480); 2:IB0:(335);3:IB0:(392)(paralytic (barnacles) shellfishpoisoning) :(401);2:IB0:(284);3:IB0:(355);4:IB0:(287) :(484,486, 487); 2:IB0:(339)(maps) (intertidalunivalves;Haemobaphes) :(485); 2:IBO:(339) (Vancouver Island maps; :(406);2:IB0:(290);3:IB0:(341);5:IB0:(255) lower coast bulletinarea map) (dinoflagellates;freshwater& marine :(486); 3:IBO:(397)(powertransmissionmap) protozoa) 2:IBO:(249,250, 251);3:IB0:(301,302) (coast) (415);3:IB0:(348,349, 350, 351, 352,354, :(258)(re Table Mountain;Clinker Mountain 358, 360, 362, 363)(trawlfishery) ice-damnedlavas) (416);2:IB0:(296);3:IB0:(350)(pilchard :(260,270, 274, 304, 305)(fiords) fishery;Osmeridae;fisherieswealth) :(263); 3:IB0:(315)(notablewinters) (422);3:IB0:(299);3:IB0:(356)(fishery :(263); 3:IB0:(315);5:IB0:(233)(climate) resources) :(264); 3:IB0:(316)(polarair movements) (425);2:IB0:(302);3:IB0:(360)(sport :(264); 3:IB0:(316);4:IB0:(274);5:IB0:(235); fishermen) 6:IBO:(260)(bioclimaticzones; (426);2:IB0:(302);3:IB0:(361)(fishing climatic classification) history;steelhead fishery) :(265,329) (inletwater quality) (430);2:IB0:(304);3:IB0:(365);4:IB0:(297) :(268,320);4:IBO:(276)(surfacewaterdata) (mushrooms;forestecology) :(269); 3:IB0:(322);6:IBO:(263)(inletcruises) (431,433); 2:IB0:(304,306); 3:IB0:(365, :(270); 3:IBO:(324)(inletforces) 367);4:IBO:(298)(marinefungi) :(271); 3:IBO:(324)(coastalcruisingguide) (432,434); 2:IB0:(305,307); 3:IB0:(366, :(272); 3:IB0:(326)(coastalprocesses) 367); 4:IB0:(297)(trees& shrubs) :(326)(regionaldevelopment) (433);2:IB0:(306,367);4:IBO:(298)(grasses) :(329); 3:IB0:(387);4:IB0:(317)(air quality) (434);2:IB0:(307);3:IB0:(367)(flowers) :(340); 3:IB0:(397)(geologymap) (435);2:IB0:(307);3:IB0:(368)(lichens) 3:IB0:(306)(PrinceRupert-Smithersbulletinarea) (436); 2:IB0:(309);3:IB0:(366);4:IB0:(300) :(307,309, 312)(CoastRangegeology) (seaweeds;(Hepaticae;Anthocerotae)) :(307,312, 386);6:IB0:(257)(explorations) (436); 2:IB0:(309); 3:IB0:(366, 368); 4:IB0: :(309, 310) (HudsonBay Mountain) (300); 6:IBO:(273) (mosses) :(309, 310, 314) (mineraldeposits) (437); 2:IB0:(309); 3:IB0:(366, 368); 4:IB0: :(310) (CassiarDistrict;McConnell-maparea) (300) (orchids; heathers; edible :(310, 386) (mining) plants; ferns; fern-allies; lily :(311) (northerncoastal activities;Telkwa family; vascular flora; rose family) Valley) :(438);2:IB0:(309,310) (forests) :(314)(Hazelton& Takla groups; obsidian :(439);3:IB0:(371)(harbourseals) distribution) :(440);2:IB0:(311);3:IB0:(371)(bird :(318); 4:IB0:(276,281, 317); 5:IB0:(279) distribution) (waterquality) :(441,442);2:IB0:(312);3:IB0:(371)(birdcounts) :(325,326) (shore stations) :(441,442);2:IB0:(312,313);3:IB0:(371,372);' :(326)(daily seawater observations) 4:IB0:(301)(amphibians) :(330)(coastalclimate) :(442);2:213;3:IB0:(372);4:IB0:(302);6:IB0: :(339)(re deltaic benthos) (273)(sea-birdcolonies) :(343)(salmonfishery) :(442);2:IB0:(312);3:IB0:(371);4:IB0:(301) :(348)(groundfishmarketsampleinventory) (reptiles) :(360,364); 6:IBO:(268,279) (commercial :(442);2:IB0:(313);3:IB0:(372);4:IB0:(273) fishermen) (alienanimals) :(374)(unidentifiedmarineanimals) :(442);2:IB0:(313);3:IB0:(372);4/IB0:(273); :(384)(railwayoperation) 6::IB0:(273)(mammals) :(386)(geology) :(443,444);2:IB0:(314);3:IB0:(373);4:IB0: :(388)(northerndevelopment) (302) (waterfowl;owls; shorebirds;skua; :(397)(Takla; Cassiar District; Houston map) gulls;terns;jaegers;chickadees;king- :(399); 4:IB0:(281,316, 317); 5:IB0:(246) lets; thrushes; pippets; waxwings; crows; (pulpmill pollution) 33. Bri Bri

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

British Columbia (cont'd.) 138(305) (forest industry employees) 4:IB0:(263, 309) (statistics) 142(305) (Crown land availability) :(267); 5:IB0:(227) (Cretaceous period) 143(305) (re ecological reserve designations) :(271); 5:IB0:(227) (coalfields) 158(312) (ambient air quality in Crofton pulp :(273) (climatic normals; extremes; statistics; mill vicinity) temperature; precipitation) :IB0:(263, 273); 5:IB0:(233, 270) (Vancouver (275) (floods) Island bulletin) 281, 317) (coastal pollution) :(275) ; 5:IB0:(233, 236) (snow survey bulletin (284) (polychaetes; sea urchin resources) & selected water resources) (290) (Coffin Island shore fauna) :(291, 305) (B.C. ecological reserves) (291, 305, 307, 308) (ecological reserves) :(305) ; 5:IB0:(270) (semi-annual publications (292) (catch statistics) list) (305) (resources development) 5:101(261) (re forest cover maps) (307) (rural populations) 6: 18(255) (soils of Prince Rupert-Smithers (309) (agriculture) bulletin area) 5:IB0:(234) (resources; frost-free season) 19(255) (Kitimat area soil types) (249) (toxic shellfish; Ciliata; Heterotricha) 20(259) (origin & effect of Williwaws) (255) (zooplankton) 35(261) (gauge stations; measurements recorded; (262) (algal records) duration of operation) (265) (marine plant resources) : 39(261) (investigation of Kitimat Valley flood (281) (environmental law) ing problems) 6:IB0:(255) (coastal islands) :IB0:(259) (B.C. snow survey bulletin) (258) (Cordilleran tectonics) :(277) (Prince Rupert-Smithers bulletin area (263) (northern coastal physiography) No. 8) (277) (northern development concepts) British Columbia Department of Lands, Forests and British Columbia Department of Agriculture Water Resources, Pollution Control Branch [see 1:IB0:(456) (agriculture in Fraser River Valley, also two preceding headings) 1964-1965, 1974-1984) 1:IB0:(474) (discussions & recommendations re 4:IB0:(273) (B.C. climatic normals & extremes - "Pollution and the Fraser") temperature, precipitation & sunshine) 6:173(259) (information re temperature; British Columbia Department of Mines and Petroleum precipitation, sunshine, climatic Resources normals & extremes) 1:IB0:(485) (references to southwest B.C. & Vancouver Island, B.C.; Titles map 7 British Columbia Department of Economic Development & Titles map 92G-3) 4:138(305) (wood product manufacturers) 3:167(386) (Granisle Copper Limited) 6:173 (information source) :168(386) (Cronin mine products) :169(386) (production statistics re producing mines British Columbia Department of Education of the Skeena River drainage system) 6:IB0:(253) (native peoples — particularly Kwakiutl :259(386) (mining claims within Omineca & Skeena heritage) mining districts) :IB0:(397) (Titles maps (103/1-4) & (103/J-l)) British Columbia Department of Environment :(397) (mining inventory map (103-1)) 6:173 (information source) 4:228(266) (Vancouver Island mineral inventory maps) :178 (metric practice guide) 5:IB0:(225) (catalogue of publications & maps) 6:173 (information source) British Columbia Department of Health Service 4:IB0:(263) (vital statistics) British Columbia Department of Municipal Affairs 4:132 (municipal size; industrial mainstays) British Columbia Department of Highways 5:IB0:(270) (B.C. regional & municipal government 1:IB0:(357) (soil mechanic engineering studies on statistics) Deas Island Tunnel & Sea Island 6:173 (information source) crossings) British Columbia Department of Recreation and British Columbia Department of Industrial Development, Conservation Trade and Commerce 1:IB0:(392) (anticipated effects of hydro-electric 1:IB0:(456) (B.C. sawmill industry) & flood control reservoirs in Fraser :(456); 3:IB0:(380) (B.C. industrial expansion) River basin on sport fish, game 4:IB0:(305) (B.C. regional index) animals & waterfowl) :(456) (brief opposing certain applications to British Columbia Department of Lands acquire Boundary Bay foreshore lands) 6:IB0:(259)(summary of B.C. snow survey measurements) 93(291) (steelhead populations) 95(291) (re rainbow trout) British Columbia Department of Lands and Forest [see 114(305) (Chemainus watershed vegetation) also following two headings) :124(301) (re habitat & feeding strategies of 1:IB0:(484) (reference to a Vancouver map; sheet Columbian blacktail deer) 92G/SW) :127(301) (Chemainus watershed -deer hunter use) 5:IB0:(233) (snow survey bulletin) :137(305) (Chemainus dam issue) 154(312) (Chemainus River salmon escapements) British Columbia Department of Lands, Forests and IB0:(275) (sport fish, wildlife & recreation Water Resources [see also preceding and following values in the Chemainus River water heading) shed; some effects of construction of 1:IB0:(485) (reference to map) a water storage dam) 34. Bri Bri

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

British Columbia Department of Recreation and 4:IB0:(264) (climatic capability classification Conservation (cont'd.) for agriculture) 4:IB0:(305) (land status information for B.C. :(264) (publication list) 5: 28(233) (land use capabilities for agriculture) 5:113(267) (hunting activity) : 29(233) (climatic classification of Nanaimo area) :131(271) (B.C. Provincial Park Act 1965, C31, S.l) :132(271) (park classifications, locations, British Columbia Lands Service facilities & attractions) 1:IBO:(345) (lower coast bulletin, Area no. 3) :177(257); 6: 82, 198(268) (steelhead catch data) 3:IB0:(306); 6:IR0:(277) (Prince Rupert-Smithers, :178(257) (Chase River steelhead catch data) bulletin No. 8) •.200(271) (foreshore leases in estuarine area) 5:201(271) (estuarine & surrounding area foreshore :IB0:(271) (concerning regulated development of leases) estuaries; B.C. parks list) 6:173 (information source) British Columbia Minister of Mines 6: 17(255) (copper mine location; incorporation; British Columbia Energy Board closure) 1:IB0:(410) (primary economic value of losses to :IBO:(255) (annual report) anadromous fisheries re proposed Moran Dam on Fraser River) British Columbia Minister of Mines and Petroleum Resources British Columbia Environmental Council 5: 13,119(225,271) (Nanaimo River sand & gravel pits) 1:IB0:(345) (B.C. Environmental News, 1974 spring issue) British Columbia Natural History Society 1:IB0:(439) (reference to an 1893 Bulletin) British Columbia Ferries Howe Sound Service: Horseshoe Bay to Nanaimo; British Columbia Parks Branch Langdale; Bowen Island; Squamish to Woodfibre 1:IBO:(354) (reference to various files) 1:IB0:(488); 5:123 (re terminals) :(457) (lower mainland park objectives study) 4:134 (Strait of Georgia services) :IB0:(272, 279, 284) (study) British Columbia Provincial Museum 5:107(267) (nesting sites of a glaucous-winged gull) British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch :108(267) (nesting sites of pigeon guillemot) 1:IB0:(410, 411) (lists of publications) :193 (amphibian & reptilian species list) :(456) (land status information for various 6:IB0:(273) (B.C. sight & nest record schemes) B.C. estuaries) 90(293) (unpublished data; salmonid enumeration British Columbia Railway data for the Squamish & Cheakamus rivers) 2:xii (land holdings; development proposals) 93(321) (unpublished data; sport fishing - :xiii (environmental impact) angling from boats & while wading) :IBO:(248) (initial assessment of Mamquam Channel :IB0:(246) (unpublished data; a regional develop development proposal) ment framework for the area between :(270) (in progress; bathymetric survey of Squamish & Pemberton — comments; Squamish delta) unpublished data; fisheries data on the Squamish & Cheakamus rivers) British Columbia Remote Sensing Centre :(311) (large mammal habitat map for area) 1:IBO:(372) (quick notes from seminars on fresh, :(321) (land status information for various estuarial, marine & frozen water) B.C. estuaries) 3: 67(335) (habitats of littleneck clam [Venerupis British Columbia Research (formerly British Columbia japonica), butter clam [Saxidomus Research Council) giganteus) & crabs [Canoer magister)) 1: 47, 247-249(372) (pollutants re air quality over : 77(335) (clams harvested) Fraser River delta) :165(317) (re shipping wastes) : 54, 55(377) (pollutants re water quality of :IBO:(296) (interagency committee report on Comox lower river reaches) & Prince Rupert harbours) :IBO:(372) (particle size analysis of river water :(345) (two fisheries publication lists & three samples) steelhead harvest analysis reports) :(372) (water movements in South Arm of river) :(381) (tidal effects in North Arm of river) British Columbia Forest Products Limited :(457) (economic activity forecast for North 4:IB0:(305) (Crofton Kraft) Arm Harbour) :(457) (traffic trends & facilities analysis British Columbia Forest Service for Vancouver Harbour) 1:IB0:(456) (monthly statistics of logs stored in :(457) (benefit — cost study of enlarged North Fraser River Main Arm) Arm Channel) :(474) (environmental studies of Iona Island) British Columbia Government :(474) (lower river water quality studies re 1:IB0:(456) (Municipal Act, 1971) Lulu Island sewage treatment plant effluent) British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority 2:166(329) (domestic fuel & vehicle emissions) 1:IBO:(456) (potential southwestern B.C. deep-sea :167(329) (Kraft mill emissions re effects) industrial sites) :169(329) (emission statistics for the forest industry in the area) British Columbia Land Inventory :169(329) (dust —main Britannia mine pollutants) 1:IBO:(457) (land resources & resource potentials :IB0:(329); 3:IB0:(387) (effect of log driving on in Victoria Regional District) Stellako River salmon) Bri 35. Bry SPECIAL ESTUARY INDEX SERIES

British Columbia Research (cont'd.) Brothers, D.E. 2:IB0:(329); 3:IB0:(387) (air quality in B.C.; 3: 35(317) (summary of Wainwright Basin dissolved project & appendix) oxygen data) 170(387) (minor sources of air pollution) : 68(317) (summary of Porpoise Harbour-Wainwright 171(387) (deleterious emissions from pulp mills) Basin water quality data) IBO:(324) (existing sulfite & proposed Kraft mill :158(389) (red liquor line study) effluent disposal at Watson Island) :158(389) (oxygen concentration in Wainwright Basin) 4:151(312) (water quality determinations) :158(389) (Wainwright Basin fibre bed area) :IB0:(278, 284) (zinc analysis of oysters & sea- :IB0:(387)(oxygen survey results re Columbia Cel water) lulose pulp mill, Prince Edward, B.C.) 6:126(274) (potential Kitimat port traffic) :173 (information source) Brown, CD. 3:IB0:(387) (letters to Dr. M. Waldichuk re British Columbia Research Council [see British pollution testing of Wainwright Basin, Columbia Research) Porpoise Harbour & Watson Island) Brown, I.C. British Columbia Waterfowl Society (Vancouver) 5:IBO:(225) (groundwater in Canada) 1:IB0:(440) (G.C. Reifel Waterfowl Refuge) Brown, J.E. British Columbia Wildlife Federation 6:IBO:(282) (western hemlock &amabilis fir decay 2:IB0:(322) (unpublished report; hearing to assess in Kitimat region) the inter-relationship of effluent discharge, land use & water quality in Brown, T. Howe Sound School District) 5:160 (estuarine heterotrophic activity)

British Trust for Conservation Volunteers, Limited Brown, W.L. 1:IBO:(440) (Conservation Corps) 1:IBO:(356) (groundwater resources of Surrey Municipality) Broadleaf Maple [see Acer macrophyllum) :(356) (late Wisconsin drift of lower Fraser River Valley) Broad-lipped Twayblade [see Listera oonvollaroides) 4:IBO:(275) (groundwater geology & hydrology of Fish-Gut Alley, Rotary Park, Duncan, Brome B.C.) Pacific [see Bromus paoifious) Sitka [see Bromus sitchensis; B. sitchensis Brown Cat Shark [see Apristurus brunneus) aleutensis) [see Bromus sterilis) Brown Saprophyte [see Monotropa latisquamaea) [see Bromus vulgaris) Brown Trout [see Salmo trutta) Bromus mollis (soft chess) 1:281; 4:271 (in species list) Browning, C.P. 2:IB0:(255) (general mining & milling at the Bromus paoifious (Pacific brome) Britannia Mine, Howe Sound) 3:114 (grass-forb meadow components, headland flora) :227 (in species list) Bruce, J.P. 1:IBO:(370) (frequency of lower Fraser River Bromus rigidus (ripgut) Valley heavy rainfalls) 4:211 (in species list) Brunette River Bromus sitchensis (Sitka brome) 1: 58 (a source of lead ion in Fraser River) 1:281 (in species list) :204, 205 (re sewage disposal) Bromus sitchensis aleutensis (Sitka brome) Brunette Sewage Interceptor 1:131 (in woodland) 1:202, 205 (re discharge into estuary)

Bromus sterilis (brome) Brunswick Point 1:281 (in species list) 1:137 (extensive marshes influenced by freshwater from Canoe Pass) Bromus vulgaris (brome) :140 (soil; vegetation) 3:227 (in species list) :233, 236 (a vital biological area) :327 (waterfowl census table) Brook Lamprey [see Lampetra planeri) Bryan, R.C. Brook Trout [see Salvelinus fontinalis) 4:IBO:(291) (marine sport fishing)

Brooks, A. Bryophytes (liverworts) 1:IB0:(440) (distributional lists of B.C. birds) 3:223; 4:211 (in species list) 3:117(371) (general wildlife information) 4:113 (abundance & habitat within swamps) 6:212(273) (birds species reported by) Bruopsis sp. (green alga, unspecified) Broom [see Cytisus scoparius) 6: 92 (abundance; habitat) Brosmophxjds marginata (red botula) Bryozoa (moss animals) 3:88 (estuarine resident) 1: 88, 262 (encrusting eelgrass in Boundary Bay) :215 (in species list) 2: 75 (colonization) 36. Bry Bui

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bryozoa (moss animals) (cont'd.) Buds 2:187; 3:198; 4:190 (in species list) 1:300 (as food of ring-necked pheasant) :197 (unidentified larvae (in species list)) :320 (as food of flying squirrel) 3: 64, 65 (occasionally found in Lakelse Lake & Babine Lake) Budgell, J. 5:IB0:(253) (Vancouver Island species list) 5:IBO:(271) (Nanaimo land use ownership map)

Bubo virginianus (great horned owl) Buffalo Sculpin [see Enophrys bison) 1:306 (food; etc.) :306; 4:122 (habitat) Buffiehead [see Buoephala albeola) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) :213; 3:239; 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) Bufo boreas boreas (northwestern toad) 1:324 (habitat; food) Buccella sp. 2:219; 3:244; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (in species list) 1:259 (in species list) Bugbane Buooinum sp. (gastropod) false [see Trautvetteria oarolinieneis 4:194 (in species list) oooidentalis) [see Trautvetteria grandis) Buoephala albeola (buffiehead) 1:160, 162, 297 (food; etc.) Bugle Weed [see Lycopus uniflorus) :160, 162, 297; 2:116 (habitat) :IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. status) Bugs 2:116 (percentage overwintering) seed [see Lygaeidae) :116, 117 (distribution) shield stink [see Pentatomidae) :117 (numbers; seasonal estuarine movements & (see Henri ptera) locations) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) Bugula oalifornioa 3:xxiv, 112 (winter resident) 2:187 (in species list) 5:106; 6:104, 105 (estuarine abundance) 6:104, 105 (sightings; estuarine residence; species Bugula pacifioa (bryozoan) distribution) 4:190 (in species list)

Buoephala olangula (common goldeneye) Bulbohaeti sp. (green algae, unspecified) 1:160, 162, 297 (habitat; food; etc.) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) :IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (B.C. status) :(449); 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (behaviour) Buliminella 2:117 (numbers; estuarine movements) 1:259 [B. elegantissima; B. sp. (in species list)) :117; 4:117 (distribution) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) Bulk-loading Facility 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) 2:IBO:(251) (re environmental impact) 4:117 (nesting & wintering grounds) :(253) (design drawings) 5:106 ; 6:104, 105 (estuarine abundance) 3:IB0:(299, 300) (assessment of alternatives) 6:104, 105 (feeding grounds; estuarine residence; :(299, 307, 313, 383) (ecological/environment species distribution; frequency of occurrence) al aspects of) :(299, 350) (re estuarine fish) Buoephala islandioa (Barrow's goldeneye) :(301, 383) (traffic evaluation) 1:162, 297 (habitat; food; etc.) :(302, 303, 384) (Prince Rupert versus :IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (B.C. status) Squamish) :(449); 3:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (behaviour) :(303, 304, 354) (re port development) 2:117 (distribution; numbers; estuarine habitat) :(329, 384) (engineering aspects) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) Bull, C.J. 5:106 (estuarine abundance) 1:IBO:(411) (field manual of sport fish habitat 6:104 (sightings; estuarine residence period) protection) 92(291) (spawning habits of spring & winter Buoephala sp. (goldeneye, unspecified) steelhead) 116 (habitat; percentage overwintering) 95(291) (rainbow trout spawning duration & 116, 117 (distribution) migration) 117 (numbers; estuarine movements) 96(291) (re brown trout) 211 (in species list) Bullfrog [see Rang oatesbeiana) Buckbean [see Menyanthes triphylla) Bullhead Buckley, J. brown [see Iotalurus nebulosus ) 2: 52(275) (in progress; observation on surface circulation in upper Howe Sound) Bulrush American great, Buckmann, A.F. round stem or [see Soirpus validus) IBO:(306) (Groundhog coalfield) soft stem IB0:(266) (Nanaimo coalfield) prai ri e [see Soirpus paludosue) 8 (225) (coal deposits) smal1-fruited [see Soirpus microcarpus) 9 (225) (dimensions of Nanaimo basin) three-square [see Soripus amerioanus) IBO:(225) (preliminary map; Nanaimo coalfields) 37. Bui But

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Bulrush (cont'd.) Burnet [see Sanguisorba officinalis) unspecified [see Soirpus sp.) viscid [see Soirpus aoutus) Burns Bog 1:216, 218 (re receptor for refuse & sewage Bulrush Community [see also Soirpus amerioanus) disposal) 1:132 (on tidal flats of estuary's South Arm; :237 (a relic ecosystem destined to disappear dominant species is S. amerioanus; list naturally) of other vegetation) :136 (thin patch at north end of North Arm jetty) Burns, J.E. :142 (on islands & dykes of South Arm) 1:IB0:(411); 4:IB0:(292) (importance of B.C. streamside vegetation to trout & Bumblebees [see Apidae) salmon) 4:IB0:(292) (Chemainus River stream survey) Bunce, H.W.F. 5: 87(257) (angler harvest; recreational use of 6:160(285) (effects of fluoride on leaf tissue) Nanaimo lakes) :160, 175(281, 285) (effect of smelter emissions : 88(257) (catch & effort distribution for on forest growth) Nanaimo watershed) :160, 175(285) (assessing air pollution effects with respect to X-ray densitometry Burns, R.E. techniques) 1:IB0:(379] (a model of sedimentation in small, si 11-less, embayed estuaries of Bunchberry Pacific northwest) 6: 99, 100 (abundance; community position) Burrard Inlet Bunnell, F.R. 1: 20 (pollutants from Fraser River transported 1:205(478) (summary of major pollution control into,by shore currents) schemes for Greater Vancouver area : 72, 73 (movement of North Arm of Fraser River sewage disposal into Fraser River waters around Point Grey into) delta waters) : 78 (pollution monitoring) :215, 217(414) (landfill sites in delta for :100 (shrimp fishery) refuse disposal) :203, 205(474, 478) (re Greater Vancouver area :216(414) (recycling of refuse) sewage disposal) :IBO:(484) (consolidation of amendments to Rawn :IBO:(388, 389) (oceanography) Report on sewerage & drainage of :(485, 487); 2:IB0:(339) (map) Greater Vancouver area) 2:IB0:(256, 305, 313, 322, 329) (environmental conditions) Bunting :(263) (wind flow) lazuli [see Passerina amoena) :(322) (re third crossing) snow [see Pleotrophenax nivalis) Burrard Peninsula Bur Reed [see Sparganium angustifolium) 1: 11, 12 (geology)

Burbot [see Lota lota) Burrell, D. 1:IB0:(377) (ecological implications of clay - Burdock metal associations in aquatic common [see Arctium minus) environments) great [see Arctium lappa) Burrows, E.M. Burgess, T.E. 1:147(431) (two algal species suggesting pollution 1:153(440) (vegetated area of intertidal Fraser close to Iona Island sewage treatment River delta re waterfowl & their feed) plant outfall) 157(440) (duck population of tidal marshes) 2:IB0:(328); 3:IB0:(387) (assessment of pollution 295-296, 318(440) (birds of delta) effects by the use of algae) 114(311) (food preference; feeding habitat of dabbling ducks in delta) Burwash, E.M.J. 1:IBO:(358) (geology of Vancouver & vicinity) Burkhalter, R.A. 5:IB0:(225) (geological environment of Departure 1: 3(378) (map of Fraser River drainage system) Bay, Vancouver Island) : 82(405) (water quality of benthic organism study of entire system) Burwell, H.M. :126(430) (lack of pollution bacteria slimes in 2:IB0:(322] (hydro-electric development of river at Mission) Mamquam River)

Burnaby Bushtlt 1:339 (permit applications for domestic effluent common [see Psaltriparus minimus) discharges: amounts; biological oxygen demand; total suspended solids; where to Bustard, D.R. be diverted) 5:147(279) (effects of channelization on fish production) Burnaby Lake 155 (Canada geese populations) Buteo jamaioensis (red-tailed hawk) 179, 188 (nature park) 1:167-168, 299 (habitat; predation; etc.) 202, 204 (sewage interceptor :328 (1970 census of delta by areas) IBO:(447) (waterfowl population) 2:211; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 38. But Cal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Buteo jamaicen8is (red-tailed hawk) (cont'd.) Macoun's [see Ranunculus maaounii) 4:122; 5:109 (regional inhabitant) seaside [see Ranunculus oymbaleria) 6:107 (seasonal occurrence re nesting) smaller creeping [see Ranunoulus flammula) tall [see Ranunculus acris) Buteo swainsoni (Swainson's hawk) unspecified [see Ranunculus sp.) 1:328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) western [see Ranunculus occidentalis) Butters, J. Butler, G.D. 1:IB0:(385) (oceanographic data record, Strait of 6:IBO:(274) (re Kitimat recreation) Georgia) Butler, T.H. Buttons 1: 99(398) (reports on crab fishery of Sturgeon brass (see Cotula coronopifolia) Bank, off Fraser River mouth) : 99, 100(398, 399, 405) (various reports on Buxton, J.D. decapod crustaceans, principally 3:IBO:(350) (meristic characteristics of salmon shrimps & prawns, of B.C. coast) & steelhead trout captured at :IBO:(398) (status of pink shrimp in English Bay Moricetown Falls) shrimp fishery) (405); 3:IB0:(341); 4:IB0:(290) (Pandalid Byblis sp. (crustacean, unspecified) shrimp bibliography emphasizing 3:206 (in species list) economically important species of the genus Pandalus) Byrne, M. 2: 67(283) [Eualus berkeleyorum3 Eualus maoro- 5:113(267) (re estuary field trips) phthalmus &• Pandalus platyoeros :IB0:(250, 261) (re Vancouver Environment present in Howe Sound) Education Project) 82(283) (commercial fishing of Pandalus borealis & Pandalus platyoeros) Bythinia sp. 83(283) (season & trap construction regulations) 2:191 (in species list) IBO:(283) (shrimp survey by Investigator No. 1) :(283); 3:IBO:(335) (growth, age determination, maturity, breeding & bibliography of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister) (283); 3:IBO:(336) (biological data & records re shrimps Eualus berkeleyorwn & Pandalus platyoeros) Cabbage (283); 3:IB0:(336) (B.C. Decapoda Crustacea yellow skunk [see Brassica capita ) records) skunk [see Lysiohiton americanum ) (283); 3:IB0:(336); 4:IB0:(284) (B.C. shrimp fishery) Cabezon [see Soorpaenichthys marmoratus ) (283, 284); 3:IBO:(336) (coastal shrimp & prawn prospecting in B.C.) Crackling Goose (284) (offshore shrimp prospecting in B..C.) 1:IB0:(449); 2:IB0:(318) (migration; management) 3: 67(335) (identified Pandalopsis dispar, Pandalus borealis, P. goniurus & Caddisflies [see Trichoptera) P. platyoeros in Chatham Sound) : 77(335) (Prince Rupert shrimp fishery) Cadmium Ion :IBO:(336) (shrimp records) 1: 58 (in estuary waters) :(336) (B.C. occurrence of Lithodes aequispina : 90 (levels in Sturgeon & Roberts Banks marine & king crab [Paralithodes oamtsohatioa)) macrofauna) :(336) (shrimp sampling & temperature data) :(336); 5:IB0:(250) (growth, reproduction & Cadulus (scaphopod) distribution of B.C. pandalid shrimp) 4:198 [C. sp. (in species list)) :(338, 341) (shrimp exploration in Hecate Strait & Queen Charlotte Sound & Cairns, A. B.C. coast) 1: 84(346) (microscopic life of Richmond sphagnum 4: 77(284) (pandalid shrimps) boas) : 90, 146(346) (benthic invertebrate fauna of Butorides viresoens (green heron) Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh) 1:294 (habitat; food; etc.) :142(346) (vegetation of Richmond bogs) :217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) :144(346) (origin & vegetation of Shady Island) :IB0:(441); 2:IB0:(312); 3:IB0:(371); 4:IB0:(301) :146(346) (microscopic algae of Sturgeon Banks) (B.C. sightings) 2:122 (rare estuarine inhabitant) Cakile edentula (sea rocket) :210; 4:216; 5:185 (in species list) 1:281; 3:227; 5:181; 6:202 (in species list) 3:115 (lower beach vegetation) Butter Sole (see Isopsetta isolepis) 6: 95 (deltaic habitat; abundance)

Butter Calamagrostis canadensis (Canada bluejoint) witch1 s [see Dacrymyces palmatus) 3:116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) :227 (in species list) Buttercup creeping [see Ranunculus repens) Calamagrostis nutkaensis (Pacific reed grass or cursed [see Ranunculus seleratus) Nootka bluejoint) 1:281; 3:227 (in species list) 39. Cal Cal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Calamagrostis nutkaensis (cont'd.) Caldwell, J.R. 3:112 (exposed coastal forest component) 2:104(304) (Lyngbye's sedge [Carex lyngbyei) :113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone provides forage for waterfowl) " vegetation) :114 (grass-forb meadow components; headland flora) Calgrove, G.S. :115 (upper beach flora) 1:IB0:(411) (physiological changes in sexually maturing Fraser River sockeye salmon) Calamagrostis sp. (reedgrass, unspecified) 6: 94 (dominance; species position) Calidris acuminata (sharp-tailed sandpiper) :204 (in species list) 3:238; 4:218 (in species list)

Calanoida [see also Copepoda; Calanus) Calidris alba (sanderling) 1: 94 (on Sturgeon Bank) 1:303 (habitat; food; etc.) :272 (list of species) 2:212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) 2: 72 (chinook salmon food resource) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence) :198; 3:212 (in species list) 3: 76 (habitat; abundance; species diversity; Calidris alpina (dunlin) age; distribution) 1: 91, 163-164, 303 (food; habitat; etc.) :327 (aerial census of delta, 1966-1974) Calanus 2:212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) 1:272 [C. cristatus; C. tonsus (in species list)) 3:xxiv, 119 (over-winters on estuary) 2: 72 (as food of surf smelts) 6:105 (residential status) 81 [C. minutus, location with respect to salinity) 198 [C. minutus (in species list)) Calidris bairdii (Baird's sandpiper) 76 [C. sp. planktonic components) 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) 212 (in species list) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of)

Calanus firanarohious Calidris canutus (red knot) 1: 94 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near or in 3:238; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) Fraser River estuary) Calidris mauri (western sandpiper) Calanus glacialis 1:163-164, 303 (habitat; food; etc.) 2: 81 (location with respect to salinity) 2:121 (season of abundance) : 81, 82 (abundance, relation to fish stomach :212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) contents) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of) :198; 3:212 (in species list) 3: 76 (re fish consumption) Calidris melanotos (pectoral sandpiper) 1:303 (habitat; food; etc.) Calanus paoifious 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) 1: 95 (in Strait of Georgia near Fraser River estuary) Calidris minutilla (least sandpiper) 1:163-164, 303 (habitat; food; etc.) Calanus plumchrus 2:121 (season of abundance) 1: 95, 96 (in Strait of Georgia near Fraser River :212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) estuary) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of) IB0:(400); 2:IB0:(285) (life history) 81 (location with respect to salinity) Calidris ptilocnemis (rock sandpiper) 81 (abundant at intermediate depths) 2:212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) 198 (in species list) 3:xxiv, 119 (over-winters on estuary) Calanus tonsus (copepod) Calidris pusilla (semi-palmated sandpiper) 5:IBO:(251) (life history; post embryonic 1:303 (habitat; food; etc.) development) 3:238; 4:216; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list)

Calaprice, J.R. Callianassa califomiensis (burrowing shrimp) 1:IB0:(345) (a brief on mariculture) 1: 86, 88 (in Boundary Bay & Mud Bay) : 90-91 (in Sturgeon Bank) Calcarea (calcareous sponges) (see Saypha) :100 (common in delta mud flats) :164 (as food of wading birds) Caloarius lapponious (Lapland longspur) :268; 3:208; 4:200; 5:167 (in species list) 1:317 (habitat; food; etc.) 3: 71 (habit of) 3:241; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) 4: 78 (inhabits Chemainus delta) 5: 70 (estuarine habitat) Calcarius ornatus (chestnut-collared longspur) 3:241 (in species list) Callianassa gigas (shrimp-like decapod) 5:167 (in species list) Caloarius piotus (Smith longspur) 3:241 (in species list) Calliergonella aohreberi 3:223 (in species list) Calico Sculpin [see Clinocottus embryum) Calliostoma costatum (gastropod) Calcium Ion [see also Hardness) 4:194 (in species list) 1: 57, 59, 255-257 (routine determination localit ies in river basin waters, re water quality) 40. Cal Cam

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Calliostoma ligation (gastropod) Cameron, A.T. 3:203 (in species list) 1:IB0:(383); 3:IB0:(325) (density & temperature variations in B.C. coastal waters) Calliostoma sp. :(392); 5:IBO:(251) (physical & chemical 2:189 (in species list) factors influencing flora & fauna distribution in Strait of Georgia) Calliphoridae (blowflies) :(431) (preliminary survey of B.C. kelp beds 1:266 (in species list) commercial value) 3:IB0:(365); 5:IB0:(261) (commercial value of Callithamnion biseriatum (red alga) Canadian Pacific coast kelp beds) 3:222 (in species list) 4:106(297) (re kelp beds) 5: 40(238, 240) (salinity & temperature monitoring Callithamnion bisporum [biseriatum) (red alga) history) 3:104 (pollution indicator species) :IB0:(250) (iodine content of marine flora & :222 (in species list) fauna surrounding Nanaimo)

Callithamnion pikeanum (red alga) Cameron, B. 3:104 (pollution indicator species) 3:IBO:(306) (foraminfera study) :222 (in species list) Cameron, J.N. Callithamion sp. (red alga, unspecified) 1:IB0:(440) (George C. Reifel Waterfowl Sanctuary) 3:104 (pollution indicator species) :105 (habitat of) Cameron, W.M. 1:IB0:(346); 3:IB0:(296) (estuaries) Callitriohe anoeps (waterstar) 2:IB0:(270); 3:IB0:(324) (transverse forces in a 3:116 (habitat; substrate preference) B.C. inlet) :227 (in species list) 3: 40(324) (salmon migration routes) : 46, 47(324) (percentage freshwater at surface Callitriohe stagnalia (waterstar) under normal & freshet conditions) 3:108 (habitat) : 48(324) (vertical stratification) :227 (in species list) :IB0:(324) (Chatham Sound oceanography) :(358) (observations on Lakelse Lake sockeye Callorhinus ursinus cynooephalus (northern fur seal) salmon run) 1:323 (habitat; food; uncommon) :IB0:(442); 2:IB0:(313); 3:IB0:(372) (Alaskan Campanula rotuntifolia (harebell) exploitation) 6:201 (in species list) 2:218; 3:244; 4:224 (in species list) 3:125 (estuarine visitors) Campanulaceae (Campanula family) [see also :IB0:(379) (food; distribution) Campanula) 1:IB0:(433); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(366); 4:IB0:(298) Caltha asarifolia (marsh marigold) (of the Pacific northwest) 1:207, 281 (in species list) 6:201 (in species list) Caltha biflora (twinflower marigold) Campanularia sp. (hydrozoan, unspecified) 3:227 (in species list) 4:189 (in species list)

Calvin, J. Campularidae (hydrozoan) 4: 79(290) (intertidal life) 4:189 (in species list)

Cambie, H.J. Campbell, C.K. 3:IBO:(306) (exploration from Port Simpson to 2:IB0:(322) (summer cottage shoreland use in Fort George) Georgia lowland region of B.C.)

Calypogeia neesiana Campbell, CM. 3:223 (in species list) 5:IBO:(226) (Cassidy & the Douglas Seam)

Calypogeia triohomanis Campbell, M.H. 3:223 (in species list) 1:IB0:(399) (Strait of Georgia zooplankton) 5:IBO:(251) (quantitative study of Strait of Calypso [see Calypso bulboso) Georgia zooplankton) :(251) (re free-swimming copepods) Calypso bulbosa (calypso) :(251) (life history & post embryonic 6:207 (in species list) development of Calanus tonsus & Euchaeta japonioa) Calypte anna (Anna's hummingbird) 1:306 (habitat; food; etc.) Campbell, N.J, 2:213; 4:220 (in species list) 2:IB0:(270) [study of lateral circulation in an inlet) Camas [see Camassia quamash) Campbell, R.W. Camassia quamash (camas) 167(441) (status of birds in Fraser River delta) 4:212 (in species list) 167(441) (raptorial birds of delta) 169(441) (upland game birds of delta) 41. Cam Can

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Campbell, R.W. (cont'd.) Canada Centre for Remote Sensing 169(441) (gallinaceous birds of delta) 1:IBO:(354) (information & prices for high- 170(441) (California quail near Point Roberts) altitude aerial photography) 294(441) (green heron habitat & food in delta) 304(441) (Franklin's gull in delta) Canada Department of Agriculture 317, 318(441) (birds of delta) 5:IBO:(226) (Canadian soil classification system) 326(440) (wandering garter snake in delta) IBO:(440); 2:IBO:(311) (fishing lures, a harzard Canada Department of Citizenship and Immigration to sea birds) 4:IB0:(264) (re B.C. Indians) :(440, 441) (several records & counts of various birds in delta regions) Canada Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 2:120(311) (black oyster catchers [Haematopus 1:IB0:(485) (compilation of B.C. marine & baohmani) nests on Christie Islet) geological data; also maps) 120(311, 312) (seabird colonies of Howe Sound) 5:IB0:(220) (B.C. geological reports) 122(312); 3:IB0:(371) (Squamish area's green heron) 6: 63(263) (possible ancnorage in Kitimat Arm) IB0:(312) (food of Mitlenatch Island garter snakes) :114(274) (size, location & designation of Indian :(312) (black terns occur & nest in south Reserves) western British Columbia) :172 (information source) [312) (Gyrfalcon specimen) (312) (Vancouver birds in 1971) Canada Department of Environment (see also Environ (312); 3:IB0:(371) (Caspian tern status in ment Canada; Canadian Department of Fisheries) B.C.) 1:IBO:(346) (1972 annual report of Pacific (312); 3:IBO:(371) (the American avocet Environment Institute) [Recurvirostra amerioana)) :(346) (Fraser River estuary (this present :(312); 3:IB0:(371) (Franklin's gull in B.C.) Report)) 4:IBO:(301) (green heron) :(383) (wave-buoy monitoring off Sturgeon Bank) :(301) (range extension of the biq brown bat :(458) (Moran Dam: impact & alternative for on Vancouver Island, B.C.) energy & environment) :(474); 2:IBO:(320) (enquiry into food Campbell River (flowing into Mud Bay) processing, agriculturally-oriented, 116 (no major salmon runs in) & other miscellaneous industries) 117 (some chum salmon run in) :(474); 2:IB0:(329) (preliminary description 189 (suggested improvement of sport fishing of environmental conditions in facilities) Burrard Inlet - Howe Sound area) :205 (sewerage outfall) :(475) (environmental consequence of proposed oil transport between Valdez (Alaska) Camsell, C & Cherry Point refinery (Washington)) 1:IBO:(369) (boring for oil near Vancouver :(485) (land-use map of Strait of Georgia - 2:IB0:(255) (preliminary survey along the Pacific Puget Sound basin) Great Eastern Railway between :(485) (water-use map of above basin) Squamish & Lillooet) :(485) (map of Boundary Bay Zostera survey, herring spawning areas & vegetative Canada Bluejoint (see Calamagrostis canadensis) zones) 31(273) (regional precipitation regime) Canadian Cellulose Pulp Mills 39(273) (regional temperature regime) 3: 5, 154 (establishment of) 87(292) (re coho salmon escapement) : 70, 71 (purpose, methods & results re study of 90(292) (re chum salmon escapement) effects of pulp mill discharges on 146(312) (pollution sources near the Cowichan Watson Island benthic populations) River estuary) :154 (location; capacity; employees' salaries; 155(312) (re landfill hazards) discharge rates & locations) 183(275) (streamflow data) :154, 163 (future prospects) 203, 204, 205(292) (anadromous fish escapement :155 (composition, oxygen demands, biotic data for Cowichan, Koksilah & Chemainus effects & toxicity of spent sulphite rivers) liquor) :210(292) (salmon sport catch, fishing effort & :155 (composition, toxicity & alkalinity of pulp success for tidal waters in statistical mill bleaching effluents) area 17 & 18) :155 (Kraft mill effluent composition, processing :232(312, 335) (water pollution in study area & toxicity) resulting from sewage; forest industry) :156 (initial biotic effects; aesthetics) :238(312) (industrial air pollution sources with :163 (timber rights & locations; transporting log in study area) supply) p :243(312) (landfill operations within study area) :171 (emission outlets; gaseous & particulate :IB0:(273) (Canadian meteorological observations) emission constituents; emission temperature; :(273) (wind normals) various chemical air pollutants re :(275) (sediment data for Canadian rivers) corrosion; eye irritation; atmospheric :(292) (annual report - re salmon streams & effects; health hazards; odour) spawning grounds) :1B0:(330) (red liquor disposal plans) :(292) (B.C. catch statistics) :(390) (Prince Rupert water quality) :(301) (re Cowichan & Chemainus estuarine wildlife) Canadian Council of Resource and Environmental :(305); 4:121(271) (land capability classi Ministers fication for agriculture) 2:IB0:(246) (The man & resources glossary & lexicon :(305); 5:IB0:(233, 271) (Canadianagricultural of environmental terms) climates) Can 42. Can

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Canada Department of Environment (cont'd.) 6: 21(260) (precipitation; temperature normals & 4:IBO:(306); 5:IBO:(271) (land capability monitoring duration) classification for forestry & wildlife) 23(260) (available weather data) :(306); 5:IB0:(271) (Canadian land use) 24(260) (Kitimat River estuary climate summary) :(306); 5:IB0:(272) (pipeline construction 25(260) (average snowfall) guide) 33(262) (Kitimat River drainage area) 5: 19(234) (Nanaimo region climatic normals) 35(262) (gauging station information) : 21(233) (available weather data for Nanaimo 36, 182(262) (Kitimat River flow data) River estuary) 38(262) (peak flow) 22(233) (climatic summary) 45(263) (tidal classification) 23(234) (mean annual total precipitation) 46(263) (tidal characteristics) 28(233) (air pressure; hours of sunshine; cloud 79(268) (factors influencing fry survival) cover & visibility) 132(281) (Kitimat Arm resource maps re oil & 33(236) (Nanaimo River short term discharge) chemical spill countermeasures) 33(236) (maximum monthly flow) :134(281) (Kitimat River water quality data 34(236) (flow records) collection) 34(236) (South Fork flow regime) :151(281) (logging effects with respect to 34, 36(236) (re Nanaimo flood probability curve) aquatic environment) 35(236) (1969 discharge hydrography) :172 (information source) 43(238) (Departure Bay upwelling study) :199(268) (salmon sport catch; fishing effort & 49(239) (estuarine tidal characteristics) 49(239) success for statistical area 6 tidal (Nanaimo River estuary time & height waters) discrepancies with respect to Point :IBO:(259) (Canadian monthly meteorological data Atkinson) 58(239) re temperature & precipitation) (tidal cycle) :(260) (comments & data summaries on 58(239) (re tidal currents) 58(238) (current measurements) meteorological factors effecting the 61(239) dispersion of air pollutants emitted (Dodd & False Narrows current tables at Kitimat by the Aluminum Company & tidal current characteristics) of Canada Limited) 70(251) (abundance of Haliaohondria sp.& :(261) (Canadian surface water reference Hemigrapsus oregonensis) index) 72(251) (invertebrate species list) :(261) (historical B.C. streamflow summary) 73(251) (Jack Point crabbing activities) :(262) (hydrological data input to Estuary 75(257) (estuarine importance to juvenile Working Group re Kitimat River estuary) salmonids) :(262, 268) (B.C. surface water data) 76(257) (diet & habitat of coho smolts) 78(257) :(268) (area report of salmon streams & (bimodal migration pattern of chinook spawning grounds) salmon) :(268) (herring spawning records) : 79, 80(257) (re Strait of Georgia recoveries :(268) (B.C. commercial catch statistics) of 1973 nosetagged Nanaimo River :(268) (annual area narrative reports) chinook salmon] : 84(257) (systematic fish sampling methods) Canada, Department of Fisheries [see Canadian : 84(257) (spawning locations of Pacific herring) Department of Fisheries) : 85(257) (extent of herring spawning in Nanaimo area) Canada, Department of Fisheries & Forestry [see also 89(257) (local angling activities) Department of Fisheries & Forestry) 90(257) (native food fishery statistics) 4:102(292) (regional B.C. sport fishing) 97(261) (environmental effects of clearcut logging in Nanaimo watershed) Canada Department of Indian Affairs 98(261) (eelgrass beds) 1:IBO:(458) (proposal to name Strait of Georgia 126(272) (re alternatives for port development) a national underwater park) 130(271) (maintenance of Nanaimo River fisheries resource) Canada, Department of Public Works (see also 134(279) (re Nanaimo River water quality data) Department of Public Works) 136(279) (water quality survey) 4: 68(278) (Chemainus Harbour wind & wave 143(279) (alteration of estuarine sedimentation) measurements) 143(284) (bark accumulation) 151(284) (re estuarine importance to fish & Canada, Department of Regional Economic Expansion wildlife resources) [see also Department of Regional Economic :152(284) (Nanaimo River water usage study) Expansion) :153(284) (environmental effects of Departure Bay 4:IB0:(306) (re integrated resource management) terminal expansion) :(306); 5:IB0:(272) (land capability :165(236) (Nanaimo River estuary streamflow data) classification for outdoor recreation) :166, 169(251) (benthic invertebrate species list :(306); 5:IB0:(272) (objectives, scope & re Nanaimo estuary & Duke Point Lagoon) :173(257) (list of estuary fishes) organization of Canada Land Inventory) :IB0:(234) (temperature; precipitation; sunshine; Canada Department of Transport cloud pressure; thunderstorm; 2:IB0:(263) (temperatures & sunshine tables humidity & frost data) 1962-1971) :(236) (two historical streamflow summaries) :(236) (Departure Bay current observations) Canada Gazette :(257) (herring spawning maps) 4:158(312) (re Ocean Dumping Control Act) :(272, 279) (environmental concerns) 43. Can Can

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Canada Land Inventory Canadian Hydrographic Service 2:112(312) (significant migratory or wintering 1:IBO:(381) (Juan de Fuca & Georgia Straits tide area for waterfowl) & current tables) :142(312) (map; capability of lands adjacent :(485) (various charts of lower Straits of to estuary to support ungulates) Georgia) 3:IB0:(371) (land classification for waterfowl) :(485-486) (various charts of Fraser River 4:IBO:(273) (climate capability classification estuary and arms) for agriculture) 2:IB0:(339) (Strait of Georgia to Active Pass; map) 5:121(198) (agricultural capability map) :(339) (Active Pass to Burrard Inlet) :(339) (Howe Sound, B.C.) Canada Lynx [see Lynx lynx canadensis) 31(317) (navigability of Skeena River) 56(324) (Skeena River tides & currents) Canadian Association of Smelter and Allied Workers 59(324) (conditions of anchorage) 6:173 (information source) 60(324) (shifting sandbars) :IBO:(307) (bathymetric mapping) Canadian Department of Agriculture :(324) (annual report) 1:IBO:(358) (system of Canadian soil classification) 4: 63(278) (re current observations) :135(278) (marinas) Canadian Department of Fisheries [see also Canada 5:132(272) (boating facilities in Nanaimo vicinity) Department of Environment; Environment Canada) 1:104(411) (Fraser River chum salmon migration Canadian Hydrographic Survey patterns) 1:IB0:(358) (Fraser River delta bench marks) :IB0:(346) (annual report, 1971) :(411) (pink salmon tagging at Hell's Gate) Canadian National Railway (CNR) :(411) (fisheries problems re proposed Moran 1:IBO:(457) (industrial potential of south shore Dam on river) of Lulu Island) :(411) (chum salmon spawning grounds below 3:xiii (Pacific terminus & possible port develop Hope & of Harrison River re dredging ment) of shipping channels) :(411) (costs re protection of salmon in Canadian Oceanogrpahic Data Center Fraser, Skeena & Nass Rivers) 3: 39(324) (seawater observations) :(413) (fish facilities; fishery problems re Fraser & Thompson Rivers dam site Canadian Society of Environmental Biologists investigations) 5:151(284) (re estuarine importance to fish & :(413) (Fraser River chum salmon investigations) wildlife resources) :(413) (annual reports, 1963, 1969, 1970, 1971) :(458) (proposal to name Strait of Georgia a Canadian Standards Association national underwater park) 6:178 (re metric conversion) :(475) (report on environmental problems of lower Fraser River & Strait of Georgia) Canadian Wildlife Federation 2:IB0:(247); 3:IB0:(297) (annual report - 3:IB0:(380) (an ecologicaloioq approach to land use Department of Fisheries & Forestry) planniing) :(330) (report to the Task Force on the lower Fraser & Strait of Georgia) Canadian Wildlife Service 3:IBO:(347) (fisheries problems assocaited with 1: 7 (source of information) Morice River system logging :IBO:(346) (environment, ecology & land-use of development) Fraser River estuary area) :(347) (four annual reports of Skeena River :(441) (various reports on estuary & delta Management Committee) wildlife) 4: 87(292) (gillnet catch-minimum summer discharge :(441) (aerial census of river foreshore & relationship) Boundary Bay) : 88(292) (annual average gill net catch of coho :(457) (biological approach to land-use) salmon per fishing day in Area 20 & 2:IB0:(312) (herring gull) low summer discharge in Cowichan 3:IBO:(371) (the Skeena River estuary) River two years previously) 89(292) (juvenile coho movements) Cancer gracilis (crab) 99(292) (chinook & coho salmon populations) 5:167 (in species list) 99(292) (recovery of tagged juvenile coho) IB0:(284) (B.C. shrimp fishery) Cancer magister (Dungeness crab) [see also Crabs) 40, 57(263, 281) (float studies conducted in l:xvii, 85, 88, 98, 99 (occurrence; commercial & Kitimat vicinity with respect to recreational fishing areas) suitable locations for Kitimat pulp 91 (in Richmond Nature Park) mill's effluent outfall) 99 (legal size; catches) : 61(263) (drogue movement in Kitimat Arm during :IB0:(398); 2:IB0:(283); 3:IB0:(335, 336) (breed flood tide accompanied by southerly ing; maturity; growth; age; bibli winds) ography re) : 67(266) (alternate pest control method :(402); 2:IB0:(287); 3:IB0:(339) (source of regarding fisheries protection) information) :(407); 2:IB0:(290); 3:IB0:(342); 5:IB0:(255) Canadian Geological Survey (life history; fishing method & 1:IBO:(358) (list of Vancouver area peat grounds) companies) 74 (habitat; abundance) 76, 148 (subtidal occurrence) 44. Can Car

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cancer magister (cont'd.) 6:110 (abundance) 2: 77 (west delta abundance) :111 (re hunting) :193; 3:208; 4:200; 5:167; 6:191 (in species list) 3: 67 (inhabits Kitson Island, Tuck Inlet & Venn Canus lupus orassodon (Vancouver Island wolf) Passage) 4:124 (frequency of occurrence) : 70 (pollution tolerance) :224 (in species list) 4:145 (re heavy metal & chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations) Canoe Pass 5: 69 (fishery) 1: 4, 11, 18 (geography) : 70 (distribution; habitat preferences with : 18 (percentage of total river flow discharged respect to age, sex & season) by) 6:136 (polychlorinated biphenyl levels) 18, 19 (sediment load) 26 (sediments re foundation conditions south of) Cancer oregonensis (crab) 49, 253 (stream flow) 76 (inhabits Britannia Beach region) 58 (local chromium ion concentration in water) 77, 148 (inhabits Mamquam Channel) 75 (wave records off mouth) 193; 4:200; 5:170 (in species list) :137 (fresh water influence on extensive marshes off Brunswick Point) Cancer productus (rock crab) (see also Crabs) :146 (freshwater benthic algae) l:xvii, 85, 98, 99 (commercial & recreational :IBO:(459) (survey of) fishing areas) : 99 (legal size; catches) Cantharidae (soldier beetles) 2: 74 (habitat; abundance) 1:266 (in species list) : 77, 148 (inhabit Mamquam Channel) :193; 3:208; 4:200; 5,167 (in species list) Canvasback [see Aythya valisineria)

Cancer sp. (crab, unspecified) Capelin (see Mallotus villosus) 3:208 (in species list) Capella gallinago (common snipe) Canadacia (calanoids) 1:164, 302 (food; etc.) 1:272 [C. oolumbiae (in species list)) :164, 302; 4:120; 6:105 (habitat) 2:198 [c. sp. (in species list)) 2:212; 3:237; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) 4:120 (nesting sites) Canneries :126; 5:112 (re hunting) 1:119 (for sockeye salmon first started in 1870 5:106 (infiltrate estuary) at New Westminster; subsequent boom in) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence) :137, 196, 201, 212 (along Steveston foreshore areas) Capitella (polychaetes) :IBO:(423) (development with respect to sockeye 1:228 (preference for anaerobic conditions) salmon) 3: 69, 72 (habitat of) 3: 93 (operating in the Skeena estuary region - past & present) Capitella capitata (polychaete) 3:200; 4:192 (in species list) Cannery Basin (restricted tidal) [see also Steveston 4: 74 (species dominance; abundance; diversity; area) biomass adjacent Crofton pulp mill) 1: 83, 84 (formation by breakwater & dam in Cannery Channel; aquatic invertebrates in) Capitellidae (polychaetes) 3:200 (in species list) Cannery Channel [see also Canneries; Steveston area) 1: 83-84 (aquatic invertebrates) Caprella aequilibra (caprellid amphipod) :144 (dredging, re transformation of a sandbar 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) into Shady Island) :199 (in species list)

Cannery Effluents Caprella califomica (amphipod) 1:201, 212, 330-332 (fish & shellfish) 5:170 (in species list) :332, 335-338 (vegetables; fruits; milk) 3: 94 (reduction plant usage) Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) (see also Linnaea; Lonicera; Sambucus; Symphorioarpos; Canidae (dog-like flesh-eaters) [see also Canis; Viburnum) Vulpes) 6:201 (in species list) 3:243; 4:224; 6:218 (in species list) Capromyidae [see also Myocaster ooypus) Canis latrans lestes (coyote) 4:224 (in species list) 1:321 (habitat; food; frequency of occurrence) 2:126 (estuarine inhabitant) Capsella bursa-pastoris (sheperd's purse) :218; 3:243 (in species list) 1:281; 4:212; 6:202 (in species list) 3:xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena region) Carabidae (ground beetles) Canis lupus (wolf) 1:266 (in species list) 2: 18; 3:243; 6:218 (in species list) 3:xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena region) Carbon Dioxide :123 (recreational resource potential) 1: 55 (dissolved, in estuary waters) :124 (distribution; population trends; foods; habitat) 45. Car Car

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Carbon Dioxide (cont'd.) Carex laeviculmis (sedge) 1:214 (as emanation from solid waste disposal, 3:228 (in species list) e.g. landfill) :219-224 (re food chain) Carex lenticularis (sedge) 6:203 (in species list) Carbon Monoxide 1:246, 247, 249-251 (as atmospheric pollutant; Carex leptalea (sedge) industries & vehicular exhaust 3:228 (in species list) emission of; effects of) Carex leptapoda (sedge) Carbon, total organic (see also types of compounds 3:228 (in species list) cognate to pollution, e.g. Hydrocarbons; Phenols! 1: 55, 56, 57 (levels in estuary waters) Carex livida (sedge) 3:228 (in species list) Carbonate 1: 58 (calcium, in estuary waters) Carex lyngbyei (Lyngbye's sedge) ^ 212 (in laundry establishments' effluents) 1:131, 142 (on many islands of South Arm of river) 255-257 (routine determination localities in :153, 160, 161; 2:104 (seeds as food of waterfowl) 2:104 (widespread throughout delta) river basin waters, for carbonate & :106 (associated with water parsnip) bicarbonate re water quality) :207; 3:228; 4:211; 5:180, 181; 6:203 (in species list) Cardamine integrifolia (bittercress) 3:114 (hairgrass-sedge zone vegetation; grass-forb 4:212 (in species list) meadow components; headland flora) 4: 25, 111 (distribution; dominance within Cardamine oligosperma 1:281 (in species list) Chemainus salt marsh) 4:113 (re swamp herbs) 5: 94; 6: 94 (abundance) 94; 6: 94 (habitat) Cardamine pensylvanica (bittercress) 94; 6: 94 (species associations) 6:202 (in species list) Carex macrooephala (large-headed sedge) Cardiidae (bivalves) 1:144 (on western end of Shady Island) 3:203 (in species list) Carex mertensii (sedge) 3:228 (in species list) Cardiocladius sp. 6:186 (in species list) Carex microglochin (sedge) Cardiomya pectinata (bivalve) 6:203 (in species list) 3:203 (in species list) Carex obnupta (slough sedge) 3:116 (sedge-water hemlock vegetation; shrub-forb Cardita ventricosa (bivalve) zone vegetation) 3:203; 4:196 (in species list) :228; 4:211; 6:203 (in species list) . 95, 102 (habitat; species associations) Cardium oorbis [see also Clinocardium) 4:145 (re heavy metal & chlorinated hydrocarbon :102 (community position) concentrations) Carex pauoiflora (sedge) :196 (in species list) 3:228 (in species list) (blacktail snailfish) Careproctus melanurus Carex pluriflora (sedge) 3:215 (in species list) 3:228 (in species list) Carex canesoens (sedge) Carex rostrata (beaked sedge) 6:202 (in species list) 1:281; 6:203 (in species list) Carex eurycarpa (sedge) 94, 102 (habitat; species associations) Carex saltuensis (sedge) 102 (community position) 3:228 (in species list) 202 (in species list) Carex sitchensis (Sitka sedge) Carex flava (yellow-fruited sedge) 1:228 '(in species list) 6:202 (in species list) Carex sp. (sedges, unspecified) # 1:142 (associated with islands & marshes of river s Carex hendersonii (sedge) South Arm) 3:227 (in species list) :161 (seeds as food of waterfowl) -.320 (roots as food of vole) Carex hindsii (Hind's sedge) 2:104; 6: 99, 101 (species abundance) 4:211 (in species list) 3:xxiv, 108; 4:108; 6: 98, 101 (habitats) :108 (usage of) Carex kelloggii (sedge) :108; 4:108 (locations) 3:227 (in species list) :115 (muskeg flora) 95, 98, 99, 101 (species associations) 95 (distribution) . 98, 99, 101 (dominance) :101 (community position) 46. Car Car

SPECIAL ESTUARY INDEX SERIES

Carex stipata (sedge) 3:IBO:(307) (coast range geology in northern B.C.) 6:203 (in species list) Carlson, C Carex stygia (sedge) 6:161(281) (area affected by fluoride emissions) 3:228 (in species list) Carlton, J.T. Carex vesioaria (sedge) 4:IBO:(290) (intertidal invertebrates of the 3:228 (in species list) central California coast)

Caribou Carnivores arctic [see Rangifer tarandus caribou) 2:129 (identification; distribution; seasonal mountain (see Rangifer tarandus montanus) feeding preference; movements) :218; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) Carinella sp. (ribbon worm, unspecified) 4:124, 125 (species diversity; frequency of 4:190 (in species list) occurrence)

Carl, G.C Carnow, B.W. 1:101, 102(411) (numbers of migratory, semi- 6:175 (re Kitimat Smelter worker's health) migratory, non-migratory & anadromous fishes in lower Fraser River) Carp (see Cyprinus oarpio) :111(411) (Pacific lamprey distribution in river system) Carpodaous mexicanus (house finch) :112(411) (American shad in river) 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) :114(411) (staghorn sculpin & starry flounder in 2:215; 3:241; 4:222; 5:190 (in species list) delta system) :169(442) (ruffed grouse & other gallinaceous Carpodaous purpureus (purple finch) birds of delta) 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) :324, 325(441, 442) (amphibians of delta) 2:215; 3:241; 4:222; 5:190 (in species list) :326(442) (reptiles of delta) IBO:(392); 2:IB0:(332); 4:IB0:(283) (guide to Carreiro, J.F. B.C. marine life) 1:IB0:(453); 5:IB0:(269) (land capability for (441); 3:IB0:(346); 4:IB0:(293) (some common wi1dli fe; waterfowl) B.C. marine fishes) 4:117 ((in press) re importance to waterfowl) (442); 3:IBO:(372) (Alaska fur seal industry & Canada's interest) 2: 84(293) (list & range distribution of some B. C Carroll, H. fish species) 5:IBO:(272) (history of Nanaimo pioneers) :124(312, 313) (indirect information on vertebrates of estuary) Carrot (see Daucus oarota) :IBO:(293); 3:IBO:(346) (freshwater fishes of B.C.) :(312); 3:IB0:(372); 4:IB0:(301) (B.C. Carson, D.J.T. reptiles) 4:IB0:(266); 5:IB0:(226) (metallogenic study of :(312, 313); 3:IB0:(371, 372); 4:IB0:(301) Vancouver Island emphasizing the (B.C. amphibians) relationship between plutonic rocks :(313); 3:IB0:(372); 4:IB0:(301) (alien & metallic mineral deposits) animals in B.C.) :(266); 5:IBO:(226) (age of the Vancouver & 3:117(372) (general wildlife information) Texada Island contact met.asomatic 4: 52 (Cowichan River water quality) copper & iron deposits) : 71(284) (re Cowichan Lake insects) :(270); 5:IBO:(230) (mineral & geological : 73(284) (Cowichan Lake zooplankton) possibilities of Vancouver Island) : 95(292) (re brown trout [Salmo trutta)) 5: 13(226) (re Vancouver Island mineral deposits) : 96(292) (brown bullhead (iotalurus nebulosus); :119(272) (mineral deposits in Nanaimo area) smallmouth bass [Micropteus dolomieui)) : 96(293) (prickly sculpin [Cottus asper); coast Carswell, H.T. range sculpin [Cottus aleuticus)) 1:IBO:(358) (groundwater & related erosion of :104(297) (Cowichan-Chemainus area phytoplankton) Point Grey) :105(297) (phytoplankton productivity) :105(299) (status of Quamichan Lake eutrophication) Carter, G. :185(285) (freshwater invertebrate species lists) 1:IB0:(477) (log storage & rafting in public :IB0:(276) (Cowichan Lake limnobiology) waters) :(292) (marking brown trout fry at Qualicum Beach & Cowichan Lake hatchery) Carter, L. J. :(292) (Cowichan lampreys) 1:IBO:(346) (Galveston Bay (Texas) estuary :(292) (salmon angling in Cowichan Bay) crisis) :(292) (Cowichan River system fishes) 5: 82(258) (spawning season, location & age of Carter, N.C rainbow trout) 3:IBO:(307) (geological compilation map of Smithers, Hazel ton & Terrace areas) Carlisle, S.W. 1:IBO:(484) (consolidation of amendments of Rawn Carter, N.M. Report on sewerage & drainage of 1:IB0:(415); 3:IB0:(348) (B.C. fisheries resource- Greater Vancouver area) use problems) 47. Cav Car

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Carter N.M. 3:xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena region) 2: 47(270) (Howe Sound - a typical fiord for one :123 (recreational resource potential) third its length) 4:124 (location; visibility) : 48(270) (Howe Sound oceanography; unpublished 6:110 (abundance) data) : 98(304) (phytoplankton of the estuary) Castoridae (beavers) (see also Castor canadensis) 5: 43(239) (productivity studies) 3:242; 4:223; 5:192; 6:217 (in species list)

Carter, W.R. Catbird [see Dumetella oarolinensis) 4:IB0:(297) (flora - Vancouver Island; Queen Charlotte Islands) Caterpillars (see also Insecta) 1:311 (as food of Vireo birds) Cartwright, J.W. 1:IB0:(411) (B.C. steelhead trout propagation) Catfish (see Iotalurus nebulosus) Caryophyllaceae (pink family) (see also Arenaria; Cathartes aura (turkey vulture) Cerastium; Honkenya; Sagina; Spergularia; Stellaria) 1:299 (habitat; food; etc.) 6:201 (in species list) 4:122 (nesting status) :217; 5:186 (in species list) CoryophyIlia alaskensis 5:109 (estuarine inhabitant) 2:187 (in species list) Catharus guttatus (hermit thrush) 1:310 (habitat; food; etc.) Cascara (see Rhamnus purshiana) 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Caskey, M. 4:126(302) (re hunting in Cowichan Bay vicinity) Catharus ustalatus (Swainson's thrush) :128(302) (hunter related conflicts &solutions) 1:310 (habitat; food; etc.) 5:113(267) (with respect to enforcement of hunting 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:215 (in species list) regulations) Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker) Casmerodius albus (common egret) 1:102 (in Fraser River tributaries &perhaps in mainstem) 2:210; 4:216 (in species list) :116 (tolerance to salinity in Boundary Bay) 3: 85 (Skeena River habitat) Cassidulina 1:259 [C. oalifornica; C. depressa; C. limbata; :215 (in species list) C. norcrossi; C. tortuosa (in species list)) Catostomus commersonii (common or white sucker) Cassidy, S. 3: 85 (Skeena River habitat) 4:133(306) (Ladysmith Harbour heritage site :215 (in species list) inventory) :IB0:(263) (southwestern Gulf of Georgia report) Catostomus macrocheilus (largescale sucker) 5:133(270) (re Nanaimo archaeological sites) 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem) 3: 85 (Skeena River habitat) Castalia fusoa (errant polychaete) :215 (in species list) 4:191 (in species list) Catostomus sp. (suckers, unspecified) Castanea orenata (Japanese chestnut) 1:102 (columnaris disease of, lower Fraser River) 1:288 (in species list) Cat's Ear # hairy (see Hypoohaeris radiaata) Castanea dentata (American chestnut) smooth 1:288 (in species list) [see_ Hypoohaeris glabra) Cat-tail cat-tail community) Castanea sativa (Spanish chestnut) [see Typha latifolia; 1:288 (in species list) Cat-tail Community (see also Typha latifolia) 1:131 (in hummocky areas on islands & marshes of Castilleja sp. (Indian paintbrush, unspecified) South Arm; dominant species is 4:212; 6:210 (in species list) T. latifolia; 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) list of less abundant vegetation) Cattle, dairy Castilleja unalasohoensis (yellow paintbrush) 1:183 (acreages used for production) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone :209, 210 (manure composition; disposal problems) vegetation) :H4 (grass-forb meadow component; headland flora) Caudina obesaoauda :228 (in species list) 1: 89 (off main Fraser River channel) Castor canadensis leucodontis (American beaver) 1:171, 320 (food) Cauliflower (see Brassioa botrytis) -.171, 320; 4:124; 6:110 (habitat) :217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) Causeways (see Antennae Causeway; Iona Island; 2:126 (estuarine inhabitant) Roberts Bank; Tsawwassen) :217; 3:242; 4:223; 5:192; 6:217 (in species Caverhill, P. list) 1:IBO:(442) (black brant & snow goose harvest, B.C. coast mainland, 1967-1970) 48. Cba Cer

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

C.B.A. Engineering Limited Cephalozia biouspidata 1:IB0:(457) (Boundary Bay reclamation project) 3:223 (in species list) :(457) (development of Fraser River tidal sections) Cephalozia lammersiana :(457) (impact of Boundary Bay potential & 3:223 (in species list) Roberts Bank on Delta Municipality development) Cephalozia media :(457) (Boundary Bay development) 3:223 (in species list) 9(307) (Skeena River geology) 174(380) (feasibility; recommendation; follow-up) Cepphus columba (pigeon guillemot) 175(380) (land filling operations) 1:305 (habitat; food; etc.) :IBO:(296) (Prince Rupert harbour development 2:120 (seasonal estuarine movements) report) :120; 4:121; 5:107; 6:107 (nesting sites) :213; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) Cecidomyidae (gall midges) 3:xxiv; 6:106 (estuarine sightings) 1:266 (in species list) :120 (estuarine residents) 4:121 (maintenance factors) Cecily [see_ Osmorhyiza chilensis) 5:107 (utilize estuary; residential status)

Cedar, western red (see Thuja plicata) Ceramaster patagonicus 2:195 (in species list) Celestino, J.L. 5:IB0:(262) (new records of B.C. marine algae) Cerastium arvense (chickweed) 1:281; 4:212; 5;181 (in species list) Cement Industry [see also construction industries) 3:170 (possible environmental &biotic effects) Cerastium viscosum (sticky chickweed) :170; 5:145 (production locations; suspended 4:212 (in species list) particle treatment & discharge) :171 (emission types) Cerastium vulgatum (chickweed) 5:145 (companies; composition; permits held) 1:281; 3:228; 6:201 (in species list) 3:113 (successional forest component) Census (see also Abundance) 156 (black brant at Boundary Bay) Cerastoderma 157, 158 (ducks) 1:231 (recorded on Sturgeon Bank) 166 (great blue heron nests at four areas) 168 (snowy owl in Ladner area) Ceratium (radiolarians) 171 (harbour seal pups, Boundary Bay) 2:270 [C. furca (in species list)) 327 (table of aerial, for Fraser River estuary 3:219 [c. sp. (in species list)) areas by monthly totals of waterfowl species, 1966-1974) Ceratium hirundinella (radiolarian) :328 (table for raptorial birds on estuary areas, 4: 73 (inhabit Lake Cowichan) 1970) :185 (in species list)

Central Vancouver Island Health Unit Ceratodon purpureus (a red moss) 5: 43(239) (re Departure Bay coliform data) 1:144 (forms mats around bases of desiccation- resistant plants on western end of Shady Centre for Research in Water Resources, University Island) of Texas 1:IBO:(382) (tidal inlets influence on salinity Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail; hornwort) & related phenomena in estuaries) 1:281 (in species list)

Centrogaptilus (calanoids) Ceratopogonidae=Heleidae (punkies or biting midges) 1:272 [C. porcellus (in species list)) 1:266; 3:205; 6:187 (in species list) 2:194 (Heleidid sp. (in species list)) Centropages [calanoids) 1:272 [C. mcmurrichi (in species list)) Ceratostoma foliata 2:198; 3:212 [C. abdominalis (in species list)) 2:190 (in species list) 3: 76 (re C. abdominalis consumption; planktonic status) Ceratostoma sp. (gastropod, unspecified) 3:202 (in species list) Centroptilum sp. (small mayfly, unspecified) 6:184 (in species list) Cerebratulus sp. (ribbon worm, unspecified) 4:190; 5:166; 6:188 (in species list) Cephalaspidea (see Haminoea vesicula) Ceriantharia (anemone-like anthozoans) [see Cephalopoda (see also Decapoda; Octopoda) Pachyaeriantus) 1: 84 (species in river near Steveston fish processing plants) Ceriosporopsis halima (ascomycete) : 86 (poorly represented in Boundary Bay) 4:107 (inhabit Cowichan-Chemainus region) :265, 271; 2:191; 3:205; 4:198 (in species list) 3: 75 (as food of salmonids) Cerithium (gastropods) 1: 87, 88 [C. sp. (brown & white high spired snail) in Boundary Bay marsh) 49. Cer Cha

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cerithium (gastropods) (cont'd.) 2:205 (in species list) 1:164 (food of wading birds) 4:106 (seasons of maximum growth; harbour habitats) :264 [C. moerohi; C. sp. (in species list)) 5: 92 (growth trends; abundance)

Cerorhinca moncerata (rhinocerous auklets) Chaetoderma (chiton) 3:120 (nesting sites) 4:194 (in species list) 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) Chaetognatha (arrow worms) Certhia familiaris (brown creeper) 1: 94 (in Strait of Georgia near or in Fraser River 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) estuary) 2:214; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) :270 (unidentified species) 2: 78 (observed in vicinity of Britannia Beach) Cervidae (deer) : 81 (abundance; presence in deep plankton hauls) 5:193; 6:218 (in species list) :197; 3:211 (in species list) 3:xxii (in estuary) Cervus canadensis (elk or wapiti) : 75 (consumed by Chatham Sound salmon) 3:122 (in Skeena area) : 76 (planktonic components) :244; 5:193 (in species list) 5:111 (population size; re range surveys; census Chaetopterus (polychaetes) records) 1:263 (unidentified species) 5:249 (Nanaimo species) Cervus canadensis nelsoni (Rocky Mountain elk) 2:218 (in species list) Chaetozone setosa (polychaete) 3:200; 4:192 (in species list) Cervus canadensis roosevelti (Roosevelt elk) 1:172 (exterminated in delta by mid-1800's) Chaetura vauxi (Vaux's swift) 2:218; 4:225 (in species list) 1:306 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) Cestode 3:IBO:(347) (re sockeye salmon) Challinor, J. 2:IB0:(246) (geology dictionary) Cetacea (whales and dolphins) [see also Balaenoptera; Delphinus; Esohriohtius; Lagenorhynchus; Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (yellow cedar) Megaptera; Orcinus; Phocoena; Phoooenoides) 2:208; 3:234; 6:202 (in species list) 1:IB0:(446, 450, 451); 2:IB0:(315, 318, 319); 3:108 (located in coastal western hemlock 3:IBO:(374, 377, 378) (identification biogeoclimatic zone) of) :109 (as bog vegetation) 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (world status) :112 (coastal forest component) 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) :115 (muskeg vegetation) :IB0:(374) (statistics) :116 (montane community component) 5:101 (subalpine abundance & habitat) Cetorhinus maximus (basking shark) 6: 91, 101 (habitat; forest associations) 1:275 (in species list) :101 (abundance; community positions)

Cetraria glauoa Chamomi1e 3:223 (in species list) field [see Anthemis arvensis) [see Anthemis cotula) Cetraria herrei 3:223 (in species list) Chan, K.S. 1:IB0:(379) (distribution & speciation of iron during Centraria scutata transition from river to marine water) 3:223 (in species list) Chao, C.T. Chadbreck, R. 1:IB0:(358) (physics & chemistry of Ladner soils 1:IB0:(442) (impoundments improve duck habitats) re peat yields)

Chaetoceros (diatoms) (see also Diatoms; Chaetoceros Chapin, F. ooncavicomis) 1:IB0:(457) (urban land-use planning) 1:290 [C. affinis; C. brevis; C. oonstrictus; C. convolutus; C. ourvicetus; C. debilis; Chapman, CK. C. decipien8; C. didymus; C. laainosus; 1:IB0:(358) (vertical movement of fertilizer in C. lorenzanus; C. radicans; C. similis; three Fraser Valley soils) C. teres; C. vanheurcki (in species list)) Chapman, D.R. Chaetoceros conoavicornis (diatom) 4:IB0:(265) (science dictionary) 1:149 (in Strait of Georgia phytoplankton) Chapman, J.D. Chaetoceros convoluta (diatom) 4:IB0:(273); 5:IB0:(234) (B.C. climate) 5: 92 (in Strait of Georgia phytoplankton) 5:IB0:(243) (B.C. resource atlas) Chaetoceros sp. (diatoms, unspecified) Chapman, V.J. 1:149 (in Strait of Georgia phytoplankton) 1:IBO:(431) (coastal vegetation) 2:100 (phytoplankton component) 50. Cha Che

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Chava sp. (stonewort, unspecified) Cheilostomata (see Bugula; Membranipora; Phidolopora) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) Chelifera sp. (dance fly, unspecified) Charadriidae (plovers) 6:187 (in species list) 4:120 (feeding habitat) Chelyo8oma (ascidacean) Charadrius semipalmatus (semipalmated plover) 2:196; 4:201 [C. productum (in species list)) 1:301 (habitat; food; etc.) 4:201 [C. oolumbianum (in species list)) :IB0:(441) (breeding sites) 2:212; 3:237; 4:217; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) Chemainus River Estuary and Delta 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of) 4:second frontispiece (Chemainus River delta showing Crofton Kraft pulp mill, Chemainus Harbour Charadrius vooiferus (kill deer) & Ladysmith Harbour entrance) 1:301 (food; etc.) :xix, 13, 49 (origin; river course; substrate type) :301; 4:120 (habitat) :xxi (abundance; utilization & maintenance of 2:121 (marsh visitor) salmonid stocks) :212; 3:237; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) :xxiv (sawmill effects) 4:120 (nesting sites) 3 (map of drainage basin) 5:106 (seasonal estuarine inhabitant) 4 (delta's origin, growth, faunal & floral 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of) diversity & human influences) : 4 (ecological reserve consideration for Chatham Sound scientific & recreational purposes) 3:xiv (pulp mill effluent discharged into) : 11 (port activity) : xx (receives fresh water from Skeena River) : 17 (exposure of Saanich granodiorite, Sicker : 34, 36 (re tidal effects & dissolved oxygen & Vancouver Group formations) concentrations in) : 23 (prominent delta features) : 35 (pH value; depth distribution) : 31, 39 (rain & snowfall patterns — averages & : 36, 37 (seasonal nitrate & phosphate extremes) concentration & distributions) : 40 (wind stations, speeds, strengths & direction : 38 (aesthetics) frequencies) : 40 (oceanographic studies re regional water : 41 (air pollution potential; dominant wind exchange) direction; mean wind speed) 77 (history of regional shrimp fishery) : 42 (storm & inversion frequencies) 105 (algal species diversity & abundance) : 43 (discharge area; runoff characteristics) IBO (324) (fresh water) : 46 (flow records measured at Westholme) (324, 329) (oceanography) : 49, 84 (drainage area; mean & extreme flow (339) (salmon stomach contents) rates; temperatures; river gradients; biology; substrate composition) Chatterton, A. : 50 (discharge hydrograph) 2: 25(256) (profile developments found on various : 55 (water quality studies concerning oxygen land forms) concentrations & water temperatures) :144(304) (logging of Stawamus area by Squamish : 76 (effects of cellulose deposition in Chemainus Sawmills Limited) Bay) : 76 (species abundance & distribution) Chattin, J.E. : 76 (environmental alterations) 4:IB0:(301) (estuarine usage by waterfowl & other : 78 (invertebrates) migratory birds) : 79 (environmental factors influencing plankton abundance, distribution & diversity in Chatwin, B.M. Chemainus Bay) 1:115(412); 3:IB0:(346) (dogfish feeding habits in : 84 (floods; falls; flows; sediment disturbances) Fraser River mouth) : 84, 85 (salmonid stocks & distributions) 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346) (tagging chum salmon in : 86 (re Johnstone Strait fishing stocks) Johnston Strait) : 89 (chum salmon - upstream migration; spawning 3:IB0:(342) (results from tagging spawning Petrale season; habitat; peak spawning period) sole [Eopsetta jordani) stocks) : 91 (chinook salmon —spawning season; location; :(346) (investigation of Skidegate Inlet & peak spawning period; pressures; escapements) Hecate Strait butter sole stocks) : 92, 93 (steelhead -spawning season; populations; distributions; behavior; freshwater; resi Chatwin, S.C. dence; habitats; locations; environmental 4:IBO:(266) (southwestern Vancouver Island glacial considerations; peak spawning period) movements & surficial deposits) : 94 (cutthroat trout -distribution; habitat; behavior; food; spawning season; locations) Cheakamus : 94 (distribution of juvenile rainbow trout) 2:IB0 (250) (report) : 96 (brown bullhead - introduction; distribution) (254, 268) (flow data) : 99 (fisheries supplied by chinook & coho stocks (293) (fisheries data) from) :100 (sport fishing -quality; extent of) Cheilonereis (polychaetes) :107 (eelgrass beds) 6:188 [C. sp. (in species list)) :108(298) (deltaic flora -salinity tolerances; community distributions) Cheilonereis oyolurus :114 (status, distribution & disruption of flora) 1:262; 2:188 (in species list) :115(292) (faunal status) :118 (wintering waterfowl habitat rating) 51. Chi Che

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Chemainus River Estuary and Delta (cont'd.) Chiohorium intybus (chicory] 126 (waterfowl hunting) 1:128 (in species list) 127 (hunters attracted & deer harvested) 132 (economic basis) Chickadee 137 (diversion of) black-capped [see_ Parus atricapillis) 149 (pollution sources & effects) boreal [see Parus hudsonicus) 154 (salmon escapements) chestnut-backed (see Parus rufescens) 205 (anadromous fish escapement data) mountain [see Parus gambeli) IBO:(269, 274, 287, 299, 309) (environment) :(274) (wind; waves) Chicken (see Poultry) :(275, 276) (water supply) Chickweed :(275, 276, 291, 301, 305) (sport fishing; (see recreation; wildlife) mouse-ear Cerastium arvense) :(276) (physical aspects) sticky [see Cerastium viscosum) unspecified [see Stellaria sp.) :(277) (conservation efforts) [see Cerastium vulgatum) :(278) (harbour studies) [see Stellaria media) :(283) (natural history) :(301, 305, 307, 312) (dam construction; environmental impact) Chicory (see Chiohorium intybus) :(308) (history) Chilcotin River ,.. :(314) (Chemainus Bay environmental survey) 1:111 (Pacific lamprey upper limit in Fraser Chemicals (see names of chemical elements; pollution River system) from chemical products) Chilliwack [see also Chilliwack River) 1: 19 (upper limit of tidal effect at low Fraser Chen oaerulesoens caerulescens (snow goose, blue River flows) goose) : 58 (manganese ion in river near) # l:xvii (use of estuary) •102, 103, 104 (fish & spawning in river mainstemj :295 (habitat; food; etc.) \146'(duck habitats on islands of river as far :327 (census table) east as) .. . :IB0:(442); 2:IB0:(318) (harvest; wintering :340 (permit for domestic effluent discharger: population) amount, biological oxygen demand, total :(449); 2:IB0:(318) (migration) 2:210; 3:236; 4:216; 6:185; 6:212 (in species list) suspended solids, possible chlorine 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) residuals) 5:105; 6:104 (abundance) Chilliwack River 6:104 (sightings) 1: 49 (streamflow) :104 (chum salmon spawning) Chen hyperborea (lesser snow goose) :105 (chinook salmon spawning) 1:155-156 (habitat; migration) :254 (sediment load types)

4-151(3li) (re effluent effects on phytoplankton) Chilton,3: 88(354)D. (list of Skeena estuary fish species]„M„4t>*\ Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family) (see also Atriplex; Chimaphila menziesii (Prince's pine or pipsissewa) Chenopodium; Salicornia; Suaeda) 3:228; 6:203 (in species list) 6:201 (in species list) 4:112 (herb of coastal Douglas fir zone) Chenopodium album (lamb's quarters) Chimaphila umbellata (western Prince's pine) 1:281; 5:180; 6:201 (in species list) 6:203 (in species list) (lamb's quarters) Chenopodium botrys Chinitz, B. ,.^ ... 1:281 (in species list) 1:IB0:(457) (economics of metropolitan growth) Chenopodium oapitum (strawberry blight) Chionoectes bairdi (tanner crab) 1:281 (in species list) 2: 74, 155 (habitat) : 76 (juveniles observed) Chenopodium murale (goosefoot) : 77 (west delta abundance of) 1:132 (in delta tidal flats) :148 (east delta abundance) :159 (Britannia Beach inhabitant) Cherry :193 (in species list) autumn [see Planatus subhertella autwrmalis) [see Prunus emarginata) bitter Chioraea leonina (gastropod) choke [see Prunus virginiana) 5:169 (in species list) spring [see Planatus subhertella) unspecified [see Prunus sp.) Chipmunk ... least [see Eutamias minimus) Chess, soft [see Bromus mollis) northwestern (see Eutamias amaensie) Townsend (see Eutamias townsendi towsendi) Chestnut . American (see Castanea dentata) Chiridius (calanoi ds) t Japanese (see. Castanea orenata) 1:272 [C. tenuispinus (in species list)) Spanish (see Castanea sativa) 2:198 [C. sp. (in species list)) 52. Chi Cho

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Chiridota sp. (sea cucumbers, unspecified) 2:165 (re sodium chlorate plant effluents; 1:269; 4:201 (in species list) permissible discharges; pH &temperature) 4: 74 (biomass found in Stuart Channel substrate; 167, 169 (amount discharged) ecological significance) IB0:(305) (re vegetation damage) 149 (acceptable &damaging levels to foliage) Chironomidae (midges) (see also Tendipedidae) 1: 91 (as dunlin feed in delta) Chloroperla sp, (green stonefly, unspecified) :113 (larvae as food of white sturgeon) 6:184 (in species list) :266 (mention of synonymy with Tendipedidae) 2: 71 (larvae as food of salmon fry) Chloroperlidae (green stoneflies) : 72 (chum & coho salmon food resource) 3:205; 6:184 (in species list) :194 (Chironomid sp. (in species list)) 3:206 (in species list) Chlorophyceae (green algae) 3:219 (in species list) Chironominae 6: 92 (intertidal habitat; abundance; species 6:185 (in species list) composition) Chironomu8 6:185 [C. nervosus; C. sp. (in species list)) Chlorophyll-a (see also Phytoplankton) l:xvi (probable substantial production near Fraser Chiroptera (bats) [see also Corynorhinus; Eptesicus; River estuary open sandflats) Lasionyoteris; Lasiuris; Myotis) :148 (disagreement with above) 3:242; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) :IBO:(438) (Strait of Georgia distribution) 2: 99 (spatial distribution of) Chitinopoma groenlandia 2:188 (in species list) Chlorophyte sp. (chlorophyte, unspecified) 2:205 (in species list) Chitonotus pugetensis (roughback sculpin) 5:173 (in species list) Chocolate Lily (see Fritillaria oamschatoensis)

Chitty, D.H. Chondracanthidae (Copepoda) 1:IBO:(392) (Fraser River basin biological problems) 1:IB0:(401); 2:IB0:(285); 3:IB0:(338) (with respect to B.C. fish) Chlamys hastata henriaia (bivalve) 3:203; 4:196 (in species list) Chone (polychaetes) 1:263 [C. sp. (in species list)) Chlamys rubida (bivalve) 4:192 [C. infundibuliformis (in species list)) 3:203 (in species list) Chondrococcus (now Flexibacter) oolumnaris [see Chlamys Vancouverensis (bivalve) Disease) 4:196 (in species list) 1:IBO:(412, 429, 430) (isolation & control in Catostomus sp.) Chlidonias niger (brant tern) 1:305 (habitat; food; etc.) Chonelasma calyx :IB0:(440); 2:IB0:(312) (sightings; nesting habitat) 2:186 (in species list)

Chloride Ion (see also Salinity) Choo, A.H.F. 1: 57, 58, 59 (levels in estuary waters) 1:IB0:(483); 3:IB0:(395) (water quality impairment :212; 2:162 (in industrial effluents) through decaying wood) :255-257 (routine determination localities in 2:149(338) (decay of wood particles & generation river basin waters, re water quality) of gases)

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons [see also Polychlorinated Choquette, P.J. biphenyls) 6:158(282) (ambient air quality assessment for 1:126 (effects on heterotrophic bacteria) area surrounding Alcan's Kitimat :IB0:(430, 478, 479) (behavior of) smelter) 4:145 (concentrations detected in biological :IB0:(282) (air pollution assessment near Alcan's systems) smelter, Kitimat, B.C.)

Chlorine Chordata [see Ascidiacea; Larvacea; Tunicata) 1:206, 207 (effects of residual on fish) 2:195, 200; 3:210, 212; 4:202 (in species list) :206-209 (treatment of sewage) :207 (ozone as substitute) Chordeiles minor (common nighthawk) :207, 208 (dechlorinating agents for treated 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) sewage, e.g. sulphur dioxide & sodium 6:108 (seasonal abundance) sulphite; necessity of dechlorination for discharge near shellfish bed or recreational Chorilia longipes facilities) 2:193 (in species list) :339 (chloramines) :339-341 (permit applications for discharge of Choristoneura orae (spruce budworm) domestic sewage containing free or residual 6:xxv (infestation; damage; control) chlorine) : 68 (extent of infestation) 2:162 (in chlor-alkali plant effluents) : 69 (damaged area; extent of damage; cyclical :164 (re fish kills) abundance) 53. Cir Cho

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Chow, T.J. Church, I.R. 1:IB0:(382) (seasonal copper concentrations in 1:295-297, 318(346) (birds of Fraser River delta) Juan de Fuca Strait surface waters) Church, M. Christian, C 1:IBO:(358) (lower Fraser River sedimentation & 1:IB0:(457) (concept of land units &systems) morphology)

Christian!' and Nielsen of Canada Limited Cobioides 1:IBO:(372) (hydrology in Fraser River Main Arm 1:259 [C. fletcheri; C. lobatulus (in species list), re Deas Island Tunnel) Cicadellidae (leafhopper aphids) Christiansen, E.R. 1:266 (in species Isit) 6: 6(253) (historic Kitimat logging operations) 18(255) (re gravel removal) Cicely, sweet (see Osmorhiza occidentalis) 109(273) (Indian sea line catch) 127(276) (re logging) Cicuta douglasii (water hemlock) 128(274) (yearly logging activities summary) 3:228; 6:210 (in species list) IBO:(268) (annual narrative report 1970-1973, Kitimat District No. 7) Cicuta maoulata (water hemlock) :(284) (provisional environmental quality 2:106 (habitat) objectives) :207; 3:228; 6:210 (in species list) 3:116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation) Christie, R.L. 6:102 (abundance; community position) 1:IB0:(358) (geology of Lions (peaks) region, with notes on Vancouver Area glaciation & Cidarina oidarina (gastropod) physiography) 3:203 (in species list) Chrocooous turgidus (alga) Ciliata (see also Tintinnida) 1:143 (in bog water) 5:IB0:(249, 255) (B.C. occurrence)

Chromium Ion Cinolus mexicanus (dipper) 1: 58 (noticeable in sediments at Canoe Pass & 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) Pattullo Bridge) 2:214; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) :211 (as toxic constituent in tannery effluents) :213 (in petrochemical industry effluents) Cinna latifolia (nodding reedgrass) 3: 83 (levels in Cronin Creek) 3:228 (in species list) Chromulina sp. (alga, unspecified) Cinquefoil (see Potentilla pacifica) 3:102 (period of peak abundance) :220 (in species list) Ciona intestinalis 2:196 (in species list) Chroococcus sp. (blue-green alga, unspecified) 3:102 (period of peak abundance) Circaea alpina (enchanter's nightshade) :219 (in species list) 3:113 (floodplain vegetation) :228; 6:206 (in species list) Chrosomus eos (redbelly dace) 3: 85 (co-existence with Skeena River whitefish) Circulation [see also Oceanography; Howe Sound) :215 (in species list) 1:IB0:(349) (tidal & shallow estuary flushing & exchange processes) Chrysanthemum leuchanthemum (ox-eye daisy) 2: 47 (restricted in northern Howe Sound) 1:281; 6:201 (in species list) 47 (unrestricted in southern Howe Sound) 48 (numerical modelling with respect to) Chrysemys marginata belli (Bell's painted turtle) 51 (fresh water) 5:193 (in species list) 52 (elucidation of; surface circulation in upper Howe Sound) Chrysemys piata belli (western painted turtle) : 63 (estuarine water exchange; eddy diffusion 1:326 (habitat; food) rate; deep water exchange via mixing & 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) diffusion; water renewal processes) : 64 (surface studies re dyking & shoreline Chrysocapsa sp. (alga, unspecified) alterations) 3:220 (in species list) :129 (re phytoplankton abundance & distribution) :174 (Mamquam Channel) Chrysochromulina sp. (alga, unspecified) :IB0:(270) (lateral inlet circulation) 3:220 (in species list) I: 35 (in Porpoise Harbour -Porpoise Channel region) Chrysophyceae (algae) : 56 (circulation dynamics; factors effecting) 3:220 (in species list) : 57 (mixing; tidal transport; water exchange; pollution potential) Chthamalus (barnacle) :IB0:(325) (air circulation indices-sea surface 4:198 [C. sp. (in species list)) temperature comparison) 5:167, 170 [c. dalli (in species list)) \: 63, 70 (Stuart Channel) : 68 (vertical circulation in Stuart Channel) Chub, peamouth (see Mylooheilus oaurinus) : 70 (patterns; potential & current water pollution problems re) 54. Cir CI a

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Circulation (cont'd) 91(346) (value & size of salmon catch) :IB0:(279); 5:IB0:(241) (wind-stress induced) 92(346) (value, size &methods of halibut capture) :280 (Cowichan Bay) 93(346) (total fish catch) 43 (with respect to Kitimat Arm) 94(346) (fish products) 47 (estuarine flushing-frequency &implications) 94(346) (people employed in fishing industry) 62 (bi-layer estuarine circulation) 139(381) (land use trends) 140(381) (commercial & retail industry in) Circuliordae (weevils) 142, 154 (381,387) (Canadian Cellulose Company) 1:266 (in species list) 163(387) (lumber leases) 163(387) (log handling) Circus oyaneus (marsh hawk) 164(387) (sawmilling & associated industries) 1:167-168, 300 (habitat; predation; etc.) IBO:(297) (City of Prince Rupert) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) :(302) (comparison with Squamish as coal 2:123 (delta raptor) exporting terminal) :212; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 4:122 (regional inhabitants) Cladocera (Branchiopoda)(water fleas) 6:108 (seasonal occurrence re nesting) 1: 82 (water fleas of Richmond sphagnum bog) :267, 269 (mention of unidentified marine & fresh Cirolana kinkaidi (isopod) water forms) 3:207 (in species list) 2: 81 (as food of fish) :198 (unidentified species in species list) Cirolana sphaeromiformis (isopod) 3:xxii (consumed by freshwater fish) 4:199 (in species list) : 66 [Bosimina longispina* Daphina longispina & Polyphemus pediculus consumed by salmon fry) Cirolana sp. (isopod, unspecified) : 75 (consumed by anadromous fish) 3:207 (in species list) :207, 212; 4:187, 198; 6:187, 190 (in species list) 4: 73 (of Cowichan Lake) Cirratulidae (polychaetes) 6: 70 (habitat & surrounding water quality) 1:263; 3:200 (in species list) : 72, 80, 81 (as salmonid food resources) 3: 68 [Cirratulus sp. noted in Porpoise Harbour) Cladonia (lichens) Cirratulus oirratus spectabilis (polychaete) 1:279 [C. fimbriata (in species list)) 3:200 (in species list) :279; 3:223, 224 [C. bellidiflora; C. orispata; C. furoata; C. gracilis; C. impexa; C. mites; Cirrenalia maorocephala (marine fungus) C. ochroohlora; C. rangiferina; C. squamosa; 1:278 (in species list) C. sylvatioa; C. unoialis (in species list)) 5: 91 (wood inhabiting marine fungi of Nanaimo 4:112 (habitat; Douglas fir-salal-lichen associa region) tions) :211 (in species list) Cirripedia (barnacles) [see Balanus) 3:206; 4:198; 5:167, lToT 6:190 (in species list) Cladophora albida (green alga) :213 (nauplii; cypris larvae (in species list)) 3:219 (in species list)

Cirsium arvensis (Canada thistle) Cladophora microcladioides (intertidal alga) 1:281 (in species list) 5:179 (in species list) Cirsium lanoelatum (bull thistle) Cladophora seriaoa (green alga) 1:281 (in species list) 3:219 (in species list) Cirsium sp. (thistles, unspecified) Cladophora sp. (algae, unspecified) 1:282; 4:212; 6:201 (in species list) 1:146 (in freshwater zone (Canoe Pass)) 5: 17 (habitat with respect to soil type; logged :147 (in Iona Island sewage plant channel outfall) areas) 5:179 (in species list) 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) Cladothamnus pyrolaeflorus (copper bush) Cirsium undulatum (woody thistle) 3:116 (montane community component) 1:282; 5:181 (in species list) :235 (in species list)

Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) CIague, J.J. 1:282; 5:181 (in species list) 6: 12(255) (location, composition, thickness & elevation of Pleistocene and Recent Citharichthys sordidus (Pacific sanddab) deposits) 1:166 (as food of great blue heron) : 17, 175(255) (Kitimat-Terrace sand & gravel re 3:215; 4:207; 5:173 (in species list) sources) 4: 97 (juveniles inhabit Cowichan estuary) :IBO:(255) (bibliography of Canadian Pacific marine geoscience information) Citharichthys stigmaeus (speckled sanddab) 1:275; 4:207; 5:173 (in species list) Clam 4: 97 (juveniles inhabit Cowichan estuary) bent-nosed (see Macoma; M. nasuta) butter [see Saxidomus) City of Prince Rupert cockle (see Clinooardium) 3: 78(337) (size & value of regional crab, shrimp false Mya [see Cryptomya) & octopus fishery) horse [see Sohizothaerus) 55. CI a Cle

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Clam (cont'd.) Clark, K.B. little-necked (see Protothaoa; Venerupis) 1:IBO:(458) (marine recreation planning methodology mud (see Mya) re Gulf Islands & San Juan Islands) soft-shelled [see Mya) tell en [see Tellina) Clark, M.J.R. 1:IB0:(377) (pollution re lower & upper Fraser Clams (unspecified) River & the river in general) 1: 83 (in Fraser River near Mission) : 84 (in river near Steveston fish processing Clark P. plants) 6:IB0:(274) (Kitimat A Saga of Canada! : 97 (Boundary Bay recreational fishery) : 98 (map of major beds in Boundary Bay area) Clarke, J. :160 (food of ducks) 1:IB0:(392) (Fraser River basin biological problems) :222 (re food chain) :264-265 (in species list) Clarke, M.F. :271 (larvae in zooplankton) 1:183(458) (acreages of Fraser River delta used :IB0:(403); 2:IB0:(288); 3:IB0:(339); 4:IB0:(288) for rearing farm animals & birds) (problems; investigations) :210(458) (pollution from farm animal wastes) :(404); 2:IB0:(288); 3:IB0:(339); 4:IB0:(289) :210(458) (pollution from chemical fertilizers) (identification; enemies) :211(458) (safety of feed additives in end :(404); 2:IBO:(289); 3:IB0:(348) (deep water products of farm stock) survey) 2:IB0:(322) (report to Pacific Region Task Force :(405); 2:IB0:(289); 3:IB0:(341); 4:IB0:(290) (Lower Fraser River & Strait of (fishery) Georgia) re agriculture & the 3:xxiii; 5: 74 (abundance) environment) 4:xxi (biological associations; geographical distribution) Clathrodrilla (gastropod) : 78 (inhabit Cowichan estuary) 4:194 (in species list) : 83 (species harvested) 5: 74 (habitat; harvesting practices & trends) Clawson, M. 6: 75 (location, regulations & nature of 1:IBO:(458) (outdoor recreation economics) commercial operations) : 75 (area closures) Claxton, C 4:IBO:(263) (southwestern Gulf of Georgia report) Clangula hyemalis (oldsquaw) 5:133(270) (re Nanaimo archaeological sites) 1:160, 162, 297 (food; etc.) :160, 162, 297; 2:116 (habitat) Clay, C.H. 2:116 (distribution; density; over-wintering 1:IBO:(412) (fisheries problems related to major population dynamics) industrial problems on the Pacific :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:188; 6:213 (in species list) Coast) 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) 5:106 (estuarine abundance) Clays (see also Sediments) xiv; 6: 12, 13 (origins) Claopodium bolanderi 13 (grain size) 3:224 (in species list) 231 (good substrate for detritus-feeding infauna) IB0:(361); 2:IB0:(257) (oceanic distribution) Claopodium orispifolium :(377); 2:IBO:(265) (ecological significance) 3:224 (in species list) xx (channel margin sediments) 12, 13 (distribution; age; characteristics; Clapp, C.H. elevation; thickness; composition; 4: 14(267); 5: 9(226) (southern Vancouver Island associated fossils) geology) 14, 15 (cause, extent & location of submarine : 15(267) (Vancouver Group formations) distribution) : 16(267) (formations of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo series) Claytonia sibirica (Siberian miner's lettuce) : 17(267) (composition & location of oldest rocks) 3:228 (in species list) : 17(267) (re Vancouver group volcanics) :227 (Ladysmith Harbour to Saanich Inlet) Cleas, R. :IB0:(266); 5:IB0:(226) (southeastern portion of 1:IB0:(349) (exchange processes in shallow Vancouver Island) estuaries) :(267) (geology of Victoria Saanich map areas) 5:IBO:(226) (Nanaimo coalfield geology) Clemens, W.A. :(226) (Nanaimo map area geology) 1:101, 102(411) (numbers of migratory, semi- :9226) (southern Vancouver Island geology) migratory & anadromous fishes in lower Fraser River) Clark, D.W. :107(418, 419) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye 5: 83(258) (re peamouth chub introductions) salmon migrating into & within river) :111(411) (Pacific lamprey distribution in river Clark, J. system) 1:IBO:(412) (Atlantic coastal fishes estuarine :112(411) (American shad in river) dependence) :113(412) (white sturgeon biology in river) 4:IB0:(283) (ecological considerations for coastal :114(411) (staghorn sculpin & starry flounder in zone management) Fraser River delta system) 56. Cle Cli

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Clemens, W.A. (cont'd.) 1: 32-37; 2: 27, 30; 4: 31 (regional annual 1:123(412) (sea-run cutthroat trout sport fishery) averages) :163(449) (red-breasted merganser feed, re Fraser : 33-34, 36-39; 2: 31 (temperature stations; River estuary) annual averages; snowfall; July & January :296-298, 318(449) (waterfowl utilization of means) estuary) : 33-34, 42-43; 3: 36 (humidity; cloud cover; :IBO:(412) (Fraser River sockeye salmon re sunshine statistics; trends; data) practical power development) 38, 40-42, 45-48; 2: 31-36; 4: 40 (wind stations) :(412); 3:IB0:(346) (salmon migration in B.C. 40-42, 45-48; 2: 31-36; 4:xx ,30 ,40 (directions) waters) 40-42, 45-48; 4: 40 (speeds) :(431); 3:IB0:(365); 5:IB0:(251) (red water 43-44; 3: 36; 6: 31 (visibility) bloom in B.C. waters) 44-45 (evapotranspiration) 2: 84(293) (distributional range & list of some 44-45; 5: 21, 22, 28 (evaporation) B.C. fish species) 45-48; 2: 36, 37; 6: 31, 32 (air pollution :117(317) (salmon eggs as common merganser [Mergus potential re winds & inversions) merganser) & red-breasted merganser :239; 2:182; 3:189; 4:167 (ongoing research [Mergus serrator) food) projects) :IBO:(317); 3:IBO:(376) (American merganser in :244 (mean data at Vancouver Airport for period B.C., re fish populations) 1937-1974) :(317); 3:IB0:(376); 4:IB0:(253, 303) (water :245 (prevailing wind direction & mean annual speed fowl re spawning of B.C. herring) at Tsawwassen ferry terminal; Sand Heads :(346) (Canadian Pacific coast fish) lighthouse) 4: 96(293) [Cottus aleuticus & Cottus asper) :IB0:(369); 2:IB0:(263); 3:IB0:(315); 4:IB0:(273) :IBO:(303) (food & feeding habits of B.C. red- (data summaries) breasted merganser) :(369-372); 2:IBO:(263-264); 3:IB0:(315-316); 5: 82(258) (spawning season; location & age of 4:IBO:(273-273); 5:IBO:(233-235); rainbow trout) 6:IBO:(259-260) (bibliography) :IBO:(251) (red-water bloom in Nanaimo waters) :(370); 2:IB0:(263); 3:IB0:(315) (1968-1069 winter) Clemys marmorata (Pacific terrapin) :(370); 2:IB0:(263, 264); 3:IB0:(315); 4:IB0: 1:326 (habitat; food) (274); 5:IB0:(233, 235) (B.C. & Yukon zonation; classification) Clethrionomys gapperi oaurinus (Gapper's redback vole) :(371) (air movements) 2:217; 3:242 (in species list) 2: 27, 28; 4: 30(273); 5: 19(233, 234); 6: 21, 31 (259) (data collection) Clethrionomys oocidentalis (western redback vole) 27, 30 (extremes) 1:320 (habitat) 29 (map) 30 (monthly precipitation) Clethrionomys sp. (redback vole, unspecified) 31-36 (speeds &factors affecting patterns) 3:122 (inhabit Skeena region) 32-33 (northerly outflow ("Squamish") wind origins, velocities, duration, periodicity Clevelandia ios (arrow goby) & variations) 1:116, 117 (preferred habitat in Boundary Bay) 33 (southerly inflow winds -origins, velocity- 4: 98 (occur in Cowichan-Chemainus region; position averages & extremes, periodicity, duration in food chain) & development of) :207 (in species list) 34-35 (diurnal sea-breeze circulations -origin of; factors affecting; periodicity; dynamics Cliff, D.D. of; cycle of fluctuations of) 2: 44(265) (estuarine primary & secondary produc 35 (wind rose; diagram) tivity & water analysis) 180 (climatology information source) : 79(265) (zooplankton community analysis) 232; 3:282; 4:252 (glossary) : 98(304) (estuary phytoplankton) IB0:(263); 4:IB0:(273); 5:IB0:(233); 6:IB0:(259) : 99(304) (seasonal phytoplankton abundance) (sunshine tables) :100(304) (seasonal species dominance in 3:xxi, 17, 41 (modified maritime climate controls phytoplankton community) & prevailing winds) :100(304) (reasons for limited primary productivity : 17 (development of & research required in Skeena & marshland importance) River estuary area) -.205(304) (phytoplankton genera-list) : 17; 5: 19 (history) :IB0:(246) (report to the Squamish Task Force : 19 (Prince Rupert, Prince Rupert Airport, Lawyer meeting (DOE Section)) Island & Port Essington weather data re :(252) (environmental impact study re Howe temperature, precipitation, sunshine &winds) Sound & delta) : 20, 21, 22, 23; 4: xx, 30, 35-38; 5: 21, 22, 28; :(252) (environmental impact of proposed 6: 23, 24, 31 (climate summaries re tempera British Columbia Railway port ture; precipitation; winds; frost; thunder; development on Mamquam River delta) sunshine; cloud cover; fog) 24, 25 (Prince Rupert & Lawyer Island wind rose) xx, 23, 30; 5:xxii, 18, 19; 6: 21, 25, 26 Climatology (precipitation) 1: 30-31; 2:xviii, 26 (general description) XX, 30 (seasonal regime) : 31-34, 37; 2: 27, 28, 29; 4: 17, 19, 30; 5: 19, XX, 30; 5:xxii, 18, 19, 24-28; 6: 26, 31 20; 6: 21, 31 (climatological station (prevailing winds) establishments) xx, 30, 40 (wind strengths) : 32-37; 2: 27, 30; 3:xxi, 17; 4: 31 (precipita 40; 5: 30 (land-sea breeze circulations) tion patterns) 111 (type) 57. Clu CI i

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX red (see Trifolium pratense) Climatology (cont'd.) sweet [see Melilotus alba) 4:IB0:(273); 5:IB0:(233, 234); 6:IB0:(259) (B.C. unspecified [see Trifolium sp.) normals & extremes; meteorological white (see Trifolium repens) observations & bibliography) yellow [see Melilotus officinalis] :(274); 5:IB0:(235) (Canadian) 5:xxii, 18, 19, 23, 24; 6: 26 (temperature) Cloverdale Lagoon : 18 (classification) 1:340 (permit application for domestic effluents : 19 (history) discharger re amount; biological oxygen : 28, 29 (re agricultural capabilities & crop demand; total suspended solids; diversion; restrictions) possible chlorine residuals) : 30 (characteristic wind cycles; diurnal & seasonal surface-based inversion frequencies Clunio (dipteran) & wind strengths regarding dispersion of 6:190 (c. sp. (in species list)) airborne pollutants) 6:xxiii, xxiv, 20 (general description re Clupea harengus pallasi (Pacific herring) classification; predominant weather system l:xvii, 138 (delta foreshore marshes; Boundary & Mud & seasonal characteristics) Bays eel grass beds as noted rearing grounds) : 21, 31 (monitoring; operational history) : 95 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near Fraser : 31 (atmospheric & vapor pressure measurements) River mouth) :169 (conditions re dispersion of industrial air :116, 117 (as food of dogfish) emissions) :117 (contribution to stock & importance to food :IBO:(259) (North American classification) web, in Boundary Bay) :117(422); 2: 92, 93(299, 300, 307); 3:IB0:(357, Clinocardium (cockle clam) [see also Clams) 363); 4: 87; 5: 84(257); 6: 83(268) (spawn 1: 86, 88, 90 [C. sp. in Boundary Bay) ing -success; season; duration; extinction; 265 [Cardium corbis (in species list)) protection; habitat; volume; preferred 74 [C. oaliforniesense associations) substrate; stocks; locations; factors 203 [C. oaliforniesense (in species list)) affecting & influences on; maps records) 124; 6: 83, 85 (commercial exploitation) Clinocardium fuoarum (bivalve) 163; 2:116, 117 (as food of mergansers) 3:204; 4:196 (in species list) ;212 (re food chain) :275; 2:201; 3:215; 4:206; 5:173; 6:195 (in Clinocardium nuttalli (bivalve) species list) 1:264; 2:191; 3:204; 4:196; 5:167 (in species list) :IB0:(417, 422); 2:IB0:(297, 299); 3: 87(351, 352, 2: 75, 148 (re absence from log booming & storage 357, 363); 5: 85, 86; 6: 83 (abundance grounds) & extent of spawn) 5: 70 (estuarine habitat) :(422); 2:xix, 87(299, 300, 307); 3:IBO:(357); : 74 (commercial & recreational demand; value; 4: 98, 100(296); 5: 84 (abundance) palatability) :(422); 2:IB0:(299, 300, 307); 3:IB0:(357) (propagation) Clinocottus acuticeps (sharpnose sculpin) :(424); 2:IBO:(301) (river lamprey parasitism) 1:116 (young feeding in Boundary Bay) :(426); 2:IB0:(302); 3:IB0:(361)(catch statist 3:215; 4:206; 5:173 (in species list) ics; regulatory quotas; recruitment) :(426); 2:IB0:(301); 3:IB0:(361); 4:IB0:(296) Clinooottus embryum (calico sculpin) (mortality) 3:215; 4:207 (in species list) :(426); 2:IB0:(302); 3:IB0:(361); 5: 84 (age composition) Clintorria uniflora (queen's cup) :xix, 87 (food) 2:108 (common in Pacific silver fir-western hemlock :xix, 87, 92, 93; 5: 84 (habitat) subzone) 71 (feeding on chum fry during spring freshet) :207; 3:228; 4:212; 6:206 (in sepcies list) 72 (mysid consumption) 6:100 (abundance; community position) 85, 86; 5: 85, 86 (locations observed) 87 (larval abundance) Cliona oelata 87; 3: 87; 4:IBO:(296) (population dynamics of) 2:186 (in species list) 88 (peak abundance period) 92, 93; 3: 92; 5: 84 (trends) Cliona sp. (sponge, unspecified) 93, 149 (fishery & food chain losses) 4:189 (in species list) 116, 117 (as food of greater scaup) 173, 175 (estuarine usage) Closterium sp. (green alga, unspecified) :xxiii (inhabit Skeena region) 3:219 (in species list) 87; 4:IBO:(296) (variable population size

Cloudberry [see Rubus chamaemorus) : 92; 3: 92; 4:IB0:(296) (history & stability of Cloudiness fishery) 1: 42 (seasonal pattern) :151 (production methods, marketable products; :244 (mean July & December; annual, for 1937-1974 waste products-usage & disposal of) at airport) :IB0:(345) (Vancouver Island runs) :(361) (Prince Rupert run; water conditions) Clover alsike (see : 97 (inhabit Cowichan estuary) Trifolium hydridum) : 98, 100(296) (Gulf Island stock size, rearing least hop or little yellow (see Trifolium dubium) low hop (see habitat, spawning location & fishing Trifolium procumbens) restricts) Pacific or springbank (see Trifolium worm- :IB0:(293) (juvenile vertebral numbers) skjoldii) Clu 58. Cob

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Clupea harengus pallasi (Pacific herring) (cont'd.) Coastline & Coastal Zone Topics 84 (diet - larvae & juvenile; predators) 1:IB0:(344); 2:IB0:(245, 253); 3:IB0:(295) (two 84(259); 6: 85 (growth) management program status reports) 86 (importance to salmon) :(345); 3:IB0:(296) (shoreline papers) 86, 123; 6: 85 (roe fishery - location, methods, :(349); 2:IBO:(249, 300) (work-shop proceed season, history, basis, value, economics & ings) resource management, quality) :(350, 455, 471); 2:IB0:(321) (marine parks) 6: 83, 85 (stock size) :(351, 471); 2:IB0:(251, 322, 325, 326); : 90 (Indian involvement - regulations & quotas) 3:IBO:(302, 385) (shores) :(352); 2:IB0:(246, 252); 3:IB0:(296, 304); Clutter, R.I. 4:IB0:(283) (multiple use) 1:108(412) (factors affecting lake exit of various :(353); 3:IB0:(305); 4:IB0:(283) (estuarine sockeye salmon races in Fraser River management) system) :(356); 2:IB0:(255, 304) (soils) :(368) (sedimentation) Cnemidooarpa (ascidacean) :(372); 2:IBO:(265); 3:IBO:(317) (hydrodynamics) 2:196; 4:202 [c. finmarkiensis (in species list)) :(384) (coastal processes) :(390); 3:IB0:(330) (sea-level oscillations) Cnemidooarpa joannoe (ascidacean) :(419); 2:IB0:(297) (fisheries trends & yield 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) fluctuations with respect to climate) :202 (in species list) :(438) (northeastern Pacific animal distribu tion with respect to physical & chemical Cnidaria (see also Anthozoa; Hydrozoa; Scyphozoa) conditions) 3:211; 4:189; 5:169 (in species list) :(456); 2:IB0:(321); 3:IB0:(380); 4:IB0:(264) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel Abundance) (land use planning; recreational potential) Coal :(463); 2:IB0:(246, 252); 3:IB0:(296, 382); 3:IB0:(306, 311) (Groundhog field) 4:IBO:(283) (management) 4:IB0:(266, 267, 271); 5:IB0:(225, 226, 230) :(463); 3:IB0:(382) (usage; ownership; access) (Nanaimo field) :(483); 2:IB0:(337, 338); 3:IB0:(394, 395); :(267); 5:IBO:(224, 228, 230, 273) (Vancouver 4:IB0:(317); 5:IB0:(246, 397) Island deposits) (pollution) 5:IB0:(226) (Cassidy Seam; Douglas Seam) :(485); 2:IB0:(319) (coastal geology studies) :(228, 231, 274) (mining; geology; petrography; 2:IB0:(246) (unpublished reports re) deposition environment) :(246) (Bulletin No. 3) :(229) (reserves) :(246, 252); 3:IB0:(296); 4:IB0:(283) :(231) (analysis directory) (conservation) :(285) (Nanaimo importance) :(249) (preliminary report) :(250) (bibliography re coastal estuarine Coastal Cutthroat Trout [see Salmo clarki clarki) ecology) :(255) (geology) Coastal Douglas Fir Zone :(260); 3:IB0:(312) (coastal mountain plutonic 2:107 (precipitation species) & associated rocks) 4:xxii (characteristic species) :(262); 2:IB0:(310, 314) (mineral deposits) :xxii, 111 (encompasses Cowichan-Chemainus :(271); 3:IBO:(325); 5:IB0:(240) (re density estuaries) & temperature variations) :111-114 (forest associations) 3:IBO:(297) (environmental factors in coastal & estuarine waters) Coastal Mesothermal Forest Region (see Coastal (301) (re B.C.) Western Biogeoclimatic Hemlock zone; coastal (302, 307) (B.C. shoreline) Douglas fir zone) (303) (river plains & sea coasts) (307) (coastal islands) Coastal Research Corporation (313) (archaeology) 1:IBO:(458) (estuarine landscape survey & analysis) (329) (heat exchange) (330) (climate) Coastal Western Biogeoclimatic Zone (331) (physical & chemical data) 1:IB0:(363); 2:IB0:(258, 307); 3:IB0:(301, 367) 4:IBO:(263, 283) (management problems) (soil ecology) (266) (Upper Cretaceous period) :(435); 2:IB0:(307); 3:IB0:(311, 368) (forest (266) (iron deposits) types; vegetational & environmental (271) (marine surficial geology) variations, southern B.C. mainland (280) (phytoplankton) portion) (281) (flushing rates) 2: xx (dominant trees - Douglas fir, western red (283) (ecology) cedar, western hemlock; prominent understory 6: 20 (morphology with respect to regional airflow vegetation-salal, Oregon grape; zonal patterns & weather) precipitation; elevation; location) :109 (ecosystem classification based on zonal land Coastrange Sculpin [see Cottus aleutious) types & environmental patterns) 3:108 (includes Skeena River estuary) Cobalt Ion 6: 91 (location; climatic conditions; indigenous 1: 58 (levels in estuary waters) species; subzonal conditions) : 90 (levels in Sturgeon & Roberts Banks marine macrofauna) 59, Com Cob

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Coburn, J.W. Collins, F.S. 4:IBO:(306) (early Ladysmith history) 5: 91(261) (macrophytic marine algae)

Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles) Collinsia parviflora (blue-eyed Mary) 1:266 (in species list) 4:212; 6:210 (in species list) Cocconeis sp. (diatom, unspecified) Collisella pelta (limpets) 2:205, 206; 3:220 (in species list) 2: 74 (habitat) :189; 5:166, 169 (in species list) Cockbain, A.E. 1: 80 (399) (distribution of Foraminifera in Juan Colls, D.C. de Fuca & Georgia straits) 1:IBO:(442) (summary of data on snow geese wintering :IB0:(358) (marine geology of continental shelf populations in Pacific coast region) off B.C.) :(442) (aerial waterfowl reconnaissance along B.C. coast) Cockle (see Clinocardium) Colopseotria sp. (midge, unspecified) Cooklearia officinalis (scurvy grass) 6:185 (in species list) 114 (salt resistance; habitat) 115 (lower beach-upper intertidal flora) Colour 228; 6:202 (in species list) 1: 56, 59 (of estuary waters) :255-257 (routine determination localities in Cod, Pacific (see Gadus macrocephalus) river basin waters, re water quality) 6:134 (re Kitimat River) Coelenterata :152 (re estuarine log handling &storage) 5:IB0:(249) (planktonic occurrence; behavior in salinity & temperature discontinuity Col tarn, C 1ayers) 1:IB0:(392) (biological effects of ditching tidewater marshes) Coelopleurum longipes 6:210 (in species list) Coltsfoot alpine (see Petasites frigidus) Coelo8phaerium kuetzingininum (blue-green algae) [see Petasites frigidus palmatus) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) Columba fasciata (band-tailed pigeon) Colaptes auratus (common flicker) 1:169, 305 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) :IB0:(447); 2:IB0:(316) (experimental studies) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:214 (in species list] 2:123 (numbers; estuarine movements) :213; 3:238; 4:219; 5;188; 6:214 (in species list) Colaptes auratus borealis (boreal flicker) 4:122 (residential status) 3:239 (in species list) 5:109 (inhabit Nanaimo watershed) :112 (re hunting) Colebrook Trout Farm 6:108 (occurrence of) 1:124 (production) Columba livia (rock dove) Coleman, J.M. 2:213; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) 1:IB0:(346); 3:IB0:(297); 4:IB0:(264) (procedures 6:108 (occurrence of) & rationale for analysis of major river systems & their deltas) Co1umbia Lily (see Lilium columbianum) :(491) (variations in morphology of major river deltas as functions of ocean Columbine (see Aquilegia formosa) wave & river discharge regimes) Columnaris Disease [see Disease) Coleoptera (see also Beetles) 1: 83 (larvae in river near Mission) Colus sp. (gastropod, unspecified) : 92 (role in Shady Island ecosystem) 2:190; 4:194; 6:189 (in species list) :165 (food of gulls) :265-266 (list of families) Comandra livida :326 (food of amphibians) 6:209 (in species list) 2:194; 3:205; 4:187; 6:185 (in species list) 3: 64, 65 (occasionally found in Lakelse Lake, Comb Jellies [see Ctenophora) Babine Lake & Morrison Lake) : 65 (tolerance to pollution) Common Horsetail [see Equisetum arvense) 4: 71 (consumed by trout) 5: 68 (collection locations) Common Licorice Fern (see Polypodium vulgare oooidentale) Colgrove, D.J. 1:102(429, 430) (columnaris disease bacteria in Common Nighthawk [see Chordeiles minor) lower Fraser River suckers) :IBO:(430) (control of columnaris disease in Common Polypody (see Polypodium vulgare oooidentale) Fraser River sockeye salmon) Common Rush (see Junous effusus) Coliform Bacteria [see Bacteria) Common Snipe [see Capella gallinago) Com 60. Coo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Common Willow Weed (see Epilobium glandulosum) Connell, R. 5: 91(262) (re Departure Bay macrophytes) Communities of Vegetation (species & locations) (see also under headings for most of the following types) Connor, A.J. TTl2~9-131, 135 (grass & forb' 4:IB0:(273); 5:IB0:(234) (B.C. temperature & 131 (cat-tail) precipitation) 131-132, 145 (sedge) 5:IB0:(234) (B.C. frost-free season) 132, 136, 142 (bulrush) 132-133, 138-139, 146 (eelgrass) Connor, J.W. 133 (urban; urban recreational areas) 3:IB0:(346) (angler's questionnaire re sport 134 (marshes-salt) fishing information) 135 (ditches) 135, 145 (woodland areas) Conooephalum oonicum 142-144 (bogs) 3:224 (in species list) 145, 146 (dykes) 92 (aster-alder estuary grass & shrubland) Conoohilus sp. (rotifer, unspecified) 94 (arrowgrass salt marsh) 4:185 (in species list) 95 (tidal flats) 96 (alluvial flood plain forest) Conservation (see also various aspects of, 98 (alder regeneration forest) particularly re types or species of flora and 99, 100 (lowland cedar-hemlock bogs, skunk cab fauna (e.g. wildlife; wildfowl; waterfowl)) bage bottomlands & Devil's club lower slopes 1:233-237 (general conclusion re) of the lowland coniferous forest) :236 (map showing sensitive deltaic fish & :100, 101 (hemlock-balsam mid-slope & blueberry wildlife habitats) upper slope zones of upland coniferous forest) :IB0:(419) (re fish with respect to power :101 (upland pine muskeg) development) :101, 102 (lowland deciduous swampland) :(427) (re Fraser River salmon runs) :(440) (volunteers) Compositae (composite family) [see also Achillea; :(444); 2:IB0:(314); 3:IB0:(373); 4:IB0:(302) Anaphalis; Antennaria; Arctium; Aster; Chry (projects) santhemum; Cirsium; Cotula; Gnaphalium; :(445, 460) (re recreational development) Hieracium; Hypoohaeris; Matricaria; Prenanthes; 2:IBO:(253) (re estuaries) Senecio; Tanacetum Taraxacum) :(293); 3:IB0:(346) (re sport fish habitat) 1:IB0:(433); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(366); 4:IB0:(297) 4:IB0:(277, 293, 303, 308, 314) (Cowichan-Koksilah (of the Pacific northwest) flood plain fish & wildlife) 6:201 (in species list) 113, 114 I[activities) :IB0:(267) (census taking) Comp8omyax subdiaphana (bivalve) 1:264; 3:204; 4:196 (in species list) Construction Industries 4: 73 (biomass found in substrates of Cowichan Bay 1:201, 211, 332-335 (effluents to air & water from & Satellite Channel) cement, sand, gravel, metal processing, etc.)

Concept Distribution and Marketing Service Limited Consumers, primary, secondary and tertiary (see also 3:IB0:(297) (Vancouver sulphur disposal) carnivore; herbivore) 2:129 (identification; food; movements) Conductance, electric, of waters :130 (consumption of higher trophic levels) 1: 57, 58, 59, 255-257 (determinations & routine determination localities in river basin, Contia tenius (sharp-tailed snake) re water quality) 4:225 (in species list) Conifers (see also Abies; Chamaeoyparis; Pioea; Contopus sordidulus (western wood pewee) Pinus; Pseudotsuga; Thuja; Tsuga) 2:214; 4:220; 6:215 (in species list) 2:107 (location) 5: 16, 17 (habitats with respect to soil types & Convolvulus arvensis (wild morning glory) logged areas) 1:131 (in woodland community) 6: 67, 69 (species vulnerable to infestation; 5:181, 182 (in species list) defoliation; mortality; tree loss) :202 (in species list) Conyza canadensis (horsewood) 1:282 (in species list) Conioselinium chinense 6:210 (in species list) Cook, P.M. 1:IBO:(358) (soil report for Sturgeon & Roberts Conio8elinum pacifioum (hemlock-parsley) Banks) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone :(358) (soils & foundation report re Roberts vegetation) Bank development) :114 (grass-forb meadow component; headland flora) 3:IB0:(297) (soils investigation re drydock site) :115 (upper beach flora) :228; 6:210 (in species list) Cook, Pickering and Doyle Limited 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) 1:IBO:(359) (soils report re reclamation for Vancouver Airport expansion) Conlan, K.E. 2:IB0:(256) (drilling & soil mechanics work on delta) 4:155, 156(312) (re Cowichan Bay log dump) 3:IBO:(307) (soil reports re Prince Rupert Harbour development, deep sea terminal & Kitson Island) 61. Cor Coo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cooke, H.C 5:IB0:(251, 256) (parasitic) 4: 14(267) (geology of Sooke & Duncan map areas) : 17(267) (location of exposed Sicker Group Copp, S.S. formations) 4:IBO:(311) (survey report on Crofton-Chemainus area) Cooke, K.D. 6: 75(266) (prawn trapping exploration throughout Copper Ion Area 6) 55, 56, 58, 90 (levels in estuarine waters) 212, 213 (in industrial effluents) Cooke, P. 255-257 (determination localities in river basin 1:225(392, 398) (temperature of shallow marine waters, re water quality) surface sediments higher than air :IBO:(382) (seasonal San Juan concentrations of) temperature on a survey midsummer day, 2:158 (concentrations in oysters) re effect on benthic populations) :IB0:(260) (western Cordillera deposits) 4:IB0:(266); 5:IB0:(226) (Vancouver & Texada Island Coontail deposits) [see Ceratophyllum demersum) 5:119 (mining operations; locations; values; [see Myriophyllum spicatum) principal & associated minerals)

Cooper, A.C Copper Rockfish (see Sebastes oaurinus) 1:108(413) (sediment effects on spawning, hatching, & emergence of Fraser River sockeye Copperbush (see Cladothamnus pyrolaeflorus) salmon fry) 2:IBO:(294); 3:IBO:(346) (sediment effects re Coptis asplenifolia (fern-leaved or boreal goldthread) survival of sockeye & pink salmon 3:228; 6:208 (in species list) eggs & alevin) Coptis trifolia (goldthread) Cooper, E.L. 3:115 (muskeg flora) 5: 82(258) (growth of cutthroat trout) :228; 6:208 (in species list)

Cooper, K.R. Coral Root 4:149(312) (re Ladysmith sewage) northern [see Corallorhiza maoulata) spotted (see Corallorhiza trifida) Cooper, P.F. 1:IBO:(473) (problems re sewage treatment by Corallorhiza maoulata (spotted coral-root) non-biological processes) 3:228; 6:207 (in species list) 4:112 (nutritional strategy; re Douglas fir-moss Coot associations) American [see Fulica amerioana) 6:100 (community position; species associations)

Cope, F.G. Corallorhiza trifida (northern coral root) 1:IB0:(411) (field manual of sport fish habitat 6:207 (in species list) protection) Corambe pacifica (gastropod) Copeland, B.J. 5:169 (in species list) 1:IB0:(346) (estuarine classification & response to disturbance) Cordonier, J. 1:IBO:(359) (urban geology in downtown peninsula Copepoda [see also taxonomic subdivisions) area of Vancouver) 1: 82 (in Richmond sphagnum bogs) 91 (plentiful in Richmond Nature Park) Coregonus olupeaformis (eastern or lake whitefish) 94-•96 (in Strait of Georgia near & in Fraser 85 (habitat; salmon predators) River estuary) 215 (in species list) 96 (of Sturgeon Bank) IBO:(337, 399) (ecology) 110 (as food of longfin smelt) 272-•273; 2:193, 198; 3:207, 212; 4:188, 198; Corella (Ascidacean) 6:190 (in species list) 4: 76 [C. rugosa in Stuart Channel) :IB0: (400); 2:IB0:(285); 3:IB0:(337); 5:IB0:(252) :202 [C. rugosa (in species list)) (keys; references) ; 78 (observed in vicinity of Britannia Beach) Corella willmeriana :xxii (consumed by freshwater fish) 2:196; 4:202 (in species list) :xxii , 76 (in estuary) : 66 [Cyclops sp., Diaptomus sp., Heterocope sep- Corethron (diatoms) tentrionalis & Heterocope sp. consumed by 1:290 [C. hystrix (in species list)) freshwater fish) ; 75 (as food of salmonids) Coriolis Force :xxi (distribution; substrate preferences) 1: 72 (effect on direction of Strait of Georgia : 73 (of Cowichan Lake) currents) : 74 (inhabiting Stuart Channel) : 69 (re abundance; biomass; seasonality; salmon Cormorant dependence; feeding rates; population Brandt's (see Phalaorocorax penicillatus) dynamics) double-creasted (see Phalaorocorax auritus) IBO:(251) (free-swimming) pelagic (see Phalacrooorax pelagicus) 62, Cor Cos

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cormua [see Cornus) 6:118, 120(275) (Minette bay potential; recreational & outdoor educational areas) Corn [see Zea mays) :121(275) (industrial development potential) :123(275) (Minette Bay re development of Corn Spurry (see Spergularia arvensis) environmental & ecological study area) :129(275) (existing & projected function of Cornaceae (dogwood family) (see also Cornus) Service Center) 6:202 (in species list) :151(282) (effects of logging on aquatic environment) Cornus canadensis (dwarf dogwood or bunchberry) :156(282) (summary of ambient air quality monitor 3:112 (coastal forest understory component) ing program, Kitimat, B.C.) :228; 6:202 (in species list) :173 (information source) :175 (continuing research) Cornus nuttalli (western dogwood) :IB0:(275) (Kitimat: the first five years) 1:287 (in species list (as Cormus)) 2:208; 3:234; 4:215 (in species list) Corvus brachyrhynchos (common crow) 3:240 (in species list) Cornus ocoidentalis (dogwood) 1:287 (in species list (as Cormus)) Corvus oaurinus (northwestern crow) 1:308 (food; etc.) Cornus sericea (dogwood) :308; 4:123 (habitat) 2:234 (in species list) 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) 4:123 (avian associations) Cornus stolonifera (red osier dogwood) 5:109 (overwintering locations) 1:287 (in species list (as Cormus)) :109; 6:108 (abundance; feeding habitats) 4:215; 5:183; 6:202 (in species list) :112 (re hunting) 6: 96, 102 (forest position; species associations) 6:108 (species associations & interactions)

Cornwall, I.E. Corvus corax (common raven) 1:IB0:(399) (B.C. barnacles) 1:308 (food; etc.) 4: 79(185) (re intertidal life) :308; 3:121 (habitat) 5:IBO:(251) (re Soalpellum oolumbianum) 2:214; 3:239; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) 6:108 (abundance; feeding habitats; species Corophidae (amphipods) associations) 3:207 (in species list) Corvus sp. (crows, unspecified) Corophium (tube-dwelling amphipods) 2:123 (scavenging associates; Howe Sound sightings) l:xvi (species dominant in shallow, stable silty :214 (in species list) bottom of Sturgeon & Robert Banks) : 89 (species scarce in sandy delta foreslopes) Corycaeus (cyclopods) : 93 (species on Iona Island tidal flats) 1:273 [C. affinis (in species list)) : 96 (larval species on Sturgeon Bank) 2:198 [C. anglicus (in species list)) :228 (indifference to anaerobic conditions) :268 [C. brevis; C. salmonis; unspecified (in Corydalis sempervirens species list)) 6:204 (in species list) :268; 2:193, 199; 5:167; 6:191 [C. spinioorne (in species list)) Corynoneura sp. 273 (species in zooplankton) 6:186 (in species list) 3:207; 6:191 [C. sp. (in species list)) 6: 71 (planktonic associations; habitat) Corynorhinus townsendi townsendi (western big-eared 72, 79, 81 (as salmonid food resource) bat) 73 (intertidal habitat associations; abundance 1:319 (habitat; food) Of C. spinioorne) 2:216; 4:223; 5:191 (in species list)

Corporation of Delta [see also Delta) Coryphella fusoa (gastropod) 1:IBO:(474) (view of future) 4:194 (in species list)

Corporation of the City of Nanaimo Coryphopterus nioholsi (blackeye goby) 5:151(284) (estuarine importance to fish & 4: 98 (occur in Cowichan-Chemainus region; wildlife resources) position in food chain) :IBO:(272) (re proposed Nanaimo Harbour :207; 5:173 (in species list) development) Co8oinodiscu8 exoentrious (diatom) Corporation of the District of Kitimat 1:290 (in species list) 6:112(275) (Kitimat development) :113(275) (re residential recreational & Cosainodisous sp. (diatom, unspecified) industrial land & water use within) 2:100 (phytoplankton component) :113(275) (industrial, utility & transportation :205; 3:220 (in species list) corridor study) 4:106 (re Chemainus Bay phytoplankton) 114(275) (future residential population) 115(275) (Kitimat District land use) CosQinodiscus wai.lesii (diatom) 116(275) (recreation potential) 1:149 (in Strait of Georgia phytoplankton) 117, 119(275) (recreational areas) 63. Cow Cos

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cosmarium sp. (green alga, unspecified) Cougar (see Felis ooncolor) 3:219 (in species list) Coustalin, J.B. C-0 Sole (see Pleuronichthys ooenosus) 1: 92, 231(393, 402) (invertebrates of SturgeonBank) : 93(393) (zooplankton of Sturgeon Bank) Cossura sp. (polychaete, unspecified) 3:200 (in species list) Cowan, I. Met. 1:171(442) (opossum &cottontail rabbit in Fraser Cottam, C River valley & delta) 1:IB0:(442) (North American diving ducks -food :172(442) (Roosevelt elk (exterminated) & Columbia habi ts) blacktail deer in delta) 5:IB0:(267) (eelgrass status; environmental relations) :319-323(442) (mammalian species utilizing delta) :IB0:(449); 2:IB0:(317); 4:IB0:(303) (review of Cottidae B.C. bird fauna) 1:IB0:(421); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(355) (freshwater 2:124(313); 3:117(376) (general information re B.C. systematics of) mammals) 2: 85 (of estuary & Mamquam Channel) :IBO:(372) (coast black-tailed deer) :117 (as food of common merganser) :(372); 6:IB0:(273) (B.C. mammals) 5:147 (sensitivity to stream disruption; food 4:123(301) (maps concerning mammalian species resources) distribution & abundance) :IBO:(258) (new genus & species; habitat) 6:195 (in species list) Cowbird brown-headed [see Molothrus ater) Cottle, W.H. 1:IB0:(442) (feeding behaviour of some Anatinae Cowichan Bay wintering in lower Fraser River valley) 4:xxiv (effects of sewage pollution) : 11 (during the depression years) Cottongrass [see Eriophorum) : 27 (sediments) : 41 (sunshine records) Cottonwood : 52, 54 (oxygen, copper, lead, zinc & cadmium northern black [see Populus trichocarpa) levels in, & contiguous waters) unspecified (see Populus sp.) : 56 (oceanographic studies & observations) : 57 (oceanography influenced by) Cotula [see Cotula sp.) : 62 (tidal characteristics) : 73 (substrate preferences, biomass & relative Cotula coronopifolia (brass buttons; mud-disc) abundance of indigenous benthos) 1:145 (in Boundary Bay area) : 87 (coho salmon rearing area) 6:201 (in species list) : 98 (re pilchard encounters) :102 (fishing season; sport fish abundance, Cotula sp. (cotula, unspecified) diversity & size within) 4:213 (in species list) :140 (booming grounds) :149 (sewage pollution sources) Cottus aleutious (coastrange sculpin; Aleutian sculpin) :156 (shipping wastes) 1:102 (in Fraser River tributaries & perhaps in :IB0:(268) (geology) mainstem) :(280) (surface circulation; temperature :116 (young feeding in Boundary Bay) variation; salinity distribution) 3:215; 4:207; 6:195 (in species list) :(292, 294, 295) (salmon angling) 4: 96 (distribution; spawning season; freshwater :(293) (salmon mortality) migrations) :(302); 5:IBO:(267) (waterfowl) 96; 5: 83 (habitat; position in food chain) :(310) (landfill proposals) 83 (ecological significance) :(314) (shellfish production) IBO:(259); 6: 83 (inhabit river system) Cowichan Estuary Task Force Cottus asper (prickly sculpin) 4:129(306) (studies concerning land & water use 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem; also in lower development conflicts) river with no evidence of seaward migration) :138(306) (forest industry influence on Cowichan :116 (in Boundary Bay) estuary development) :IB0:(419); 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(353) (genetic & :163(226) (re members; nature of projects) non-genetic variations) 3: 85; 4: 96; 5: 83 (habitat) Cowichan Leader :215; 4:206; 5:173; 6:195 (in species list) 4: 9(306) (importance of historical industries) 4: 96 (distribution; spawning season; freshwater : 10(306) (lumber production) migrations) : 11(306) (Chemainus port activity) 96; 5: 83 (position in food chain) 97 (estuarine abundance) Cowichan River Estuary and Delta 83 (ecological significance) 4:frontispiece, 1 (aerial photograph of Cowichan IBO:(259); 6: 83 (inhabit river system) River delta log handling facilities) :frontispiece, 3 (aerial photograph of Cowichan Couesius greeni (chub minnow) River estuary Satellite Channel to Saanich 3: 85 (Skeena River habitat) Inlet entrance) :xix, 13, 44 (origin; river course) Couesius plumbeu8 (lake chub) :xxi (oyster contamination, habitat, industry & 3:215 (in species list) recreational value) Cow 64. Cow

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Cowichan River Estuary and Delta (cont'd.) 4: 95 (rainbow trout — distribution; regional 4:xxi (abundance, utilization, maintenance, abundance; spawning season) distribution & value of salmonid stocks) : 95 (brown trout - introduction; initial spawning; :xxi, 71, 78(288) (invertebrate diversity & spawning season; distribution) abundance) : 96 (brook trout — distribution & abundance) :xxiv (water quality) : 99, 102 (fisheries supplied by chinook & coho :xxvi(309) (with respect to regional development) stocks from) : 3 (map of drainage basin) :100 (commercial significance of salmon stocks : 4(307) (drainage basin geology) originating from) : 5 (industrial development & foreshore modifi :100(291) (sport fishing -quality & extent of) cations) :102, 112 (recreational fishing trends & catches) : 5 (industrial, residential & recreational :103 (Indian food fisheries) planning required) :107 (eelgrass beds) : 6 (history of settlement) :111 (deltaic flora —environmental, agricultural- : 11 (lumber production) industrial & urban influence; species : 14(269) (general geology) dominance & diversity) : 21 (regulations regarding local sand & gravel :114(289) (floral distribution) deposits) :115 (re avian & mammalian abundance, diversity : 27 (sediment distribution, composition & & limiting factors) regional grain size variation) :128 (hunter-related conflicts & solutions) : 27, 28 (recent studies) :129 (regional growth, comparisons, concerns & : 31 (precipitation — patterns, averages & extremes] programs) : 31 (snowfall averages & extremes) :130 (population census) : 39 (temperatures) :131 (electorial areas) : 40 (wind - stations, directions, speeds; land- :137 (water diversion proposals; possible bio sea breeze frequencies) logical effects; opposition & alternatives) : 41 (topographic control of low-level winds & :138 (land reclamation & alteration with respect land-sea breeze circulations) to forest products industry) : 42 (storm & inversion frequencies) :139 (estuarine land usage) :43 (discharge area & runoff characteristics) :140(310) (plans; zoning decisions; land alloca : 44 (major tributaries) tions) : 44 (streamflow stations; mean flow rates; peak :141 (habitat importance) flow periods) :142(277, 310) (flooding; dyking procedures; : 45 (discharge hydrograph) needs; sites; costs) : 46 (flow records measured at Lake Cowichan) :142(310) (developmental proposals & desirability) : 47 (river gradients) :143 (environmental & ecological impact of : 47 (temperature ranges; summer flow; precipita Vancouver Island natural gas pipeline) tion runoff & biological consequences) :153(269) (river diversion procedures & effects) : 47, 48 (tidal effects; flooding; problem areas; :203 (anadromous fish escapement data) proposed solutions) :206 (river fish species) : 48 (consumption regulations, river diversions & :IB0:(271); 5:IB0:(227, 271) (coalfields) consumption of diverted flow) (272) (soils) : 51 (nitrogen distribution) (276) (heavy metals; oxygen levels) : 52 (total phosphate; total organic carbon; (276, 277) (shellfish survey) colour; suspended matter; pH; oxygen; (276, 284, 292, 297) (limnobiology) total dissolved solids) (277) (physical aspects; chemistry) 53 (grab sample verification) (280) (intertidal macrobenthos) 56 (oceanographic studies & observations) (287) (insects) 71, 78(288) (invertebrate species) (287) (estuarine vegetation) 85 (indigenous salmon species) (287, 293) (benthos) 86 (re Juan de Fuca fishing stocks) (293); 5:IBO:(281) (freshwater fishery status) 86 (coho salmon spawning —aggregations, (294) (game fish populations) migrations; distributions; densities; (296, 300) (inventory) locations; periods re) (299) (floral investigation) 87 (coho salmon - spawning aggregations; season; (299) (flora) distributions; densities; peak spawning (301) (birds) period; upstream migration; juvenile (303) (mammals) distribution & habitat) (304, 310) (development re wildlife) 89 (chum salmon — spawning locations; stock (305, 311) (water resources) size; average escapement) (307, 308, 310) (history; settlement) 91 (chinook salmon — spawning season; habitats; (308) (knitting industry) aggregations; locations; distributions; (309, 311) (re lake) upstream migrations; escapements; peak (310) (information source) spawning period) 92 (steelhead — spawning season; populations; Cowichan-Chemainus River Complex locations; peak spawning period) 3:xii (subject to Special Estuary Series No. 4) 92 (fry — seasons of emergence; juvenile migration routes; rearing habitats) Cowichan-Chemainus River Estuaries 94 (juvenile cutthroat —dispersal; distribution; 4:title page; 5:IB0:(233, 249, 257, 261, 270) food) (status of environmental knowledge to 1975) 94 (cutthroat trout — distribution; habitat; :frontispiece, 1-3 (aerial photographs showing behavior; food; spawning season & locations) prominent feature of) 94 (Dolly Varden - habitat & distribution) : i-iii (report table of contents) 65, Cow Cra

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cowichan-Chemainus River Complex (cont'd.) 4:120 (gulls - range; abundance; habitats; feeding 4: iv-xiii (lists of appendices, figures, tables, areas) abbreviations & symbols) :121 (waterbirds -abundance; species diversity; :xiv-xvi (preface) frequented locations; nesting; seasonal :xiv, xxiii (locations) habitats) :xvi, 5 (report purpose & intended usage) 122 (raptors) :xviii (acknowledgements) 122, 123 (gallinaceous birds; crows) :xix-xxvi (summary) 123 (faunal diversity re habitat diversity) :xxii (vegetation; estuarine alterations &effects) 126 (grouse hunting) :xxiv (settlement) 127 (non-consumptive recreational usage & :xxv (industrial development; agricultural potential) practices) 129 (regional growth) :xxvi (population growth & distribution) 129-141 (present land use) 1 (estuarine boundaries) 135 (port sizes, capacities, cargo & shipping 1, 4, 5 (classification & prominent features) trends) 1-12 (introduction) 135 (marine developments) 2 (map of) 138, 140 (logging operations) 8 (development history) 140, 141 (agriculture) 11, 12 (expansion of lumber industry facilities 141-144 (future development) & production) 143, 144 (ecological reserves -policies & usage) 12 (extent & distribution of regional power 145-148 (water pollution) facilities) 145-158 (pollution) 13-29 (geology; geographical setting) 149, 150 (domestic sewage) 22 (delta formation & composition) 150-153 (pulp mills) 30 (general climatic regime &moderating factors) 153 (effects on stream productivity; biota; fish) 30-42 (climatology) 153-156 (logging; log handling & storage) 32 (location of climatological stations) 162 (developmental potential) 39, 40 (temperatures) 207-208 (fish species) 43-49 (hydrology) IBO:(276) (water quality) 51 (water quality data sources) :(312) (pollution data) 51-55 (water quality) 56 (oceanographic observations &studies) Cowichan Valley Ice Tongue 56-70 (oceanography) 4: 19 (age & composition of associated deposits) 57, 58 (salinity; density; temperature :IB0:(269) (general information) stratification patterns) 58(276) (nutrient input) Cox, R.L. 61 (tide monitoring stations) 3:IBO:(337) (recent foraminifera of Dixon Entrance) 61, 62 (tides) 71 (terrestrial invertebrates) Coyote [see Canis lutrans lestes) 71, 72 (freshwater benthos) 71-83 (invertebrates) Crab (see also Crabs) 73 (freshwater zooplankton) Dungeness (see Cancer magiater) 73-78 (marine benthos) kelp (see Pugettia) 79 (marine plankton) rock (see Cancer productus) 80-83 (invertebrate fisheries) shore [see Hemigrapsus) 84 (utilization of fish stocks; production; [see Cancer oregonensis) streambed morphology) [see Hyas lyratus) 84, 85 (economic & biological importance of) [see Oregonia gracilis) 84, 85 (salmonid species utilizing tributary streams) Crabapple 84-103(292) (fish) Pacific or wild [see Malus diversifolia) 85 (factors effecting fish productivity) western [see Pyrus fusoa) 87 (maximum, minimum & average coho salmon escapements) Crabs (unspecified) [see also Crab) 97 (estuarine sampling methods) 1: 90 (heavy-metal levels in, from Sturgeon Bank 97, 98 (marine fish) versus Kitimat Arm) 98 (re American shad) : 95 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near Fraser 98-100 (commercial fishing) River mouth) :100, 101 (freshwater sport fishing) 98 (map of major fishing areas in estuary) :102 (tidal sport fishing) 99 (fishery off Sturgeon Bank) :103 (Indian Food fishery) :160 (as food of birds) 104-114 (flora) :222 (re food chain) 104,105 (freshwater phytoplankton & vascular plants) :274 (zoea & megalops in zooplankton) 105-107 (marine plankton; macrophytes) :320, 323 (as food of mice & otter) 107 (eelgrass abundance) 81 (larvae as fish food) 107-111 (deltaic vegetation) . 83 (potentially harvestable population) 109, 110 (major vegetation zones) :160, 161 (in Britannia Beach vicinity) :111-114 (terrestrial vegetation) :165 (inhabit Sunset Marina) 115-119 (waterfowl) :xxiii, 72 (estuarine fishery) 115-128 (wildlife) 69, 74 (location of) 117 (diving ducks) 75 (larvae consumed by Chatham Sound salmon) 120 (shorebirds - feeding habitats; nesting sites; 78 (catch size; processing; fleet size; value range; species diversity) of fishery) 66. Cra Cre

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Crabs (cont'd.) IB0:(331, 334); 3:IB0:(389); 4:IB0:(314, 316) 3:151 (methods of capture; production methods; (Kraft mill effluent effects) marketable products; waste products- 77 (introduction; spread; dominance; economic usage & disposal of) importance) 4: 78 (inhabit Cowichan estuary) 77(279) (experimental suitability & significance 5:xvii, xxv (fishery locations & operations) as a pollution indicator.organisms) : 72, 73 (estuarine fishery - extent, location, :IB0:(279, 280, 289) (effluent exposure effects) effort, catch statistics & value) :(279, 314) (boron pollution) 6: 75, 89 (commercial & recreational fisheries; :(279, 314, 315) (heavy metal accumulation; size; catch; effort; trends) zinc contamination) :(286, 288) (larval distribution; spawning) Crago [Crangon francisoorum) :(286, 288, 289); 5:70(250) (habitat) 1: 96 (larvae abundant on Sturgeon Bank) :(288) (investigations) 2:192; 3:208 (in species list) :(289) (setting predictions; seed production; B.C. culture of; growth) Crago alaskensis (shrimp) 5: 71 (species dominance) 1: 91 (in Sturgeon Bank tidal pools) :IBO:(250) (bacterial content) 3:208 (in species list) Crassostrea virginica (Atlantic oyster) Crago nigricaudata (black-tailed shrimp (shrimp) 1: 87, 88 (previously cultured on Crescent Beach 1: 91 (in Sturgeon Bank tidal pools) & Boundary Bay tidal flats) 4: 77 (introduced to Ladysmith Harbour) Craig, R.D. 1:IB0:(438) [B.C. forests) Crataegus douglasii (black hawthorn; Douglas hawthorn) 1:129 (in estuary grass & forb areas (as black Cranberry hawthorn)) bog (see Vacoinium oxycoocus) :288; 3:234; 4:214; 5:181, 183 (in species list) cultivated [see Vacoinium macroaarpon) Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) Crandell, D.R. 1:289 (in species list) 1:IBO:(356) (late Pleistocene stratigraphy & chronology of southwestern B.C. & Crayfish northwestern Washington) 1:113 (as food of white sturgeon) 19(266) (re Vancouver Island glaciation) :321 (as food of raccoon) 19(266) (late Pleistocene geoclimatic units) 21(266) (surficial deposits of the Fraser Crean, P.B. Glaciation period) 1: 61(379) (one-, two^, & three-dimensional 13(225) (re Fraser Glaciation period) hydrodynamical-numerical models of Strait of Georgia water circulation) Crane :IBO:(382) (eight reports on oceanographic sandhill (see Gvu8 canadensis) monitoring projects in Strait of Georgia & Juan de Fuca Strait) Craneflies (see Tipulidae) 2: 48(270, 271) (data used in numerical modelling of Howe Sound seasonal circulation) Crangon [see Crago) :IBO:(265) (one-dimensional hydrodynamical numerical tidal model of Georgia-Juan Cranny, M. de Fuca Strait system) 4:133(306) (Ladysmith Harbour heritage site :(265) (numerical model studies of the water inventory) between Vancouver Island & the mainland) Crappie :(370); 3:IBO:(324) (three oceanographic data black [see Pomoxis nigromaculatus) records generated by Monitor project) 3: 40(324) (Dixon Entrance study) Crassostrea gigas (Pacific or Japanese oyster) 5: 43, 50(239) (Strait of Georgia numerical/ 1: 87, 88 (in Mud & Boundary Bays) hydrodynamics of tides & currents; : 90 (ban on commercial production in Boundary oceanographic cruise) Bay because of polluted water, though : 54(239) (re current fields of selected tides) plentiful) : 98 (map showing bed areas) Creeper :IB0:(404); 2:IB0:(288); 3:IB0:(339, 340); 4:IB0: brown (see Certhia familiaris) (288, 289); 5:IB0:(282) (re B.C. propagation of) Creeping Buttercup (see Ranunculus repens) :(404, 405); 2:IB0:(288, 289); 3:IB0:(340); 4:IB0:(289, 290); 5:IB0:(254) (raft Crenella oolumbiana (bivalve) culture) 4:196 (in species list) :(405); 2:IBO:(288, 289); 3: 77, 78(340, 341); 4:IB0:(290) (culture of) Crepidula fornioata :(405); 2:IB0:(288, 289); 3:IB0:(340, 341); 2:189 (in species list) 4:IBO:(286) (coliform contamination) :(405); 2:IB0:(288, 289); 3:IB0:(340, 341); Crepidula sp. (gastropod, unspecified) 4:IBO:(286, 288, 290) (breeding) 2:189; 4:194 (in species list) 76 (inhabits Britannia Beach region) 83 (Gambier Island population) 191; 3:204; 4:196; 5:167, 170 (in species list) 67. Cre Cro

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Crerar, A.D. Cri8tivomer namayoush (lake trout) 3:IBO:(297) (Prince Rupert port & hinterland study) 3: 85 (habitat; salmon predators)

Crescent Beach Crofton 1: 87 [Crassostrea virginioa oyster flourished) 4: xv (industrialization) 97 (present ban on commercial oyster fishery) :xxiv(278, 281) (effects of pulp mill) 99 (commercial & recreational Dungeness & :xxv (mill capacities; port activity) rock crab fishery; legal size; catches) : 11 (during the depression years) :128 (geology) : 54 (oxygen; pH; temperature; salinity; :138 (marina & bathing beach) alkalinity determinations in vicinity of) :140 (urbanization) 67(279) (effluent dispersal by current) :166 (great blue heron nesting) 74, 76 (biological communities) :189 (suggested development of recreational 75(279, 286, 313) (fibre deposition adjacent parkways) Crofton pulp mill) :191 (beach development) 81 (oyster culture) :202 (plans for sewage disposal) 107 (eelgrass beds) 132 (economic basis) Crescent Oyster Company :137 (water supplies; consumption controls & 1: 97 (present ban on Mud Bay & Crescent Beach regulations) oyster fishery) 149 (sewage disposal) 152 (solid wood waste depositions) Cress :156 (shipping wastes) marsh yellow [see Rorippa islandioa) :IB0:(268, 286, 313) (marine sediments) water [see Rorippa sp.) :(276, 278, 279, 311, 313, 316) (receiving winter (see Barbarea sp.) water quality) :(278, 280, 284, 285, 287, 290, 311, 314, Crested Myna (see Acridotheres cristatellua) 315) (oyster status) :(278, 281, 316) (effluent discharge) Cretaceous :(279, 286, 311) (environmental monitoring) 4:IB0:(266); 5:IB0:(225) (coastal manifestations) :(286, 313) (benthic communities) :(267); 5:IB0:(225, 227) (flora) :(305) (history) :(270); 5:IB0:(229) (foraminiferal zone; :(315, 316) (toxicity effects & levels) organic remains) :(270, 272); 5:IB0:(229, 230, 323) (fossils) Cronin, E.L. :(272); 5:IB0:(232) (stratigraphy; 1:IBO:(352) (effects of suspended & deposited palaeontology; ammonite faunas) sediments on estuarine organisms)

Cribrinopsis Cronin, I.E. 2:187 (in species list) 1:IB0:(392] (estuarine biology) Cricetidae (new world rats & mice) (see also Cronin Creek Clethrionomys; Microtus; Mus; Neotoma; Ondatra; 3: 33 (re turbidity, total dissolved solids, Peromysous; Rattus; Synaptomys) oxygen concentrations; calcium, 3:242; 4:223 (in species list) magnesium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, zinc & lead levels) Chrichton, C : 65 (re invertebrate pollution tolerance) 1:IBO:(344) (scenic inventory for Boundary Bay) Cronquist, A. Crickmay, C.H. 1:IBO:(433) (five reports on Pacific northwest 1:IBO:(359) (Cretaceous geology of Vancouver) vascular plants) 6:IB0:(271) (illustrated manual re Pacific northwest flora) Cricotopus 6:186 [C. bioinotus; C. fugax; C. sp. (in species list)) Crops [see also Agriculture; Farming) 1:183 (types & acreages of) Crinoidea (sea lilies & feathers) (see Florometra serratissima) Crossaster papposus 2:195 (in species list) Crippen, G.E. and Associates 1:IB0:(372) (flood control benefit study for Crossbill Fraser River below Hope) American (see Loxia curvirostra minor) 6:174(262) (information source) red [see Loxia curvirostra) Si tka [see Loxia curvirostra sitkensis) Crippen, R.W. white-winged [see Loxia leuooptera) 1:255(392) (warm Los Angeles harbour water increased polychaete species Crossman, E.J. diversity) 5: 83(259) (threespine stickleback as food of Nanaimo River predatory fish & Crisped Starwort [see Stellaria orispa) American merganser) 68. Cro Cum

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Crow Cryptomya californica (bivalve, false Mya cliam) common (see Corvus braahyrhynohos) 1: 90 (in Sturgeon & Roberts Banks) northwestern (see_ Corvus oaurinua) 4:196; 5:167 (in species list) 5: 70 (estuarine habitat & abundance) Crowberry (see Empetrum nigrum) Cryptophyceae (alga) Crowe, R.B. 3:219 (in species list) 1:IBO:(370) (recent temperature & precipitation trends for B.C. coast) Cryptoaiphonia woodi (red alga) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) Crowfoot sp. (see Ranunculus, unspecified) :105 (habitats of) :222 (in species list) Cruciferae (mustard family) (see also Arabia; Barbarea; Cakile; Capsella; Cardamine; Ctenodi8QU8 crispatus (starfish) Cocklearia; Dentaria; Rorippa) 2:195; 3:209 (in species list) 6:202 (in species list) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cruciferae sp. (mustard, unspecified) 1: 96 [Pleurobranohia sp. in Sturgeon Bank 1:282 (in species list) zooplankton) :270 (unspecified (in species list)) Cruoigera (tubeworm) 2: 78 (observed in Britannia Beach area) 2: 74, 76 [Cruoigera sp. habitat & abundance) : 81, 82 (abundance; relation to macro- :188 [Cruoigera sp. (in species list)) zooplankton) :188; 3:200 [Crudgera irregularia (in species :197; 3:211; 4:190 (in species list) list)) Cuoifraga columbiana (Clark's nutcracker) Cruoigera zygophora 2:214 (in species list) 2:188 (in species list) Cucumaria (sea cucumbers) Crustacea (see also taxonomic subdivisions; and the 1:269 [C. piperata (in species list)) plural of some vernacular names, e.g. Crabs and 2:195; 3:209; 4:210; 5:171 [C. miniata (in species Crayfish) list)) 1: 91, 293, 297-298, 301-302, 311 (as food of 4: 76 [C. miniata abundance -Stuart Channel) birds) : 99-100 (as Fraser River estuary fishery Cucumber (see Cucumis satira) resources) :106 (as estuarine food of chinook salmon) Cucumi8 satira (cucumber) :109 (as eulachon food resource) 1:282 (in species list) :163 (as food of mergansers) :225(381, 394) (temperature tolerance) Cucurbita maxima (squash) :267-268, 272-274; 2:192-194, 198-199; 3:206, 1:282 (in species list) 212; 4:187, 198; 5:167, 170; 6:187, 190 (in species list) Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) :323 (as food of mink) 1:282 (in species list) :IB0:(394, 481) (oxygen tolerance) :(399) (fisheries; research projects) Cudweed 2:IB0:(283); 3:IB0:(336) (records) low (see Gnaphalium uliginosum) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance & diversity) 1owl and (see Gnapha Hum palustre) : 79 (of Chemainus Bay) unspecified [see Gnaphalium sp.) (see Gnaphalium sylvatioum) Cryer, B. 4:IBO:(306) (Cowichan legends) Culbert, R.A. 2:134(321) (use of delta as a port) Cryptantha ambigua (hound's tongue) :135(321) (development possibilities of delta) 1:282 (in species list) :137(321) (dyke additions; re evaluation) :138(321) (recreational uses of Howe Sound) Cryptoohironomus sp. 6:186 (in species list) Culicidae (mosquitos) 1:266 (in species list) Cryptoohiton stelleri 2:189 (in species list) Culicoidee unioolor (biting midge) 6:187 (in species list) Cryptogramma crispa (parsley fern) 6:207 (in species list) Cumacea (see also Cumella) 1:110 (as food of longfin smelt) Cryptolithodes typious 2: 81 (as food of fish) 2:192 (in species list) :183, 199; 3:207, 213; 4:198; 6:190 (in species list) Cryptomona8 sp. 3:102 (period of peak abundance) Cumacid sp. [see Cumacea) :219 (in species list) Cumella 1: 93 (species in deeper sections of lona Island tidal flats) 69. Cum Cya

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cummings, R.A. . 4: 63, 67; 6:xxv, 62 (origin) 1:IBO:(442) (birds of Vancouver district) : 64, 65 (velocity variations with respect to depth) Curculiordae (weevils) 66 (non-tidal current profiles) 1:266 (in species list) 67 (with respect to effluent transport) 67 (effects of wind-driven currents on Curlfin Sole [see Pleuronichthys decurrena) Cowichan & Chemainus River estuaries) :IB0:(278) (observation; equipment) Currant 5: 54, 55 (strength, importance & influencing red [see Ribes songuineum ] factors within Nanaimo estuary) 56, 57 (calculated for Strait of Georgia) Currents (see also Strait of Georgia; Tidal effects; 58 (re inner harbour development) Wind) 63 (local knowledge requirements re 1: 72 (Coriolis force & wind effect on direction Northumberland Channel) of, in Strait of Georgia, as determined by :IBO:(239, 243) (Departure Bay) drift bottles & floats) :(243) (Harmac mill vicinity currents) : 72-73, 204 (along coast from estuary to Howe 6:xxv, 62 (size, vertical distribution; shoreline Sound) effects) : 79 (recent studies between Sand Heads & Porlier : 54, 62 (regional prominence; influencing Pass) factors within estuary) :203, 204 (effects on sewage effluent disposal : 57 (observation methods; stations re into sea) navigation; pulp mill outfall site) :IB0:(367) (longshore, re Strait of Georgia) : 58 (movements in Emsley Cove vicinity) :(381); 2:IB0:(270); 4:IB0:(278); 5:IB0:(239) : 58, 60; 61, 62 (drogue studies -courses, (Juan de Fuca & Georgia Strait current speeds, directions & influencing factors) tables) :(387, 389) (re Strait of Georgia) Curtis, E.J. . ... :(387, 389, 391) (Boundary Bay) 1:IB0:(474) (techniques for counting 14C (radio :(391); 2:IB0:(267, 277, 337); 3:IB0:(330, 392, active carbon) & 32P (radioactive 394) (re aerial photography) phosphorus) labelled samples of :(483) (detection of) polluted natural waters) 2: 49 (variation in surface currents re runoff 2:IB0:(256) (investigation into possibility of fluctuations) silica sand production from B.C. : 51 (induction sources) : 51 (factors affecting) sand deposits) ; 51 (drogue facilitated velocity calculations & Cuscuta maritima (dodder) distribution determinations) 6: 94 (habitat; dominance; species associations) : 52 (nature, location, direction & velocity of :203 (in species list) Upper Howe Sound current) 53 (at depth, velocities of estuarine) Cuscuta salina (salt-marsh dodder) 54, 55 (current mileage) 4:213 (in species list) 56, 57 (current profiles) 59 (relaxation currents - causes & effects) Cuscutaceae (dodder family) (see also Cuscuta) 61 (reaction to runoff, tidal action & winds) 6:203 (in species list) 62 (absence of runoff induced & tidal currents in vicinity of FMC chemicals) Cuspidaria (bivalve) 62 (seaward & shoreward flow) 4:196 [C. californioa; C. oldroydi (in species 62 (current buoy locations) 155 (effect benthic organisms) list)) 13 (megaripples production) Cyanea (jellyfish) 43 (re sedimentation & tidal bank formation) 2: 82 (abundance; macro-zooplankton relationship) 43; 4: 63, 67; 6: 54, 62 (strengths) 54 (effects of Skeena River flow on tidal) :197 [C. sp. (in species list)) 54 (measurements for Skeena River entrance, Cyanide Telegraph Passage & Marcus Channel) 1: 55, 56 (levels in estuary waters) 55 (origin of tidal rips in the Perry Point- :212, 213 (in effluents from metal-plating & Hegan Point region & factors effecting them) petrochemical industries) 55 (directions of flow at tidal changes & factors effecting them) Cyanocitta cristata (blue jay) 55 (navigation re dynamic nature of) 4:220 (in species list) 56 (general physiography) 56(327) (re tidal effects) Cyanocitta stelleri (Steller's jay) ;IB0:(322) (Triangle Island observations) 1:308 (food; etc.) :(323) (Queen Charlotte Sound) :308; 3:121; 6:108 (habitat) :(323) (Hecate Strait model studies re) 2:214; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) :(323, 327) (Hecate Strait) :(324); 4:IB0:(278); 6:IB0:(263) (tables) 6:108 (observed &relative abundance) 4:xxiii (nature; direction; depths) Cyanocitta stelleri anneotens (black-headed jay) :xxiii, 63, 67; 6:xxv, 54, 62 (speeds) : 62 (in Cowichan-Chemainus vicinity) 3:239 (in species list) : 63 (speed, direction & depth distribution of Cyanophycae (blue-green algae) Stuart Channel tidal) : 63, 67 (location, strengths, durations, 3:219 (in species list) speeds, mechanisms & effects of wind- driven) 70. Cya Dar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Cyanoplax dentiena (amphineuran) 4:IB0:(291) (marine occurrence of) 5:169 (in species list) Cypseloidea niger (black swift) Cyalooardia vertrioosa ventricoaa (bivalve) 1:306 (habitat; food; etc.) 3:204 (in species list) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) Cyclopoid sp. Cystopteris fragilus (fragile fern) 2:199 (in species list) 5:183 (in species list) Cyclopoida (cyclopoid copepods) Cyti8U8 8oopariu8 (broom) 1: 94 [Oithona sp. larvae in Strait of Georgia 1:282, 287; 4:214; 5:181, 183 (in species list) near & in Fraser River estuary) :273 (list of other species) 2: 72 (food of chum salmon) : 80 (location re salinity) :199; 3:213 (in species list) Cyolop8 biouspidatua (cyclopoid copepod) 4: 73 (inhabits Lake Cowichan) Dace :188 (in species list) leopard (see Rhiniohthys faloatus) longnose (see Rhinichthya calaractae) Cyclops sp. (cyclopoid copepod, unspecified) 3:213; 4:188, 198 (in species list) Dacrymyoes palmatus (witch's butter; fungus) 1:278 (in species list) Cyolop8is prasinus (cyclopoid copepod) 4:188 (in species list) Dactylie glomerata (orchard grass) 1:282; 4:211; 5:181 (in species list) Cyclotella bodanioa (diatom) 3:220 (in species list) Daffodil (see Naroia8U8 pseudinaraissus) Cyoloteela compta (diatom) Dagger-leaved Rush (see Junous ensifolius) 3:221 (in species list) Dailey, M.D. Cyclotella ooellata (diatom) 1:IBO:(447) (list of parasties from sea mammals 3:221 (in species list) from off west coast of North America)

Cyclotella sp. Daisy 2:205 (in species list) daisy see Bellia perennis) ox-eye see Chryaanthemum leuohanthemum) Cyclotella stelligera (diatom) 3:102 (dominance period) Damaliohthys vacoa (pile perch) (see also :221 (in species list) Rhacoohilus vaaca) 3:215; 4:206 (in species list) Cydippida (comb jelly) 4:190 (in species list) Dams (see also Moran Dam) 1: 84, 144 (effect of a rock dam across Cannery Cygnus olor (mute swan) Channel) 4:116 (habitat; nesting grounds; seasonal sightings) Damselflies (see Zygoptera; Odonata) :216; 5:185 (in species list) Dance Flies (see Empididae) Cymatogaster aggregata (shiner perch; yellow shiner) 1:116, 117 (preferred habitat in Boundary Bay) Dandelion [see Taraxacum officinale) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) :215; 4:206; 5:173; 6:195 (in species list) Dando, T.A. 4: 97 (inhabit Cowichan estuary) 5: 62(243) (Northumberland Channel current studies) Cymbella sp. (diatom, unspecified) 3:221 (in species list) Daphnia longispina (brachiopod) 3:212; 4:187 (in species list) Cyperaceae (sedge family) (see also Carex; 4: 73 (inhabits Lake Cowichan) Eleocharis; Eriophorum; Rhynchospora; Soirpus) 2:104 (located intertidally) Daphnia pulex (brachiopod) 6:202 (in species list) 4:187; 6:190 (in species list)

Cyphocaris challengerii Daphnia sp. (brachiopod, unspecified) 2:199 (in species list) 3:212; 4:187 (in species list)

Cyprinus carpio (carp) Darling, F.F. 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem) 3:IB0:(374) (Alaskan wildlife-ecological :122 (sport fishery in tributaries) reconnaissance) 4: 97 (range extension strategy; salinity preferences) 71 Def Dar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Darnel (see Lolium italicum) 5:145(280) (re cement operations) :152(284) (future sewage disposal plan of Dasycottus setiger (spinyhead sculpin) Nanaimo Regional District) 1:275 (in species list) :IBO:(240) (waste water disposal report) :(240, 280) (Five Finger Island outfall Daucus carota (carrot) design report re sewage disposal) 1:282; 2:207 (in species list) 2:106 (habitat) Deadheads 1:213 (as navigation hazard) Davenport, D. 3:IB0:(350, 364) (G.B. Reed groundfish cruise) Deas Island 1: 20 (upper limit of salt wedge in river at low Davidoff, E.B. river flow) 1:107, 108(427) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye :IB0:(357) (soil mechanics) salmon migration into & within :(372) (hydrology report re tunnel) Fraser River) de Boer, L.J. Davidson, J. 1:IBO:(359) (Pitt River bridge foundation 3:IBO:(319) (Babine Lake chemical analysis) condition)

Davis, J.C Deoamastus gracilis (polychaete) 1:108, 201(413, 474) (sublethal effects of bleached 3:200 (in species list) Kraft pulp mill effluent on respirat ion & circulation of sockeye salmon) Decapoda (see also Cephalopoda; Crustacea; Octopoda; 3:IBO:(387) (bioassay procedures to assess acute also taxonomic subdivisions, also the plural of toxicity of neutralized bleached Kraft some vernacular names, e.g. Crabs) pulp mill effluent to Pacific salmon) 1:265, 268, 274; 2:192, 193; 3:207; 4:199; 5:167, 4: 56(378) (coho salmon physiological studies) 170; 6:191 (in species list) :151(316) (bioassays & field studies) :IBO:(398); 2:IBO:(283) (records) 2: 81 (deep water larval location) Davis, N.F.G. :199 (unidentified crab zoea, megalops &shrimp 1:IB0:(359) (four phases of southwestern B.C. larvae (in species list)) glaciation re southwestern B.C.) 3:xxii (larvae in estuary) : 74 (habits of) Davis, W. :213 (zoea &megalops larvae) 1:111(413) (lamprey parasitism on Strait of Georgia 5:IB0:(252) (re Vancouver Island) migrating adult pink & sockeye salmon) Dechlorination (see Chlorine) Dawson, A.F. 1:IBO:(355) (indices to satellite & aerial photos Deciduous Trees 2:107 (Squamish delta) . of B.C.) 4:113 (re western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair Dawson, G.M. fern associations) 1:IB0:(359) (geology of area between Fraser River & coast Range; Map (120)) Decorator Crab (see Oregonia gracilis) :(359); 4:IB0:(267); 5:IB0:(226) (superficial B.C. geology) Deebel, W.R. . 3:IB0:(307) (B.C. Queen Charlotte & Port Simpson- 2:IBO:(245) (glossary of oceanographic terms) Edmonton explorations) 4: 14 (267) (Nanaimo Group rocks) Deep-pitted Poacher (see Bothragomus swanii) :IBO:(267); 5:IBO:(227) (new Cretaceous plant species from Vancouver Island) Deer 5:IB0:(227) (Cretaceous period with respect to the Columbian blacktail (see Odoooileu8 hemionus Nanaimo group -B.C. region) columbianus) mule [see Odocoileu8 hemionus hemionus) Dawson, W. Sitka [see Odocoileus hemionus 1:IB0:(383) (guide to coastal cruising of B.C. & sitkensis ) Puget Sound) Deer Cabbage (see Fauria orista-galli) Day, J.H. 4: 28(267) (re Cowichan-Chemainus soils) Deer-Fern [see Blechnum spicant or Struthiopteris :228(267) (soil map of Vancouver Island-Duncan- 8picant) Nanaimo sheet) 5: 15(227) (Nanaimo area soils) Deering, S. . 3:IB0:(321) (water sedimentation systems & their Dayton and Knight Limited wood components) 5: 41(239) (re sewage disposal) : 63(240) (mixing & current regimes re sewage Definitions (see also Glossaries) disposal) 1: 1 (of estuary) :130(272) (Nanaimo Regional District sewage 4: 1 (of negative & positive estuaries) facilities) :137(280) (Nanaimo Regional District sewage survey) 72. Deh Den

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

De^Horsey Island 1:IBO:(458, 464) (planning, policy & growth) 3'ifrontispiece (aerial photo) (462, 467) (community expansion) (465) (land use problems) DeLacy, A.C (468) (agricultural viability) 1:IBO:(413) (pink salmon migration in southern (471) (trends) B.C. & Washington) (473, 474, 480) (sewage facility) de.Lange Boom, B. Delta Planning Department [see also Corporation of 1:IBO:(385) (Fraser River plume) Delta) 1:IB0:(458) (proposed industrial park area for Delavault, R.E. Delta Muni ci pal i ty) 1:IBO:(480) (heavy-metal content of some B.C. :(458) (Boundary Bay Airport study) freshwater fishes) :(458) (Delta plan review)

Delesseria deaipiens (red alga) Deltas - General 3:222 (in species list) 1:IB0:(342); 2:IB0:(249); 3:IB0:(299) (ancient & modern) Deleuw Cather of Canada :(345); 3:IB0:(296) (formation theory) 1:186(458) (rapid transit facilities re estimated :(346) (analysis) population increase in lower mainland :(351) (terminology) British Columbia) :(375); 2:IB0:(267); 3:IB0:(320) (hydrology) :(391); 3:IB0:(330) (re wave &river discharge Delolepsi8 gigantea (giant wrymouth) regimes) 3:215 (in species list) 2:IB0:(250) (summary) f(252) (information sources) Delphinidae (dolphins; porpoises) :(261); 3:IBO:(313) (geology) 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) :(277) (re morphological variations) 3:IB0:(296); 4:IB0:(264) (analysis procedures & DeIphinus bairdi (Baird dolphin) rational) 2:217; 3:243; 4:224 (in species list) :(301, 302, 303) (general information) :(303) (dictionary) Delta Action Group :(307) (bathymetric mapping) 1:IB0:(458) (report on Boundary Bay issue) De Mill, D. Delta Front 3: 35(317) (Prince Rupert environmental surveys) 1:IBO:(367) (slope failures) : 68(317) (Porpoise Harbour-Wainwright Basin :(374) (sedimentation; sediment budget) water quality data) 2: 20 (definition) :158(389) (dissolved oxygen concentration in : 21 (physiographic divisions of &location of) Wainwright Basin) : 21 (composition of western sector sands and other sediments) Demonax medius : 21 (composition of central &western silts, 2:188 (in species list) clays & other sediments) : 22 (delta front clay analysis) Demospongia [see also Cliona; Esperella; Esperiopsis; : 23 (delta front slopes; resources used in Iophon; Lissodendoryx) calculations of; slumping) 4:189 (in species list) : 23, 43 (rate of advancement) : 23, 43 (inherent instability of western & Dendragapus obsaurus (blue grouse) central sectors) 2:212; 3:237; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) :101, 102, 103 (floristic composition) 3:121 (habitat) :IBO:(261) (Squamish study) 4:122 (residential status) 3: 12, 15 (composition; location; stability; :126 (re hunting) extent of; deposition rate) 5:109 (inhabit Nanaimo watershed) : 19 (map of sediment sample locations & 6:108 (occurrence of) continuous seismic profile tracklines) :111 (population fluctuations) 6: 15 (characteristics) Dendraster (sand dollars) Delta Municipality (see also specific localities, 1: 88 [D. excentriouB in Boundary & Mud bays ) e.g. Annacis Island; Beach Grove; Boundary Bay; 4:201 [D. imbrioata (in species list)) Grauer Beach; Ladner; Point Roberts; Reifel Is land; Roberts Bank; Tsawwassen;.Westham Island) Dendrooopos pubescens (downy woodpecker) 1: 11, 17 (geology) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) :190 (Centennial Park & beach) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) :193 (farmland adjacent to- Roberts Bank superport already expropriated for industrial Dendrooopos villosus (hairy woodpecker) development) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) :205, 206 (sewage from southern part pumped into 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) South Arm of river) :205, 206(473) (sewerage disposal study) Dendroica auduboni (Audubon's warbler) :328 (raptor birds- 1970 census) 1:312 (habitat; food; etc.) :IBO:(363, 366, 436) (soils) :(447) (hunting regulations) Dendroica coronata (yellow-rumped warbler) :(458) (industrial park) 1:312 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) 73. Den Dep

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Dendroica magnolia (magnolia warbler) Department of Fisheries and Forestry; Department of 6:216 (in species list) Indian and Northern Development 2: 96(294, 323) (Strait of Georgia -A National Dendroica nigrescens (black-throated gray warbler) Underwater Park) 1:312 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development 2:IBO:(323) (information & map of Squamish Indian Dendroica palmarum (palm warbler) Reserves) 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) Department of Industrial Development, Trade and Commerce Dendroica petechia (yellow warbler) 3:IB0:(297) (Skeena-Queen Charlotte regional 1:312 vhabitat; food; etc.) economic study) 2:215; 3:240; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Department of Lands Dendroica striata (blackpoll warbler) 3:IB0:(297) (land registry report -Skeena) 6:216 (in species list) Department of Municipal Affairs Dendroica tigrima (Cape May warbler) 2:140(323) (report concerning aesthetics; industrial 6:216 (in species list) practices; land use allocations) Dendroica townsendi (Townsend's warbler) Department of Public Works (Canada) 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) 1: 19(359) (summary of Fraser River estuary 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) dredgings) 3:212 (characteristic habitat) :IB0:(475); 2:IB0:(330) (report on activities re B.C. environment) Dendronotus iris (gastropod) :(486) (estuary soundings) 4:194 (in species list) Department of Regional Economic Expansion Denison, J.G. 1:IB0:(458) (land capability classification for 2: 44(267) (analysis of dissolved oxygen content outdoor recreation) in receiving waters in vicinity of Woodfibre pulp mill) Departure Bay :IB0:(265) (receiving water quality in a B.C. 5:xiv (settlement) inlet) : xv (coal shipment) :xvi (ferry service) Density :xxiv (surface waters & influencing factors) 1:IB0:(383, 386) (re coastal water variations) :xxvi (spawning locations) :(383, 386); 2:IB0:(274); 5:IB0:(244) (coastal :xxvi (eelgrass abundance) observations) : 39 (Pacific Biological Station location) 2: 49 (effected by winds, salinity, temperature : 40, 41, 42 (oceanographic conditions with (season) & runoff) respect to sewage & effluent disposal) : 49-50 (mixed layer depth; stratification—causes 45 (port suitability) & consequences) 47 (freshwater sources) : 50-51; 4: 66 (profiles) 48 (tide heights; reference stations) 4: 58 (Stuart Channel distributions) 49(238) (tide studies) 5: 50, 52 (seasonal & spatial) 50 (Fraser River effects) : 50, 52; 6: 55 (vertical distribution) 54 (factors effecting variation in seawater 6:xxiv (distribution) properties, currents & estuarine circulation) : 55 (wind effects) : 53 (vertical profile) : 58 (direction, strength & periodicity of tidal Dentalinida currents) 1:259 (in species list) : 63, 64 (suitable sewage disposal sites; dispersion characteristics) Dentalium (scaphopod) 63, 64(239, 243) (current observations) 1:265 [D. dalli (in species list)) 64 (exposure to wind & wave action) 3:205 [D. sp. (in species list)) 64, 65 (origin, physical conditions, location, behaviour & importance of band patterns) Dentaria tenella 65 (erosion problems re wave action) 6:202 (in species list) 66 (water exchange with Strait of Georgia with respect to physiography & wind induced Department of Energy, Mines and Resources upwelling) 3:IB0:(397) (map of Terrace, B.C.) 67 (upwelling investigations re temperature monitoring & model studies) Department of Environment [see Canada Department 67 (re possible pollution problem with respect of Environment; Environment Canada) to flushing regime) 92 (microplankton collections; phytoplankton Department of Fisheries (see Canada Department of dynami cs) Fisheries) :153 (possible environmental & biotic effects re proposed ferry terminal expansion) Department of Fisheries and Forestry (see Canada :IB0:(239, 245) (oceanography; coliform counts) Department of the Environment; Canadian :(240) (temperature & specific gravity Department of Fisheries) variations) :(240, 252, 258) (marine organisms) 74. Dep Die

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Departure Bay (cont'd.) DeVries, J. 5:IBO:(243) (phytoplankton abundance) 1:IB0:(459) (role of agricultural land use in an (247) (wind induced upwelling) urban society) (252, 258) (weather) (259) (herring) Diamesa sp. (262) (algae collections) 6:186 (in species list)

Derics, I.A. 1:IB0:(359) (effect of lime on mineralization of Diamesinae organic nitrogen in three Fraser 6:186 (in species list) Valley soils) Diamphiodia oocidentalis (serpent or brittle star) Dermasteria8 3:209 (in species list) 2: 76 (inhabits Britannia Beach region) : 76, 148 [Derma8teria8 imbricata — inhabits log Diaphana (gastropod) booming grounds) 4:194 (in species list) :195 (in species list) 5:170 [D. imbricata (in species list)) Diaphano8oma (branchiopod) 4:187 [D. sp. (in species list)) Dermoohelys coriacea (leatherback) 4:225 (in species list) Diaphanosoma brachyurum (cladoceran) 4: 73 (inhabits Lake Cowichan) Deschampsia caespitosa longifloria (tall hair grass; :187 (in species lsit) tufted hair grass; hair grass) 1:131 (in woodland) Diaptomu8 (calanoids) :132 (in bulrush community) 1:272; 3:212; 4:198 [D. sp. (in species list)) :134 (in Boundary & Mud Bays lower saltmarsh community) Diaptomu8 oregonensia (calanoid copepod) :135 (abundant on dykes) 4: 73 (inhabits Lake Cowichan) :142 (in sedge zone of lower estuary islands) :188 (in species list) 2:104 (infiltration of sedge community) :207; 3:228; 5:180, 181; 6:204 (in species list) Diastylis (malostracan) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone 4:198 (in species list) vegetation) :114 (hairgrass-sedge zone vegetation; grass-forb Diatoma hiemale meadow components; headland flora) 2:206 (in species list) :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) 6: 94 (dominance; community position) Diatoma sp. (diatom, unspecified) 3:102 (Cronin Creek populations) Detergents :221 (in species list) 1: 55, 56 (levels in estuarine waters) :212 (in effluents from laundry establishments) Diatoms (see also Biddulphia; Chaetoceroe; Co8cinodiscus; Melosira; Navicula; Nitzschia; Detri tus Pinnularia; Tabellaria; Ukalassiosira; 2:219 (origin & significance; as food of amphipods) Skeletonema; Synedra; etc.) 1:148-149 (Fraser River versus Strait of Georgia Deuterophlebiidae (mountain midges) as source of silicate, nitrogen forms, 3:206 (in species list) & phosphate for) :290-291 (species list) Development, economic 102 (floristic community indicators) 1:IB0:(457) (re North Fraser Harbour) 149 (noted in Mamquam Channel log booms) 3:IB0:(295) (in Kitimat-Stikine region) :206 (unidentified (in species list)) :(297) (in Skeena-Queen Charlotte region) 102 (blooms; seasonal species dominance) 79 (of Chemainus Bay) Development, industrial (see Industry) 104 (of Cowichan Lake) 93 (study location; methodology; results) Development, urban (see Urban development) :179 (in species list) :IB0:(261) (habitat) Devereux, S.C 4:126(301) (re hunting in Cowichan Bay vicinity) Diaulcila sandiegensis (gastropod) :128(30l) (hunter-related conflicts & solutions) 4:194 (in species list) 5:113(267) (with respect to enforcement of hunting regulations) Dioamptodon ensatus (Pacific giant salamander) 1:324 (habitat; food) Devil's Club [see Oplopanax horridus) Dioentra formosa (bleeding heart) Devin, D.G. 3:228; 4:213 (in species list) 1:IBO:(388) (current velocities in vicinity of lona 4:113 (re western red cedar-grand-fir-maidenhair Island sewage treatment plant outfall) fern associations) :(475) (wastewater treatment plant design) 4: 82 (285) (oyster purification methods) Dickinson, G. 3:IBO:(385) (Vanderhoof West socio-economic study) 4:IBO:(265) (Vancouver Island socio-economic survey) 75. Die Dit

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Dickinson, G. (cont'd.) Diplostraca 4:IBO:(307) (bibliography: re socio-economic 2:198; 3:206, 212 (in species list) research in rural B.C.) 5: 12 (227) (classification of Nanaimo coal) Dipper (see Cinclus mexicanus) Dicranaceae (moss family) (see also Dicranum) Dipsaca8ter borealis 6:203 (in species list) 2:195 (in species list)

Dicranoweisia cirrhata (moss) Diptera (flies and mosquitoes) 1:279 (in species list) 1: 83 (larvae in river near Mission) : 84 (larvae in river near Steveston) Dicranum (moss) : 91, 92 (role of insects in Shady Island 1:279 (unspecified (in species list)) ecosystem) 3:224 [D. majus; D. sooparium; D. striatum (in 2:xix (habitat of, in estuary) species list)) : 70 (dominate west ¢ral delta upper zones) :224; 6:203 [D. fuscesoens (in species list)) : 71 (as food of salmon fry) 6: 99, 100 (community position) :194, 200 (unspecified (in species list)) :100 (abundance of D. fuscesoens) 3:xxii (larvae noted in drainage system benthos) : 64, 65 (larvae occasionally found in Lakelse Dictyocha sp. Lake, Babine Lake &Morrison Lake) 2:205 (in species list) : 65 (pollution tolerance) :205; 4:187; 6:185, 190 (in species list) Didelphus marsupialis virginiana (American opossum) 4: 78 (larval habitat) 1:171, 319 (habitat; food; introduction) 5: 68 (habitat; as food item of trout) 6: 71 (planktonic associations) Dill, L.M. : 79 (juvenile coho consumption) 1:IBO:(413) (environmental effects re emergence of chum salmon fry) Discharge; Flow (see Hydraulic models; Hydrology; :(414) (effects of gravel size, egg depth & Runoff; Sediments) density on emergence of coho salmon fry) Discorbis ornatissima 1:259 (in species list) Dilsea californioa (red alga) 104 (pollution tolerance) Disease 105 (habitats of) 1:102 (columnaris, in lower Fraser River suckers) 222 (in species list) Disporum oreganum (Hooker's fairy bell) Dinobryon sertularia 2:111 [Ribes-oplopanax &Symphoricarpos ecosystem 4: 73 (inhabit Lake Cowichan) types) :185 (in species list) :207; 3:228; 6:206 (in species list) Dinobryon sp. (algae, unspecified) Disporum smithii (large-flowered fairy bell) 3:220 (in species list) 3:228 (in species list)

Dinoflagellida Distephanus (radiolarians) 1: 81 (diversity in northeast Pacific; small 1:270 [D. speculum (in species list)) population in Boundary Bay) 2:205 [D. sp. (in species list)) :260-261 (species list) :IB0:(395); 2:IB0:(280); 3:IB0:(333) (taxonomic Distiohlis spicata (green seashore saltgrass) & ecological study re intertidal, 1:282; 4:211; 5:180, 181 (in species list) sand-dwelling species) 4:108 (distribution & dominance in Chemainus :(406); 2:IB0:(290); 3:IB0:(341) (new B.C. salt marsh) species) 2: xx (seasonal estuarine occurrence) Distiohlis striata dentata (desert saltgrass) :100 (summer abundance) 1:134 (in Boundary & Mud Bay saltmarshes) :205 (in species list) Distilleries Dinophysis (radiolarians) 1:IBO:(334) (effluent permits) 1:270 [D. hastata (in species list)) Ditches (Ditch communities of vegetation) Diodora aspera (gastropoda) 1:135 (most common aquatic plants of) 2:189; 4:194 (in species list) Ditsworth, G.R. Diopatra ornata (errant polychaete) 1:IBO:(346) (environmental factors in coastal & 4:191 (in species list) estuarine waters — bibliographic series) Diosaocus (harpacticoid copepods) 1:273 [D. spinaeus (in species list)) Ditylum brightwellii (diatom) 1:290 (in species list) Diplocladius sp. 6:186 (in species list) Ditylum sp. (diatom) 2:205 (in species list) 4:106 (re Chemainus Bay phytoplankton) 76. Dix Don

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Dixon Entrance Dodimead, A.J. 3: xx (receives fresh water from Skeena River) 1: 78(389) (Strait of Georgia water properties & : 40 (oceanographic & model studies) factors affecting its fisheries) :IB0:(311) (continental shelf project; gravel :149(389) (Fraser River as source of silicon & deposits) Strait of Georgia as source of phos :(324) (tides; currents; physical oceanography) phorous for supplying nutrients for :(328) (physical & chemical data) diatoms) :(337) (Foraminifera) :IB0:(383); 2:IB0:(276) (Strait of Georgia water properties) Dobrocky Seatech Limited 3:IB0:(324) (North Pacific oceanographic survey 1:IBO:(475) (marine monitoring at Tsawwassen Bay: atlas & data records) pre-discharge environmental & 5: 50(246) (seasonal variations in Strait of biological resource data; coliform & Georgia nutrient distributions) pesticide levels in Dungeness crabs) 4: 22(262) (delta formation in Ladysmith Harbour) Dog Winkle (see Thais lamellosa) : 23(267) (re condition of seabed in Ladysmith Harbour) Dogbane (see Apooynum androsaemifolium) :106(297) (habitat & location of Thiothrix sp.) :151(312) (zinc concentrations in Pacific oysters) Dogfish, spiny (Pacific) (see Squalus aaanthias) :156 (log handling & accumulation of wood debris in Ladysmith Harbour) Dogtooth-violet (see Erythronium oregonum) :IBO:(278, 279, 285) (condition of oysters in Crofton vicinity) Dogwood :.(278, 279, 285) (zinc levels in oysters) red osier (see Cornus stolonifera) :(278, 279, 285) (photographic study of western [see Cornus nuttalli) Ladysmith Harbour seabed) [see Cornus oocidentalis) [see Cornus sericea) Dobson, D. 1:IBO:(346) (upstream & downstream effects of Dolichopodidae (long-legged flies) proposed Moran Dam on Fraser River) 2:194 (dolichopodid sp. (in species list)) 3:206; 6:187 (in species list) Dobson, F.W. 1:IBO:(382) (Strait of Georgia oceanographic data Dolly Varden (see Salvelinus malma) record generated during Monitor Project) Dolmage, V. 3:IB0:(325) (coast & islands map) Dobson, H.H. 6: 10(255) (re sediments underlying smelter site; 1:IB0:(382) (Strait of Georgia oceanographic data Kitimat townsite) record generated during Monitor : 13(255) (sedimentary formations) Project) : 15(255) (delta growth) :IB0:(255) (B.C. coast & islands located between Dock Douglas Channel & Alaskan border) curled [see Rumex crispus) patience (see Rumex patientia) Dolmage, Mason and Stewart Limited tufted (see Rumex salioofolius) 6:174(256) (information source) western [see Rumex oocidentalis) [see Rumex obtusifolius) Dolphin Baird (see Delphinus bairdi) Dodd, C gray or Risso's [see Gramphus griseus) 1:IB0:(347) (needs & expectations of people re Pacific striped [see Lagenorhynchus obliquid- Fraser River Valley wildlife & ens) agriculture) Dombroski, E. Dodd Narrows 3:IBO:(347) (cestode & nematode infection of 4:xiv (location) Babine Lake sockeye smolts) 5: 47, 61 (turbulent properties) : 58 (current strengths, predictability, Domestic Pear (see Pyrus sp.) influencing factors & monitoring methods; current tables re navigability) Dominion Bureau of Statistics : 60(238) (typical observed & calculated 1:IB0:(459) (standard industrial classification current velocities) manual) : 61 (tidal current characteristics) :(459); 2:IB0:(323) (new manufacturing : 63 (re Northumberland Channel intermediate establishments in Canada) waters) 4:IB0:(307) (statistical annual of the resources, :110 (re northern sea lions) demography, institutions & economic conditions of Canada) Dodder [see Cuscuta maritima) Dominion Public Works Department Dodecaoeria fewkesi 1:IBO:(459) (1871-1949 history of improvements in 5:IB0:(250) (life history) Fraser River system)

Dodecatheon pauoiflorum (few-flowered shooting star) Donaldson, J.R. 6:208 (in species list) 5:IBO:(228) (petrography of Canadian coals in relation to deposition environment) 77. Dro Doo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Doorweed (see Polygonum aviculare) Dredging 1:" 19 (of delta river channels) Dorvillea pseudorubrovittata (polychaete) : 53 (sand sediments for, between Port Mann & 3:199 (in species list) Steveston) : 60 (hydraulic model for effects on estuary Dorvillea rudolphii (polychaete) channels) 4: 74 (species dominance, abundance, diversity & :144 (Cannery Channel; formation of Shady Island, biomass adjacent Crofton pulp mill) :190, 193-198 (re development of boat harbours, :141 (in species list) marinas, navigation channels & waterfront areas for various industrial purposes) Dougan, R.I. :IB0: (401) (Burrard Inlet activities) 4:IB0:(307) (Cowichan Valley) 2:xxi (re proposed bulk loading facility) :xxi (impact on biotic habitats) Douglas Aster, (see Aster subspicatus) :xxi, 173 (re habitat loss) : 23, 24 (re navigation channel maintenance) Douglas Channel : 24 (Mamguam Channel) 6:IB0:(256) (geology) : 64, 65 (channel maintenance re flushing, :(257) (map-area) development &delta alteration) :(263, 283) (environmental studies) :136 (specifications) :170, 171 (re navigation) Douglas Fir [see Pseudotsuga menziesii) 4:154 (effects in Chemainus Harbour) :155 (regulations &procedures) Douglas fir-western hemlock subzone :155, 156 (with respect to marine log dumping & 2:108 (precipitation regime; indicator species) booming grounds) Douglas Hawthorn (see Crataegus douglasii) Drent, R.H. 1:167 (441) (status of birds in Fraser River delta) Douglas Island :IB0:(441) (checklist of Vancouver birds) 1:197 (possible dredging east of, for navigation) :(442) ; 3:117(372); 4:IB0:(302); 6:IB0:(273) (catalogue of B.C. sea-bird colonies) Douglas Maple (see Acer glabrum) :(443) (gull counts on lower B.C. mainland) 120(313) (seabird colonies in Howe Sound) Douglas, P.A. :IB0:(312) (status of birds in the Vancouver area) 1:IB0:(392) (symposium on biological significance :117(372) (general information re wildlife) of estuaries) :107(267) (nesting sites of glaucous-winged gulls) :108(267) (nesting sites of pigeon guillemots) Dove, mourning (see Zenaida maoroura) Drepanocladus adunous (moss) Dovefoot Geranium (see Geranium molle) 3:224; 6:200 (in species list) 6: 99 (community position) Dover Sole [see Microstomas paoifious) Drew, R.E. 4:151(316) (bioassays; field studies) Dowditcher 1ong-bi11ed [see Limnodromus scolopaceus) Drift; Drift Bottles ., Short-billed (see Limnodromus griseus) 1: 72 (re surface circulation in Strait of Georgia, Dowling, D.B. 4:227(267) (Cowichan Basin-Nanaimo coalfield) Drilonereis faloata minor (polychaete) :IB0:(267); 5:IB0:(227) (Vancouver Island 3:199 (in species list) coalfields) 5:IB0:(227) (Cowichan &Nanaimo coal areas) Drinnan, R.W 3: 36(317) (environmental status report) (estuary benthos) Doyle, B. : 70(337) 1:IB0:(459) (accessibility to Boundary Bay) : 71(337) (species list) :103(365) (intertidal algae re industrialization & pollution tolerance) Draba hyperborea (sea mustard) :148(388) (faecal coliform counts) 3:114 (salt resistance; habitat) :153, 154(388) (effects of fish processing plants :228; 4:213 (in species list) on adjacent biota &water quality) Draba sp. (whitelow-grass, unspecified) :160, 162(388) (effects of Kraft mill red liquor effluent on adjacent biological 4:212 (in species list) communities &water quality) Draba verna (vernal whitelow grass) :IBO:(325, 332) (Prince Rupert Harbour interagency 1:282 (in species list) study on oceanography, water quality & intertidal beach biology) Draeseke, G.L. 1:IBO:(459) (industry perspective re shoreline Drosera anglioa (sundew) management) 6:203 (in species list) Dragonf1i es (see Odonata) Drosera rotundifolia (sundew) (carnivorous) 1:143 (in wettest area of bogs) :228; 6:203 (in species list) Drake, J. 2:IBO:(330) (preliminary report re disposal of Bri 3:115 (muskeg flora) tannia mine & mill effluents into Howe Sound) 78. Dro Dum

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Drosera rotundifoHa (con t' d.) Ducks, diving 6:101 (community position; species association; 1:160, 162-163, 297-298 (various data; etc. (also abundance) (indexed by species)) :160, 162-163, 297-298; 2:116, 117; 5:105, 106 Droseraceae (sundew family) (see also Drosera) (diet) 6:203 (in species list) :IB0:{442); 2:IB0:(313); 3:IB0:(372) (North American feeding habits) Druehl, L.D. 2:116, 117 (density; dynamics; seasonal estuarine 5: 91(262) [Alaria variations; Laminaria taxonomy, movements) distribution & ecology) :116, 117; 5:105, 106 (habitat) :IBO:(262) (some environmental factors governing :116, 117; 6:104, 105 (distribution) distribution of two species of :211 (in species list) Laminaria) 5:105, 106 (concentration sites; disturbances; abundance) Drycleaning Establishments :105, 106; 6:104, 105 (species diversity) 1:250 (amount of solvent hydrocarbons released per :112 (re hunting) year as atmospheric pollutants) 6:104, 105 (relative & observed abundance)

Dryfuss, R.L. Ducks, scoter 1:IBO:(414) (life history & ecology of Lake 1: 91 (invertebrate consumption; feed in delta) Washington longfin smelt) Ducks unspecified) (see also Shorebirds (in general)] Dryooopos pilateus (pileated woodpecker) 1:146 (habitats on islands & tributaries upriver to 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) Chilliwack) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 6:214 (in species list) :151 (453) (number using delta & estuary areas of Fraser Valley) Dryopteris austriaoa (spiny or mountain wood fern) 157 -163, 293-297 (types; food; etc.) 1:279; 2:207; 3:228; 5:183; 6:207 (in species list) 157 -163, 293-297; 5:102 (habitat) 2:111 [Ribes-Oplopanax &Symphorioarpos ecosystem 183 (acreage used for farm production) types) 306 (as food of snowy owl) 6: 98, 102 (abundance; characteristic species) 327 (1966-1974 aerial census by areas) : 99, 100, 102 (community position) 106 (arrow grass as food of) 104 (feeding areas; seasonal distribution; Dryopteris filix-mas (male fern) abundance; estuarine importance; modifying 2:111 [Ribes-Oplopanax & Symphorioarpos ecosystem factors) types) :112 (re hunting) :207 (in species list) 6:111 (primary hunting grounds) Dubokovic, G.V. Duckweed (see Spirodela polyrhiza) 1: 99(399); 2:IB0:(284) (shrimp & prawn prospecting on B.C. coast) Duff, R. 3: 77(336) (Prince Rupert shrimp fishery) 3:IBO:(388) (wastewater & solid waste disposal in Prince Rupert Harbour) Dubose, M. 6:IBO:(275) (Nechako-Kemano-Kitimat description Duff, W. & development history) 5, 7(307) (Coast Salish Indian tribes & bands) 133(307) (re Cowichan Indian sweater industry) Duck 4(224) (original inhabitants of Nanaimo area) harlequin (see Histrionious histrionicus) IBO:(253) (impact of the white man) redhead (see Aythya amerioana) ring-necked [see Aythya collaris) Duffel, S. ruddy (see Oxyura jamaicensis) 7(308) (general Skeena geology) wood (see Aix sponsa) 13(308) (origin of Skeena River channel rock) IB0:(308); 6:IB0:(256) (Whitesail Lake map-area) Duck Island 8(256) (pre-glacial river courses) 1:131, 140 (vegetation; soil) 9(256) (re general & economic regional geology) 10(256) (geological age determinations utilizing Ducks, dabbling (see also Anas) fossils) 1:154 (map of major estuary foreshore areas of : 11(256) (geological formations in Kitimat area) importance to) : 12, 13(256) (exposed estuarine clays) :157-160 (various data) : 13(256) (proposed origin of clays) :161(440); 2:IB0:(311) (food preferences) : 17(256) (outwash & stream deposited sand & :IB0:(440); 2:IB0:(311) (habitats) gravel beds) :(442); 2:IB0:(313) (feeding behavior; habitat improvement) Dulichium arundinaceum :(478, 479) (Fraser Valley lead poisoning) 3:229 (in species list) 2:113, 114 (species diversity; population dynamics; feeding habitats) Dumetella aarolinensis (catbird] :113, 114: 6:104 (estuarine distribution) 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) :175 (in Mamquam Channel) 3:240 (in species list) 6:104 (utilization; relative abundance; observed species) 79. Dun Ebe

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Duncan, City of 1:135 (as grass & forb community bases) :xxvi, 9, 10(399) (urban expansion) :140-141 (for farmlands of islands in South Arm 9 (city status) of river) 9, 10 (installation of public utilities) :145-146 (Boundary Bay dyke communities of 10, 132 (economic basis) vegetation) 14 (surficial geology) 2: xi, xxi (dyking) 132 (location; size; population; social services; :xii, 4 (flood control & land reclamation) recreational potential) : 9 (geology - with respect to plutonic rocks) :136 (water supply) : 17 (as part of intertidal zone boundary line) :149 (sewage disposal) : 19 (location of; map) :IBO:(267) (map area) : 20, 24 (re sediment deposition trends) :(308) (geography) : 21 (as part of delta front west sector boundary line) Duncan, K. : 53 (training dyke re silt deposition) 4:IB0:(307) (Cowichan history) : 58 (effects of salt wedge; nutrients; faunal distribution) Duncan, T.O. 130 (potential biological consequences) 1:IB0:(409) (Pacific salmon spawning populations in 132 (re agricultural usage & flood control) United States) 133 (costs; consequences) 135, 136 (training dyke construction; dredging Dunlin operations; specifications) [see Calidris alpina) 170 (re silt reduction & channel confinement) Dunlop, H.A. 26, 108 (effects on Chemainus salt marsh) 1:IB0:(410); 2:IB0:(293) (Pacific coast halibut 29 (construction feasibility studies) landings from 1888 to 1950; catches 142 (location; need; costs; procedures) according to area of origin) IBO:(269, 310) (Cowichan River proposals) :(414) (effect of fishing on Pacific halibut stocks) Dymond, J.R. 1:IB0:(414) (some B.C. freshwater fishes) Dunn, S. 1:IB0:(392) (Fraser River basin biological problems) Dytiscidae (predaceous diving beetles) 6:185 (in species list) Dunnill, R.M. 4: 27(267) (distribution & composition of Cowichan Bay & Satellite Channel sediments) :IB0:(285) (taxonomic & ecological investigation of the genus Maooma in southern B.C.) Dusona pilosa (hymenopterous parasite) 6: 67, 69 (re conifer destruction) Eagle bald (see Haliaeetus leucooephalus) Dust (see also Pollution, Atmospheric) golden [see Aquila ohrysaetos) 1: 47 (coal dust at Roberts Bank bulk loading faci1i ty) Eagleson, P.S. . :249 (tons per year from grain, potash & sulphur 1:IB0:(372) (estuary & coastline hydrodynamics) bulk transport at Vancouver & related ports) 2:167 (re logging trucks) Earthquakes (see Seismicity) :169 (re sand & gravel operations) Earthworms (see Lumbrious) Dutfield, D.0. 1:IB0:(459) (survey of Canoe Passage channel, Easterbrook, D.J. Fraser River delta) 1:IB0:(356, 359) (pleistocene geology; chronology of southwestern B.C. & northwestern Dwarf Azalea (see Loiseluria prooumbens) Washington areas) 19(266) (re Vancouver glaciation) Dwarf Dogwood [see Cornus canadensis) 19(266) (late Pleistocene geoclimatic units) 21(266) (surficial deposits of the Fraser Dwarf Huckberry (see Vacoinium caespitosum) Glaciation period) 5: 13(255) (re Fraser Glaciation period) Dwarf Rose [see Rosa gymnoaarpa) Eastham, J.M. Dyck, W. 1:IBO:(431) (supplement to J.K. Henry's "Flora of 4: 19(268) (radiocarbon dating of the Quaternary Southern British Columbia") history of southern B.C.) 19(268) (re Cowichan Ice Tongue) Eastwood, G.E.P. 19(268) (Vashon drift geological history) 4:IBO:(268) (replacement magnetite on Vancouver IBO:(227) (geological surveys of Canada Island) radiocarbon dates) Eber, L.E. Dykes 3:IBO:(325) (air circulation indices versus sea l:xviii, 5, 181 (effects on delta development) surface temperatures at Triple : 11 (map showing delta dyked areas) Island) : 17 (re geology & sediments) 80. Ebe Eis

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Eberlin, R. 6: 66 (population survey re Prince Rupert forest 6:130(275) (Kitimat waterworks) district) :137(282) (handling capacity of sewage treatment : 68 (extent of infestation) plant) : 69 (cyclical population abundance) :IB0:(266, 267) (DDT effectiveness) Echinoohloa crusgalli 1:282 (in species list) Edwards, R.Y. 3:IBO:(372) (snow depths & ungulate abundance in Echinodermata (see also Asteroidea; Echinoidea; western Canadian mountains) Hendigia; Holothuroidea; Ophiuroidea) 1:269, 271; 2:194-196 (species lists) Eelgrass (unspecified) (see also Urospora; Zostera) :288 (disappear under anaerobic conditions) l:xvii (species as herring rearing grounds in 3: 70 (habitats of) Boundary Bay & Mud Bay) : 70 (abundance of) :114, 231 (beds as shelter for fish fry; as :209; 4:201; 5:168, 170; 6:191 (in species list) transition zones for migration between 4:xxi (distribution; substrate preferences) fresh & salt water) :117, 138, 231 (importance of beds for fish Echinoidea (sea urchins; sand dollars) [see also spawning & young in Boundary Bay) Brisaster; Dendraster; Strongylocentrotus) :130 (map of major beds in delta & estuary) 2:160, 161 (in Britannia Beach vicinity) :295 (as food of black brant) :195; 3:209; 4:201; 6:191 (in species list) Eelgrass Community (see also Zostera) Echiurida (crustaceans) 1:132-133 (of Tsawwassen foreshore, Roberts Bank, 1:262 (marine) Mud, Semiahmoo & Boundary bays) :262; 4:200 (in species list) :138-139, 146 (Boundary Bay)

Echytraeidae (oligochaetes) Eel pout 6:183 (in species list) blackbelly (see Lycodopsis paoifica) Echytraeus sp. (echytraeid, unspecified) Effluents (see also Pollution headings; Dust; Food 6:183 (in species list) processing; Hydrocarbons; Industry; Leachates; Particulate matter; Sewage; Smoke; Waste disposal; Eckel, E.B. Water quality) 3:IBO:(312) (effect of March 27, 1964 earthquake 1:201, 329-341 (Provincial Pollution Control Act on various communities) governing discharge of; locations of industries applying for permits to discharge Ecology; Ecosystems (see also various aspects of) effluents into lower river; nature of l:xvi (tidal flats typical of estuarial) effluents: maximum biological oxygen demand :xix (need for further study of all aspects of, & total suspended solids) in delta system) :214 (types of gaseous emanations from solid : 75-76 (re effect of Strait of Georgia wave wastes landfill) action on shallows) 2:153 (immediate & long-term effects; detection of) : 84 (macroinvertebrates as significant components :154 (bleached Kraft mill effluent toxic levels of) re underyearling sockeye salmon) :237 (bogs represent relic ecosystems destined to :154 (Kraft mill effluent toxicity reduction disappear naturally) methods) :IBO:(346) (re shores) :160, 161 (behavior & location) :(349); 2:IB0:(249); 3:IB0:(300); 4:IB0:(288); :220-223 (discharge-applications, permits, 5:IB0:(252) (littoral) registrations & amounts) :(351); 3:IB0:(302) (re inland waters & estuaries) Eggerella advena :(434); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(300, 310, 367); 1:258 (in species list) 4:IB0:(294, 298) (of western North America) Eggs (of birds) 2:IB0:(279) (re sewage discharge) 1:319, 320, 323 (as food of mammals) (287) (of outer Squamish estuary) (307) (re plants) Eggs (of fish) (see also Gravel) (315); 3:IB0:(374) (re forest nesting birds) 1:116 (food of Boundary Bay sculpins) (323) (re implications of estuarine industrial developments) Eidsvik, H.K. (338) (pollution assessment methodology) 1:190(470) (beaches & marinas re park potential 3:IB0:(300) (of coastal western hemlock zone soils) of Boundary Bay & Point Roberts area) (301, 302) (of estuaries) 4:IB0:(315) (of marinas) Einarsen, A.S. 6:IB0:(271) (forest) 1:IB0:(443) (black brant, sea goose of the Pacific coast) Ectropis crepuscularia (saddle-backed looper) 5:105(267) (diet of black brant) 6:xxv(266, 267) (infestation, damage & control) : 65 (life cycle; location & extent of damaged Eis,S. area; control measures; application 1:IB0:(431) (statistical analysis of methods for processes; survivorship; insecticide estimating forest habitats & tree composition) growth near Vancouver) : 65, 67 (relative success) 81. Eis Emb

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Eisbacher, G.H. 4:IBO:(279) (water quality assessment & recommenda 1:IBO:(359) (short guide to Vancouver geology) tions on routine monitoring) (286) (quantitative benthic investigations Elateridae (click beetles) in the Strait of Georgia) 1:266 (in species list) (286); 5:IBO:(251) (Strait of Georgia marine infaunal community studies) Elder (see Sambucus pubens) (313) (pollution control objectives for B.C. forest products industry) Elderberry (313) (benthic community composition in black (see Sambucus racemosa melanooarpus) Crofton mill receiving area & red [see Sambucus racemosa) recommendations for routine benthic unspecified (see Sambucus sp.) assessment)

Eleocharis aoicularis (needle spike rush) Elmidae (riffle beetles) 3:229 (in species list) 3:205 (in species list)

Eleocharis palustris (spike rush) Elodea canadensis (waterweed) 1:132 (on Duck, Barber & Woodward Islands of river's 1:282 (in species list) lower South Arm) 2:104 (location) Elphidella nitida :104; 6: 95, 102 (habitat) 1:259 (in species list) :207; 3:229; 4:211; 5,180; 6:203 (in species list) 3:116 (in lower river mud flats) Elphidium 6: 95, 102 (species associations) 1:259 [E. clavatum; E. orispum; E. inoertum; E. subarotioum (1n species list)) Elk elk or wapiti (see Cervus canadensis) Elsey, C.R. Rocky Mountain (see Cervus canadensis nelsoni) 1:180:(415) (B.C. resource-use problems) Roosevelt (see Cervus canadensis roosevelti) 4: 77(286) (re location, abundance & distribution of Japanese oysters) Elliott, J.M. i 3:IBO:(308) (geology & geochemistry of SQ mining Eltringham, S.K. claims & adjacent areas near Usk, B.C.) 1:225(392) (low water temperatures lethal to some marine sand & mud benthos) Elli s, D.V. 2:IB0:(278) (Life in Sand & Mud) 1: 84(400) (marcoinvertebrates of southern B.C. marine sediments of Strait of Georgia Elymus ambiguus [rye grass) & adjacent areas) 1:129 (around shorelines of much of lower estuary) 2:IBO:(284) (three quantitative benthic investiga tions re locality, environmental data, Elymus arenarius (sea lyme-grass; bunch grass) biomass, major taxon rank & species 1:145 (in Boundary Bay dyke area) composition) :(285) ; 4:IB0:(286); 5:IB0:(251) (ecologically Elymus oinereus (tall Canada rye grass) significant species in coastal marine 1:282 (in species list) sediments of southern B.C.) 3: IB0:(337, 388) (investigation of biological Elymus oondensatus (rye grass) consequences of multiple waste dis 1:282 (in species list) charges into Prince Rupert Harbour) 27(267, 268) (collection & analysis of Cowichan Elymus glaucus (blue wild rye grass) Bay sediment) 1:282; 2:207 (in species list) 54(276) (water quality survey at Crofton mill 2:110 (Scoulerieto-Salicetum ecosystem type) marine receiving area) 73(285, 286) (quantitative benthic investigations Elymus hirsutus (hairy ryegrass) conducted in Cowichan Bay, Satellite & 3:229 (in species list) Stuart Channels) ; 74(286) (biological communities observed in Elymus mollis (dune grass; bunch grass; sea lymegrass) regions of heavy fibre deposition) 1:144 (on western end of Shady Island) : 75(286) (fibre deposition around the Crofton :145 (in Boundary Bay dyke area) pulp mill twin outfalls) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone :150(313) (distribution of mill effluents) vegetation) :151(313) (re water quality determinations) :114 (grass-forb meadow components; headland flora) :152(313) (extent of fibre bed adjacent Crofton :115 (upper beach flora) mill outfalls) :229; 4:211; 6:204 (in species list) :153(279, 313) (distribution of fibre on the sea 6: 94 (elevation; community position) bed of the Crofton mill receiving area) : 95 (deltaic habitat) :186(285, 286) (marine invertebrate species list) :IB0:(268) (marine sediment & associated Elymus Vancouverensis (wild rye grass) biological surveys around Crofton mill 1:282 (in species list) outfall) :(276) (survey of the marine receiving area Embiotoca lateralis for the Crofton mill outfall) 2: 85, 175 (of Mamquam Channel) :(279) (water quality & initial dilution zone :201 (in species list) at the Crofton mill marine receiving area) 82. Erne Ent

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Emery, K.O. Endochironomu8 sp. 1:229(392) (high hydrogen sulfide concentration 6:186 (in species list) effect same as oxygen loss on marine benthos survival) Endocladia muricata (red alga) 2:IB0:(247) (the relationships of sediments, life 3:105 (location; abundance) & water in a marine basin) :222 (in species list) Empetraceae [see also Empetrum) Endowment Lands (University of British Columbia) 6:203 (in species list) Park Committee 1:IB0:(459) (enviability of this unspoiled Empetrum nigrum (crowberry) recreational area) 3:115 (muskeg flora) :233; 6:203 (in species list) Energy Development Sector 6:101 (community position; species associations; 1:IB0:(486) (map of principal B.C. power generating abundance) developments & main electric trans mission system) Emphemerella (small mayfly) 6:184 [E. doddsi; E. inermis; E. invaria; E. Energy Hierarchy mioheneri; E. proserpina; E. serrata; E. 1:220 (diagram re food chain) simplex; E. walkeri; E. sp. (in species list)) Energy Study Group Empididae (dance flies) 3:IB0:(347) (fish; power studies in the Yukon & 1:266; 3:206; 6:187 (in species list) northern B.C.) 2:194 (empidid sp. (in species list)) Engelson, H.J. Empiodonox difficilis (western flycatcher) 6:139(282) (carbon particles & fish) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:214; 4:200; 5:189 (in species list) Engineering Drillers Limited 1:IB0:(359) (Richmond Municipality soil report) Empidonax flaviventris (yellow-bellied flycatcher) 3:239 (in species list) Engineering Journal 6:112(275) (history & development of Nechako- Empidonax hammondii (Hammond's flycatcher) Kemano-Kitimat Project) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:214; 3:239; 4:220 (in species list) English Bay 1: 73, 204 (movement of North Arm river water past Empidonax minimus (least flycatcher) Spanish Banks into) 6:215 (in species list) :187 (beaches) :204 (re sewage) Empidonax oberholseri (dusky flycatcher) 6:215 (in species list) English, W.N. 1:IBO:(347) (memorandum re summary of Marine Empidonax traillii (Traill's flycatcher) Sciences Directorate projects in 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) estuaries) 2:213; 3:239; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) Engraulis mordax (anchovy) Empidonax trailii alnorum (alder flycatcher) 3:216; 4:206; 5:173 (in sepcies list) 3:239; 4:220 (in species list) Enhydra lutris (sea otter) Empidonax wrightii (gray flycatcher) 1:IB0:(445, 451); 2:IB0:(315, 319); 3:IB0:(374, 378) 3:239 (in species list) (habitat) :(454) (food) Emplectonima gracile (ribbon worm) 5:166 (in species list) Enns, A.J. 1: 84(400) [Orchestoida pugettensis amphipod Employer's Council of British Columbia abundant on beaches of Spanish Banks 1:IB0:(459) (limitations & attractions of B.C. & Point Grey near Fraser River mouth) for industry) Enophrys bison (buffalo sculpin) Emslie, J.H. 2:201; 3:216 (in species list) 1:IBO:(370) (surface temperature field for Greater 3: 88 (estuarine resident) Vancouver) :(370); 2:IB0:(263) (wind flow in Burrard Inlet) Enoplus sp. (nematode, unspecified) :(373) (meteorological relations to air 4:190 (in species list) pollution at Vancouver) :(373) (lower B.C. mainland air quality study) Ensatina esohscholtzi (red salamander) 1:325 (habitat; food) Enchanter's Nightshade [see Ciroaea alpina) 4:225; 5:193 (in species list)

Endersby, S.A. Enteromorpha olathrata 5(253) (Captain Vancouver's estuarine survey) 2:101, 102 (coverage of west, central & east delta 7(253) (railway routes; settlement patterns) front zones) 112(275) (evaluation of physical & development :103 (east delta location) planning for Kitimat) :206 (in species list) 83. Ent Env

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Enteromorpha clathrata (cont'd.) 1:IB0:(345) (news) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) :(363) (Fraser Valley) :(462) (Fraser River effects) Enteromorpha clathrata crinata (green alga) 2:IB0 :(246); 3:IB0:(295) (re estuarine & brackish 3:104 (pollution tolerance) water) :219; 5:179 (in species list) 3:190 (general on-going studies) :IB0 :(295, 303) (re estuary) Enteromorpha compressa (green alga) :(318, 366) (assessment of watershed) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) :(393) (pollution monitoring) :219; 5:179 (in sepcies list) 155 (considerations; habitat restoration) 158 (pollution control legislation) Enteromorpha intestinalis (green confetti) 159 161(278, 311) (regional awareness of) 1:291; 3:219; 4:211; 5,179 (in species list) IBO (278) (data) 3:105 (pollution tolerance) (314) (recreational boating effects on) 4:108 (habitat) (314) (Chemainus Bay) 5:IB0 (281); 6:IB0:(284, 286) (legislation) Enteromorpha intestinalis cylindrooea (green alga) 3:105 (pollution tolerance) Environment Canada (see also Canada Department of :219; 5:179 (in species list) Environment) 1:206(475) (toxicity of chlorine residuals in Enteromorpha linza (alga) domestic sewage to fish) 1:147 (dominant on Sturgeon Bank transepts) :208(475) (criteria for sewage disposal into 3:219; 5:179 (in species list) natural waters, re protection of the public) Enteromorpha prolifera (green alga) :215(475) (criteria for landfill sites & types of 3:219; 5:179 (in species list) materials allowed) :IB0:(347) (bulletin) Enteromorpha sp. (alga) :(459) (Vancouver Airport expansion re 1:134, 146 (on Boundary Bay high tidal flats) regional context) :147 (on lona Island jetty) :(475); 3:IB0:(388) (zinc & boron pollution in 2:206; 3:219; 5:179 (in species list) B.C. coastal waters by pulpmill 3:xxiv, 105 (pollution tolerance; habitat) effluents) :103 (abundance; location; condition of Ridley 2: 2(247) (Squamish River drainage basin) Island species) : 24(256) (Howe Sound area soil composition) 5: 96 (distribution of Ulva-Enteromorpha : 25(256) (organic content & rate of oxidation re associations) precipitation, elevation & temperature) : 39(265) (diversion of normal Mamquam River flow Enteromorpha torta (green alga) due to 1945 flood) 5:179 (in species list) : 64(271) (oceanographic investigations re B.C. rail port development for bulk loading Enteromorpha tubulosa (alga) & storage facility) 1:291; 5:179 (in species list) : 78(284) (zooplankton community studies) : 92(294) (degradation of spawning habitat sited Entodesma saxicola (bivalve) as possible reason for spawning failure 5:170 (in species list) of Mamquam River herring) : 94(294) (economic position of commercial fish Entomostraca [see Calanoida; Copepoda; Crustacea; eries) Cyclopoida; Harpacticoida) : 95(291) (Cheakamus River: number two steelhead river in lower mainland) Entosphenous tridentatus (Pacific lamprey) [see : 95(294) (estimated salmon sport fish catch) Lampetra tridentatus) :107(305) (Keats & Bowen Island, West Bay to Horseshoe Bay located in the Arbutus Entrodontaceae (moss family) [see also Pleurozium) subzone) 6:203 (in species list) :112(313) (estuarine environment critical to migrating waterfowl during spring & Envirocon Limited fall migration & overwintering periods) 2: 95(248, 294-295) (increase in salmon stocks - 113(313) (small mallard populations overwinter pink & chum commercially important) on delta) : 96(248, 294-295) (total sports fishing catch - 114(313) (small swan populations overwinter on Howe Sound) delta) : 97(248, 294-295) (freshwater sports fishery - 116(313) (area inhabited by same species of diving annual primary use value) ducks as found between Lions Bay & : 97(248, 294-295) (native fish food catch) Britannia Beach) 5:148(280) (environmental impact of sodium chloride :118(313) (area between Lions Bay & Britannia from log fired power boilers) Beach inhabited by western grebes [Aechmophorus oocidentalis)) Environment (see also various aspects of, particu :119(313) (loons noted in Howe Sound) larly Climatology; Food headings; Geology; :120(313) (the cormorant family (Phalacrocoracidae) Hydrology; Land use; Oceanography; Pollution occur seasonally in Howe Sound) headings; Sediments; Waste disposal; Water quality) :120(313) (cormorant nesting colonies) 1: x (significance & importance of; names of steer :120(313) (some seabirds populations increase) ing committees & working groups investigating) :12l(313) (seabird species frequent Burrard :xii (names of members of Estuary Working Group) Inlet-Howe Sound region in winter) :233 (general conclusions re conservation) :122(313) (great blue heron nesting sites) Env 84. Epi

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Environment Canada (cont'd.) Environmental Protection Service 2 123(313 ) (band-tailed pigeon migrations) 1: 7 (as source of information) 126 313 ) (estuary visitors - Harbour porpoise :211, 213(475) (types of industries on lower Fraser [Phocaena vomerina), northern sea lion River & possible toxic or otherwise [Eumetopias jubata), killer whale deleterious substance they release to [Oroinus area)) environment) :136(322) (effects of development on estuary) :329-341(475) (table of industrial & domestic :141(330) (sewage treatment plants) effluent sources on lower Fraser River) :153(330) (elevated zinc levels in some B.C. :IB0:(347) (present & future uses of Fraser River shellfish) system) ;154(329) (ecological condition of receiving :(475) (pesticide analyses) waters at Port Melon & Woodfibre) 6:163(330) (mercury levels in Howe Sound) :155(329) (ecological condition of receiving :164(330) (fish kills re chlorine & hypochlorite waters at Port Melon & Woodfibre) levels) :158(330) (elevated zinc levels in Gambier Island :IB0:(330) (B.C. Pollution Control Branch brief re oysters) food processing; agriculturally orient :171(247) (changes in delta environment re ed & other miscellaneous industries) construction of B.C. rail harbour :(330) (Environmental Protection Service facility) submission to Estuary Working Group) 174(247) (conclusion regarding environmental 4(298) (estuarine boundaries) impact study) 145(388) (Skeena River sewage outfalls) 174(247) (Mamquam Channel - biologically active 146(388) (locations & types of effluents dis at present) charged to Skeena River estuary) 175(247) (possible habitat destruction) :149(388) (fish processing effluents) ;176(247) (alternate sites for establishment of :164(388) (effluent characteristics of Prince coal handling, deep sea port) Rupert Forest Products Limited) IBO:(247) (environmental consideration relating :171(388) (temperature of Canadian Cellulose to port development in the estuary) gaseous emissions) :(247); 3:IB0:(297) (annual report of Pacific :245(388) (water pollution sources in the Skeena Environmental Institute) River & its estuary) :(322) (unpublished report: Third Burrard Inlet :255(388) (water pollution sources upstream of crossing environmental considerations Skeena River estuary) relating to port development in the :268(388) (air pollution sources on Skeena River estuary) estuary) :(329) (proposed oil transport between Valdez & Cherry Point refinery - environment Eopsetta jordani (petrale sole) al consequences) 1:275; 3:216; 4:207 (in species list) :(330) (B.C. Pollution Control Branch brief 2: 88 (theoretical estuarine resident) re disposal of municipal wastes) 3: 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior Rocks trawl : 69(337) (environmental impact study) fishery) :76(337) (calanoid copepods) :IB0:(342) (tagging results) :175(381) (Prince Rupert harbour boundaries) :(353) (population dynamics) :177(381) (effects of port development of adjacent 4: 97 (juveniles inhabit Cowichan estuary) ecosystems) :IBO:(297) (three reports concerning estuary Eteone (polychaeta) environment) 1:262 [E. longa (in species list)) :(307, 324, 325, 332) (environmental effect assessment re Prince Rupert superport Ephemera sp. (burrowing mayfly, unspecified) development) 3:205 (in species list) :(387) (inquiry into the food processing, agriculturally oriented & other Ephemeroptera (mayflies) miscellaneous industries) 82 (in Richmond sphagnum bogs) :(388) (inquiry into disposal of municipal 83 (larvae in river at Mission) wastes) 113 (nymphs as white sturgeon food) : 52(276) (Cowichan River water quality) 71, 72 (larvae as food of salmon fry & sculpins) 151(313) (ecological effect of zinc & boron 72 (as flounder & chinook salmon food resources) effluents discharged from coastal pulp 194, 200 (emphemeropteran sp. (in species list)) & paper mills) xxii (nymphs noted in drainage system benthos) :245(276) (statistical data available from 64 [Ephemera nymphs in Lakelse Lake) Government Agencies) 65 (nymphs in Babine Lake & Morrison Lake) :IB0:(276) (Cowichan Bay shellfish survey) 65 (as food of salmon fry) :(276) (water quality information re Cowichan 65 (tolerance to pollution) & Chemainus River estuaries) 205; 4:186; 6 184 (in species list) 4:xxi (species dominance) Environmental Management & Pollution Control 5: 68 (habitat; re trout diet) Commission 1: 7(347) (report on land use, pollution control Epiactis prolifera (anthozoan) & recreation) 2:187; 4:189 (in species list)

Environmental Management Service Epifauna (see also Benthos; types & species) 3:IBO:(298, 388) (environmental effects study re 1: 80 (definition of) proposed development activity in 4:157 (enhancement of) northwestern B.C.) 85. Epi Eri

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Epilabidocera (calanoids) Equisetum fluviatile (swamp horsetail) 1:272 [E. amphitrites (in species list)) 1:279; 3:229; 6:203 (in species list) 2:198 (£. sp. (in species list)) Equisetum hiemale (horsetail) Epilobium adenocaulon 1:279 (in species list) 3:229 (in species list) Equisetum limosum (horsetail) Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) 1:282; 3:229; 4:213; 5:181; 6:206 (in species list) 3:113 (successional forest component) Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail) 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) 1:132 (in delta tidal flats) : 98 (alluvial flood plain forest associations) Equisetum pratense (horsetail) Epilobium grandulosum (common willow weed) 6:203 (in species list) 3:229 (in species list) Equisetum sp. (horsetails, unspecified) Epilobium latifolium (willowherb) 1:145 (in Shady Island drier areas) 6:206 (in species list) 3:xxiv, 108 (habitat) :108 (location; usage) Epilobium mintum (willowherb) :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) 1:282 (in species list) Equisetum sylvatioum (horsetail) Epilobium watsonii (northern willowherb) 6:203 (in species list) 1:282; 6:207 (in species list) Equisetum variegatum (horsetail) Epinebalia pugettensis (malacostracan) 6:203 (in species list) 4: 74 (species dominance, abundance, diversity & biomass within the Depauperate & Transition Eremophila alpestris (horned lark) communities adjacent Crofton pulp mill) 2:214; 4:220; 5;189; 6:215 (in species list) :198 (in species list) Erethizon dorsatum nigrescens (porcupine) Epistominella pacifica 1:321 (habitat; food) 1:259 (in species list) 2:217; 3:242; 6:218 (in species list) 6:110 (abundance) Epithemia sp. (diatom, unspecified) 3:221 (in species list) Erethizontidae (American porcupines) 3:242; 6:218 (in species list) Epitonium sp. (gastropod, unspecified) 2:189; 4:194 (in species list) Ericaceae (heaths or heather family) (see also Andromeda; Arctostaphylos; Chimaphila; Epizoanthus scotinus Gaultheria; Hemitomes; Hypopitys; Kalmia; 2:187 (in species list) Ledum; Menziesia; Moneses; Monotropa; Oxycoccos; Pyrola; Vacoinium) Epp. P. 1:143 (use ammonia for nitrogen & are tolerant 1:IBO:(456) (soil classification for recreational of iron in bog water) capability in Boundary Bay) :IB0:(433, 437); 2:IBO:(306); 3:IB0:(366, 367); 4:IBO:(298) (of the Pacific northwest) Eptesicus fuscus bernardinus (big brown bat) 6:203 (in species list) 1:322 (habitat; food) 2:216; 4:223; 5:191 (in species list) Erickson, R.D. 4:IBO:(301) (range extension) 6: 67(266) (tree damage in Alcan smelter vicinity) : 69(266) (defoliation re spruce budworm Equalus berkeleyorum infestations) 2: 67 (location of) :192 (in species list) Erigeron canadensis (Canada fleabane) 1:282 (in species list) Equalus maorophthaImus 2: 67 (location of) Erigeron oompositus (compound fleabane; horseweed) :192 (in species list) 1:282 (in species list)

Equisetaceae (horsetail & scouring rush family) Erigeron philadelphicus (fleabane) (see also Equisetum) 4:108 (distribution on Chemainus salt marsh) 6:203 (in species list) :213 (in species list) Equisetum arvense (common horsetai1) Erigeron sp. (fleabane, unspecified) 1:279; 2:207; 3:229; 4:213; 5:181, 183; 6:203 (in 1:283 (in species list) species list) 2:110, 111 [Equisetum arvensis, Lonicera-Rubus3 Eriocera (dipteran) Saliceto-Populetum ecosystem types) 6: 185 [E. gultonensis; E. sp. (in species list)) 3:116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation) 6: 96, 102 (dominance; habitat; species associations) Eriophorum angustifolium (cotton grass) :102 (community position) 108 (habitat) 115 (muskeg flora) 229 (in species list) 86. Eri Est

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Eriophorum chamissonis (russet cotton-grass) Estuaries - General 1:143 (in wettest area of bogs) 1:262; 2:IB0:(255); 3:IB0:(314) [sedimentation) 3:229; 6:203 (in species list) :IB0:I:(344, 351, 352) (estuarine & brackish water) 6:101 (community position; species association; :(345) (social & economic importance) abundance) :(345, 350, 458); 4:IBO:(307) (environmental quality) Eriophorum sp. (cotton-grass, unspecified) :(346, 348, 350) (characteristics) 6:203 (in species list) :(346, 348, 350); 3:IB0:(296) (crisis) :(346, 348, 350); 3:IB0:(297); 5:IB0:(224) Erosion (classification; environmental factors) 1: 14, 24 (of cliffs as sediment sources) :(347) (workshop proceedings) 14, 26 (of salt marshes) :(348, 460); 2:IB0:(248, 249); 3:IB0:(298, 60 (hydraulic models of river bottom, etc.) 299); 4:IBO:(264, 283, 302) (public 211 (of soil into river, re agricultural land use) responsibilities & human impact on) IBO:(356, 358) (Point Grey) :(349, 351, 353); 2:IB0:(249, 251, 253); 3:IB0: 18 (of sandbar —east side of Squamish river (296, 200, 202); 4:IB0:(264); 5:IB0: mouth) (250, 261, 267) (information sources) :145; 5:142 (re logging practices) :(350) (Pacific region) :IBO:(325) (Squamish Valley problems) :(350, 353); 2:IB0:(251); 3:IB0:(301); 4:IB0: 5:146 (re riverine course alterations & effected (283) (ecology) property owner's options) :(351); 2:IB0:(251) (hydrodynamics) :(351, 354); 2:IB0:(251); 3:IB0:(305) (physical Errant sp. (errant polychaete, unspecified) considerations) 2:188 (unidentified member of errantia) :(364); 2:IB0:(259); 3:IB0:(311) (cation 3: 73 (habitats of) distribution) 6:188 (in species list) :(374); 2:IBO:(266); 3:IBO:(318, 319) (hydro logy) Errantia (see also Cheilonereis; Errant sp.; Eteone; :(378, 393) (ionic ratios) :(378, 393); 2:IB0:(267); 3:IB0:(320, 333) 1:IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(334) (checklist, (water quality & population indices) west coast Canadian forms) :(379) (sedimentation model) 3:199; 4:190 (in species list) :(382) (tidal inlet effects upon) 4: 74 (ecologically significant in Stuart Channel) :(389, 482); 2:IB0:(276, 336); 3:IB0:(330) 5:IB0:(249) (benthic forms; habitat) (embayment dynamics) :(250) (general information) :(392); 2:IB0:(278); 3:IB0:(332) (biology; physical & environmental relationships) Erythronium oregonum (dogtooth-violet) :(394) (oxygen deficiencies) 4:213 (in species list) :(394); 2:IB0:(278); 3:IBO:(333); 4:IB0:(283) (biological significance) Erythrotricha cornea (alga) (407); 2:IB0:(254, 291, 303); 3:IB0:(305,342, 5:179 (in species list) 343, 363); 4:IB0:(296) (fisheries) (412); 3:IB0:(305); 4:IB0:(246) (piscary Erythrothrichia parksii minor dependance upon) 5:179 (in species list) (456, 462); 2:IB0:(321, 322, 324); 3:IB0:(381, 382); 4:IB0:(305); 5:IB0:(271) (land Eschriohtius robustus (gray whale) status information) 2:217; 3:243; 4:224 (in species list) :(462); 2:IBO:(324); 3:IB0:(382) (long-term :IB0:(377) (migration; feeding) effects of training walls, reclamation & dredging re) Esler, J.A. :(482); 3:IB0:(337, 393, 394); 4:IB0:(283) 1:IB0:(360) (Fraser River Valley flood sediments (pollution bibliography & study) character) 2:IB0:(247) (classification) :(247, 251); 3:IB0:(296) (response to distur Esperella oocidentalis bances) 2:186 (in species list) :(248); 3:IB0:(298, 299) (dimensions) (249); 3:IBO:(300) (exchange processes) Esperiopsis quatsinoeunsis :(250) (four ecology reports) 2:186 (in species list) (250); 3:IBO:(301) (management) (252) (environmental characteristics; tidal) Esperiopsis rigida (254) (physiography) 2:186 (in species list) (266); 3:IB0:(317); 6:IB0:(264) (hydrography) (270) (re tidal inlets) Esquimau and Nanaimo Railway Company (279) (primary production; biological 4:xxv, 8, 9, 10; 5: 7 (historical significance) significance) : 10, 159 (expansion; implications for forest (286) (benthos) industry) (325); 3:IB0:(383) (land use bibliography) 134 (ownership) 3:IBO:(296) (socio-economic importance) 134; 5: 7 (routes & services) (298) (physical & biological relationships) 142(261) (land holdings) (298) (projects) 159 (development effects) (300) (flushing) :IB0:(261) (maps) (301) (bibliography) (301) (critical zones) (301) (structure) 87. Est Eup

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Estuaries - General (cont'd.) Euorangonyx gracilis (amphipod) 3:IB0:(301); 4:IB0:(283) (in Pacific Northwest) 4:188 (in species list) :(302) (environmental alteration) :(302) (dynamics) Eudistyla (polychaete) :(302) (physical definition) 3:200 [E. sp. (in species list)) :(304, 305) (recent studies) 4:192 [E. gigantea (in species list)) :(304, 305) (preservation, protection, development & restoration measures) Euglenoids :(323) (Hecate Strait model studies re 2:100 (estuarine phytoplankton components) structure of) :205; 3:219 (in species list) :(381) (re industry) 4:IBO:(263, 283) (environment) Eulachon (see Thaleichthys paoifious) :(264, 283) (conference proceedings) :(283) (oil pollution) Eulalia bilineata (polychaete) 5:IB0:(224) (circulation) 3:199; 4:191 (in species list) :(271) (development policy) :(274) (land usage) Eulalia nigrimaculata (errant polychaete) 6:IB0:(264) (invertebrate habitats) 4:191 (in species list) :(264) (oceanography) Eulalia sanguinea (errant polychaete) Estuary (see also Fraser River estuary arms and 4:191 (in species list) channels; Fraser River estuary and delta) 1 (definition & ecological importance of an) Eulalia sp. (polychaeta, unspecified) 2 (area of Fraser River estuarine influence) 3:199 (in species list) 15, 26-29 (geological history & rate of seaward advance of Fraser River estuary) Eulalia viridis (errant polychaete) 4:191 (in species list) Estuary Working Group 1: ix, x; 2:xxi, xvi (formation & purpose) Eumetopias jubata (sea lion) :xii, 2: xv; 3:xviii; 4:xvii (membership) 1:IB0:(450); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (general :IBO:(351) (re Fraser River estuary) information) 2:xiii, xiv (duties) :(453); 2:IBO:(320) (distribution; food) :IB0:(247); 3:IB0:(295) (report) :(499); 2:IB0:(318) (investigations) :(248) (conference proceedings) 2:126 (theoretical inhabitant) :(330) (information source) :218; 3:244; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) 3:xii (structure of) 3:125 (estuarine distribution) :IBO:(297, 327, 347) (Skeena estuary data) :IB0:(374) (re Alaska) :(305, 320); 5:IB0:(236); 6:IB0:(262) (hydro- :(377) (B.C. occurrence) logical data) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) :(315); 6:IB0:(260) (climatological data) 5:110 (frequent Dodd Narrows) :(338) (re estuarine benthos) 6:109 (season of occurrence; utilization of) :(371); 4:IB0:(301) (wildlife data) :(383) (land use data) Eumicrotremus orbis (spiny lumpsucker) :(388); 4:IB0:(312) (re pollution) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 4:IB0:(292) (re fish) :216; 4:207 (in species list) Eteone longa (class: Polychaeta; family: Phyllodocidae) Eunicidea (polychaetes) 2: 70 (dominate in central delta, lower zone) 3:199 (in species list) :188; 3:199; 4:191 (in species list) Eunoe nodosa (polychaeta) Eteone paoifica (polychaete) 3:199 (in species list) 3:199 (in species list) Eupentaota quinquesemita (sea cucumber) Eteone spetsbergensis (polychaete) 2:195; 3:209; 4:210; 5,171 (in species list) 3:199; 4:191; 6:188 (in species list) Euphagus carolinus (rusty blackbird) Ettershank, G. 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:IBO:(256) (map; Woodfibre to Squamish) 3:241; 4:222; 6:216 (in species list) Eualus berkeleyorum (Caridean shrimp) Euphagus oyanocephalus (Brewer's blackbird) 1:IB0:(399); 2:IB0:(283); 3:IB0:(336) (B.C. records) 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Euoalanus (calanoids; copepods) 1:272 [E. bungii (in species list)) Euphausia paoifica 2:199; 3:213 (in species list) Eucampia [di atoms) 3: 76 (habitats of) 1:290 [E. zoodiacus (in species list)) 4:106 (re Chemainus Bay phytoplankton) Eupausia sp. 2:199 (in species list) Euohaeta japonica (calanoids; copepod) 1:272; 2:198 (in species list) Euphausiacea 5:IBO:(251) (life history; post embryonic 109 (as food of eulachon) development) 110 (as food of longfin smelt) 273 (unidentified larval species in zooplankton) Eup Exo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Euphausiacea (cont'd.) Eurhynohium stokesii (moss) 2: 81 (location with respect to salinity) 6: 99, 100 (community position) : 81, 82 (abundance; as macrozooplankton & food :100 (abundance) of fish) :201 (in species list) :199 (in species list) 3:xxii (in estuary) Eurytemora (calanoids) : 75 (as food of salmonids) 1:272 [E. herundoides; E. johanseni (in species : 76 (planktonic components) list)) :213 (nauplii (in species list)) 2: 81 [E. sp. as food of fish) 5:IBO:(254) (western Canadian) :198 Ie. sp. (in species list)) 3: 76 [E. paoifica as planktonic components) Euphrasis arctica :212 [E. pacifioa (in species list)) 6:210 (in species list) Eutamias amaensis (northwestern chipmunk) Euprimno sp. 2:216; 3:242 (in species list) 2:199 (in species list) Eutamias minimus (least chipmunk) Eurocan Pulp and Paper Company Limited 3:242 (in species list) 6:xvii, xviii (environmental studies, concern & solutions) Eutamias townsendi townsendi (Townsend chipmunk) :xix, xxvii (possible environmental effects) 1:322 (habitat; food) :xxv, xxvi (with respect to benthic community studies) Evadne sp. :xxvii, 123, 127 (employment) 3: 76 (planktonic component) :xxviii, 123 (diversification) :211 (in species list) : 44, 130 (fresh water consumption) 6: 72 (as salmonid food resource) : 57(263, 264, 284, 286, 381) (current studies re : 79 (juvenile coho & chum consumption of) outfall location) :123 (economic importance) Evans, G. 123, 127 (location & industrial status) 1:IB0:(360) (industrial flat sediments & their 127(276) (use of Kitimat logging progress map) deposition in the. wash) 127(276) (re resource management folio) 127(280) (products) Evans, J.N. 128(280) (production capacity & methods) 4:IB0:(307) (Cowichan district pioneers & pioneer 130(261, 263, 274, 280) (water source) women) :131, 144, 145, 146, 150 (re effluent discharge) 134, 145, 146, 148, 150(285) (water sampling Evaporation and Evapotranspiration programs) 1: 33-34 (recording station at University of :135, 146, 150, 166, 169 (effluent effects) B.C.) :137, 145, 146 (sewage treatment facilities &/or : 44-45 (seasonal trends on estuary) methods) :145 (intake design re salmonids) Evasteriaa (starfish) :145, 146, 149 (effluent characteristics; data) 1:269; 3:209; 4;202 [E. trosohelli (in species :146 (discharge precautions) list)) :147 (effluent disposal plan) 2: 74 [Evasterias sp. habitat) :150, 166(269, 286) (re all edged fish tainting) : 75, 76, 77, 148 [E. trosohelli in log booming :152 (log handling & storage areas) grounds, Sunset marina, Britannia Beach :161 (site advantages re emissions) region, west delta) :163, 164(286) (ambient air quality surveys - :195 (in species list) parameters monitored, schedule, results & 4: 76 [e. trosohelli abundance in Stuart Channel) government standards) 163, 167 (gaseous wastes - sources, regulations Evergreen Huckleberry [see Vacoinium ovatum) & controls) 173 (information source) Everlasting, pearly [see Anaphalis margaritacea) IBO:I:(257, 266, 271) (re intertidal zone) :(264) (outfall design specifications) Evermann, B.W. :(266, 280) (environmental surveys) 1:IB0:(414) (checklist of Canadian freshwater fishes) :(269, 285) (mill tour) :(276) (map; tree farm) Everson, L.B. :(280) (location) 3:IB0:(317, 332) (Babine Lake biological & water :(285) (recriminations) quality study) Euryoercus lamellatus [branchiopod) Exogone gemmifera (errant polychaete) 4:187 (in species list) 4:191 (in species list) Euryhynchium austriaoa (moss) Exogone lourei (polychaeta) 6:200 (in species list) 3:199 (in species list) Eurhynohium oreganum (moss) Exosphaeroma oregonensis (isopod) 1:279; 3:224; 4:211; 6:200 (in species list) 2:xix (abundance; habitat) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-moss associations) : 68 (located on tidal flats in regions unsuited 6:101 (habitat; community position; species for amphipods) associations) :193, 199 (in species list) 89. Exu Fel

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Exuviella marina (dinoflagellate) Farkas, F.D. 1:261 (in species list) 1:IB0:(360) (Pleistocene stratigraphy of Boundary Bay area)

Farley, A.L. 4:IB0:(273) (bibliography of B.C. climatology)

Fabia 8ubquadrata Farmer, D. 4:200 (in species list) 3:IB0:(317) (Babine Lake physical limnological data)

Fairbairn, B. Farmer, L. 1:IB0:(459) (sawlog pollution in lower Fraser River) 2: 60(271) (isopycnals; relaxation times)

Fairbridqe, R.W. Farming; Farmland (see also Agriculture; Animal (farm 4:IBO:(264) (encyclopedia of oceanography) production)) 1:140-141 (dyked, of islands in South Arm) Fairview :181-184 (acreages used for forage, vegetables, 3:179 (location; size; usage; environmental, grain, small fruits, corn silage, potatoes, biological & aesthetic disruption with tree fruits & farm animal production) repsect to shoreline modification) Farrow, M. Falco columbarius (pigeon hawk; merlin) 1:IB0:(475) (Fraser River mouth garbage site 1:300 (habitat; food; etc.) described as potential killer) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) 2:212; 4:217; 5,186; 6:213 (in species list) Farrow, R.C 5:109 (nesting habitat) 3:IB0:(382) (water power investigations)

Falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon) Farry, G. 1:168, 300 (predation; etc.) 1:106(414) (adult sockeye salmon enter Fraser River :168, 300; 3:120 (habitat) chiefly through its Main Arm; migration 2:123 (delta raptors) patterns to river spawning tributaries) :212; 3:217; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) :126(430) (coliform bacteria count, variability in 3:120 (abundance) delta arms re regional resource 4:122 (inhabit region) development) 5:109 (nesting habitat) Farstad, L. Falco rusticolis (gyrfalcon) 1:IB0:(366); 4:IB0:(271); 5:IB0:(231) (B.C. soil 1:300 (habitat; food; etc.) resources) 328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) 4: 28(267) (re Cowichan-Chemainus soils) IBO:(441); 2:IB0:(312) (specimen collection) :228(267) (soil map of Vancouver Island, Duncan- 217; 6:213 (in species list) Nanaimo sheet) 5: 15(227) (Nanaimo area soils) Falco sparveriuB (sparrow hawk) (kestrel) 6: 18(256) (Buckley-Terrace area soil survey) 1:300 (habitat; food; etc.) : 19(256) (re Kitimat Valley soils) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) 2:123 (delta raptor) Fatty acids (see Acids, fatty) :212; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) 4:122 (nesting status; regional inhabitance) Fauria crista-galli (deer cabbage) 6:108 (seasonal occurrence re nesting) 115 (muskeg flora) 116 (sedge-water hemlock vegetation) Falcon, peregrine [see Falco peregrinus) 229 (in species list)

False Asphodel (see Tofieldia glutinosa) Feather Moss 2:103 (common in Douglas fir-western hemlock subzone) False Azalea [see Menziesia ferruginea) :206 (in species list)

False Bugbane Fee, A.R. 2:108 (common in Arbutus subzone) 5:IB0:(251) (Departure Bay isopods) :207 (in species list) Feed (see Food and feeding habits; False Lily-of-the-Valley [see Maianthemum dilatatum) Predation)

False Narrows Feeney, S.F. 5: 58 (current strengths; predictability; 2:IBO:(248) (memo to district engineer) influencing factors; monitoring methods; current tables re navigability) Felidae (cat-like flesh-eaters) (see also Felis; Lynx) : 61 (location; navigability; tidal current 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) characteristics; current speed & direction; calculation methods; turbulent properties) Felis ooncolor (cougar) 2:218; 3:243; 4:224; 5,192; 6:218 (in species list) False Spikenard (see Smilacina racemosa) 4:125 (population size; frequency of occurrence) 6:110 (regional sighting of) •Farina, J. 1:IB0:(459) (social & cultural aspects of recreation) Fen 90. Fis

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fenland (see Serpentine Fen) Finegan, R.P. 1:IBO:(475) (sewage & pesticides in marine Fern (see also Horsetail) environment) Anderson's holly (see Polystiahum andersonii) bracken [see Pteridium aquilinum) Fir deer [see Blechnun spicant) balsam or lovely [see Abies amabilis) lady [see Athyrium filix-femina) Douglas [see Pseudotsuga menziesii) long beech [see Thelypteris phegopteris) grand [see Abies grandis) northern maidenhair (see Adiantum pedatum) oak (see Gymnooarpium dryopteris) Fireweed (see Epilobium angustifolium) parsley (see Cryptogramma orispa) sping wood (see Dryopteris austriaca) Fish and Wildlife Branch sword (see Polyaitohum munition) 1:IBO:(443) (hunter-use of lower B.C. mainland foreshore & public shooting grounds) Fern-leaved Goldthread (see Coptis asplenifolia) Fish Processing (see also Canneries; Cannery Fertilizers effluents; Fisheries and fishery resources; 1:210 (leachates from agricultural, re contribution Food processing industries effluents) of nutrients to natural waters) 1:IB0:(415); 2:IB0:(295); 3:IB0:(348) (re animal :IB0:(358) (Fraser Valley soils) food) :(482); 3:IBO:(394) (wastewater characteris Fescue tics) bearded (see Festuaa subulata) 3: 93, 94, 149 (cold storage plant capacities; fescue grass (see Festuca rubra littoralis) products of reduction plants; smokehouses; foxtail (see Festuoa megalura) filleting plants) red (see Festuoa rubra) 95 (wages & salaries; expansion potential) reed (see Festuoa arundinacea) 135 (establishment; initial extent of) sheep (see Festuca ovina) 149 (general information; effluent characteris western (see Festuca oocidentalis) tics &factors affecting) 149, 150 (halibut processing & wastes) Festuoa arundinacea (reed fescue; beach grass) 150 (groundfish - pre-sale processing, production 1:131, 132, 134, 142 (on islands of river's South methods, marketable products, waste products Arm) — usage & disposal of) 4:212 (in species list) 150, 151 (salmon processing & wastes) 151 (herring & crab production & wastes) Festuoa megalura (foxtail fescue) 152 (shrimp production & wastes) 4:212 (in species list) 152, 153 (re rendering fish processing wastes; marketable products; effluent characteristics; Festuca oocidentalis (western fescue) consequences of high suspended solids, low 4:122 (re Douglas-fir-salal-lichen associations) oxygen concentrations & poor aesthetics) :153, 154 (environmental & biotic effects) Festuoa ovina (sheep fescue) :154 (aesthetics; oil & grease concentrations; 1:283; 5:181 (in species list) implications of) :154 (research needs) Festuaa rubra (fescue; fescue grass; red fescue) :171 (gaseous & particulate emissions; factors 1:283; 2:207; 3:229; 5:180, 181; 6:204 (in species effecting odour) list) :253-254 (dischargers identification numbers, 2:106 (common intertidally) locations, amounts & effluent quality; 3:113 (understory component of the foreshore- comment with respect to river & estuarine coastal forest transition zone) pollution sources) :114 (hairgrass-sedge zone vegetation; headland flora) Fisher (see Martes pennanti) 6: 94 (dominance; community position) Fisher, H.D. Festuca rubra littoralis (fescue; fescue grass) 1:323(442) (hair seal resident colony in Boundary 1:129 (in estuary grass & forb community) Bay) :134 (in Boundary & Mud Bays) 2:IB0:(314) (B.C. harbour seal status with parti cular reference to the Skeen River) Festuca subulata (bearded fescue) 124(372) (estuary seal population & habitat) 3:229 (in species list) 125(372) (seals noted in Lakelse Lake & Terrace) 126(372) (hauling-out sites of Skeena River Few-flowered Shooting Star (see Dodecatheon pauoi harbour seals) florum) Fisheries and Fishery Resources (see also Fishing, Figueira, A.J.G. recreational; Coastline) 5:IBO:(254) (synopsis of Canadian marine zooplankton) l:xvii (crabs off Sturgeon Bank, Boundary & Mud Bays) Finch :xvii (Fraser River probably most important in gray-crowned rose (see Leucostiote tephroootis) North America for salmon) Hepburn rosy (see Leuoostiate tephroootis : 97-100 (oysters, clams, crabs & shrimps as littoralis) resources of estuary) house (see Carpodaoue mexicanus) : 98 (map of major clam, oyster, crab, shrimp & purple (see Carpodaous purpureus) scallop beds & fishing areas in Fraser River 91 Fis Fis

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fisheries and Fishery Resources (cont'd.) 3: 99, 100 (eulachon oil fishery; capture methods; estuary area) important species; yield; locations) 1:99 (legal size of crabs for commerical & : 99, 100; 4:103; 6: 89, 90 (nature & importance recreational fishing; catches in Boundary of native Indian food fishery) Bay area) :135 (halibut & salmon fisheries) :118-120 (sockeye salmon) :IBO:(342, 352) (demersal fisheries) :120 (pink salmon) :(342, 353) (groundfish catch patterns & :120-121 (chum salmon) statistics) :121 (chinook salmon) :(347) (re logging) :121-122 (coho salmon) :(354, 362, 363) (trawl) :122 (white sturgeon) :(361) (history) :122 (mountain whitefish; Dolly Varden; rainbow & :(362) (groundfish exploratory fishing) cutthroat trout; carp; calico bass; Pacific 4: 81 (commercial & recreational value of lamprey larvae; shad) invertebrate fisheries) :123 (eulachon) 81 (molTuscan aquaculture) :123 (longfin smelt) 82, 83 (Stuart Channel shrimping) :123 (sea-run cutthroat trout) 84, 85 (of the Cowichan-Chemainus region) :124 (steelhead trout) 85-93 (salmonid stocks) :124 (Pacific herring) 98-100 (regional fisheries) :124-125 (trout farms in estuary) 99 (Strait of Georgia salmon stocks) :125 (assignment of dollar value to recreation & 100 (commercial fishing in statistical areas 17 preservation of Fraser River salmon) & 18) :137, 196, 201, 212, 330-332 (waterfront use for :100, 101; 6: 87, 88, 89 (freshwater sport handling, processing & canneries) fisheries) :236 (map showing delta foreshore areas desirable 102; 6: 87, 88, 89 (tidal sport fisheries) for conservation habitats) xxv (of estuarine region) :242 (ongoing research projects) 75 (factors effecting) :IB0:(353, 428); 3:IB0:(363) (estuarine signifi 86 (commercial fisheries -supplied by Nanaimo cance) River salmonids, economic value, landings & :(392); 3:IB0:(347) (re hydro-electric species composition) development) 86 (herring roe fishery) :(406, 425); 2:IB0:(290, 301); 3:IB0:(359); 87-89 (recreational freshwater fishery) 4:IBO:(295) (abundance; distribution; 123 (importance; administration) commercial exploitation on Canadian 123 (re whaling; fishing locations) west coast) 147(236, 259, 271, 279, 281, 282, 289) (altered :(407-420) (bibliography) hydrological, physiographical & vegetal :(408, 409, 410, 411) (problems re Moran Dam) parameters on Nanaimo River fish production) :(413) (facilities & problems) :175 (economic value of Area 17 fisheries) :(415); 2:IBO:(295); 3:IBO:(348) (resource use 6: 85 (commercial fishing areas, methods, conflicts) exploitations & regulation) :(416) (B.C. revenue derived from) 86 (inside water of Area 6) :(419); 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(353) (performances 197 (landed values of Area 6) & prospects with respect to Canadian IBO:(269) (possible hatchery sights) Pacific region) :(280) (re river channelization) :(421); 2:IB0:(299); 3:IB0:(356) (profits) :(422); 2:IB0:(300); 3:IB0:(357) (re B.C. Fisheries and Marine Service legislation & treaties) 2: 89(295) (average annual steelhead & salmon :(426) (lower mainland management) escapement 1962-1971) :(469, 472) (local fishing bar locations) : 89(295) (other fish records for river system; :(476); 2:IB0:(330, 389) (re pollution problems) table) 2: 89 (important species) : 90(295) (fall & spring adult & juvenile : 89 (Squamish River system escapement records) migrations) : 93-97 (history; catches; abundance of) 3:214(348) (Skeena River anadromous fish escapement) : 93-97; 3: 99, 100 (value) : 97 (catch, effort, value & nature of native Fisheries Association of British Columbia food fishery) 1:IB0:(414) (fisheries problems re proposed Fraser : 97 (total catch & value of Squamish River estuary River Moran Dam) fishery) :163 (closed areas re pollution) Fisheries Development Council :173, 175 (proposed population decline & loss of 1:IBO:(476) (summaries of fisheries research re spawning habitat re estuarine development) pollution problem) :IB0:(302) (values & protection recommendations re Sunshine coast & Squamish-Lillooet Fisheries Operations Directorate Regional District) 2:145 (330) (logging practices re environmental 3: 89 (fisheries purposes) influence) : 89-95, 135(364); 4: 98-100 (commercial fishing) 3:IBO:(389) (B.C. Forest Service guidelines for : 91, 92 (trawl fishery - location, catch sizes of clearcut logging; stream bank, various components, trends) shoreline & water quality protection) : 91, 92 (references; stability of fishery) : 91, 92(360, 364) (economic importance) Fisheries Research Board of Canada : 94 (classification of Prince Rupert fishing fleet) 1:IB0:(414) (list of Nanaimo Station Circulars & : 94; 4:123 (employment opportunities) Technical Reports) : 94, 95, 135 (fish processing; fisheries related activities) 92. Fis Fis

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fisheries Service 76 (larvae) 1: 7 (as source of information) 166 (effects of oil on) :IBO:(476) (activities of Service re environment 214; 5:172; 6: 77, 192 (anadromous fish of lower Fraser River & Strait of escapement) Georgia) IBO:(342) (northeastern Pacific demersal fisheries) 3: 76(337) (productivity study & zooplankton study 85-93 (salmonids) in Flora Bank area) 86-89; 6: 78, 79; 5: 76, 77 (coho salmon) 84(347) (steelhead runs on the Sustut River) 89-91; 5: 76, 77-80; 6: 80 (chum salmon) 106(366) (importance of Flora Bank eelgrass beds) 91, 92; 5: 77-80; 6: 80, 81 (chinook salmon) 107(366) (Flora Bank eelgrass distribution) 92, 93 (steelhead trout) 177(298) (cursory study of Skeena River estuary 93, 94; 5: 82 (cutthroat trout) biological productivity) 94; 5: 82 (rainbow trout) 95, 96 (brown trout) Fishes (Freshwater, marine, semi-anadromous and 96 (brook trout; bullhead; bass) anadromous (see also separate headings for their 96; 5: 83 (stickleback; carp; freshwater sculpins) genera and common names) 97, 98 (estuarine species; flatfish; Osmeridae; l:xvii, 101-102 (numbers of species in lower river clupeids) system) 105 (Quamichan Lake fish kills) :160, 293-295, 297-302, 304-306 (as food of birds) 156 (Chemainus Bay survivorship) :233, 237 (sensitive delta foreshore areas as 80; 6: 81, 82 (pink salmon) conservation habitats) 80, 81; 6: 82 (sockeye salmon) :236 (map of such areas) 81, 82; 6: 82 (anadromous trout) :275-277 (species list for lower river system) 83 (peamouth chub; Dolly Varden) :320, 321, 323 (as food of mammals) 83, 84; 6: 83 (systematic fish sampling :326 (as food of snakes & turtles) methodolgy & results) :IB0:(395, 409, 424); 2:IB0:(280, 281, 292, 301) : 84-86 (herring) (sampling; data collection; analysis) :142 (effects of logging on habitat, various life :(407-429); 2:IB0:(29O-3O3); 3:IBO:(342-365); stages & food resources) 4:IB0:(291-296); 5:IB0:(257-260); 6:IB0: :143 (effect of logging on summer trout abundance) (268-270) (bibliography) :144 (fish kills -toxic substances, location & :(411, 412); 2:IB0:(293, 294, 298); 3:IB0: extent of species affected) (346, 355); 4:IB0:(293); 5:IB0:(258); 155 (re water supply control) 6: 83, 84(268) (marine species) IBO:(257) (Vancouver Island) :(411, 414); 2:IB0:(294, 295); 3:IB0:(346, 77 (exploitation of anadromous species) 347); 4:IB0:(293); 5:IB0:(258, 259); 6. 83 (resident freshwater species) Fishing, recreational (see also Cancer; Crabs; :(412, 416); 2:IB0:(294, 296); 3:I30:(346, 350, Fisheries and fishery resources; Salmo; Salmon; 356); 4:IB0:(293); 5:IB0:(258); 6:IB0: Trout; etc.) (268) (Canadian Pacific coastal varie 1:122 (for mountain whitefish in river tributaries) ties) :125 (assignment of dollar value, for salmon) :(415); 2:IBO:(295); 3:IB0:(348) (groundfish :189 (suggested development of access, parking life histories) facilities, etc. re use of sandbars & rivers) :(417) (lower Fraser River distribution & :IB0:(423); 2:IB0:(300); 3:IB0:(357, 359); 4:IB0: growth rates of; movement monitoring (295) (value to B.C.) techniques) 2: xi (Howe Sound) :(421); 2:IBO:(299) (species diversity & : 89 (important species) abundance with respect to populations) : 95 (methods) :(421); 3:IBO:(356) (anadromous species : 95-97 (catch, effort, distribution, value, introductions, ecology & production) species diversity (of catch) & abundance re :(480); 2:IB0:(334); 3:IB0:(392) (heavy metal tidal & freshwater sports fishery) content of some freshwater fishes) 3: 95, 96, 97 (increased interest, development of 2: 81 (larvae as food of other fish) tourism, suitability of Skeena River system, : 84 (estuarine usage & importance to) important species, effort involved, days : 85, 86, 88 (estuarine species — distribution & spent, residential status, citizenship, diversity) nature of employment, species sought, money : 87 (seasonal abundance of larvae & adults) spent, revenue generated & jobs available : 87 (food & dynamics of chinook, coho & chum re, upper regions of river) salmon; larval & adult herring, surf smelts : 97, 98 (effort involved, days spent, residential & starry flounder) status, important species, jobs available re, : 88 (peak abundance) method of fishing, fishing locations, money : 88 (groundfish) spent, revenue generated, in lower Skeena : 90, 91 (re migration duration & routes; spawning; Valley) age) : 98 (tidal sport fishing -locations, effort, : 91, 92 (freshwater distribution & factors. residential status, important species, affecting) economic value) : 93-97 (history, value, catches & abundancejof : 98(268, 273, 284) (total value) estuary fisheries & fishery resources) :IBO:(346) (information) : 98 (herbivorous food resources) :(354) (non-tidal) :145 (streamside vegetation removal re adult & :(360) (conflicting usage) egg mortality) 4:100-102(291) (freshwater & tidal sport fisheries) :163 (mercury concentrations in) :102 (primary tidal sport fishing grounds) :IBO:(296) (inner Squamish estuary usage) :210 (salmon -sport catch, fishing effort & success for tidal waters in statistical areas 17 & 18) 93. Fis Fli

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fishing, recreational (cont'd.) 1: 88 (Boundary Bay upper flats relatively devoid 4:IB0:(275, 291, 301, 305) (Chemainus) of Infauna) :(295) (economic; statistics) : 92 93 (benthic populations of lona Island) 5: 87(257, 260) (angling statistics & trends) : 97 (former oyster rearing on Boundary Bay & : 87, 88 (species harvested) Nicomekl River) : 87, 88, 132 (Nanaimo area locations) 98 (map indicating areas of deltaic) : 88 (methods, catch & effort distributions for 99 (possible shellfish resource development on Nanaimo watershed lakes) deltaic) : 89 (tidal sport fishery - locations, species 127- 128 (re Boundary Bay flora) harvested, fish size, fishing pressure & 134, 146, 147 (algae; macrophytes) catch sizes) 225 (temperature effects on infauna of shallow, :176 (salmon -sport catch, fishing effort & re food chain) success for tidal waters in Area 17, :IB0:(347) (value) Ladysmith-Nanaimo region) :(362) (Boundary Bay) 6: 87, 88 (fishing pressures; exploited species; :(367); 2:IB0:(256, 261); 3:IB0:(313) (sedi resident & non-resident angling effort) mentation) : 88 (days fished per year by Kitimat resident 171 (community alterations) sport fishermen; expenses & revenue) IBO :(326) (groundwater development) : 89 (tidal waters frequented by sport fishermen; 1 (shoals & sandbanks in usual delta position) effort trends; species exploited; harvest 1,3,4 (locations & extent of Base Sand, Parry methods; catch statistics) Point-Croosdaile Island, Mowitch Point- :199 (catch statistics, fishing effort & success Caspacg, Flora, Davies, Port Essington, for Kitimat-Butedale region) Tyee, Has'Jberry, Carnation & Robertson Banks] :IBO:(269) (importance) (re tidal bank formation) (depths of channels within sandbank confines) Fissurina luoida (accretion mechanisms) 1:259 (in species list) (alterations & effects on; extent of; vegetal covering; sediment composition) Five Finger Island (channel depths; types; drainage areas; 5:xxviii (sewage disposal site) distribution; water stratification) : 39 (re estuarine boundaries) 6: 94, 95 (location; biota; substrates; tidal : 41, 42(247, 248, 255, 266, 283, 285) (pre & regimes; zonation) post-operational environmental monitoring programs) Flatworms (see Turbellaria) : 63 (current patterns; effluent dispersal) :137 (sewage outfall capacity; treatment status) Fleabane :138 (species inhabiting effluent diffuser area; Canada (see Erigeron philadephious) observational procedure) compound [see Erigeron canadensis) :138(240, 280) (environmental conditions) (see Erigeron oompositus) :IBO:(240, 280) (outfall design) :(280) (oceanography) Fleas water (see Cladocera) Five-point Mitrewort [see Mitella pentandra) Flemer, D.A. Fjarlie, L.R.I. 4:IB0:(283) (role of organic debris & associated 1: 70(383) (aerial photography in tracing Fraser micro-organisms in pelagic estuarine River plume) food chains) :IBO:(383, 389, 476) (the Vancouver sewage problem) Fletcher, H.F. Flabellifera [see Exosphaeroma oregonensis) 1:IB0:(360) (phosphorus estimation, fixation & release in lower Fraser River valley Flag soils) yel1ow (see Iris pseudacorus) Fletcher, K. Flag Rockfish [see Sebastes rubrivinctus) 1:IBO:(360) (cation distribution in Fraser River flats) Flamingos [see Phoenicopteridae) :(480); 2:IBO:(334) (heavy-metal content of some B.C. freshwater fishes) Flannery, R.D. 1:IB0:(365) (soil survey of Whatcom County, Fletcher, R.H. Washington) 6:154(282) (powers of Kitimat Municipal Act) :155(282) (re ambient air quality monitoring Flathead Clingfish (see Gobiesox masandricus) program) :163(282) (dispersion of Eurocan pulp mill Flathead Sole (see Hippoglossoides elassodon) emission)

Flats, mud (see Mudflats) Fleurotus (oyster mushroom) 1:278 [f. sp. (in species list)) Flats, tidal (see also Mudflats) l:xvi (typical of estuary ecosystem) Flicker : 14-26 (estuarial areas of; sedimentation in; boreal [see Colaptes auratus borealis) mineralogy; etc.) common (see Colaptes auratus) 94. Fli Flu

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Flies [see Diptera) 3:113, 114, 115, 116 (floodplain vegetation; black [§ee_ Simulidae) successional forest; transition zone blow (see Calliphoridae) community; headland vegetation types; bog caddis [see Trichoptera) communities; exposed & sheltered beach crane (see Tipulidae) vegetation; montane vegetation) damsel or dragon [see Odonata) :IB0; (365) (Alaskan varieties) danse (see Empididae) 4:105 (freshwater vascular plants — abundance* flower (see Syrphidae) locations, habitats, productivity & species horse (see Tabanidae) diversity) may (see Ephemeroptera) 105- 107 (marine phytoplankton, marcrophytes, sand (see Psychodidae) fungi & eelgrass) saw (see Tenthredinidae) 108- 111; 5: 93-98 (deltaic vegetation) stone (see Plecoptera) 113 (tree growth) 114 (status & distribution within Cowichan- Flint, R.F. Chemainus region) 4:IBO:(268) (glacial & Pleistocene geology) :IB0:(267); 5:IB0:(225) (Vancouver Island Cretaceous species) Flora [see also Bogs; Communities; Diatoms; Marshes; 93 (species & habitat surrounding estuary) Plants, aquatic; Phytoplankton; Vegetation, 94 (woodland & sedge communities) terrestrial; also generic and common names) 95 (estuarine distribution) 1:127-128 (nature of sedimentary deposits re) 96 (intertidal community; zones) :129-150 (of delta & estuary) 96, 97, 98 (eelgrass) :130 (map of major types in area) IBO: (264) (lignicolous deuteromycetes marine :278-289 (species list of terrestrial) fungal growth; cellulolytic activity; :290-291 (species list of diatoms) locations) :291-292 (species list of benthic macrophytes & 92 96 (deltaic community characteristics) algae) 94, 95 (salt marsh community) :IBO:(430-438); 2:IB0:(304-310); 3:IB0:(365-369); IBO (271) (Pacific northwest) 4:IB0:(297-300); 5:IB0:(261-266); 6:IB0: (271-272) (bibliography) Flora Bank :(431, 432); 2:IB0:(305, 306); 4:IB0:(297) 3:xiii (development potential) (of southern B.C.) :xiv, xxiii (ecological importance) :(433); 2:IB0:(306) (vascular Compositae, :xxiv, 106, 177 (eelgrass production) Ericaceae, Campanulaceae, Saxifragaceae, : 6, 106, 177 (habitat maintenance mandatory for Salicacoe, Cryptograms, gymnosperms & continuance of regional fisheries) monocotyledons) : 69 (invertebrate diversity & species abundance) 2: 98 (function of) :106, 177 (port development proposal for; : 98 (distributional factors) implications of; importance to estuarine : 99, 100 (phytoplankton) ecosystem & food webs) :104 (primary production distribution among :107 (eelgrass distribution) deltaic vegetation) :178 (environmental changes; biological ramifica :104 (sedge & spike-rush habitats) tions of proposed causeway construction) :104, 105, 106, 107 (some major delta vegetation :182 (developmental disadvantages; environmental zones) sensitivity) :106 (true grasses; flowering plants; intertidally associated plants; arrow grass; cat-tail) Florometra serratissima :107 (location & factors affecting delta zone 2:194 (in species list) plant growth; location & precipitation re forest regions, zones & subzones) Flounder :108 (zonal & subzonal indicator species of arrowtooth [see_ Atheresthes stomias) Pacific coastal mesothermal forest region) starry [see Platiohthys stellatus] :145 (streamside vegetation removal) :172 (distribution) Flow (see Hydraulic models; Hydrology; Runoff; :182-183; 3:189-190; 4:167-169; 5:160-161; 6:175- Sediments) 176 (ongoing research) :205-209; 3:219-235; 4:211-215; 5:179-184; 6:200- Flowering Quillwort (see Lilaea soilloides) 211 (species list) :224-242; 3:275-292; 4:247-260; 5:209-222; 6:237- Flowering or Western Dogwood (see Cornus nuttallii) 251 (glossary) :IB0:(309) (re Saanich Peninsula) Floyd, P.D. 3:101; 4:104 (floral community types; status of 4:IB0:(307) (southeastern Vancouver Island human knowledge re; functional role in regional geography) ecosystem) :101, 102; 4:104 (freshwater phytoplankton) Fluorides [see also Aluminum Company of Canada :102-106 (benthic algae) Limited) :106-108; 4:104-107; 5: 91-93; 6: 91, 92 (aquatic 1:250 (atmospheric pollution from metallurgical vegetation) plants) :108-116; 4:111-114; 5: 98-101; 6: 96, 98-102 :255-257 (routine determination localities in (terrestrial vegetation) river basin waters for, re water quality) :111 (vegetation zone of potential bulk-loading :IB0:(482); 2:IBO:(336) (information) sites) 6:160(280, 281, 286) (re vegetation damage; :112 (references; coastal forest community) forest growth; investigative techniques & assessments) 95. Flu Foo SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fluorides (cont'd.) Fames (bracket fungi) 6:161, 166(283) (environmental levels) 1:278 [f. sp. (in species list)) :162, 166(284) (levels in soils &selected plant species in Alcan smelter vicinity) Fontinalis antipyreotioa (water moss) :IB0 (263, 283) (coastal aquatic concentrations) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) (283) (re estuarine organisms) (285, 286) (air pollution) Fontinalis kinbergii 3:224 (in species list) Flycatcher alder [see Empidonax traillii alnorum) Food and Feeding Habits of Amphibians dusky [see Empidonax oberholseri) 1:324-325 (table of, by species on estuary) gray [see Empidonax wrightii) Hammond's [see Empidonax hammondii) Food and Feeding Habits of Birds [see also Birds, least [see Empidonax minimus) raptorial; names of birds) olive-sided [see Nuttallornis borealis) 91 (scoters & dunlin feeding on invertebrates) Traill's or [see Empidonax traillii) 153; 2:104 (waterfowl) willow 160 (diving ducks) western [see Empidonax difficilis) 161 (table of, for dabbling ducks) yellow-bellied [see Empidonax flaviventris) 163 (mergansers) 164 (shorebirds) Flynn, L.L. 166 (great blue heron) 3:IB0:(312) (oceanographic studies; marine & 167, 168, 171 (raptorial birds) terrestrial geology of Skeena River 168 (game birds) delta & estuary & Chatham Sound) 293-317 (table of, for individual bird species)

Flyway, Pacific (see also Birds, migratory) Food and Feeding Habits of Fishes (see also 1:152 (map of) Predation; names of fishes) :180 (estuary an important link) :105-106 (estuarial chinook salmon) :108 (upstream migratory sockeye salmon) FMC Chemicals Limited :109 (eulachon) 2:IB0:(331) (waste treatment modifications at 110 (longfin smelt in fresh water) Squamish, B.C.; unpublished report) :110 (estuarial cutthroat trout) :113 (white sturgeon) Foam Flower (see Tiarella trifoliata) :114 (mountain whitefish) :115 (blackbelly eelpout) Foerster, R.E. :115, 116 (spiny dogfish) 1:107, 108(414, 415) (various reports on Fraser :116 (sculpins, Dolly Varden & longnose sucker River sockeye salmon spawning & in Boundary Bay) migrations) 2:172 (alteration of) :119(415) (sockeye fishery & industry including canning) Food and Feeding Habits of Mammals (see also :IB0:(412); 2:IB0:(294) (salmon migration in B.C. Predation; names of mammals) waters) 1:319-323 (table of, by mammalian species on :(414) (temperature, pH & oxygen re adult estuary) sockeye migration) :(415) (B.C. Pacific salmon migration) Food and Feeding Habits of Reptiles :(415); 2:IB0:(295) (sockeye sex ratios) 1:326 (table of, in species list) 3: 80(348) (spawning season; emergence; subsequent migration) Food Chains (see also Carnivores; Herbivores; :IB0:(346) (B.C. Pacific salmon migration) Primary consumers; Primary producers; etc.) 4: 98(293) (pilchards; American shad) 1:106 (importance of young chinook salmon to) :IBO:(293) (Cowichan Bay salmon mortality) :109 (importance of eulachon to) 5:IB0:(251) (hydromedusae of the Vancouver Island :110 (importance of longfin smelt to) region) :117 (importance of herring in Boundary Bay) :211-224 (of lower Fraser River & delta area, Fofonoff, N.P. with diagrams of types of cycles) 3:IB0:(323) (stilling well design using analogue 219-221 (general discussion & definition of links) computer technique) 224 (effects of development on, of lower river) (325) (machine computations of mass transport 225-226 (effects of temperature) in the north Pacific Ocean) 226-227 (effects of salinity) (325) (Canadian northeast Pacific Ocean 227-229 (re dissolved oxygen) oceanographic research) 229-230 (effect of other aquatic factors) 230-232 (re sediments & their relative Fog [see also Climatology) stabilities) 1: 43-44 (seasonal pattern; type) :IB0:(391-395) (bibliography including) :244 (annual, June & October days of, at Airport, :(394); 2:IB0:(279); 5:IB0:(253) (food 1937-1974) availability at various trophic :IB0:(371) (incidence of) levels) 3: 23 (visibility; season of occurrence; annual :128 (relative terminology) July & August days of, at Prince Rupert :129 (mechanics & trophic relationships of) Marine Station & Airport) :173 (west delta importance) :IB0:(304) (food-web components) Folliculina expansa (protozoa) 4:189 (in species list) 96. Foo For

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Food Chains (cont'd.) Foreman, R.E. 3:166 (re oil pollution) 1:147, 148(434); 5:IB0:(263) (Fraser River delta 4:160 (descriptions) macrophytes) :160 (research required) 4:106(297); 5:IB0:(262) (macrophytic algae research :IBO:(283) (micro-organisms & organic debris re) in Strait of Georgia) 5: 69(253) (trophic relationships within Nanaimo :IBO:(286) (green urchin [Strongylocentrotus estuary) droebaohiensis) distribution & : 72 (re zooplankton significance to fish) abundance in Strait of Georgia) 93(262) (macrophytic algae of Nanaimo estuary) Food Processing Industries Effluents 95(262) (estuarine flora) 1:181(474, 475); 3:IBO:(387, 388) (development re 96(262) (intertidal zones) agriculture enterprises) 96(262) (biomass of estuarine macrophytes) 201, 212, 330, 331, 332; 3:149-153 (from fish & :104(267) (food preferences of American widgeon) shellfish) :179(262) (intertidal algal species list) 201, 212, 332, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338 (from :IBO:(262) (new B.C. marine algal records) fruit, vegetables & milk) 251; 2:IB0:(329) (contributing to air pollution) Fore-slope Off Estuary 1: 26-29 (sediment deposition sources; rate; Footit, R.G. angle of) 1:304, 318(441) (Franklin's gull in Fraser River delta) Forest Soil Committee of the Douglas-fir Region 2:IB0:(312) (Franklin's gull in B.C.) 1:IB0:(432) (introduction to soils in Pacific northwest region) Forage [see also Agriculture; Animal (farm) production; Farming; Food and feeding habits) Forestry Products Industry (see also Booming grounds; 1:135 (types of crops) Logs; Pulp and Paper Industry) 1:195-196 (log towing & handling; log booming Foraminiferida grounds; piledriving; sawmills; mainly 1: 80, 81 (variation in amount, in Strait of on river North Arm) Georgia to Fraser River delta) :201, 329-330, 332-338 (applications to discharge :258; 4:189; 5:166; 6;188 (in species list) effluents from) :IB0:(399) (Juan de Fuca Strait & Strait of :212-213 (types of waste products from) Georgia distributions) :213 (deadheads as navigation hazard) 3:IB0:(306) (of Hecate Strait, Queen Charlotte :251(372); 2:IB0:(329) (contributing to air Sound & Vancouver Island shelf pollution) regions) :IBO:(373) (hydrological considerations) :(313); 6:IB0:(257, 258) (re glaciation) :(455); 2:IBO:(321); 3:IBO:(380); 4:IBO:(306); :(337) (of Dixon Entrance) 5:IB0:(271) (land capability classi 4: 71 (consumed by trout) fication) : 76 (Stuart Channel abundance & habitat) 2:132 (railway construction re development of) :IB0:(270); 5:IB0:(229) (Vancouver Island Upper :144 (extent, accessibility & nature of forest Cretaceous zones) resource) 6: 71 (Kitimat Arm habitats) :144 (company timber holdings) :145 (streamside vegetation removal consequences) Forb Areas :149, 150 (wood composition; density; decomposi 1:129-131 (grass & forb community of delta & tion processes; products; toxicity) estuary) :166 (effects of particulate sulphur & organic :130 (map of major, in delta & estuary) acid emissions) :135 (of dykes & jetties) :167; 5:IBO:(273) (logging, sawmilling & pulp 3:114 (in Skeena estuary) pollutants) :168 (emission statistics for Squamish area Forbes, R.D. forest industry) 127, 142, 145, 181(430, 460) (floral surveys of :IB0:(266); 3:IB0:(319) (harvesting) Fraser River delta) :(325, 383) (landscape description & 129(431) (shrubs & grasses of delta) inventories) 138, 140, 146(431) (marine algae of delta tidal :(330) (B.C. water quality protection flats) guidelines) 153(443) (flora of delta intertidal flats) :(332) (pollution control bibliography) 93(262) (deltaic vegetation of Nanaimo River 3:164 (effluent composition; toxicity & products estuary) of sawmill operations) 94(262) (understory shrub vegetation.) :164 (effects of) 95(262) (diagrammatic representation, of :164; 3:251-252; 4:138 (location) estuarine flora) :251-252 (discharger's identification numbers; 96(262) (macrophyte community dynamics) amounts; effluent quality; comments with 180(262) (sedge community species list) respect to river & estuarine pollution 181(262) (grass & forb community species sources) list) :IB0:(321) (wood sedimentation components & pro 183(262) (woodland community species list) perties) :(374) (wildlife implications) Forcipulata (see Evasterias; Orthasterias; Pisaster; 4:xiv, 8, 9 (historical importance) Pycnopodia; Stylasterias) 97. For Fox

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Forestry Products Industry (cont'd.) Forrester, CR. 4: xv, 153(278) (environmental quality; resource 1:115(412) (dogfish feeding habits in Fraser River use conflicts) mouth) :xxiv, 153 (effects of logging on Cowichan- :IB0:(415) (reveiw of Strait of Georgia trawl Chemainus watershed) fishery) :xxv, 8, 10 (historical production) :(415); 2:IB0:(295); 3:IB0:(348) (B.C. use of : 5 (effects of land reclamation) fish for animal food) : 11 (during the depression years) :(415); 2:IB0:(295); 3:IB0:(348) (life history : 11, 12 (expansion in Cowichan-Chemainus region) of some groundfishes) : 11, 154 (Chemainus operations) :(415); 2:IBO:(295); 3:IBO:(348) (grey cod :138 (employment; associated manufacturers; tagging in Strait of Georgia) effects on Cowichan estuary development) :(415); 3:IB0:(348) (Strait of Georgia trawl :153, 154; 5:IBO:(279) (effects on regional fish fishery & investigation) production) :(419) (B.C. sablefish industry) :155 (marine log dumping - sites, environmental 2: 88(295) (groundfish in Howe Sound) ramifications & favoured alternatives) :IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346) (feeding habits of dogfish :156 (Chemainus Bay —operations; habitat degrada [Squalus suckleyi)) tion; water quality; biotic effects) 3: 86(349) (rock sole [Lepidopsetta bilineata) :235-237 (water pollution within region) production) :IB0:(269) (fertilized soil characteristics) : 91(348, 349) (history of Butterworth-Warrior :(305) (history) Rocks trawl fishery) :(306); 5:IBO:(272) (resource management) : 91(349) (groundfish catch) :(313) (pollution control objectives) :IB0:(348) (whole fish for mink food) 5: 16, 17 (forest communities with respect to soil :(348) (length & age composition of western types & logged areas) Canadian rock sole [Lepidopsetta : 68 (Nanaimo River stream biota - distribution, bilineata)) abundance & species diversity) :(348) (Canadian & American trawl production) : 68(253, 259) (effects of logging) :(348) (B.C. inventory of groundfish market :119, 120 (resource utilization; logging sites; samples) ownership; employment) :(353) (population dynamics of western :120 (control agencies; jurisdiction) Canadian petrale sole [Eopsetta :120 (species logged; quality; production; jordani)) remaining stock) :120, 121 (lumber mills - locations; supply sites, Forrester E A M. production, market & log introduction methods) 1:IB0:(347) (lower Fraser River flood plain study) :141, 143 (effect of logging on erosion, stream 4:IBO:(307) (central Vancouver Island urban flow & morphology; fish production, abundance, development) size & timing of emergence; invertebrate productivity; sedimentation; deltaic Forward, CN. accreation; eelgrass; stream temperature) 1: 4(460) (map of Fraser River delta study area) :IBO:(280) (environmental impact of sodium :193, 197(460) (survey of waterfront land use in chloride from hog-fired power boilers) Greater Vancouver) 6: 5, 6, 151(253) (regional history) : 38 (re runoff problems) Foskett, D.R. : 77 (re fish production) 3: 66(337) (diet of Skeena River salmon fry) :126, 127 (property holdings; extent of) : 84(349) (freshwater species in lakes of the :127 (controlling authorities) Skeena system) :127, 128, 151 (regional logging) :112(366) (shoreline vegetation) :128 (re foreshore leases) :123(372) (mammalian wildlife of Skeena River :151 (logging practices, trends, policies & basin) status) :IBO:(298, 317) (lakes of the Skeena River :164, 165 (merits & disadvantages of slash drainage) burning operations) 5:IBO:(258) (young salmon in Nanaimo area) :167(256, 276) (Kitimat Valley re logging activities) Foster, A.T. :IB0:(271, 284) (information) 6:IBO:(282) (western hemlock & ambilis fir decay in Kitimat region) Forest Service 1:IB0:(432) (list of reports & publications) Foundation of Canada Engineering Corporation 1:IB0:(372) (hydrology in Fraser River Main Arm re Forget-me-not (see Myosotis laxa) Deas Island Tunnel) Fork-tailed Storm Petrel [see Oceanodrama furcata) Fowl Mannagrass [see Glyceria striata)

Formicidae (ants) Fox 1: 91 (role in Shady Island ecosystem) red [see Vulpes fulva casoadensis) 2: 71 (as food of salmon fry) 3: 64 (found occasionally in Lakelse Lake) Foxtail 4: 71 (consumed by trout) meadow (see Alopecurus geniculates) :187 (in species list) short-awn (see Alopecurus aequalis) 98. Fra Fra

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fragaria chiloensis (strawberry) Fraser River Estuary and Delta (see also preceeding 3:114 (salt resistance; habitat) heading & index headings for localities, topics, :229; 4:213 (in species list) and authorships pertaining to the following subjects; also Delta; Islands; Estuary) Fragilaria (diatoms) l:frontispiece (satellite colour photo of) 2:205, 206 (in species list) i-viii (table of contents of Report) 3:102 (peak abundance) ix-xiii (preface) :xiv-xx (summary of Report) Fragilaria oonstruens (diatom) 1-6 (introduction) 3:221 (in species list) 2 (area & extent) 3 (map of, re entire river drainage system) Fragilaria crotonensis (diatom) 4 (map of estuary & delta study area) 1:290; 3:221 (in species list) 7-9 (sources of information) 4:104 [F. crotonensis found in Cowichan Lake) 10, 29; 2:IB0:(257) (geology) 11 (geological map of delta & adjacent areas) Fragilaria straitula (diatom) 30-48(371) (climatology) 1:290 (in species list) 49-62 (hydrology) 49-62(376, 377, 405, 429, 430) (re water quality) Fragile Fern [see Cystopteris fragilis) 63-79 (oceanography) 80-100 (invertebrate biology) Franseria chconissonis (silver bur sage) 101-125 (fish) 3:229 (in species list) :126(480) (bacteria) :127-150 (flora) Franson, M.A. 151-198 (land use) 1:IB0:(476) (Greater Vancouver environmental :199-218(474, 475) (waste disposal & pollution quality) problems) :219-232 (food chains) Franson, R.T. :233-237 (conclusions) 1:IB0:(460) (legal & institutional structure for :238-341) (appendices (listed on pages vii-viii)) planning in Fraser River Valley) :IB0:(342-488) (bibliographies by topics listed on page 343) Fraser, CM. (C McL.) (345, 354, 438) (ecological perspectives) 1:IBO:(383); 2:IBO:(271) (density & temperature (346) (environment, ecology & land use) variations in B.C. coastal waters) (346, 374, 417) (re dam construction) :(449); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (report of (347) (usage; flood plains) sea lion investigation) (347, 410, 466) (history) 5: 40(240) (salinity & temperature measurements (348, 417, 461, 468) (conservation efforts) re specific gravity variation in (349, 439, 441, 446, 453); 2:113 (waterfowl surface waters) census, management & importance) : 84(258) (herring abundance) :(349, 453, 466) (habitat status) :IB0:(240, 252) (some effects of severe weather (351) (port perspectives; marsh) on marine organisms of Departure Bay) (352, 455) (development) :(251) (parasitic copepods) (353, 376) (hydrology) :(252) (marine faunal comparison -Nanaimo (355) (marine clays; associated phenomena) region & San Juan archipelago) (356) (Wisconsin marine drift) (358) (bench marks; references) Fraser, F.J. (359) (soil structure) 1:104(405) (migration patterns of Fraser River (359, 458) (dredging) chum salmon) (360) (dyke foundations; cementation 2:IB0:(295) (report on chum salmon stocks of processes) Johnstone Strait) (361) (mottles) (362, 363, 364, 367) (sedimentation; Fraser Glaciation sandstones; deltaic age; stratification; 4: 19 (classification of glacial events) Atterberg limits) 21 (location of surficial deposits) (363, 375) (alluvium) 22 (postglacial sea levels) (364) (slump deposits) (365) (organo-clay complexes; organic soil Fraser River Board characteristics; harbour development 1:IBO:(373) (reports on Fraser River basin study) flood control & hydro-electric (366) (shell heaps) power) (367) (saline irrigation processes) (368) (foreslope hills; acid soils) Fraser River Estuary Arms and Channels (see also (368, 375) (sediment budget) Fraser River system; also Annacis Channel; (369) (re boron treated soils; petroleum Annieville Channel; Cannery Channel; Canoe Pass; prospects) Ladner Reach; Middle Arm; Morey Channel; North :(371) (storm frequency & severity; climatic Arm; Sea Reach; South Arm; Steveston Channel; variations; data inventory) also Dredging; Dykes; Flats, tidal; Runoff; Salt :(372, 373, 374, 469) (flood control) wedge; Sediments; also similar cognate headings) :(372, 375) (suspended particle load; water 1: 4, 11 (maps showing) movements) : 18-21 (geographical description; percent of :(373) (flow regime; deltaic sedimentation; total river flow in various; sediment estuarine discharge) loads; extent of upstream tidal influence) :(374) (water management; biological effects re salt water intrusion) 99. Fra Fru

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fraser River Estuary and Delta (cont'd.) 1: 60-62 (hydraulic model studies) 1:IB0:(375 (dyking) :146 (up-river vegetation) :(378 (carbon dioxide levels; coliform count :255-257 (water quality & streamflow monitoring simulations) stations & quality parameters measured) :(378 (pollution control policies) :IBO:(372-381) (bibliographies including above :(381 (estuarine salinity, temperature, subjects) tidal effects) :(383 386, 389) (estuary project) Frateroula oorniculata (horned puffin) :(384 433) (effects on Strait of Georgia 1:IB0:(451); 3:IB0:(378) (B.C. status & sightings) physical & biological parameters) 3:236 (in species list) :(385 386) (data record; plume dynamics) :(391 (physical & chemical oceanography) Frederick, B. :(392 393, 422, 435, 450) (biology - general 4:IBO:(292) (Chemainus River stream survey) information; problems) :(393 (intertidal benthos) Freeman, N.L. :(403 (organic contamination) 1:IB0:(410) (Pacific Coast halibut landings from :(409 (spawning beds) 1880 to 1950 & catches according to :(412 (power versus fish) area of origin) :(420 (economics re salmon fishery maintenance) Freemanis litoricola (polyclad worm) :(423 (fish protection & power development) 5:166 (in species list) :(431 443, 460) (floral description) :(437 (phytoplankton growth study) French, B. :(439 446, 465) (recreational surveys & 1:IB0:(476) (physical properties & suitability of proposals) Fraser Valley soils for septic tank :(455 (flood control & hydroelectric power) drainfields) :(456 462) (agriculture) :(459 (Public works projects) Friesen, B.F.J. :(460 (planning institutions) 1:IBO:(460) (opportunities & costs of preserving :(466 (future crossings) recreation sites along lower Fraser :(467 468); 2:IB0:(325); 3:IB0:(383) River) (navigability) :(468 (resource usage; trifurcation) Fringecup (see Tellima grandifolia) :(471 (socio-economic survey; rural population) Fringillidae (sparrows, etc.) :(473 2:IB0:(336) (industrial wastes 2:216 (unidentified (in species list)) survey) :(475 (soils re septic tank drainfields) Fritillaria camschatoensis (chocolate lily or rice :(477 (sewage data; sewage effluent pumping root) station installation) 3:113 (foreshore coastal forest transition zone :(484 486, 487) (maps) coastal vegetation) (498 518) (author index) :114 (grass-forb meadow components; salt 2:113 (importance to waterfowl) resistance; habitat) :IB0:(249, 253, 257, 263, 266, 272, 278, 285, 296, :115 (upper beach flora) 306, 315, 324, 332) 3:IB0:(299, 309, :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) 316, 318, 327, 333, 338, 351, 367, 382, :229; 5:206 (in species list) 390); 4:IB0:(264, 274, 298, 303); 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) 5:IB0:(234, 273) (status of environmental knowledge) Frog 3:IBO:(316) (climatic fluctuations) green (see Rang alamitans) 5: 50 (effects on Nanaimo River estuary) northern wood [see Rang sylvatioa) :IBO:(263) (benthic macrophytic biomass) red-legged [see Rana aurora aurora) unspecified [see Rana Sp.) Fraser River Joint Advisory Board western spotted (see Rana pretiosa pretiosa) 1:IBO:(373) (information guide re Fraser River flood control program) Frost 1:244 (annual days with, at Airport, 1937-1945] Fraser River Joint Program Committee 5:IBO:(234) (free season; data) 1:IB0:(360) (foundation assessment studies along Fraser River dykes) Froud, G.C 1:IB0:(483) (quantitative assay of Kraft mill Fraser River Plume (in Strait of Georgia) (see effluents which effect fish Plume) respiration)

Fraser River System (see also Fraser River Estuary Fruit and Delta; Plume) 183 (acreages used for tree & small 1: 2, 49 (drainage area; annual discharge at 300, 308-314 (as food of birds) Hope) 319-323 (as food of mammals) : 3 (map of) : 49-53, 252, 253 (hydrology of streamflow) Frullania nisquallensis 3:224 (in species list) Fuc 100. Fyl

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fucua distiohus (seaweed) 1:IB0:(424); 2:IB0:(281, 292, 301) (biological 1:291; 3:221; 5:179 (in species list) data of larval & juvenile fish 3:xxiv (habitat; pollution tolerance) caught with a 2-boat surface trawl in Strait of Georgia) Fucus diatichua evaneaoena (brown alga) 5: 42, 92 (238, 240, 261, 262) (Departure Bay 5:179 (in species list) productivity studies)

Fucua gardneri (rock weed) Fulton, R.J. 3:105 (location of) 1:IB0:(360); 5:IB0:(227) (radiocarbon geochronology :221; 4:211 (in species list) of southern British Columbia) 4: 19 (268) (radiocarbon dating of the Quaternary Fucub "sp. (seaweed, unspecified) history of southern British Columbia) 1:147 (in lona Island sewage treatment plant 5:IB0:(227) (British Columbia land form classifi channel outfall) cation) 2:148, 155 (in shallow water of booming grounds; Woodfibre) Fumariaceae (bleeding heart family) (see also 3:103 (location & condition of Ridley Island Corydalia) species) 6:204 (in species list) 103 (of Kitson Island) 103; 6: 92, 95 (abundance) Funaria hygrometrica (moss) 157; 6: 92, 95 (habitats of) 1:279 (in species list) 4:108 (Chemainus mudflat distributions) 5: 96 (distribution of Fucus-Salioornia Fungi, marine associations) 1:148 (wood-boring, 5 Imperfecti species & 10 6: 71, 95 (community distribution) Ascomycetes, in river estuary) : 92, 95 (intertidal distribution; significance) :148(431) (chytridiaceous) : 95 (dominance; suitable substrates) :278 (species list) :IB0:(431) (monocentric chytrids; habitats) Fuel Consumption as Atmosphere Pollution Source :(431) (lignicolous species distribution & 1:246 (general) occurrence) :247 (from domestic fuel &automotive exhaust 4:107 (wood-boring ascomycetes & Fungi Imperfecti) emissions) :249 (from aircraft exhaust emissions) Fungi, terrestrial 1:278 (species list) Fujii, K. :322 (mushrooms as food of squirrel) 1:150(437) (simulation study of phytoplankton & growth in Fraser River estuary) Fungus (see also Dacrymyoes; Fleurotus; Lyooperdon; Psilocybe; also Fungi, marine) Fujinaga, M. bird's nest (see Nidula) 1:IB0:(453) (distribution & food habits of north bracket (see Fomes) Pacific Ocean fur seals) Funk, J.L. Fulica americana (American coot) 5:147(280); 6:153(282) (effects of stream 1:301 (habitat; food; etc.) channelization) :327 (aerial census, of delta areas, 1966-1974) 2:212; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) Furry Creek 2:177 (re deep-sea port) Fulton, B. 4:IB0:(268) (Cowichan Valley geology) Fusitriton oregonensis (gastropod) 2:189 (in species list) Fulton, J.D. 1: 95(395, 424) (number, size, composition &food Fusitriton sp. (gastropod, unspecified) of larval & juvenile herring in 3:203 (in species list) Strait of Georgia) :IB0:(381, 383); 2:IB0:(270, 271, 272); 5:IB0: Fyfe, R. (240) (physical, chemical &biological 1:IB0:(476) (organochlorine pesticide residues in data record for Strait of Georgia) migratory birds wintering on Fraser :(394); 2:IBO:(280, 290) (biological River delta) oceanography summary-Strait of Georgia) :(400); 2:IBO:(285) (some aspects of Calanus Fyles, J.G. plumohrus in Strait of Georgia) 1: 15, 16(364) (geological & glacialogical (400); 2:IB0:(285); 3:IB0:(337); 5:IB0:(252) evolution of Fraser River delta) (keys & references to B.C. marine 2:IB0:(259); 4: 21(270); 5:IB0:(229) (postglacial Copepoda) crustal movement in southwestern :(400); 2:IB0:(285); 3:IB0:(357); 5:IB0:(245, British Columbia & in Washington State) 252, 254, 265) (laboratory manual for 4: 19(268) (radiocarbon dating of the Quarternary identifying B.C. marine zooplankton) history of southern B.C.) :(401); 2:IBO:(286) (guide to northeast 19(268) (re Cowichan Ice Tongue) Pacific Ocean zooplankton) 19(268) (Vashon drift geological history) :(403); 2:IB0:(288) (dependence of zooplankton 22(270) (re sea level changes) grazing on cell size & concentration of phytoplankton blooms) 101. Fyl Gar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Fyles, J.G. (cont'd.) Galium triflorum (madder; small or sweet bedstraw) 4:IBO:(268) (surficial geology of Home Lake & 3:113 (successional forest component) Parksville map-areas, Vancouver :114 (headland flora) Island, B.C.) :229 (in species list) 5:IBO:(227) (surficial geology of Courtenay, Comox, Nelson, Nanaimo, Newcastle, Oyster Gallacher, D.T. River & Sayward Districts) 5:118(273) (industrial history of Nanaimo area) :160(273) (re Vancouver Island industry) Fyles, J.T. 4: 18(268) (re glacial movements) Gallinaceous Birds 1:IB0:(439); 2:IB0:(311) (life histories) 2:IB0:(319) (Squamish habitat)

Galtsoff, P.S. 1:IBO:(393) (bibliography of oysters & other marine organisms associated with oyster bottoms & estuarine ecology)

Galveston Bay 2:IB0:(246) (crisis situation) Gaboury, J.A.M. 6:178 (re metric conversion factors & tables) Game Birds (see also Birds; Hunting; Sanctuary; Waterfowl; also other types and species) Gabriel son, I.N. 1:183 (acreage used for farm rearing of) 3:IBO:(372).(Alaskan birds) Gammaridae (see Anisogammarus; Atylus; Corophium) Gabriola Island 5:IBO:(265) (intertidal marine algae) Gammarus (amphipods) :(279) (shellfish growing) 1: 96 (larval species on Sturgeon Bank) :268; 3:207 [G. sp. (in species list)) Gadus macrooephalua (Pacific or grey cod) 6: 73, 74 (species associations; dominance; 1:275; 2:201; 3:216; 4:207; 6:195 (in species list) habitat; size & possible significance of :IB0:(415); 2:IB0:(295); 3:IB0:(348) (Strait of G. setosus to fish) Georgia tagging) :191 [G. setosus (in species list)) :(418); 2:IBO:(297) (fishery trends) 2: 85 (of estuary & Mamquam Channel) Garbage [see Refuse disposal; Waste disposal) 3:xxiii (inhabits Skeena region) : 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior Rocks trawl Gardner, A.G. fishery) 1:IBO:(460) (linear programming model for lower : 91 (yield) B.C. mainland resource allocation) :IBO:(352) (ecology) :(352) (length) Gardner, E.H. :(353) (catch statistics) 1: 14(363) (mineralogy & chemistry of lower Fraser :(362) (tagging; fecundity) Valley alluvial sediments) 84 (estuarine abundance & harvest) 85 (commerical exploitation) Gardner, H.S. 89 (with respect to tidal sport fishery) 6:163(286) (air pollution potential with respect to Eurocan pulp mill) Gadwall (see Anas strepera) Gardner, J.W. Gage, J. 1:IBO:(432) (quality & growth of several B.C. 1:226(393) (benthic species diversity increases native sedge species) from head to mouth of a marine estuary) Gardner, R.H. Gaidius (calanoids) 6:IBO:(255) (bibliography of Canadian Pacific 1:172; 6:190 [G. pungens (in species list)) marine geoscience information)

Gale, sweet [see Myrioa gale) Gargett, A.E. 1:IB0:(347); 3:IB0:(298) (proceedings of an Galeopsis tetrahit (hemp nettle) estuarine workshop at Pacific 1:283 (in species list) Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C.) :(383) (interaction of surface & internal Galeopsis zyopterus (soupfin shark) waves) 1:275; 3:216 (in species list) 2:IB0:(248) (proceedings of estuaries workshop at Institute of Oceanography, University Galium oymosum (bedstraw) of British Columbia) 6:209 (in species list) Gari califomica Galium sp. (bedstraw, unspecified) 2:191 (in species list) 1:283 (in species list) Garman, E.H. Galium trifidum (bedstraw) 1:IB0:(432) (guides to B.C. trees & shrubs) 1:283; 3:229; 4:213 (in species list) 3:114 (grass-forb meadow community component) 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) 102. Gar Gee

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Garret, CL. Gattyana (polychaete) 6:136(283) (polychlorinated biphenyl levels found 4:191 [G. cirrosa; G. iphionelloides (in species in some B.C. invertebrates) list))

Garrison, R.E. Gaudryina 1: 20(360) (texture of Fraser River delta calcitic 1:258 [G. arenaria; G. aubglabrata (in species cements) list)) : 28(368) (structure & origin of foreslope hills of delta) Gaultheria ahallon (shrub-salal) : 84(400) (invertebrates in delta marine sediments) 1:144 (in shade of trees around bog margins) 2:108 (common understory plant of coastal Douglas Gary, M. fir zone & Douglas fir-western hemlock 2:IBO:(248) (glossary of geology) subzone) :207; 3:233; 4:214; 5:183; 6:204 (in species list) GasterosteuB aculeatus (threespine stickleback) 3:xxiv, 109 (common in coastal western hemlock 1:102, 112-113 (in Fraser River mainstem & biogeoclimatic zone) tributaries; migration habits & areas) :109 (preferred drainage & soil types) :113 (as food of white sturgeon) :109 (as transition zone flora) :115 (use of estuarial zone for migration salinity :112 (coastal forest component) transition) :113 (successional forest component; foreshore- :116 (habitat preference in Boundary Bay) coastal forest transition vegetation) :163; 2:117 (as food of mergansers) :115 (upper beach flora) 2: 85, 86; 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 4:111 (scrub layer dominance) :201; 3:216; 4:206; 5:173; 6:195 (in species list) :112 (habitat in Douglas fir-swordfern 3: 85; 4: 96; 5: 83 (habitat) associations) 4: 96 (spawning season) :113 (swampy shrub layer component) : 96; 5: 83 (position in food chain) 6:101 (community position; species associations) : 97 (inhabits Cowichan estuary) 5: 83 (trophic relationships) Gavia adamsii (yellow-billed loon) 6: 83 (inhabit river system; estuarine abundance) 3:236; 5:185 (in species list)

Gastropoda (see also Limpets; Littorina; Mollusca; Gavia arctioa (arctic loon) Pteropoda; Slugs; Snail; Snails; also other 1:293 (habitat; food; etc.) species in species lists references hereunder) 2:210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 1:264, 271; 2:189, 198; 3:202, 211; 4:186, 194; 6:107 (estuarine sightings) 5:166, 169; 6:183, 189 (in species list) 2: 81 (larvae as food of fish) Gavia immer (common loon) :198 (unidentified larvae & species (in species 1:293 (food; etc.) list)) :293; 2:119 (habitat) 3:xxii (drainage system benthos) 2:119 (estuarine movements; seasonal species : 64 [Planorbi8 found in Lakelse Lake) dominance) : 65 (Babine Lake & Morrison Lake abundance of) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) : 68, 157 [Oaenebra tenuisculpta & Punoturella 3:120 (nesting habitat; over-wintering locations) cucullata in Porpoise Harbour) 6:107 (estuarine sightings) : 75 (consumed by Chatham Sound salmon) : 76 (planktonic components) Gavia sp. (loon, unspecified) :211 (pulmonate species (in species list)) 1:IB0:(450); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (identifi cation of) Gastropus sp. (rotifer, unspecified) 2:210 (in species list) 4:185 (in species list) 3:xxiv (recorded in estuarine area) 5:108 (seasonal estuarine movements & abundance) Gates, B.C. :108; 6:107 (species abundance) 2:IB0:(314) (status of wetland reserves in B.C. lower mainland) Gavia stellata (red-throated loon) 1:293 (food; etc.) Gates, B.R. :293; 2:119 (habitat) 1:IB0:(442); 2:IB0:(313) (black brant & snow goose 2:119 (estuarine movements; seasonal species harvest, B.C. lower mainland, 1969- dominance) 1970) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) :(443) (wildlife management of B.C. lower 3:120 (nesting habitat; over-wintering locations) mainland) 6:107 (estuarine sightings) :(443) (1966-67 hunting season, B.C. lower mainland) Gee, J.H. :(443) (proposed development of Duck & Barber 1:102(415) (longnose & leopard dace of lower Fraser Islands for waterfowl management) River) :(443) (Serpentine River flats wetland project) :(443) (black brant harvest, lower mainland Geen, G.H. region, 1967) 1:108(407) (dams & other factors affecting spawning, :(444, 461) (proposal for conservation & hatching, emergence & migration of management of lower Fraser River Fraser River sockeye salmon) Valley foreshores wildlife resource) :109(407, 415) (river discharge (& dams) re sockeye :(460) (status of wetland reserves in lower smolt survival on downstream migration) B.C. mainland) Gee 103. Geo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Geen, G.H. (cont'd.) 1: 12-16; 2; 6-13; 3: 7-12; 4: xx, 13 (geographic- 1:IB0:(415); 2:IB0:(295); 3:IB0:(349) (results of geologic setting) steelhead trout investigations) 16 (areal distribution of surficial & water- 2:IB0:(248) (evaluation of the biological borne sediments) consequences of the proposed B.C. 17 18 (dyked land) Railway development at the mouth of 18-21 (river channels) Mamquam Channel) 21 -26 (tidal flats) 26 -29 (western delta-front; upper fore-slope) Geese (see also Goose) 239 ; 2:182; 3:189; 4:167; 5:175; 6:160, 161 1:183 (acreage used for farm production) (on-going research projects) :327 (aerial census, of delta by months & areas, IBO :(358); 2:IB0:(256) (Lions region) 1960-74) :(360) (field trips) 5:102 (habitat) :(365); 2:IB0:(260); 3:IB0:(373) (B.C. 6:104 (relative abundance) Cordillera region) :(366); 2:IB0:(256); 3:IB0:(311); 4:IB0:(271) Geiger, S.E. (continental shelf) 6:150(283) (effect of pulp mill effluent on :(355-369); 2:IB0:(255-262); 3:IBO:(306-314); salmon flesh quality) 4:IB0:(266-272); 5:IBO:(225-232); 6: IBO:(255-258) (bibliography) Geisenderfer, R.D. 6 (effect of Squamish expansion upon) 2:IB0:(245); 4:IB0:(263) (glossary of oceanographic 9 , 10 (rock classification) terms) 14 , 16 (geological formations; formation of inner & outer basins) Gelidium sp. (red alga, unspecified) 14 , 17 (sediment types & distribution) 3:222 (in species list) 17 , 18, 47 (tidal flat divisions) 18 , 47 (intertidal zone divisions) Gemma gemma (clam) 19 (geological areas of delta) 1:IB0:(392, 398) (populations of) 23 (slumping process) 47 (northern & southern Howe Sound sill Gentiana douglasiana (white gentian) morphology) 3:115 (muskeg flora) 98 (vegetation re soil stability) :229 (in species list) 165 (of Sunset Marina) 229'-232(248); 3:278-282; 4:250-252 (glossary) Gentiana spectrum IBO (257) (B.C. field trips) 3:229 (in species list) (257); 3:IB0:(308) (B.C. reports re) (258) (Sechelt surficial geology) Geography (259) (Britannia-Howe Sound guide) 2: 47 (northern Howe Sound geomorphology & (260, 312); 5:IB0:(231) (coastal inventory; topography) plutonic rocks & origins) 3: xx 7 (of Skeena River estuary, channels and Geological Discussion Club drainage basin) 1:IB0:(360) (guidebook for southwestern B.C. : 7 8 (composition, origin, structure & location geological field trips) of the Hazel ton & Coast Mountains in 2:. 7(257) (granitic plutonic rocks of Howe the Skeena headwaters region) Sound more than one age) : 8 (quartz dykes, gold, silver, lead, zinc & copper mineral deposits) Geological Survey of Canada : 8 (origin & composition of Kitimat-Kitsumkalum 1: 8 (source of information) Valley) :IB0:(360); 2:IB0:(257, 340); 3:IB0:(308) : 8 9 (location, structure, age, composition (reference to list of geological mineralogy & regional disparities between reports of B.C.) eastern & western sections of Prince :(486, 487); 2:IB0:(257, 340) (B.C. & B.C- Rupert & Skeena map area) Alberta index sheet maps) : 9 10 (glacial & river deposits) 3:IB0:(308) (geology of Skeena River delta) : 10 (topography, composition, elevation, bedrock :(397) (map of Zymoetz River area) geology, age & mineralogy of Mount Hayes, 4: 21(268) (re Cowichan River sand & gravel Ridley, Lelu & Kitson Islands) deposits) : 10 (fault zones & fracture patterns in proposed :227 (surficial geology, Duncan, B.C.) port locations) 5: 13(228) (surficial geology of Nanaimo region) : 11 12 (compositon, location & extent of colluvial, organic, alluvial, glacial, Geological Time Scale floodplain & deltaic deposits) 7 (Paleozoic) : 12 (estuarine geological properties influencing 7 (Mesozoic) biological inhabitation) 10 (Middle Eocene) : 12 (re port development) 10 (Pleistocene) : 13 (estuary study re: sediment dispersal & 16 (Quaternary) deposition, factors influencing delta 172; 5:169; 6:179 (tables) front erosion & accretion, trace metal levels, experimental vessels, methods, Geology [see also Erosion; Glaciation; Mineralogy; personnel) Sediments) 3: 13 (channel geology; sediment composition) 1: 10-29(362) (Fraser River delta, with map on :IB0 (307) (maps) page 11) (307, 312) (Coast Range) :12-16; 2: 6-13 (geologic history) 104. Geo Gil

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Geology (cont'd) 6: 15 (deltaic sediments) 3:IB0:(308) (rock geochemistry) : 17 (regional mining sites &status) :(308) (Kitsault, Zymoetz & Bear Rivers; :180, 181 (Kitimat Valley-Kitimat Arm events re Stewart, Prince Rupert, Cassiar marine clays) & Burns Lake) :IBO:(257, 258) (Coast Mountains Project) :(308, 311); 5:IB0:(230) (reconnaissance :(257, 264) (sea floor slippage) reports) :(258, 278) (Canadian mineral & thermal :(309) (regional; economic) waters) :(310); 4:IB0:(268); 5:IB0:(227) (radio carbon dates; Smithers) George C Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary (Westham :(312) (Prince Rupert harbour) Island) (see also Sanctuary) :(312) (palynology of late Cretaceous 1:IB0:(443) (a sanctuary for all seasons) deposits) :(312, 313) (Serb Creek intrusive complex) Geothlypis triohas (yellowthroat) :(314) (Rocher Deboule Range) 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) xx, 13; 5: 15-17 (sediments; soils) 2:215; 3:240; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) 14 (mapping southern Vancouver Island formations) 14, 19 (motions & age of Cowichan Valley Ice Geranium molle (dovefoot geranium) Tongue) 4:213 (in species list) 15 (Vancouver Group formations, ages & rock types) Gerrhonotus ooeruleus (northern alligator lizard) 16 (Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Series formation 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) & rock types) 18 (Nanaimo coalfields) Geum macrophyllum (large-leaved yellow avens) 18, 19 (Pleistocene ice centers, movements, 1:289; 6:209 (in species list) direction indicators & depths) 19 (Quarternary, Fraser Glaciation & Pleisto Ghelardi, R.J. cene history) 1:IBO:(345) (a brief on mariculture) 19, 21 (Vashon Drift) 20 (summary of late Pleistocene events in Giant Ragwort (see Senecio triangularis) southeastern Vancouver Island) 21; 5: 13, 14 (surficial deposits) Giant Vetch [see Vioia gigantea) 22; 5: 13, 14 (post-glacial sea levels) IBO:(263) (dictionary) Giant Wrymouth (see Delolepis gigantea) :(266); 5:IBO:(225) (depositional environment of Comox formation) Gibbard, J.E. :(266, 271) (Vancouver Island; plutonic rock 1:IB0:(347) (Fraser Valley history, 1808-1885) & metallic mineral deposit relation ships) Gibson, G. (270); 5:IBO:(229) (limestone petrography) 1:IB0:(370) (Boundary Bay climate) (271); 5:IBO:(233) (volcanism, plutonism; mineralization) Gigartina papillata (red alga) (275); 5:IBO:(225) (groundwater) 3:xxiv (habitat) :xxm, 8 (re estuarine region) :xxiv, 105 (pollution tolerance) : 8-11 (Nanaimo formations- locations, distribu :222; 5:179 (in species list) tion, classification, composition, age, associated paleontology, dimensions & Gigartina sp. (red alga, unspecified) boundaries) 3:105 (location; abundance) 11-12 (coal seam locations, quality, dimensions :222 (in species list) & extent worked) 12, 13 (sand, gravel & mineral deposits) Gilbert, C.H. 13, 14 (glacial dynamics & supporting evidence) 5:IBO:(258) (new cottoid genus & species from 14 (deltaic sediment study conducted in Departure Bay) conjunction with meiofauna research) :IBO:(228) (western Canadian) Gilders, C.J. 8 (geological location & features) 1:IB0:(361) (palynological study of Point Grey 8, 10 (Pleistocene events & effects) sediments) 9 (regional petrology) 9, 10 (geological formations: distribution, Giles, M.A. composition, location, age & dermina 4: 92(293) (emergence & migration of Cowichan tion methods) River juvenile chinook salmon) 10, 12 (glacial & post-glacial sea levels; associated physical & deposition Gilhousen, P. processes) 2:160:(301) (river lamprey parasitism on juvenile 11 (geological formations in Kitimat area) Pacific salmon & herring) 12 (composition, distribution, depth, eleva tion, origins & locations of Pleistocene, Gilhousen, S.R. Recent & marine deposits) 1:103(416) (marine factors affecting survival of 13 (age, vertical, surficial composition, dis pink salmon entering sea from Fraser tribution, extent, location, investigative River estuary) methods, hardness, permeability problems & :107(416) (timing of mature sockeye entering environmental effects associated with ri ver) sedimentary formations) :107, 111(429) (lampreyj amp parasitism on sockeye & pink salmon in river) 105, Gil Glo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Gill, C.A. Gjaltema, H. 1:IB0:(417); 2: 91(296) (distribution of juvenile 6: 6(253) (historical logging activities in steelhead [Salmo gairdneri) and cut Kitimat area) throat trout [Salmo clarki clarki) :127(276) (recent Kitimat Valley logging opera in southwestern B.C. streams) tions) :IBO:(284) (provisional environmental quality Gillespie, R.E. objectives for Kitimat region) 5:140(280) (biological oxygen demand deter minations) Glaciology 1: xv (re origin of river's suspended load) Gilligan, R.M. : 11 (map of types of deposits in delta) 1:IBO:(476) (three reports on forecasting effects : 15 (disappearance of Pleistocene ice in canyon of pollution discharges on estuaries) re commencement of delta formation) :128 (as origin of outwash deposits) Gilmartin, M. :142 (re bog areas) 98(305) (Squamish estuary phytoplankton) IBO:(357) (interglacial deposits; glacial till) 99(305) (maximum carbon fixation values) 10 (re fiords) IBO:(272) (annual cyclic changes in the physical 11 (re delta building; Howe Sound & Squamish oceanography of a B.C. fiord) topography) :(305) (primary productivity of a B.C. fiord) : 11 (inner &outer sill origins) : 14, 16 (Pleistocene sediments) Gilmour, A.J. 3:IBO:(306); 6:IBO:(255) (Kitimat-Terrace area 1:IB0:(460) (implications of industrial develop studies) ment on marine estuary ecology) :(308) (significance in Bear River delta) :(313); 6:IBO:(257, 258) (foraminifera Gilson, H.C distribution) 1:IBO:(469) (freshwater & estuarine studies of 4:IB0:(266) (glacial movements; surficial deposits) effects of industries) :(268) (re geology) 5:IB0:(226) (B.C.) Ginsburg, R.N. 4:IBO:(268) (influence of marine bottom communities Glasswort, woody [see Salicomia virginioa) on the depositional environment of sediments) Glauoidium gnoma (pygmy owl) 2:213; 3:239; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) Giovando, D.P. 6:108 (observation of) 3:IBO:(349) (recovery of salmon tagged offshore in the eastern north Pacific Ocean) Glaucomys sabrinus oregonensis (flying squirrel) 1:320 (habitat; food) Giovando, L.F. 2:217; 3:242 (in species list) 1: 79(388) (current velocity measurements between Sand Heads & Porlier Pass, Strait of Glaux maribna (sea-milkwort) Georgia) 4:213 (in species list) :IB0:(383); 2:IB0:(272) (Strait of Georgia sur face water circulation) Glaux maritima (saltwort) :(384) (oceanographic features between 1:283; 5:180, 181; 6:208 (in species list) Vancouver Island & B.C. mainland) :(387); 2:IB0:(274) (turbidity observations Glehnia littoralis (beach carrot) in B.C. inlets) 3:229 (in species list) :(451); 2:124(318); 3:IB0:(377) (whales & dolphins of B.C. Glenodinum (dinoflagellate) 2: 53(272) (current velocity 30 ft. below surface) 1:261 [G. marinum[in species list)) : 53(272) (Squamish River-seaward flow at two 4:185 [G. sp. (in species list)) meters depth) : 65(272) (review of oceanographic knowledge to Globigerina sp. (foraminifera, unspecified) 1972) 6: 71 (Kitimat Arm habitat) :IB0:(275) (three technical reports concerning :188 (in species list) current velocity measurements in Strait of Georgia) Globigerinida 3: 39(325); 5:IBO:(240) (seawater observations & 1:260 (in species list) trends) :IBO:(325) (characteristic of the northeast Globobulimina Pacific Ocean surface layer) 1:259 [G. auriaulata; G. paoifica (in species 5: 25(234) (monthly summary of hourly winds at list)) Entrance Island) 41(240) (re sewage dispersal from ocean outfall) Gloeocapsa sp. (blue-green alga, unspecified) 63(240) (re current observations) 3:219 (in species list) 137(280) (re location of sewage outfall) IBO:(263) (oceanographic aspects with respect Gloeocystis (green alga) to possible B.C. sites of proposed 3:220 [G. sp. (in species list)) Nippon Kokan Kaisha steel mill) 4:104 [G. gigas found in Cowichan Lake) Gloetrichia echinulata (blue-green algae) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) Glo 106. God

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Gloiopeltis furoata (red alga) Gnaphalium palustre (lowland cudweed) 3:222 (in species list) 1:283 (in species list) Glossaries Gnaphalium sp. (cudweed, unspecified) 225; 3:276; 4:248 (glossary index) 6:201 (in species list) 226-229; 3:277-278; 4:249-250 (general terms) 229-232; 3:278-282; 4:251-252 (geological terms) Gnaphalium aylvatioum (cudweed) 232; 3:282; 4:252-253 (climatological terms) 6:201 (in species list) 232-233; 3:282-283; 4:253 (hydrological terms) 233-234; 2:283-284; 4:253-255 (oceanographic terms) Gnaphalium uliginoaum (low cudweed) 234-239; 2:285-289; 4:255-259 (biological terms) 6:201 (in species list) 240-242; 3:290-292; 4:259-260 (pollution terms) IBO:(245); 4:IB0:(263) (oceanogrpahy) Gnorimosphaeroma(isopods) :(246) (re environmental terms) 1: 90 [G. lutra in Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh) :(246) (geological dictionary) 4:199; 5:167 [G. oregonensis (in species list)) :(249) (of ecological terms for coastal 6: 72, 79, 81 [G. oregonensis as salmonid food engineers) resource) 3:289-290 (land use & development terms) : 74 (deltaic habitat of G. oregonensis) 5:210-222; 6:238-251 (re general, geological, : 95 (biotic interactions of G. oregonensis) climatological, oceanographic, hydrological, biological & pollution terms) Goard, D.S. 5:210-222; 6:238-251 (geographical terms) 4:IB0:(307) (bibliography re socio-economic research in rural B.C.) Glossiphonia sp. (leech, unspecified) 4:186 (in species list) Goat mountain (see Oreamnos amerioanus) Glossoma sp. (primitive caddisfly, unspecified) 6:185 (in species list) Goat'sBeard(seeArunous Sylvester)

Glova, G. Gobiesox masandricus (flatheadclingfish) 5:147(280) (sculpin sensitivity to stream 3: 88 (estuarineresident) disruption) :216;4:207 (in specieslist) :IB0:(258) (relative abundance & size of fish in Haslam Creek) Gobin, CA. 1:IBO:(361)(mottlesin some lowerFraserValley Glycera capitata (polychaeta) poorly drained soil) 3:199 (in species list) Goby Glycera sp. (polychaeta, unspecified) arrow (see Clevelandia ios) 3:199; 4:191 (in species list) bay (se£Lepidogobius lepidus) 6:188 [G. nana (in species list)) Goddard, J.M. Glyceria elata (tall manna grass) 4:106(297)(florainhabitingareaslitteredwith 3:229 (in species list) wood debris) :IBO:(268,279, 287, 313) (commentson the Glyceria oocidentalis (manna grass) condition of the Ladysmith Harbour 3:108 (habitat of) seabed) :229 (in species list) Godfrey H. Glyceria pauciflora 1:106(416)(fewFraserRivercohosalmonfry begin 3:229 (in species list) seaward migration immediately after emergence) Glyceria striata (fowl manna grass) :IB0:(409,416); 3:IB0:(349)(ages& physical 3:229; 5:180 (in species list) characteristicsof maturing chinook salmon of Fraser River, Nass River Glyceridae (polychaetes) & Skeena River) 3:199 (in species list) 2:IB0:(295);3:IB0:(349)(coho,chinook& masu 6:188 [G. sp. (in species list)) salmon in offshore north Pacific Ocean waters) Glycinde armigera (polychaete) 3: 64(337) (invertebrate communities of Skeena River 6:188 (in species list) drainage basin) : 65(337) (invertebratecommunitiesof Babine Glycinde picta (polychaeta) Lake & Morrison Lake) 3:199; 6:188 (in species list) : 66(337)(re zooplankton) : 85(349)(speciesco-existingwithSkeena Glyptooephalus zaohirus (rex sole) whitefish) 1:275; 3:216; 4:207 (in species list) :IB0:(349)(comparisonof age at maturityof 3: 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior rocks trawl RiversInlet& SkeenaRiver sockeye fishery) salmon) 4: 97 (juveniles inhabit Cowichan estuary) :(349) (effects of a rock slide on Babine River salmon) Glyptotendipes sp. 4: 85(294)(annotatedbibliographyon Straitof 6:186 (in species list) Georgiafish) God 107. Goo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Godfrey, W.E. Goniotrichum elegans (alga) 1:318(443) (birds of Fraser River delta) 5:179 (in species list) 2:IB0:(314) (Canadian birds) 4:216(302); 6:212(273) (re avian nomenclature) Gonyaulax (radiolarian) 5:104(267) (feeding habitat of dabbling ducks) 1:270 [G. spinifera (in species list)) :108(267) (habitat preferences of the common merganser) Gonyaulax sp. (dinoflagellate, unspecified) :185(267) (estuarine species list) 1:IB0:(431); 2:IB0:(304); 3:IB0:(365); 5:IB0:(251) (re B.C. red tides) Goldberg, E.D. 5: 48, 93 (re shellfish toxicity & paralytic 1: 20(361) (mineralogy of Fraser River channel shellfish poisoning) suspended sediments) :IB0:(257) (clay mineral distribution in the Goodlad, R. world oceans) 1:IB0:(416) (effects of flow ice from an ice jam on Fraser River near Quesnel on Goldeneye lower river pink salmon spawning Barrow's (see Buoephala islandioa) grounds) common (see Buoephala olangula) Goodman, D. Goldenrod (see Solidago sp.; Solidago canadensis) 2: 3(285) (Squamish River delta & estuary; map) : 71(285) (major delta fish populations re Golder, Brawner and Associates Limited stomach contents) 1:IBO:(361) (soil investigation; proposed wildfowl : 85(295) (tidal flat beach seine collections) management area, Mud Bay, Fraser : 87(296) (economically important fish of the delta) estuary) 2:IB0:(308) (Ridley Island land investigation) : 88(296) (central basin - preferred habitat of :(308) (soil investigation for proposed Port juvenile salmonids) Simpson marine facility) :149(321) (Mamquam Channel salmonid feed on 6: 14(256) (re marine clay) Anisogammarus) :174(256) (information source) :IB0:(248) (preliminary assessment of British :180(256) (events associated with marine clays Columbia Railway development situated in Kitimat Valley-Kitimat proposed for the east side of Mamquam Arm area) Channel) :(331) (use of inner Squamish River estuary Golder, H.Q. by fish) 1:IB0:(361) (engineering properties of marine clay at Port Mann, Fraser delta) Goodman, H. 2: 39(255) (dredging of the West Channel) Goldfinch :112(310) (effect of human activities on the American (see Spinus tristis) wildlife resource) :135(321) (accessibility to Squamish re port Goldie, CA. development) 1: 54, 126(377) (water quality in lower Fraser :136(321) (dyking of the West Channel) River re bacteria & pollution) :IBO:(265) (a study of the west and central channels of the Squamish delta) Goldsborough, E.L. 1:IB0:(414) (checklist of Canadian freshwater Goodman, J. fishes) 1:109(416) (feed of sockeye salmon smolts at Mission in Fraser River delta) Goldthread boreal (see Coptis asplenifolia) Goodyera oblongifolia (green-leaved rattlesnake [see Coptis trifolia) orchid) 3:229; 6:207 (in species list) Golenkinioppis sp. (green alga, unspecified) 4:112 (herb of coastal Douglas fir zone) 3:220 (in species list) 6:100 (community position; species associations)

Golf Courses Goose 1:187 (existing & possible areas for) black brant (see Branta bernicla nigricans) blue or snow [see Chen caerulesoens oaerules- Golfingia sp. (sipunculid, unspecified) oens) 6: 74 (identification of) cackling [see Branta canadensis minima) :191 (in species list) Canada (see Branta canadensis moffitti) lesser Canada [see Branta leuoopareia) Gomphonema sp. (sipunculid, unspecified) lesser snow (see Chen hyperborea) 2:205; 3:221 (in species list) white-fronted [see Anser albifrons albifrons) Goniada brunnea (polychaeta) Gooseberry [see Ribes lacustre) 1:262; 3:199; 4:191 (in species list) Goosefoot (see Chenopodium murale) Gonionemu8 vertans (hydrozoan) 4:189 (in species list) 108. Gor Gra

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Gordon, C.C. Graham, J.D. 6:160(283) (fluoride damaged vegetation) 1:IB0:(460) (new approach to land use planning - :161(283) (area effected by fluoride emissions) multiple goal programming)

Gordon, R.W. Grainger, E.H. 1:108(421); 2:IB0:(298, 333) (toxicity of copper 5:IBO:(254) (synopsis of Canadian marine to sockeye & pink salmon during early zooplankton) freshwater life) IBO (425) (toxicity of Kraft pulpmill wastes & Grain chlorinated catechols to sockeye) 1:153 (farm cereal, as food of birds) (425) ; 2:IBO:(301, 335) (toxicity & oxygen 183 (acreage used for) demands of decaying bark) 249 (dust from bulk transport of, at Vancouver (425) ; 2:IBO:(301, 335) (effects of decaying & related ports (tons per year)) bark on incubating salmon eggs) :308 (as food of jays) (425) ; 2:IBO:(335) (heavy-metal criteria for sockeye & pink salmon) Gramineae (grasses) [see also Alopecurus; Agrostis; (425, 480) (effects of water quality & Calamagrostis; Desohampsia; Elymus; Festuoa; pollutants on migration, spawning & Hierockloe; Hordeum; Phragmites; Pucoinellia) hatching of Fraser River sockeye 2:104 (intertidal locations) salmon) 4:108 (distribution in Chemainus salt marsh) :(478) ; 2:IB0:(333) (toxicity of de-inking :111 (occurring in grazed portions of Cowichan wastes containing detergents) estuary) :(481) ; 2:IBO:(335) (detoxification of Kraft :212; 6:204 (in species list) pulpmill effluent by an aerated lagoon) 2:154(301) (Kraft mill effluent toxicity reduction Grammaria abietina methods) 2:186 (in species list) :IB0:(301, 335) (toxicity & treatment of Kraft pulp bleach plant waste) Grammatophora (diatoms) :(301, 335) (toxicity of two chlorinated 1:290 [G. marina (in species list)) catechols, possible components of Kraft pulp mill bleach Grampus griseus (gray or Risso's dolphin) waste) 3:243 (in species list)

Goshawk (see Aooipiter gentilis) Grampus rectipinna (Pacific killer whale) (see Orcinus oroa) Gosselink, J.G. 1:IB0:(347) (value of tidal marsh) Gran, H.H. 1:IB0:(432) (diatoms; physical & chemical Government of Canada conditions of San Juan Archipelago 1:IBO:(476, 477) (three reports on environmental seawater) problems of lower Fraser River Valley & Strait of Georgia) Graptoleberi8 testudinaria (branchiopod) 4:187 (in species list) Goyette, D.E. 3: 35, 158(317, 389) (Wainwright Basin dissolved Grass (see also Bluegrass; Lyme-grass; Saltgrass) oxygen values) arrow (see Trigochin maritima) : 68(338) (summary of Porpoise Harbour-Wainwright barnyard (see Echinoohloa cruegalli) Basin water quality delta) beach (see Festuoa arundinacea) 158(389) (red liquor line study) bent (see Agrostis exarata; A. semi- 158(389) (Wainwright Basin fibre bed area) verticillata) 150(314) (distribution of mill effluents) blue (see Poa sp.; also Bluegrass) 151(314) (effects of zinc on Pacific oysters) blue wild rye (see Elymus glaucus) :IB0:(279) (heavy metal monitoring program with bunch (see Elymus arenarius; E.mollis) emphasis on zinc contamination of cotton (see Eriophorum chamiasonis) Pacific oysters) creeping bent (see Agrostis exarata exarata; :(315) (re heavy metal contamination in A. pdlustris) shellfish) dune [see Elymus mollis) 6: 40(263) (Kitimat hydrographic & oceanographic early hair (see Aira praecox) information surveys) eel (see Zostera sp.) -.136(283) (aluminum concentrations in sediments) fescu (see Festuca rubra) hair, tall hair or (see De8chdmp8ia caespitosa Gracilaria verrucosa (alga) tufted hair longiflora) 1:291; 5;179 (in species list) lawn (see Poa sp.) lop or soft chess (see Bromus mollis) Gracilariop8i8 sjoestedii (red alga) lyme- or sea lyme- (see Lyme-grass) 3:222 (in species list) meadow (see Poa howelli) orchard (see Dactylis glomerata) Graham, C. Pacific reed (see Calamagrostis nutkaensis) 5:IBO:(228) (problems of the Vancouver Island pepper (see Lepidium dehsifolium) coal industry) perennial rye (see Lolium perenne) quack (see Agropyron repens) reed canary (see Phalaris arundinacea) 109. Gra Gre

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Gray, A.V. Grass (cont'd.) 5:IB0:(273) (economic analysis of Nanaimo) rib (see Plantago lanceolata) :(278) (patterns of living in Nanaimo rye (see Elymus ambiguu8; E. con- Regional District) denaatu8) Saltgrass) salt (see Gray, F.W. tall Canada rye [see Elymus oinereus) 5:IB0:(228) (Canadian coal mining & geology] velvet (see Holcus lanatus) vernal (see Anthoxanthum adoration) Gray, J. vernal whitelow (see Draba verna) 1:IB0:(460) (character & pervasiveness of western wheat (see Agrophyron smithii) transport competition in movement wheat (see Agrophyron canium) of commodities from Greater Vancouver whitelow (see Draba sp.) origins to B.C. destinations) widgeon (see Ruppia maritima) wild rye (see Elymus vanoouverensis) Greases yellow bristle [see Setaria lutesaens) 1: 55, 56 (levels in estuary waters)

Grass, A.L. Greater Britain Emigration Commission 1:IB0:(400) (some B.C. land & freshwater Mollusca) 5:IB0:(273) (survey of Cowichan & Nanaimo districts) Grass and Forb Community 1:129-131, 135 (of estuary area; list of other Great Hedge Nettle (see Staohys mexicana) vegetation species) 129-131, 135; 2: xx (most abundant species) Great Sculpin (see Myoxocephalus polyacanthooephalus) 130 (map of major areas) :135 (of dykes & jetties) Greater Vancouver Real Estate Board :104, 106 (location) 1:IB0:(460) (recent annual real estate trends) Grasses (Note: Words ending in "grass" are indexed Greater Vancouver Regional District (reports, etc.) under the full name, e.g. Bluegrass; Lyme-grass; 8 (source of information) Saltgrass) (see also Grass for vernacular names; 184(461); 2:IB0:(324) (population forecast) Gramineae) 186(461) (housing issue) 1:130 (map showing major Fraser River estuarial 192, 193(461) (present & future industrial & area of) economic development) :280-287 (species list including) :234(461) (map of proposed future industrial :320 (food of mice) development areas of Fraser River :323 (food of bears) delta) :IB0:(430-438) (bibliography including) :235(461) (areas cited for proposed recreational 2:104, 106 (species; habitats) development of delta) 3:113 (successional forest component) :IBO:(348) (annual report for 1972-1973) :(348) (nature of regional government) 4:211 (in species list) :(355) (librarian source of out-of-print & contract publications) Grauer Beach 1: 85 (crab fishing) :(373) (floodplain & floodproofing in lower Fraser Valley) Gravel (see also Sediments) :(461) (official regional plan booklet) 1: 13 (grain size) :(487) (references to four maps) : 53 (transported by main river is deposited in 2:IB0:(323) (report on livability) riverbed between Agassiz & Mission) :IB0:(355) (geology) Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage Distirct :(357) (re Port Mann Bridge) 1: 92(401) (invertebrate fauna in vicinity of :(362); 2:IB0:(257) (imbrication) lona Island sewage outfall) 161 (operations; permissible discharges) :147(432) (marine algae near outfall) 162 (with respect to deleterious effects) :202, 207(477) (long range projects for Vancouver 169 (dust) domestic organic waste treatment & IBO:(259) (Furry Creek deposits history & origins) disposal re marine pollution) 3:IBO:(311) (Dixon Entrance deposits) :IB0:(477) (sewage treatment plant design & :(314) (Prince Rupert sampling) data) 4: 21 (Cowichan Valley distribution & regulations re) Grebe :IB0:(270); 5:IB0:(229) (Strait of Georgia) eared (see Podioeps nigricollis) 5: 12, 13, 118 (extent, location, usage & value of horned (see_Podioeps auritus) Nanaimo deposits) pied-billed [see Podilymbu8 podioeps) 119 (removal regulations) red-neck [eee_ Podioeps grisegena) 14, 17 (economic importance) western [see Aechmophorus oocidentalis) 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 (regional distribution, sedimentary associations, specific sites, Grebes, unspecified size, origin & composition of deposits) 1:327 (aerial census of delta, 1966-1974) : 18 (removal permits re holders, displacements & sites) Green False Hellibore (see Veratrum viride) :IB0:(255) (Kitimat resources) Gre 110. Gul

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Green, J. Grosbeak 1:IBO:(344) (estuarine development) black-headed [see Pheuctious melanooephalua) :(393); 2:IBO:(278) (biology of estuarine evening [see_ Hesperiphona veapertina) animals) pine (see Pinicola enucleator) 2:IB0:(246); 4:IB0:(283) (estuarine environment estuarine & brackish water) Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family) (see also Ribes) 6:204 (in species list) Green Rein Orchid [see Rabenaria saccata) Grosvenor International Limited Green Stoneflies (see Chloroperlidae) 2:IB0:(324) (development study of the land between Lynn Creek & Indian Arm Green Sturgeon (see Aoipenser medirostris) in the District of North Vancouver)

Greenhalgh, W. Groundsel (see Seneoio vularis) 1:IBO:(361) (some cation exchange properties & time requirements of Fraser Valley Grouse soils) blue (see Dendragapus obsourus) ruffed (see Bonasa umbellus) Greenius, A.W. 1:IB0:(432); 3:102(366); 4:IB0:(297) (general Grunt Sculpin (see Rhamphocottua riohardaoni) status of B.C. seaweed industry) Grua canadensis (sandhill crane) Green-leaved Rattlesnake Orchid [see Goodyera 1:301 (habitat; food; etc.) oblongifolia) 3:xxiv (nests on estuary) :119 (nesting habitat) Greenling, whitespotted (see Hexaarammos stelleri) :237; 4:218 (in species list)

Greenlings (general) Guiguet, CJ. 4: 98 (consume gobies) 1:169(442) (ruffed grouse & other gallinaceous birds of Fraser River delta) Greenstripe Rockfish [see Sebastea elongatua) :170(444) (introduced European gray partridge on Lulu Island & near Ladner) Green-winged Teal (see Anas carolinensis) :171(442) (opossum & cottontail rabbit in Fraser River Valley & delta) Greenwood, W.H. :172(442) (Roosevelt elk (exterminated) & Columbia 1:IBO:(449) (report of sea lion investigation) blacktail deer in delta) :294-304, 318(443, 444) (bird species utilizing Greer, B.A. delta) 5:140(280) (biological oxygen demand determinations) :IB0:(442); 4:IB0:(301) (B.C. alien animals) :(442); 6:IB0:(273) B.C. mammals) Greer, D.M. :(442); 6.-IBO:(273) (catalogue of B.C. seabird 5:IB0:(273) (re Nanaimo regional planning) colonies) 2:120(313) (Howe Sound sea bird colonies) Grey Cod (see Gadus macrooephalus) :124(313) (indirect information on mammal life of the area) Griffin, J.J. :IB0:(314); 3:IB0:(373) (European starling nesting 1: 20(361) (mineralogy of Fraser River channel in new territory in western B.C.; suspended sediments) sight records) 2:IB0:(257) (clay mineral distribution in the :(314) 3:IB0:(373); 4:IB0:(302) (eight world oceans) handbooks on birds of B.C.) 3:117(372) (general wildlife information) Griffith, L.M. 4:123(301) (maps concerning mammalian species 1:IB0:(401) (B.C. intertidal univalves) distributions & abundances) 4: 79(287) (re intertidal life) 5:107(267) (nesting sites of glaucous-winged gulls) :108(267) (nesting sites of pigeon guillemots) Grill, E.V. 1: 20(360) (cementation of recent sediments in Guillemot Fraser River estuary channels) pi geon [see Cepphus columba) : 84(400) (invertebrates on cemented sandstone in channels) Gulf Islands 4:xiv (location; significance) Grimmiaceae (moss family) (see also Rhacomitrium) : xv (ecological reserve proposal) 6:204 (in species list) : 57, 58 (tidal mixing; factors effecting density; salinity & temperature stratification Grindelia integrifolia (gumweed) patterns) 1:145 (Boundary Bay) :102 (recreational boating densities & activities 4:213; 5:180, 182 (in species list) in) 5:IB0:(227) (soils) Groll, A.W. :(268) (water birds) 3: 40(323) (Hecate Strait oceanographic studies) Gull Bonaparte's (see Larue Philadelphia) 111. Gul Hal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Gull (cont'd.) Habenaria sacaata (slender bog or green rein orchid) California (see Larus oalifornicus) 3:229; 6:207 (in species list) Frank1i n's (see Larus pipixoan) glaucous (see Larus hyperboreus) Habenaria unalasohensis (white rein orchid) glaucous-winged (see Larua glauoeaoens) 6:101 (community position; species associations; Heermann's (see Larua heermanni) abundance) herring (see Larus argentatus) mew (see Larus canus) Habitat (see also Land Use; Urban development) ring-billed (see Larus delawarensis) 1:236 (map showing estuary areas sensitive for Sabine's (see Xema sabini) fish & wildlife conservation) Thayer's (see Larus thayeri) :293-318 (of estuary birds) western (see Larus oocidentalis) :319-323; 2:IB0:(318) (of estuary mammals) :324-325 (of estuary amphibians) Gul1s (see also Larus) :326 (of estuary reptiles) 1:164-165 (represented on estuary; major problems :IB0:(411) (protection) at airport) :IB0:(443) (census) Hacquebard, P.A. 5:107 (seasonal estuarine abundance & dynamics; 5:IB0:(228) (petrography of Canada in relation peak abundance periods; concentration deposition environmnet) locations; feeding areas; species sighted) Haegele, C Gulo lusous (wolverine) 1:IB0:(422); 3: 87, 93(357) (time & extent of 2:218; 3:243; 4:224 (in species list) herring spawning along B.C. coast) 4:124 (frequency of occurrence) 2: 93(300) (closure of herring season in southern B.C.) Gum Weed (see Grindelia integrifolia) Haematopus baohmani (black oyster catchers) Gunderson, D.R. l:IB0:(44O); 2:IB0:(311) (Vancouver occurrence) 1:IBO:(428) (status of Pacific Ocean perch stocks :(440); 2:IB0:(311) (nesting habitat) off B.C., Washington & Oregon) 2:212; 3:237; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) 4:120 (feeding habitats) Gunn Island 5:106 (seasonal estuarine inhabitant) 1:140, 141 (vegetation, soil) Haemobaphes (Copepoda: Lernaeoceridae) Gunnel (see Pholis) 1:IB0:(401); 2:IB0:(285) (of B.C. waters)

Gunter, G. Hafer, R.A. 3:IB0:(389) (oysters &sulphite waste liquor) 3:IBO:(369) (wave measurements from the drilling rig SEDC0-135F) Guppy, R. 4: 71(287) (re insects) Haggen, E. 1:IBO:(369) (oil exploration near Vancouver, in the Fraser Valley & in Fraser delta) Guthrie, J. 2:IB0:(331) (effects of Kraft mill effluent on Pacific oyster [Crassostrea gigas)) Haig-Brown, R. 1:IB0:(416) (the Pacific salmon) Gymnooarpium dryopteris (oak fern) 3:113 (successional forest component) Hair-leaved Rush (see Junous supiniformis) :229; 6:208 (in species list) Hairy Cat's Ear [see Hypoohaeris radicata) Gymnodinium sp. (dinoflagellate, unspecified) 1:261; 3:219 (in species list) Hairy Manzanita (see Arctostaphylos oolumbiana) Gymnolaemata [see Bugula; Membranipora; Phidolopora) Hairy Rockcress (see Arabis hirsuta) Gyrfalcon (see Falco rusticolis) Hairy Ryegrass (see Elymus hirsutus)

Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles) Hake 4:187 (in species list) Pacific [see Merluccius productus) Haliaeetus leucooephalus (bald eagle) 299; 2:122, 123; 3:121 (food of; etc.) 299; 2:122, 123; 3;121; 6:107 (habitat) 328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) 122, 123 (feeding habits) 122, 123; 3:121 (numbers) Habenaria dilatata (tall white bog-orchid) 211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 2:207; 6:207 (in species list) IBO:(315); 3:IB0:(323) (information source) Habenaria orbioulata (large round-leaved orchid) xxv, 121 (nest in tall trees along river & estuary) 6:207 (in species list) 122 (season of occurrence; estuarine locations) 122; 5:109 (nesting habitat) 112. Han Hal

SPECIEAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) 3:IB0:(389) (biological survey of watershed 4:122; 5:109; 6:107 (abundance) adjacent to proposed mine site near 5:109 (estuarine inhabitant; feeding areas) Houston, B.C.)

Halibut Halldorson, D. Pacific (see Hippoglossus stenolepis) 2: 39(255) (dredging of the west channel) :112(310) (effect of human activities on the Halichondria sp. (encrusting sponges) wildlife resources) 3:198 (in species list) :135(321) (accessibility to Squamish re port 5: 70 (estuarine habitat & abundance) development) :166 [H. panicea (in species list)) :136(321) (dyking of the west channel) :IB0:(265) (study of the west & central channels Haligena spartinae (marine fungus) of Squamish delta) 1:278 (in species list) Haller, A.M. Haliotis sp. (abalone, unspecified) 1:IB0:(385) (oceanographic data record, Strait of 1:IB0:(404); 2:IB0:(289); 3:IB0:(340) (with respect Georgia) to B.C.) 2:IBO:(273) (Monitor & coastal projects oceano 6: 75 (value; habitat; commercial & recreational graphic data record) exploitation) Halliday, W.E.D. Haliplanella luoiae (anthozoan) 1:IB0:(432) (forest classification of Canada) 4:189 (in species list) Halooynthia sp. Halistaura cellularia (hydrozoan) 2:196 [H. aurantium & H. igaboja (in species list)) 4:189 (in species list) Halonectria appendiculata (marine fungus) Hall, K.J. 1:278 (in species list) 1: 54, 55, 56, 57, 126(376) (water quality in lower Fraser River re nutrients, bacteria Halosaccion gladiforme (brown alga) & pollution) 3:104 (pollution indicator species) :222 (in species list) Halladay, D.R. 6: 92 (intertidal distribution; abundance; habitat) 1:128(432) (soil types of Fraser River delta dyked areas) Halosphaeria (marine fungi) :157, 161(444) (ducks of river mouth & their feed 1:278 [H. mediosetigera; H. tubulifera (in species preferences) list)) :163(348, 444, 461) (migrating & wintering shorebird populations of delta) Halosynda brevisetosa (errant polychaete) :164(444) (types & feed of wintering gulls at 4:191 (in species list) Vancouver International Airport) :166(444) (Point Grey & Stanley Park herons & Hal stead, E.C their feed) 4: 14(269) (location & extent of Cowichan Ice Tongue) :168(444) (voles as important prey of delta : 19(269) (re dating of Cowichan Ice Tongue) raptorial birds) : 20(269) (summary of late Pleistocene events) :170(444) (food habits of Sea Island pheasants) : 47(269) (Cowichan river winter runoff) :17l(444) (field mice as food of Sea Island :136(269) (urban water supply) raptorial birds) :IBO:(269) (surficial geology of Duncan & :233, 237(348, 444, 461); 4:IB0:(302) (Fraser Shawnigan map areas) River foreshore & delta importance for 5: 13(228) (surficial geology of Nanaimo region) consumptive & non-consumptive : 14(228) (sea-level during Fraser Glaciation) recreational aspects of delta wildlife : 38(236) (groundwater potential of surficial resources) deposits in Nanaimo region) :299-300, 318(432, 444) (birds of delta region) :IB0:(228) (Nanaimo-Victoria coastal lowland :IBO:(444) (Woodward, Duck & Barber Island hydrogeology) co-operative wildlife management :(228) (re groundwater resources) proposal) 6:116(278) (temperature of Lakelse Hot Springs) :(444); 2:IBO:(314) (standard procedures for :IB0:(258) (Canadian mineral & thermal waters) waterfowl population & habitat surveys) :(444, 461); 2:IB0:(314); 4:IB0:(302) (migra Halticidae (hymenopterids) tory bird wetland preservation & 1:267 (in species list) management proposal & program, B.C.) Hamilton, R.E. Hallam, R. 5:142(281) (biological impact of low summer flows) 1: 84(401) (invertebrates in dredge sample from :IB0:(259) (water requirements for Nanaimo River near Steveston fish processing plants) fisheries resources) 3: 33(318) (fresh water quality of the Skeena drainage system) Haminoea vesicula (gastropod) : 65(338) (benthic invertebrate tolerance to 2:191; 4:195; 5:166, 169 (in species list) environmental pollution) :102(366) (algal species in Cronin Creek) Hancock, D.A. :168(389) (Cronin mine problems & solutions) 2:IBO:(315); 3:IB0:(373) (adventure with eagles) 3:109(366) (vegetation of coastal western hemlock biogeoclimatic zone) 113. Han Har

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Hancock, D.A. (cont'd) Harding, E.A. 3:121(373) (characteristic birds of the coastal 4:IB0:(292) (Chemainus River stream survey) western hemlock zone) Harding, K.F. Hannaea araus (diatom) 3:IBO:(350) (re development of Skeena area) 3:102 (Cronin Creek populations) :221 (in species list) Hardness, of water 1: 57, 58 (values in estuary waters) Hansen, G. :255-257 (routine determination locations in 1:IB0:(477) (log storage & rafting in public waters) river basin waters, re water quality) 3: 33 (total calcium & magnesium values re Cronin Hansen, H.A. Creek) 1:IBO:(449) (cackling goose migration &management) 3:IB0:(372) (Canada geese of coastal Alaska) Hardwick, W.G. :(374) (trumpter swans in Alaska) 1:IB0:(461) (changing logginggmg & sawmill sites in coastal B.C) Hanson, D.V. 1:IB0:(348) (new dimensions in estuary classifica Hardy, A.C tion) 1:IBO:(401) (plankton community, whale fisheries, & animal exclusion hypothesis, in Hanson, G. South Georgia whaling grounds) 3:IBO:(308) (reconnaissance between Kitsault River, Skeena River, Stewart, Prince Rupert, Hardy, G.A. Burns Lake, Zymoetz River, Bear River 1:IB0:(437) (guide to B.C. common edible plants) & Cassiar) :(308) (Bear River, delta B.C., re Pleistocene Hardy, R. M. & recent glaciation) 6: 14(256) (depth & composition of sedimentary deposits underlying Kitimat smelter Hapalogaster mertensii (decapod) site) 4:200 (in species list) :IBO:(276) (foundation investigation re Kitimat smelter) Hapalosiphin sp. (algae, unspecified) 1:143 (in bog water) Hardy, R.M. and Associates Limited 4: 29(269) (soil profile, grain size, Atterberg Haplophragmoides neobradyi limit & moisture content analysis) 1:258 (in species list) Hare Haploscoloploa (polychaetes) snowshoe (see Lepus amerioanus washingtoni) 1:263 [H. sp. (in species list)) 4:192 [H. elongata (in species list)) Harebell (see Campanula rotundifolia)

Harapiak, J.T. Harger, R.J.E. 4:IBO:(269) (profile &chemical characteristics of 1:IBO:(401) (competitive co-existence among inter fertilized forest soils) tidal invertebrates) 2:158(285) (intertidal iron concentrations) Harbo, R.M. :160(305) (limited biota located in vicinity of 6: 41(263) (re fluoride distribution in Kitimat Britannia mine) Arm) :IBO:(331) (the mining industry & environmental :144(283) (fluoride in concentration comparison control in B.C.) re Howe Sound & Kitimat Arm/Douglas :(331) (structural responses in marine com Channel region) munities to Kraft pulp mill effluent) :IBO:(263) (fluoride concentration in two Pacific Coast inlets—indicative of industrial Harling, W.R. contamination) 1:IBO:(382, 385); 2:IB0:(270, 273) (Strait of Georgia oceanographic data records) Hard Fern (see Bleohnum spioant) 3:IBO:(327) (coastal seaways project oceanographic data record) Hardeum jubata :(350, 369) (G.B. Reed groundfish cruise) 4: 23 (Chemainus salt marsh vegetation) Harmac Pulp Mill Hardhack 5: xv, xxvii, 120, 139 (establishment) meadowsweet [see Spiraea douglasii) :xvi, 37, 38, 142 (water supply) unspecified (see Spiraea sp.) :xxviii (re log storage & water quality) :xxix (re air pollution) : 42 (effluent disposal site characteristics) Harding, D.R. :120, 138, 139 (location; mill capacity; produc 3:IB0:(350) (Nanika-Morice sockeye salmon popula tion status & trends, employment, with tion status & the Moricetown native respect to regional economics) food fishery) :136 (effluent monitoring stipulations) .-(350) (meristic characteristics of salmon & :138, 238 (sewage; process effluent treatment & steelhead trout captured at Morice disposal systems; facilities & procedures) town Falls) :139, 140, 141(253) (ecological monitoring pro grams & preliminary results) 114. Har Har

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Harmac Pulp Mill (cont'd) 2:114(315) (Mamquam Channel log booms deter 5:140 (oceanographic studies—purposes, procedures waterfowl) & results) :122(315) (bald eagles [Haliaeetus leucooephalus) :142 (fibre bed—size, location, sediment composi provides a focus for naturalist field tion & decomposition;gas volumes) tri ps) :142, 155 (water usage; flow regulations with :123(315) (grouse frequent alder bottom lands of respect to regional fishery needs) Squamish estuary) :147-150 (air pollutants; environmental impact :126(315) (beaver [Castor canadensis) & mink & effects; background levels) [Mustela vision) located in old river :150 (pollution control permits; Acts & enforcing channel of estuary) agencies) :IB0 (248) ; 3:IB0:(298) (River estuaries—our :IBO:(242, 243, 249, 252, 253, 261, 263, 264, 279, responsibilities) 281) (survey) (249) ; 3:IB0:(299);4:IB0:(264, 283, 302) :(243)(current observations) (human impact on estuarine habitat) :(279) (foam control ;effluent dispersion (306) ; 5:IBO:(262)(eelgrass status in 1953) facilities) 4:107(297) (eelgrass habitat, distribution & abundance) Harmothoe (errant polychaete) 3:199; 4:191 [H. lunulata (in species list)) Harris, R.G. 4:191 [H. extenuata &H. imbricata (in species list)) 1:IB0:(384) (oceanographic effects of surface 6:188 [H. sp. (in species list)) winds over Puget Sound)

Harpacticoid sp. (harpacticoid copepod) Harris, R.P. 2:199 (in species list) 4:IBO:(283) (role of organic debris & associated 3: 16 (planktonic components) micro-organisms in pelagic estuarine :213 (nauplii; cbpepodites (in species list)) food chains)

Karpacticoida (see also Copepoda; also species Harrison, A.S. reference hereunder; Harpacticoid sp). 2:IB0:(309) (Saanich Peninsula flora) 1: 82 (Sturgeon & Roberts Banks) 4:114(300); 5:101(265) (Saanich Peninsula :227 (salinity tolerance of) plant species) :228 (preference for anaerobic conditions) :273 (list of 4 genera with species) Harrison, M.C :IB0:(401)(distribution factors operating in Mud 4:102(294) (recreational boating in Strait of Bay) Georgia) 2:193; 3:207, 213 (in species list) :209(294) (estimated participation in recreational 5: 69 (re estuarine food web studies) boating by Duncan-Gulf Island & Lady : 77 (re chum salmon) smith residents) :136(308) (resident boating in Georgia Strait) Harpactiou8 (harpacticoid copepods) 5: 89, 132, 194(259, 275) (recreational boating 1:273 [H. uniremu8 (in species list)) activity) 2: 81 (as food of fish) :193 [H. sp. (in species list)) Harrison, P.J. 5: 96(263) (eelgrass importance) Harpaoticus uniremis (copepod) :IB0:(263); 6:IB0:(271) (chemical changes during 5:xxv (importance in Nanaimo estuary food web) seasonal growth & decay cycle of : 69 (habitat; as salmonid food resource) eelgrass) 6: 95(271) (detrital contribution of eelgrass to Harrington, R. estuarine food web) 6:IBO:(253) (eulachon & the B.C. grease trails) Harrison River Harris, J.W.E. 1:103 (pink salmon spawning) 1:IBO:(355) (indices to satellite & aerial photos 104 (chum salmon spawning) of B.C.) 105 (chinook salmon spawning) 254 (sediment load & types at, near hotsprings) Harris, M.D. 4:IB0:(307) (Cowichan Indian history & folklore) Harry, K.F. 1:IBO:(370) (northwest wind development at Harris, R.D. Vancouver) 1: 2(348) (area of estuarine influence, Fraser :(370) (Vancouver climate) River delta) :163(348, 444, 461) (migrating & wintering shore- Hart, J.F.L. bird populations of delta) 3:IB0:(336) (king crab [Paralithodes amtschatica & :233, 237(348, 444, 461) (river delta & foreshores Lithodes aequiepina) recorded in B.C.) importance for consumptive & non- 5:IB0:(252) (Cumacea of Vancouver Island) consumptive recreational aspects of :(252) (southeastern Vancouver Island delta wildlife resources) decapods) :IBO:(445) (lower mainland salt marshes value to waterfowl & recreation) Hart, J.L. :(461)(proposed acquisition of all tidal 1:109(416) (Fraser River eulachon biology) marshes seaward of Lulu Island) :110(416) (Fraser River longfin & surf smelt :(461) (Lulu Island foreshore proposed for biology) wildlife & recreation) 115. Har Hea

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Hart , J.L. (cont'd.) Hatter, J. 1:IB0:(416);2:IB0:(296);3:IB0:(350)(B.C.pilchard 5:126(273)(rewildlifemanagement) fishery) :126(273)(fisheries& wildlifestatistics) :(416);2:IB0:(296);3:IB0:(350)(lingcod 151(284)(estuarineimportanceto fish& migration) wildlife resources) :(416);2:IBO:(296);3:IBO:(350)(Pacific :IB0:(268)(sportfish& wildlifevaluesin fishes of Canada) Nanaimoestuary& tributaries) :(416);2:IB0:(296);3:IB0:(350)(fishery wealth of B.C.] Hawk :(422);2:IB0:(299);3::IB0:(356)(B.C. fishery Cooper's (see_Acoipiter oooperii) resources) marsh [§ee_Circus oyaneus) IB0:(296); 3:IB0:(350);4: 98(293);6:IB0:(268) pigeon (see^Falco oolumbarius) (smelts) red-tailed (see Buteo jamaioensis) 86(350)(migrationof surf smelt [Hypomesus pretiosus)) sharp-shinned (§ee_Acoipiter etriatus) sparrow (see Falco sparverius) 86(350)(SkeenaRivereulachon[Thaleiohthys paoifious)) Swainson's (see Buteo swainsoni) Goshawk) 86(350)(downstreameulachonmigration) (see_also_ 87(350)(spawninghabitsof thecapelin [Mallotus villosus)) Hawkweed 92(350)(SkeenaRiversmeltfishery-extent of) white flowered (seeHieracium albiflorum) 99(350)(natureof nativefoodfishery) (see Hieracium praelatum 97(293) flatfishspecies) deoipiens) 98(293)(gobies) IBO:(293)(vertebralnumbers in young B.C. Hawthorn herring) black or Douglas (seeCrataegus douglasii) 83(258) (threespinesticklebackas food of (seeCrataegus monogyna) Americanmerganser) 84(258)(herringdiet) Hay 82(268)(seasonof pinksalmonfryemergence) 1:136(grownon Sea Island)

Hartman, F.E. Hay, D. 2:IB0:(315)(black duck estuarinewintering 1:IBO:(380)(field& modelstudieson a Fraser habitat) Riversituationproblem) :(384);2:IB0:(272)(B.C.coastalprocesses Hartman, G.F. & case histories) 1:114(417)(starryflounderrecordedin Salmon River) Hay, R.B. :IBO:(416,417); 2:IBO:(296)(roleof temperature 6: 92(271 (re deltaic flora) & behaviour in ecology & interaction : 93(271 (vegetation types on Kitimat River ofunderyearlingcohosalmon& estuary) steelhead trout) : 96(271 (terrestrialfloraof KitimatValley) :(417);2: 91(296) (distributionsof juvenile : 97(271 (land unitsof lower KitimatRiver steelhead[Salmo gairdneri) & cutthroat Valley) trout [Salmo clarki clarki) in south :103(273 (estuarinedistribution& abundanceof western B.C. streams) birds) 104(273 (geesesightings) Harvey, H.H. 105(273 (divingducksightings) 1:108(417)(factorsaffecting lake exit of various 106(273 (gullsightings) sockeye salmon races in Fraser River 108(273 (ravens,crows& jays) system) 109(273(regionalsmallmammals) 111(273 (statusof gamebirdpopulations) Harvey, N. 212(276 (regionalbirdspecies) 1:IB0:(445)(animals& tracks of RichmondNature 217(276 (regionalmammalianspecies) Park, Fraser River delta) Hayes, G.W. Harvey, R.A.L. 1:IB0:(361)(sub-soilof Universityof British 1:104(428)(chum salmon migration patterns in Columbia) Fraser River) 2: 91(303) (durationof chum salmon migrationfrom Haylock, M.P. Johnstone Strait to Cheakamus - 1:IB0:(395)(ophiuroidsof B.C.) SquamishRiverspawninggrounds) 2: 67(280)(brittlestars(ophiuroidea)in 4: 90(296) (chum salmon migration from Johnstone coastal B.C. waters) Strait to Chemainus & Cowichan spawning ground) Heal-all (see Prunella vulgaris)

Haslam Creek Healey, M. 5:IB0:(258,280) (fish abundance,size & sampling 5: 44(241)(currentstudies) techniques) :160(24l)(distribution& abundanceof young salmon in Nanaimo area) Hastaperla (greenstonefly) 6:184 [H. brevis; H. sp. (in specieslist)) Heard, D.C 5:111,160(268)(socialbehavior& ecologyof Vancouver Island marmot) 116. Hea Hen

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Heart-leaved Twayblade (see Listera cordata) Helizoa (protozoan) 5:255 (B.C.) Heath, W.A. 1: 82, 148(396) (invertebrates & chlorophyll a Hemens, J. baseline study of Roberts & Sturgeon 6:144(283) (possible toxic effects of fluoride on banks) estuarine organisms) : 90(403) (lona Island sewage treatment plant effluent probable cause of contamina Hemidinium oohraceum (dinoflagellate) tion of mud flats) 1:261 (in species list) : 92(403) (meager benthos population of lona Island tidal flats) Hemigrapsus :IBO:(401) (some factors influencing distribution 1: 88 (in Boundary Bay) of harpacticoid copepods in Mud Bay) : 91 (H. oregonensis (shore crab) in Sturgeon 4:145(311) (analysis of selected invertebrates Bank tidal marsh) for heavy metal & polychlorinated :IB0:(402); 2:IB0:(287); 3:IB0:(339) (factors biphenyls contamination) affecting H. nudus & H. oregonensis distribution & abundance) Heaths (see Ericaceae) 2:193; 3:208; 4:200; 5:170 (H. nudus &H. oregonen sis (in species list)) Hecate Strait 3: 68, 157 (noted in Porpoise Harbour) 3: xx (receives fresh water from Skeena River) : 70 (pollution tolerance) : 40(323) (oceanographic studies) : 71 (abundance) :IBO:(303) (archaeological investigations) :208 (H. sp. (in species list)) (312) (publication re) 4: 76, 78 (abundance of H. nudus & H. oregonensis (315, 322) (wind effects) Stuart Channel, Chemainus delta) (323) (oxygen concentration; waves) 5: 70 (estuarine habitat & abundance of H. oregon (323, 327, 328, 331) (currents) ensis ) (323, 329J(model design & capabilities) :167; 6:191 (in species list) (327, 352) (re Parophrys vetulus) 6: 70 (intertidal species) (328) (project; physical & chemical data) (346) (butter sole stocks) Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (red Irish lord) (354) (salmon fishery) 2:201 (in species list) (362) (re Gadus macrooephalus) (362) (groundfish operations) Hemipodus (polychaete) (397); 6:IB0:(257) (map) 1: 9 , 91, 262 (H. borealis of Sturgeon Bank) 4:191; 5:166; 6:188 (H. borealis (in species list)) Hector, J. 5: 8(228) (re Nanaimo area geology) Hemiptera (bugs) (see also Bugs; also family list reference hereunder) Hedlin, Menzies & Associates, Limited 1: 83 (larvae in river near Mission) 1:173, 177, 179(445) (current & estimated future : 92 (role in Shady Island ecosystem) numbers of waterfowl hunters on lower :266; 3:206; 4:187; 6:185 (in species list) B.C. mainland & their input into the 3: 64, 65 (found occasionally in Lakelse Lake & regional economy) Babine Lake) 2:IBO:(332) (the impact of coal mining operations 4: 71 (consumed by trout) at Kaiser Resources Limited on the Canadian economy) 3:175(299, 382) (cargo volume & port expansion Hemithyris psittaoea projections) 2:188 (in species list)

Heinle, D.R. Hemitomes congesturn (heath) 4:IB0:(283) (role of organic debris & associated 6:204 (in species list) micro-organisms in pelagic estuarine food chains) Hemlock (see Tsuga heterophylla)

Heizer, S.R. Hemlock Parsley (see Conioselinum pacifioum) 4: 89(291) (rearing & wintering areas of coho salmon) Hemmerick, G.M. :IBO:(293) (Strait of Georgia & Johnstone 5:IB0:(234) (frost data) Strait chinook & coho salmon tagging & recovery studies) Hemorodromia sp. (dance fly, unspecified) 6:187 (in species list) Heleidae (see Ceratopogonidae) Henderson, I.F. Helianthus annuus (sunflower) 2:IB0:(249) (biological dictionary) 1:283 (in species list) Henderson, W.D. Heliotropium curassavioum (seaside heliotrope) 2:IBO:(249) (biological dictionary) 4:213 (in species list) Hendigia oalifomica (echinoderm) Helisoma trivolvis (gastropod) 1:269 (in species list) 4:186 (in species list) 117 Hie Hen SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Hesperiphona vespertina (evening grosbeak) Henrioia leviusoula 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:195; 4:202 (in species list) 2:215; 3:241; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species Henrioia sp. (starfish, unspecified) list) 3:209 (in species list) Hesperonoe sp. (polychaeta, unspecified) 3:199 (in species list) Henry, J.K. 1:IB0:(432) (flora of southern B.C. &Vancouver Heterocladium heteropteroides Island) 3:224 (in species list) Henry, K.A. , ^ . 1:107, 108(417) (timing &pattern of mature sockeye Heterocladium maoouni salmon migration into &within Fraser 3:224 (in species list) River) Heterocladium proourrens 3:224 (in species list) Henry, R.F. 4: 67(279) (wind driven surface currents) 5: 43(241) (three dimensional circulation under Heterocope aeptentrionalis (calanoid copepod) variable wind stress) 3:212 (in species list) : 66(241) (re upwelling in Departure Bay) : 67(241) (surface temperature variations) Heterocope sp. (copepod, unspecified) 3:212 (in species list) Heptacay8U8 ...... Heterodontida (see Bankia; Clinocardium; Crassostrea; 4:199 (H. paludicola; H. sp. (in species list)) Gari; Hiatella; Humilaria; Maooma; Mya; Penitella; Heptageniidae (stream mayflies) Protothaca; Saxidomus; Sohizothoerus; Solen; 3:205; 6:184 (in species list) Venerupis) Heracleum lanatum (cow parsnip) Heterophoxus oculatus (crustacean) 1:283; 5:182; 6:210 (in species list) 3:206 (in species list) 6: 98 (species associations) Heteroscelus incanus (wandering tattler) 3:237; 5:187 (in species list) Herbicides .. 1:200, 210 (potential toxicants to organisms) Heterotri cha Herbivores (primary consumers) 5:249 (B.C. occurrences) 2:129 (food resources of) Heuohera micrantha (small-flower alumroot) 3:229 (in species list) Heritage, G.D. 3: 77(338) (Prince Rupert shrimp fishery) Hexactinellida (glass sponges) (see Aphrocallistes; Chonelasma; Rhabdocalyptus) Kerlinveaux, R.H. 1-IB0:(384, 385); 2:IB0:(272, 273) (oceanographic 2:159 (Britannia Beach inhabitants) features of Strait of Georgia & Juan 4:189 (in species list) de Fuca Strait) 3:IBO:(325, 326, 327) (three oceanographic data Hexagrammidae (see Hexagrammos; Ophiodon) records) :(326) (time series T/S data) Hexagrammos decagrammus (kelp greening) 4: 56(280) (temperature, salinity &surface current 3:216; 5:173 (in species list) observations) . : 57(279) (Saanich Inlet seasonal characteristics) Hexagrammos lagocephalus (rock greenling) : 57(280) (water movements over Saanich Inlet sill) 5:173 (in species list) Hexaqrammos stelleri (whitespotted greenling) Hermissenda orassicomis (gastropod) 1: 96 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near Fraser 4:195 (in species list) River mouth) . 2:201; 3:216; 4:206; 5:173 (in species list) Heron ,. , ,. . great blue (see Ardea herodias herodias) green (see Butorides virescens) Hexanchus griseus (sixgill shark) 1:275 (in species list) Herring .. Hiatella arotica Pacific (see Clupea harengus pallasi) 2:191; 5:167, 170 (in species list) Herrington, W.C ,.*•.•* 1:IBO:(427) (marking experiments re life history Hiatella gallicana of Pacific halibut) 2:191; 3:204 (in species list)

Hi c krndn A Hersey, L.R. ...,,. •* 1-IBO-(378) (carbon dioxide tensions of Fraser 1:IB0:(407) (problem of guiding downstream migrant River & its tributaries, also of salmon at dams) certain Columbia River tributaries) Heskin, B.A. 6:159(283) (overall emissions data for Alcan Smelter, Kitimat, B.C.) 118. Hie His

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Hickman, C.J. 4: 97 (juveniles inhabit Cowichan estuary) 4:IBO:(263) (biology dictionary) Hippoglossus stenolepis (Pacific halibut) Hicock, S.R. 1:275; 3:216; 6:195 (in species list) 6: 12(255) (location, composition, thickness & :IB0:(410); 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(345) (catch elevation of Pleistocene & Recent distribution) deposits) :(414, 427); 3:IBO:(361) (fishing effects) : 17(255) (Kitimat-Terrace sand &gravel resources) :(427); 3:IB0:(320, 362) (life history) :(427); 3:IB0:(362) (yield versus fishing Hieracium albiflorum (white-flowered hawkweed) intensity) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-salal-lichen associations) 3:xxiii (inhabits Skeena region) 6:202 (in species list) : 86, 135 (commercial fisheries importance) : 92 (history of fishery; yield; management; Hieracium praelatum decipiena (hawkweed) catch sizes; proportion of total B.C. 6:202 (in species list) catch; waste products - usage & disposal of) : 92; 6: 85 (harvest methods) Hierochloe odorata (Hollygrass) :149, 150 (pre-sale processing production methods; 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone marketable products; waste products - vegetation) usage & disposal of) :114 (grass-forb meadow components; headland flora) 6: 84 (estuarine abundance & harvest) :229; 6:204 (in species list) : 85 (fishery locations) : 89 (catch statistics) Higgins, R.J. 3: 79(350) (economic importance of salmon fishery) Hippolyte californien8i8 (malacostracan) : 80(350) (migration of sockeye salmon fry) 4:199 (in species list) : 81(350) (duration of pink salmon fry migration) : 81(350) (estuarine residence time of pink Hippolyte olarki (malacostracan) salmon) 5:170 (in species list) 82 (estuarine residence time of coho salmon) 82(350) (seaward migration of coho salmon) Hippuris vulgaris (mare's tail) 83(350) (residence time of chum &chinook salmon) 3:229 (in species list) 84(350) (re steelhead dynamics) 87(350) (longfin smelt (Spirinchus dilatus) Hirudinea (leeches) dynamics) 3: 64, 65 (occasionally found in Lakelse & Babine 88(350) (estuarine species list) lakes) 106(366) (Flora Bank re fish rearing) :202; 4:185 (in species list) 177(299) (interrelationships between fish species & their estuarine habitats) Hirundinidae (swallows) 6: 41(263) (future development with respect to 2:124 (sightings; nest sights) estuarine ecology) :214 (in species list) 72(266) (re juvenile salmon diet analysis) 6:108 (seasonal abundance) 74(266) (re fish feeding habits) 78, 82(269) (downstream enumeration & tagging Hirundo rustioa (barn swallow) project analysis) 2:214; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) :175 (continuing research) :IBO:(283) (biological studies conducted in Histrionious histrionious (harlequin duck) Kitimat River estuary) 1:162, 298 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) Hills, G. 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) 1:IB0:(461) (ecological basis for land-use planning) 4:117 (distribution; wintering & nesting grounds) 5:106 (estuarine abundance) Hinnites (bivalve) 6:104, 105 (sightings; estuarine residency; species 2:191 (H. multirugosu8 (in species list)) distribution) 4:196 (H. giganteus (in species list)) History Hinton, B.R. and Associates Limited 1: 5 (white colonists' influx effect on Salish 3:166(390) (summary of effects of oil pollution on Indians of Fraser River delta) the environment) :181, 184 (agricultural & urban development of :167(390) (port selection on basis of oil spill Fraser Valley area) probability) 2: xx (re Squamish land use) :182(299) (conclusions) : 48 (re Howe Sound oceanography) :IBO:(299) (special environmental consideration : 66 (re benthic studies) re climate, noise & pollution impact) :IBO:(268) (streamflow data) 6:165, 168(283) (feasibility & siting study re 3:IBO:(295) (re Terrace) proposed steel mi 11) (299) (re Houston, B.C.) :174 (information source) (299) (of B.C.) :IB0:(283) (marine environmental report) (300) (of Gitwangag-Kitwanga region) (302) (Skeena River) Hippasteria spinosa : 13, 14 (of Cowichan-Chemainus geological 2:195 (in species list) investigations) :IB0:(305) (B.C. logging) Hippoglossoides elas8odon (flathead sole) 1:275; 3:216; 4:207; 5:173 (in species list) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 119. Hit Hoi

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Hitchcock, CL. Holland, J.D.C l:IBO:(433) (five reports on Pacific northwest 6(253) (historic Kitimat logging operations) vascular plants) 127(276) (re logging) 6:IB0:(271) (illustrated manual re Pacific north IBO:(284) (provisional environmental quality west flora) objectives)

Hitz, CR. Holland, R.E. 3:IBO:(350) (bottom trawling exploration off 1:IB0:(477) (Vancouver Harbour area pollution Washington & B.C. coasts) problems)

Hoadley, J.W. Holland, S.S. 3:IB0:(3O9) (Skeena River district regional & 1:IB0:(361); 2:IB0:(257) (physiographic outline economic geology) of B.C. land forms) 2:139(324) (B.C. fiords as a scenic resource) Hoar, W.S. 4: 14(269) (Georgia Depression & Nanaimo Lowland) 1:IB0:(415); 2:IB0:(295) (B.C. resource-use : 18(269) (Pleistocene glaciation in Nanaimo problems) Lowlands) :(417); 2:IB0:(296) (chum & pink salmon 5: 8(228) (description of Nanaimo lowland area) fisheries in B.C.) 6: 8(256) (geological location of the Kitimat :(417); 2:IB0:(296) (power development & River system & estuary) fish conservation on Fraser River) Holland, W.D. Hobson, K.D. 1:128(366) (fluctuating water table mottles soil 4:IBO:(284) (Washington & B.C. benthic errant of some Fraser River delta dyked areas polychaetes) with iron stains)

Hocking, D. Holler, A.M. 6:161(284) (fluoride content in vegetation & soil 3:IB0:(327) (Monitor & coastal projects samples) oceanographic data record) :175 (continuing research) Hollett, E.L. Hocking, M.B. 3:IB0:(351) (Dixon Entrance & Hecate Strait 6:161(284) (fluoride content in vegetation & soil salmon tagging summary) samples) :175 (continuing research) Hollister, H.J. 1:IBO:(382, 385) (oceanographic features & data Hodge, G. records of Strait of Georgia) 1:IBO:(462) (role of jobs, people & transportation 2:IB0:(270); 3:IB0:(324) (two oceanographic records in metropolitan physical development) based on Monitor project) 5:IBO:(273) (parking supply & demand in downtown :(273) (three oceanographic records concerning Nanaimo) coastal & seaways projects) 3: 39(325, 326); 5: 40(242) (seawater observations) Hodge, R.A.L. :IBO:(326) (observations from B.C. shore seawater 1: 24(361) (movement of beach materials, south & temperature stations) side of Tsawwassen causeway) :(327) (five oceanographic records re coastal, seaways & Monitor projects) Hodgins, D.O. 5: 40(242) (Gabriola Island seawater observations) 1: 61, 62(380) (hydrodynamic model) : 54(242) (Nanaimo Harbour-Departure Bay seawater 2:IB0:(265) (computer studies of estuary water observations) quality) :IB0:(240, 242) (nine B.C. shore station observa tion reports re seawater temperature & Hodson, K. salinity) 1:167(445) (hawks & owls most often seen on Fraser :(241) (six B.C. coastal reports re seawater River delta) temperature & salinity observations) :168(445) (voles as feed of delta raptorial birds) :(241) (classification of coastal & shore, monthly & daily seawater temperature Holbek, N.E. & salinity observations) 1:IB0:(361) (Oyster River & Mud Bay soil salinity :(241) (graphs of coastal seawater temperature investigations, B.C.) & salinity observations)

Holcu8 lanatus (Yorkshire fog; velvet grass) Holly 1:131 (in woodland) Ameri can (see Ilex opaca) :135 (on jetties) (see Ilex aquifolium) :141 (on Westham Island roadsides & in Ladner marshes) Hollygrass (see Hierochloe odorata) 3:229; 4:212; 5:182, 183 (in species list) Hollyhock Holland marsh (see Sidaloea hendersonii) 6: 4(253) (Indian legendary history) Hoiman, N. Holland, G.A. 6:175 (continuing research) 1:IBO:(417) (migration, composition, exploitation & abundance of odd-year pink salmon in Fraser River). 120. Hoi Hoo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Holman, W.N. 2:title page (co-author of that report on the 2:IBO:(332) (Pacific region mine effluent Squamish River estuary) chemistry & acute toxicity survey) : 5(249, 257) (problems of preservation versus 3: 38(318) (Ridley Island & Chatham Sound oxygen development) levels) : 21(249, 257); 3: 48(326) (infiltration of salt :159(390) (Porpoise Harbour oxygen profile) water wedge) : 26(263) (estuary experiences continental Holmberg, D.M. influences) 3: 91(348) (history of Butterworth-Warrior Rocks : 36(263) (humidity; evaporation regimes & other trawl fishery) climatological parameters) :IBO:(348) (summary re B.C. trawl fishery) : 37(263) (mixing regimes in Howe Sound area) :(351) (B.C. trawl fishery catch &effort : 43(266) (silt deposition) statistics) : 51(272) (upwelling) :(353, 363) (B.C. landings of trawl-caught : 58(272); 3: 31, 53(318, 326) (turbidity- groundfish by month, by major & minor settling of suspended material; statistical areas & total hours of comparison; of rivers) effort by month & major area) : 84(278) (delta as nursery, food resource & :(353) (Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) protection from predators) trawl fishery catch statistics) : 84(278) (reference source) : 94(296); 4: 99(264) (B.C. commercial fishery) Holodiacu8 diacolor (ocean spray) :100(306) (general information on freshwater 1:131 (in woodland) phytoplankton) 4:214; 5:182, 183 (in species list) :112(315) (waterfowl habitat requirements) 5:100.(habitat; forest associations) :114(315) (dabbling duck food preferences) :128(315) (definitions—food web related terms) Holo8ynda brevisetosa (polychaeta) :143(332) (sewage discharge re aesthetics, water 3:199 (in species list) quality, biotic response & environ mental impact) Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) (see also Chiridota; :154(332) (general effects of low oxygen, high Cucumaria; Eupentaota; Molpadia; Padina; suspended solids, pH & temperature Para8tichopua; Pentconera; Psolua) changes) 1: 93 (large standing stock in subtidal waters off :176(249) (Skeena River as an alternate site for estuary) construction of deep-sea, coal handl :269; 2:195; 3:209; 4:201 (in species list) ing facility) :271 (unidentified species) :178(324) (recreational potential of the delta) 2:160 (in Britannia Beach vicinity) 3:title page (author of that report on the Skeena 3: 69 (locations of) River estuary) : 70 (pollution tolerance) : 12(309) (estuarine geology & associated species) : 17(316) (comparison of estuarine climates) Homoptera (aphids) (see Cicadellidae; Aphidae) : 43(326) (nature of tidal flats) : 44(326) (runoff variations) Honeysuckle : 48(326) (skeena River mixing regimes) hairy (see Lonicera hispidula) : 52(326) (river temperature) orange (see_ Lonicera oilosa) : 79(35l) (salmon production) (see Lonicera involuorata) : 81(351) (re Fraser River sockeye migrations) : 84(35l) (juvenile steelhead trout) Honkenya peploidee (sea purslane) : 87(35l) (long-fin smelt (Spirinohus dilatus)) 114 (salt resistance) :101(367) (vegetation & the ecosystem) 114; 6: 95 (habitat) :110(367) (rocky shore vegetation) 115 (lower beach flora) :125(374) (recreation & wildlife) 230; 6:201 (in species list) 3:129(382) (changing patterns of land usage) 95 (abundance) :145(390) (nature of pollution) :155(390) (Squamish estuary re pulp mill wastes Hood, D.W. & their environment effects) 1:IBO:(377) (ecological implications of clay-metal :164(390) (terrestrial & aquatic ramifications associations in aquatic environments) of logging, log handling & log storage practices) Hookeria lucens :165(390) (detrimental effects of marinas re 3:224 (in species list) Squamish River estuary) :170(390) (problems associated with mining & Hooker's Fairy Bell (see Disporum oreganum) cement manufacturing) :176(299) (re bulk loading facility) Hooker's Wi11ow (see Salix hookeriana) :184(299) (importance of regional fishery) 4: 78(264) (deltaic biomass & productivity) Hoos, L.M. (see also Packman, G.A.) : 79(264) (estuarine plankton) l:title page (co-author of that report on the :107(298) (estuarine & mudflat ecology) Fraser River estuary) :117(303) (waterfowl) :226, 229, 231(393) (factors affecting species :125(302, 303) (recreational value of wildlife) diversification of benthic organisms :150(264) (general environmental effects of pulp in the Fraser River estuary) mill wastes) :160(264) (effects of dyking on river & estuarine characteristics) 121 Hoo How SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Hoos, L.M. (cont'd) Horned Pondweed (see Zanniohellia palustris) 4:IBO:(264, 273, 298) (Skeena River estuary) :(274) (Fraser &Squamish River estuaries) 5:128(273) (re log booming &log storage) Hornwort (see Ceratophyllum demersum) :IBO:(234, 235) (Fraser, Skeena & Squamish Horseflies (see Tabanidae) estuary reports) 6: 20(260) (re "Squamish" winds) Horsetail common (see Equisetum arvense) Hoos, R.A.W. marsh (see Equisetum palustre) 2:IB0:(332) (Pacific region mine effluent chemistry swamp (see Equisetum fluviatile) & acute toxicity survey) unspecified (see Equisetum sp.) (see Equisetum hiemale) Hooton, R.S. (see Equisetum limoaum) 4: 48(277) (Koksilah River hydrology) : 49(276) (Chemainus River substrate &suitability Horseweed (see Erigeron oompositus) for salmon spawning) :100(293) (commercial value of Cowichan-Koksilah Horsewood (see Conyza canadensis) salmon stocks) :103(293) (size of Cowichan River Indian food Horvath, 0. fishery) 2:123(315) (nesting ecology of birds of the :153(293) (effects of logging on Cowichan & coastal western hemlock zone) Chemainus fish production) :IBO:(277, 303, 308, 314) (conservation of fish Hosie, R.C & wildlife on the Cowichan-Koksilah 1:IBO:(433) (Canadian native trees) flood plain) :(307) (Chemainus Dam issue) Hound's Tongue (see Cryptantha ambigua) 5: 83(258) (Nanaimo River Dolly Varden) :143(281) (geological &biological impacts of Hourston, A.S. logging) 1:IB0:(417); 2:IB0:(296) (relative abundances of juvenile herring in Strait of Georgia) Hope :(417) (migration, composition, exploitation 1: 49-51, 57, 252, 256 (river flow records) & abundance of odd-year pink salmon : 52, 57 (river temperature) runs in Fraser River) :102, 103, 104 (fish & spawning in river mainstem) :(417); 2:IBO:(297) (intensity of herring :254 (river sediment load & types at) spawnings in B.C.) :256, 257 (river water quality parameters measurements) Hourston, W.R. :339 (permit applications for domestic 1:IBO:(412); 2:IBO:(293) (fisheries problems effluent dischargers: amount, biological related to major industrial projects oxygen demand, total suspended on the Pacific coast) solids) :(417); 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(351) (use of an artifical spawning channel by salmon) Hopkins, W.S. 3:IBO:(249)(effects of a rock slide on Babine 3:IBO:(312) (palynology of some Late Cretaceous River salmon) & Early Tertiary deposits in B.C. & :(351) (Moricetown biological survey) Alberta) Housing (see also Land use; Urban development) Hordeum braohyantherum (meadow or sea barley) 1:184-186 (land ownership, private housing versus 2:106 (habitat; distribution) apartments & condominiums, versus :207; 3:230 (in species list) industrial & other urban developments 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone on delta) vegetation) :114 (hairgrass-sedge zone component, headland, Houston Centennial '71 Committee flora) 3:IB0:(299) (Houston, B.C.)

Hordeum jubatum (foxtail barley) Houston Geological Society 1:135, 145 (in upper salt marsh & dyke communities 1:IB0:(348) (ancient & modern deltas of the of Boundary Bay) world) 4:108 (distribution & abundance in Chemainus salt marsh) Howard, G.V. 6:204 (in species list) 1:107(402) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye salmon migration into & within Fraser Hordeum sativum (barley) River) 1:283 (in species list) Howard, J.E. Hordeum sp. (barley, unspecified) 1:IBO:(377) (water quality survey of lower Fraser 4:212; 5:182 (in species list) River) :(483); 4:IBO:(337) (quantitative assay of Hordeum vulgare (barley) Kraft mill effluents which affects 1:135 (in delta pasture land) fish respiration)

Horncastle, G.S. Howard, T.E. 5:IB0:(258) (snorkel observations in Deadwood 2:154(332) (Kraft mill effluent toxicity Creek) reduction methods) 122. How Hun

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Howard, T.D. (cont'd.) Howie, F.G. 3:IBO:(390) (pollution & toxicity characteristics 2:139(324) (landscape analysis techniques) of Kraft pulp mill effluents) 3:IB0:(382) (visual landscape & resource inventories) Howay, F.W. 1:118, 119(418) (early history of sockeye salmon Hubbard, W. utilization in B.C.) 6: 91, 96(271) (Kitimat Valley vegetation) 2:IB0:(249) (B.C. from earliest times to present) : 92(271) (deltaic flora) :200(27l) (species list) Howe, CD. Western Limited 6: 15(256) (depth of estuarine silt beds) Hubbard, W.A. :174(276) (information source) 1:IB0:(433) (B.C. grasses)

Howe Sound Huckleberry 1: 72 (drift of Fraser River waters past mouth of) red (see Vacoinium parvifolium) : 79; 2:IB0:(336) (pollution monitoring) tall blue (see Vacoinium ovalifolium) :IB0:(474); 2:IB0:(247, 256, 305, 313, 322, 329) (environmental conditions) Hughes, B.A. 2: xi (recreational usage) 1:IB0:(383) (interaction of surface & internal : 1 (geography & dynamics) waves) : 4 (developmental chronology) : 6 (geological composition) Hughes, G.C : 10 (geological history of region) 1:148(433) (benthic marine wood-boring fungi from : 11 (effect of Pleistocene glaciation on current) Point Grey to Boundary Bay delta areas) topography) 2:100(306) (deltaic vegetation) : 11 (bottom topography) 3:IB0:(367); 5: 91(263) (occurrence & distribution : 11 (origin of inner & outer sills) of lingicolus, B.C. marine fungi) : 12 (elevation irregularities in) 4:107(298) (wood-boring marine fungi) : 13 (upper & lower basin topography) : 13 (outer sill physiography) Hughes, W.M. : 14 (composition & origin of hillicks & islands) 1:IBO:(445) (bird counts on & near Vancouver : 25 (composition, character & distribution of Airport) Squamish-Howe Sound Region soils) 47 (southern Howe Sound - typical fiord) Hulsemann, J. 47 (northern Howe Sound —atypical fiord) 1:229(392) (high hydrogen sulphide concentration 48 (effect of Squamish river on) effect same as oxygen loss on marine 48 (oceanographic history) benthos survival) 49 (asymetrical fresh water distribution) 2:IB0:(247, 278) (marine basin sediment, life & 50 (density & temperature dependent phenomena oc water relationships) curring in; re discharging river temperature) 51 (fresh water distribution in) Hum, S. 51 (surface circulation) 6:IBO:(284) (oil & chemical spill countermeasures 51; 2:IB0:(274, 275) (currents in) re Kitimat Arm, Douglas Channel & 138 (increased recreational demand for) contiguous waters) 139 (protection of scenic resources) 176, 178 (recreational usage) Humioola alopallonella (marine fungus) IBO:(252) (environmental impact studies) 1:278 (in species list) :(253, 267, 277, 310) (as a renewable resource 4:107 (abundance; classification) environment) 5: 91 (wood inhabiting marine fungi of Nanaimo (259) (marine geology; Horeshoe Bay petrology) region) (259, 262) (Gambier Island geology) (260) (submarine glacial geology) Humi di ty (261) (seismic profiling; benthic sediment 1: 33-34 (recording stations) correlation) : 42-43 (pattern) :(261, 275) (seismic profile interpretation; bathymetric map) Humilaria kennerleyi :(267, 322) (receiving water quality) 2:191 (in species list) :(269) (deep water exchange; oceanographic observations) Hummingbird [275, 309) (oceanography) Anna's (see Calypte anna) 277) (information source) calliope (see_ SteIlu la oaIHope) [279, 287, 333); 4:IB0:(315) (macroinverte- rufous (see Selasphorus rufus) brates; solid pollutants) :(286) (deep otter trawling) Humphries, R.D. :(322, 329) (land use re effluent discharge) 2:IB0:(297) (herring spawn abundance in coastal :(334, 335) (re effluent discharge permits) B.C. waters) :(336) (heavy metal monitoring) :(336) (mercury distribution) Huntec Limited :(339) (map) 6:IB0:(256) (re Kitimat seismic refraction study)

Howell-Jones, G. 1:IBO:(348) (a century's evolution of settlement patterns in lower B.C. mainland) 123. Hun Hyd

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Huntemania jadensis (harpacticoid copepod] 3: IBO (309) (Skeena River world aeronautical chart) 5: 69 (habitat; salmonid consumption) (312) (Coast Mountains project) (312) (plutonic & associated rocks in the Hunter, T. B.C. Coast Mountains) 1:IB0:(445) [B.C. wildlife) :(397) (Prince Rupert-Skeena)

Hunting Hutchinson, B. 1:138, 189(441) (Boundary Bay waterfowl) 1:IB0:(462) (Rivers of America -the Fraser) :m-177 (recreational, for wildfowl, including table of numbers of hunters on mainland Hutchinson, W.W. coast, 1950-1968) 2:IB0:(260) (B.C. Coast Mountain plutonic & :183 (delta acreage used for rearing game birds associated rocks) for) 6: 9(257) (geological mapping of Kitimat region) 189 (suggested development of areas for) :IB0:(256) (Prince Rupert & Skeena map-area) 217 (Pitt River flats) IBO :(350, 450, 451) (policies) Hyalella (amphipod) :(44l) (shooting records) 3:207 (H. sp. (in species list)) :(443) (frequented areas; season) 4:188 (H. azteoi (in species list)) :(447); 2:IB0:(316) (harvest within Pacific flyway) Hyalella azteca (freshwater amphipod) :(452) (localities) 4: 71 (habitat; abundance; diversity) 4:216 (distribution throughout season; conditions; species) Hyas lyratus 126 (re grouse) 2: 74 (habitat; abundance) 126; 5:113 (locations) :193 (in species list) 127 (re deer) IBO: (303) (wildlife & recreational economics) Hybognathus hankinsoni (brassy minnow) 109 (re upland game birds inhabiting Nanaimo 1:102 (in Fraser River tributaries & perhaps watershed) in mainstem) :112, 113 (composite & individual effort & catch statistics; season; re Nanaimo bylaws) Hybrid Sole (see Inopsetta isohrya) :112, 113; 6:111 (species harvested) :113 (regulations & results; success rates; Hyde, B. membership; activities; services; goals) 1:IBO:(480) (noise level effects on humans & :146 (re shot litter & wildlife lead poisoning) animals, re reopening Boundary Bay 6:111 (regional activities; organizations; airport) unharvested species; effect on local populations) Hyde, G.G. 1:202, 203, 204(480) (factors re decisions for Hurley, D.A. Vancouver area sewerage treatment 1:103(418) (factors affecting pink salmon abundance & disposal locations) in Fraser River estuary) 2:IBO:(297) (responses of young pink salmon to Hydracarina (mites) vertical temperature & salinity 1: 82 (excluded in Richmond sphagnum bogs) gradients) 3:205; 4:186; 6:183, 190 (in species list) 6: 70 (intertidal component) Hurme, A.K. 2:IBO:(249) (glossary of ecological terms for Hydraulic Models (see also Hydrology) coastal engineers) 1: 60-62 (capabilities of various types; for lower river valley; estuary; tidal effects; Hutchinson, A.H. salt wedge effects; sediment transport; 1: 78(384) (early oceanography of Fraser River etc.) estuary) :240 (ongoing research project) :148, 149(433, 434) (diatoms & other phytoplanktor :IB0: 379-381) (bibliography) abundance & distribution in Strait of :(380, 381) (estuarine water quality studies; Georgia off delta) re flood control; flow; sediment :IBO:(384); 2:IBO:(272) (seasonal variations in transport; Fraser River models) chemical & physical properties of 2:IBO:(265) (re Georgia-Juan de Fuca Strait—tidal Strait of Georgia waters re phyto system) plankton) :(384); 2:IBO:(272) (economic effect of Fraser Hydrocarbons (see also Methane; Oil and petrochemical River on Strait of Georgia waters) industry) :(384); 2:IBO:(272); 5:IB0:(263) (Strait of 1:246-251 (as atmospheric pollutants; industries Georgia epithalassa) emitting them; as atmospheric photo :(434); 2:IBO:(272) (oceanographic survey of chemical oxidants; effects of) Strait of Georgia) :250 (amounts released from solvents used in dry 3: 7(309) (general regional geology) cleaning & paint industry) : 8(309) (rock types located in Prince Rupert :IB0:(430); 6:IB0:(280) (chlorinated) & Skeena map-area) 2:167 (re slash burning) : 13(309) (geological composition of the lower :167; 3:171 (re sawmill emissions) Skeena River channels) :IBO:(309) (Prince Rupert east half & Terrace west half map areas) Hyd 124. Hyd

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Hydrocarbons, chlorinated (see Chlorinated hydro 2:IB0:(266) (data; re forest harvesting; ecology) carbons ; Polychl ori natedTTpheny1s) 3: xx (average Skeena River flow rate; spring freshet characteristics; estuarine flow Hydroids (see Hydrozoa) pattern) : 28 (peak flow periods) Hydrolagus aolliei (ratfish) : 31 (temperature extremes; winter freeze-up- 1:276; 2:201; 3:216 (in species list) locations & complications) 2: 86, 159 (Britannia Beach resident) :IB0:(318) (re Watson Island mill requirements) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 4:xix, 43; 5:xxii, 31; 6:xxiii, 1, 33 (drainage area & flow characteristics) Hydrology (see also Hydraulicmodels; Oceanography; 43 (dominant factors) Pollution; Runoff; Tida.1 effects) 43 (units of measurement) l:xiv, 2, 49-54, 252-253; 2:xii; 5: 33, 34 (flow 44-48 (Cowichan River biology, flooding, flow rates of river & some tributaries) rates, problems, recording stations, :xiv, 2, 49-54, 252-253; 5: 33, 34 (annual, regulations & temperatures) monthly, or daily flow rates at various : 48 (re Koksilah River) estuarial places) : 49 (re Chemainus River flow rates, temperatures, 50-51 (discharges rates at Hope) river gradients, biology & substrates) 52 (tidal effects in estuary) 84 (river flow & Cowichan Lake) 52 (warm temperatures at Hope) 112 (re Douglas fir-swordfern associations) 52-54 (gravel, sand, silt, clay transport; 153 (with respect to Crofton mill diversion, turbidity) juvenile salmonids, seasonal flows & 52-54; 2: 43 (deposition) discharges) 52-54(254); 2: 43 (sediment load) IBO:(275); 5:IBO:(236) (water resources) :239-241; 2:182; 3:189; 4:167-168 (ongoing research) 32 (Nanaimo River estuary drainage system) :255-256; 2: 38; 3: 28; 6: 35 (streamflow measuring 33 (flow gauging station locations) stations) 36 (Nanaimo River flood probability curve) :256; 4:IB0:(275); 5: 38(237) (groundwater) 37, 38 (history & development of Harmac pulp :IBO:(347, 415) (downstream effects) mill water supplies) :(353) (Fraser River estuary data localities) 38 (development potential) :(372, 376) (information sources) 146 (channelization processes) :(372-376); 2:IBO:(265-268); 3:IBO:(317-321); 147; 6:153 (effect of channelization on stream 4:IB0:(275-277); 5:IB0:(236-237); 6:IB0: environment, biota & physical character (261-262) (bibliography) istics) :(373); 2:IB0:(266); 3:IB0:(318) (re estuarine IBO:(236) (re fisheries) rivers) 1, 35 (average discharge) :(374) (Fraser River-South fork; water 33, 35 (river course; tributary streams & management) estuarine significance) :(374); 2:IB0:(267); 3:IB0:(320) (water 34 (Kitimat River drainage basin) allocation re estuarine ecology) 35 (operational history) :(375) (industrial water sources) 35, 36, 43 (re river & tributary maximum, :(376) (Fraser Valley water supply) minimum & other flow data) :(376); 2:184-185(268); 3:191(320); 4:183, : 36 (peak river flows & corresponding environ 184(275, 276); 5:165(236); 6:182(261, mental conditions) 262, 268) (streamflow summary & data) : 38 (environmental conditions, land use & :(376); 2:IB0:(268); 3:IB0:(320); 4:IB0:(275, logging practices effecting runoff) 276); 5:IB0:(236); 6:IB0:(261, 262) (surface water data) Hydrophyllaceae (waterleaf family) (see also !: 38 (statistics re Squamish River drainage basin) Romanzoffia) : 38, 39, 42 (dyking) 6:205 (in species list) : 38, 39, 42, 172(325); 5:IB0:(236); 6: 35, 36, 38, 39, 43(260, 261, 262) (flooding - water Hydroprogne oaspia (Caspian tern) levels, erosion damage, pre-flood conditions; 1:IB0:(440); 2:IB0:(312); 3:IB0:(371) (B.C. status) potential; facts cost analysis; remedial 4:219 (in species list) measures; causes; periodicity; extent of, occurrences of; river modifications) Hydropsyohe sp. (trichopteran, unspecified) : 38, 39, 43, 145 (natural & artificial river 4:187 (in species list) modifications including dredging, culvert installation & effect of fore-going opera Hydropsychidae (trichopterans) (net spinning caddis- tions upon flow characteristics) flies) : 39-42 (mean maximum & minimum flow rates of 1:266; 6:185 (in species list) Squamish River, Cheakamus River, Stawamus River & Mashiter Creek) Hydroptilidae (trichopterans) : 40, 184-185; 3: 28, 30, 191; 4:183, 184; 5:165; 1:266 (in species list) 6:182 (flow records) 41; 3: 29; 5: 35; 6: 37 (discharge hydrograph) Hydrovatus sp. (predaceous diving beetle, unspecified) 43 (general & surface water temperatures) 6:185 (in species list) 43 (slope & subsequent flow regimes of river & tributaries) Hydrozoa : 48 (patterns) 1: 84 (in river near Steveston fish processing : 48; 3: 29 (seasonal river discharges) plants) :145 (gradients & bank stability re logging) : 91 (colonial, in Richmond Nature Park tidepools) :232-234; 3:282-283; 4:253-255 (glossary) 125. Hyd Idl

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Hydrozoa (cont'd) 1:123 (commercial & recreational catches off 1:261 (various unspecified marine & freshwater Point Grey, Point Roberts & river mouth) forms (in species list)) :163 (predation by mergansers) :270 (various unspecified Hydromedusae & Siphono- 2: 71, 87 (insects & estuarine amphipods as food phores (in species list)) of) 2:186, 197; 3:198, 211; 4:189 (in species list) 85, 88 (estuarine resident) 3: 69 (estuarine locations of) :201; 3:216; 4:206; 6:195 (in species list) : 76 (planktonic components) 86 (spawning season; substrate; oceanic 5:IB0:(251) (north American west coast medusae) movement of fry) 86; 4: 97 (spawning habitat) Hygrohypnum oohraoeum 86, 92 (abundance) 2:110 (Hygrohypneto-Scoulerietum ecosystem types) 92 (fishing methods) :207 (in species list) 97 (estuarine resident; juvenile behavior) Hyla regilla (Pacific tree toad) Hyponiaceae (moss family) (see also Hypnum) 1:324 (habitat; food) 6:205 (in species list) 2:219; 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) Hypopitys monotropa (heath) Hylochomiaceae (moss family) (see also Hylocomium) 6:204 (in species list) 6:205 (in species list) Hypun 8ubimponens Hylocichla guttata (Alaska hermit thrush) 3:224 (in species list) 3:240 (in species list) Hyslop, W.F. Hylocichla minima (gray-cheeked thrush) 1:IB0:(483); 3:IB0:(395) (gases from sediments in 3:240 (in species list) polluted B.C. coastal waters) 2:149(277, 338); 4:152(317) (wood particle decay Hylocomium splendens (moss) & subsequent generation of gases) 3:224; 6:205 (in species list) 3:IB0:(331); 5:IB0:(287) (accumulation & composi 4:112 (re Douglas fir-moss associations) tion of sediments from polluted B.C. 6: 99, 100, 101 (community positions) coastal waters) 5:142(283) (sediment composition & gas volumes in Hymenoptera (see Andrenidae; Apidae; Formicidae; vicinity of Harmac pulp mill) Halticidae; Tenthredinidae; Vespidae) 6: 41(265) (re deposition of natural & man-made 2:194 (hymenopteran sp. (in species list)) substances) 3: 64 (occasionally found in Lakelse Lake) :206; 4:187 (in species list) Hypericaceae (St. John's wort family) (see also Hypericum) 6:205 (in species list) Hypericum anagalloides (bog St. John's wort) 3:230 (in species list) Icelinus filamentosus (threadfin sculpin) Hypericum formosum (St. John's wort) 6:195 (in species list) 4:213 (in species list) Icelinus tenuis (spotfin sculpin) Hypericum perforatum (common St. John's wort) 1:276; 6:195 (in species list) 1:131 (in woodland) 5:180; 6:205 (in species list) Iomadophila ericetorum 3:224 (in species list) Hypnum ciroinale (moss) 1:279; 3:224; 6:205 (in species list) Iotalurus nebulosus (brown bullhead; catfish) 6: 98 (abundance) 1:102 (in Fraser mainstem) : 99 (community position) 116 (common in lower valley) 96 (introductions; distributions) Hypoohaeris glabra (smooth cat's ear) 207 (in species list) 1:283; 5:182 (in species list) Icterus galbula bullockii (northern oriole) Hypoohaeris radioata (hairy cat's ear) 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:283; 3:230; 4:213; 5:182, 183; 6:202 (in species 4:222 (in species list) list) 6: 98 (habitat; species associations) Idaho bentgrass (see Agrostis idahoensis)

Hypochlorite Idanthyraus armatus (polychaete) 2:164 (re fish kills) 3:200 (in species list)

Hypomesus pretiosus pretiosus (surf smelt; silver Idler, D.R. smelt) 1:107(418) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye 1:102, 110 (spawning in Fraser River estuary & salmon migration into & within Fraser marshes) River) :116 (as food of dogfish) 126. Ido Ind

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Idotea (isopods) 3:IBO:(384) (housing) 3:207; 4:199 (J. sp. (in species list)) 4:xxiv, 5, 132 (of the Cowichan-Chemainus region) 5:170 (I. resecata (in species list)) : 5; 6: 4, 89 (language distribution & signifi cance; dialects) Idotea wo8ne8enskii : 7 (re Coast Salish Indian Bands & Tribes) 2:193; 3:207 (in species list) :103; 5: 89; 6: 89 (species harvested) :132 (population; economic basis) Idoteidae (isopods) :133 (value of demand for Cowichan Indian 3:207 (in species list) sweaters) :142(310) (agricultural lands; flood problems & Idya (harpacticoid copepods) protection programs) 1:273 (I. plumifera (in species list)) :IBO:(264, 307); 5:IBO:(224); 6: 4, 89 (history) :(272) (re dykes) Idyll, C.P. :(306, 307) (legends) 71(287) (benthic species abundance & diversity) 5: 3, 4 (inhabiting Nanaimo region) 71(293) (trout stomach contents) : 90; 6: 4, 89, 114, 116 (locations) 72(287) (percentage occurrence; average weight 6: 4, 89 (habitation) & number of organisms in different : 6(263) (re "grease" trails) habitats of Upper Cowichan River & : 90 (salmon food fishery statistics) Oliver Creek) : 90 (re herring fishery regulations & quotas) :114, 116 (reserve sizes) Ilex aquifolium (holly) :IBO:(253) (heritage, names) 1:287 (in species list) Indicator Organisms Ilex opaca (American holly) 1:200 (shellfish, for water contamination by 1:287 (in species list) pathogenic bacteria) 4: 77 (oysters utilized in pollution studies) Imler, R.H. 5: 98 (in Douglas-fir subzone) 3:IB0:(374) (Alaskan harbour seals & sealions) Industry; Industrial Development (see also Impatiens (see Impatiens noli-tangere) Agriculture; Fisheries and fishery resources; Forest products industry; Pollution headings; Impatiens noli-tangere (impatiens; jewelweed) Pulp and Paper mills; Oil and petrochemical 1:141 (on dyked & well-drained slopes) industries; Sewage; Waste disposal) 1:191-193, 233, 234 (increasing utilization of land Ince, J.C for various types of, on delta) 5:134(281) (environmental legislation) :193-198(469) (waterfront land use for various :146(281) (re River-bank Protection Act) types of) 6:132(284) (legislation affecting B.C. environment) :195-196 (mills & booming grounds) :223(284) (legislative acts relating to air & :199-200, 211-213(483) (effluents & wastes re water pollution) pollution) :213-218; 2:IB0:(337) (problems of landfill areas Indian Pipe (see Monotropa uniflora) for disposal of wastes) :234 (map of delta areas having been proposed Indian Plum (see Osmaronia cerasiformis) for industrial development) :246-251 (kinds of major atmospheric pollutants Indian Reserves from various types of) 1:189 (Musqueam, suggested for future development) :329-338 (types of, re permits for amount & nature 2:131 (Squamish locations) of effluents affecting river water 5:IB0:(276) (residential plans) quality) :IBO:(454-472) (bibliography including) Indians :(459, 464.(469); 2:IB0:(323); 3:IB0:(381) 1: 5 (early occupation of Fraser River delta by (manufacturing industrial classi Salish) fication; foreshore management; :118 (six Indian bands in estuary) attractions; limitations) :118, 121 (early & current utilization of river (463, 464) (land allocation) salmon, particularly sockeye & coho) (464) (lower mainland distributions) :123; 3:129, 130; 6: 6, 90(253) (eulachon fishery, (482) (water sources) implications & significance) 2:166 (emissions) :124 (steelhead trout catches) :168 (emission statistics for FMC chlor-alkali :IB0:(408) (Fraser River fishery with respect to) plant) :(410) (Fraser River fishing - cultural :169 (mining industry pollutants) importance) :IB0:(326); 3:IB0:(384) (environmental effects) :(467) (intertidal land use) :(338) (non-metallic contaminant effects) :(468, 472); 6: 4, 89 (reserve developments) 3:258 (discharger's identification numbers, 131 (early occupation of delta) locations, amounts, effluent quality & IBO:(323) (Squamish reserves) comments with respect to upstream pollution :129, 130 (river usage) sources) :129, 130; 6: 4, 89 (distribution) :IB0:(395) (pollution) :IB0:(342, 350, 357, 358); 4:103; 5: 89, 90; 6: 89 5:151 (re Nanaimo waterfront) (native food fishery -effects, history, 6: 43 (re Minette Bay) importance, status, sites, methods, : 77 (re fish production) catch size, permits, effort, regulations] :121 (zoned areas) 127. Ind Int

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Industry; Industrial development (cont'd.) 4:IB0:(288); 5:IB0:(253) (Vancouver Island stream 6:121, 122 (site dimensions, production, employment species) & resource statistics) 5: 68 (recorded in Nanaimo region) :122 (Canadian Liquid Air Limited) 65 (Kitimat Valley pest species) :165, 168(263) (re siting & environmental impact 67 (effectiveness of pest control program) of proposed steel mill) 69 (pesticide efficiency) 81 (as salmonid food resource) Infauna (see also types of, e.g., Benthos; Inverte :IB0:(266) (Prince Rupert Forest District brates; names of species) infestations; population fluctuations) 1: 80 (definition of) : 88 (Boundary Bay upper tidal flats relatively Insecticides (see Pesticides) devoid of) 2:159, 160 (inhabit Britannia Beach sediments) Insectivora (shrews) (see also Sorex) 4: 78 (of Cowichan estuary) 3:241; 4:223, 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) :IB0:(286); 5:IB0:(251) (Strait of Georgia) Institute for Water Resources Ingledow Kidd and Associates 3:IB0:(299) (preliminary analysis of the ecological 3:IBO:(318) (report on hydrological studies related aspects of deep port creation & to increased flow requirements of the supership operation) Watson Island mill, Prince Rupert, B.C.) Institute of Environmental Studies, Douglas College 1: 8 (source of information) Inglis, R. :217(477) (ecological feasibility of possible 3:IBO:(309) (two reports on Prince Rupert landfill sites on Fraser River delta archaeological project) for waste disposal) :(309) (salvage excavation of two Prince :218(477) (upland abandoned gravel pits suggested Rupert Harbour shell middens) as better than delta for landfill sites) :IB0:(348) (case study of Mud Bay tidal marsh) Inglis, Sir C.C. (348) (Boundary bay information booklet) 1:IB0:(462) (long-term effects of training walls, (348) (short guide to Serpentine Fen) reclamation & dredging on estuaries) (445) (guide to game habitat management circuit, Serpentine River area) Inland Waters Directorate (see also Water Quality :(462) (problems & proposals for future use Branch) of Nicomekl, Serpentine & Little 1: 50(373) (Fraser River discharge hydrography for Campbell Rivers of Surrey river 1970 at Hope) systems) :IBO:(373) (reverse flow in Fraser River for 1969) :(377); 2:IB0:(266); 3:IB0:(318) (index of Institute of Oceanography, Dalhousie University national water quality monitoring 1:IB0:(477) (pollution seminar abstracts) stations) 2:IB0:(266); 3:IB0:(318) (hydrographic data on Institute of Oceanography (University of British selected estuarine rivers; unpublished Columbia) data) 1:IBO:(384) (1967 annual report) 3: 32(318) (sampling of the Skeena River) 4: 53(276) (grab sample verification of Cowichan International Environmental Consultants Limited River samples) 6:150(284) (biological river survey re water quality) Inopsetta ischrya (hybrid sole) :175(284) (continuing research) 3:216; 4:207 (in species list) 4: 97 (juveniles inhabit Cowichan estuary) International Geological Congress 1:IB0:(361) (geology of Vancouver area) Insecta (see also taxonomic subdivisions; also reference hereunder to list of families; also International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission plurals of vernacular names of types of; also 1:108(418) (Fraser River sockeye salmon spawning, Caterpillars) hatching & emergence) 1: 91 (plentiful in Richmond Nature Park) :109(418) (lethal & sublethal effects of various : 91-92 (role in Shady Island ecosystem) water quality characteristics on :114 (aquatic larvae as mountain whitefish food) juvenile sockeye) :160, 161, 163, 293, 295-296, 300-302, 305-314 :120 (establishment & function) (as food of birds) :IB0:(413) (fish facilities & fishery problems :265-267 (list of families) re Fraser & Thompson dam site :319-323 (as food of mammals) investigations) :324, 325 (as food of amphibians) :(418) (factors affecting sockeye & pink :326 (as food of reptiles) salmon migration in Fraser & Thompson 2:193 (list of orders & families) rivers) :199 (unidentified nymphs & larvae (in species :(418) (domestic water supply sources re list)) Fraser River sockeye & pink spawning 3: 75 (anadromous fish consumption) grounds) :205; 4:186; 6:184, 190 (in species list) :(418) (annual reports for 1967 & 1970) 4: 71 (identified in trout diet) 2:IB0:(332) (effects of log driving on the salmon : 71 (environmental factors influencing Cowichan & trout populations in the Stellako Lake populations) River) 128. Int Inv

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

InternationalPower and EngineeringConsultants, 70 (instability of delta habitat) Limited 71, 72 (re fish-food relationships) 1:IBO:(462)(Duck, Barber & Woodward islands 74 (Porteau Beach faunal distribution with developmentfeasibilitystudy) respect to depth) 74 (Woodfibrefauna) Intertidal Zone 75 (inhabitinglogstorage& boominggrounds) 2: 17 (definition) 75 (habitat& invertebratefauna of Sunset : 18 (tidal flat & intertidal zone divisions) Man na) : 19 (geological areas of tidal flats &intertdial : 76 (BritanniaBeach fauna & habitats) zone; map) : 77 (west,central& MamquamChannelhabitats :175 (re port expansion proposal) & fauna) :IBO:(249) (vascular plant distribution & : 77, 78 (effect of industry,recreation& abundance) pollutionon) :(286) (benthos) : 83 (potentiallyharvestablespecies& .-(325) (land use) populations) :157 (in Porpoise Harbour) 98 (vegetationas nutrientsourceof) :IBO:(308) (sediments) 145 (streamsidevegetationclearancere :(332, 365, 388) (biology) habitat loss) 78, 79(290); 5:IB0:(254, 265) (general 197- 200 (zooplanktonspecieslist) information) 234- 239;3:285-289;4:255-259(glossary) :IB0:(290); 6:IB0:(257, 264, 267, 269, 271 xxii , 64-66;4: 71, 72 (freshwaterbenthos) (estuarine invertebrates) xxii (RidleyIslandspeciesdistribution) 71, 91 (species; zonation camparisons) 64 (habitatclassification) 71, 91, 96; 6: 73(257, 264, 267, 269, 271) 64, 65 (Lakelse, Babine & Morrison Lake (habitats) faunal diversity) 71,141, 142 (surveys concerning environmental 65 (toleranceto pollution) impacts of pollution) 66 (freshwaterplankton) 96 (community types; locations) 67- 75; 4: 73-79 (marinebenthos) :141 (effects of pulp mill effluent on associated 70 (re algalabundance) biota) 72 74 (of PorpoiseHarbour,Ridley Island, IBO:(252) (parasitic protozoa) Wainwright Basin, Prince Rupert, 70, 73 (characteristic species) Port Simpson,De Horsey Island& 92 (algal types & distribution within) Flora Banks) : 77, 78 (fisheries) Inverness Passage 4:xxi (freshwaterspecies diversity,dominance 3: xx (channels one quarter of the Skeena's flow & abundance) into northern Chatham Sound & Dixon : 42 (shellfish-growing-watersanitarysurvey) Entrance) : 71; 6: 65-69 (terrestriallysignificant 60 (depth; navigation method) species) :192-194 (spring oceanographic data) : 72 (percentageoccurrence,averageweight& :195-197 (fall oceanographic data) speciesabundancein differentCowichan River& Oliver Creek habitats) Invertebrates (see also taxonomic subdivisions and : 73 (freshwaterzooplankton) the plural of some vernacular names, e.g. Crabs; : 73, 74, 76(285,286) (quantitativebenthic also Benthos; Zooplankton) investigations) 80 (subdivisions re life modes; information : 77 (re LadysmithHarbourintroductions) required for Fraser River estuarial) : 79 (marinezooplankton) 81-100 (re study area) : 80 (valueof invertebratefisheryin 97-100; 5: 72-74; 6: 74-76 (as fisheries statistical area 17 & 18) resources) : 81, 82 (oysterculture) 114 (of estuary marshes as important sources of : 82, 83 (shrimping) fish food) :IB0: (287,290)(identification) 164 (as food of wading birds) 5:xxv (habitat;abundance;speciesdiversity; 241; 2:182, 183 (ongoing research projects) ecologicalposition) 258-274; 2:186-200; 3:198-213; 4:185-202; 5:166- : 68 (terrestrial,freshwater& marineforms) 171; 6:183-191 (species lists) : 71 (intertidalhabitats;zonation& species) 293, 295-298, 300-304, 309-311 (as food of listed : 72 (zooplankton) bird species) : 73 (landedvaluesof invertebratefisheries 319, 323 (as food of mammals) in statistical area 17) IBO:(391-395, 395-407); 2:IBO:(280-290); 3:IBO: : 78 (cohoconsumption) (333-342); 4:IBO:(284-290); 5:IB0:(249- :143 (effectof loggingon productivity) 256); 6:IB0:(266-267) (bibliographies) :154 (contamination& associateddangers re :(392); 2:IB0:(278); 3:IB0:(332) (shore sewagepollution) ecology) :IB0:(253) (mortality) :(393) (with respect to airport expansion) 6: 69, 70 (freshwatercommunitydynamics) :(395); 2:IB0:(280) (zoology) : 70-74 (marinebiota) :(40l); 2:IBO:(285) (intertidal co-existence) : 71 (KitimatArm benthic communitycharacter 2:xix (distribtuion of, in estuary) istics) : 66-78; 5: 69-72 (benthos) : 74 (re salinitydynamics) : 68 (benthic & fish food invertebrate study : 74 (value& extentof Area6 invertebrate procedures) fisheries) : 70 (colonization) 129. Inv Ixo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Involuting, gullmarensis Isaeidae (amphipod) 1:258 (in species list) 3:207 (in species list)

Iodine Ischnochiton (chiton) 5:IB0:(250) (marine flora & fauna content) 4:194 (l. mertensii; I. sp. (in species list))

lona Island (see also Sewage) Ischnochiton trifidus l:xvii i, 92(474) (effects of sewage treatment plant 2:189 (in species list) outfall to Sturgeon Bank on benthos) : 22, 23, 231 (causeway & plant outfall effect on Isfield, E.0. sediment dispersal) 1:IBO:(380) (field & model studies on a Fraser : 75 (wave records off outfall channel) River siltation problem) : 90 (outfall probable source of heavy-metal & polychlorinated biphenyls found in Roberts Islands, Fraser River Estuarial (see also Annacis; & Sturgeon Banks microfauna) Barber, Barnston; Douglas; Gunn; lona; Kirkland; : 92- 93 (characteristics of tidal flats & their Lulu; Reifel; Rose; Sea; Shady; Swishwash; invertebrate benthos) Westham; Williamson; Woodward) : 93 (jetty effect on maintaining marine 1:151 (area of intertidal deposits (total of all)) regulation of benthos) :233, 236 (in or near river mouth as vital : 96 (paucity of salmon food near) biological areas) :134, 147 (algae on tidal flats near outfall) ;136 (enlargement of treatment plant; jetty; Isogenus sp. (stonefly, unspecified) effect on shoreline flora) 6:184 (in species list) :189 (controlled hunting suggested) :195 (industrial use of waterfront sites) Isoperla sp. (perlodid stonefly, unspecified) :202, 205 (areas served by sewage treatment plant) 6:185 (in species list) :228, 229 (high biological oxygen demand effect of plant effluent on transgressive Isopoda (see also species list reference hereunder) food-chain benthos) 1 83 (in river benthos near Mission) 327 (waterfowl census table) 92 (close to lona Island sewage plant outfall) 328 (raptor birds—1970 census) 161, 319 (as food of birds) 339 (permit application for domestic effluent 222 (re food chain) discharges: amount, biological oxygen 268; 2:193, 199; 3:207, 213; 4:199; 5:167, 170 demand, total suspended solids, possibility (in species list) of chlorine residuals) 2 72 (as food of sculpins & flounders) :IB0 (401, 432, 474, 477) (environmental studies) 3 67, 68 (Synidotea sp. in Porpoise Harbour) 69, 70, 71, 157 (abundance of) Iophon 69, 70, 71, 157; 5:167, 170 (habitats) 2: 74 (I. sp. habitat) 70 (pollution tolerance of Cirolana sp. & :186 (I. pattersoni (in species list)) Idothea sp.) 75 (as food of Chatham Sound salmon) Iridoprocne bioolor (tree swallow) 4 76 (Gnorimosphaeroma oregonensis abundance in 2:214; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) Stuart Channel) 5 IBO: (251) (species descriptions, variations & Iris (see Iris pseudaoorus) colour) 6 70 (intertidal abundance of Gnorimosphaeroma Iris pseudaoorus (Iris; yellow flag) sp., Idothea sp. & Ligia sp.) 1:283 (in species list) 71 (planktonic component) 191 (Gnorimosphaeroma oregonensiss Idothea sp. Iron Ion & Ligia sp. (in species list)) 1: 55, 57, 58 (levels in river waters) :143 (toleration by heaths) Isopsetta isolepis (butter sole) :212 (iron oxide as deleterious consituent in 1:276; 3:216; 4:207 (in species list) effluents from some industries) 2: 88 (theoretical estuarine resident) :255-257 (routine determination localities in 3: 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior Rocks trawl river basin waters, for extractable & fishery) dissolved, re water quality) :IB0:(346, 353) (Hecate Strait stocks) :IB0:(377, 379, 484); 2:IB0:(338) (estuarine :(353) (ecology) distribution) 4: 97 (juvenile habitat) 3: 33 (in Cronin Creek) 4:IB0:(266); 5:IB0:(225, 226) (coastal Vancouver Isoptera (termites) Island & Texada Island deposits) 4:186 (in species list)

Iron sp. (small mayfly, unspecified) Isothecium (mosses) 6:184 (in species list) 1:279 (J. sp. (in species list))

Irving, W.T. Ivy-leaved Duckweed (see Lernna triscula) 2:1B0:(257) (Britannia mine) Ixoreus naevius (varied thrush) Isaacs, A. 1:310 (habitat; food; etc.) 4:IB0:(265) (science dictionary) 2:214; 4:221; 5:190; 6:215 (in species list) 3:121 (characteristic habitat) 130. Jac Joh

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

5: 9 (230) (Nanaimo area geology) : 9, 10(230) (distribution, lithology & age of Nanaimo area geological formations) Jackivicz, T.P., Jr. : 11(230) (re extent & composition of the Exten 4:157(314) (re oil pollution) sion—Protection geological series)

Jackson, J.N. Jellyfish (see Scyphozoa) 1:IBO:(462) (impact of Greater Vancouver highway development on land use) Jenkinson, D.W. 3:IB0:(345) (age, size & sex composition of B.C. Jackson, K.J. sockeye salmon catches) 4: 56(280) (effects of pulp mill effluent on oyster production) Jetties (see also North Arm; Roberts Bank; :152(314) (condition of oysters in vicinity of Steveston headings) pulp mill effluent outfalls) 1: 22-23 (when constructed; effects on sedimenta :IBO:(287) (field study: re effect of Kraft tion) pulp mill pollution on Crofton oyster :135 (re grass & forb communities) leases) 6: 40, 57(264) (float studies conducted in Kimitat Jewelweed (see Impatiens noli-tangere) vicinity with respect to suitable locations for Kitimat pulp mill's Johnston, H.C effluent outfall) 3:IB0:(350) (bottom trawling expeditions off the :145(286) (negative aspects effecting installa Washington & B.C. coasts) tion of submarine effluent diffuser) Johnson, M. Jackson, R.I. 2:IBO:(332) (forest products annotated bibliography 1:IB0:(418) (variations in Hell's Gate flow (excluding pulp & paper)) pattern re Fraser River sockeye salmon migration) Johnson, M.L. :(418) (management of Fraser River sockeye) 4:IB0:(263) (biology dictionary)

Jaeger Johnson, M.W. parasitic (see Steroorarius parasiticus) 1:IB0:(389) (seasonal changes in sea water at Puget Sound Biological Station) James, A.R.C 5: 11(228) (geology, history & potential of Johnson, P.C Nanaimo coal deposits) 1:IBO:(407) (problem of guiding downstream migrant salmon at dams) James, H.T. 2:IBO:(257) (Britannia Beach map-area; two maps) Johnson, P.M. 3(224) (re Nanaimo environment) Jameson, E. 6 224) (electricity in Nanaimo) 1:IB0:(462) (estuary & watershed land status 123(274) (Nanaimo whaling fleet) for selected B.C. river systems) IBO:(274) (Nanaimo history)

Jansson, B. Johnson, W.E. 1:227(393) (tolerance of turbellarians & harpacti 3:IBO:(309, 318) (morphometry of Babine & coid copepods to low salinities such Nilkitkwa lakes) as in Fraser River estuary) :(338) (quantitative aspects of the pelagic, entomostracean zooplankton of a multi- Jawanda, B.S. basin lake system—Babine Lake & 4:IBO:(307) (Vancouver Island geographical study) Nilkitkwa Lake) :(352) (reports on the distribution & density Jay of young sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus black-headed (see Cyanocitta stelleri annectena) nerka) throughout a multibasin lake) blue (see Cyanocitta cristata) system—Babine Lake & Nilkitkwa Lake) gray (see Peri8oreus canadensis ) :(352) (potential capacity of the Babine- Steller's (see Cyanocitta stelleri) Nilkitkwa lake system as a nursery area for sockeye salmon) Jeffrey, R.G. 1:IB0:(445) (waterfowl resources for Skagit & Johnston Associates Management Limited Port Susan bays, Washington) 3: 94(352) (economic value of Prince Rupert com mercial fishery) Jeletsky, J.A. 98(352) (sports fishing & the tidal fishery) 4: 17(271) (Cowichan-Chemainus geology) 99(352) (economic value of sports fishery) : 18(271) (re geological description of :139(382) (population composition & distribution) Cretaceous Nanaimo Group) :140 (Prince Rupert retail & commercial industry, :IBO:(269); 5:IBO:(229) (biochronology of lower recreational facilities) portion of Nanaimo Group (Mid-Upper :141(382) (major boating areas; provincial parks; Cretaceous)) employment statistics) :(270) (stratigraphy & biochronology of the :IB0:(300) (Prince Rupert bulk loading facility Nanaimo Group, Vancouver Island & re environmental assessment of alter Gulf Islands, B.C.) natives & cultural studies) 131. Jun Joh

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Johnston, N.J. 2:IBO:(266) (water quality monitoring in 6:IBO:(276) (sociological influences effecting estuaries) Kitimat civic planning) Juan de Fuca Strait Johnson, W.A. 1:IBO:(382); 2:IBO:(270, 271) (oceanographic 1: 14, 15, 52 (362, 373) (geology & sedimentation cruise reports) in Fraser River delta) :(384); 2:IB0:(270) (currents; oceanographic : 15(362); 2:IB0:(257) (Pleistocene sea-level features) oscillations in Vancouver region) :(386) (oceanographic projects) : 52(373) (tidal effects & salt wedge in Fraser :(387) (circulation) River delta) (389) (non-tidal currents) :IB0:(357); 2:IB0:(255) (Pleistocene interglacial (399) (Foraminifera distributions) deposits in Vancouver region) ;(407) (macro-benthos) 2:IBO:(257) (imbricated structures in river gravels) 2:IB0:(270) (tide tables) :(257) (geology of Fraser River delta map area) 4: 99 (chum fishery supply stocks) : 99 (re spawning chum salmon) Joint Committee on Oceanography 1:IBO:(385) (data record for Steveston Cannery Judd, B.I. Basin, Fraser River estuary) 1:IBO:(450) (role of wet meadows as wildlife habitat) Jones, A.A. 4: 74(286) (biological communities observed in Juncaceae (rushes) (see also Juncus; Luzula) regions of heavy fibre deposition) 2:104 (location; habitat) : 75(286) (fibre deposition around the Crofton 6:205 (in species list) pulp mill twin outfalls) :151(313) (re water quality determinations) Juncaginaceae (arrowgrass family) (see also :153(279, 313) (distribution of fibre on the Soheuchzeria; Trigloohin) seabed of Crofton mill receiving area) 6:205 (in species lsit) :IB0:(279) (water quality & initial dilution zone at Crofton mill marine & receiving Junco area) Cassiar (see Junco hyemalis conneotens) :(279) (water quality assessment & recommenda dark-eyed (see Junoo hyemalis) tions on routine monitoring) Oregon (see Junoo hyemalis oreganus ) Shufeldt [see Junoo hyemalis shufeldti) Jones, M. 3: 33(318) (Cronin Creek aquatic environment re Junoo hyemali8 (dark-eyed junco) mining pollution) 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) : 65(338) (tolerance of benthic invertebrates to 2:216; 3:241; 4:222; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) environmental pollution) :102(366) (Cronin Creek algal species) Junco hyemalis conneotens (Cassiar junco) :168(389) (Cronin mine problems & solutions) 3:241 (in species list)

Jones, R.H.B. Junoo hyemalis oreganus (Oregon junco) 3:IB0:(309) (geology & ore deposits of Hudson Bay 3:241 (in species list) Mountain, B.C.) Junoo hyemalis shufeldti (Shufeldt junco) Jones, W.C 3:241 (in species list) 4:IB0:(269) (Cowichan River Valley geology) Juncus aauminatus (sharp-fruited rush) Jordan, F.P. 1:283 (in species list) 3:IBO:(352) (two summary reports on salmon enumeration & sampling data at Babine Juncus articulatus (jointed rush) River counting fence) 1:132 (on Duck, Barber & Woodward islands of :(360) (appearance of Babine Lake sockeye river's lower South Arm) salmon stocks in north coast 5:180 (in species list) commercial fishery determined by tagging at Babine counting fence Juncus araticus (arctic rush) & travel rates through the Skeena 4:111 (dominance) & Babine Rivers) Juncus balticus (Baltic rush) Jordan, M.E. 1:283; 2:207; 3:230; 4:211; 6:205 (in species list) 5:IB0:(274) (century old Bastion at Nanaimo) 3:114 (hairgrass-sedge zone vegetation) :116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation) Jorden, M. 4: 23 (Chemainus salt marsh vegetation) 1:IB0:(462) (land for expansion in Delta 6: 94 (habitat) Municipality) :102 (abundance; community)

Joy, CS. Juncus bufonius (common toad rush) 1: 62(380) (mass transport tidal model for Fraser 1:283; 3:230 (in species list) River estuary) :241 (ongoing studies of pollution problems in Juncus coviller (rush) lower river (in press)) 6:205 (in species list) 132. Jun Kat

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Juncus effusus (common rush) Kailman, R.S. 7:253; 3:230; 4:211; 6:205 (in species list) 5:title page (co-author of this report) : 72(249) (invertebrate species list) Juncus ensifolius (dagger-leaved rush) :74(249) (commercial oysteringj 3:230; 6:205 (in species list) : 75(257) (re salmon production' : 98(261) (Vancouver Island east coast forest Juncus falcatus (sickle-leaved rush) associations) 6:205 (in species list) :128(270) (estuarine log booming & storage) :133(270) (recreational boating in Cowichan- Juncus gerardi (black grass) Chemainus estuary) 1:283; 5:180, 182 (in species list) :IB0:(233) (Cowichan-Chemainus River estuary 5: 94 (species habitat; dominance; abundance) climatology)

Juncus oreganus (amphibious rush) Kalmia polifolia (swamp laurel) 3:230 (in species list) 1:143 (in treeless area of bogs) 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) Juncus sp. (rush, unspecified) :233; 6:204 (in species list) 1:283 (in species list) 6: 99 (species dominance; habitat; community 4:108 (locations; habitats) position) 6: 95 (associations; distribution) : 99, 101 (abundance) Kdndkd Cf*6sk :101 (community position) 1: 58 (a source of lead ion in Fraser River) Juncus supiniformis (hair-leaved rush) Kanwisher, J.W. 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) 1:IB0:(437) (total energy balance in salt marsh grasses) Juncus tenuis (slender rush) 6:205 (in species list) Kardos, L.T. 1:IB0:(481); 3:IB0:(393) (recycling treated Juncus validuB (great rush) municipal wastewater & sludge through 1:283 (in species list) forest & cropland) 2:150(336) (hydrogen sulphide & methane production; Juniper diagram) spreading (see Juniperus communis) unspecified (see Juniperus sp.) Karl sen, E. (see Juniperus soopulorum) 1:IB0:(462) (Boundary Bay recreational boating potential) Juniperus communis (spreading juniper) 3:115 (muskeg flora) Kaser, R.K. :233 (in species list) 6: 6(253) (re Kitimat grease trail) Juniperus scopularum (Rocky Mountain juniper) Kask, B.A. 4:215; 5:183 (in species list) 2: 71(287) (studies concerning stomach contents 5: 98 (habitat) of major Squamish delta fish popula tions) Juniperus sp. (juniper, unspecified) : 80-82(287) (planktonic organisms re fish 3:xxiv (common in coastal western hemlock biogeo popluation studies) climatic zone) : 86(300) (fish identification re estuary ecology :109 (as bog flora) studies) 87(300) (seasonal species abundance re fish) Justice, C 98(308) (phytoplankton of the Squamish estuary) 1:106(414) (adult sockeye salmon enter Fraser 99(308) (occurrence of phytoplankton bloom in River chiefly through its Main Arm; estuary) migration patterns to river spawning :IBO:(332) (Squamish estuary pollution; data tributaries) report) :126(430) (coliform bacteria count variability in 5: 84(259) (diet of maturing herring) delta arms re regional resource development) Katatropa vancouverensis (ascidacean) 4:202 (in species list)

Katherina tunicata (black chiton) 3:xxii, 73 (habitats of) : 70 (pollution tolerance) :202 (in species list)

Kabata, Z. Katodinium (dinoflagellates) 1:IBO:(401) (Haemobathes copepods in B.C. waters) 1:261 (K. a8ymmetricum; K. glandula (in species :(401) (some Chondracanthidae copepods from list)) B.C. fishes) Katz, M. Kachadorian, R. 1:IB0:(396) (distribution, ecology & biology of a 3:IBO:(312) (effect of March 27, 1964 earthquake Pisciola salmonid leech) on various communities) 133. Kes Kay SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Kay, B. . x 4:111(298) (alteration of the salt marsh community) 4:149(312) (re sanitation & oyster harvesting) :211(298) (floral species list) 5:136(279) (water quality re domestic sewage disposal) Kennedy, O.D. :138(279) (water quality in Gabriola Island 1: 95(402, 403) (major zooplankters & zooplankton vicinity re shellfish production) standing stock in Fraser River plume :139 (water quality in Harmac pulp mill vicinity off estuary) & Nanaimo Harbour) :103(420) (food of larval & juvenile fish in plume) Keane, J.C.B. :150(436) (secondary production under plume) 1:IBO:(373) (1954 hydrometric surveys & discharge :IB0:(381, 383); 2:IB0:(270, 271, 272) (physical, computations for Fraser River estuary) chemical & biological data, Strait of Georgia) Keefe, C.W. :(394); 2:IB0:(280, 290); 5:IB0:(245, 254, 1:IBO:(393) (literature summary of marsh production) 265) (biological oceanography, Strait of Georgia) Kelez, G.B. 3:IB0:(326) (coastal seaways project oceanographic 1:IBO:(424) (salmon & salmon fisheries of Swiftsure data record) Bank, Puget Sound & Fraser River) 5: 42(238, 240), 92(261, 262) (Departure Bay productivity studies) Kellerhals P. 1: 5, 10, 24, 26, 128(348) (Boundary Bay & Mud Kennedy, W.A. Bay tidal flats: geology, sediments & 1:IBO:(345) (a brief on mariculture) sediment sources) : 14(348) (sedimentation of southern delta front Kenyon, K.W. & Point Roberts cliffs) 1:IB0:(445) (sea otter in eastern Pacific Ocean) : 87, 88(348) (invertebrates in marine sediments of delta) Ker, Priestman, Keenan and Associates :146(348) (Boundary Bay eelgrass & algae) 1:IB0:(477) (contract for supply & installation of M.S.A. sewage effluent pumping Kelley, C.C. station, forcemain & outfall to 1:IBO:(362) (soil survey of lower Fraser Valley) Fraser River) :(366) (soil survey of Delta Municipality) 4:IB0:(276) (Chemainus water supply report)

Kellia (bivalve) Keratella oocklearis (rotifer) 6:190 (in species list) 4: 73 (inhabit Lake Cowichan) :185 (in species list) Kellock, J.N. 1:IBO:(462) (examination of lower Fraser River Kerr, D. environmental control) 1:IB0:(370) (B.C. & Yukon climate) 6:IB0:(260) (physical basis of B.C. agriculture) Kellogg, R. 3:IB0:(374) (North American Pacific coast whaling Kerr, D.P. statistics) 5: 18(235) (Nanaimo River estuary climate)

Kelp (see also Laminaria sp.; Macrophyta; etc.) Ixerr, F.A. 1:IB0:(431); 2:IB0:(304); 3:IB0:(365); 4:IB0:(297); 3:IBO:(309) (mineral resources along Canadian 5:IB0:(261) (commercial value) National railways between Prince 3:102 (species & industrial harvesting of) Rupert & Prince George) :102; 4:106 (extent of) :(310) (Hudson Bay Mountain, B.C.) :102; 4:106 (location of) :(310) (Skeena River mineral deposits)

Kelp Greenling (see Hexagrammos deoagrammus) Kerr, W. 1:IBO:(462) (study of Steveston renewal concept) Kendall, G.R. :(462) (preservation of agricultural land in 5:IB0:(234) (frost data) lower Fraser Valley)

Kendell, M.D. Keser, N. 1:IBO:(362) (practical significance of the 4: 28(269) (re Cowichan-Chemainus soils) Attenberg limits of lower Fraser :173(269) (Cowichan-Chemainus region soils clas Valley soil) sification) :IB0:(274); 5:IB0:(235) (Vancouver Island climate) Kendrew, W.G. 5: 15(229) (Nanaimo area soils) 1:IB0:(370) (B.C. & Yukon climate) :IB0:(229) (Vancouver Island soils) 6: 18(256) (Kitimat Valley landform mapping for Kennedy, K. reforestation purposes) 4: 78(287) (fauna of Cowichan estuary mudflats) -.107(298) (re deltaic flora of Cowichan & Kestner, F.J.T. Chemainus River estuaries) 1:IB0:(362) (short-term changes in distribution :109(298) (major vegetation zones on Chemainus of fine sediments in estuaries) River delta) :(462) (long-term effects of training walls, :110(298) (major vegetation zones of Cowichan- reclamation & dredging on estuaries) Koksilah River delta) Kes 134. Kit

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Kestrel (see Falco sparverius) Kilgour 1:IB0:(445) (evaluation ofGeorge:C Reifel Ketcham D.E. Waterfowl Refuge, Westham Island, 5: 42 136 (242, 281) (Northumberland Channel Fraser River delta) water quality) : 71, 141 (252, 281) (bioassays re water quality Killdeer (see Charadrius vooiferus) in Harmac mill vicinity) : 91(263) (re intertidal flora) Killick, S.R. :161(281) (biological monitoring of Harmac 1:107, 108(419, 420) (timing & pattern of mature receiving waters) sockeye salmo.n migration into & within Fraser River) Ketchen, K.S. :109(419) (downstream movements of sockeye smalts 1:IB0:(415) (review of Strait of Georgia trawl in lower river) fishery) :111(424) (river lamprey parasitism of salmon in :(415) ; 2:IBO:(295); 3:IBO:(348) (gray cod river mouth) tagging in Strait of Georgia) 2:IB0:(301) (parasitism on Pacific juvenile salmon :(418) (Strait of Georgia otter trawl fishery) & herring in Strait of Georgia) :(418) ; 2:IB0:(297) (yield of Strait of Georgia otter trawl & headline fishery) Kimmins, J.P. :(419) (B.C. sablefish industry) 1:IB0:(433) (plant associations in Cypress Bowl, :(419) ; 2:IBO:(297) (trends of Strait of West Vancouver) Georgia gray cod fishery) :(419) ; 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(352) (climatic Kindle, E.D. trends & fluctuations in yield of 3:IBO:(310) (mineral resources of Terrace, Usk, northeast Pacific fisheries) Hazel ton, Smithers, Cassiar, 2:IB0:(297) ; 3:IBO:(352) (trends in North American Cedarville & coastal districts Pacific Coast marine fisheries) 3: 91(252) (history of Butterworth-Warrior Rocks King, J.G. trawl fishery) 3:IBO:(374) (the trumpeter swan in Alaska) :IB0:(327) (factors influencing survival of Hecate Strait lemon sole [Parophrys vetulus)) King, R.H. :(352) (review B.C. dogfish) 6: 41(264) (Kitimat Arm oceanographic studies :(352) (B.C. trawl fishery) re outfall systems design) :(352) (ecology of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrooephalu8)) King Crab (see Paralithodes oamt8chatica) :(352) (lengths of Pacific cod (Gadus maorocephalus) captured in Canadian Kingbird trawling) eastern (see Tyrannus tyrannus) :(352) (developments in domestic & foreign western (see Tyrannus verticalis) northeast Pacific demersal fisheries) :(353) (population dynamics of western Kingfisher Canadian petrale sole (Eopsetta belted (see Megaoeryle alayon) jordani)) :(353) (B.C. landings of trawl-caught ground Kinghorn, J.M. fish by month, major & minor 6: 69(266) (biological assessment of experimental statistical areas & tolal hours effort spraying) by month & major area) :(353) (Pacific cod (Gadus maorocephalus) Kinglet trawl fishery catch statistics) golden-crowned (see Regulus satrapa) ruby-crowned (see Regulus calendula) Ketcham, B.H. Sitka (see Regulus calendula grinnelli) 1:IB0:(349) (fresh & salt water exchanges in tidal estuaries) Kinnikinnick (see Aratostaphylos uva-ursi) (349) (stream pollution re flushing of tidal estuaries) Kirkham, R.V. (349) (publication summary of a Coastal 3:IBO:(307) (geological compilation map of the Zone Workshop) Smithers, Hazel ton & Terrace areas)

Kidd, G.J.A. Kirkland Island 1:IBO:(373, 375) (Fraser River suspended sediment 1:140, 141 (vegetation, soil) survey) Kirsh, M. Kidd, T. 1:IB0:(378) (ionic ratios in some B.C. estuaries) 1:IBO:(349) (history of Richmond, Fraser River delta) Kitano, Y 3:IB0:(353) (age & growth of the yellowfin sole Kikuchi, T. (Limanda aspera) in Hecate Strait, 5:IBO:(263) (consumer ecology in eelgrass beds, B.C.) with special reference to trophic relationships & inshore fisheries Kitimat Chamber of Commerce resources) 6:IB0:(276) (Kitimat today) 135, Kit Kit

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Kitimat, Port of 6: 69-76 (freshwater & marine invertebrates) 123, 125 (facilities & location of) 70 (species diversity versus organic pollution) 124 (map) 70 (shore characteristics) 125 (cargo handled) 73 (deltaic features & biota) 126 (potential re industry, trade & northern 77-90 (fishes) development forecasts) 87, 88 (recreational usage & potential of river) IBO:(256, 257, 274, 277) (development) 91 (biogeoclimatic location) 91-102 (flora) Kitimat River Estuary and Delta 103 (importance to waterfowl) 6:title page (status of environmental knowledge to :103-111 (wildlife) 1976) 111 (non-consumptive usage; ecological studies) :frontispiece (aerial photography of) 112 (regional district statistics) i-iv (report table of contents) 119(274) (recreational areas) v-xv (list of appendices, figures, tables, 132-165 (pollution) abbreviations & symbols) 153 (vulnerability to oil pollution) :xvi-xx (preface) 166-168 (effects of development) :xvi, xx (report perspective, purpose & intended 167 (eastern delta section) usage) 169 (accumulation of environmental knowledge) :xvii, xviii (environmental concern studies & 170 (future planning considerations) Eurocan solutions) IBO:(253) (history) :xvii, xxiii, 1, 4 (industrial suitability; :(254) (general information) development potential; environmental :(254) (resources) quality) :(254) (legends) :xvn, xxiii, 1, 4, 20, 42 (geographical location) :(255, 263, 266, 271, 273, 276, 281) (environ :xviii (resource use conflicts) mental surveillance survey) :xix (re habitat quality & proposed future :(256) (seawave report) development) : 257) (Lakelse Valley;Kitimat Valley) :xx, xii (acknowledgements) :(259) (meteorological conditions) :xxi (Estuary Working Group) :(260, 261, 262) (flooding) :xxiii-xxviii (summary re: estuarine classifi :(262, 264, 267, 269, 272, 277) (environmental cation; physiography; climate; oceanography; impact assessment) oxygen distribution; tidal, current & wind :(262, 270) (usage; importance) regimes; infestation problems; estuarine & :(263, 264, 266, 267, 269, 272, 273, 280, 283) freshwater benthos; fish; deltaic & (biological assessment) restrial vegetation; regional wildlife; major :(273) (regional birds) industries; pollution problems & sources; :(274) (economic development) future development plans) :(277) (municipal tree farm license) : 1 (estuarine boundaries & freshwater inputs) :(282) (pollution control by-law) : 1-7 (introduction) :(283) (steel mill) : 2 (location map) : 3 (estuarine features maps) Kitimat Townsite : 4 (regional industry; employment opportunities; 6:xvi, xvii, xxvi, 1, 4(275) (location, age, major recreational potential) industries, community planning, population & : 5 (Captain Vancouver's exploration survey) environmental quality) : 5, 6 (settlement; initial land use practices; 7 (railway expansion & settlement patterns) industrial operations) 7 (A!can smelter establishment) : 6, 7 (railway proposals) 13, 19 (re surficial deposits -composition, : 6, 7(274) (effects on settlement patterns & surface & vertical distribution, thickness, regional development) investigative methods, hardness, permeabi 8-19(255) (geology) lity problems & environmental effects) 9, 10 (bedrock geology) 19(275) (underlying soils) 10, 12-15 (surficial geology) 20; 6:IBO:(260) (seasonal weather patterns & 15 (grain size analysis; sediment composition; modifying factors) geological investigations; slope & growth 27, 28 (annual wind rose) of delta) 29 (percentage frequency wind direction; calms : 17, 18 (economic geology) & mean wind speed by months) : 18, 19 (soils) 31 (sea breeze circulation dynamics) : 20-32 (climatology) 112 (source of information re) : 33-39(261) (hydrology) :113, 114 (current proceedings) : 40 (basic investigative methods & current :113, 114(253, 254, 275, 276, 277, 278) (develop oceanography) ment plans) : 40-64 (oceanography) :IB0:(262, 277) (river control) : 42 (classification) :(275) (history; topography; land usage; : 42, 43 (geomorphology re biological, industrial roads; services; transportation) & navigational significance) :(275, 276) (utilities) : 43 (estuarine dimensions; freshwater distribution; :(276) (society) salinity dynamics; circulation processes) :(276, 277) (current status) : 47 (re brackish water layer) :(279) (water supply; bridge; marina; : 57 (speed, inconguities & estuarine impact population) with respect to river current) :(280) (sewage disposal) : 65-69 (terrestrial invertebrates) : 67 (precautions to protect vulnerable areas of) Kit 136. Kra SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Kitson Island Koksilah River 3: 69 (intertidal zone) 4:xix, 48 (origin & river course) : 77 (crab fishery) :xxi, xxii, 84 (abundance, utilization, mainten :103 (algal species) ance, value & distribution of :109, 110 (forest community types & locations of; salmonid stocks) condition of trees; density; height) 3 (map of drainage basin) :175 (port development proposal—location, size, 43 (discharge area & runoff characteristics) implications. Harbours Board acquisition, 48, 84 (flood; falls; flows; sedimentation; economic basis, transport modification, biology; recording stations) predicted port growth & capital generation) : 84 (salmonid stock size) :176 (size; depth & development) : 86 (coho salmon—spawning season, habitat, :182 (developmental disadvantages) distribution, peak spawning period, juvenile :IBO:(301, 302, 383, 384 (harbour development) distribution & habitat) :(307) (soils) : 89 (chum salmon—spawning locations) : 91 (chinook salmon—spawning aggregations, Kittiwake locations, distributions, upstream migra black-legged (see Rissa tridaotyla) tions, peak spawning period & escapements) : 92 (steelhead—spawning season, populations, Kitwanga Superior School locations & distributions) 3:IBO:(300) (Gitwangag (1858) to Kitwanga (1958)) : 94 (cutthroat trout—distribution, habitat, behavior, food, spawning season & locations) Klein and Heathman : 94, 95 (Dolly Varden & brown trout observed) 3:IBO:(353) (Prudhomme Lake survey) : 99, 102 (fisheries supplied by chinook & coho stocks from) Klinka, K. :100 (commercial & recreational significance of 1:IBO:(433) (exosystematic units, their variations, salmonid stocks originating from) mapping & interpretation in University :115 (avian & mammalian abundance; diversity & of British Columbia Research Forest) limiting factors) :142(310) (flooding; dyking proposals & capital Klohn Leonoff Consultants Limited expenditures) 6:174(256) (information source) :143 (environmental & ecological impact of Vancouver Island natural gas pipeline) Klopfenstein, A. :204 (anadromous fish escapement data) 112(268) (waterfowl harvest) :IBO:(306) (development) 113(268) (enforcement of hunting regulations) 146(281) (reduction in shot litter) Koon, Z.J.K. 1:IB0:(463) (synopsis of greater Vancouver Regional Knetsch, J. District transportation plans) 1:IBO:(458) (outdoor recreation economics) Kopisch-Obuch, F.W. Knewstubb, F.W. 1:IBO:(363) (nature & distribution of phosphorus 3:IBO:(382) (Skeena River water power investiga in genetically related soils of lower tions) Fraser River Valley) 5:IBO:(274) (Nanaimo River water power investiga tions) Koppleman, L. 4:IB0:(264) (coastal science integration & Knight, J.H. regional planning) 2:IBO:(340) (Woodfibre to Squamish; map) Kowalenko, S. Knotweed (see Polygonum amphibium; P. aviculare; P. 1:IB0:(463) (recreation study of Coquitlam-Port cu8pidatum) Coquitlam District, Fraser River delta) Knowles, I.L. 1:IBO:(377) (ecological implications of clay-metal Kowalsky, CS. associations in aquatic environments) 3:IB0:(382) (volumes & destinations of forest & mineral resource released by the Knox, W.R.A. Pacific Great Eastern Railway with 1:IBO:(362) (report on foundation recommendations, its extension to Takla Landing & Pitt River Bridge, Fraser River) Skeena River Valley)

Koch, F.A. Kozloff, E.N. 1: 54, 55, 56, 57, 126(376) (water quality in 4: 79(287) (intertidal life) lower Fraser River re nutrients, :IB0:(287); 5:IB0:(252) (seashore life of Puget bacteria & pollution) Sound, the Strait of Gerogia & the San Juan Archipelago) Koeppe, CE. 5:IBO;(252) (keys to marine invertebrates of 4:IBO:(274) (Canadian climate) Puget Sound, San Juan Archipelago adjacent regions) Koistinen, I. 6: 41(264) (Kitimat Arm oceanographic studies re Kraft, R.W. outfall systems design) 6:138(284) (aluminum production) Kokanee (see Oncorhynohus nerka kennerlyi) Kraft Mill Effluents (see Pulp and paper mills) 137. Lad Kra

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Krajina, V.J. Kutty, M.K. 1:IB0:(370); 2:IB0:l:(264); 3:IB0:(316); 4:IB0:(274) 3:IBO:(353) (an ecological study & theoretical 5:IBO:I:(235). (biogeoclimatic zones & considerations of the butter sole classification of B.C.) (Isopsetta i8olepaia) population of :(370); 2:IB0:(264); 3:IB0:(316); 4:IB0:(274); Hecate Strait) 5:IBO:(235); 6:IB0:(260) (bioclimatic zones in B.C.) Kuzminski, L.N. :(434); 3:IB0:(300, 316); 4:IB0:(299) (ecology 4:157(314) (outboard motor effects on the aquatic of western North America; also ecology environment) of B.C. forest trees) 108(306) (Pacific silver fir-western hemlock subzone) 109(306) (vegetation zones above three thousand feet) 15, 112(310, 367) (coastal western hemlock vegetation study) 108(367) (biogeoclimatic location of Skeena Labiatea (mint family) (see also Lyoopus; Mentha; River estuary) Prunella; Staahys) 111(298, 299) (precipitation regime in coastal 6:205 (in species list) Douglas fir biogeoclimatic zone) IBO:(298) (revision of B.C. biogeoclimatic Labrador Tea (see Ledum groenlandica) regions & zones) :(307) (re B.C. ecological reserves) Lacte, D. 5: 98(263) (Vancouver Island east coast forest 1:IB0:(353); 3:IB0:(253) (reference list on land associations) capability, soils, geology, vegetation, 6: 91(271) (biogeoclimatic location of Kitimat ecology, recreation, wildlife, etc.) estuary) 2:IB0:(324) (Lands Directorate submission to Estuary Working Group re Squamish Kresja, R.J. estuary; unpublished data) 1:102(419) (no evidence of prickly sculpin seaward migration from some lower Fraser River Lacewings (see Neuroptera) populations) 2:IBO:(297); 3:IBO:(353) (the systematics of the La Croix, G.W. prickly sculpin (Cottus aaper): an 5: 61(243) (Northumberland Channel currents) investigation of genetic & non-genetic variations within a polytypic species) Lactuca biennis (tall blue lettuce) 1:131 (in woodland) Kretz, R.A. 3:230; 5:183 (in species list) 3:IB0:(310) (Terrace area dyke petrology) (blue lettuce) Kussat, R.H. Lactuca pulchella 3: 33(318) (fresh water quality of Skeena drainage 1:283 (in species list) system) : 65(338) (benthic invertebrate tolerance to Lactuca scariola (prickly lettuce) environmental pollution) 1:284 (in species list) :102(366) (algal species in Cronin Creek) :168(389) (Cronin mine problems & solutions) Lactuca serriola (lobed prickly lettuce) .IB0:(389) (biological survey of watershed 1:284; 5:182 (in species list) adjacent to proposed mine site near Houston, B.C.) Laotuoa sp. (wild lettuce, unspecified) :(390) (investigation of Wainwright Basin & 4:213 (in species list) Porpoise Harbour fish kills) :(390) (assessment of Houston pulp mill Lacuna (gastropods) effects on the Morice & Bulkley 1:264; 4:194; 6:190 (L. sp. (in species list)) River systems) 5:166, 169 (L. porrecta (in species list)) 4: 55(276) (Chemainus Bay water quality measure ments) Lacuna marmorata : 76(287) (physical, chemical & biological 3:203 (in species list) effects of cellulose wastes on benthic species) Lacuna variegata : 79(287) (Chemainus Bay plankton abundance & 2:189 (in species list) diversity) :106(276) (Chemainus Bay phytoplankton) Ladies Tresses (see Spiranthes romanzoffiana) :156(314) (Chemainus Bay environmental conditions) 6: 70(266) (Kitimat Arm intertidal biota) Ladner : 71(266) (benthic species diversity) 33-35 (climatological stations near) : 92(271) (intertidal algae) 36 (average temperature, rainfall & snowfall) -.145(284) (aspects effecting installation of 128 (nature of alluvial soil re flora) submarine effluent diffuser) 205, 340 (sewage held in a lagoon discharging :IB0:(257) (results of an intertidal survey into Ladner Reach) conducted in the proximity of IBO:(471, 472) (harbour development) Eurocan pulp mill's effluent outfall) 138. Lad Lam

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Ladner, P. Lagenorhynchu8 obliquidens (Pacific striped dolphin) 1:IB0:(463) (Boundary Bay recreational demand 2:217; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192 (in species list) assessment) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) Ladner Marsh Area Lagoon Treatment of Effluents (see Cloverdale lagoon; 140, 141 (soil; vegetation) Ladner) 151 (area of deltaic deposits) 168 (snowy owl census) Lagopus algopuB (willow ptarmigan) 170 (isolated flocks of European gray partridge) 3:121 (historical; habitat; abundance) 233 (a vital biological area) :237 (in species list)

Ladner Reach Laing, A.C 1: 4, 11, 18 (geography) 4: 23(269) (Chemainus River delta geomorpholocfy) : 18, 19 (sediment load) : 27(269) (physiography & geomorphology of the :194 (navigational use; wildfowl reserves on Shoal Island) islands) : 78(287) (predominate Chemainus delta species) :205, 340 (re Ladner sewage disposal) .-107(299) (Chemainus delta eelgrass beds) :138(308) (re log storage) Lady Fern (see Athtrium filix-femina) Laird, D.G. Lady's Thumb (see Polygonium persicaria) 1:IB0:(366); 4:IB0:(271); 5:IB0:(231) (B.C. soil resources) Ladysmith Harbour 4: 28(267) (re Cowichan-Chemainus soils) 4:xxi, xxiv, 133 (oyster contamination; habitat; :228(267) (soil map of Vancouver Island-Duncan, industry & recreational value) Nanaimo) :xxiv (coliform contamination) 5: 15(227) (Nanaimo area soil types) : 1 (geology; origin of negative estuary conditions) Laird, M. 1, 43 (inflow streams) 5:IB0:(252) (trichodinids & other parasitic pro 9, 133 (initial economic basis) tozoa from Nanaimo intertidal zone) 22 (geophysical nature of) 6: 18(256) (Buckley-Terrace area soil survey) 22 (delta formation) : 19(256) (re Kitimat Valley soils) 23 (sediment accummulation) 23 (composition of intertidal & river mouth Laithwalte, J.L. sediments) 1:IBO:(478) (use of Fraser River North Arm com : 23(267, 268, 279, 285, 287, 297, 312, 313) (sea petitively with forest products bed condition) industries) : 24(271) (substrate sampling) : 57 (oceanographic studies) Lake Chub (see Couesius plumbeua) : 57 (flushing regime) : 62 (tidal characteristics) Lake Trout (see Salvelinus namaycush) : 68 (re wave impact) : 77 (indigenous populations of Crassostrea gigas Lake Whitefish (see Coregonus clupeaformis) & Ostrea lurida) : 77 (introduced species) Lakelse Lake : 81(286) (oyster culture, spatfall & collection) 6: 4 (soil suitability re farming) :102 (recreational fishing trends & catches) : 12, 13 (re possible origin of adjacent deposits :133 (size; location; port facilities; logging & & associated deposition processes) revenue sources) :IBO:(270) (importance) :134(306) (historic sites & classification of) :(277) (public usage) :137 (water supply renovations) :138 (log storage) Lambert, M.B. :156 (shipping wastes) 3:IB0:(313) (northern Canadian Cordillera volcanic :159 (oyster lease) rocks) :209 (recreational boating) :IB0:(280, 299) (phytoplankton; physical-chemical Lamb's Quarters (see Chenopodium album; Chenopodium conditions) botry8) :(285) (oyster decontamination) :(294, 299) (fisheries resources) Lamellibranchiata (see Bivalvia; :(310) (resources) Hinnites; Mytilua; Pectin; Pododesmus) :(316) (water quality) Laminaria groelandioa (brown alga) Lafoea fruticosa 3:104 (pollution tolerance) 2:186 (in species list) :105 (habitats of) :221 (1n species list) Lagena 1:259 (L. dentaliniformi8; L. distoma; L. elongata; Laminaria saooharina (seaweed) L. gracilis; L. pliooenica; L. sulcata; 1:291; 3:221 (in species list) L. sp. (in species list)) Laminaria sp. (kelp, unspecified) Lagenonodo8aria scalaris 2:148 (Intertidal zone density) 1:259 (in species list) 3:221 (in species list) 139, Lan Lam

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Laminaria (con t'd.) 2:119(307) (population dynamics re common loon 5: 91 (taxonomy; distribution; ecology) (Gavia immer) & red-throated loon 6: 92 (intertidal distribution; abundance; habitat) (Gavia stellata)) :119(307) (nine gull species sighted) Larnna ditropis (salmon shark) :119(307) (Squamish town dump re gull food 1:276 (in species list) resource) :120(307) (marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus Lamp Shells (see Brachiopoda) marmoratum) & cormornat (Phalaoro- ooraoidae) activities) Lampetra ayresi (river lamprey) :121(307) (shorebird activities) 1:102, 111-112 (migration; spawning; parasitism on :122(307) (bald eagle (HaHaeetus leucocephalus) Fraser River estuarial young coho sightings) & chinook salmon) :123(307) (bald eagles seen scavenaging) 2:201; 4:207 (in species list) :124(307) (starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) & crows (Corvus sp.) sighted) Lampetra planeri (brook lamprey) :126(307) (mammal sightings & track observations) 4:207 (in species list) :IB0:(315 ) (report on Mamquam Channel; unpublish ed report) Lampetra riohardsoni (western brook lamprey) 102(269) (estuarine bird distribution & abundance) 3:216 (in species list) 103(269) (locations of major bird concentrations) 104(269) (estuarine importance to birds) Lampetra sp. (lampreys, unspecified) 104(269) (estuarine abundance of American widgeon) 83 (sp. larvae in river at Mission & North & 105(269) (regional status of Canada geese) South Arms near Queensborough Bridge) 105, 106(269) (estuarine abundance of black 107 (parasitic on sockeye salmon) brant, scaup, socters, goldeneye & 113 (as food of white sturgeon) bufflehead) :85 (estuarine resident) 106(269) (marsh & shorebird species diversity) IBO:(292) (extermination program) 107(269) (re black oyster catcher sightings) ;195 (in species list) 107(269) (estuarine abundance of gulls) 107(269) (feeding habitats of gulls) Lampetra tridentalus (Pacific lamprey) 108(269) (alcid species observed) 1:102, 111 (migration; spawning; parasitism on 108(269) (estuarine abundance of loons) Fraser River estuarial adult pink 108(269) (re loon, hooded & red-breasted merganser or sockeye salmon) sightings) :IB0:(423) (life history; distribution) :109(269) (winter raptor, starling & crow 3: 88 (estuarine resident) sightings) •216; 4:206; 5:173 (in species list) Land Clearing Wastes Lamprey 1:216 (disposal area) brook (see Lampetra planeri) Pacific (see Lampetra tridentatus) Land Use river (see_ Lampetra ayresi) 1: 5, 181 early history of; by Indians & colonists) Land, J. (see also Vaudy, A.) :181-184; 4:140, 141, 142; 5:121, 122; 6:128, 129 113(307) (significance of estuary to migratory (agriculture) waterfowl) :182 (estuarine agricultural map) 114(307) (feeding habitat of dabbling ducks) :184-186 (urban development) 114(307) (delta dabbling ducks —distribution) :187-191 (recreation other than wildlife) 114(307) (trumpeter swans sighted at north end :188 (map of wildlife refuges & accessible of central channel) recreational beaches) 115(307) (delta distribution of swans & dabbling :191-193 (industry) ducks; map) :193-198 (waterfowl) 116(307) (delta re Canada geese (Branta canaden :215-218 (problems of use of landfill) sis) migration rest area) :IBO:(347) (with respect to pollution control & 116(307) (delta re diving duck over-wintering recreation) area) :(353) (references) 117(307) (herring spawn availability & greater :(451) (with respect to wildlife recreation) scaup [Aythya marila)) :(451, 461); 2:IB0:(322, 324); 3:IB0:(380, 117(307) (population dynamics re common goldeneye 382) (planning —biological, urban (Buoephala clangula); Barrow's golden & ecological) eye (Buoephala islandica); Buffiehead; (455) re location) common merganser (Mergus serrator) (457); 2: IBO:(322) (metropolitan growth) hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucul- (457); IB0:(322); 3:IB0:(381) (units & latus)) systems) 118(307) (western grebe (Aechmophorus oociden (460); 2:IB0:(323); 3:IB0:(381) (novel land talis) over-wintering populations) use planning) 118(307) (horned grebe (Podioeps auritus) , (462); 2:IB0:(324) (re highways) dynami cs) (465) (lower Fraser Valley resource usage) 118(307) (red-necked grebe (Podioeps grisegena) (468); 2:IBO:(325) (open space requirements) & pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus (470); 2:IB0:(326); 3:IB0:(389) (development podioeps) sightings) rights concept) :(471) (residential; authorities) Lan 140. Lan

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Land Use (cont'd.) 5:129 (booming grounds & log storage) l:IB0:(454-472); 2:IBO:(321-327); 3:IBO:(380-385); :129-131 (municipal water supply & disposal 4:IB0:(305-310); 5:IB0:(270-278); systems) 6:IB0:(274-279) (bibliography) 131-133; 6:116-121 (recreational) 2: xx (history of; in Squamish region & ecological 200-202 (re foreshore leases) ramifications) IBO:(274) (estuarine & watershed) :126 (modifications) 113-116 (residential - see urban development) :131, 132 (native Indian reserve locations; cattle 121-126 (industrial) trail) 129-131 (utilities) :131-133 (past usage) 130 (water supply system & future demands) :132 (homesteader & flood problems; agricultural usage & dyke modifications; logging & Land Use Secretariat railway construction; Pacific Great Eastern 6:IB0:(276) (program outline for Kitimat-Stikine takeover & deep sea port proposal) regional district) :133 (problems & solutions) 134 (sea port proposal & support) Landfill 134-139(269) (present usage) 1:213-218 (problems of land use for; bacterial ;136 (physical characteristics re) degradation in; biological oxygen :137 (areas suitable for urban development) demand; gaseous emanations from; etc.) 137 (environmental impact & native Indian rights) xx (re dyking, dredging & habitat alteration) ;140 (future trends) 130 (effect on marshes & local fauna) 140 (improved Industrial practices & flexible 171 (to accommodate bulk loading facilities) future plans required) 172 (re habitat losses, recolonization, stream :140; 4:140 (land allocations) course changes, phytoplankton growth & :IB0:(298) (in Squamish estuary) food chain collapses) :(324); 6:112, 113 (Information source) 4:154, 160 (sites; composition; leachates; toxic ;129 (trends i,n) ity; ecological, environmental & biological 129, 130 (Indian usage & distribution) effects; research required) :130-136 (exploration, exploitation, settlement 154, 160; 6:169 (re habitat destruction) & development of the Skeena River 243, 244 (operations within study area) drainage basin) IBO:(310) (re Cowichan Bay) :139 (population growth, distribution & 5:206 (operations in Nanaimo area) composition) 6:122 (smelter site specifications) :139-141 (distribution & location of business, 167, 169 (re Alcan & Eurocan harbour facilities) housing, industry, commercial, recreational 236 (operations in Kitimat vicinity) & social facilities) :141, 142 (number of fishing, forest products & Lands Directorate fish processing firms; locations of; 1:IB0:(463); 2:IB0:(325); 3:IB0:(382) (use, number of employees; salaries; production ownership, access & management of & economic importance) shore!and) :142 (harvestable tree species; Port Simpson, 2:136(324) (report re effects of development on Smith & Digby Island timber values) the estuary environment) :143 (re port development & survival of the :137(324) (floodplain considered unsuitable for forest industry) urban development) 143 (proposed steel mill & implications of) :137(324) (recreational development) :143 (transportation prospects) 3:IBO:(383) (the Skeena River estuary) ;144 (suggested recreational development of Skeena River drainage basin) Lands Directorate, Pacific Region :IBO:(297, 298, 303) (re Skeena) 2:IB0:(325); 3:IB0:(353) (bibliography of land :(380) (settlement patterns) resource information re seventeen :xiv (practices & effects on regional environments) B.C. estuaries) : xv (ecological reserve potential & recreational :(340) (Strait of Georgia-Puget Sound Basin assets) generalized land use map) xv (conflicts) :(340) (Strait of Georgia-Puget Sound Basin :132 ( Municipality of North Cowichan) water use map) 133 (Ladysmith) :134 (distribution & extent of road, railway & Landsberg, H.E. ferry service) 6: 25(260) (regional snowfall statistics) :136 (Strait of Georgia - recreational boating considerations) Landucci, J. :136 (recreation —park locations & facilities) 5:144(281) (re fish kills) :137 (regional water supplies) :138, 140 (logging operations) Lane, B.S. :226 (Cowichan Estuary Task Force members) 4:IB0:(308) (Cowichan knitting industry) :IB0:(265); 5:IB0:(269) (impact upon wildlife recreation) Lane, D. :(306); 5:IB0:(271, 272) (inventory; 1:IB0:(344) (scenic inventory for Boundary Bay) objectives; scope; organization) :118, 119 (mining & mineral resources) Lang, M. :119-121; 6:126-128 (forestry) 1:IBO:(463) (White Rock & south Surrey parks) 123 (fishing) 3:IBO:(397) (Houston map area) ;123-129 (waterfront usage) 141 Lar Lan

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Lane, R.K. 3: 80(353) (salmon capacity of the Babine system) 1:IBO-.(385) (three B.C. coastal & seaways : 89(353) (restoration of the Babine salmon oceanographic data records) population) 3:IB0:(325) (North Pacific surveys oceanographic :IBO:(353) (Skeena River destiny) data record) :(363) (gillnet selectivity on Skeena River :(327) (five coastal, monitor & seaways sockeye salmon (Onoorhynchus nerka) & oceanographic data records) pink salmon (Onoorhynchus gorbuscha))

Langley Larus argentatus (herring gull) 1:118, 119 (Fort Langley as earliest (1829) 1:165, 304 (habitat; food; etc.) commerical exporter of sockeye salmon] :IB0:(441); 2:IB0:9312); 3:IB0:(371) (information :IB0 (363, 434) (soils) re) (464) (future prospects) 2:212; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) (484) (map) 3:xxiv, 119 (over-winters in estuary) 6:106 (abundance) Lanius exoubitor (northern shrike) 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) Larus californious (California gull) 2:215; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list; 1:165, 304 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:212; 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) Lanius ludovioianus (loggerhead shrike) 5:107 (estuarine inhabitant) 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) Larus canus (mew gull) Laome kroyeri (polychaete) 1:165, 304 (food) 3:201 (in species list) :165, 304; 2:119 (habitat) 2:119 (seasonal estuarine movements) Laonioe (polychaetes) :213; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) 1:263; 3:200; 4:192 (L. cirrata (in species list)) 3:xxiv, 119 (over-wintering species) 4:121 (regional species abundance) Laonome sp. 5:107 (estuarine inhabitant) 2:188 (in species list) 6:106 (abundance)

Laqueus californianus Larus delawarensis (ring-billed gull) 2:188; 3:209 (in species list) 1:304 (habitat;.food; etc.) 2:213; 4:219; 6:214 (in species list) Larch 6:106 (estuarine sightings) western (see Larix oocidentalis) Larus glaucesaens (glaucous-winged gull) Larix oocidentalis (western larch) 1:164 (Vancouver & Fraser delta reputed to 1:289 (in species list) attract largest concentration from Alaska & Washington) Large, R.G. :164-165, 304 (food) 93(353) (cannery locations) :164-165, 304; 2:119 (habitat) 129(383) (history of Skeena River estuary) 2:119 (seasonal estuarine movements) IBO:(300) (Prince Rupert: gateway to Alaska) :212; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) 5(253) (Kitamaat mission development) 3:xxiv, 119 (resident estuarine species) 4:120 (species dominance; range) Large-flowered Fairy Bell (see Disporum smithii) 5:107 (estuarine inhabitant) :107; 6:106 (nesting sites) Large-leaved Ravens (see Geum macrophyllum) 6:106 (abundance)

Large Pyrole (see Pyrola asarifolia baateata) Larus heermanni (Heermann's gull) 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) Largescale Sucker (see Catostomas macrocheilus) Larus hyperboreus (glaucous gull) Lark 3:119 (estuarine migrant species) horned (see Eremophila alpestris) :238; 4:219 (in species list) sky (see Alauda arvensis) Larus oocidentalis (western gull) Larkin, P.A. 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) 1:107(428) (cyclic dominance in Adams River sockeye salmon runs) Larus Philadelphia (Bonaparte's gull) :113(425) (biology of Fraser River white sturgeon) 1:304 (food) :119(419) (review of B.C. sockeye fishery) :304; 2:119 (habitat) :122(425) (exploitation of Fraser River white 2:119 (seasonal estuarine movements) sturgeon) :213; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) :124(419) (preliminary survey of lower Fraser 3:xxiv, 119 (over-winters in estuary) River steelhead trout) 4:121 (regional species abundance) :IBO:(419) (power development & fish conservation 6:106 (estuarine sightings) of Fraser River) :(420) (life history of steelhead trout of Larus pipixcan (Franklin's gull) Chilliwack River) 1:304 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(353) (Canada's Pacific marine :IB0:(441); 2:IB0:(312); 3:IB0:(371) (B.C. fisheries; past performance & future sightings) prospects) Lar 142, Lea SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Larus pipixcan (Franklin's gull) (cont'd.) 1:IB0:(463); 2:IB0:(325) (analysis of recreational 2:213; 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) boating in Strait of Georgia)

Larus sp. (gulls, unspecified) Lea, R.S. 1:154 (map of delta foreshore areas of major 1:202(478) (expansion of lower B.C. mainland sewer importance to) systems) :164, 165, 304 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:119 (numbers; species; locations; seasonal Leach, B.A. estuarine movements; activities) 1: 5(349) (effects of early dyking on Fraser :119; 3:119; 6:106 (nesting sites) River delta) :123 (scavenging associates) :151(445) (numbers of waterfowl using delta :213 (in species list) wetlands) 3:119; 6:106 (feeding sites) :158(445) (wintering populations of delta ducks) 6:106 (seasonal abundance; estuarine distribution; :162(445) (numbers of diving ducks on delta) species diversity) :294-298, 318(445) (waterfowl of delta) :IB0:(445, 463) (waterfowl management plan & Larus thayeri (Thayer's gull) opportunities for Mud Bay, Nicomekl 1:304 (habitat; food; etc.) & Serpentine river areas) 2:212; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) :(478) (sewage disposal & wildlife management 6:106 (estuarine sightings) in Burns Bog)

Larvacea (see Appendicularians; Oikopleura) Leach, J.M. 3:212 (in species list) 1:200(478) (resin acid soaps & fatty acid sodium salts of Kraft pulp mill wastes Larvae (see names of adult organisms, e.g. Insecta; toxicity to young coho salmon) Lampetra) • :IBO:(377) (water quality survey of lower Fraser River) La8ionycteris nootivagans (silver-haired bat) 2:IB0:(332); 3:IB0:(390) (identification of Kraft 2:216 (in species list) pulp mill effluent constituents toxic to juvenile coho salmon (Onoorhynchus Lasiurus oinereus (hoary bat) ki8utch)) 1:322 (habitat; food) 2:216 (in species list) Leach, T.A.J. 1:IBO:(478) (practical problems of water pollution) Lathyrus japonious (beach pea; purple beach pea) 1:144 (on western end of Shady Island) Leach, W.W. 3:230; 6:205 (in species list) 3:IB0:(310) (Telkwa mining & Skeena River districts) 6: 95 (deltaic habitat) Leachates (see also Pollution headings) Lathyrus nevadensis (purple pea) 1:210 (from agricultural livestock, fertilizers, 1:284; 5:182 (in species list) herbicides & pesticides, eventually finding their way into estuarial waters) Lathyrus palustris (marsh pea) :214 (from solid wastes landfill) 1:284; 2:207; 4:213; 6:205 (in species list) :217, 218 (from landfill sites) 2:106 (in grass communities) 2:147 (color; biological oxygen demand; rate; toxicity to fish) Latour, B.A. 6:152 (re log handling & storage) 3:IB0:(306) (Groundhog coalfield) Lead Ion Lau, J. 55, 56, 58, 59, 90 (levels in estuary waters) 1:IBO:(479) (factors affecting behaviour of 212, 213 (in industrial effluents) chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural 255-257 (determination localities in river basin waters & their sediments) waters; re water quality)

Lauff, G.H. Leafhoppers (aphids) (see Cicadellidae) 1:IB0:(349) (estuaries) Learning, S.F. Laundry Establishments (see also Detergents; 1:IBO:(363) (sand & gravel in Strait of Georgia Drycleaning establishments) area) 1:212 (types of deleterious chemicals in effluents 5: 12, 118(229, 274) (extent & location of from) commercially exploited sand & gravel deposits) Laurel swamp (see Kalmia polifolia) Leatherback (see Dermoahelys coriaoea)

Lavkulich, L.M. Leatherwood, A. 1:IBO:(363) (lower river physical environment) 1:IB0:(446) (sight identification of northeastern :(363) (soil fossils in Vancouver area) Pacific whales, dolphins & porpoises) (363); 2:IBO:(258) (properties & utilization of lower Fraser Valley alluvial soils) Leathery Grape-fern (see Botryohium multifidum)

Lea, N.D. and Associates Limited Leathery Polypody (see Polypodium scouli) 1:IBO:(463) (Sea Island access & North Arm of Fraser River) 143. Lea Leg

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Leaves Leda hamata (bivalve) 1:320, 323 (as food of mammals) 6:190 (in species list)

Lebbeus polaris (shrimps) Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador Tea) 3:208 (in species list) 1:143 (in treeless area of bogs) 3:xxiv (common in coastal western hemlock Lebbeus washingtonianue (malacostracan) biogeoclimatic zone) 4:199 (in species list) :109 (as bog & transition zone vegetation) ;115 (muskeg vegetation) Lebertia sp. (acarinid, unspecified) :233; 6:204 (in species list) 6:183 (in species list) 99 (species dominance; habitat; community position) LeBlond, P.H. 1:IB0:(385) (Fraser River plume) Lee, T.N. 3:IBO:(374) (observations of large unidentified 1:IB0:(349) (exchange processes in shallow marine animals in B.C. & adjacent estuaries) waters) Lee, W.R. LeBrasseur, R.J. 1:IB0:(420) (economic cost of maintaining Fraser 1: 52(374) (tidal effects & salt wedge in Fraser River salmon fishery) River delta) : 79(387) (productivity of Strait of Georgia Lee Doran Associates Limited waters re physical & chemical 1:IB0:(478); 3:IB0:(390) (log handling; water & characteristics) fish) : 84(406) (sh.ipworms in tidal basin near 3: 33(318) (Skeena River fresh water quality) Steveston) : 34(318) (organic matter measurements) : 95(402) (major zooplankters in Fraser River : 65, 73(339) (fresh water benthic populations) plume by seasons) : 76(339) (Prince Rupert & Port Simpson Harbour :103(420) (food of larval & juvenile fish in zooplankton tows) plume) 88(354) (estuarine species list) :111(426) (steelhead trout movements in river & 105(367) (benthic algae) estuary) 106(367) (important eelgrass beds) :150(436) (primary production 1n Fraser River 108(367) (surf grass in Prince Rupert's inner estuary) harbour) :IBO:(394); 5:IBO:(253) (availability of food to :IB0:(300) (environmental assessment of existing different trophic levels in marine aquatic environment & alternatives re food chain) Prince Rupert bulk loading facility) (401); 2:IB0:(286); 3:IB0:(338) (plankton distribution in B.C. mainland inlets) Lees, E.J. (401); 2:IB0:(286); 3:IB0:(338) (guide to 3:IB0:(310) (geology of the western half of the northeast Pacific Ocean zooplankton) Smithers area, B.C.) (401); 3:IB0:(388) (shipworm Infestation in Steveston Harbour basin) Legare, J.E.H. (403); 2:IB0:(274) (production levels in 1: 94(402) (zooplankton distribution in Strait Strait of Georgia pelagic environment) of Georgia re various oceanographic (403); 2:IB0:(288) (dependence of zooplankton features) grazing on cell size & concentration : 99(399) (pandalid shrimps of B.C. coast) of phytoplankton blooms) :149(434) (strait of Georgia diatom species) :(419); 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(354) (stomach 2:IBO:(283) (coastal B.C. shrimp prospecting) contents of northeast Pacific Ocean :(286, 307); 5:IB0:(252) (qualitative & salmon & steelhead trout) quantitative Strait of Georgia :(420); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(354) (utilization plankton distribution re certain of herbivorous zooplankton by maturing oceanographic features) salmon) 3: 77(336) (exploratory shrimp surveys) 98(308) (Squamish estuary phytoplankton) 99(308) (maximum carbon fixation values) Leggett, W.C IB0:(302); 3:IB0:(361) (northeast Pacific Ocean 1:112(420) (American shad homing migrations re steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) water temperatures & spawning in distribution, age & food) Fraser River) 3: 75(338) (analysis & comparison of various 2:IB0:(298) (shad migrations) Pacific anadromous species) :(298) (water temperature re American shad :IBO:(353) (data record re stomach contents of migrations) northeast Pacific Ocean salmon) :(354) (Hecate Strait midwater trawl catches) Legumes (see also species of) 4: 58(280) (re primary productivity) 1:183 (acreage used for farm production) 5: 47(244) (re estuarine productivity) 72, 161 (microzooplankton studies) Leguminosae (pea family) (see also Lathyrus; 93(264) (productivity comparisons) Lupinus; Melilotus; Trifolium; Vioia) 6:205 (in species list) Leckie, P.G. 1:IB0:(363) (mineralogy of sands in vicinity of Vancouver) Leh 144. Ler

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Lehmann, E.J. Lepidonotus squamatus (errant polychaete) 4:150(314) (bibliography - effects of sewage on -4:191 (in species list) marine & estuarine environments) Lepidopsetta bilineata (rock sole) Leioptilua (sea pens) 1:276; 3:216; 4:207; 5:173 (in species list) 1:261 (L. guemeyi (in species list)) 2: 88 (theoretical estuarine resident) 2: 74 (L. guemeyi habitat of) 3:xxiii (inhabits Skeena region) 75, 148 (unsuitable habitats re L. guemeyi) : 86, 91(348) (Butterworth-Warrior Rocks 186 (in species list) production of) : 91 (yield) Leiten and Associates :IB0:(348) (length; age) 1:IBO:(463) (South Surrey plan/study) :(349) (population studies) :(354) (growth rates) Lemmen, N.S. 4: 97 (juvenile habitat) 3:IB0:(354) (non-tidal Skeena & Nass river sports fisheries) Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths) 6: 6(253) (historic Kitimat logging operations) 2:194 (lepidopteran sp. (in species list)) :127(276) (re logging) 5: 68 (collection locations) :IB0:(284) (environmental quality objectives) Lepidozia reptans Lemmi ng 3:224 (in species list) northern bog (see SynaptomyB borealis) Siberian (see Lemmus siberiaus helvolus) Lepidozona sp. (chiton, unspecified) 3:202 (in species list) Lemmus siberiaus helvolus (Siberian or brown lemming) 3:242 (in species list) Leptasterias aequalis (starfish) 3:209 (in species list) Lernna triscula (ivy-leaved duckweed) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) Leptochelia (malacostracan) 4:199 (in species list) Lemon Sole (see Parophrys vetulus) Leptoaottus Lenzites (fungi) 2: 86 (estuarine locations of l.sp.) 1:278 (L. saepiaria (in species 11st)) Leptoaottus armatu8 (Pacific staghorn sculpin) Leodicidae (polychaete) 1:113, 114 (migrates from sea into salt wedge of 5:(IB0):(249) (Nanaimo species) Fraser River North & Main arms) 116 (young feeding in Boundary Bay) Leopold, A.S. 88; 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 3:IB0:(374) (Alaskan ecological wildlife :201; 3:216; 4:206; 5:173; 6:195 (in species list) reconnaissance) :(374) (wildlife & timber sales) Leptoaylindrus danicus (diatom) 1:290 (in species list) Lepadomorpha (see Mitella; Lepas) Leptodora kindtii (branchiopod) Lepas anatifera 4:187 (in species list) 2:192 (in species list) Leptoplana sp. (flatworm, unspecified) Lepas hilli 4:190 (in species list) 2:192 (in species list) Leptosphaeria disoors (marine fungus) Lepidametria longicirrata (errant polychaete) 1:278 (in species list) 4:191 (in species list) Leptostraca (malacostracans) Lepidium denBifolium (pepper grass) 4:198 (in species list) 1:284 (in species list) Lepto8ynapta (sea cucumber) Lepidoohitona lineata (mollusc) 4:201 (L.sp; L. transgressor (in species list)) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) Lepus amerioanus washingtoni (snowshoe hare) Lepidogobius lepidus (bay goby) 1:322 (habitat; food) 1:276; 4:207 (in species list) 2:216 (in species list) 4: 98 (inhabit Cowichan-Chemainus region; position in food chain) LeRoy, O.E. 1:IB0:(349); 2:IB0:(249) (preliminary geological Lepidonotu8 aaelorus (errant polychaete) report on a portion of B.C. coast & 6:188 (in species list) adjacent Islands) :(487); 5:IB0:(229) (Nanaimo & New Westminster Lepidonotus sp. (errant polychaete, unspecified) map reference) 6:188 (in species list) 2:IB0:(258) (preliminary geological report on a portion of B.C. coast & adjacent Islands including New Westminster & Nanaimo districts) 145. Les Lew

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Lesko, G.L. : 70(286 ) (delta benthos & geological stability) 1:IB0:(363); 2:IB0:(358, 307); 3:IB0:(300, 310) : 71(286 ) (longterm effect of removing natural (soil ecology in B.C. coastal western geological instability) hemlock zone) : 78(279 ) (Britannia beach benthic organisms) 3:112(367) (coastal western hemlock zone) : 78(279 ) (Pisces IV invertebrate observation) : 79(286 ) (zooplankton) Lettuce : 80(266 ) (marine invertebrates re river runoff blue (see Lactuta pulchella) effects) lobed prickly (see Lactuca serriola) : 85(279 ) (list of fish observed during Pisces IV prickly (see Lactuca scariola) expedition) tall blue (see Lactuca biennis) :101(307 ) (intertidal plant distribution) wild (§ee_ Lactuca sp.) :104(307 ) (species composition of intertidal plants) :104(307 ) (sedges; dominant intertidal plant Leucon (malacostracan) species) 6:190 (L. sp. (in species list)) :106(307 ) (true grasses observed; east delta region) 107(307 ) (small deciduous trees & conifers noted Leucosticte tephroootis (gray-crowned rosy finch) amongst other vegetation) 6:216 (in species list) 149(332 ) (Anisogammarus pugettensis found in vicinity of log booms) Leuoostiote tephroootis littoralis (Hepburn rosy 158(333 ) (water colour & clarity) finch) 161(333 ) (turbidity cloud) 3:241 (in species list) IBO:(266) (seasonal salt wedge observations & temperature, salinity, oxygen & Leuroglossu8 stilbius (deep-sea smelt) suspended solids at four stations 2: 85 (Britannia Beach resident) (sampled monthly)) :201 (in species list) (286) (benthic studies data report) (286) (Howe Sound deep otter trawls re Leverin, H.A. Britannia, Brunswick & Potlatch creeks; 1:IB0:(434) (three reports on Canadian deposits of unpublished data) peat (Sphagnum) moss & its uses) (287) (detailed investigations at Britannia & Port Mellon; unpublished data) Levesque, E. (287) (transects for sediment benthos relation 1:IBO:(463) (impact of Knight Street bridge ships at several Howe Sound beaches) (Vancouver) on allocation of 3: 72(339) (Ridley Island, Porpoise Harbour & industrial land) Wainwright Basin Anisogammarus sp. samples) Levin, E. : 72(339) (insect larvae on east Ridley Island 1:106(414) (adult sockeye salmon enter Fraser shores) River chiefly through the Main Arm; : 72(339) (Anisogammarus sp. & capitellid migration patterns to river spawning polychaetes inhabit Porpoise harbour) tributaries) : 72(339) (oligochaetes inhabit Wainwright Basin :126(430) (coliform bacteria count variability in in vicinity of sulphate waste discharge) delta arms re regional resource 88(354) (estuarine species list) development) 163(391) (impoverished invertebrate faunas located in polluted portions of Wainwright Levings, CD. Basin, Porpoise Harbour & Ridley Island) 1: 92(393, 402) (various reports on invertebrates IBO:(300) (CFAV Laymore cruise report) of silty sediments of Sturgeon bank re :(339) (estuarine benthos studies on selected proposed expansion of Vancouver B.C. mainland deltas) International Airport) :(354) (growth rates of the rock sole : 96(393, 402) (various reports on zooplankton of [Lepidopsetta bilineata) in northeast Sturgeon Bank) Pacific waters) :115(420) (blackbelly eelpout & other fish species :(354) (G.B. Reed, Hecate Strait groundfish collected east of Point Grey) cruise report) :228, 229(349, 420) (effect of lona Island sewage 4: 57(280) (estuarine ecological studies) plant outlet on dissolved oxygen for : 78(287) (Shoal Island intertidal fauna) invertebrates of Sturgeon Bank) 5:IB0:(252) (benthos collected from submarine :231(393, 402) (epifaunal or small infaunal filter cable crossing Strait of Georgia) feeders re sandy stable habitats) 6: 15(257) (re intertidal sediments) :237(420) (important nursery ground off Point : 4l(264) (estuarine systems comparison of Grey for some flatfish) ecological characteristics) :IB0:(402) (unique collection of benthic : 63(264) (stability & factors acting on intertidal invertebrates from an underwater cable substrates) across Strait of Georgia) : 73(267) (re comparative, estuarine gammarid 1(250) (delta size) amphipod habitat studies) 3(266) (Squamish River delta & estuary; map) : 95(271) (rockweed dominance & habitat) 17(258) (intertidal zone definition) :IBO:(269) (intertidal invertebrates & habitats 17(258) (subdivision of tidal flats) of Kitimat River estuary) 18(258) (vertical profile subdivisions) 19(252) (geological areas; map) Lewis, J.R. 38(266) (Squamish River dimensions) 1:IB0:(349); 2:IB0:(249, 279) (some aspects of 43(266) (water temperatures) B.C. littorine ecology) 68(286) (benthic population studies) 5: 71(252) (littoral ecology - biological features) 146. Lew Lin

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Lewi s T 4:103(293) (size of Cowichan River; Indian food 1:IB0:(363); 2:IB0:(258) (soil fossils in Vancouver fishery) area) :153(293) (effects of logging on Cowichan & :(373); 2.:IBO:(266) (hydrological consequences Chemainus fish production) of compaction of coarse glacial soils :IBO:(303, 308, 314) (conservation of fish & during forest harvesting in coastal B.C.) wildlife on the Cowichan-Koksilah flood plain) Leynard, A. 5:142(259, 281) (condition of juvenile salmon 5:151(274, 284) (estuarine importance to fish & related to summer river flow) wildlife resources) :IBO:(274) (Nanaimo city planning) Lim, P.G. 1(250) (delta size) Lichens 100(307) (intertidal plant distribution) 1:143 (on trees, rocks & over soil; of bogs) 104(307) (sedges:dominant intertidal plant :279; 3:223; 4:211 (in species list) species) 2:107 (on log debris) :106(307) (true grasses observed:east delta 3:109 (as bog &transition zone groundcover) region) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-salal-lichen associations) :107(307) (small conifers & deciduous trees :113 (abundance re Douglas fir-swordfern, western noted amongst other vegetation) red cedar-grand fir"-maidenhair fern assoications) Limacina sp. (gastropod, unspecified) Licorice Fern (see Polypodium glycyrrhiza) 3:211 (in species list)

Liebschur, H. Limanda asper (yellowfin sole) 2:IBO:(258) (reconnaissance of Sechelt map area - 1:276; 3:216; 4:207 (in species list) superficial geology) 3:353 (age; growth) 4: 97 (juvenile habitat) Liebzeit, F:. 1:IBO:(463) (land-use asessment of Boundary Bay) Limegrass (see Elymus mollis) Ligia sp. (isopod, unspecified) Limnephilidae (trichopterans) 3:207 (in species 11st) 1:266 (in species list) Lignin (see also Forestry products industry; Pulp and Limnodrilus sp. (oligochaete, unspecified) paper mills) 6:183 (in species list) 1: 55, 56 (levels in estuary waters) Limnodromus griseua (short-billed dowitcher) Lignincola loevis (ascomycete) .1:303 (habitat; food; etc) 4:107 (occur in Cowichan-Chemainus region) 3:238; 4:218; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list)

Ligustioum grayi Limnodromua scolopaceus (long-billed dowitcher) 6:210 (in species list) 1:164, 303 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:121 (season of abundance) Ligu8tichum scoticum (beach lovage) :212; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone 5:106 (seasonal estuarine inhabitant) vegetation) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of) :114, 115 (grass-forb meadow component; headland vegetation; upper beach flora) Limnodromua sp. (dowitcher, unspecified) :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) 2:212 (in species list) :230 (in species list) Limnoria lignorum (isopod) Lilaea scilloides (flowering quillwort) 4:199 (in species list) 3:116 (of lower river mud flats) 5:IB0:(256) (substances toxic to) :230 (in species list) Limoaella aquatioa (mudwort) Lilaeopsis (see Lilaeopsis oocidentalis) 3:116 (in lower mud flats) :230 (in species list) Lilaeopsis oocidentalis (lilaeopsis) 4:213 (in species list) Limpets (see also Aomaea; Colliaella pelta) 1:320 (as food of mouse) Lilaceae (lily family) (see also Clintonia; Disporum; 3: 73 (of Ridley Island transition zone) Fritillaria; Maianthemum; Smilacina; Streptopus; Tofieldia; Veratrum) Lincoln, F.G. 6:206 (in species list) 3:IB0:(372) (Alaskan birds)

Lilium aolumbianum (Columbia or tiger lily) Lindsey, C.C. 3:230 (in species list) 1:101, 102(411) (numbers of migratory, semi- migratory, non-migratory & anadromous fishes Lill, A.F. in lower Fraser River) 4: 48(277) (Koksilah River hydrology) :111(411) (Pacific lamprey distribution in river :100(293) (commercial value of Cowichan-Koksilah system) salmon stocks) :112(411) (American shad in river) 147. Lin Liv

SPECIAL ESTURARY SERIES INDEX

Lindsey, C.C. (cont'd.) Lissodendoryx kyma 1:114(411) (staghorn sculpin &starry flounder in 2:186 (in species list) delta system) :IB0:(421); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(355) (systematics Lister, D.B. of freshwater sculpins in B.C.) 1:104(428) (chum salmon migration patterns in :(421); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(355) (list of Fraser River) marine fishes of Canada) 2: 91(303) (duration of chum salmon migration from 2: 84(293) (list & range distribution of some B.C. Johnstone Strait to Cheakamus-Squamish fish species) River spawning grounds) 3:IB0:(346) (B.C. freshwater fish) 4: 90(296) (re chum salmon migration from Johnstone 4: 96(293) (Cottus aleutious &Cottus asper) Strait to Strait of Georgia & tributary 5: 82(258) (age, location &season of rainbow trout streams) spawning) : 91(296) (residence times of Big Qualicum River chum stocks) Lindstrom, S.C : 92(293) (emergence &migration of Cowichan River 1:147, 148(434) (Fraser River delta macrophytes) juvenile chinook salmon) 4:IBO:(286) (distribution &abundance of the green urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachien- Listera caurina (northwest twayblade) sis in Strait of Georgia) 3:230; 6:207 (in species list) 5: 96(263) (macrophytic biomass) :IBO:(262) (new B.C. marine algal records) Listera convallaroides (broad-lipped twayblade) :(263) (benthic marine algal communities) 3:230; 6:207 (in species list)

Linduska, J.P. Listera cordata (heart-leaved twayblade) 1:177(446) (data on utilization of National 3:230; 6:207 (in species list) Wildlife Refuges) 4:112 (herb of coastal Douglas fir zone) 2:IBO:(315) (Waterfowl Tommorrow) 6:100 (community position; species associations) Lingcod (see Ophiodon elongatus) Listera sp. (twayblade orchid, unspecified) 2:108 (common in Arbutus subzone) Lingonberry (see Vacoinium vitis-idaea) :207 (in species list) 3:112 (coastal forest understory component) Linnaea borealis (twinflower) 3:230; 4:214; 6:201 (in species list) Lists of Species (see Species lists) 4:112 (herb of coastal Douglas fir zone) 6:100 (community position) Lithodes aequispina 3:IB0:(336) (B.C. occurrence of) Lions Gate 1:205 (sewage treatment plant) Lithothamnion sp. (red alga, unspecified) 3:105 (habitat & abundance) Liparis dennyi (marbled snail fish) :222 (in species list) 4:207 (in species list) Little Campbell River (see Campbell River) Liparis florae (tidepool snail fish) 5:173 (in species list) Litton, R.B. Jr. 2:IB0:(325) (forest landscape description & Liparis fucen&is (slipskin snailfish) inventories) 3:216 (in species list) Littorina acutulata (prosobranch) Liparis pulohellus (showy snailfish) 1:IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281) (distribution; abundance) 4:207 (in species list) Littorina sitkana (prosobranch) Liparis rutteri (ringtail snailfish) 1:IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281) (distribution; abundance) 4:207 (in species list) Littorina sp. (periwinkles, unspecified) Lipinus sp. (liparids, unspecfied) 1:225 (temperature effect on) 4:206 (in species list) :302 (food of birds) 2:189; 6:190 (in species list) Lipinus littoralis (seashore lupine) 3:xxii, 74 (habitats) 6:205 (in species list) : 68 (L. sitkana in Porpoise Harbour) : 69, 72, 73 (of Ridley Island red liquor Lipinus sp.(lupine, unspecified) discharge cove & Kitson Island) 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) : 71 (pollution tolerance &abundance of) :205 (in species list) :203; 4:195 (L.sp. (in species list)) -.203; 4:195; 5:166, 169 (L. sitkana (in species list)) Lippa, E.J.R. 3:IB0:(354) (B.C. trawlers & trawl gear) 4:195; 5:166, 169 (L. scutulata (in species list)) -.(362, 363) (B.C. landings of trawl-caught 6: 70 (intertidal species) groundfish, by month & by major & minor statistical area) Liverworts (see Bryophytes)

Lissodendoryx firma Livestock (see Animal (farm) production) 2:186 (in species list) 148. Liv Loo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Livingstone, R. Jr. Logs (see Booming grounds; Deadheads; Forestry 1:IBO:(349) (preliminary bibliography with KWIC Products Industry) index on ecology of estuaries & coastal areas of eastern U.S.A.) Loi8eluria proaumbens (dwarf azalea) 3:115 (muskeg habitat) Lizard :233 (in species list) northern alligator (see Gerrhonotus coeruleus) Lola lubrioa (alga) Lloydia serotina (loydia) 1:147 (dominant on Sturgeon Bank transects) 4:213 (in species list) Loligo opalesoens (squid) Lobaria pulmonaria 4: 79 (Cowichan Bay spawning season) 3:224 (in species list) Lolium italicum (darnel) Lobeliaceae (see also Lobelis) 1:284 (in species list) 6:206 (in species list) Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass) Lobelia dormanii (water lobelia) 1:284 (in species list) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) Lomatium nudicaule (pestle parsnip) Lobelis lobatus (nothern lobelia) 4:213 (in species list) 4:218; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) Long Beech (see Thelypteris phegopteris) Lobipes lobatus (northern lobelia) 4:218; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) Longfin Smelt (see Spirinohus thaleiohthys)

Lockie, D.A. Long-legged Flies (see Dolichopodidae) 4:IB0:(270) (petrographic analysis of selected southwest B.C. limestone) Longnose Dace (see Rhinichthys faloatus )

Lockwood Survey Corporation Limited Longnose Skate (see Raja rhina) 1:IBO:(487) (map of Sturgeon Banks - Point Roberts project) Longnose Sucker (see Catostomas catostomus)

Log Handling Longsnout Prickleback (see Lumpenella longirostri) 1:IB0:(473) (Fraser River log towing) :(478); 2:IB0:(332); 3:IB0:(390) (re water Longspur & fish) chestnut-collared 2:145, 146 (problems) (see Caloarius ornatus) :146 (re relative bark losses & sinking rates Lapland (see Calaarius lapponious) incurred in) Smith (see Caloarius piotus) :146 (aesthetics re lost bark; biological effects of lost bark) :147, 149, 150 (chemistry) Long-tailed Jaeger (see Stercorarius longcaudus) 4:IBO:(312) (methods) 6:xxviii, 128, 151, 152 (locations, extent of & Lonicera cilosa (orange honeysuckle) proposed future) 1:287; 4:214 (in species list) :151, 152 (Minette Bay operations & effects) :152, 153 (deleterious effects of) Lonicera dioioa glaucesoens (red honeysuckle) 5:183 (in species list) Log Storage 1:IB0:(456) (monthly statistics) Lonicera hispidula (hairy honeysuckle) :(477, 479); 2:IB0:(331, 333); 3:IB0:(389, 4:214 (in species list) 391); 4:IB0:(314); 5;IB0:(280) (re public waters) Lonicera involuorata (honeysuckle; black twinberry) 147 (volatile solid levels) 1:287; 2:208; 3:230, 233; 4:214; 6:201 (in species 147 (Howe Sound locations) list) 147, 148 (bottom composition) 2:111 (Lonicera-Rubu8 ecosystem type) 148 (typical benthic communities re depth) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone 3:163 (re Canadian Cellulose pulp mill) vegetation) 4:138 (re MacMillan Bloedel leases) 6: 94, 96, 102 (community position) 154(312) (environmental & long & short term : 96, 102 (species associations) effects of) 154(312); 5:xxviii; 6:xxviii, 128 (locations) Loomis, B. :155 (regulations) 6:161(281) (area affected by fluoride emissions) 159 (extent of) :xxviii; 6:xxviii, 128 (environmental effects) Loon :129 (ownership; estuarine controlling Arctic (aee Gavia arctica) authorities & extent of) common (see Gavia immer) :154 (effect on intertidal habitat) red-throated (see Gavia atellata) ixxviii (proposed future) yellow-billed (see Gavia adamaii) 152, 153 (deleterious effects of) Loosestrife purple (see Lythrum salicaria) 149. Lop Luc

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Lophooolea heterophyIla Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board 3:224 (in species list) 183(463, 464, 465) (urban sprawl, etc. re delta future residential development) Lophodytes oucullatus (hooded merganser) 183, 184(464) (farming versus livestock economics 1:163, 298; 2:117; 5:108 (diet) on Fraser River delta) 163, 298; 5:108 (habitat) 187, 189, 235(464, 465) (recreational use & 217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) proposed development of delta lands] 117 (numbers) 190(464, 465) (beaches & marinas re recreational 117; 4:117 (distribution) use of delta foreshores) 117; 5:108 (seasonal estuarine movements & 191, 234(464) (present & future industrial & locations) economic development) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list] IBO (463) (Roberts Bank area) 4:117 (wintering & nesting grounds) (464) (municipal planning for Delta Municipality) Lopholithodes foraminatus (464) (proposed Boundary Bay industrial 2:192; 3:208 (in species list) development scheme) (464) (concept for development of lower Lopholithodes mandtii mainland region) 2:192 (in species list) (465) (rationalizing use of lower Fraser Valley resources) Lophopanopeus bellus (decapod) (465) (White Rock City study) 4:200 (in species list) (465) (rail service to Roberts Bank port facility) Lophortyx californicus (California quail) (465) (regional districts in lower mainland) 1:170, 300 (habitat; food; etc.) (465) (co-ordinate systems for lower mainland) 4:122 (location of; residential status) :218; 5:187 (in species list) Lowland Coniferous Forest 6: 99, 100 (location; zonal characteristics; species Lophozia incisa composition; forest structure; ecology) 2:224 (in species list) :103 (avian importance)

Lora (gastropod) Lowland Deciduous Swampland 4:195 (L. sp. (in species list)) 6:101, 102 (location; distribution; zonal characteristics; species composition; Lord, CS. forest structure; density; ecology) 3:IBO:(310) (McConnel map-area, Cassiar District, :103 (avian importance) B.C.) Loxia curvirostra (red crossbill) Lord, J.K. 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:IBO:(446) (the naturalist in 1866 Vancouver 2:215; 4:222; 5:191; 6;217 (in species list) Island & B.C.) Loxia curvirostra minor (American crossbill) Lota lota (burbot) 3:241 (in species list) 1:102 (in Fraser River tributaries & perhaps in mainstem) Loxia curvirostra sitkensis (Sitka crossbill) 3: 85 (habitat; salmon predators) 2:215 (in species list) :216 (in species list) Loxia leucoptera (white-winged crossbill) Louder, D.E. 5:147(282) (fish production & stream cover) Loydia (see Lloydia serotina)

Lovely Fir (see Abies amabilis) Lucas, C.C. 1: 78(384, 385) (early oceanography of Fraser River Low, C.J. estuary) 1:IB0:(402) (factors affecting distribution & :148(434) (diatoms & other phytoplankton abundance abundance of two B.C. beach crab in Strait of Georgia off estuary) (Hemigrapsus) species) :IB0:(384); 2:IB0:(272) (seasonal variations in chemical & physical properties of Low, D.D. Strait of Georgia waters re 4: 52(277) (Cowichan Bay water quality with phytoplankton) respect to shellfish production) :(384); 5;IB0:(263) (strait of Georgia :149(314) (factors affecting Cowichan Bay waters) epithalassa) :(434); 2:IB0:(272) (oceanographic survey of Lowdon, J.A. Strait of Georgia) 3:IB0:(310); 5:IB0:(227) (Geological Survey of :(485) (bio-hydrographical investigation of Canada radiocarbon dates) sea adjacent to Fraser River mouth) 4: 19(268) (radiocarbon dating of the southern B.C. Quaternary Period) Lucas, V.Z. : 19(268) (re Cowichan Ice Tongue) 5:IB0:(252) (Vancouver Island ostracoda) :19 (268) (Vashon drift geological history) Lucinidae Lowenstam, H.A. 6:190 (in species list) 4-.IB0:(268) (marine benthos & depositional environment of sediments) 150. Luc Lut

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Lucinoma (clams) Lumbrinereis (polychaeta) 1:264 (L. sp. (in species list) 1:262; 4:191; 6:188 (L. latreilli & L. sp. (in species list)) Lucinoma annulata (bivalve) 3:199 (in species list) 4: 76 (deep water transition community abundance) 4: 74 (ecological significance of L. sp. in Stuart :196 (in species list) Channel) :191 (L. bifurcata (in species 11st)) Lucinoma tenuiaoulpta (bivalve) 4:196 (in species list) Lumbriner8ia bicirrata (polychaeta) 3:199 (in species list) Lucop. J-A. 3:IB0:(360) (catalogues of salmon spawning grounds Lumbriner8ia luti (polychaeta) & tabulation of escapements in the 3:199 (in species list) Skeena River & Department of Fisheries area 4) Lumpenella longirostri (longsnout prickleback) 5:173 (in species list) Ludwig, H.F. 1:226(378) (benthic species diversity increases Lumpenus sagitta (Pacific snake prickleback) from head to mouth of an estuary) 1:276; 2:201; 4:206; 5,173 (in species list) 2:IBO:(267, 280) (estuarine water quality & 2: 85 (estuarine resident) biological population indices) Lunda oirrhata (tufted puffin) Luidia foliata 3:236 (in species list) 2:195 (in species list) Lunda cornioulata (horned puffin) Lukey, L.J. 1:IB0:(451); 2:IB0:(319) (occurrences; B.C. 1:IBO:(465) (approach to Delta Municipality status) land use problems) Lupine (see Lupinus sp.) Lulu Island 1: 2 (re estuarial area) Lupinus sp. (Lupine) : 11, 17 (sediment geology) 6:205 (in species list) : 17 (suggested cause of swales) :127,. 137 (nature & deposition activity of Luscher, R.E. alluvial deposits re flora) 1:IB0:(441) (semipalmated plover breeding at :137 (land use; marsh & mudflat vegetation) Vancouver) :157 (use by lesser snow geese) .:170 (isolated flocks of European gray partridge) Lusk, B.M. :197 (peat areas unsuitable for industrial 1:IB0:(386) (summary of hydrographic & oceano structure) graphic information on some B.C. :202, 340 (sewage trunk system & treatment plant) estuaries) :327 (waterfowl census table) 6: 40(264) (status of Kitimat Arm & estuary :328 (raptor birds 1970 census) hydrographic & oceanographic :IBO:(457, 465) (industrial potential) information) :(466) (marsh aquisition proposals) Lutenauer, J.L. Lulu Island South Shore Industries 1: 12, 14, 21, 26(363) (sediments, sedimentation 1:IB0:(465) (industrial potential of south shore & sedimentation processes of Fraser in Fraser River delta) River western delta front) : 28, 263 (recent retreat of upper fore-slope of Lulworthia floridana (ascomycete) Roberts Bank) 4:107 (occur in Cowichan-Chemainus region) :IB0:(360) (textures of delta calcitic cements) :(374) (sediment budget of delta-front) Lulworthia medusa (ascomycete) 3:IB0:(310) (Skeena delta estuary sediment 4:107 (occur in Cowichan-Chemainus region) transects; delta-front sediment grid; 5: 91 (inhabits Nanaimo region) three southern delta cores; three CSP lines) Lulworthia opaoa (marine fungus) 1:278 (in species list) Lutra canadensis (Canadian river otter) 1:171. 323 (food) Lumbriculidae (oligochaetes) :171, 323; 5:110; 6:109 (habitat) 6:183 (in species list) :217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) 2:126 (estuarine inhabitant) Lumbrious sp. (earthworms, unspecified) :218; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) 1:161 (as food of estuarial birds) 4:125 (regional abundance; frequency of occurrence; :165 (as food of gulls on wet turf of airports, economic importance) causing airport hazards) 6:109 (abundance) :319 (as food of moles) 4:185 (L. terrestri8 (in species list)) Luttmerding, H.A. 1:141(434) (soil types of Fraser River delta tidal marshes) :IB0:(363); 2:IB0:(258) (soil survey of Delta & Richmond municipalities) 151. Luz Mac SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Luzula multiflora (woodrush) Lyons, C.P. 3:230 (in species list) 2:IBO:(307) (B.C. trees, flowers & shrubs to know)

Luzula parviflora (woodrush) Lyonsia pugetenses 3:230 (in species list) 4:196 (in species list) Luzula sp. (woodrush, unspecified) Lyopsetta exilis (slender sole) 6:205 (in species list) 1:276; 2:201; 3:216; 5:173 (in species list) 4: 97 (juvenile habitat) Lycichiton amerioanum (yellow skunk cabbage) 1:284 (in species list) Lyparidae (snailfish family) 6:195 (in species list) Lycodopsis paoifica (blackbelly eelpout) 1:115(420) (shallows around Point Grey as important Lysichitum amerioanum (skunk cabbage) nursery & feeding ground) 3:113 (floodplain vegetation) IBO:(349, 420) (abundance) :113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone 85, 159 (estuarine; Britannia Beach residents) understory vegetation) 201; 3:216 (in species list) :115 (muskeg flora) :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) Lyooperdon (gemmed puffball fungus) :230; 5:180; 6:200 (in species list) 1:278 [L. sp. (in species list)) 4:113 (re swampy flora) 6: 96, 99, 101, 102 (dominance; habitat; species Lycopodiaceae (club-moss family) (see also Lycopodium) associations) 6:206 (in species list) : 99, 101, 102 (forest position) Lycopodium annotinum (stiff club-moss) Lythrum saliaaria (purple loosestrife) 3:224; 6:206 (in species list) 1:142 (in marshes of river's lower South Arm) Lycopodium clavatum (running club-moss) 3:224; 5:183; 6:206 (in species list) 6:100 (abundance; species associations)

Lycopodium lucidulum 3:224 (in species list) Lycopodium selogo (club-moss) 6:206 (in species list) MacAskie, I.B. Lycopodium sp. (club-moss, unspecified) 1:IB0:(446) (unusual group behaviour of killer 3:109 (bog vegetation) whale) :(451); 3:IB0:(377) (B.C. marine mammals) Lycopus uniflorus (bugle-weed) 2:124(318) (general information re B.C. marine 6:205 (in species list) mammals)

Lyford, J.H. Jr. MacDonald, D.R. 1:IBO:(393) (primary production & community 6:160(284) ("tip-burn" symptoms) structure of an estuarine impoundment) :164(284) (re slash burning &smoke management investigations) Lygaeidae (seed bugs) :IB0:(271) (Kitimat estuary forestry information) 1:266 (in species list) MacDonald, G.F. Lyme-grass 3:IB0:(306) (mapping & excavations at the Kitselas sea (see Elymus mollis) Canyon fortress) :(311) (northern B.C. coast activities report) Lymnaea (gastropod) :(311, 383) (preliminary cultural sequences 4:186 (L. palustris; L. stagnalis (in species list)) from the B.C. Coastal-Tsimshian area) Lynch, A.J. 1:IB0:(372) (lower B.C. mainland air quality study) MacDonald, J.A. 18(257) (re gravel removal) Lyngbye's Sedge (see Carex lyngbyei) 75(267) (re clam harvest) 84(269) (herring spawn area) Lynx lynx canadensis (Canada lynx) 84, 89(269) (groundfish sport fishing catches) 2:218, 243; 6:218 (in species list) 85(269) (salmon exploitation rates by species) 6:110 (regional sightings of) 85(269) (commerical herring roe fishing locations) Lynx rufus (bobcat) 90(269) (Kitamaat Indian salmon food fishery 2:218 (in species list) statistics) 109(273) (sea lion harvests) Lyons, C 109(273) (regional harbour seal populations) 1:119(420) (history of B.C. sockeye salmon fishing 128(276) (re logging activities) industry) 146(284) (historical Beaver & Anderson Creek 2:IB0:(298) (Salmon: Our Heritage) salmon runs) :151(284) (Kitimat River silt levels) 152. Mac Mac

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

MacDonald, J.V. MacKintosh, E.E. 134(321) (Squamish port development) 1: 14(363) (mineralogy & chemistry of lower Fraser 135(321) (development possibilities of delta] Valley alluvial sediments) 137(321) (dyke additions & re-evalution) 138(321) (recreational use of Howe Sound) MacLaren, J.W. 1:205(478) (summary of major pollution control MacDonald, R.D. schemes for Greater Vancouver area 1: 20(360) (cementation of recent sediments in sewage disposal into Fraser River Fraser River estuary channels) delta waters) : 84(400) (invertebrates on cemented sandstone in channels) MacNab, G.F. 3:IB0:(311) (C.S.P. survey of Dixon Entrance & 1:IB0:(446) [Fraser River preliminary recreation Masset Inlet) survey)

Machidori, S. Macoma (see also Clams) 5: 83(259) (ecological importance of Cottus asper l:xvi (dominant species in deeper bottom off & Cottus aleutious) Sturgeon & Roberts Banks) :231 (common on sandy bottoms such as Sturgeon MacKay, A.H. Bank) 5: 91(261) (Departure Bay marine macrophyte :264; 3:196 (W. alaskana; M. carlottensis; collection notes) M. caloarea; M. inoongrua (in species list)) 3: 72 (habits of) MacKay, B.R. :196 (M. brota; M. inquinata (in species list)) 5:IBO:(229) (re Canadian coal reserve) :196; 5:167, 170 (M. seota (in species list)) 4:IB0:(267, 285) (habitat; distribution; ecology) MacKay, B.S. :(285) (taxonomy) 3: 40(327) (Hecate Strait oceanographic studies) 6: 71 (Kitimat Arm habitats)

MacKay, D.C.G. Maooma eliminata (bivalve) 1: 99(402, 403) (Dungeness & rock crab in 1:264; 3:204 (in species list) Boundary Bay) :107(420) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye Macoma inoonspicua (bivalve) salmon migration into & within 2:191; 3:204; 5:167, 170; 6:190 (in species list) Fraser River) 3: 68 (in Porposie Harbour) 2:IB0:(287); 3:IB0:(339) (Pacific edible crab 6:xxvi, 73 (habitat & species dominance) (Cancer magister)) : 73 (substrate preference) 3:IB0:(354) (Skeena River investigation) Macoma irus (bivalve) MacKay, D.K. 3: 68 (in Porpoise Harbour) 4: 43(277) (discharges & runoff characteristics of :204 (in species list) the Cowichan-Chemainus river system) 5:IBO:(237) (Canadian river discharge & runoff Macoma nasuta (bent-nosed clam) characteristics) 1: 89 (in & off mouth of main river channel) 2:191; 3:204; 4:196; 5:167, 170 (in species list) MacKay, D.L. 1:215, 216, 217(474) (landfill sites in Fraser Maooma sp. (bivalve, unspecified) River delta for refuse disposal) 1: 91 (in Richmond Nature Park) :216(474) (recycling of refuse) : 93 (re biomass off delta flats) :IB0:(484) (consolidation of amendments to Rawn :264 (in species list) report on sewerage & drainage of 2: 70 (a dominant Mamquam delta, lower zone Greater Vancouver area) organism) 4: 73 (re biomass found in substrates of Cowichan MacKay, R.H. Bay, Satellite Channel) 1:IB0:(442); 2:IB0:(313) (aerial waterfowl : 74 (Stuart Channel habitat) reconnaissance along B.C. coast) : 74 (in Crofton vicinity) :(446) (use of Boundary Bay by waterfowl hunters & migrating birds & effects Maora (amphipods) of reclamation thereon) 1:268 (M. dubia (in species list)) :(446); 2:IB0:(315); 3:IB0:(375) (black brant hunting in B.C.) MacRae, E. :(446, 448) (data on waterfowl kill for 4:IBO:(269) (profile & chemical characteristics lower B.C. mainland in six different of fertilized soils) years) :(465) (brief against proposed reclamation of Macrobenthos (see also Eelgrass; Seaweeds) Boundary Bay) 1: 80 (definition of) :291-292 (in species list) MacKinnon, D. 1:IB0:(417); 3:IB0:(351) (use of an artifical Macrofauna (see also Amphibians; Invertebrates; spawning channel by salmon) Mammals; Reptiles) 3:IB0:(345) (observations on olfactory perception 1: 80 (definition of) in migrating coho & spring salmon) 153. Mac Mam

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Macrophyta, aquatic (see also species list reference Malacocottus kincaidi (blackfin sculpin) hereunder) 6:195 (in species list) 1:147 (of estuary) :291-292 (in species list) Malacostrata (see taxonomic subdivisions, also :IB0:(434); 2:IB0:(307) (benthic biomass species list reference hereunder) estimates) 1:267-268, 274; 2:192, 193, 199; 3:207, 213; 4:188, 4:106 (extent of location of) 198; 5:167, 170; 6:187, 190 (in species list) :IB0:(297) (status of knowledge) 5: 96 (motility, biomass comparisons &factors Malaxis monophyllos brachipoda influencing; primary production rates) 6:207 (in species list) 6:152 (re log handling & storage) Malaxis paludos Madder (see Galium triflorum) 6:207 (in species list) Maldane (polychaetes) Madreporaria (stony corals) (see Balanophyllia) 1:263; 3:201; 4:193; 6:189 (M. glebifex (in species list)) Madrona (see Arbutus menzieii) Maldanidae (polychaetes) Magnesium Ion 3:201; 6:189 (in species list) 1: 57, 59 (levels in estuary waters) 5:IBO:(249) (Nanaimo species) 212 (in industrial effluents) 255-257 (routine determination in river basin Mai 1ard (see Anas platyrhynchos) waters; re water quality) Mallard, D. Maher, F.P. 1:IBO:(349) (Fraser River Report) 1:IB0:(420) (Fraser River steelhead trout) 2:IB0:(298) (steelhead trout investigation notes) Malloch, G.S. 3:IB0:(311) (upper Skeena reconnaissance between Mahon, J. Hazel ton & Groundhog coal field) 1:IB0:(434) (lower Fraser Valley black cottonwood stands empirical yields) Mallomonas sp. (algae, unspecified) 3:220 (in species list) Mahonia nervosa (Oregon grape) 3:233 (in species list) Mallotus villosus (capelin) 1:276; 2:201; 3:216; 4:207; 5:173; 6;195 (in Mahood, H.W. species list) 3:IBO:(382) (removal of fish-toxic organic solutes 3: 86, 87 (incubation period & emergence behaviour) from whole Kraft effluent by 86, 87; 6: 84 (spawning location & season) biological oxidation & the role of 92 (local use & fishing methods) wood furnish extractives) 97 (estuarine inhabitant; spawning habitat; 6: 84(269) (alleged eulachon tainting & the juvenile behavior) Kitamaat Indian fishery) 6: 84 (abundance) :150(285) (edibility of resident trout & migratory salmon) Mallow globe (see Sphaeraleea glossulariaefolia) Maianthemum dilatation (wild lily-of-the-valley) 2:106 (in grass communities) Malmgrenia lunulata (errant polychaete) :111 (Lonicera-Rubus; Ribes-Oplopanax & 4:191 (in species list) Symphorioarpos ecosystem types) :207; 3:230; 4:213; 6:206 (in species list) Malus diversifolia (Pacific crabapple; wild crabapple) 3:112 (coastal forest understory component) 1:289; 3:234 (in species list) :113 (floodplain vegetation) :113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone Malus pumila (apple) vegetation) 1:289 (in species list) :114 (nitrogen tolerance; salt tolerance; habitat) Malus sp. (domestic apple, unspecified) : 116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) 4:215 (in species list) 4:113 (re swamp herbs) 6: 98 (alluvial flood plain forest associations) Malysheff, A. : 99 (community position; abundance) 1:295-298, 318 (birds of Fraser River delta) Main Channel of Fraser River (for estuarial, see Mammals (see also names of species) South Arm; for above estuary, see_ Fraser River 171-172 (re Fraser River delta) system) 300, 306, 311 (as prey of birds) 319, 321, 323 (as prey of other mammals) Major, J 319-327 (table of habitat, food & abundance, by 2: 24(307) (soil formation factors: climate, species) parent material, relief, plants, IB0:(438, 451); 2:IB0:(310, 319); 3:IB0:(370, animals & time) 378) (ecological life history studies of marine mammals) 154. Htm Map

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Mammtls (see alao names of species) (cont'd) Mansueti, A.J. l:IB0:(4TTTr2TlB0:(318); 3:IBO:(377, 378) (marine) 1:IB0:(392) (estuarine biology) I: 98 (vegetation is food & cover of) :124 (general Information sources) Manures :125 (big game distributions) 1:209-210 (disposal problems of stock & poultry; :126 (estuarine inhabitants) re high biological oxygen demand & :130 (position 1n food chain) proportion of solids) :241; 4:223; 5:191 (in species list) 3:IB0:(375) (Alaskan distribution) Manville, R.H. 4:123-125 (bats; ungulates) 3:IB0:(375) (Alaskan mammal distribution) :123-125; 5:110-112; 6:109, 110 (rodents; seals; sea-11ons; whales) Manzer, J.I. :123-125; 6:109, 110 (carnivores) 1:IBO:(421) (pink & chum salmon tagging in :IB0:(301); 6:IB0:(273) (Canadian) Johnstone Strait & Discovery Passage) 5:110-112; 6:109, 110 (deer) 3: 75(339, 355) (stomach contents of Chatham Sound salmon) Mamquam River : 80(354) (estuarine distribution of sockeye 2: xi (course change) salmon) :IBO:(247, 252, 313) (environmental impact) : 81(354) (estuarine distribution of pink salmon) [248, 280, 294) (underwater inspection) : 83(354) (estuarine distribution of chum salmon) (248, 294) (biological consequences) :IBO:(354) (lemon sole growth in northern Hecate (248, 250, 295) (coal terminal) Strait) (254, 268) (flow data) (290, 323) (development prospects) Maple (315) (wildlife) broadleaf (see Acer macrophyllum) (322) (hydro-electric development) Japanese (see Acer palmatum) (324) (land use issues) Manchurian isee Acer ginnala) (328) (sample collection) silver see Acer dasycarpum) sycamore (see Acer pseudoplatanus) Management (see also Bird Sanctuary; Fisheries vine (see_ Acer oiroinatum) and Fishery resources; Hunting; Land use; Recreation) Maple Bay 1:193 (authorities for waterfronts & waterfront 4:132 (economic basis) usages of river arms) :253 (re estuaries) Maps :IB0:(445) (re wildlife habitat) l:front cover (Fraser River delta, estuary & 4:IBO:(282, 316) (government functions) contiguous waters) 5:IBO:(272) (resource oriented policies) : 3; 2:2; 3:2; 4:3; 5:32; 6:34 (estuary drainage systems) Manayunkia (sabellid polychaetes) : 4 (delta study area) l:xvi, 263 (M. aesturina on Sturgeon & Roberts : 11 (delta geology) Banks.) : 34, 35 (average annual precipitation) : 93 (on lona Island tidal flats) : 34, 35; 3:14; 4:32; 5:20; 6:22 (delta climato 2: 70 (prominent Mamquam delta, intermediate zone logical stations) species) : 39 (delta January & July mean temperatures) :188 (M. ae8turina (in species list)) : 65-67 (estuary horizontal distribution of salinity at different depths) Manganese Ion : 98 (estuary major invertebrate growing & 1: 58 (levels in estuary waters) fishery areas) : 90 (levels in Sturgeon & Roberts Banks marine :130 (delta major vegetation areas) macrofauna) :152 (Pacific flyways in North America for birds) :212 (in industrial effluents) :154 (foreshore areas important to wildfowl) :255-257 (routine determination localities in :182 (delta land presently in agriculture) river basin; for extractable & :188 (delta recreational land use —beaches & dissolved; re water quality) wildlife refuges) :234 (delta & estuarial areas proposed for future Mangilia (gastropod) industrial development) 4:195 (in species list) :235 (delta & estuarial areas proposed for recreational development) Mann, K.H. :236 (delta & estuarial sensitive areas for fish 5: 96(263) (eelgrass importance) & wildlife) 6: 95(271) (detrital contribution of eelgrass to :IBO:(455) (re resources) estuarine food web) :(484-488) (bibliography of sources of pertinent maps) Mannagrass (see Glyceria oocidentalis) 2:front cover (Squamish River delta, estuary & contiguous waters) Manning, J.H. : 3 (re delta & estuary) 4:IBO:(288) (distribution of oyster larvae & spat : 12 (major geological features of Howe Sound) in relation to some estuarine tidal : 19 (geological areas of the Squamish River factors) delta) : 73 (invertebrate sampling stations) 155. Map Mar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Maps (see also photographs) (cont'd) 6:front cover (Kitimat River delta, estuary & 2 105 major vegetation zones of Squamish delta) contiguous waters) 115 estuarine distribution of dabbling ducks 2 (Kitimat River location) & swans) 3 (Kitimat River estuary) 125 big game distribution in the Squamish River 48 (Douglas Channel-Kitimat Arm sampling stations] drainage basin) 68 (area of saddleback looper & spruce budworm) 142 major sources of pollutants for Squamish 86 (inside waters of Area 6) River estuary and Howe Sound) 93 (Kitimat River estuary vegetation) IBO: 339, 340) (Squamish area) 97 (land units of the lower Kitimat River Valley) front cover (Skeena River delta, estuary & :115 (Kitimat District land use) contiguous waters) 119 (Kitimat District recreational areas) 3 Skeena River estuary) :120 (proposed recreational & outdoor educational 14 delta front sediment sample locations & area) continuous seismic profile tracklines) ;124 (Port of Kitimat) 107 Flora Bank eelgrass distribution) :141 (discharge & sampling sites in Alcan vicinity) 111 vegetation zones of potential bulk-loading :147 (effluent disposal plan - Eurocan mi 11 site) sites) ;IBO:(257) (Lakelse Lake) 126 hauling-out sites of the harbour seal) :(274) (Kitimat Arm) 146 locations & types of effluent discharges to the Skeena estuary) March, G.L. IBO: 306) (archaeology — Smithers, Hazel ton, 1:IBO:(447) (food resource & mineral-gravelling Fort St. James, Cassiar & adjacent activity of band-tailed pigeon in coastal districts) B.C.) 307) (geology) 309) (Skeena River charts; Prince Rupert; Marcus Passage Terrace) 3: xx (channels part of the Skeena's flow into 397) (Zymoetz River area) Chatham Sound) front cover (Cowichan-Chemainus River delta, : 60 (depth & navigation method) estuary & contiguous waters) 2 of Cowichan-Chemainus estuaries) Mare's Tai1 (see Hippuris vulgaris) 32 Cowichan-Chemainus River estuaries — climatological station locations) Margarites lirulatus 59 Stuart Channel, Crofton pulp mill vicinity, 2: 75, 148 (in booming grounds) showing the effluent pipeline & adjacent :189 (in species list) oyster leases) 75 fibre deposition around Crofton pulp mill) Margarites sp. 109 major vegetation zones on Chemainus River 2:189; 3:203; 4:195 (in species list) delta) 110 major vegetation zones on the Cowichan- Margolis, L. Koksilah River delta) 1:IBO:(447) (list of parasites from sea mammals 118, 119 (wintering waterfowl habitat rating re from west coast of North America) Chemainus & Ladysmith Harbour) 131 Cowichan Valley Regional District electoral Mariculture areas) 1:IB0:(345); 2:IB0:(246) (brief) 139 Cowichan River estuary land use) 146 pollution sources near Cowichan River estuary) Marier, J.R. 147 oyster leases & pollution sources near 2:151(333) (effects of pulp mill wastes on the Chemainus River estuary) receiving environment) 148 (oyster leases & pollution sources in 3:155(391) (environmental effects of pulp mill Ladysmith Harbour) wastes) 227-231; 5:195-100; 6:220-222 (topographical, :IBO:(391) (effects of pulp & paper wastes on geological & miscellaneous maps; hydro- aquatic life, with particular refe graphical charts; aerial photographs) rence to fish & bioassay procedures front cover (Nanaimo River delta, estuary & for assessment of harmful effects) contiguous waters) 2 (Nanaimo River estuary) Marigold 46 (Northumberland Channel & adjacent waters) marsh (see Caltha asarifolia) 79 (recoveries of nosetagged 1973 brood Nanaimo River chinook salmon in Strait of Georgia) Marine Sciences Directorate 85 (extent of herring spawning in Nanaimo area) 1: 8 (source of information) 95 (diagrammatic representation of flora on 2:IBO:(273) (proceedings of the Strait of Georgia Nanaimo River estuary) workshop) : 99 (biogeoclimatic subzones of Nanaimo River 3:IB0:(327) (Skeena River estuary) watershed based on climax vegetation) :103 (locations of major bird concentrations Marinas over-wintering on estuary) 1:190 (possible development in Boundary Bay) 116 (Nanaimo City Limits) :195 (waterfront usage) 124 (waterfront uses) :228 (re water pollution) 127 (Port of Nanaimo alternate development sites) :IBO:(394) (associated benthos) 135; 6:133 (estuarine pollution sources) 4:135, 157 (development; abundance; locations) 202 (foreshore leases) :157 (benthic debris & environmental degradation) IBO:(271) (estuarine ownership) :IB0:(315) (ecology) 5:132 (Nanaimo region abundance of) 156. Mar Mar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Markert, J.R. 1: in 79(391)(saltwedgeintrusion deeperparts Marr, B.E. Fraser River of estuary & of river 2:IB0:(325)(erosion& flood control in the east to Port Mann) lower SquamishValley) 48(277)(annualoceanographicmonitoringdue to moderateindustrialpollution) 53(277)(compensatory,sub-surface,upstream MarshHawk (see Circus cyaneus) waterreplacementcurrent) 62(277)(currentmeasurementsspanningseveral MarshMarigold(seeCaltha asarifolis) tidalcycles) 41(331)(effectivenessof pollutioncontrol Marshall, D.E. measures) 4: 48(277)(KoksilahRiverhydrology) 51(331)(estuarinesalinityranges) :100(293)(commercialvalueof Cowichan-Koksilah 192(331)(InvernessPassagespringoceanographic salmon stocks) data) :103(293)(size of CowichanRiver Indianfood 195(331)(InvernessPassageautumn oceanographic fishery) data) :153(293)(effectsof loggingon Cowichan& 61(277)(StuartChannelproductivity) Chemainusfish production) 62(277)(currentmeasurements) :IBO:(303,308, 314)(conservationof fish & IBO:(282)(VancouverIslandeast coast physical wildlife on the Cowichan-Koksilah & chemicaloceanographicdata) flood plain) 42(247)(oceanographicstudiesre Harmacpulp mill pollution) Marshall, J.R. 52(247)(oceanographicstations) 3:IB0:(311)(LakelseLakemap-area) 139(283)(NorthumberlandChannelcharacteristics) 40(265)(reKitimatArm& estuaryhydrographic Marshall, K.B. & oceanographicinformation) 1:IBO:(466)(assessmentof BoundaryBaywaterfront 54(265) (late summer oxygen distributionin propertyvalues) Kitimat Arm) 57(265)(surfacedrag & currentmeter Marshes, salt or tidal observations) l:xvi(contributionto estuarialdetritus& food IBO:(265)(Fisher Channel-CousinsInlet, Douglas chain) Channel-KitimatArm & Prince Rupert 21-22,25 (resedimentation& tidalflats) oceanographicobservations) 25 (evolutionof hummocksin BoundaryBay) :(287)(northernB.C. & VancouverIslandwest 87(faunaof BoundaryBay) coast physical& chemicaloceanograph 90, 91 (invertebratefauna of SturgeonBank ic data) tidal) :114 (as sourceof invertebratefoodof fish& Maries E.W. importanceas salinitytransitionzone for 1:IB0:(385);2:IB0:(273);3:IB0:(327);5:IB0:(243) migratingfish) (physicaloceanographybibliography :130(mapof majorareas) of oceanographicinformationfor B.C. :134,138 (saltmarshcommunitybest developed southerncoast insidewaters) mainlyaroundBeachGrove;dominant :(386);2:IB0:(273);5:IB0:(243)(biological vegetationspeciesis Salioornia oceanographybibliographyof above) virginioa: (listofotherspecies)) :(386);2:IB0:(273);3:IB0:(327);5:IB0:(243) :137(461)(of LuluIsland& BrunswickPoint) (summaryof hydrographic& oceanographic :140-141(of islandsin NorthArm of river; informationon some B.C. estuaries) Ladner marsh area) 6: 40(264) (Kitimat Arm & estuary hydrographic& :231(idealhabitatfor wide varietyof flora& oceanographicinformation) fauna) :IBO:(348)(conservation) Marmot (350);2:IB0:(250);3:IB0:(301)(management) hoary (seeMarmotaoaligata) (352,460) (biota) VancouverIsland (seeMarmotavancouverensio) (352,460);2:IB0:(253,314);3:IB0:(304) woodchuck (seeMarmotamonax) (status) :(392);2:IB0:(278)(ditchingre biologyof) Marmotacaligata (hoarymarmot) :(393);2:IB0:(279,306);3:IB0:(367)(pro 1:323(as preyof bear) duction literature) 2:217;3:242(in specieslist) :(433)(literaturesummary) :(437);2:IB0:(310);3:IB0:(369)(energy Marmota monax (woodchuck) balance) 3:242(inspecieslist) :(445)(waterfowlhabitat) :(445,461) (recreationalvalue) Marmotasp. (marmots,unspecified) 175(harbourdevelopmentproposal) 3:122(inhabitSkeenaregion) IB0:(248)(importanceof) IBO:(279);3:IBO:(333)(reestuarineproduction) Marmota vancouverensia (VancouverIslandmarmot) : 304) (plants) 4:223;5:191(inspecieslist) 3:IB0:(298)(valueof) 5:111, 112 (habitat;abundance;biologicalstudies; 4: 23(morphologyof Chemainus) conservationefforts) 25(algalmats& peatdeposits) :IBO:(268)(socialbehavior;ecology) 25 (accretionmechanisms) 26 (sedimentcomposition,distribution& origin) 157. Mar Mat

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Marshes, salt or tidal (cont'd) Mastigophora (see Dinoflagellida) 4:108 (boundaries) 111 (community locations) Masu Salmon (see Oncorhynohus masou) 155 (replacement) 94 (location of; environmental influences; Matheson, A.H. zonation; species composition) 3:IB0:(397) (mineral deposits -northwestern B.C. :103 (avian importance) land use map)

Marshes (see also Bog community; Bogs; Ladner marsh Matheson, M.H. area; Plants, aquatic; Serpentine Fen) 5: 31(237) (Nanaimo River agricultural district) l:xvii (as shelter for fish & other wildlife) :118(274) (Nanaimo land & water use patterns) :130 (map of major estuary areas) :118(274), 151(285) (coal-mining re Nanaimo economic & cultural development) Marten (see Martes americana) :119(274) (forest resources re coal-mining indust ry) Martens, D.W. :120(274) (species logged in Nanaimo region) 1:108(425) (toxicity of chlorinated catechols to :122(274) (regional agricultural history) sockeye) :108(425, 480) (effects of water quality & Mathews, W.H. pollutants on migration, spawning & 1: 14, 15, 16(364) (geological evolution, glacio- hatching of Fraser River sockeye salmon) logy & sedimentation of Fraser :108(425); 2:IB0:(301, 305); 3:IB0:(392) (effects River delta) of decaying bark on incubating salmon : 28(364) (annual advance rate of delta front) eggs) :IB0:(359); 2:IB0:(256); 5:IB0:(226) (four phases :108(425); 2:IB0:(301, 305); 3:IB0:(393) (toxicity of southwestern B.C. glaciation, re & oxygen demands of decaying bark) delta geology) :108(425); 2:IB0:(301, 305); 3:IB0:(392) (heavy- :(364) (recent sediments & their environment metal criteria for sockeye & pink of deposition, Fraser River delta & salmon) Strait of Georgia) :108(421); 2:IB0:(298, 333); 3:IB0:(391) (toxicity :(364); 2:IB0:(258); 5:IB0:(229) (calcareous of copper to sockeye & pink salmon deposits of southwestern B.C.) during early freshwater life) 2: 1(250) (sills divide Howe Sound into inner & :108(478); 3:IB0:(391) (toxicity of de-inking outer sections) wastes containing detergents) : 6(258) (geology of Mount Garibaldi map area) :IBO:(481) (preliminary survey of toxicity of : 7(258) (piagioclase - dominant mineral; quartz chlorinated sewage) conspicuous in quartz diorites) 2:IBO:(301, 335) (toxicity & treatment of Kraft : 8(258) (geological composition of Mount Gari pulp bleach plant waste) baldi map area; table) :(301, 335); 3:IB0:(392) (toxicity of two : 11(258) (Squamish Valley during the glacial chlorinated catchols (possible period) components of Kraft pulp mill bleach : 11(258) (alluvial deposition) wastes)) : ll(259) (inner sill -a pre Sumas Strade glacial relic) Martes americana (marten) 13(259) (inner sill -moraine marking maximum 2:218; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) extent of Fraser glaciation) 3:xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena reqion) 13(259) (Britannia basin depth) :123 (food) 13(259) (lower basin physiography) :123; 4:125 (economic importance) 13(259) (outer sill troughs) 4:125 (regional abundance; frequency of occurrence) 13(259) (outer sill channels) 6:109 (abundance; habitat) 14(259) (description of Howe Sound sediments) 15(259) (mineralogy of delta sands; table) Martes pennanti (fisher) 21(259) (delta sediments) 2:218; 3:243 (in species list) 2l(259) (origin of western sector sands) 47(273) (irregular circulation) Mason, B.J. 47(273) (Howe Sound boundaries) 3:IBO:(387) (bioassay procedures to evaluate acute 159(258) (tailings deposition & turbidity toxicity of neutralized bleached Kraft currents) pulp mill effluent to Pacific salmon) IBO:(258) (historic & prehistoric alpine glacier fluctuations in Mount Garibaldi map Mason, J.C area) 1:IB0:(421) (chum salmon fry behavioural ecology in :(258) (The Table -a flat-topped volcano in a small estuary) southwestern B.C.) 4: 90(294) (ecological dependence of salmon fry) :(258) (ice-dammed lavas from Clinker Mountain 5: 83(259) (ecological importance of Cottus asper in southwestern B.C.) & Cottus aleutious) :(258) (petrology of quaternary vol cam'cs of the Mount Garibaldi area) Mason, J.E. :(259) (geology of Vancouver area) 1:IB0:(421) (coho, chinook & masu salmon in north :(259) (sedimentation of the Fraser River Pacific offshore waters) delta) :(259); 5:IB0:(229) (postglacial crustal Massman, W.H. movements in southwestern B.C. & 3:IBO:(301) (the "critical" estuarine zone) adjacent Washington State) 158. Mat Med

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Mathews, W.H. (cont'd) 5: 42(238, 243, 245), 92(261, 263, 265) (produc 3:IBO:(311) (Dixon Entrance submarine gravel tivity studies using large plastic deposits) spheres) 4: 21(270) (postglacial crustal rising) : 22(270) (re past sea level) McAllister, D.E. :IB0:(270) (Strait of Georgia calcareous deposits) 1:IB0:(421); 2:IB0:(298);3:IB0:(355) (systematics of freshwater sculpins (cottus) in B.C.) Matricaria matricaroide8 (pineapple weed) :(421); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(355) (list of 1:284; 5:182; 6:202 (in species list) marine fishes of Canada)

Matsqui McCabe, E.B. 1:189 (suggested development for recreation) 1:IB0:(350) ((birds) on the B.C. coast) :340 (permit application for domestic effluents discharger: amount, biological oxygen demand, McCabe, T.T. total suspended solids) 1:IB0:(350) ((birds) on the B.C. coast)

Matteucia struthiopteris McCallum, N.M. 6:208 (in species list) 1:IB0:(466) (future Fraser River crossings) 4:IBO:(277) (Cowichan River flood control) Maui Enterprises Limited 3:175(301) (Kitson Harbour development proposal) McCammon, J.W. 1:IBO:(364) (calcareous deposits of southwestern Maximuk, V. B.C.) 3:IBO:(302, 312) (compilation of Skeena River delta & estuary oceanographic studies; McCartney, W.D. hydrologic reports; marine & 3:IB0:(397) (mineral deposits - northwestern B.C. terrestial geology-related land use map) matters) , McComas, F.T. Maxwel1, J. 156(336) (zinc production in final years of 1:IB0:(456); 2IB0:(321); 3:IB0:(380) (notes on land Britannia Beach copper mine operation) use & planning) 156(336) (ferric hydroxide concentrations over 2:IBO:(250) (memo to F. Boyd re: proposed British time) Columbia Railway Mamquam Channel coal 156(336) (coarse mine discharges sold to cement terminal) company) 157(336) (Britannia mine sediment study) Maxwell, J.W. 158(336) (hiqh, intertidal zone iron concentra 3:IBO:(383, 391) (environmental effects study re tions) Prince Rupert port development) 164(336) (mercury effects confined to FMC vicinity) Mayer 41(263) (re fluoride distribution in Kitimat 6:129(276) (re Kitimat Service Centre) Arm) :IBO:(276) (Kitimat master plan) 144(283) (fluoride ion cencentration comparisons re Howe Sound & Kitimat Arm/Douglas Mayers, I.R. Channel regions) 1: 10(364) (Fraser River delta slump deposits) IBO:(263) (fluoride concentrations in two Pacific : 28(368) (delta foreslope hills structure & coast inlets - indicative of indus origin) trial)

Mayflies (see Ephemeroptera) McConnell, J .A. 3: 66(342) (zooplankton species of lakes of Skeena May-1 eaves (see Achy Is triphyI la) drainage basin) : 84(355), 85(365) (lake dwelling fish species) Mayo, L.R. :108(367) (Kitwanga Lake littoral vegetation & 3:IB0:(312) (effect of March 27, 1964 earthquake usage) . on various communities) :112(369) (vegetal covering of mountainous terrain) :118(375) (usage of Lakelse & Kitwanga Lake marsh Mayweed (see Anthemis cotula) areas) :123(375, 379) (mammalian wildlife inhabiting McAfee, R. Jr. Skeena drainage basin lake areas) 2:IBO:(248) (glossary of geology) :IBO:(301, 319) (Kitwanga Lake) :(305, 321) (Babine Lake) McAllister, CD. 1:IBO:(466) (report on lower Fraser River alienated McConnell, R.G. habitat) 2:IB0:(259) (Britannia Mine - Howe sound) 4: 57(280) (seasonal oceanographic properties of 3:IB0:(311) (geological section along the Grand Ladysmith Harbour with respect to Trunk Pacific Railway from Prince oyster culture) Rupert to Aldermere) :105(299) (Ladysmith Harbour phytoplankton) :IB0:(299) (relationships between phytoplankton McDaniel, N.G. populations & physical-chemical 1:228(393) (polluting effects of marina effluents) factors) :IBO:(402) (benthic invertebrates from an under water cable across Strait of Georgia) 159. Med Mck

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

McDaniel, N.G. (cont'd) McFarlane, S.H. 72(287) (factors affecting benthic distributions 5:IB0:(253) (endoparastic trematodes of Departure in upper Howe Sound) Bay fishes) 73(287) (Howe Sound sampling stations) 76(287) (analysis of Britannia Beach area) McGee, I.M. 78(286) (Britannia Beach benthic organisms) 1:IBO:(374) (sediment budget of Fraser River delta 78(286) (Pisces IV invertebrate observations) front) 85(298) (list of fish observed during Pisces IV expedition) McGee, T. 142(279) (major sources of pollutants for estuary 3:IB0:(311) (Dixon Entrance & Masset Island CSP & Howe Sound; map) survey) 147(279) (benthic community in a log booming area) 148(287) (benthic biota in a log booming area) McGugan, A. 154(279) (effects of industrial discharges on 4:IB0:(270) (Upper Cretaceous foraminiferal zones) receiving waters & estuary) 155(287) (effects of Howe Sound pulp mills on McGuire, B.J. surrounding biota) 6:IB0:(277) (Kitimat B.C. -tomorrow's city today) 158(287, 333) (effects of Britannia mine on benthic biota) McHugh, J.L. 158(333) (water color & clarity) 1:109(416) (Fraser River eulachon biology) 160(287) (benthic population in Britannia mine 110(416) (Fraser River longfin & surf smelt vicinity) biology) 161(333) (turbidity cloud) 2:IBO:(296); 6:IBO:(268) (B.C. smelts (Osmeridae)) 165(333) (deterioration of benthic environment 3: 86(350) (surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) •in vicinity of boat docks) migration) 4:157(315) (enhancing epifaunal invertebrate 86(350) (Skeena River eulachon (Thaleiohthys populations) paoifious)) 5:IBO:(252) (benthos collected from submarine cable 86(350) (downstream eulachon migration) crossing Strait of Georgia) 87(350) (capelin (Mallotus villosus) spawning habits) McDonald, J. 92(350) (extent of Skeena River smelt fishery) 3: 65(339) (downstream migration diet of Skeena 99(350) (native food fishery) salmon) 98(293) (spawning habits of local osmerids) IBO:(343) (Babine River salmon escapement) IB0:(293) (vertebral numbers in young B.C. :(343) (salmon enumeration & sampling summary) herring) :(343) (passage of sockeye & pink salmon 84(259) (growth of first year herring in through commercial fishing area) Departure Bay) :(355) (behavior of Pacific salmon fry during their downstream migration to fresh Mclnerney, J.E. water & saltwater nursery areas) 5: 83(258) (re introduction of peamouth chub to (359) (information re spawning Skeena sockeye Nanaimo River) stock size & resultant production) Mclnnes, B.E. McDonald, J.G. 4: 85(294) (annotated bibliography on Strait of 3: 80(353) (salmon capacity of the Babine System) Georgia fishes) : 89(353) (restoration of the Babine salmon :IB0:(294) (summary of salmon streams & spawning population) grounds by species, year & stream) :IB0:(319) (Babine Lake thermal structure) :(328,331) (four Skeena Salmon Management Mcintosh, C.G. Committee reports) 2:IBO:(340) (Squamish harbour; map) :(355) (Babine Lake midwater trawling for underyearling sockeye salmon McKee, J.E. (Oncorhynohus nerka)) 1:201(478) (toxic levels of various water pollutants) McDonald Slough 2:IB0:(266, 333); 3:IB0:(319,391) (water quality 1: 23 (effect of closure on sediment source for criteria) Sturgeon Bank) 3:IBO:(389) (oysters &sulphite waste liquor) :204 (closure effect on sewage treatment plant effluent disposal) McKelvie, B.A. 2:IB0:(250) (construction of the cattle trail from McDougall, A. Lillooet to Squamish) 3:IB0:(301, 383) (letter to W.R. Hourston re: 5:IBO:(274) (the founding of Nanaimo) Kitson Harbour development) McKenzie, J.D. McElhanny Surveying and Engineering Limited 3:IB0:(311) (Telkwa Valley & vicinity, B.C.) 1:IBO:(487) (drawing re Vancouver International Airport) McKillop, G.R. 2:IBO:(259) (geology of southwestern Gambier McErlean, A.J. Island, Howe Sound, B.C.) 1:IBO:(421) (examination of various methods for species diversity & abundance of fish McKinnon, B. populations) 4: 79(288) (intertidal life) :124(303) (re Columbian blacktail deer) Mel 160. Meg

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

McLaren, K.A. 47(273) (irregular circulation) 1:127, 141, 181(435, 466) (vegetation survey of 47(273) (Howe Sound boundaries) Fraser River delta areas) :132(435) (sedge of some delta islands) McMinn, R.G. 140(435) (grasses & weeds of delta areas) 4:IB0(299); 5:100(263) (water relation & forest 142(435) (delta bog vegetation) distribution in the Vancouver Island :296-305, 318(466) (birds of delta) Douglas-fir region)

McLaren, R.E. McNaughton, W.J.W. 4:155(315) (detrimental effects of landfill 2:IBO:(250) (Cheakamus) operations) :158(315) (review of legislation concerning McPhail, M. pollution control) 1:IBO:(384) (oceanographic survey of Strait of Georgia) McLeay, D.J. :(384); 2:IB0:(272) (seasonal variations in 4:151(315) (water quality determination re Crofton chemical & physical properties of mill dilution zone) Strait of Georgia re phytoplankton)

McLeese, D.W. McRoy, C.P. 2:154(336) (toxic components of bleached Kraft 5: 96(264) (phosphorus cycling in eel grass) mill effluent) 6: 95(271) (nutrient recycling in eelgrass) 3:IB0:(393) (different toxic mechanisms in Kraft mill effluent for two aquatic animals) Meadow Rue (see Thalictrum oooidentale)

McLeod, B.C. Meadowsweet Hardhack (see Spirea douglasii) 2:IBO:(259) (origin & history of Furry Creek gravel deposit) Measures 4:170-171, 5:162-163; 6:177, 178 (metric conversion McLeod, D.C factors) 3:IBO:(329) (seasonal temperature & salinity :227 (forestry measurements) variation in coastal B.C. surface waters) Meat Processing Plants 5: 40(244) (coastal survey of water types & 1:201, 212, 330, 331 (effluents from) seasonal variations) Medioago eativa (alfalfa) McLeod, L.E. 1:284; 5:182 (in species list) 3:IBO:(350) (G.B. Reed groundfish cruise) :(364) (mean tub weights for trawl-caught MediaBter aequalis groundfish species aboard the G.B. 2:195 (in species list) Reed) Mediomastu8 capensis (polychaete) McLusky, D.S. 3:201 (in species list) 1:IB0:(350) (ecology of estuaries) Meadowlark McMahon, V.H. western (see Sturnella neglecta) 3: 66(342) (zooplankton species of Skeena drainage basin lakes) Medusae : 84, 85(355, 365) (lake dwelling fish species) 2: 78 (observed in vicinity of Britannia Beach) :112(369) (vegetal covering of mountainous :197 (unidentified cnidarian species (in species terrain) list)) :123(379) (mammalian wildlife inhabiting area 3:211 (in species list) surrounding Skeena drainage basin) :IBO:(301) (Morrison Lake) Meehan, J.M. :(305, 321) (Babine Lake) 1:IBO:(428) (status of Pacific ocean perch stocks off B.C., Washington & Oregon) McMillan, N.J. 1:IB0:(364) (recent sediments & their environment Meek, F.B. of deposition, Fraser River delta & 4:IBO:(270) (descriptions of new organic remains Strait of Georgia) from Vancouver Island Cretaceous rocks) 2: 1(250) (sills divide Howe Sound into inner & :(270) (Cretaceous fossils) outer sills) :(270) (descriptions & illustrations of fossils : 11(259) (inner sill, a pre Sumas Strade glacial from Vancouver Island, Sucia Island & relic) other northwestern localities) : 13(259) (inner sill -moraine marking maximum extent of Fraser glaciation) Meeson, J.H. 13(259) (Britannia basin depth) 1:IBO:(364) (topography & slope of Boundary Bay area 13(259) (lower basin physiography) & soils of region 1) 13(259) (outer sill troughs) 13(259) (outer sill channels) Megaceryle alcyon (belted kingfisher) 14(259) (description of Howe Sound sediments) 1:307 (food) 15(259) (minerology of delta sands; table) :307; 4:121; 6:108 (habitat) 2l(259) (origin of western sector sands) 2:213; 4:220; 5:189; 6:214 (in species list) 4:121; 6:108 (abundance) 161. Meg Mel

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Megaptera novaeangliae (humpback whale) 1:160, 162, 298; 6:105 (habitat) 2:217; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192 (in species list) 2:211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) 6:105 (abundance; residency period; species Megapus sp. (acarinid, unspecified) distribution) 6:183 (in species list) Melanitta nigra (black scoter) Meigs, R.C 1:160, 162, 298 (food) 1:IB0:(423) (life history of Puget Sound steelhead :160, 162, 298; 6:105 (habitat) trout) 2:211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 6:105 (frequency of occurence) Meikle, J.H. 1: 79(391) (salt wedge intrusion in deeper parts of Melanitta perspicillata (surf scoter) Fraser River estuary & of river east to 1:160, 162, 298 (habitat; food; etc.) Port Mann) 2:211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) IB0:(382, 385); 2:IB0:(270, 27-3) (Strait of 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) Georgia oceanographic data record) 6:104, 105 (abundance; spring resident; species 48(277) (annual oceanographic monitoring due to distribution) moderate industrial pollution) 53(277) (compensatory, sub-surface, upstream Melanitta sp. (scoters, unspecified) water replacement current) 2:116 (habitat; distribution; density; dynamics of 62(277) (current measurements spanning several over-wintering populations) tidal cycles) :211 (in species list) 41(331) (effectiveness of pollution control 5:106 (estuarine abundance) measures) 51(331) (estuarine salinity ranges) Melibe leonina (gastropod) 192(331) (Inverness Passage spring oceanographic 4:195 (in species list) data) 195(331) (Inverness Passage autumn oceanographic Melioa subulata (Alaska oniongrass) data) 3:230 (in species list) IBO:(327) (coastal project oceanographic data record) Melilotus alba (sweet clover) 49(277) (Stuart Channel water quality) 1:129 (in grass & forb community of estuary) 54(277) (temperature, oxygen concentration & :135 (on jetties) measurements in vicinity of mill outfall) Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) 57(282) (oceanographic principles & sewage 6:205 (in species list) pollution) 245(277) (physical & chemical oceanographic data Melinna cristata (polychaete) for east coast of Vancouver Island) 3:201; 4:193 (in species list) 42(247) (re effluent disposal) 52(247) (oceanographic stations) Melita sp. (crustacean, unspecified) 139(283) (Northumberland Channel oceanographic 3:206 (in species list) characteristics) 40(265) (Kitimat Arm & estuary hydrographic & Melosira orenulata (diatom) oceanographic information) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) 54(265) (late summer oxygen distribution in Kitimat Arm) Melosira distans (diatom) 57(265) (surface drag & current meter observa 3:221 (in species list) tions) IB0:(265) (Fisher Channel-Cousins Inlet, Douglas Melosira italioa (diatom) Channel-Kitimat Arm & Prince Rupert 3:102 (peak abundance) oceanographic observations) :221 (in species list) :(287) (northern B.C. & Vancouver Island west coast physical & chemical oceanograph Melosira monoliformis (diatom) ic data) 1:290; 2:206 (in species list)

Meiobenthos (see also Benthos) Melosira nummuloides 1: 80 (definition of) 2:206 (in species list)

Meiofauna (see also Foraminiferidae; Harpacticoida; Melosira sp. (diatom, unspecified) Nematoda; Oligochchaeta) 1:146 (forming layer over mud of Sturgeon Banks) 1: 80 (definition of) 2:102 (floristic community indicator) 82 (types of, on Sturgeon & Roberts Banks) :205, 206 (in species list) IB0:(393) (studies) Melosira sulcata (diatom) Melagris gallopavo (farm turkey) (see Poultry) 1:291 (in species list) Melampyrum lineare Melospiza lincolnii (Lincoln's sparrow) 6:210 (in species list) 1:317 (habitat; food; etc.) 3:241; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) Melanitta deglandi (white-winged scoter) 1:160, 162, 298 (food) 162. Mel Mer

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Melospiza melodia (song sparrow) 1:IBO:(479) (levels in animals inhabiting Fraser 1:317 (habitat; food; etc.) River mudflats) 2:216; 3:241; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) :(482): 2:IB0:(336 (information) 82 (pollution &Howe Sound invertebrate Melospiza melodia oaurina (Yakutat song sparrow) fishery) 3:241 (in species list) 162 (source; biotic effects; possible pollution solution) Melospiza melodia morphna (rusty song sparrow) 162, 163 (introduction methods) 3:241 (in species list) 163 (chemistry; permissible & observed levels in local biota; closed fishing areas) Melville, L. 164 (present levels & retention biota; closed 5: 42(243), 136(281) (Northumberland Channel water fishing areas) quality) 164 (present levels & retention in Howe Sound : 71(253) (bioassays re water quality in Harmac environment) mill vicinity) 164 (extent of pollution) : 91(264) (re intertidal flora) 167 (amounts discharged) : 93(264) (diatom survey) 175 (release re dredging) :141(281) (effects of Harmac mill effluent on IBO:(328) (benthic accumulation of) intertidal biota) :(336) (Howe Sound distribution)

Membranipora (bryozoan) Merganser 2:187 (M.sp. (in species list)) common (see Mergus merganser) 4:190 (M. membranaoea (in species list)) hooded (see Lophodytes cucullatus) red-breasted [see Mergus serrator) Memphiti8 memphitis (striped skunk) unspecified (see Mergansers) 1:323 (habitat; food) 2:218; 3:243; 6:218 (in species list) Mergansers sp. (merganser, unspecified) 6:110 (abundance) 1:327 (aerial census of delta areas by months, 1966-74) Menetus operoularis planulatus (gastropod) 2:116 (density & dynamics of over-wintering 4:186 (in species list) population) :211 (in species list) Mentha arvensis (wild mint) 1:284; 5:182; 6:205 (in species list) Mergus merganser (common merganser) 6:102 (community position; abundance) 1:163, 298(448, 449); 2:IB0:(316, 317); 3:IB0: (375, 376); 5:108 (habitat) Menyanthaceae (buck bean family) (see also Menyanthes) :163, 298(448, 449); 2:117(316, 317); 3:IB0:(375, 6:206 (in species list) 376); 5:108 (diet) :IB0:(449); 2:IB0:(319); 3:IB0:(376); 4:IB0:(303) Menyanthes trifoliata (bog bean) (B.C. fish population) 3:108 (habitat of) 2:117 (seasonal estuarine movements; numbers) :230 (in species list) :117; 4:117 (distribution) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 3:xxiv, 118 (nests in estuary area) Menyanthes triphylla (buckbean) 4: 96 (consume sticklebacks) 6:102 (habitat; species associations) :117 (wintering &nesting grounds) :206 (in species list) 5:108 (estuarine occurrences)

Menzies, M.W. Group Limited Mergus serrator (red-breasted merganser) 3:175(301, 383) (cargo volume predictions & 1:163, 289(449); 2:IB0:(317); 3:TB0:(376); 4:IB0: information on expansion of rail facilities) (303); 5:108 (habitat) :163, 289(449); 2:117(317); 3:IB0:(376); 4:IB0: Menziesia ferruginea (false azalea) (303); 5:108 (diet) 3:112 (coastal forest component) 2:117 (distribution; numbers; seasonal estuarine :113 (floodplain vegetation) movements) :116 (montane community component) :211; 3:237; 4:217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) :230, 233; 6:204 (in species list) 3:xxiv, 118 (winter resident) 6:100 (forest position; species associations) 5:108 (estuarine occurrences)

Meyer, P.A. Meridion oirculare (diatoms) 1:125(421) (recreation & preservation values re 3:221 (in species list) Fraser River salmon) Merismopedia sp. (blue-green algae, unspecified) Meyers, S.P. 3:219 (in species list) 5: 91(264) (lignicolous &wood inhabiting marine fungi) Merli n (see Faloo oolumbarius)

Mercury ion Merluccius produatus (Pacific hake) 1: 56, 59 (levels in estuary waters) 1:276; 2:201; 3:216 (in species list) : 90 (levels in Sturgeon & Roberts Banks marine 2: 86 (estuarine locations of) macrofauna) :IB0:(473); 2:IB0:(328); 3:IB0:(386) (levels in Mertensia maritima (sea bluebells) Canadian fish) 3:230 (in species list) 163. Mes Mic

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Mesoohaetopterus sp. (polychaete, unspecified) Miorasema sp. (caddisfly, unspecified) 5:166 (in species list) 6:185 (in species list) Mesoohaetopterus taylori (polychaete) Micrasterias apiculata (green algae) 4:193 (in species list) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake)

Mesodinium rubnon (ciliate) Microbenthos (see also Benthos headings; Dino- 48, 93 (characteristic blooms) flagellida) 93 (toxicity) 1: 80 (definition of) IBO:(245, 255, 265) (characteristics) Microcalanus (calanoids) 1:273 (M. pusillis (in species list)) Mesogastropoda (see Bittium; Crepidula; Epitonium; 2: 81 (m. sp. nauplii & copepodites re micro- Lacuna; Littorina; Natioa; Neptunea; Odostomia; zooplankton) Polinioe8; Searlesia; Trichotropie) :198 (M. pygmaeus pusillus (in species list)) Mesoplodon sp. (beaked whale, unspecified) Microcladia borealis (red alga) 3:243 (in species list) 3:222 (in species list) Metacaprella kennerlyi (amphipod) Microoleus sp. (algae, unspecified) 4:199 (in species list) 1:134, 146 (on Boundary Bay high tidal flats) :291 (in species list) Metal Compounds (see also names of metal elements) 1:250 (metal oxide fumes from metallurgical plants, Microfauna as atmospheric pollutants) 1: 80 (definition of) : 81 (dinoflagellates in study area) Metal Ions (unspecified) (see also names of metal :258-261, 270 (types & species list) elements) 1: 58, 59 (levels in estuary waters) Microgadus proximus (Pacific tomcod) :207, 208 (persistence in environment; toxicity 1:276; 2:201; 3:216; 4:206; 5:174 (in species list) to man and fauna; in form of soluble salts of) Miaronereis nanaimoensis :IBO:(480) (heavy metals recovered from fresh 5:IB0:(250) (life history) water fish) :(484); 2:IBO:(338) (marine distribution of) Micropalama himantopus (stilt sandpiper) 4:145 (heavy metal concentrations detected in 4:219 (in species list) biological systems) Microporella ciliata (bryozoa) Metal Processing Industry (see also names of metallic 4:190 (in species list) elements; Mining) 1:212, 245, 250, 251 (types of atmospheric & water Micropsectra sp. pollutants in emissions from) 6:186 (in species list) :333 (re effluent permit) 3:168 (water pollutants discharged) Micropterus dolomeri (smallmouth bass) 4: 96 (introductions & distribution) Methane (see also Hydrocarbons) :207 (in species list) 1:214 (emanation from solid waste disposal, e.g. landfill) Microsetella (harpacticoid copepods) 1:273 (M. rosea (in species list)) Metopa (amphipod) 4:199 (M. sp. (in species list)) Microspora sp. (green alga, unspecified) 1:146 (in Sturgeon Banks upper marsh tidal pools) Metridia (calanoids) 1:272 (M. longa (in species list)) Microstomas paoifious (Dover sole) :272; 2:198 (M. lucens (in species list)) 1:276; 2:201; 3:216 (in species list) 3:213 (M. sp. (in species list)) 3: 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior Rocks trawl fishery) Metridium senile dianthus (anthozoan) 4:189 (in species list) Microthelia maritima (marine fungus) 1:278 (in species list) Metriocnemus sp. 4:107 (occur in Cowichan-Chemainus region) 6:186 (in species list) Microtus longicaudis (long-tailed vole) Metzgeria oonjugata 2:217; 3:243 (in species list) 3:225 (in species list) Microtus oregoni serpens (creeping vole) Metzgeria pubesoens 1:320 (habitat; food; occurrence) 3:225 (in species list) Microtus pennsylvanious drummondi (meadow vole) Mice sp. (see also Mouse) 3:242 (in species list) 1:306 (as prey of owl) :326 (as prey of snake) Microtus sp. (voles, unspecified) 1:171, 299-300, 306, 311 (as food of raptorial birds! :323 (food of mink) 164. Mic Min

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Microtus townsendi townsendi (Townsend's Vole; 3: 89(356) (location of sockeye gill net fishery) field mouse) :IBO:(356) (history & trends of Skeena River 1:165 (as food of gulls) salmon fishery) 166 (as food of great blue heron) :(356) (salmon tagging off the Skeena River) 168, 171, 299, 306 (as food of raptorial birds) :(356) (Moricetown Falls hazardous to salmon 320 (food; occurrence) migration) 320; 4:123; 5:110 (habitat) :(356) (1947 Skeena River sockeye run) 217; 4:223; 5:192 (in species list) :(356) (1948 Skeena River salmon catch) 123 (regional abundance) Milne, W.G. Middle Arm of estuarial Fraser River 1: 16(364) (seismicity of Fraser River delta) 1: 4, 11, 18 (geography) 2:IB0:(259); 3:IB0:(311) (Canadian seismicity & 18 (percent of North Arm flow channelled off by) micro-earthquake research) 18, 19 (sediment load) 3:IBO:(311) (Canadian seismic activity west of the 21, 22, 23 (sand sediments) 113th meridian) 22 (percent of main river flow) 49, 253 (streamflow data) Mimulus guttatus (common monkey flower) 55-58 (water quality) 6:210 (in species list) 126 (coliform bacteria count high) 194 (navigational use of subsidiary channels; Mimulus lewi8ii (red monkey flower) also as seaplane port) 6:210 (in species list) Midges (see Chironomidae; Cecidomyidae (gall midges); Mimus polyglottus (northern mockingbird) Tendipediadae) 1:IB0:(441) (Vancouver sightings) 4:221 (in species list) Midshipman plainfin (see Poriahthy8 notatus) Mineralogy (see also Geology; Sediments; Rocks; Sand) Migration and migratory habits of birds (see Birds, 1: 11, 14, 20 (of river sediments in lower migratory; Flyway; Migratory Bird Convention valley) Act) :IB0:(363) (of Vancouver sands: Fraser Valley alluvial sediments) Migration and migratory habits of fish (see also 2: 15, 16 (of delta sands; table) Spawning) 3:IBO:(397) (inventory map; deposit map) 1:101-102 (types of spawning migration, particular 4:IBO:(266); 5:IBO:(226) (Vancouver deposits) ly in delta and estuary, also in river, :(270); 5:IB0:(230) (Vancouver Island of the species listed on p. 102, whose possibilities) habits are described on p. 103-112) :104 (chum salmon upstream migration speed in Minette Bay delta) 6:xxiii (freshwater imput) :113-114 (habits of five semi-migratory species) :xxiv, 42, 44 (morphology; oxygen distribution; :114 (importance of river estuary & tidal marshes sediment deposition) as migration transition zones between fresh : 4 (current & proposed usage) & salt water) : 42, 42 (recreational, industrial & biological significance) Migratory Bird Convention Act :118(275) (recreational attributes) 1:167, 169 (coverage) :178, 121(275) (recommended recreational & educational development of) Milhursky, J.A. :120 (proposed recreational & outdoor educational 1:IBO:(421) (examination of various methods for areas) determining species deversity & spe :135 (water quality comparisons) cies abundance of fish populations) :151 (log handling operations & trends) :151, 152 (water quality & oceanographic Miller, D.M. characteristics) 1:IBO:(350) (estuarine ecology studies) :IBO:(275, 282 ) (land use; ownership; environ ment) Miller, E.K. 1:IBO:(390) (variations in submarine daylight Mining components) 2:IB0:(331); 3:IB0:(390) (B.C. environmental control) Miller, P. :(332) (effluent chemistry & toxicity) 6:161(281) (area effected by fluoride emissions) :(332); 5:x'v, xxvii, 3-5, 7, 11, 12 (re coal) :(339); 3:IB0:(397) (titles maps) Mills, J.D. 3:167 (past & present) 1:IBO:(466) (population pressure on Boundary Bay) :167, 168 (operational mines; products; methods of handling tailings) Mills (see Pulp and paper mills; for sawmills see 167, 168, 169; 259-267 (locations) Forestry products industry) 168 (pollution hazards) 168, 169 (production) Milne, D.J. 172 (particulate & gaseous emissions) 1:105(421) (importance of Fraser River chinook :259-267 (property names, owners, dates of claims salmon production) & metal extracted in Skeena River drain age basin) 165. Min Mod

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Mining (cont'd.) Mitella ovalis (mitrewort) 3:IBO:(310) (Telkwa District) 3:230 (in species list) :(389) (watershed surveys) 4:113 (re swamp herbs) :(396) (Cronin Mine tailings pond) 4: 9 (Ladysmith operations; historical signifi Mitella pentandra (five-point mitrewort) cance) 3:230 (in species list) :IB0:(271) (Vancouver Island) 5:117 (employment statistics) Mitella polymerus :118 (with respect to regional land use & 2:192 (in species list) development) :151 (re population distribution) Mites (see also Acarina) 3:205 (in species list) Ministry of Transport 3:IBO:(383) (northwest transportation plan) Mites, water (see Hydracarina) Mink (see Mustela vison energumenos) Mitrella (gastropods) 1:195, 264 (M. sp. (in species list)) Mi nnow :264; 3:203; 4:195 (Af. gouldi (in species list)) brassy (see Hybognathus hankinsoni) Mitrella gausapata Minshall and Associates 2:190 (in species list) 2:134(250, 325) (Squamish sea port development) Mitrewort (see Mitella nuda) Mint wild (see Mentha arvensis) Mniaceae (moss family) (see also Mnium) 6:206 (in species list) Mirounga angustirostrus (northern elephant seal) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) Mnium glabresoens (moss) 98, 100 (abundance) Mission 99, 100 (community position) 1: 20 (upper limit of tidal effect in river at 206 (in species list) all tidal stages) : 53 (downstream limit of river boulder & gravel Mnium insigne (mnium moss) deposition) 2:108 (common in arbutus subzone) : 58 (copper & manganese ions in river near) :111 (Ribes-Oplopanax & Symphorioarpos ecosystem : 83 (bottom larvae as pollution indicators at) types) :113 (mercury in white sturgeon down to New :206; 3:225; 6:206 (in species list) Westminster) 6: 98 (abundance) :123 (eulachon fishery down to New Westminster) :126 (no evidence of bacterial slimes in river) Mnium menziesii :253, 256 (river flow records at) 3:225 (in species list) :254 (river sediment load & types at) :256 (river water quality parameters measured) Mnium punotatum :339, 340, 341 (permit application for domestic 3:225 (in species list) effluent discharge: amount, 4:113 (abundance in red cedar-red alder-skunk biological oxygen demand & total cabbage associations) suspended solids) Mnium sp. (moss, unspecified) Mitchell, A.C 6:102 (abundance; community position; species 6: 78(269) (salmon hatchery considerations) associations)

Mitchell, D. Mnium venustum 4:IBO:(308) (Gulf of Georgia archaeology) 3:225 (in species list)

Mitchell, E.D. Mockingbird 2:IBO:(316) (status of the world's whales) northern (see Mimus polyglottus)

Mitchell, G.J. Modeland, R.C 1:297, 318(447) (birds of Fraser River delta) 1:IB0:(466) (function of demand for & supply of 2:IB0:(316) (distribution study re Nyrocinae recreational land in B.C.'s. lower wintering on southern B.C. coastal mainland) waters) Models (see also Hydraulic models) Mitchell, J.A. 1:205-206 (re fecal coliform bacteria levels from 4:IB0:(303) (distribution of Nyrocinae wintering sewage or sewage treatment plant dis on southern B.C. coastal waters) posal into South Arm) :IB0:(455); 2:IB0:(321); 3:IB0:(380) (re flood Mitella nuda (mitrewort) plain development) 6: 99, 100 (community position; abundance) :(460) (re land resource allocation) :210 (in species list) 3:IBO:(323) (Hecate Strait model & capabilities) 5: 67 (re flushing & circulation in Departure Bay) :IBO:(239) (Georgia-Juan de Fuca Strait—tidal system) 166. Mod Moo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Modiolus modiolus (bivalve) Mqnoatroma (algae) 4:196 (in species list) 5:179 (M. sp. (in species list))

Mole Monostroma fusoum (alga) coast (see Scapanus orarius orarius) 1:147 (dominant on Roberts Banks) shrew (see Neurotriohus gibbsi) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) Townsend's(see Scapanus townsendii) :219; 5:179 (in species list)

Mollusca (see also Amphineura; Bivalvia; Cephalopoda; Monotropa langinosa Gastropoda; Scaphopoda; also species lists refe 3:225 (in species list) rence hereunder) 1: 82 (excluded in Richmond sphagnum bogs) Monotropa latisquamaea (brown saprophyte) : 90 (heavy-metal content, from Strugeon & 4:112 (herb of coastal Douglas fir zone) Roberts Banks & Cowichan River estuary) : 93 (dominant fauna of lona Island tidal flats) Monotropa uniflora (Indian pipe) : 97 (as fishery resource of estuary) 3:225; 6:204 (in species list) :163 (as food of mergansers) 4:112 (nutrition strategy; re Douglas fir-moss :228 (most disappear under anaerobic conditions) associations) :264-265, 271; 2:189-191, 198; 3:202, 211; 4:185, 6:100 (community position) 194; 5:166, 169; 6:183, 189 (in species list) :295, 297-298, 301-302, 311 (as food of various Monro, A.C. birds) 2:IBO:(333) (Britannia mine milling practices) :IB0:(397); 2:IB0:(282); 3:IB0:(334, 335); 4:IB0: (289) (bibliography; distributional Montgomery, W.J. checkli st) 5:IBO:(231) (Canadian coal analysis directory) :(398); 2:IB0:(283); 3:IB0:(335); 4:IB0:(284) (aquaculture) Montia parvifolia (stream-bank spring beauty) :(400); 2:IB0:(285); 3:IB0:(338); 5:IB0:(254) 4:213; 6:208 (in species list) (B.C. varieties) :(404); 2:IB0:(288); 3:IB0:(339); 4:IB0:(298) Montia sibirioa (western spring beauty) (edibility) 4:113 (re Douglas fir-swordfem & western :(405); 2:IB0:(289); 3:IB0:(340); 4:IB0:(289) red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair fern (introduced species distribution) associations) 4: 16 (species & abundance & diversity on Stuart Channel) Montia sp. (spring beauty, unspecified) 5: 72 (bacterial contamination re estuarine 6:208 (in species list) fisheries status) 6: 71 (species diversity, density & habitat) Moore, J.I. 2:IB0:(333) (operations at Britannia mines) Molnar, A. 6:161(281) (area effected by fluoride emissions) Moore, W.G. 4:IBO:(265) (geography dictionary) Molothru8 ater 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) Moose (see Aloes americana) 2:215; 3:241; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) BrTtTsh Columbia (see Aloes aloes andersoni) Molpadia intermedia (chiton) Mopalia oiliata (amphineuran) 1:269; 2:195; 3:209; 4:201 (in species list) 2:189; 4:194; 5:166, 169 (in species list) 4: 74 (biomass found in Stuart Channel sediments & ecological significance of; faunal altera Mopalia hindsii (chiton) tions) 3:202 (in species list)

Molybdenum Ion Mopalia imporoata (chiton) 1: 58 (levels in estuary waters) 3:202 (in species list) :212 (in industrial effluents) 2:IB0:(260) (western Cordillera deposit) Mopalia laevior 3: 33 (levels in Cronin Creek) 2:189 (in species list) Moneses uniflora (single delight) Mopalia lignosa 3:230; 6:204 (in species list) 2:189 (in species list)

Monkey Flower Mopalia mu8Qosa (amphineuran) common (see Mimulus guttatus) 4:194 (in species 11st) red (see Mimulus lewisii) Mopalia sp. (chiton, unspecified) Monodictys pelagioa (marine fungus) 3:202 (in species list) 1:128 (in species list) 4:107 (abundance; classification) Moon Snail (see Polinioes) 5: 91 (wood inhabiting marine fungi of Nanaimo region) 167. Mor Mou

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Moran Dam Mos, G.J. 1: x(458) (re effect of proposed, on Fraser River) 4:102(294) (Strait of Georgia recreational boating :IBO:(458) (environmental impact) survey) :136(308) (number, value & use of privately owned Morey Channel recreational boats in Strait of 1:195 (navigational use) Georgia) :209(294) (estimated participation by Duncan, Morgan, J.P. Gulf Island & Ladysmith residents 1:IB0:(350) (deltas -a resume) in recreational boating) 5: 89, 132, 194(259, 275) (recreational boating Morley, A. activity) 1:IBO:(350) (Vancouver - from mi 11 town to metropolis) Mosses (see also Amblystegiaceae; Aulacomniaceae; Brachytheciaceae; Ceratodon; Dicranum Morley, R. Entrodontaceae; Grimmiaceae; Hylochomiaceae; 2:IB0:(286) (delta benthic species report) Hyponiaceae; Mniaceae; Plagiotheciaceae; Polyprichaceae; Rhytidiaceae; Sphagnaceae; Morning Glory Sphagnum) wild (see Convolvulus arvensis) 1:279 (in species list) 2:107 (Squamish delta) Morris, G. 3:109 (as bog & transition zone groundcover) 1:145(435) (inventory & evaluation of Boundary :112 (locations of) Bay vegetation re recreational 4:113 (abundance re Douglas fir-swordfern, western development) red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair fern, red cedar-red alder-skunk cabbage associations) Morris, P.W. 1:229(394) (high hydrogen sulphide concentration Mottely, CM. effect same as oxygen loss on marine 4:105(299) (prominent plants in Quamichan Lake) benthos survival) Mosquitos (see Culicidae) Morris, W.A. 1:175, 176(447) (possible controlled waterfowl Mougeotia sp. hunting; re hunting success on lower 2:206 (in species list) B.C. mainland) :IB0:(447) (waterfowl hunter sample result) Moulder, D.S. (447) (controlled hunting in Delta 4:IBO:(283) (bibliography on marine & estuarine municipality) oil pollution) (447); 2:IB0:(316) (Pacific waterfowl flyway management plan) Mounce, D.E. (447); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (waterfowl 4:IBO:(288) (guide to southern Vancouver Island habitat acquisition) stream insects) (447); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (trumpeter swan status in B.C.) Mounce, I. (447); 2:IB0:(316);; 3:IBO:(375) (waterfowl 1:IB0:(392); 5:IB0:(251) (physical & chemical status in B.,C) factors influencing flora & fauna (447, 450); 2:IB0: [316, 318); 3:IB0:(375, distribution in Strait of Gerogia) 377) (B.C. waterfowl surveys) 5: 40(238) (salinity & temperature monitoring (466) (proposed acquisition of all tidal history) marshes lying seaward of Lulu Island) 68(253) (re stream insects) (466) (multiple-use plan for Boundary Bay re 93(264) (re salinity & diatom abundance) controlled waterfowl shooting, flood IBO:(243) (effect of marked changes in specific control & marine natural history) gravity on Departure Bay phytoplankton 2:IBO:(316) (controlled duck hunting in Pacific concentrations) flyway region) Mount Garibaldi Map Area Morrison, D. 2: 6, 8 (geology) 1:IB0:(466) (Steveston study; renewal concepts) :IBO:(258) (alpine glacier fluctuations; quaternary vol cam'cs; geomorphology; Morrison, K.P. igneous & metamorphic rocks) 1:IB0:(441) (specimen of gyrfalcon from south :(261) (glacial retreat) western B.C.) Mountain Hemlock (see Tsuga mertensiana) Morton 1:IBO:(445) (evaluation of George C Reifel Mountain Hemlock Zone Waterfowl Refuge, Westham Island, 2:108, 109 (subdivisions; precipitation; Fraser River delta) boundaries) :108, 109; 6: 92 (elevation) Morton, D.C 6: 91 (climatic conditions; indigenous species) 4: IBO:(308) (North Cowichan history) Mountain Midges (see_ Deuterophlebiidae) Morton, K.W. 1:IB0:(466) (1871-1948 improvements in Fraser Mountain Wood-fern (see Dryopteris austriaca) River system) 168. Mou Mun

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Mouse 4:IB0:(270) (Victoria map-area) field (see Microtus townsendi) :(270) (geology, history & potential of house (see Mu8 musculus domesticus) Vancouver Island coal fields) meadow jumping (see Zapus hudsonious :(270) (Vancouver Island geological & mineral hudsonicus) possiblities) northwestern jumping (see Zapus trinotatua .-(270) (stratigraphy & biochronology of the trinotatu8) Nanaimo Group, Vancouver Island & unspecified (see Mice sp.) Gulf Island) western jumping (see Zapus prinaeps ealtator) :(271) (Vancouver Island vol canism, plutonism white-footed or deer (see Peromysous manioulatus & mineralization) austerus) 7(224) (Vancouver Island coal production) 9(230) (Nanaimo area geology) Mud (see also Mudflats; Sediments) 9, 10(230) (distribution) 1:230, 231 (instability under current & wave 11(230) (re extent & composition of Extension- action re survival of benthos) Protection geological series) :IB0:(392); 2:IB0:(278); 3:IB0:(332) (associated :118(275) (importance of coal mining to Nanaimo biology) development) :(394); 2:IB0:(279) (re burrowing activity) :IB0:(226) (age of metasomatic copper & iron deposits) Mud Bay l:xvi (diversity of invertebrate fauna) Mundie, J.H. :xvii (commercial crab fishery) 5:147(281) (fish production & stream production) -.xvii , 132 (eelgrass community & beds as rearing grounds for herring & other fishes) Municipality of Surrey xix, 132 (vital for biotic populations) 1:IBO:(374) (drainage report) 2 (historically of Fraser River origin; extent) :(374) (flooding in Serpentine & Nicomekl 14, 26 (salt marsh as source of shoreline River valleys) sediments) 85-86 (devoid of crabs) Munida quadrispina (squat lobster) 97 (former important oyster culture industry) 1:268; 2:192 (in species list) 127 (nature &deposition activity of alluvial 2: 74; 5:138 (habitat) deposits re flora) : 75, 148, 156 (deep water abundance) 134 (saltmarsh community) :159 (Britannia Beach resident) 139 (urbanization) 5:138 (location; abundance) 151 (area of deltaic deposits) 160 (canvasback ducks) Munro, D.A. 231 (fine-sediment instability re role of 1:IBO:(447) (waterfowl of Burnaby Lake) infauna in food chain) :(447); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (biology & 327 (waterfowl census table) management of Canada goose) IBO:(345, 348) (salt marsh) :(448) (waterfowl kill data from lower B.C. :(361) (soils) mainland) :(365) (sediment mineralogy) : 406, 452) (ecology) Munro, D.A. :(431, 441, 460) (floral description) 5:IB0:(267) (eelgrass status & environmental :(438) (waterfowl management) relations) :(463) (conservation efforts) Munro, J.A. Mud-disk (see Cotula ooronopifolia) 1:163(449) (food & feeding habits of red-breasted merganser in Fraser River delta) Mudflats (eee aleo Flats, tidal) :293-298, 318(448, 449) (birds of delta) 1:xvii (re estuarial fish populations) :IB0:(448) (analyses of bird stomach contents) : 81-100 (marine invertebrates of estuarial) :(448) ; 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (B.C. :114 (as salinity transition zones for some American merganser studies) anadromous fishes) :(448) ; 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (introduction :137 (Lulu Island) to B.C. bird study) :164 (Boundary Bay, Roberts &Sturgeon Banks :(448) ; 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. birds- extensive use by wading birds for feeding] studies re buffieheads, trumpeter 4:108 (vegetal covering) swans & baldpate) :111 (community locations) :(449) (review of B.C. bird fauna) :(449) ; 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (food of Mudwort (see Limosella aquatioa) American merganser in B.C. & its relation to fish population) Mueller-Dombois, D. :(449) ; 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376); 5:IB0:(253) 4:IBO:(299) (Douglas-fir forest associations on (waterfowl re B.C. herring spawning) Vancouver Island in initial stages 2:114(317) (dabbling duck food preferences) of secondary succession) :116(317) (Pacific herring eggs as greater scaup food) Muller, J.E. :117(317) (salmon eggs — red breasted merganser 3:IBO:(311) (geological investigations report of food while in freshwater) Groundhog coal area) :IB0:(316) ; 3:IBO:(375) (B.C. Barrow's & American 4: 17(271) (Cowichan-Chemainus geology) goldeneye studies) : 18(271) (geological description of Cretaceous :(317) ; 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. grebe studies) Nanaimo Group) 169. Mun Mya

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Munro, J.A. (cont'd.) 5: 66(241) (re upwelling in Departure Bay) 3:117(376) (general information re wildlife) : 67(241) (surface temperature variations) :IBO:(376) (B.C. studies re greater & lesser scaups, mallards, pintails Mus mu8culu8 dome8ticu8 (house mouse) & green winged teal) 1:321 (habitat; food) :(376) (review of B.C. bird fauna) 2:217; 3:242; 4:223; 5:192 (in species list) :(376); 4:IBO:(303) (food & feeding habits of 4:124; 5:111 (origin; introduction) red-breasted merganser in B.C.) 5:104(268) (feeding preferences of American Musoulium (bivalve) wi dgeon) 4:196 (M. laoustre; M. ryokholti raymondi (in species list)) Muridae (rats, mice and voles) 5:192; 6:217 (in species list) Mustard black (see BrasBJca nigra) Murphy, A.S. hedge (see Sisymbrium officinale) 1:IB0:(364) (distribution of major cations in unspecified (see_ Cruciferae sp.) estuarine environments) Mustela ermina fallenda (short-tailed weasel) Murray, J.W. 1:321 (habitat; food) 1: 5, 10, 23, 26, 128(348) (Boundary Bay tidal 2:218; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) flats of Fraser River delta: geology, 4:125 (frequency of occurrence; economic sediments & sediment sources) importance) : 12, 14, 21, 28(363) (sedimentation on western :125; 6:110 (regional abundance) delta front) : 20(360) (early diagenetic cementation of recent Mustela frenata altifrontalis (long-tailed weasel) delta sands) 1:321 (habitat; food) : 84, 87, 88(348, 360) (invertebrates in marine 2:218 (in species list) sediments of delta) :146(348) (Boundary Bay eelgrass & algae) Mustela vison energumenos (mink) :IBO:(364) (recent sediments & environment of 1:171, 323; 3:123(348) (food) their deposition in delta & Strait 171, 323; 6:109 (habitat) of Georgia) 183 (acreage used for farm breeding of) :(364); 2.-IBO:(259) (sedimentation in B.C. 217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) inlets) 126; 5:111 (estuarine inhabitant) :(368) (structure & origin of delta foreslope 218; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) hills) xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena region) -.(374) (sediment budget of delta-front) 123; 4:125 (economic importance) 2: 1(250) (sills divide Howe Sound into inner & 125 (frequency of occurrence) outer sections) 125; 6:109 (regional abundance) : 11(259) (inner sill — a pre Sumas Strade glacial relic) Mustelidae (weasel-like flesh-eaters) (see also Gulo; 13(259) (Britannia basin depth) Lutra; Martes; Mephitus; Mustela; Spilogale) 13(259) (lower basin physiography) 3:243; 4:223; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) 13(259) (outer sill troughs) 13(259) (outer sill channels) Mushroom 14(259) (description of Howe Sound sediments) oyster (see Fleurotus) 15(259) (mineralogy of delta sands; table) 21(259) (sediments of delta) Mushrooms (see also Fungi) 2l(259) (origin of western sector sands) 1:322 (as food o^ squirrel) 47(273) (irregular circulation) 47(273) (Howe Sound Boundaries) Muskrat (see Ondatra zibethica oyosoosensis) IBO:(311) (Dixon Entrance & Masset Island - CSP survey) Musqueam Indian Reserve 1:189 (suggested development for recreation) Murre common (see Uria aalge) Mussel blue (see Mytilus edulis] Murrelet ancient [see Synthliboramphu8 antiquua) Mwenifumbo, C. marbled (see Brachyramphua marmoratus) 2:IBO:(259) (structure & petrology of the south Horseshoe Bay pendant & adjacent Murrelets (see Alcidae) intrusions, Horseshoe Bay, B.C.)

Murtagh, R.A. Mya (bivalve) 4:IB0:(283) (role of organic debris & associated 1: 87 (M. sp. (soft-sheeled clam) in Boundary Bay) micro-organisms in pelagic estuarine 91 (as food of scoters) food chains) 225 (temperature effect on) 265 (m. sp. (in species list)) Murty, T.S. 191 [M. truncata (in species list)) 4: 67(279) (wind driven surface currents) : 68(280) (effluent disposal currents) Mya arenaria (bivalve; mud clam) 5: 43(241) (three dimensional circulation under 1: 86, 88, 97 (in Boundary Bay) variable wind stress) Mya 170. Myt

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Mya arenaria (bivalve; mud clam) (cont'd.) Myotis luoifugus alascensis (little brown myotis) 1: 90, 231 (of Sturgeon Bank & tidal marsh) 1:322 (habitat; food) :228 (Indifference to anaerobic conditions) 2:216; 3:242; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) :265; 2:191; 3:204; 4:196; 5:167, 170 (in species 4:124 (abundance; behaviour) list) 4: 77 (introduced to Ladysmith Harbour) Myotia volans longious (long-legged myotis) :145 (re heavy metal & chlorinated hydrocarbon 2:161; 3:242 (in species list) concentrations) 5: 70 (habitat; abundance) Myotis yumanensis saturatus (Yuma myotis) : 74 (commercial & recreational demand; value; 1:322 (habitat; food) palatability) 2:216; 3:242; 4:223; 5:191 (in species list) Mya intermedia (bivalve) Myoxoaephalus polyaaanthooephalus (great sculpin) 4:196 (in species list) 3:216; 5;174 (in species list)

Mya sp. (bivalve, unspecified) Myrioa oalifornioa (wax myrtle) 3:204 (in species list) 3:233 (in species list) Myadeate8 townaendi (Townsend's solitaire) Myrioa gale (sweet gale) 1:310 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:287; 3:233; 6:206 (in species list) 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:215 (in species list) 3:115 (habitat)

Mycole adherans Myrioaoeae (sweet gale family) (see also Myrioa) 2:186 (in species list) 6:206 (in species lsit)

Myers, C Myrioohele ooulata (polychaete) 4:IBO:(299) (Cowichan Valley flora) 3:201 (in species list)

Myers, M.T. Myriophyllum spioatum (coontail or water milfoil) 1:IBO:(449) (behaviour of two goldeneye [Buoephala) 3:108 (habitat of) species) :230 (in species list) :(449) (behaviour of sea ducks) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat)

My Ha taylori Mysella (bivalve) 3:225 (in species list) 4:197 (M. sp. (in species list))

Myloaheilua caruinua (peamouth chub) Mysidacea 1;102 (in Fraser River mainstem) 1: 83 (Neomysis sp. abundant in lower river arms) 3: 85 (salmon predation) :91 (plentiful in Richmond Nature Park) : 85; 5: 83(258) (habitat) : 96 (larvae on Sturgeon Bank) :216 (in species list) :110 (Neomysis as freshwater food of longfin 5: 83(258) (methods of introduction; simulated smelt) crossing experiment) :113 (as food of white sturgeon) :IB0:(258) (zoogeography) :267, 273 (Mysis sp. (in species list)) :293 (as food of grebe) Myooa8ter coypus bonariensis (nutria or coypu) 2:xix, 72, 82 (as food of fish, in particular 1:321 (habitat) herring) 4:124 (origin) : 71 (a major benthic food organism for estuarine :224 (in species list) fish) : 72 (sculpin, flounder, chinook & chum salmon Myosotis laxa (forget-me-not) food resource) 6:200 (in species list) : 76; 3: 74, 76 (habitat) :174 (Mamquam Channel habitat) Myotis :193, 199; 3:207, 213; 4:198; 6:187 (in species California (see Myotis californicus oaurinus) list) keen (see Myotis keeni keeni) 3:xxii (consumed by freshwater fish) little brown (see Myotis luoifugus alasaensis) : 66 (Mysis sp. consumed by freshwater fish) long-eared (see Myotis evotis paoifious) : 75 (as food of Chatham Sound salmon) long-legged (see Myotis volans longious) 5:IBO:(254) (western Canadian) Yuma (see Myotis yumanensis saturatus) 6: 71 (planktonic associations) : 72, 79, 81 (re salmonid food.resources) Myotis californicus oaurinus (California myotis) 1:322 (habitat; food) Mysid sp. (mysid, unspecified) 2:216; 3:242; 4:223; 5:191 (in species list) 2:199 (in species list)

Myotis evotis paoifious (long-eared myotis) Myticola orientali8 (parasitic copepod) 1:322 (habitat; food) 1:IB0:(397); 2:IB0:(282); 3:IB0:(335); 4:198 (re 2:216; 4:223; 5:191 (in species list) B.C. bivalves)

Myotis keeni keeni (keen myotis) Mytilimeria nuttalli (mollusc) 2:216; 4:223; 5:191 (in species list) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) :197 (in species list) 171. Myt Nan

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Nanaimo Daily Free Press Mytilua californianus (bivalve) 5:IB0:(272) (B.C. 1871-1971) 3:204; 4:197 (in species list) Nanaimo District Fish & Game Protective Association Myti,lU8 edulus (common blue mussel) 5:111(268) (re winter elk surveys) 1: 84 (in river near Steveston fish proccessing :151(285) (estuarine importance to fish & plant) wildlife resources) : 86 , 87, 88, 90 (in Boundary Bay) :IBO:(275) (re proposed Nanaimo Harbour 160 (as food of ducks) development) 220 (re food chain) 225 (temperature effect on) Nanaimo Group 228 (indifference to anaerobic conditions) 14 (definition) 264 ; 2:191; 3:204; 4:197; 5:167, 170; 6:190 (in 16, 17 (distribution; formations; rock types) species list) IBO:(266) (Upper Cretaceous flora) :320 (as food of deer mouse) :(269, 270); 5:IBO:(229, 230) (biochronology) 2: 74 , 75, 76, 148, 155, 160, 161, 165; 3:xxii, 73, :(270); 5:IBO:(230) (stratigraphy) 74 (habitats of) :(271); 5:IB0:(230) (geology) 3: 68 (in Porpoise Harbour) :(272); 5:IB0:(232) (fossils) : 71 (pollution tolerance & related reactions) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) Nanaimo Harbour 6: 13 (re Lakelse fossils & significance) IBO:(483) (pollution study) 70 , 73 (intertidal abundance; substrate xiv, xvii, xviii, 44(224, 247) (development of) preferences) xxiv (surface waters & influencing factors) 40, 41, 42 (oceanographic conditions with respect Myxioola aesthetioa (polychaete) to sewage & effluent disposal) 4:193 (in species list) 43, 44 (fisheries) 45 (bathymetry & shoreline topography) Myzostomadae (polychaetes) 45 (re freshwater imput & importance) 5:IB0:(250) (Nanaimo species; Strait of Georgia 48 (tide heights & reference stations) pelagic species) 50 (Fraser River effects) 54(243) (factors effecting variation in seawater properties, currents & estuarine circulation) 55 (wind effects) 58 (direction, strength & periodicity of tidal currents) Nagel, J.E. 64 (exposure to wind & wave action re delta 1:IBO:(449) (snow goose migrations in eastern front shape) segment of Pacific flyway) 66 (flushing action - influencing factors & transport patterns) Naididae (oligochaetes) 67 (re possible pollution problems with respect 6:183 (in species list) to flushing regime) 123, 128 (amenities; institutional sites; port Nais sp. (Naidid, unspecified) authority) 6:183 (in species list) 123, 125, 128 (berth & storage space; ownership; location; capacity; products handled) Nanaimoen8is berkeley (polychaete) 125 (products & tonnages exported; shipping 5:IBO:(272) (habitat; swarming) destinations) 125, 126, 128(239, 243) (proposed port develop Nanaimo, City of ment - facilities; location; opposition; 1, 115 (boundaries) alternate sites; modifications of; locating 3(249, 270, 273) (economics) rationale; environmental considerations; 3-7 (settlement; industrialization; commercial reviewing committees; decisions) development; public utilities; social :139 (shellfish beds re harvesting regulations; services; transportation facilities) contamination studies - purposes & 3-7(224, 274, 275) (history) anticipated results) 34(270) (water supply & problems) :151 (environmental research re estuarine 115, 117 (regional district area statistics; importance to local fish & wildlife resources) population distribution; growth & trends) :152, 154(245,276) (most likely development sites) 116(273) (city limits) :154 (rate, nature & environmental significance 117 (employment statistics) of natural flushing mechanisms) 118(274, 285) (mining history & significance) :IB0:(228) (surficial geology) 152(236) (domestic & industrial water require :(241) (float observations) ments & controls with respect to :(243) (current charts) natural renewable resource needs) :(246, 247, 283) (pollution) :IBO:(224) (general information) :(251, 257, 261, 272, 279, 282, 284) (port :(238,239) (sewage project) alternatives) :(240, 272, 280, 284) (waste water disposal) :(253, 259, 260, 275, 285) (development re :(270, 278) (living patterns) fishery) :(273) (parking facilities) :(266, 269, 282) (development re wildlife) :(273, 274, 276, 277, 278) (regional planning) :(272, 274, 275, 276, 284) (development :(276) (civic government; geography) proposals) :(275, 276) (publications) 172. Nan Nar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Nanaimo Harbour (cont'd.) potential, usage & activities within 5:IB0:(277) (sites comparisons) estuary & watershed) 5:115-133 (land & water use) Nanaimo Harbour Commission :118 (coal production) 58 (re inner harbour construction) :124 (waterfront uses map) 121(275) (lumber shipments) :129, 130 (water supply - sources, historic & 125(275) (re forest products shipping terminal) current boundaries & facilities; IBO:(275) (three Nanaimo Harbour Commission reservoirs - locations, need, construction, reports) capacities; release regulations & regidnal fisheries) Nanaimo Harbour News :130 (wastewater disposal system - boundaries 5:128(275) (suitable port development locations) administration) :131- 133 (natural resources) Nanaimo River and Estuary :133 (archaeological site locations, status & 1:IBO:(487) (map) preservation recommendations) 5:title page (status of environmental knowledge to :151-153(224) (effects of development) 1976) :152 (re B.C. Hydro gas pipeline - location & :frontispiece (aerial photograph of estuary) minimizing environmental impact) i-iv (table of contents) 154, 155 (importance to fish production) v-xiii (lists of appendices, figures, tables, 154, 155(268) (waterfowl) abbreviations & symbols) 154- 155 (report conclusions) :xiv, xix (report purpose & intended usage) 155 (historic & future economic basis, changing :xiv, xix (preface) economic significance & development :xiv, xxvii, 3-7(272) (human inhabitation; patterns) settlement: pioneers) 155 (future planning requirements & principles) : xv, xvi, xvii, xxv (fishing) 166 171 (invertebrate species list) : xv, xvi, xxvii, 3 (forestry) 173 174 (list of fish species) : xv, xvii, 3-5, 7, 118 (regional mining IBO (227) (coalfields) importance & developmental significance) (228) (surficial geology) :xvi, xvii (sewage disposal) (230) (basin geology) :xvi, xvii, xxvii, 7 (regional transportation) (233) (weather data) :xvi, xxii, 1 (estuarine characteristics) (237) (physical geography) :xvii, xviii (estuarine importance & pollution (245) (ecology) problem) (252) (faunal comparison) :xviii, xxix (port development) (257) (salmon; migratory trout) :xix, xxi (acknowledgements) (258) (angler harvest) : xx (Estuary Working Group) (258) (observation methods) :xxii-xxix (summary re: hydrology, climate, (258) (juvenile salmon) geology, sedimentology, soils, oceanog (259) (fish -species composition, raphy , invertebrates, fish, aquatic & abundance & diet) terrestial flora, wildlife, land & water (262, 267) (macrophyte biomass & distribution) use, regional development) (270, 274) (water power development) :xxii-xxix, 134-150 (pollution — problems, (279) (water quality) solutions & sources) 1, 39 (estuarine boundaries; classification) Nanaimo Senior High School, Nanaimo, British Columbia 1-7 (introduction) 5:IBO:(275) (Nanaimo past & present) 2 (map of) 3-7 (history; commerical development; Nanika River industrialization; utilities; services; 3:IB0:(365) (rehabilitation project) transportation facilities) 8-17(226, 229) (geology) Nanocladius 15-17 (soils) 6:186 (N. brevinervis; N. sp. (in species list)) 18-30(235) (climatology) 31-38 (hydrology) Naroissu8 pseudonaroissus (daffodil) 39-67 (oceanography) 1:284 (in species list) 47 (productivity re nutrient sources) 54 (current strength & importance) Narver, D.W. 54-64 (currents & circulation) 3:IB0:(319) (physical limnological measurements at 68-74 (invertebrates) Babine & Nilkitkwa Lakes) 75 (salmonid species & production) :(368) (primary productivity in the Babine 75-90 (fish) Lake system) 86 (commercial fishing) 4:IB0:(294) (age & size of steelhead trout in 87-89(258) (sport fishing) Vancouver Island angler's catches) 88 (conditions in Nanaimo watershed & lakes; 5: 68(253) (logging effects on stream biota) angler rating) : 82, 89(259) (survey of angler caught Nanaimo : 89, 90 (Indian food fishery) River steelhead) : 91-101(262) (flora) : 97(264) (historical & present eelgrass :102 (size & importance to birds) distribution) :102-114(224, 258, 268) (wildlife) :104(268) (estuarine importance to birds) :105 (importance to over-wintering swans) :105(268) (regional Canada & snow goose populations) :111 (re carrying capacity) :105(268) (historical abundance of black brant) :112, 113, 114, 131-133(276) (recreational assets, :112(268) (re estuarine hunting time) 173. Nar Nea

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Narvcr, D.W. (cont'd.) Naumann, D.K. 5:143(281) (re logging & trout abundance) 1:IBO:(467) (development planning for Corporation :143(28l) (eelgrass reduction) of Delta) 3:123(383) (wildlife as a recreational resource) Nash, F.W. :139(377) (land use trends) 1:IB0:(417) (intensity of herring spawnings in :139(377) (Prince Rupert population composition & B.C.) housing regulations) 4: 85(294) (annotated bibliography on Strait of :140(377) (Prince Rupert pleasure craft) Georgia fishes) :141(377) (statistics of Prince Rupert fishing industry) Nasichuck, M.D. :143(377) (Prince Rupert transportation) 2:IB0:(331, 333) (structural responses in marine communities to Kraft pulp mill Nautiohthys oculofasciatus (sailfin sculpin) effluent) 6:195 (in species list)

Nasmith, H.W. Navicula grevillei 1: 15, 16(364) (geological & glaciological 2:206 (in species list) evolution of Fraser River delta) :IB0:(365); 2:IB0:(260) (engineering geology, Navicula sp. (diatom, unspecified) southern B.C. Cordillera) 1:146 (in freshwater zone (Canoe Pass)) 2:IB0:(259) (Strait of Georgia & Fraser River :146 (forming layer over mud of Sturgeon Banks) delta re recent sediments & their 2:100 (phytoplankton component) deposition environment) :205; 3:221 (in species list) 4: 21(270) (postglacial crustal rising) : 22(270) (re past sea levels) Navigation (see also Dredging; Waterfront land use) :IBO:(229) (postglacial crustal movements in 1:193 (South Arm of river important for) southwestern B.C. & Washington State) :194 (use of North Arm of river) :213 ("deadheads" as hazard) Nass River 3: 43 (interacts with Skeena River in Tugwell Neave, F. Island vicinity) 1:103(422) (pink salmon seaward migration from Fraser River) Na88arius (whelk gastropods) :104(422) (chum salmon spawning in lower river) 1: 91 (as food of scoters in delta) :IB0:(403) ; 2:IB0:(287); 3:IB0:(339) (condition :264; 4:195 (N. sp. (in species list)) of B.C. butter clam fishery) 4:195 (N. obsoletus (in species list)) (413) ; 2:IB0:(294) (migration of pink salmon in southern B.C. & Washington) Nassarius mendicus (416, 422); 2:IB0:(296); 3:IB0:(350) (fishery 1:264; 2:190; 5:169 (in species list) wealth of B.C.) (421) ; 2:IBO:(299); 3:IB0:(356) (anadromous Nasturtium sp. (nasturtium, unspecified) fishes of Pacific Coast) 1:284 (in species list) (421) ; 2:IB0:(299); 3:IB0:(356) (stream ecology & production of anadromous Natantia (see also Callianassa; Crago; Pandalus; fish re fish-power problems) Upogebia; also Crayfish; Equalus; Pandalopsis; (422) ; 3:IBO:(356) (fluctuations of B.C. pink Spirontooaris) salmon) 3:208; 4:199 (in species list) 2:IB0 (299) ; 3:IBO:(350, 356) (brief concerning B.C. fisheries resources) Nath, J.N. (299) ; 3:IB0:(356) (review on life histories 1:IBO:(350) (estuaries of Pacific northwest) of North Pacific chum & pink salmon) 4: 85(294) (Cowichan Lake kokanee) Nathan, C : 87(294) (coho production & minimum streamflow 1:IB0:(466) (erosion & land use of Point Grey) conditions during juvenile freshwater residence) Natica olausa 91(294) (spawning chinook salmon) 2:189 (in species list) 92(294) (steelhead spawning dynamics) 94(294) (Dolly Varden distribution) National Academy of Sciences 95(294) (brief description of rainbow trout 6:136(285) (biota re aluminum hydroxide floes) habitat, distribution & natural history) ; 96(294) (re spawning of brown trout) National Research Council :102(294) (origin of fish captured in Strait of 4:IBO:(275) (bibliography of Canadian hydrology) Georgia sport fishery) :105(299) (Quamichan Lake fish kills) Native Blackberry (see Rubus ursinus) :IB0:(288) (Ladysmith oyster investigations) :(288) (seasonal settlement of shipworm Natural History Society of British Columbia (see larvae) British Columbia Natural History Society) :(288) (B.C. range of Japanese little-neck clam) :(294) (salmon angling records from Cowichan Natural resources Bureau (Vancouver) Bay) 1:120(421) (management & fishways resulting in :(294) (Cowichan River steelhead & brown increase of stock & value of Fraser trout) River sockeye salmon) 2:IBO:(299) ("net" profits) Neb 174. Nep

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Nebalia (malacostracans) 3: 68 (noted in Porpoise Harbour - Wainwright Basin 4:198 [N. sp. (in species list)) area) :198; 4:185; 6:183, 188 (in species list) Nebaliacea (malacostracans) :IB0:(347) (re sockeye salmon) 1:267 (mention of estuarine forms) Nematodinium (radiolarians) Nebert, M. 1:270 (N. armatum (in species list)) 5: 96(264) (phosphorus cycling in eelgrass) 6: 95(271) (nutrient recycling in eelgrass) Nemertea (ribbon worms) 1:261 (Paranemertes sp. & other unidentified forms Nechako River (in species list)) 1:256 (streamflow station; water quality parameters) 2:187; 3:198; 4:190; 5:166, 169; 6:188 (in species 3:IBO:(314) (information source) list) 3: 69 (of Ridley Island red liquor discharge cove, Neakera douglasii Kitson Island Intertidal zone) 3:225 (in species list) Nemertean sp. (see Nemertea) Neokera menziesii 3:225 (in species list) Nemeth, L. 1:208(482) (likelihood of new sewage disposal Nectar facilities required for disposal of 1:306-307 (as food of humming birds) toxic & hazardous substances not now permitted to enter present facilities Neotolipari8 pelagious (tadpole snailfish) for Greater Vancouver area) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) :216 (in species list) Nemoura (spring stonefly) 6:185 (N. zapoda oolumbiana; tf.sp. (in species list); Nedeco 3:IBO:(296) (Prince Rupert harbour development Nemouridae (spring stonefly family) survey report) 6:184 (in species list)

Needham, P. Neooloeon sp. (small mayfly, unspecified) 6:150(285) (alleged eulachon tainting & the 6:184 (in species list) Kitamaat Indian fishery) Neogastropoda (see Amphissa; Ceratostoma; Colus Needle Spike Rush (see Eleocharis acicularis) Mitrella; Nassarius; Olivella; Thais)

Neill, J.W. Neomysis mercedis (mysid) 1:IBO:(435) (history & development of University 2: 80 (frequents tidal creeks) of British Columbia Nitobe Memorial :193, 199 (in species list) Garden) :(435) (University of British Columbia vines Neomysis sp. & climbers) 2:193 (in species list)

Nelson, B.N. Neotoma oinerea oocidentalis (bushy-tailed wood rat) 1:IBO:(350) (environmental framework of coastal 2:217; 3:242 (in species list) plain estuaries) 3:122 (inhabit Skeena region)

Nelson, H. Nephtydidae (polychaetes) 4:150(279) (distribution of mill effluents) 3:199 (in species list) :151(314) (effects of zinc on Pacific oysters) :IBO:(315) (re heavy metal contamination in Nephtys (errant polychaete) shellfish) 1: 89 (one species found in main river channel) :228 (disappear under anaerobic conditions) Nelson, R.W. :262 (N. caeca (in species list)) 1:IBO:(451) (horned puffin occurrences & status :262; 4:191 (N. oaecoides (in species list)) in B.C.) :262; 4:191; 6:188 (N. sp. (in species list)) 3: 74 (associations) Nelson, U.C : 74 (habit) 1:IBO:(449) (cackling goose migration & management) 4: 74 (biomass of N. sp. found in Stuart Channel substrates; ecological significance) Nematoda 1: 82, 90 (of Sturgeon & Roberts Banks) Nephtys oornuta (errant polychaete) : 84 (in benthos near Steveston fish processing 6: 73 (habitat & regional dominance of) plants) :188 (in species list) : 91 (plentiful in Richmond Nature Park) :228 (preference for anaerobic conditions) Nephtys ferruginea (polychaete) :229 (able to survive hydrogen sulphide in 3:199; 6:188 (in species list) environment) 6: 73 (species dominance) :262 (unnamed marine, freshwater & terrestrial forms) Nephtys punctata (polychaete) 3: 66 (found in Stumaun Creek) 3:199 (in species list) 175, Nep Nik

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Neptunea (gastropod) Newsom, J.D. 2:189 (N. phcmiceus (in species list)) 1:IBO:(350) (marsh & estuary management symposium) 4:195 (N. sp. (in species list)) Newt Nereidae (polychaetes) Pacific Coast (see Tarioha granulosa granulosa) 3:199; 6:189 (in species list) 5:IB0:(249) (Nanaimo species list) New Westminster (see also Pattullo Bridge) 1: 2 (upper limit of estuarine influence) Nereis (bristle worms) 33-35 (climatological stations near) 1: 91 (in Richmond Nature Park) 36-38 (average temperature, rainfall &snowfall) 225 (temperature effect on) 52-253 (tidal range in river; river flow 228 (indifference to anaerobic conditions) records) 262 (N. limnicola (in species list)) :113 (mercury levels in white sturgeon up to 263; 4:191 (N. procera (in species list)) Mission) 2:188; 3:199; 4:191 (N. sp. (in species list)) :119 (establishment (1870) of first sockeye salmon 4:191 (N. aga8sizi; N. pelagica; N. vexillosa (in cannery) species list)) :123 (eulachon fishery up to Mission) 5:166 (N. virens (in species list)) :193, 197 (port development; waterfront management authority) Nereocystis lutkeana (brown alga) :205, 341 (sewage outfall effluent amounts) 3:106 (habit of) :IB0:(354) (history) :222 (in species list) (356) (surficial geology) (357) (recent geology) Net-spinning Caddisflies (see Hydrospychidae) (468) (river training effects) (487, 488) (map) Nettle common (see Urtica dioica) New Westminster Harbour Commission hedge (see Staohys oooleyae) 1:IB0:(467) (deficiencies of present navigational hemp [see Galeopis tetrahit) channel in Fraser River) stinging (see Urtica lyalli) unspecified (see Urtica sp.) Ney, C.S. 2:IB0:(260) (western Cordillera copper & molybdenum Neu, H.J.A. deposits) 1: 60(380) (hydraulic model study of lower Fraser River) Nickel Ion 1: 58 (levels in estuary waters) Neufeld, J.H. : 90 (levels in Sturgeon & Roberts Banks marine 1:IBO:(365) (sodium determination on the exchange macrofauna) complex on some lower Fraser Valley 3: 33 (levels in Cronin Creek) soils, re distance from ocean & analysis methods) Nicomache lumbricalis (polychaete) 4:193 (in species list) Neufeld, N. 4: 82(285) (oyster purification methods) Nicomekl River 1: 2 (re Mud Bay) Neuman, R. 11, 12 (geology) 3:IBO:(319) (chemical & physical limnological 14 (tidal flats) observation re Babine & Great 14, 81 (as source of sediments for Boundary Bay) Central lakes) 86 (cause of lack of crabs in Boundary Bay) 97 (former rearing of Atlantic oysters on tidal Neumann, D.A. flats) 1:IB0:(352, 481) (effects of suspended & deposited 116 (no major salmonids in) sediments on estuarine organisms) 117 (some chum salmon runs in) 126 (bacteria level off mouth) Neuroptera (lacewings) 139 (urbanization near) 3:xxii (nymphs noted in drainage system benthos) 189 (suggested improved facilities for sport : 65 (nymphs in Morrison Lake) fishing) :206; 4:187 (in species list) :233, 236 (lowlands, as vital biological area) :IB0:(374) (flooding) Neurotriohu8 gibbsi (shrew mole) :(462) (problems; proposals) 1:319 (habitat; food) Nidula (bird's nest fungus) Newberry, J.S. 1:278 (N. sp. (in species list)) 5: 8(230) (re Nanaimo geology) Nightshade Newcombe, C.F. bittersweet (see Solanum dulcamara) 1:IB0:(449) (report of sea lion investigation) 4:IBO:(297) (Vancouver & Queen Charlotte Islands Nikleva, S.N. flora) 1:IB0:(371) case study of a California cold low moving into southern B.C.) Newman, M. 2:IB0:(264); 3:IB0:(316) (mean precipitation & 3:IBO:(383) (terrestrial development plans in snowfall maps for a mountainous area vicinity of Seal Cove) of potential urban development) 176. Nil Nor

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Nonionella Nilsson W.A. 1:259 (N. basispinata (in species list)) 1:IB0:(422) (the cutthroat trout) :260 (N. labradorica; N. miooenica Stella; N. turgida digitata (in species list)) Ninebark (see Physooarpus sp.; Pseudoaarpus capitatus) Nootka Bluejoint (see Calamagrostis nutkaensis) Ninoe gemma (polychaete) 3:199; 4:192 (in species list) Norcross, E.B. 4: 6(308) (Cowichan Valley development) Nitella sp. : 8(308) (discovery of coal) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) : 9(308) (Cowichan Valley dairying)

Nitrate Norris, D. 1: 57, 58, 90 (levels in estuary waters) 1:IB0:(467) (University of British Columbia :149 (river versus Strait of Georgia as supplier Endowment lands) for phytoplankton nutrition) :199 (formation from bacterial denaturation of North, M.E.A. organic matter) 1:IB0:(347) (lower Fraser River flood plain study)

Nitrogen, organic North Arm of Estuarial Fraser River 1: 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 200 (re estuary water 1: 4, 11, 18 (geography) quality & nutrients) 18 (percent of main river flow) :149 (river versus Strait of Georgia as supplier 18, 19 (sediment load) for phytoplankton nutrition) 19, 136 (dredging) :210 (annual output from stock & poultry manures; 22, 23, 136 (jetty & breakwater effect on leaching from agricultural fertilizers into sediment disposal) natural waters) 49, 253 (streamflow) 54-59 (water quality data) Nitrogen oxides 63-73 (jetty effect on flow) 1:246-251 (atmospheric pollution from industries & 79 (intrusion of salt wedge into) vehicular exhaust emissions; as 83 (muddy bottom benthos at Queensborough atmosphere photochemical oxidants; Bridge) effects of) 93 (jetty effect on lona Island tidal flat benthos) Nitzschia sp. (diatoms, unspecified) 126, 205 (coliform bacteria count high) 1:149 (in Strait of Georgia phytoplankton) 128 (geology of wooded area above) 2:100 (phytoplankton) 136 (effect of jetty & log booming on shoreline :205; 3:221 (in species list) vegetation) :193(467) (port development; waterfront manage Nixon, S.W. ment authority) 4:157(315) (ecology of small boat marinas) :194-198 (navigational use; types of industries requiring) Noble, J.B. 195-196(478) (use by forest products industries) 1:IBO:(356) (late Pleistocene stratigraphy & 204 (re sewage disposal) chronology of southwestern B.C. & IBO:(414, 430, 460) (re resource development northwestern Washington) problems) 4: 19(266) (extent of Vancouver Island ice sheet) :(457) (harbour economics) : 19(266) (late Pleistocene geoclimatic units) :(458) (dredging summary) : 21(266) (surficial deposits of the Fraser :(463) (crossings) Glaciation period) :(485, 486) (map) 5: 13(225) (re Fraser Glaciation) North Fraser Harbour Commissioners Noble, M.D. 1:IBO:(467) (reference plan of North Fraser 1:160(449) (food & its availability for diving harbour area) ducks in Mud Bay) :(467) (59th annual report) :IB0:(447, 450); 2:IB0:(316, 318); 3:IB0:(375, 377) (B.C. waterfowl surveys) Northby, S.L. :(449); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377); 4:IB0:(303) 4:157(315) (ecology of small boat marinas) (food habits of waterfowl in B.C. estuaries, marshes & open bays) Northcote, K.E. 1:IB0:(365) (sulphur, iron, copper, zinc Noctiluoa sp. (dinoflage!late, unspecified) distribution in modern marine 3: 76 (habitats of) sediments of Mud Bay, Crescent Beach) :211 (in species list) :(484); 2:IB0:(338) (distribution of metals 4:106 (re Chemainus Bay phytoplankton) in a modern marine environment) 4:IB0:(271) (Vancouver Island volcanism, plutonism Nodding False-oat (see Trisetum cernuum) & mineralization) :(271); 5:IB0:(230) (bedrock geology of Nodding Reedgrass (see Cinna latifolia) Vancouver Island)

Northcote, T.G. 1: 83(403) (mysid abundance 1n arms of lower Fraser River) 177. Nor Nud

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Northcote, T.G. (cont'd) effluent levels; necessary oxygen 1:101, 118, 240(422) (freshwater & anadromous fish concentrations) populations of lower river & importance 5:154 (rate, nature & environmental significance to man) of natural flushing mechanisms) :102(415) (longnose & leopard dace of lower river) :IB0:(238) (biology) :113(422) (high mercury levels in lower river (238, 279) (oceanography) white sturgeon) (247, 277) (port development) :151(450) (amphibian, avian, reptilian & mammalian (282) (pollution abatement project) species of delta) :163(450) (birds of delta) Northwest Twayblade (see Listera oaurina) :IBO:(413); 2:IBO:(294); 3:IBO:(347) (environment al factors re emergence of chum salmon Nostroma fuscum (green alga) fry) 3:220 (in species list) :(414); 2:IB0:(294); 3:IB0:(347) (effects of gravel size, egg depth & density on Notholca longispina (rotifer) emergence of coho salmon fry) 4: 73 (inhabitat Lake Cowichan) 3:IBO:(357) (Prudhomme &Rainbow Lake surveys) :185 (in species list) 6:136(280) (polychlorinated biphenyl levels in dungeness crabs of Kitimat Arm) Notoaomea scutum (limpet) 5:166 (in species list) Northern Black Cottonwood (see Populus trichocarpa) Notomastus (polychaete) Northern Elephant Seal (see Mirounga angustirostrus) 6:189 (N. sp (in species list))

Northern Maidenhair (see Adiantum pedatum) Northon, A.B. 1: 82(345) (meiofauna of Sturgeon & Roberts Banks) Northern Phalarope (see Lobises lobatus) : 90(396) (infaunal community; also heavy-metal & polychlorinated biphenyl content of Northern Sentinel macrofauna on above banks) 7(254) (early Kitimat settlers) : 92(396) (meager benthos population of lona 146(285) (Eurocan siltation problems) Island tidal flats) 150(285) (alleged eulachon tainting & the Indian :148(396) (chlorophyll a value of plankton & food fishery) macrophytes of above banks) 4:145(311) (analysis of selected invertebrates Northern Shoveler (see Anas olypeata) for heavy metal & polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants) Northern Squawfish (see Ptyohocheilus oregonensis) Nostoc sp. (blue-green algae, unspecified) Northern Waterthrush (see Seiurus noveboracensis 4:104 (Cowichan Lake habitat; season of peak notabilis) abundance)

Northey, J.L. Notorynchus maculatus (sevengill shark) 1:IBO:(462) (impact of Greater Vancouver highway 1:276 (in species list) development on land use) Nowosad, F.S. Northumberland Channel 6:IB0:(260) (northern agriculture) 5:xxiv (flushing) :xxix, 140 (effluent dispersion rates) Nucifraga oolumbiana (Clark's nutcracker) : 28, 47 (wind strength & influencing factors) 3:214; 4:221; 5:189 (in species list) : 39 (re oceanographic boundaries) : 42, 43, 140 (oceanographic conditions with Nucula (clams) (see also Aaila) respect to sewage & effluent disposal) 1:264; 3:204; 4:197 [N. tenuis (in species list)) 47 (physiography & turbulent effects) :264; 6:190 (N. sp (in species list)) 50 (tidal studies re shipping) 6: 71 (habitats) 50, 52, 53 (salinity, temperature, density & dissolved oxygen profiles; spatial & Nuculana cellulita (bivalve) vertical distributions) 4:197 (in species list) 55, 140 (current distribution & direction) 59 (typical surface current patterns during Nuculana miniata (bivalve) northwest & southeast winds) 3:204 (in species list) 59 (variable & confused surface current patterns during calm & light local winds) Nuculana pernula (bivalve) 61, 63 (current - observations, directions & 3:204 (in species list) dispersal properties) 62 (current velocities with respect to depth) Nuculana sp. (bivalve, unspecified) 63 (tri-laminar flow rationale) 4:197; 6:190 (in species list) 63 (factors effecting currents) 6: 71 (habitats) 65, 140 (flushing action with respect to depth timing, location, current direction & Nuculanidae (bivalves) strength; mixing characteristics) 3:204 (in species list) :136 (re Harmac pulp mill pollution) 137 (re sewage disposal) Nudibranchia (nudibranchs) 140 (effluent receiving capacity; acceptable 2: 74, 76, 155 (Anisodoris nobilis; Dendronotus 178. Nud Oce

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Nudibranchia (nudibranchs) (cont'd.) Nymphaea polyeepalvan (yellow pond lily) rufus; 0nohidori8 bilamellata; Triopha 6:102 (habitat; species abundance) carpenteri — habitat) 2: 76 (Aeolidia papillosa; Hermissenda cra88ioorni8 Nymphaeceae (water lily family) (see also Nuphar] - food of) 6:206 (in species list) : 76 (Aoanthodoris nanaimoensis — subtidal occurrence) Nyrocinae : 77, 148 (Hermissenda orassioornis —abundance of) 1:IB0:(447); 4:IB0:(303) (wintering habitat; :160, 161 (in Britannia mine vicinity) distribution) :190 (Aaanthodori8 nanaimoensis; Aegires albo- punctatu8; Aeolidia papillosa; Anisodoris nobilis; Antiopella barbarensis; Arohidoris 0 montereyensis; A. odhneri; Armina califor- nica; Berthella dentioulatus; Cadlina flavomaculata; C. luteomarginata; Coryphella Oak (see_ Quercus garryana) rufibranohialis; C. trilineata; Dendronotus iris; D. rufus; Dialula sandiegoensis; Oak Fern (see Gumnocarpium dryopteris) Dirona albolineata; D. aurantia; Hermis senda orasBioornis; Melibe leonina; Oats Onohidoris bilamellata; Tochuina tetraquetra; wild (see Avena fatua) Triopha carpenteri; Tritonia j'estiva (in (see Avena sativa) species list)) 3:204 (dorid type (in species list)) Obelia (hydrozoan) 4:195 (mentioned in species list) 2: 76 (Obelia sp. colonies) :186; 4:189; 5:169 (0. longissima (in species Numenius phaeopus (whimbrel) list)) 1:302 (habitat; food; etc.) 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) O'Brien, J.J. 1:IB0:(454, 467) (recreation classification & Nuphar polysepalum (yellow water lily) waterfowl potential of Boundary Bay) 3:230; 6:206 (in species list) :108 (location; habitats; usage) Ocean Park (beach) 4:105 (Cowichan & Quamichan Lake habitats) 1: 85, 99 (crab fishing) :140 (recreation; eelgrass beds) Nuthatch red-breasted (see Sitta canadensis) Ocean Spray (see Holodiecus discolor)

Nutcracker Oceanodroma furcata (fork-tailed storm petrel) Clark's (see Nucifraga oolumbiana) 3:236 (in species list) Nutri a (see Myocaster coypus bonariensis) Oceanography (see also Currents; Hydraulic models; Plume; Salinity; Salt wedge; San Juan Islands Nutrients, aquatic (see also Food chains; Nitrate; Channels; Strait of Georgia; Tidal effects; Nitrogen, organic; Phosporus compounds; Potassium Upwelling; Waves; Wind; also other aspects of, ion; Silicon compounds; Upwelling) & names of Lower Coastal localities) l:xvi, 1 (re estuarine ecology) 1: 63-79 (of southern Strait of Georgia re effects :149 (silicate & other, re diatoms & other phyto on Fraser River estuary) plankton growth in lower Strait of Georiga) : 71-77; 2: 59, 60 (wind effects) 2: 44, 45, 46 (measurements & analysis of, in : 77-78; 2: 60, 61; 3: 55-58; 5:48-50; 6: 45-47 estuary) (tides) : 58 (re dyking) 78-79 (recent studies re estuary) :143 (re sewage disposal) :240,241; 2:182; 5:161 (ongoing research projects) :145 (loss of, re streamside vegetation clearance) :IB0:(381-391); 2:IBO:(269-280); 3:IBO:(322-331); 5: 47 (sources) 4:IBO:(278-282); 5:IBO:(238-248); 6:IBO: : 50, 93 (distribution & seasonal variations) (263-265) (bibliography) : 92 (experimental locations & program status) :(381-391, 391-394); 2:IB0:(273); 3:IB0:(327); 5:IBO:(243) (bibliographies pertaining Nuts to) 1:305 (as food of pigeon) :(382, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391); 309 (as food of nuthatch) 2:IB0:(270, 271, 273, 274); 3:IB0:(327) 320 (as food of black rat) (project data records; Strait of Georgia & Juan de Fuca Strait cruise records) Nuttallornis borealis (olive-sided flycatcher) (383) (re harbour investigations) 2:214; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) (383); 5: 40, 41, 42 (re sewage disposal) (384) (re Puget Sound surface winds) Nyctea soandiaca (snowy owl) (385) (with respect to sea adjacent Fraser 1:167-168, 306 (habitat; predation; etc.) River mouth) :168 (census in Ladner area) (389) (Puget Sound, Pacific region) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) (390) (submarine daylight) 2:213; 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) (390, 391); 2:IB0:(276, 277); 5:IB0:(246) (strait of Georgia -physical fresh Nyers, F. water budget, water masses & drift 3:180:(319) (water quality study of Comox & Prince bottle observations) Rupert Harbours) 2:xviii (Howe Sound circulation) 179. Oce Odo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Oceanography(cont'd.) 5:xxiii, xxiv (water conditions) 2: 48 (historyof HoweSoundoceanography& :xxiii,xxiv, 64, 65 (wave action) associatedprojects) :xxiii,xxiv,65-67(247,285) (flushingaction) : 49 (effectof seasonalfluctuationsin Squamish : 39, 43 (biologicallyoriented studies) River dischargeon some oceanographic : 40, 43 (seawaterobservation& analysis) parameters) : 43, 54-69 (estuarinecirculation& tide : 49, 50 (descriptionof, reasoningfor & factors studies) effectingdensitystratification) : 47 (stratificationphenomena) 49-50(276);3: 44-51;6: 47-56(salinity) : 48 (waterclarity;factorsinfluencing) 50(276);3: 52, 53 (temperatures& effects) : 50-54 (waterproperties) 51 (upwelling) :IBO:(239-245)(DepartureBay) 51 (freshwaterflow pattern) :(245,254, 265) (allochthonousbacteria& 51-58 (horizontalcurrents) organic material re) 53 (dykingeffects) xxiv (characterization) 53 (sub-surfaceestuarinecurrents) 40-42 (studies) 54, 55 (currentspeed) 47-56(waterproperties) 56, 57 (currentprofiles) 54, 57-62 (circulation) 58;3: 53,54 (turbidity) 59 (droguemonitoring) 61, 62; 3: 54, 55;4: 62-67; 5:xxiii, xxiv, 41 135(KitimatArmstratification) 42, 64, 65; 6: 54, 57-62 (currents) IBO:(265)(regionalobservations) : 62, 63, 64 (waterexchange) :233,234; 3:283-284;4:253-255(263);5:218; Oceanography,biological(seealso Oceanography) 6:246 (glossary) 1:160:(391-454)(bibliographyincluding) :IB0:(265)(coastal& estuarinehydrodynamics) :(270,272);6:IB0:(260)(B.C.fiords) Oaenebra interfossa (gastropod) :(270,273);3:IBO:(324,327)(monitorproject 4:195 (in species list) data records) :(273);6:IB0:(264)(withrespecttoB.C. Oaenebra japonioa (oysterdrill) estuaries) 4: 77 (introducedto LadysmithHarbour) :(273,274);3:IB0:(326,327, 328,329); :195 (in specieslist) 5:IB0:(244)(coastalseawaysprojects) :(276);3:IB0:(330)(reCanadianPacific) Ooenebra tenuisoulpta (gastropod) 3: 39(327);5:IB0:(243);6: 42-45(information- 3:203 (in specieslist) sources,data collectionmethods,usage & summary) Oahotona princeps littoralis (pika) : 40(323)(ChathamSound;HecateStrait;Queen 2:216(in specieslist) Charlotte Sound; Dixon Entrance; WatsonIsland;WainwrightBasin) Ochteridae(velvetyshore bugs) : 41 (re assessmentof effectivenessof pollution 6:185 (in species list) control facilities) : 41 (channelsconductingfreshwater into O'Connor, J.M. Chatham Sound) 1:IBO:(352,481)(effectsofsuspended& deposited : 42 (stationlocationsoccupiedduringPrince sedimentson estuarineorganisms) Rupert area survey) : 43 (waterflow throughInverness,Marcus& Octopoda(octopus) Telegraph passages& subsequenteffects) 86 (some speciesnear White Rock) : 43 (tidal banks) 191(inspecieslist) : 44 (fluctuationsredischargevariations& 78 (commericalvalue) climatological influences) : 45, 46,47 (salinitydistributionduringnormal Octopus dofleini (octopod) & freshet conditions) 2:191; 3:205;4:198 (in specieslist) : 49 (freshwaterconcentrationin sectionthrough main Skeena River channel) Odocoileus(Americandeer) : 50 (sectionsthroughPorpoiseHarbour& Wain 3:xxv (inhabitSkeenaregion) wright Basin showing distributionof salinity,temperature& density) Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Columbianblacktail :IBO:(317)(PrinceRupertHarbour) deer) :(325)(masstransportcomputations;Canadian 1:172(food;isolatedpopulationson delta) research; surface layer characterist :172;3:IB0:(377);4:124;5:111 (habitat) ics) 2:126 (estuarine inhabitant) :(325,328, 329)(northPacificsurveydata :218; 4:224; 5:193 (in species list) records) 3:122 (inhabit Skeena region) :(328)(physical,chemical& planktondata) :IB0:(372,379) (ecology) :(329)(coastalheatexchange;heatbudget) 4:124(stability;distribution;locationof;forage 4: 56,57 (studies;observations) & factors effecting;productionpotential) : 57,58(mixingregimes;verticaldensity,tem 124; 5:111 (populationsize) perature, oxygen & salinity distribution) 127 (harvest) : 58, 61; 5: 42, 43 (regionalproductivity) 127; 6:111 (re hunting) : 61, 62 (tidaltypes;observationstations) 111 (re range surveys) 68, 70 (resignificanceof waterresidencetimes) :IB0 (264)(encyclopedia) Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (muledeer) (280)(reSaanichInletsill) 3:224 (in species list) (281, 316) (OsbornBay) 180. Odo 01 i

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis (Sitka deer) 1:IBO:(470) (lower mainland pipeline corridor) 3:123 (ungulate production; food resources; :(482) (contribute to Puget Sound pollution) population size) :(485) (permit, drilling, natural gas, lease :123; 6:110 (habitat; distribution) & well locations) :224; 6:218 (in species list) 3:166 (size predictions) 6:110 (regional abundance) :166; 5:144, 145 (oil spill frequency) :166; 6:153 (pollution potential) Odocoileus sp. (deer, unspecified) :171 (asphalt plant emissions) 3:123 (abundance) 4:IB0:(306, 308); 5:IB0:(272, 274, 275, 285); :123; 5:IB0:(268) (habitat) 6:IB0:(279, 283) (pipelines) :(308) (environmental effects) Odonata (damselflies; dragonflies) 5:144, 145 (oil spills —sources, locations, 1: 83 (larvae in river at Mission) patrolling personnel) 3:206; 4:186 (in species list) :144, 145; 6:153 (cleanup equipment - value & storage locations) 0'Donoghue, C.H. 6:153 (oil spill-controlling legislation) 5:IB0:(253) (summer starfish migration) 168 (oil terminus feasibility study) :(253) (Vancouver Island region bryozoa) IBO:(281, 284) (spill countermeasures) :(282) (biological effects of oil pollution 0'Donoghue, E. re birds & aquatic organisms) 5:IBO:(253) (Vancouver Island region bryozoa) Oils and Greases (see also Oil and petrochemical Odonthalia floccosa (red alga) industries) 3:222 (in species list) 1: 55, 56 (in estuary waters) 211-213 (in industrial effluents) Odontosylli8 phosporea (polychaete) 37 (concentration in Skeena estuary) 3:199; 4:192 (in species list) 166 (environmental effects) 5:IB0:(250) (habitat; swarming) Oithona (cyclopods) Odostomia (gastropod) 1: 94 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near & in 2:189 (0. quadroe (in species list)) Fraser River estuary) 4:195 (O. lastre (in species list)) :273 (O. helgolandica; O; plumifera (in species :195 (O. sp. (in species list)) list))

Odum, E.P. Oithona sp. (cyclopods, unspecified) 1:IB0:(347) (value of tidal marsh) 2: 81 (dominate at intermediate depths) :(393) (role of tidal marshes in estuarine 2:198; 3:213 (in species list) production) 3: 76 (habitats of)

Odum, W.E. Okulitch, A.V. 1:IB0:(350) (insidious alteration of the estuarine 3: 13(309) (geological composition of the lower environment) Skeena River channels)

Oenanthe sarmentose (water parsley) Oldsquaw (see Clangula hyemalis) 1:284; 3:230; 4:213; 6:210 (in species list) 3:116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) Oligochaeta 4:113 (re swamp herbs) 1: 82 (of Sturgeon & Roberts Banks) : 83 (of river at Mission & Queensborough bridge Oenopota (gastropod) not sensitive pollution monitors) 4:195 (in species list) : 84 (in benthos near Steveston fish processing plants) Oenthera biennis (western yellow evening primrose) :229 (able to survive hydrogen sulphide in 1:284 (in species list) environment) :262 (various unidentified marine, freshwater Oenthera hookeri (evening primrose) & terrestrial forms) 1:284 (in species list) :IB0:(396) (B.C. forms) :xix (habitat of, in estuary) Oikopleura (chordate) 70 (dominate the western delta lower zone) 1:271; 3:212 (in species list) :188, 197; 3:192; 4:185; 6:183 (in species 3: 75 (consumed by Chatham Sound salmon) list) : 76 (habitats of) 3:xxii (drainage system benthos) : 64, 65 (found in Lakelse Lake, Babine Lake Oil and Petrochemical Industries (see also Fuel & Morrison Lake) consumption; Hydrocarbons; Oils and greases) 65 (pollution tolerance) 1:213, 239(475, 479); 2:IB0:(329, 333, 334) (also 72 (habits of) hazards from oil spills) 70 (river habitat & surrounding water quality) :213, 329 (types of pollutants from drilling & 70, 74 (re intertidal zone) refining) :246, 247 (types & amounts of emissions of Oligochaete sp. atmosphere pollutants from oil 2:188 (in species list) refineries) -TB0:(369) (bibliography of geology re oil prospecting & drilling) 181 01 i One

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Oligocottus maculosus (tidepool sculpin) 0'Malley, H. 1:116 (young feeding in Boundary Bay) 1:107(422) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye sal 4:206; 5:174 (in species list) mon migration into & within Fraser River) Oligocottus rimensis (saddleback sculpin; prickly Onagraceae (evening primrose family) (see also sculpin) Circaea; Epilobium) 4:206; 5:174 (in species list) 6:206 (in species list) Oligocottus sp. (sculpin, unspecified) Onoaea (cyclopods) 2: 85 (estuarine residents) 1:273 (O. conifera (in species list)) :201 (in species list) Onoorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon) Oligotrichia aligerum 1: 96, 102-103(413, 417, 418); 2: 90(293); 3: 81 3:225 (in species list) (migration - patterns; estuarine habits; adult; juvenile; influencing factors; Oligotrichia parallelism direction; periods; peaks) 3:225 (in species list) 111(413, 429) (Pacific lamprey parasitism of adult) :120 (management) Olivella boetica :120; 3:IB0:(359, 417) (exploitation) 2:190 (in species list) 120(417); 2: 94, 95(296); 3: 81, 90(343, 351) (fishery -sport; re B.C.; value; re Oliver, J. even & odd year yields; history; 1:202, 203, 204(480) (factors re decisions for average yields; re peak fishing season; Vancouver area sewerage treatment & entrance into commerical) disposal locations) :IB0:(407 (Fraser River production of, with respect to dam proposals) Oloffs, P.C :(410 ; 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(344) (even & odd 1:126(430, 478) (heterotrophic bacteria counts in year run identification) Fraser River delta & estuary waters & :(411 (Hell's Gate tagging) effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons :(413 ; 2:IB0:(293) (egg & alevin survival re on such bacteria) transported sediments) :IBO:(479) (factors affecting behaviour of :(416 (marine survival factors) chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural :(416 418, 423, 428); 2: 90; 3: 81; 5: 80; waters & their sediments) 6: 81 (spawning -grounds; factors 6:136(280) (polychlorinated biphenyl levels in influencing; regimes; locations; sea Dungeness crabs of Kitimat Arm) sons; peak periods) (417 (odd year composition) Olor buccinator (trumpeter swan) (417 427); 5: 80 (abundance) 1:153, 294 (migration; food) (418 ; 2:IB0:(297) (juvenile response to :IB0:(447, 448); 2:IB0:(316, 317); 3:IB0:(375, temperature & salinity gradients) 376); 5:IB0:(267) (B.C. status) (421 ; 2:IB0:(298, 333); 3:IB0:(391) (copper 114, 115 (location) toxicity) 114, 115; 5:104 (distribution) (421 423); 2:IB0:(298, 300); 3:IB0:(358) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) (tagging experiments) 118 (residential status) (422 ; 2:IB0:(299); 3:IB0:(356) (life history) 118; 4:116 (nesting grounds) (422 427); 2:IB0:(299); 3:IB0:(356) (popu :IB0:(374) (Alaskan occurrences) lations - fluctuations; Fraser River) 116; 5:104 (habitat) (425 ; 2:IB0:(302); 3:IB0:(350) (estuarine 116; 6:104 (seasonal sightings) growth model) 104 (estuarine dependence; seasonal abundance) (425 481); 2:IB0:(301, 355); 3:IB0:(392) IB0:(267) (survey) (heavy metal criteria) :(268) (wintering populations) (427 (over-winter survival) 6:104 (abundance) (427 ; 3: 81; 6: 82 (fry enumeration & season of emergence) Olor columbianus (whistling swan) (428 ; 2:203-204; 6: 81, 82, 195 (escapement 1:153, 294 (migration; food) data) :327 (aerial census of, in delta areas, 1966-74) (481 (re chlorinated sewage) 2:210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 85, 86; 3: 81 (locations & habitats -tributary & 4:116 (nesting grounds) estuarine rearing) :116; 5:104 (habitat) 79; 5: 75, 80 (stocks -sizes; historic & current) :116; 6:104 (seasonal sightings) 81 (age at maturity; estuarine residence time) 5:104 (estuarine dependence; seasonal abundance; 216; 4:207; 5:174; 6:195 (in species list) distribution; IBO:(363) (effects of gillnetting on) 6:104 (abundance) 4: 85 (frequency of occurrence) 6: 81 (dominant run) Olor sp. (swan, unspecified) 82 (freshwater & estuarine movements) 2:210 (in species list) 82 (environmental dependence)

Olsen, W.H. Onoorhynchus keta (chum salmon) 4: 6(308) (Chemainus District history & develop 1: 96, 102, 104-105; 2: 90; 3: 82, 83; 4: 90, 91, ment) 99(296); 5: 77 (migration -estuarine habits; : 9(308) (establishment of the City of Duncan) adult; juvenile; strategy; direction; periods; estuarine residency; re oceanic) One 182. One

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Onoorhynchus keta (chum salmon) (cont'd.) peak periods; yields; catch trends; size & 1:104 (upstream swimming speed in delta) locations) :105 (enumeration techniques; environmental 1:163 (merganser predation) changes re spawning areas) :200(478); 2:IB0:(332); 3:IB0:(390); 4:155(278) :116, 117 (young in Boundary Bay area) (pulp mill effluents —toxicity to young, :120-121 (value as fish resource; management) bioassays re, prolonged exposure to) :120-121; 2: 94; 3: 90; 5: 86 (catch - statistics; :IB0:(414); 2:IB0:(294); 3: 81, 82(390); 4: 86, 87, information; problems; size; locations) 89; 5: 75, 76; 6: 79 (fry -migrations; :163 (predation by mergansers) lake residence time; seaward migration :IB0:(407, 412, 415, 428, 429); 2:IB0:(291, 293, strategy; estuarine habitats; residence 295, 303); 3:IB0:(346); 4:IB0:(291, times; emergence; movements; abundance; 296) (Johnstone Strait stocks) size; regional dietary components; :(411, 413, 423, 427) (Fraser River investi sampling stations; dietary preferences; gations) distribution; habitats; season of & :(413); 2: 71, 90(264); 3: 82, 83(347); 4: 90; factors affecting emergence) 5: 77; 6: 74, 80 (fry & juvenile - (414); 2:IB0:(294); 3:IB0:(437) (some factors survival; condition; emergence; diet; governing intragravel movement) migration; habitats; freshwater resi (416, 421); 2:IB0:(295, 298); 3:IB0:(349, 355) dency; size associations; freshwater (re offshore waters) & estuarine movements; food preference; (416, 421); 2:IB0:(296); 3:IB0:(350) (under- consumption of) yearling interactions & ecology with :(417); 2: 94, 95(296); 3:IB0:(351) (fishery respect to behaviour) - value; re B.C.) :(417); 2:IB0:(296); 3:IB0:(350) (underyearling :(421, 423); 2:IB0:(298, 300); 3;IB0:(355, behaviour with respect to temperature) 358); 4:IB0:(294) (tagging experiments; :(423); 2:xix, 71, 72, 87(300); 5: 76(281); behaviour ecology) 6: 79 (diet -food items; fish larvae :(422); 2:IB0:(299); 3:IB0:(356) (life history) re; regional components of; ecological 2:xix, 87; 3: 82, 83; 4: 90(290, 295); 6: 80 (diet) implications of; juvenile preferences) :xix, 87; 4: 89; 5: 75 (locations & habitats of) :(423); 2:IB0:(300) (feeding behaviour) :xix, 87, 88; 3: 82, 83; 5: 75 (abundance -peak; xix, 85, 86, 87; 4: 86; 5: 76; 6: 79 (habitat & general; relative; historic; current) locations - tributaries, estuary & juvenile) : 71 (inner estuary amphipods & insects consumed xix, 87 (abundance) during spring freshet) 87 (dynamics of) : 71, 72, 82, 87 (prey items) 94, 203-204; 4: 87; 5: 76; 6: 78, 79, 194 : 87, 88 (dynamics of) (escapement data & statistics) : 90, 3: 82, 83; 4: 85, 89, 90; 5: 77; 6: 74, 80 :174 (migration re Mamquam Channel) (spawning - regime; locations; peak periods; :201; 3:217; 4:206; 5:174; 6:195 (in species list) seasons; distributions; routes; migrations; 3: 79; 4: 85, 87; 5: 75 (stock -sizes, historic & durations) current) :174 (migration re Mamquam Channel) : 81, 82 (relative abundance; yield) :201; 3:217; 4:206; 5:174; 6:195 (in species list) 4: 86, 87 (populations - Cowichan, Koksilah & :203-204; 4: 89; 5: 76; 6:193 (escapement data) Chemainus Rivers) 3: 79; 4: 85 (stock size) : 87 (factors limiting production) : 82, 83 (yield) : 87, 88 (streamflow factors governing production : 82, 83; 4: 90; 5: 77; 6: 80 (duration of & subsequent catches) estuarine residency) : 99, 102 (exploitation of) : 90 (variation in stock abundance; processing & : 99, 102(292) (Strait of Georgia -investigations, market; fishing method; peak of fishing residency & factors affecting) season) :IB0:(291) (distribution) 4: 89 (Cowichan, Chemainus & Koksilah Rivers :(291, 293, 294, 295) (tag recoveries) populations) 5: 86 (fisheries supplied) : 90 (behaviour; ecological needs) :143 (effect of logging on abundance, size : 99, 100 (exploitation of fisheries sustained by embryonic growth & fry emergence) Cowichan-Koksilah) 5: 60 (parasitism) Onoorhynchus masou (masu salmon) : 86 (re fisheries supplied) 1:IB0:(416, 421); 2:IB0:(295, 298); 3:IB0:(349, 355) (with respect to offshore waters) Oncorhynahus kisutoh (coho salmon) 1:102, 106 (parasitization of Salmon River smolts) Onoorhynchus nerka (sockeye salmon) :102, 106; 2: 90; 3: 81, 82(345); 4: 86, 87(295); 1:102, 106-108(415, 416, 418, 419, 422, 426); 3: 80 5: 76 (migration -habits; adult; juveniles; (358) (migration - habits; strategy; factors duration of; oceanic; olfactory preception affecting; with respect to Hell's re; freshwater; direction of; strategies; Gate flow variations; seaward; season; spawning) oceanic; juvenile; mechanisms; direct :102, 106; 2: 90; 3: 81, 82; 4: 85, 86, 87(295); ion & spawning) 5: 76; 6: 79 (spawning -areas, regimes, peak :108(418, 419, 426, 429); 3:xiii, 80 (spawning - periods, seasons, locations, habitats, asso habits; channel usage; season; peak ciations, migrations, distributions & density) periods; locations; energy expendi :111 (parasitism of young by river lamprey at river tures; mortality prior to) mouth) :108-109(410, 414, 424, 429); 3: 80(352) (fry - :116 (young in Boundary Bay area) downstream migration; migration mec :121-122; 2: 94, 95; 3: 90; 4: 99, 102(294) hanisms; re water quality; season of (fishery — value; resources; Indian food; emergence; lake residence times; commerical; recreational methods; seasons; 183. One One

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Onoorhynchus nerka (sockeye salmon) (cont'd.) Onoorhynchus nerka kennerlyi (kokanee) lakes & estuarine residence re; rearing 3: 85 (coexist with Skeena River whitefish) streams; habitats; densities; distri :217 (in species list) butions) 4: 85 (habitat; size; abundance) 1:111(413, 429) (parasitism of adults by Pacific 5: 81 (distribution; duration in Nanaimo River lamprey) system) :116 (in Boundary Bay) 118 (prehistoric & current use by Indians) Onoorhynchus sp. (Pacific salmon, unspecified) :119 (early salting & canning) (see also Canneries) 119-120 (recent catches & value) l:xvii (Fraser River probably most important :120(417, 418); 3:IB0:(359) (management theory) producer in North America) :201(413, 474); 2:154(329, 333); 3:IB0:(387, 395); 5 (importance to early Indians of delta) 6:IB0:(283) (pulpmill effluent - toxicity 96 (food in lona Island & Sturgeon Bank areas) to; exposure effects; effects on circu 110 (young, as food of estuarial cutthroat trout) lation & respiration) :114 (use of estuarial zone for migration salinity :IB0:(407) (with respect to dam proposals) transition) :(407, 410, 424, 427) (Fraser River - product :116 (no major runs occur in rivers entering ion; tagging) Boundary Bay) :(410) (embryonic development) :125(421) (assigment of dollar value to recreation :(411) (histological & hematological changes & preservation of Fraser River salmon) accompanying sexual maturation) :163, 295-297; 2:117 (mergansers -predation of :(412) (scale collection & interpretation) live young; flesh of dead & eggs of, :(413); 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346) (egg & alevin as food of, & other birds) survival re transported sediments) :222 (re food chain) :(414, 415) (survivorship) :IB0:(395, 410); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(333, 345) :(415); 3:IB0:(348, 353) (biology - general; (herring fishery captures) population) :(407) (smolt migration speeds) :(415, 419) (sex ratios) :(407); 2:IB0:(291); 3:IB0:(343) (re dams) :(416) (stomach contents) :(407); 2:IB0:(291); 3:IB0:(343); 4:IB0:(263) :(417) (racial identifications) (multiple use of salmon rivers) :(419); 3:IB0:(344, 345, 364) (age - at :(407, 424); 2:IBO:(291, 301, 356, 386); 3:IBO: maturity; returning; in Skeena River) (342); 6:199 (fishery - commerical B.C.; :(419); 3:IB0:(345) (size) Swiftsure Bank; Puget Sound; Skeena :(420) (general tagging programs) River; history & trends; Prince Rupert; :(421); 2:IB0:(298, 333); 3:IB0:(391) (copper sport; catch statistics) toxicity) :(408, 409, 411, 417); 2:IB0:(292, 297); 3:IB0: :(424) (life history) (343, 344, 351, 360); 4:IB0:(291, 292, :(424, 428) (dominance) 294); 6:IB0:(268) (spawning - grounds; :(425, 481); 2:IB0:(301, 335); 3:IB0:(392) populations; North Pacific populations; (heavy metal criteria) utilization of artificial channels; :(481) (re chlorinated sewage) streams) 3:xiii, 89(349, 352) (Babine Lake -production re (411) (conservation costs) salmonid enchancement & usage of (411); 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346); 4:IB0:(292) artificial spawning channels; restor (importance of streamside vegetation) ation of stock; slide) (412, 429); 2:IB0:(294, 303); 3:IB0:(339, 79(343, 345, 350, 359) (stock -size; status) 346, 357, 364) (B.C. migration of) 80 (yield) (414, 415) (problems re Moran dam) 89 (abundance; percentage of B.C. catch) (416, 420); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(354) (general 89(343, 356, 359, 360) (fishery - problems; information) general & peak season; locations for (419); 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(338, 339, 353, 354, gill net & seine; duration of seine; 355) (stomach contents) entrance into commercial; exploitation) (420); 2:IB0:(298); 3:IB0:(354) (herbivorous : 89(345, 358, 364) (Skeena River - fishery; scale zooplankton consumption; history) characteristics; escapement; tagging; (424); 2:IBO:(301) (river lamprey parasitism; distribution; sex distribution) survival of Fraser River runs) :217; 4:206; 5:174; 6:195 (in species list) (424, 428); 2:IB0:(301, 303); 3:IB0:(355,356, :IB0:(319, 358) (Lakelse Lake -tagging experiment; 357, 363) (migration - oceanographic observations) factors effecting; factors controlling; :(344) (river sampling; fecundity) downstream behaviour) :(345) (capture; sex composition) :(425, 481); 2:IB0:(301, 335); 3:IB0:(392) :(347) (cestode & nematode infection) (effects of decaying bark on incubating :(349) (regional comparisons) eggs) :(355) (underyearlings) -.(426) (re Hell's Gate) -.(363) (gillnetting effects) 71 (insects & crustaceans as food of fry) 4: 85 (frequency of occurrence) 78 (Britannia Beach residency status) 5: 75 (current abundance) 88, 90; 5:IB0:(260); 6: 72, 77, 78(260) 75; 6: 82 (historic abundance) (juvenile - habitat; duration of migration; 80, 81 (possible origin in Nanaimo River) dietary components; residency) 82 (Nanaimo River species status) : 90 (duration of adult migration) 77, 82 (Kitimat River abundance) :172 (food resources) 184. One Ooc

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Onoorhynchus sp. (cont'd.) 1:IBO:(408, 409) (lengths & ages of trawl & 2:173 (estuary usage) gill netted fish) :IB0:(328); 3:IB0:(386, 387); 5:IB0:(279) (re (416); 3:IB0:(349) (age & maturing character Kraft mill effects) istic) :(329, 332); 3:IB0:(387) (re log diving (416, 421); 2:IB0:(295, 298); 3:IB0:(249, 355] procedures) (with respect to offshore waters) 3: 91 (Prince Rupert production; net catch; (423); 2: 71, 72, 82, 87(300); 4:IB0:(295) economic value) (feeding - behavior & habitats) : 93, 94 (fishing boats) xix 87 (food, habitat) :150, 151 (capture methods; presale processing; xix 87, 88, 95 (abundance - peak period) production methods; products; waste 85 (freshwater & estuarine locations of) product usage & disposal) 87 (dynamics of) :I BO:(343) (Dixon Entrance investigation results) 94; 5: 86 (catch -statistics, locations) :(349) (offshore recoveries) 201; 3:217; 4:206; 5:174; 6:195 (in species list) :(350) (meristies) 203-204; 5: 77; 6: 80, 81, 194 (escapement data) :(351, 356) (tagging operations) 79; 4: 85; 5: 75, 86 (stock -size; habitat; :(354) (mid-water trawl catches) historic & current; supply) :(354) (distribution; movement) : 83 (yield; season of emergence) :(358) (cultural problems) 4: 91 (Cowichan, Chemainus & Koksilah River :(360); 6: 78, 193, 194 (escapement trends populations) & data) : 91(291) (distributions) :(363) (tracking objectives & processes) : 92(280, 295); 5: 78, 80 (juvenile - migration 4: 84 (production & streambed morphology) routes, rearing habitats, ecology, : 84, 85 (species utilizing tributary streams) population estimates, estuarine : 85-93 (stocks;.habitats; exploitation) usage, instaneous growth rate & :153, 154 (responses to Cowichan River water local residency periods) levels; regional logging activities) :IB0:(291, 293); 5: 79, 80 (Strait of Georgia - :IBO:(294) (run predictions) recoveries of nose tagged 1973 5:xxv (trophic relationships) Nanaimo River brood stock; tag : 69 (benthic food resource productivity & recoveries) abundance) :(293) (escapement; production) : 75(257) (Nanaimo River production) 5: 69 (re parasitism) :147 (rearing habitat studies —experimental : 78 (re Big Qualicum hatchery project) procedures; assessing substrate require 6: 78, 81 (preliminary investigations re hatchery ments; stream channelization & logging establishment) effects;behaviour under natural conditions) : 81 (conservation efforts) :IB0:(257); 6:IB0:(268); 6: 78 (hatchery :IBO:(269) (enumeration; tagging) evaluation) :(276) (re harbour expansion) Ondatra zibethica osoyoosensi (muskrat) :(279); 6:IB0:(281) (winter ecology) 1:171 (best known & adapted in Fraser delta) 6: 77(260) (species utilization; dominant :320 (food) estuarine habitat) :320; 5:110; 6:110 (habitat) : 78 (environmental dependency) :323 (as prey of mink) :109 (predation on) 2:126 (estuarine inhabitant) :170 (abundance trends) :217; 3:242; 4:223; 5:192; 6:217 (in species list) Onoorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon) 4:124 (introduction) 1:102, 105-106; 2: 90, 174; 3:IB0:(345); 4:IB0: :124; 6:110 (abundance) (280, 295); 5: 77, 78 (migration -estuarine :125 (economic importance)- habits; adult; juvenile; upstream; Mamquam Channel; olfactory preception re; seaward- O'Neal, G. timina; peak periods; abundance) 1:IBO:(477) (log storage & rafting in public :105(421, 423); 2: 90, 91(300); 3: 83; 4: 91; waters) 5: 77; 6: 80, 81 (spawning —areas; escapements to Fraser River system; O'Neill, W. grounds; regime; locations; season; 31(319) (winter freeze-up) aggregations; habitats; peak periods; 122(377) (deer noted) re spring & fall varieties; distri IBO:(302) (time & place) bution & density) :106; 3: 88; 4: 92; 5: 78; 6: 81 (fry - role in Onion (see Allium oepa) food web, migration, freshwater & estuarine residence periods, habitats, One-sided Wintergreen (see Pyrola secunda) oceanic migratory period, seaward migration strategy, emergence, size, age, diet with Onuphis (polychaete) respect to season, abundance & sampling) 3:199 (o. sp. (in species list)) :111 (parasitism of young by river lamprey at 4:192 (o. elegans; O. iridesaens (in species river mouth) list)) :121; 2: 95; 3: 90; 5: 80, 86 (fishery - resources; commercial & recreational catchs; value; Oooystis- sp. (green alga, unspecified) history; maximum substainable yield; peak; 3:220 (in species list) methods; season; Indian food; abundance) 185. Ool Ore

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Oolina Opossum 1:260 (0. apiopleura; 0. borealis; 0. melo (in American (see Didelphus marsupialis virginiana) species list)) Opuntia fragilus (prickly pear cactus) Ophelidae (polychaetes) 5:100 (habitat) 3:201; 6:189 (in species list) Orache (see Atriplex patula hastata) Ophiglossaceae (adder1s-tongue family) (see also Botrychium) Oradarea (amphipod) 6:206 (in species list) 6:191 (0. sp. (in species list)) Ophiodon elongatus (lingcod) Orange Rockfish (see Sebastes pinniger) 1: 96 (larvae in Strait of Georgia near Fraser River mouth) Orbiniidae (errant polychaete) :IB0:(416); 2:IB0:(296); 3:IB0:(350) (migration) 6:189 (in species list) 2: 88 (theoretical estuarine resident) :201; 3:217; 4:206; 3:174; 6:195 (in species list) Orchestia sp. (amphipod, unspecified) 3: 86 (captured in Butterworth-Warrior Rocks 3:207 (in species list) trawl fishery) 5:138 (habitat; location) Orohestoidea (amphipods) :138; 6: 84, 85 (abundance) 1: 85(400) (O. pugettensis on Spanish Banks & 6: 84, 85 (harvest) Point Grey beaches) : 89 (catch statistics) Orchid Ophiopholis aculeata (serpent of brittle star) green-leaved , _ , ,, . ,. \ 2: 67 (found in Howe Sound) rattlesnake (see Goodyera oblongigolia) :196; 4:201; 5:171 (in species list) large round-leaved (see Habenaria orbioulata) slender bog (see Habenaria saooata) Ophiura (serpent or brittle stars) tall white bog (see Habenaria dilatata) 1:269; 2:196; 4:201 (0. leptoctenia; 0. sarsi (in species list)) Orchidaceae (orchid family) (see also Calypso; 2: 67, 196 (0. leptoctenia & O. sarsi inhabit Howe Corallorhiza; Goodyera; Habenaria; Listera; Sound) Malaxis; Spiranthes) : 75 (o. lutkeni inhabits Sunset Marina) 6:207 (in species list) :196; 3:209; 4:201 (0. lutkeni (in species list)) 3:209 (O. maoulata (in species list)) Orcinus oroa (killer whale) 4: 73 (re biomass of O. sarsi found in substrates 1:321 (habitat; food) of Satellite Channel) :IB0:(446) (unusual group behavior) 5:IB0:(249) (Nanaimo varieties) 2:126 (theoretical estuarine inhabitant) :217; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:109 (in species Ophiuroidea (serpent or brittle stars) (see also list) Amphiodia; Amphiuridae; Axiognathus; Ophiopholis; 3:124; 5:110; 6:109 (estuarine sightings) Ophiura) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) 1:269, 271 (pluteus larvae in zooplankton; 5:110 (migration patterns; abundance) unidentified species) 6:109 (season of occurrence) 2: 69 (Axiogathus pugetana, Ophiopholis aculeatat Ophiura leptoctenia & Ophiura sarsi found Orcutt, H.G. in Howe Sound) 3:IB0:(357) (life history of the starry flounder : 165 (inhabit Sunset Marina) (Platichthys stellatus)) :196; 3:209; 4:201 (in species list) :IB0:(280) (B.C. survey) Oreamnos amerioanus (mountain goat) 2:218; 3:224 (in species list) Opisthobranchia (nudibranchs) (see Nudibranchia) 3:123 (recreational resource potential) 6:110 (habitat) Oplopanax horridus (devil's club) :111 (re hunting) 1:284; 2:207; 3:233; 6:200 (in species list) 2:111 (Ribes-Oplopanax ecosystem types) Oreamnos sp. (goats, unspecified) 3:112 (habitat of) 3:123 (abundance; habitat) :113 (floodplain vegetation) :113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone Oregon Grape (see Mahonia nervosa) vegetation) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-swordfern associations; Oregon State University western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair 1:IBO:(350) (proceedings of 1971 conference on fern association) estuaries of northwest Pacific) 6: 96, 99, 100 (forest position; species associations) Oregonia gracilis :100 (forest density) 2: 75 (inhabits Sunset Marina) :193; 4:200 (in species list) Oporornis tolmiei (MacGillivray's warbler) 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) 186. Ore Otw

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Oregonia sp. (decorator crab, unspecified) Osmaronia cerasiformis (Indian plum or Oso-berry) 3:208 (in species list) 3:233; 4:214 (in species list)

Organic matter Osmeridae (smelts) 1: 55 (content of sediments of Main Arm) 1:IB0:(416); 2:IB0:(296); 3:IB0:(350); 4:IB0:(293); 6:IB0:(268) (of B.C.) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2: 86, 175 (estuarine location of) 6:IB0:(285) (air pollution by fluoride compounds 3:xxiii (inhabit Skeena River) from primary aluminum smelting) 6: 84 (observed in estuary)

Oriole Osmerus mordax (Rainbow smelt) northern (see Icterus galbula bullockii) 3:217 (in species list)

Orloci, L. Osmorhiza ohilensis (cicely) 1:IB0:(435) (forest types of B.C. coastal western 2:111 (Lonioera-RubuSy Ribes-Oplopanax & hemlock zone) Symphorioarpos ecosystem types) :(435) (vegetational & environmental variations :208; 3:231; 6:210 (in species list) in ecosystems of above zone) :(435) (above zone on southv/estern B.C. main Osmorhiza oocidentalis (sweet cicely) land) 1:132 (on Duck, Barber & Woodward islands of 107(307) (coastal Douglas fir & western hemlock river's lower South Arm) zone distinctions) 108(307) (subdivisions of western hemlock zone) Osmorhiza purpurea (sweet cicely) 108(307) (indicator species of Pacific silver 3:113 (floodplain vegetation) fir zone) :231 (in species list) 109(307) (vegetatal zone above 3000 feet) 6: 98 (alluvial flood plain forest assocations) 109(307) (ecosystem classification re coastal western hemlock zone) Oso-berry (see Osmaronia cerasiformis) 109(307) (Squamish flood plain land type) 110, 111(307) (ecosystem types of Squamish O8teoeella septentrionalis floodplain landtype) 2:187 (in species list) IBO:(307) (coastal western hemlock zone on southwestern B.C. mainland) Ostracoda 15(311) (coastal western hemlock zone 1: 82 (excluded in Richmond sphagnum bogs) vegetation studies) :267, 269 (mention of unidentified marine & 112(368) (re coastal western hemlock zone) freshwater forms) 2:193, 198 (Ostracod sp. (in species list)) Orthasterias koehleri 3:xxii, 66 (consumed by freshwater fish) 2:195 (in species list) : 75 (consumed by Chatham Sound salmon) :207, 212; 4:188, 198 (in species list) Orthocarpus (see Orthooarpus sp.) 5:IB0:(252, 254) (re Vancouver Island) Orthocarpus sp. (orthocarpus, unspecified) Ostrea lurida (native or Olympic oyster) 4:213 (in species list) 1: 86, 88, 97 (in Boundary & Mud bays) : 98 (map showing oyster growing & fishery areas Orthocladiinae in Boundary Bay) 6:186 (in species list) 4: 77 (inhabits Ladysmith Harbour) :197 (in species list) 0rthocladiu8 nivoriundus 6:186 (in species list) O'Sullivan, A.J. 1:228(479) (marine benthic invertebrates reactions Orthotriohum lyellii to anaerobic zones) 3:225 (in species list) 2:IB0:(279, 333); 3:IB0:(391) (ecological effects of sewage discharge in the marine Osborn Bay environment) 4:IBO:(281, 288, 316) (pollution problems) (281, 316) (oceanography) Otariidae (eared seals) (288, 315) (oyster farming) 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) (316) (effluent concentrations) Otter Oscillatoria sp. (algae, unspecified) Canadian river (see Lutra canadensis) 1:146 (strands on Roberts Bank mud) :150 (in river phytoplankton, near Pattullo Bridge Otto, G.F. above delta) 1:IB0:(435) (B.C. lichens checklist) 3:102 (period of peak abundance) 4: 25, 26 (distribution in Chemainus salt marsh & Otus asio (screech owl) tidal flats) 1:305 (habitat; food; etc. ) :211 (in species list) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by area) 2:213; 3:239; 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) Oseychuk, J. 1:IB0:(450) (Boundary Bay re Pacific flyway) Otway, B. 1:IB0:(353) (B.C.W.F. newsletter) 187. Out Oys

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Outram, D.N. 1:199, 219, 227 (importance of, to aquatic life) 1:IB0:(395); 2:IB0:(281, 292); 3:IBO:(333, 334) :204, 206 (re domestic sewage treatment & (numbers of mature & immature salmon disposal) in B.C. coastal purse-seine catches) :209 (high biological oxygen demand of animal & :(417, 422); 2:IB0:(297); 3:IBO:(351, 357) poultry manures) (intensity of herring spawnings in B.C.) :214 (biological oxygen demand of sanitary :(422) (time) landfill leachates higher than that of :(422) (herring propagation & spawning success sewage) in B.C.) :227-229 (effects of, on lower river food chains) :(422); 3: 93(357) (extent of B.C. herring :329-341 (biological oxygen demand maximum level spawning) requirements re permits for effluent :(435); 3:IBO:(368) (guide to marine vegeta discharges from various sources) tion encountered during southern B.C. :IB0:(390); 2:IB0:(276); 5:IB0:(238) (Strait of herring spawn surveys) Georgia distribution) 93(299) (herring spawning season) (407, 428); 2:IB0:(303); 3:IB0:(364) (re 93(299) (spawning habitat of herring) salmon eggs) 93(300) (closed herring season) (425, 481); 2:IB0:(301, 335); 3:IB0:(393) 100(307) (deltaic vegetation) (re decaying bark) 3: 87(357) (herring population dynamics) 64 (Howe Sound deep water concentrations of) 4:IBO:(296) (fluctuations in Vancouver Island 143 (depletion re sewage discharges) herring population abundance) 147 (levels in log handling grounds; problems) 153 (depletion re pulp mill & decaying solid Outwest Magazine matter) 6:125(277) (Kitimat port capacity & customs; 155 (re benthic organisms) . facilities) :174 (concentration in water column) :IB0:(254) (re Kitimat, B.C.) :177 (in Britannia Beach) :220-223 (re estuarine effluent) Ovenbird (see Seiurus auroaapillus) :IB0:(266) (Squamish estuary stations) :xiv (low in Wainwright Basin & Porpoise Harbour Oviatt, CA. due to sulphite liquor biological oxygen 4:157(315) (ecology of small boat marinas) demand) 33 (in Cronin Creek) Ovis dalli (thinhorn sheep) 34, 35, 38 (adjacent to Watson Island, in 3:123 (potential recreational resource) Porpoise Harbour, Wainwright Basin, Chatham Sound & Ridley Island) Ovis dalli stonei (stone sheep) 75 (re amphipods) 3:224 (in species list) 159 (re fish & intertidal life) 166 (oil effects re) Ovis sp. (mountain sheep, unspecified) :IBO:(323) (Hecate Strait concentrations) 3:122 (inhabit Skeena region) :(387) (re Port Edward) 58 (distribution in Stuart Channel & Sansum Oweniidai (polychaete) Narrows) 6:189 (in species list) 66 (profiles) 105 (Quamichan Lake levels) Owl 50, 52 (spatial distributions) barn [see Tyto alba) 50, 52; 6:xxiv, 44, 56 (vertical distribution) barred (see Strix varia) IBO:(280) (Kraft mill effluent biological burrowing (see Speotyto cuniaularia) oxygen demand) great grey (see Strix nebulosa) 43, 44 (re waste oxidation) great horned (see Bubo virginianus) 44, 54(264) (renewal processes & seasonal long-eared (see Asio otus wilsonianus) concentrations in Kitimat Arm & pygmy (see Glaucidium gnoma) Minette Bay) saw-whet (see Aegolius acadicus) 53 (vertical profile) screech (see otus asio) 54 (comparisons) short-eared (see Asio flammeus) :134, 135 (concentrations; biological oxygen snowy (see Nyctea scandiaca) demand) :152 (re log handling & storage) Owls 1:306 (as prey of snowy owl) Oxyura jamaicensis (ruddy duck) 1:298 (habitat; food; ect.) Ownbey, M. :IB0:(440) (nesting sites) 1:IBO:(433) (five reports on Pacific northwest 2:116 (density &dynamics of over-wintering vascular plants) populations) :211; 4:217; 5:186 (in species list) Oxeye Daisy (see Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) Oyster Oxycoccus quadripetalus (bog cranberry) Atlantic (see Crassostrea virginica) 3:233; 6:204 (in species list) native or Olympic (see Ostrea lurida) Pacific (see Crassostrea gigas) Oxygen, dissolved; Biological oxygen demand (BOD) 1: 54-57, 59 (levels of, & biological oxygen Oyster drill (see Purpura) demand, in estuarial waters) 188. Oys Pac

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Oystercatcher 39 (biologically orientated studies) black (see Haematopus baahmani) 43 (seawater intake) 69 (estuarine importance re generation of Oysters (unspecified) renewable resource) 1: 98 (map of major beds in Fraser River estuary 69(253) (absence of parasitism in chinook & area) chum salmon fry) :IBO:(393); 2:IB0:(378); 3:IB0:(332) (bibli 69(253) (benthic food resources of young salmon) ography re) 71 (intertidal life studies) 3:xxiii (abundance) 72 (zooplankton studies) :IB0:(398) (re sulphite waste liquor) 77(259) (harpacticoid copepod consumption by 4: 70(311); 5: 70, 73, 74 (contamination -cause maturing salmon) of Crofton area; bacterial; problems) 91 (re marine macrophyte collections) : 78 (size & abundance in Shoal Island) 92(264) (Departure Bay microplankton; water : 81, 82 (culture of, culture substrates practices, characteristics analysis) procedures, production & problems) 93(263) (re source of primary production) : 82 (recreational harvesting & hazards) 96(264) (primary, heterotrophic & microalgal : 82(285, 290) (purification - natural & production rates) artifical methods) 151(285) (estuarine importance to fish & wildlife :133, 149 (Ladysmith Harbour production, problems resources) & renewed harvesting proposals) IB0:(225) (geology) :151 (bioaccumulations & alternatives) :(253) (Strait of Georgia program accom :152(288, 311) (locations of effected Pacific plishments) oysters) :(253, 275) (effect of Nanaimo Harbour :IB0:(278, 279, 284, 285, 311, 312) (zinc development on the aquatic environ content) ment & its fishery resources) :(278, 280, 284, 285, 287, 290, 311, 312, 314, :(259) (Strait of Georgia program review) 315, 316) (condition) :(278, 280, 284, 285. 287, 290, 311, 312, 314, Pacific Bluejoint (see Calamagrostis nutkanensis) 315, 316; 5: 70, 73, 74) (habitats) :(288) (spat; larvae) Pacific Brome (see Bromus paoifious) :(289) (bulletins) 5: 70, 73, 74 (abundance; economic value; recrea Pacific Clover (see Trifolium wormskjoldii) tional stocking locations & procedures) : 74 (harvest practices; commerical grades; Pacific Coastal Subalpine Forest Region (see market demand; catch value) Mountain Hemlock Zone) :141 (re Kraft mill effluent experiments) Pacific Cod (see Gadus maorocephalus) Ozere, S.V. 1:IB0:(422) (survey of legislation & treaties Pacific Crabapple (see Malus deversifolia) affecting fisheries) Pacific Dogfish (see Squalus acanthias) Ozone 1:207 (desirable as substitute for chlorination Pacific Electric Eel (see Torpeda oalifornioa) as a germicide of oxidizing agent) Pacific Environment Institute 1: 8 (source of information) Pacific Flyway (see Birds, migratory; Flyway, Pacific)

Pacific Great Eastern Railway (see also British Columbia Railway) 2:132 (1913 Howe Sound & Northern Railway Company take over by; deep sea port proposal) Pachistima (see Pachistima myrsinites) Pacific Hake (see Merluocius produotus) Pachistima myrsinites (pachistima) 4:214 (in species list) Pacific Lamprey (see Lampetra tridentatus) Pachyoerianthus (burrowing anemone) Pacific Northwest Pollution Control Council 1:261; 4:189 (P. fimbriatus (in species list)) 1:211, 213(479) (types of industries on lower 2: 75, 148 (re absence of P. fimbriatus from log Fraser River & possible toxic or booming & storage grounds) otherwise deleterious substances :187 (in species list) they release to environment) 2:145(333) (impact of log handling & storage on Pacific Albacore Tuna (see Thunnus alalunga) receiving waters) 3:IB0:(391) (report on log storage & rafting in Pacific Biological Station public waters) 5:xvii (fisheries investigations) :xviii, 14 (sedimentalogical studies) Pacific Ocean Perch (see Sebastes alutus) :xxv (invertebrate studies) : 5(224) (fill disturbance of estuary) : 19, 21, 24 (weather observations) 189. Pac Pag

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pacific Oceanographic Group 37(263) (mixing regimes in Howe Sound area) 1: 72(386) (surface water circulation in Strait of 43(266) (silt deposition) Georgia) 49(272) (salinity distribution in Howe Sound) :IB0:(386, 387) (ten additional reports on 51(272) (upwelling) oceanography of Fraser River estuary, 58(272) (turbidity & settling of suspended Steveston Cannery Basin, Strait of material) Georgia, etc.) 84(278) (delta as nursery, food resource & 48(273) (Howe Sound - a tributary inlet of protection from predators) Strait of Georgia) 84(278) (reference source) 48(274) (physical oceanographic studies re Howe 94(296) (B.C. commercial fishery) Sound productivity) 100(306) (general information on freshwater IBO:(274); 5:IBO:(244) (four reports on physical plankton) & chemical oceanographic records) 112(315) (waterfowl habitat requirements) :(274); 3:IBO:(328, 329); 5:IBO:(244) (three 114(315) (dabbling duck food preferences) reports re coastal seaways project) 128(315) (definitions - food web related terms) :(274); 5:IB0:(244) (observations on sea 141(332) (general information re pollution in water temperature, salinity & density estuary) of the Canadian Pacific Coast) :143(332) (sewage discharge re aesthetics, water : 39(328) (seawater observations) quality, biotic response & environment : 40(328) (Nass &Skeena river re salmon migration al impact) routes) :154(332) (general effects of low oxygen, high :IB0:(319) (Skeena River &estuary salinity data) suspended solids, pH & temperature :(328) (two survey data records re north changes) Pacific physics, chemistry &plankton) 178(324) (recreational potential of the delta) :(329) (north Pacific oceanographic survey 12(309) (estuarine geology & associated species) data record) 17(316) (comparison of estuarine climates) 41 (current observations) 31(318) (turbidity comparison) 58(243) (tidal currents) 43(326) (tidal flats) IBO:(243) (current vectors during different 44(326) (runoff variation) stages of Nanaimo Harbour & Departure 48(326) (salt wedge) 48(326) (Skeena River mixing regimes) Bay tides) 52(326) (river temperature) Pacific Region Force on the Lower Fraser River and 53(326) (turbidity) 79(35l) (salmon production) Strait of Georgia 8l(351) (re Fraser River sockeye migrations) 4:IBO:(308) (Task Force report on environmental 84(351) (juvenile steelhead trout) problems of the Lower Fraser & 87(351) (long-fin smelt (Spirinchus dilatus)) Strait of Georgia) 101(367) (vegetation & the ecosystem) 110(367) (rocky shore vegetation) Pacific Sanddab (see Citharichthys sordidus) 125(374) (recreation & wildlife) Pacific Sandlance (or needlefish) (see Ammodytes 129(382) (changing patterns of land usage) hexapterus) 145(390) (pollution) 184(299) (importance of regional fishery) 78(264) (deltaic biomass & productivity) Pacific Sardine (see Sardinops sagax) 79(264) (estuarine plankton) 99(264) (summary of commercial B.C. fisheries) Pacific Silver Fir (see_ Abies lasiocarpa) 107(298) (estuarine & mudflat ecology) Pacific Silver Fir-Western Hemlock Subzone 117(303) (waterfowl) 2:108 (precipitation regime; indicator species) 125(303) (recreational value of wildlife) IBO:(274) (Fraser River estuary) 128(273) (estuarine log dumping & storage) Pacific Tomcod (see Miarogadus proximus) 138(160) (observation of effluent diffuser) IBO:(234) (re Fraser River report) Pacific Willow (see Salix lasiandra) 175 (continuing research) Pacific Yew (see Taxus brevifolia) Padded Sculpin (cee Artedius fenestralis) Dap|/pp P C 5: 98(264) (biogeoclimatic subzone characteristics) Padina sp. : 99(264) (biogeoclimatic subzones of the Nanaimo 2:195 (in species list) River watershed based on climax vegetation) Paget, A.F. 1:IB0:(378) (policy of B.C. Pollution Control Board re pollution control on Fraser Packman, G.A. 1:title page ( coauthor of that report on the River below Hope) Fraser River estuary) 2: 5(249) (problems of preservation versus Pagurus aleutious development) 2:193 (in species list) : 21(257) (infiltration of saltwater wedge) : 26(263) (estuary experiences continental Panurus beringanus influences) 2:192; 4:200 (in species list) : 36(263) (humidity, evaporation regimes & other climatological parameters) 190. Pag Pal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pagurus capillatus 3:179(302) (re environmental studies) 4:200 (in species list) :IB0:(383, 391) (environmental review of proposed Prince Rupert port development) Pagurus cauiinus 4:143(308) (concerning environmental & ecological 4:200 (in species list) impact of proposed Vancouver Island pipeline) Pagurus granosomanus 5:152(285) (fisheries resources & the proposed gas 4:200; 5:170 (in species list) pipeline crossing) :IBO:(374, 375) (impact assessment of proposed Pagurus hirsutiuscuius Vancouver Island gas pipeline) 2:192; 4:200 (in species list) 6: 41(264) (ecological characteristics of Kitimat Arm re prospective estuarine develop Pagurus stevensae ments) 4:200 (in species list) 71(267) (plankton tow locations) 72(267) (Minette Bay amphipod populations) Pagurus sp. (hermit crab, unspecified) 72(267) (stomach contents of juvenile salmon) 3:208 (in species list) 72(267) (significance of Anisogammarus oonfer- vioolus to juvenile chum salmon) Pagurus tenuimanus 77(269) (re Kitimat River salmon) 2:193 (in species list) 79(269) (estuarine abundance & residence times of coho salmon) Paguridae (Hermit crabs) 79(269) (dietary components of Minette Bay coho) 68 (in Porpoise Harbour) 80(269) (size & dietary components of chum 70 (pollution tolerance) salmon collected in estuary) 71 (abundance) 80, 82, 83(269) (estuarine abundance of chinook 74 (habitats of) & pink salmon smolts, Dolly Varden, 208 (in species list) steelhead & cutthroat) 83(269) (inshore sampling methods & scheduling) Paine, J. McK. 92(272) (rockweed bed locations) 1:166(450) (great blue heron nestings in Port 95(272) (eelgrass (Ahnfeltia & Rhizoolonium) Coquitlam) habitats) 2:IBO:(318) (great blue heron (Ardea herodias) 151(264) (oxygen distribution) colonial nesting study) 174 (information source) :IB0:(262, 267, 272, 277) (environmental overview Paint Industry assessment re District of Kitimat) 1:250 (amount of solvent hydrocarbons released :(273) (biological assessment of Kitimat per year as atmospheric pollutants) River estuary)

Paintbrush Paish, H. (see also Paish & Associates Limited) unspecified (see Castilleja sp.) 1:IBO:(450) (re report on policy & action for yellow (see Castilleja unalasohoensis) hunting in B.C. lower mainland) :(451) (waterfowl populations & outdoor Paish and Associates Limited recreational opportunity on Fraser 1:213(479) (threat of oil pollution from major oil River delta foreshore) spills in Fraser River delta waters) :(467) (ecological, recreational & environ :237(450) (possible encouragement of delta mental implications of a residential agricultural land owners to raise game development on Boundary Bay) birds & provide winter feeding areas) :IB0:(350) (Boundary Bay-Mud Bay ecology) Pale Laurel (see Kalmia polifolia) :(450) (appraisal of lower B.C. mainland farmland potential for wildlife Palmer, K.T. management, hunting & recreation) 6:161(285) (assessment of fluoride content in (467) (environmental impact assessment of regional soils & vegetation) South Surrey area) :161(285) (area affected by fluoride emissions) (467); 2:IB0:(325) (appraisal of intertidal :162(285) (fluoride content of soils & selected land use within above inland sea area) plant species found in vicinity of (467); 2:IB0:(325); 4:IB0:(264) (marine park Alcan smelter) reconnaissance study of the marine environment of the Straits between Palmer, R.N. Vancouver Island & the B.C. mainland) 1:104, 105(423) (summarizations of Fraser River 48(266) (retaining dyke construction) chum salmon spawning & migration 66(287) (potential environmental impact re patterns) construction of proposed coal terminal) :121(423) (exploitation of chum salmon) 105(308) (major delta vegetation zones; map) 3:IB0:(357) (re assessment of Moricetown Falls 106(308) (sedge-rush associations) as an abstruction to salmon migration) 174(333, 334) (environmental impact assessment) :(357) (Moricetown Falls native food fishery) 176(333, 334) (Britannia Beach -alternate port :(357) (assessment of salmon migration & location) native food fishery at Moricetown 177(333, 334) (rejected alternate port location) Falls) :IBO:(251) (a preliminary assessment of the site-specific environmental impact Palmer, R.S. of a proposed bulk terminal at 1:IBO:(450) (handbook of North American birds; Britannia Beach) loons & flamingos) 191 Pan Par

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pandalopsis dispar (sidestripe shrimp) Pandion haliaetus (osprey) 2:192; 3:208; 4:199 (in species list) 1:300 (food; etc.) 3: 67 (in Chatham Sound) :300; 3:120 (habitat) : 77 (basis of shrimp fishery) 3:120 (abundance) 4: 78 (inhabit Stuart Channel) 4:122 (inhabits region) : 83 (commercial harvesting) :217; 5:186; 6:213 (in species list) 5:109 (estuarine inhabitant) Pandalus (shrimps and prawns) 1: 99-100 (fishery off Point Grey, Sturgeon Papaver sp. (poppy, unspecified) Bank & in Burrard Inlet) 1:284 (in species list) :268 (in species list) :IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(334) (post Paphia bifuroata (mollusc) embryonic development) 4:IBO:(288) (identification; habitat; discovery) :(399) (prospecting) :(405); 2:IBO:(290); 3:IB0:(341); 4:IB0:(290) Paracalanus (calanoids) (bibliography; economic importance) 1:273 (P. parvus (in species list)) 2:159, 161 (Britannia Beach inhabitants) 2:198 (p. sp. (in species list)) 5:IB0:(250) (growth; reproduction; distribution) Paralithodes oamtsohatioa (king crab) Pandalus borealis (pink shrimp) 3:IB0:(336) (B.C. occurrence of) 1:IB0:(398) (English Bay status) 2: 82 (commercially exploitable populations) Paramoera oolumbiana (gammarid amphipod) 3: 67 (in Chatham Sound) 6: 73 (habitat; dominance; species associations) : 77 (basis of shrimp fishery) :191 (in species list) :208; 4:199 (in species list) 4: 78 (inhabit Stuart Channel) Paranais litoralis (oligochaete) : 83 (harvested commercially) 6:183 (in species list)

Pandalus danae (coonstripe shrimp) Paranais sp. 77 (seek protection in west delta sunken logs) 2:188 (in species list) 192; 3:208; 4:199 (in species list) 78 (inhabit Stuart Channel) Paranemertes peregrina (ribbon worms) 83 (harvested commercially) 5:169 (in species list) Pandalus goniurus (shrimp) Paraonice (polychaetes) 2: 74 (location of; abundance) 1:263 (P. sp. (in species list)) 76 (inhabit Britannia Beach region) 77 (seek protection in west delta sunken logs) Paraonidae (tubiculous worms) 192; 3:208; 4:199 (in species list) 4: 74 (substrate preferences; habitat; abundance) 67 (in Chatham Sound) 6:189 (in species list) Pandalus hypsinotus (humpback shrimp) Paraonis gracilis (polychaete) 78 (inhabit Stuart Channel) 3:201 (in species list) 83 (harvested commercially) 199 (in species list) Parapleustes (amph ipod) 6:191 (P. sp. (in species list)) Panadalus jordani (smooth pink shrimp) 3:208; 4:199 (in species list) Parasher, CD. 4: 78 (inhabit Stuart Channel) 1:160:(365) (distribution & characterization of : 83 (harvested commercially) organo-clay complexes in selected lower Fraser River soils) Pandalus montagui tridens (shrimp) 4:199 (in species list) Parasites (see also Nematoda) 1:106 (no heavy parasitization of Salmon River Pandalus platyoeros (prawn) coho salmon smolts) 1:IB0:(399)'; 2:IB0:(283); 3:IB0:(336) (biological :107, 111 (Pacific lamprey on salmon) data) :IB0:(409); 2:IB0:(292); 3:IB0:(344) (of B.C. 67 (location of) freshwater fish) 75, 148 (deep water abundance) :(447); 2:IB0:(316); 3:IB0:(375) (of North 82 (commercially exploitable populations) American west coast sea mammals) :192; 3:208; 4:199 (in species list) 3: 67 (in Chatham Sound) Parastichopus californicus (sea cucumber) 4: 78 (inhabit Stuart Channel) 2: 75, 148 (observed in areas littered with wood 83 (harvested commercially) debris) . 74 (commercial trapping areas) :195; 3:209; 4:201 (in species list) :IB0:(256); 6:IB0:(266) (experimental trapping) Parathemisto Pandalus stenolepsis (shrimp) 2: 81 (p. sp. as food of fish) 4:199 (in species list) :199 (p. paoifica (in species list))

Pandora (bivalve) Parentucellia visoosa (a herbaceous shrub) 4:197 (p. bilirata; P. filosa; P. grandis (in 1:284 (in species list) species list)) 192. Par Par

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Parker, J.G. 1:235(471) (map of proposed recreational develop 5: 3(224) (history of Nanaimo & its environs) ment areas in delta region) :IBO:(274) (past Nanaimo scenes) Parmelia enteromorpha Parker, M.L. 3:225 (in species list) 6:160(285) (effects of fluoride on leaf tissue) :160(285) (assessing air pollution effects with Parmelia sulcata (beard lichen) respect to X-ray densitometry 1:279; 2:206 (in species list) techniques) 2:108 (common in Pacific silver fir-hemlock :161(285) (re X-ray densitometry research) hemlock subzone) :176(285) (continuing research) Parna88ia fimbriata Parker RR 6:210 (in species list) 1:IB0:(425); 2:IB0:(302); 3:IBO:(360) (model of juvenile pink salmon growth in the Parsley estuary) water (see Oenanthe sarmentose) 2: 71(287) (studies re stomach contents of major delta fish populations) Parsnip : 80-82(287) (planktonic organisms re fish COW (see Heracleum lanatum) population studies) pestle (see Lomatium nudicaule) : 86(300) (planktonic organisms re fish water (see Sium suave) population studies) 87(300) (seasonal species abundance re fish) Parophrys vetulus (lemon or English sole) 98(308) (Squamish estuary phytoplankton) 1:276; 2:201; 3:217; 4:207; 5:174 (in species list) 99(308) (occurrence of phytoplankton bloom in 2: 88 (theoretical estuarine resident) estuary) 3: 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior Rock trawl :IBO:(251) (memo to Mr. F.C Boyd re: proposed fishery) port development, Squamish, B.C.) 88 (estuarine resident) :(332) (Squamish estuary pollution; data 91 (yield) record) IBO:(327, 352) (survival factors) 5: 84(259) (diet of maturing herring) :(354) (growth)

Parker, V.J. Parsons, T.R. 1:IB0:(351) (lower B.C. mainland shores) 1: 79(387) (productivity of Strait of Georgia :(368) (problems & progress in rationalizing waters re physical & chemical resource uses of lower Fraser River characteristics) Valley) : 90(403, 479) (lona Island sewage treatment plant effluent as probable cause of Parkinson, T.E. contaminants in Fraser River mudflats) 1:186(468) (rapid transit facilities re estimated : 92(403) (meager benthos population of lona population increase in lower B.C. Island tidal flats) mainland) : 95(402, 403) (major zooplankters & zooplankton standing stock in Fraser River plume) Parkinson, W. :103(420) (food of larval & juvenile fish in 1:IBO:(380) (prototype studies of lower Fraser piume) River model) :150(436) (primary & secondary production under plume) Parks (see also Bird Sanctuary) :IB0:(385) (the Fraser River plume) 91, 179, 188 (Richmond Nature Park) :(394); 2:IB0:(274) (production levels in 179, 188 (Serpentine Fen Nature Park) Strait of Georgia pelagic environment) 179, 188 (Burnaby Lake Nature Park) :(394); 2:IB0:(279); 5:IB0:(244) (plankton, 190 (Delta Centennial) pollution & fish in Strait of Georgia) 190, 191 (suggested additional) :(394); 2:IB0:(279); 5:IB0:(253) (availability 191 (Peach Arch) of food to different trophic levels IBO:(455); 2:IB0:(321) (coastal marine) in marine food chain) :(457, 465) (lower mainland objectives) :(403); 2:IB0:(288) (dependence of zooplankton :(458); 2:IB0:(294, 302); 4:IB0:(264, 309) grazing on cell size & concentration (Strait of Georgia Underwater Park of phytoplankton blooms) proposal) :(435); 2:IB0:(308); 3:IB0:(368) (some factors :(471) (re Puget Sound) governing primary production in Strait 2:IB0:(326); 3:IB0:(384); 6:IB0:(277) (provincial of Georgia) planning) (437) (simulation study of phytoplankton & 5:131 (administration; with respect to land use) growth 1n Fraser River estuary) :132 (abundance; acreage; locations; facilities; (479); 2:IB0:(334) (pollution problems in access; classification) Strait of Georgia) :IB0:(271) (legislation; B.C.) (479); 2:IB0:(334); 3:IB0:(391) (importance & general implications of organic Parks, Canada matter in aquatic environments) 1: 98(471) (map of major invertebrate & fisheries, 2: 98(308) (Squamish estuary phytoplankton) areas, Fraser River delta region) : 99(308) (maximum carbon fixation values) :190(471) (potential beach-use areas in delta region) Par 193. Pcb

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Parsons, T.R. (cont'd) Passerella iliaoa (fox sparrow) 4: 58(280) (Stuart Channel biological productivity) 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) 5: 42(238) (productivity studies) 2:216; 3:241; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) : 47, 93, (244, 264) (Strait of Georgia productiv- ity) Passerina amoena (lazuli bunting) : 92(261, 263, 265) (Nanaimo estuary phytoplankton 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) & primary productivity 4:222 (in species list) investigations) :IBO:(231) (marine sediment decomposition Pasture (see also Agriculture; Animal (farm) observations) production) :(245) (growth & decay of phytoplankton in 1:135 (types of crops) large plastic sheres) :(245) (contribution of allachthonous bacteria Patching, D. & organic materials from a small river 1: 85, 86(403) (distribution & ecology of potential to a semi-enclosed sea) or presently exploited molluscs & :(245, 254) (seasonal variations in availability crustaceans of Boundary Bay area) of food for coastal benthos) : 99(403) (commerical & recreational crab fishery, Boundary Bay area) Partansky, A.M. 3:IBO:(386) (rate & extent of anaerobic Patellina corrugata decomposition of sulphite waste liquor 1:260 (in species list) by bacteria of seawater mud) Paterson, W. Particulate Matter as Atmosphere Pollutants 1:106(414) (adult sockeye salmon enter Fraser River 1:246-251 (industrial & other sources of, types of, chiefly through its Main Arm; migration effects of) patterns to river spawning tributaries) 2:167 (re slash burning & sawmill emmissions) :126(430) (coliform bacteria count variability in delta arms re regional resource Partlow, J.M. development) 1:IBO:(423) (distribution, age & growth of eastern Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga)) Paton, Smith and Gram Limited 1:184(468) (agricultural viability in certain Partridge sections of Delta Municipality) gray (see Perdix perdix) Patrick, K.E. Parus atrioapillus (black-capped chickadee) 1:205(478) (summary of major pollution control 1:308 (habitat; food; etc.) schemes for Greater Vancouver area 2:214; 3:240; 6:215 (in species list) sewage disposal into Fraser River delta waters) Parus gambeli (mountain chickadee) 1:308 (habitat; food; etc.) Patterson, J.H. 3:240; 6:215 (in species list) 4: 22(271) (Ladysmith Harbour geological features) 23(27l) (sediments) Parus hudsonicus (boreal chickadee) ?4(271) (Ladysmith Harbour substrate sampling 3:240 (in species list) results) 98(294) (Ladysmith Harbour spawning sites) Parus rufesoens (chestnut-backed chickadee) 107(299) (Ladysmith Harbour eelgrass beds) 1:308 (food; etc.) Ul(299) (Ladysmith Harbour salt marsh &mudflat :308; 3:121 (habitat) communities) 2:214; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) : 133(294) (re contamination of Ladysmith Harbour oysters) Passeriformes (perching birds) 1:IB0:(439); 2:IB0:(311); 3:IB0:(370, 371) (North Patton, D.R. American flycatcher, lark, swallow, 1:IBO;(450) (role of wet meadows as wildlife nuthatch, wren, thrush, kinglet, habitat) wagtail, skrike, vireo & tanager life histories) Pattullo Bridge (see also New Westminster) 2:216 (in species list) 1: 59 (high coliform bacteria, lead & zinc level 5:110; 6:108 (abundance) in river at & below) 6:108 (habitats) :150 (phytoplankon in river near)

Passer dom^sticus domesticus (house sparrow) Pautzke, C.F. 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:IB0:(423) (life history of Puget Sound steelhead 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) trout)

Passeroulus sandwichensis (savannah sparrow) Paynton, L.R. 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:IB0:(365) (characteristics of some organic soils 2:216; 3:241; 4:222; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) of lower Fraser River valley)

Passeroulus sandwichensis anthinus (Kodiak savannah PCB (see Polychlorinated biphenyls) sparrow) 3: 241 (in species list) 194. Pea Pen

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pea Pectinaria belgioa (polychaete) beach or purple beach (see Lathyrus japonicus) 3:201; 4:193; 6:189 (in species list) marsh (see Lathyrus palustris) purple (see Lathyrus nevadensis) Pectinaria granulata (polychaete) (see Pisum sativum) 3:201 (in species list) Pectinariidae (polychaetes) Peace Arch 3:201 (in species list) 1:191 (nature park) Pedioularis capitata Peachleaf Willow (see Salix lasiandra) 6:210 (in species list)

Peacock, M.A. Pedicipedid sp. (unidentified grebe) 2: 10(260) (glacial excavations responsible for 2:210 (in species list) present valley physiography) Pedlow, J. Peamouth Chub (see Myloaheilus oaurinus) 2:IBO:(334) (Kraft mill effuent & the Pacific oyster) Peanut worms (see Sipunculida) Peisidioe aspera (polychaete) Pearlwart (see Sagina maxima) 3:199; 4:192; 6:189 (in species list)

Pearse Bowden Economic Consultants Limited Pelecypoda (see Bivalvia) 1:IBO:(423) (value of B.C. fresh water sport fishing) Pellia oolumbiana 4:101(303) (economic evaluation of fresh water 3:225 (in species list) sport fishing) :IBO:(295) (value of non-resident sport fishing Pellia neesiana in B.C.) 3:225 (in species list)

Pearson, E.A. Peltigera (lichen) 1:226(378) (benthic species diversity increases from 4:112 (habitat re Douglas fir-salal-lichen head to mouth of an estuary) assocations) 2:IB0:(267,280) (estuarine water quality & biological population indices) Pemberton Valley 2:113 (important area to waterfowl) Pearson, N. 1:. 19(351 Fraser River harbour in perspective & Pengelly, G.R. development study) 3:IBO:(377) (timberland & deer in the northern IBO (468) (Project Alpha) Rockies) (468) (rape or preservation of Fraser Valley) (468); 2:IBO:(325) (Operation Open Space) Penitella penita 2:191 (in species list) Pearson, R.J. 1:IBO:(479) (lead poisoning in lower B.C. mainland Pennatulacea (sea pens and sea pansies) (see Anatinae) Leioptilus, Osteoaella, Stylatula Virgularia) Peat (see also Bogs; Sphagnum) 1: 17, 197 (depth of Lulu Island deposits, which Penny, N.E. make them unsuitable for industrial 1:IBO:(371) (fog incidence at Vancouver Inter structure foundations) national Airport) :IB0:(358, 367) (companies) :(369) (physical properties) Penpoint Gunnel (see Apodichthys flavidus) :(434) (Canadian deposits) 4: 25 (depth & distribution in Chemainus salt marsh) Penstemon davidsonii manziesii 6: 19 (depth & distribution in Kitimat vicinity) 6:210 (in species list)

Peatfield, G.R, Pentamera (sea cucumbers) 3:IBO:(312) (acid porphyry dyke study re Serb Creek 1:269; 4:201 (P. lissoplioa; P. sp. (in species intrusive) list))

Pecten sp. (scallops, unspecified) Pentaneura 1: 98 (map of major beds in Fraser River estuary 6:187 (P. carnea; P.sp. (in species list)) area) :160 (as food of diving ducks) Pentatomidae (shield stink bugs) :IB0:(398); 2:IB0:(283); 3:160:(335.); 4:IB0:(284) 1:266 (in species list) (B.C. resources) :(404); 3:IBO:(340) (deep water surveys) Pentidotea resecata (isopod) 2:191 (Pectin hericius (in species list)) 3:207 (in species list) 3:xxiii, 78 (abundance) : 67, 78 (in Chatham Sound) Pentidotea wosnosenskii (isopod) :197 (P. oaurinus (in species list)) 5:167 (in species list) 195. Per Pha

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Perch Peltrogaster (barnacle) pile (see_ Rhaooohilus vaoca) 4:198 (p. sp (in species list)) shiner (see Cymatogaster aggregata) Petroleum Industry Products (see Fuel consumption; Perdix perdix (gray partridge) Oil and petrochemicaTTndustries; Oils and 1:169-170, 301 (habitat; food; etc.) greases)

Peridinium sp. (alga, unspecified) Petrolistes eriomerus 3:219 (in species list) 4:200 (in species list)

Periphyton pH (see also Acidity; Alkalinity) 4: 78 (habitat; abundance) 1: 58, 255-257 (routine determination locations for, in river basin, re water Periwinkles (see Littorina) quality) 2: 44, 45, 46 (determination of) Perlidae (common stoneflies) :153 (re pulp mill effluent) 6:185 (in species list) :165 (re sodium chlorate effluent) 3: 33 (values for Skeena River &Cronin Creek) Perlodid Stoneflies (see Perlodidae) 6: 56 (vertical distribution)

Perlodidae (perlodid stoneflies) Phaeophyceae (brown algae) 3:205; 6:185 (in species list) 3:221 (in species list) 6: 92 (intertidal habitat; abundance; species Perisoreus canadensis (gray jay) composition) 1:308 (food;.etc.) :308; 6:108 (habitat) Phaeostrophion (intertidal algal genus) 2:214; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) 5:179 (p. irregulare; P. torreyi (in species list)) 6:108 (observed & relative abundance) Phalacrocorax auritus (double-crested cormorant) Peromyscus manioulatus austerus (white-footed or deer 1:294 (food; etc.) mouse) :294; 6:107 (habitat) 1:320 (habitat; food) 2:120 (seaonal estuarine movements) :320; 4:122; 6:109 (abundance) :120; 4:121 (nesting habitat) 2:217; 3:242; 4:223; 5:192; 6:217 (in species list) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 4:122 (feeding strategy; ecological importance) 3:120 (sightings) 5:111 (estuarine inhabitant) 4:121 (maintenance factors) 6:109 (distribution) 6:107 (seasonal abundance)

Pesti cides Phalaorocorax pelagious (pelagic cormorant) 1: 56, 200, 210(475); 2:IB0:(330); 3:IB0:(389) (as 1:294 (food; etc.) water pollutants) :294; 6:107 (habitat) :IB0:(475) (analysis) 2:120 (seasonal estuarine movements) :120; 3:120; 4:121; 5:108; 6:107 (nesting habitat) Petalina fascia (alga) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 5:179 (in species list) 3:120 (abundance) 4:121 (maintenance factors) Petasites frigida (alpine coltsfoot) 5:108 (preferred habitat; colony sizes) 3:231 (in species list) 6:107 (seasonal abundance)

Petasites frigidus palmatus (coltsfoot) Phalaorocorax penicillatus (Brandt's cormorant) 4:213 (in species list) 1:294 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:120 (sighting) Peters, N. :210; 4:216; 5:185 (in species list) 1:IBO:(365) (Pleistocene geology & geotechnical aspects of proposed Pitt River bridge Phalacrocorax sp. (cormorant, unspecified) at Coquitlam) 2:210 (in species list) 3:xxiv (recorded in estuary) Peterson, G.R. 1:IB0:(423); 2:IB0:(300) (steelhead trout sport Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) fishery analysis) 1:284; 2:208 (in species list) :(480); 2:IBO:(334) (heavy-metal content of 2:106 (distribution) some B.C. freshwater fishes) Phalarope Wilson's (see Steganopus tricolor) Peterson, K 3:IBO:(390) (assessment of Houston pulp mill effect Phalaropodidae (phalaropes & avocets) on the Morice & Bulkley river systems) 4:120 (feeding habitats)

Petrale Sole (see Eopsetta jordani) Phanerozonia (see Ceramaster; Ctenodiscus; Dermasteria8; Dipsacaster; Hippasteria; Petrochelidon pyrrhonata (cliff swallow) Luidia; Mediaster) 1:308 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:214, 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) 196. Pha Pho

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pharo, C.H. Phlnney, H.K. 1: 10(365) (geology of Fraser River delta) 1:IBO:(393) (primary production of community : 27(374) (sedimentary beds of delta-front) structure of an estuarine impoundment) 2:IBO:(260) (central &southern Strait of Georgia sediments) Phlebobranchia (see Asoidea; Chelyosoma; 3:IB0:(312, 319) (limno-geological study of Babine Corella) Lake) Phleum pratense (timothy) Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) 1:135 (in delta pasture land) 1:135 (in delta land, for market) 5:182, 183 (in species list) Phasianus oolohious (ring-necked pheasant) Phoca vitulina richardi (harbour seal; hair sea!) 1:141, 169-170, 300 (habitat; food; etc.) 1: 5 (importance to early Indians of delta) 2:212; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) 171, 323(454); 3:123(372, 378); 5:110 (habitat) 4:122 (location of; residential status) 171, 323(454); 3:IB0:(378) (food) 5:109 (inhabit Nanaimo watershed) 222 (re food chain) :112 (re hunting) IB0:(443); 2:IB0:(314); 3:IB0:(371) (B.C. status) 126 (estuarine inhabitants) Pheasant 218; 3:224; 4:224; 5:193; 6:218 (in species list) ring-necked (see Phasianus colohiaus) xxv (found upriver during eulachon migration) 123(372); 6:109 (abundance) Phemister, T.C 124, 125 (nuisance aspect, population control, 1:IBO:(365) (coast range batholith near Vancouver) harvesting, species protection, river migra tion, eulachon consumption, breeding season Phenacomys intermedius (heather vole) & pupping grounds) 2:217 (in species list) :124, 125; 5:110 (population size) :124, 125; 6:109 (distribution) Phenols :IB0:(374) (Alaskan occurrences) 1: 55, 56 (levels in estuary waters) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) :212, 213, 337 (in industrial effluents) 5:110 (residential status; behavioural patterns) 6:109 (season of occurrence) Pheru8a papillata (polychaete) 4:193 (in species list) Phooidae (true or hair seals) 3:IB0:(370) (distribution) Pherusa plumosa (polychaete) 5:193; 6:218 (in species list) 3:201 (in species list) Phocoena phoooena (harbour porpoise) Pheuctious melanooephaluB (black-headed grosbeak) 2:126 (theoretical estuarine inhabitant) 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) :217; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) 3:124 (sighted in estuary) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) Phialidium gregarium (planktonic coelenterate) 5:IB0:(249) (behaviour) Phocoenoides dalli (Dall porpoise) 2:217; 3:243; 4:224; 6:218 (in species list) Phidolopora pacifora 3:124 (sighted in estuary) 2:187 (in species list) Phoenicopteridae (flamingos) Phifer, L.D. 1:IB0:(450); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (identifi 1:IB0:(387) (seasonal variations in San Juan cation of) Channel surface waters) :(395) (plankton & properties of surface PhoHs (blennie or gunnel) waters of Puget Sound region) 1:276 (P. sp. (in species list)) :(436) (planktonic diatoms seasonal dis 4:206; 5:174 (P. laeta; P. ornata (in species list)) tribution & occurrence at Friday Harbour, Washington) Pholoe (errant polychaete) :(436) (diatom growth periodicity 1n San 6:189 (P. sp. (in species list)) Juan Archipelago waters) Pholoe minuta (polychaete) Philonotis americana 3:199; 4;192 (in species 11st) 3:225 (in species list) Phoma sp. (marine fungi, unspecified) Philonotis fontana 4:107 (abundnace; classification) 3:225 (in species list) Phormidium sp. (algae, unspecified) Philpot, F. 1:134, 146 (on Boundary Bay high tidal flats) 6:114(277) (area of Indian Reserves) 2:206 (in species list) :126(277) (re property holdings & forest resources in Kitimat area) Phoronida 4:201 (in species list) Philpot Forestry Serivce Limited 6:174 (information source) Phoronis sp. (phoronid, unspecified) 4:201 (1n species list) 197. Pho Pic

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Phosphorus Compounds Phyllostachys aurea (yellow bamboo) 1: 55, 56, 58, 59 (levels in estuarine waters) 1:284 (in species list) :149 (Fraser River re contributor or non- contributor of, to Strait of Georgia) Physa :200, 229 (phosphate as nutrient for aquatic life) 4:186 (P. blandi; P. oarltoni; P. coniformis; :210, 212 (in effluents from agricultural lands; P. gabbi; P. sp. (in species list)) from metal processing industries) :255-257 (routine determination localities in Physeter catodon (sperm whale) river basin waters, for phosphate re 3:243 (in species list) water quality) Physooarpus capitatus (ninebark) Photochemical Oxidants 3:223; 4:215 (in species list) 1:246-251 (atmospheric pollution by, principally from vehicular exhaust emissions of Physooarpus sp. (ninebrak, unspecified) hydrocarbons & nitrogen oxides) 1:161 (as food of green-winged teal)

Photography Phytomastigina (see Dinoflagellida) l:frontispiece (satellite colour photo of Fraser River estuary & contiguous water) Phytoplankton (see also Chlorophyll-a; Diatoms) : 70 (aerial, to follow Fraser River plume l:xvi (low production near Fraser River outflow, movement into Strait of Georgia) but probably higher near open sandflats) : 70 (aerial, to detect internal waves in Strait) :148-150(434) (of study area & Strait of Georgia) :IB0:(354) (price lists) :150 (photosynthesis rate, re grazing by zoo :(355) (aerial) plankton; blooms re mixing of river & 2:frontispiece (aerial photograph of Squamish River Strait of Georgia waters) estuary) :219-226; 2:129 (role in food chain) 3:frontispiece (aerial photograph of Skeena River :IBO:(395) (inhabiting Puget Sound surface waters) estuary) :(430-438) (bibliography including) 4:frontispiece (aerial photograph of Cowichan 2: xx, 99; 5:IB0:(243) (abundance - with respect River estuary) to turbidity & season) 5:frontispiece (aerial photograph of Nanaimo River : xx, 99, 100; 3:102 (primary productivity - estuary) percent of total; spatial distribution 6:frontispiece (aerial photograph of Kitimat River of; conditions affecting upper estuarine, estuary) & subsequent consequences of; dynamics; distribution; factors affecting) Photosynthesis (see also Phytoplankton) : 99 (chlorophyll a; phytoplankton volume) 1:219-221 (role in primary production in food : 99 (factors affecting) chains) :100 (seasonal succession of phytoplankton dominance) Phragmitea phragmites (tall reed grass) :129 (as primary producers & food) 1:284; 6:204 (in species list) :145 (streamside vegetation clearance re) :149 (diatom chlorophyte community) Phyasira bisecta (bivalve) :158 (re water fouling) 3:204 (in species list) :173 (re west delta importance) 3: 36, 37 (in Wainwright Basin, Porpoise Harbour, Phychomyiidae (caddisflies) Prince Rupert Harbour & Chatham Sound) 6:185 (in species list) :101 (references re) :102 (species dominance & successional dynamics Phycodrys setchellii (red alga) of spring & fall diatom, chrysophyte & 104 (pollution tolerance) blue-green algae blooms) 105 (habitats of) :166 (effects of oil spills) 222 (in species list) 4: 58, 61(311); 5: 92(245, 264) (growth -nutrient imputs affecting; re pollution; dynamics in Phyllochaetopteru8 prolifioa (polychaete) Departure Bay) 1:263; 3:201; 4:193 (in species list) : 58, 61, 106(280) (distribution - nutrient imputs affecting; coastal; seasonal bloom) Phyllodoce (polychaete) :106; 5:xxvi, 47, 48 (seasonal blooms -causes, 3:199 (P. sp. (in species list)) species succession & distribution) 4:192 (p. castanea (in species list)) :151 (responses with respect to pulp mill :192; 6:189 (P. maoulata (in species list)) effluent disposal) 6:189 (P. citrana; P. madeirensis (in species list)) 5:xxvi, 47, 48 (turbidity effects) : 48 (nuisance species & associated effects) Phyllodocidae (polychaetes) : 92(245) (re plastic sphere experiments) 3:200 (in species list) 6:152 (re log handling & storage) 5:IB0:(249) (Nanaimo species) Pica Pica (black-billed magpie) Phyllolithodes papillosus 3:239 (in species list) 2:192 (in species list) Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) Phyllospadix soouleri (surf grass) 1:289; 2:208; 3:234; 6:202 (in species list) 3:106 (estuarine vascular plants) :108 (abundnace; habitat; ecological importance) :223, 231; 5:180 (in species list) 198. Pic Pip

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) (cont'd.) Pimlott, D.H. 2:111 (Loniaera-RubuSj Ribes-Oplopanax 3:IB0:(378) (ecology & management of North Symphorioarpos ecosystem types) American moose) 3:108 (located in Skeena River estuary) :112 (coastal forest component) Pine :113 (floodplain vegetation; successional lodgepole (see Pinus oontorta) forest component) shore (see Pinus latifolia) 6: 91 (forest associations) : 91, 94, 96, 99, 100 (habitat) Pinioola enucleator (pine grosbeak) : 94, 96, 99, 100 (dominance; community 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) position) 2:215; 3:241; 4:222; 6:216 (in species list) : 96, 98, 99, 100 (relative abundance) Pink Salmon (see Onoorhynchus gorbusoha) Picea sp. (spruce, unspecified) 3:112 (habitat of) Pinnipedia (seals, sea-lions, walruses) (see Callorhinus; Eumetopias; Phooa; Zalophus) Pickard, G.L. 1:IB0:(378) (status) 1:IB0:(387); 2:IB0:(274) (Strait of Georgia surface :(45l); 2:IB0:(319); 3:IB0:(378) (infor & bottom currents) mation re) -.(387); 2:IBO:(274) (turbidity observations 3:244; 4:244; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) in B.C. inlets) :IBO:(370) (history) :(387); 2:IB0:(274); 3:IB0:(329) (B.C. physical oceanography) Pinnotheres pugettensis (decapod) 2: 48(274) (Howe Sound studies) 4:200 (in species list) : 49(274) (salinity distribution) :IB0:(274) (B.C. inlets re physical features) Pinnularia sp. (diatom, unspecified) 3:IBO:(329); 4: 40(244) (seasonal temperature & 1:146 (forming layer over mud of Sturgeon Banks] salinity variation in coastal B.C. surface waters) Pintail (see Anas aouta) 6: 40(264) (re Kitimat Arm & estuary hydrographic & oceanographic information) Pinus oontorta (lodgepole pine) ;108 (common in Arbutus subzone) Pickleweed (see Salicornia pacifioa) :208; 6:202 (in species list) :108 (located in Skeena River estuary) Picoides arcticus (black-beaked three-toed woodpecker) ;109 (as bog & transition zone flora) 3:239; 6:215 (in species list) :115 (muskeg vegetation) :112 (re tree layer associations) Piel., K.M. 16 (soil requirements) 3:IBO:(312) (palynology of some Late Cretaceous 99, 101 (habitat; abundance; location; & Early Tertiary deposits in B.C. community positions; zonal dominance) & Alberta) Pinus latifolia (shore pine) Pi geon 143 (in bogs) band-tailed (see Columba fasciata) 108 (common in Arbutus subzone) 208; 3:234 (in species list) Pi gweed red root (see Amaranthus retroflexus) Pinus montioola (western white pine) 2:108 (common in Arbutus subzone) Pike, G.C :208; 3:234 (in species list) 1:IB0:(450); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (B.C. 4:112 (re Douglas fir-swordfern associations) coast whaling) 6: 91 (habitat; forest associations) :(450); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (guide to whales, porpoises & dolphins Pinus sp. (pine unspecified) of B.C., Alaska & Canadian Arctic] 3:112 (habitats of) :(450); 3:IB0:(377) (B.C. northern sea lion) Pipe-cleaner Moss :(451); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (B.C. 2:108 (common in Pacific silver fir-western whales & dolphins) hemlock subzone) :(451); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(377) (B.C. :206 (in species list) marine mammals) 3:IB0:(377) (migration & feeding of the gray Pipefish whale (E8chrichtiu8 gibbosus)) bay (see Syngnathus griseolineatus) Pilargis berkeleyae (polychaete) Pipilo erythrophthalmu8 (rufous-sided towhee) 3:200 (in species list) 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:215; 4:222; 5:191 (in species list) Pilchard (see Sardinops sagax) Pipit Pile Perch (see Damalichthys vacca) water (see Anthus spinoletta)

Pilophoron hallii Pipsissewa (see Chimaphila menziesii) 3:225 (in species list) Pir 199. PIa

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Piranga ludoviciana (western tanager) Plagiotheciaceae (moss family)(see also Plagiotheaium) 1:314 (habitat; food; etc.) 6:207 (in species list) 2:215; 3:241; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Plagiotheaivan dentiaulatum Pisaster (starfish) 3:225 (in species list) 1: 88 (P. oohraceous (purple or ochre starfish) on Boundary Bay mud flats) Plagiotheaium elegans 74, 148 (P. brevispinus habitat) 3:225 (in species list) 75 (unsuitable habitat re) 75, 76 (P. ochraaeoue inhabits Sunset Marina, Plagiotheaium silesiacum Britannia Beach region) 3:225 (in species list) :195 (in species list) 3:209; 4:202; 5:168, 170 (P. oohraceous (in species Plagiotheaium undulatum (moss) list)) 3:225; 6:207 (in species list) 4: 76 (P. oohraceous abundance in Stuart Channel) 6:100 (abundance; species associations) :202 (p. brevispinus (in species list)) :101 (community position) 5: 71 (ecological importance; intertidal habitat Of P. oohraceous) Planaria sp. Pisces 4:185 (in species list) 2:200 (unidentified eggs & larvae (in species list)] Planatus subhirtella (spring cherry) 3:212 (larvae (in species list)) 1:289 (in species list)

Pisoicola salmositica (salmon leech) Planatus subhirtella autumnalis (autumn cherry) 1:IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(334) (biology; 1:289 (in species list) distribution; ecology; classification) Plankton [see Diatoms; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton) Piscidium (bivalve) 3:209 (P. sp. (in species list)) Planning Institute of British Columbia 4:186 (p. variable (in species list)) 1:IBO:(468) (report of conference on the public & the waterfront) Pista (polychaetes) 1:263; 4:192 (p. cristata (in species list)) Planocera sp. (terbellarian, unspecified) 3:201 (P. sp. (in species list)) 4:190 (in species list) 4: 73 (biomass of P. cristata found in substrates of Cowichan Bay, Satellite Channel) Planorbis (gastropod) :192 (P. fasciata; P. moorei (in species list)) 3:203 (P. sp. (in species list)) 4:185 (p. hornii (in species list)) Pisum sativum (pea) 1:135 (in delta land, for market) Planoplea (amphipod) Pitar (bivalve) 6:191 (p. sp. (in species list)) 4:197 (P. sp. (in species list)) Plantaginaceae (plantain family) (see also Plantago) Pitt Meadows 6:207 (in species list) 1:197 (possible improved deep channel access to shoreline by dredging) Plantago lanceolata (narrow-leaved plantain, rib :217 (unlikelihood of allowance for flats, use as grass or English plantain) landfill sites) 1:131 (in woodland) :328 (raptor birds, 1970 census) 4:213; 5:180, 182, 183; 6:207 (in species list) :340 (permit application for domestic effluents 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) discharger: amount, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, possible Plantago macrooarpa (large-fruited plantain) chlorine residuals) 3:231 (in species list) :IBO:(487) (Pitt Lake map) Plantago major (broad-leaved or common plantain) Pitt River 1:284; 6:207 (in species list) 1:114 (starry flounder ventures as far as) :193 (estuary waterfront management) Plantago maritima (seaside plantain) :205 (sewerage outfall) 1:284; 2:208; 3:231; 5:180, 182; 6:207 (in species :254 (sediment load &types at, near Port list) Coquitlam) 3:114 (salt resistance; habitat) :IBO:(359, 362) (bridge foundations) :(365) (Pleistocene geology) Plantago sp. (plantain, unspecified) Pituophis aatenifer (Pacific gopher snake) 1:134 (in Boundary & Mud bays saltmarsh) 4:225 (in species list) 4:213 (in species list) Plafker, G. Plantain 3:IBO:(312) (effect of March 27, 1964 earthquake broad-leaved or common (see Plantago major) on various communities) English or narrow-leaved (see Plantago lanceolata) seaside (see Plantago maritima) Plagioahila asplenioides unspecified (see Plantago sp.) 3:225 (in species list) water (see Alisma plantago-aqua- tica; Sagittaria cuneata) 200. PI a Plu

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Plants, aquatic (see also Algae; Bog community; Plectrophenax nivalis (snow bunting) Bogs; Diatoms; Flora; Macrophyta; Marshes; 1:317 (habitat; food; etc.) Phytoplankton; Serpentine Fen; also names of types 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) and species) 1:290-291 (diatoms) Pleistocene Period 291-292 (species list of marcophytes & algae) 1:IB0:(359); 4:IB0:(266); 5:IB0:(225) (chronology) 293-317 as food of birds) (359); 4:IB0:(268) (geology) 319-323 (as food of mammals) (362) (sea level oscillations) IBO:(430-438) (bibliography including) (368); 2:1B0:(262) (marine fauna ecology) 2:IBO:(255) (interglacial deposits) Plants, herbaceous (including grasses, weeds, 3:IBO:(308) (significance in Bear River delta) intertidal & aquatics) (see also Flora; 4: 18 (ice centers —movements & direction Vegetation; names of species) indi cators) 1:280-287 (species list) : 19 (depth of ice cover) :IBO:(430-438) (bibliography including) :IBO:(266); 5:IBO:(225) (stratigraphy) :(433) (Cypress Bowl associations) 6:I60:(258) (palaeoecology) 2:104, 106 (grasses) 3:IB0:(365) (re soils) PIetcher, F.T. 1:111(423) (Pacific lamprey biology in Fraser & Platiohthys stellatus (starry flounder) other B.C. rivers) 1:113, 114 (migrates from sea up Fraser River system as far as Pitt & Salmon Rivers) Plethodon vehioulum (western red-backed salamander) :115 (use of estuary zone for migration salinity 1:325 (habitat; food) transition) 2:219; 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) 116 (habitat preference in Boundary Bay) 116 (as food of heron) Pleurobraohia (see also Ctenophora) 85, 86, 88, 175 (estuarine locations in 3:211 (P. baohei (1n species list)) which found) 87 (food of) Pleurobranohia pileus (planktonic coelenterate) :202; 3:217; 4:206; 5:174; 6:195 (in species list) 4:190 (in species list) 86 (caught in Butterworth-Warrior Rocks trawl 5:IB0:(249) (behaviour) fishery) : 88 (estuarine resident) Pleurobraohia sp. :IBO:(357) (life history) 2:197 (in species list)

Platyhelminthes (see also Turbellaria) Pleuronectidae 1:262 (marine & unidentified forms (in species 2: 85 (estuarine residents) list)) 6: 84, 87 (estuarine abundance & harvest) 3: 69 (of Ridley Island red liquor discharge cove) :195 (in species list) :198; 4:185, 190; 5:166 (in species list) Pleuroniohtys coenosus (C-0 sole) Platynereis 3:217; 4:208 (in species list) 1:262; 4:192 (P. dumerilli (in species list)) 4: 97 (juvenile habitat) 4:192 (P. sp. (in species list)) Pleuronichthys decurrens (curlfin sole) Plecoptera (stoneflies) 3:217 (in species list) 1: 83 (larvae in river at Mission) : 92 (role in Shady Island ecosystem) Pleuro8igma sp. (diatoms, unspecified) :113 (nymphs as food of white sturgeon) 1:291; 2:205, 206 (in species list) :IBO:(405) (records; descriptions) 2: 71, 72 (larvae & adults as food of salmon fry Pleuroxus denticulatus (branchiopod) & sculpins) 4:187 (in species list) 72 (as flounder & chinook salmon food resources) 194, 200 (unidentified species (in species list)) Pleurozium sp. (moss, unspecified) xxii (nymphs noted in drainage system benthos) 6:100 (abundance) 65 (in Babine & Morrison lakes) :203 (in species list) 65 (as food of salmon fry) 65 (pollution tolerance) Ploe8oma trunoatum (rotifer) 66 (found in Stumaun Creek) 4: 73 (inhabitat Lake Cowichan) 205; 4:187; 6:184, 190 (in species list) :185 (in species list) 68 (habitat; re trout diet) Plover Plecotus townsendi (Townsend's big-eared bat) (see American (see Pluvialis dominica) Corynorhinus townsendi) black-bellied (see Pluvialis squatorola) semipalmated (see Charadrius semipalmatus) Plectobranchus evides (two spotted prickleback) 4:208 (in species list) Plum (see Prunus domestica) :I60:(291) (B.C. occurrence of) Plume (Fraser River into Strait of Georgia) Plectris oongesta (rosy pink) 1: 14, 53-54 (river silt & clay deposition from) 4:213 (in species list) : 63 (cause of) : 70 (aerial photography of, to trace silty water movement into Strait) : 95, 96(402) (larval & juvenile fish in) 201. Poj Plu

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Plume (Fraser River into Strait of Georgia) (cont'd. Podicipedidae (grebes) 1:160 (403, 436) (secondary production) 1:IB0:(448); 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376) (B.C. status) (420) (larval & juvenile fish food items] 3:xxiv (record in estuary area) (436); 4:IB0:(280) (primary production) 5:108 (seasonal estuarine movements) :108; 6:107 (seasonal abundance) Plumularia (hydrozoan) 6:107 (habitat) 5:169 (p. sp. (in species list)) Podilymbus podioeps (pied-billed grebe) Pluvialis dominica (American golden plover) 1:293 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:301 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:118; 6:107 (sightings estuarine) 2:237; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) :210; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of) 5:108 (abundance; over-wintering habitats) Pluvialis squatorola (black-bellied plover) Pododesmu8 macroschisma (rock oyster) 1:302 (habitat; food; etc.) 75 (colonization) 2:121 (estuarine sightings) 76 (subtidal substitute) :212; 3:236; 4:128; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) 160, 161 (inhabits Britannia mine vicinity) 6:105 (estuarine occurrence) 191; 4:197 (in species list)

Poa annua (annual bluegrass) Podon sp. 1:285; 3:231 (in species list) 76 (planktonic component) 211 (in species list) Poa oompressa (Canada bluegrass) 72 (as salmonid food resource) 1:141 (along Westham Island roadsides) 79 (juvenile coho & chum consumption of)

Poa howelli (meadow grass) Pogonatum alpinum 1:285 (in species list) 3:225 (in species list)

Poa pratensis (bluegrass) Pogonatum contortion 1:285 (in species list) 3:225 (in species list) Poa sp. (blue or lawn grass, unspecified) Point Grey (see also Spanish Banks) 1:133 (for lawns of delta urban centres) l:xvii (coliform bacteria pollution re closure 3:114 (grass-forb meadow components, headland of shellfishing zones off) flora) : 24 (cliff erosion as supply of sediment to :231; 4:212; 5:182 (in species list) Spanish Banks) : 72, 73, 204 (movement of North Arm river water Poacher past) Sturgeon (see Agonus aoipenserinus) : 85 ((Orchestoides) amphipod on beach at tip of) :100 (shrimp fishery off) Pocock, J.A.J. :115, 237 (shallows as nursery ground for 4:IBO:(359) (Cretaceous geology of Vancouver) flatfishes) :123 (commercial surf smelt fishery) Pocock, S.A.J. :127 (nature of sedimentary deposits re flora) 1:IBO:(359) (Cretaceous geology of Vancouver) 166 (great blue heron nest census at University of British Columbia Endowment Lands) Podarke pugettensis (errant polychaete) :196 (booming grounds) 4:192 (in species list) :233, 236, 237 (foreshore, a vital biological area) Podioeps auritus (horned grebe) :IB0:(356) (soil mechanics) 1:293 (habitat; food; etc.) :(358, 466) (cliff erosion) 2:118 (numbers; estuarine movements) :(361) (palynological study) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) :(367) (erosion control) 3:120; 4:121 (nesting habitat; over-wintering :(455) (development plan) locations) 5:108 (over-winters in estuary) Point Roberts [see also Roberts Bank; Tsawwassen) 6:107 (estuarine sightings) 1: 11, 12, 128 (geology; peninsula was originally an island) Podioeps grisegena (red-necked grebe) : 14 (cliff erosion source of sediments) 1:293 (habitat; food; etc.) :107 (wind effect re high sockeye salmon catches 2:118; 6:107 (sightings -estuarine) in area) :210; 3:236; 4:216; 5:185; 6:212 (in species list) :123 (commercial surf smelt fishery) 3:120 (nesting habitat) :170 (a few California quail reported) :120; 5:108 (over-wintering sites) :189 (suggested development of recreational parkways) Podioeps grisegena holbolli (Holboell's grebe) :IB0:(360) (Pleistocene stratigraphy) 2:210 (in species list) :(365) (diamictons)

Podicep8 nigricolli8 or caspious (eared grebe) Pojar, J. 1:293 (habitat; food; etc.) 4:143(308) (re ecological reserve development 2:210; 4:216; 5:185 (in species list) of Chemainus River estuary) 5:108 (abundance;over-wintering sites) 202. Pol Pol

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Polinice8 (gastropod) 5:149 (chloride & sulphate corrosion levels & 4:195 (P. sp. (in species list)) comparisons) :150 (background levels in Harmac pulp mill Polinioe8 lewisii (moon snail, gastropod) vicinity) 1: 88, 264 (in Boundary Bay) 6: 31, 32 (contributory factors; surface based 2:189; 4:195; 5:169 (in species list) inversions re meteorological origins; seasonal & diurnal frequencies of) Polinice8 pallida (gastropod) : 32 (re precipitation effects) 3:203 (in species list) : 32 (potential & supporting rationale) :154 (regulation) Pollock :155, 156, 157(282) (ambient air quality wal1 eye (see Theragra chaloogrammus] monitoring program — summary; schedule; sampling sites; parameters monitored; Polluted! Pollution Advisory Service Limited analysis) 1:IBO:(351) (effects on aquatic environment re :229-235 (re vegetation) Vancouver Airport expansion) :286 (re proposed steel mill)

Pollution, atmospheric (see also Photochemical Pollution Control Act; Pollution Control Branch oxidants) 1:201 (governing discharge of effluents into l:xix (need for further study in delta system) water) : 44, 246 (smoke) :201, 329-341 (permits for various types of : 45-48 (potentials episodes, particularly discharges) re winds, on estuary) : 47 (coal dust at Roberts Bank Superport) Pollution Control Branch :246; 3:170 (types of industries & their 2:IB0:(334) (application for permit) emissions,contribution to) :(334) (Squamish-Lillooet Regional :246-251 (appendices) District permit) :247; 3:170 (types & amount per year of chemical :(334) (Britannia Beach application for emissions from domestic fuel con permit to discharge sewage into sumption & motor vehicle exhausts) Howe Sound) :248 (types & amounts per year of chemical :(334) (two District of Squamish permits) emissions from oil refineries) :(334, 335) (Squamish Chemicals Limited - 249 (types & amounts per year of chemical permits to discharge air contaminants emissions from aircraft) & effluents) :249 (types of particulate & gaseous emissions :(334, 335) (application & permit for from metallurgical plants; amounts per Construction Aggregates Limited to year of solvent hydrocarbon emission from discharge effluent into Howe Sound) dry cleaning & paint industries) 3:148(392) (analysis of sewage waste in Prince :251 (types of miscellaneous services & small Rupert Harbour) industries contributing to) 6:176 (continuing research) :251 (various chemical air pollutant emissions re damage to property & flora; eye irritation; Pollution, from chemical products (see also names of effects on atmosphere; health danger; odour) chemical elements and certain chemical compounds, IBO:(372) (with respect to meteorology) e.g. Acids; Metal compounds; Metal ions; Pesti :(372) (bibliography re air quality) cides; Phenols; Polychlorinated biphenyls; also 166; 3:268-274; 4:157, 158, 238-242; 5:147; Forestry products industry; Industry; Metal 6:229-235 (sources) processing industry; Pulp and Paper industry; 171 (potential & dissipation in Skeena River Oil and petroleum industries; also other pollution estuary) headings; Effluents; Sewage; Toxicants; etc.) 171 (types of particulate & gaseous emission 1:200-201, 209-213, 246-251 (types of industries, from sawmill burner) chemicals & wastes contributing 171 (grain elevator dust emissions & control to toxic pollutions) measures) :334, 335, 337 (permits re industry effluents & :172 (re mining industry) their treatment modifications 41, 42 (Chemainus estuary potential) at Squamish) :157, 158 (emission types; nature of problems :IB0:(476); 2:IB0:(331); 3:IB0:(389) (effects & pollutant concentration) on estuaries) :158; 5:150; 6:225 (pollution control permits; 2:164, 165 (effects of chlor-alkali discharges) Acts; enforcing agencies; federal & :IB0:(331) (waste treatment modifications at provincial controlling legislation re) Squamish) 30 (climatological features influencing 3:164 (chemical company products, markets & dispersion of airborne pollutants) environmental effects) 147, 148 (emission permits & products; :250 (discharger's Pollution Control Board environmental impact studies & results) identification numbers, locations, amounts, 148 (background dustfall levels; extent, effluent quality & comments with respect concentration, composition & factors, to river & estuarine pollution sources) effecting dustfall levels) 4:IB0:(311) (borate pollution) 148 (percent dustfall versus percent suspended 5:144 (location; contaminant identification; material re chloride emissions) discharge volume; establishment & 149 (suspended particulates - permissible facilities; environmental accidents — concentration; seasonal & locational variations; controlling agencies) 203. Pol Pol

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pollution, from chemical products (cont'd) also names of chemical elements and 5:144 (chronology, toxic substances & results; products) current waste disposal processes & 1:200-201 (types of) effectiveness) :IB0:(425); 2:IB0:(301) (with respect to Kraft pulp bleach plant waste) Pollution, general (see also following Pollution headings; names of chemical elements and Pollution, water (see also Bacteria; Effluents; certain inorganic and organic compounds; Leachates; Sewage; Toxicants; Waste also allied topic headings, e.g. Bacteria; disposal; Water quality; also other Effluents; Industry; Toxicants; Sewage; Pollution headings; names of Waste disposal; Water quality) chemical elements and certain l:xix (need for further study of air & water in organic compounds) delta system) xix (need for further study in delta system) : 83, 200, 208, 209, (483) (invertebrates as 47 (coal dust at Roberts Bank Superport) sensitive or insensitive indicators of) 90 (heavy-metal & polychlorinated biphenyls in :109 (water quality effects on young sockeye microfauna of Roberts & Sturgeon banks) salmon migrating down river) 109 (water quality effects on young sockeye :119-201 (general discussion) salmon migrating down river) :201, 329-341 (Pollution Control Act governing 199-200; 3:IBO:(395) (effects on aquatic biota) discharge of; locations of industries 201, 329-341 (Pollution Control Branch permits applying for permits to discharge effluents for discharge of effluents into into lower river; nature & amount of estuary waters) effluents; maximum allowed biological oxygen 228 (from marinas) demand & total suspended solids) 239, 241; 2:180; 3:189; 4:167, 168; 6:176 (on 202-209 (domestic organic waste disposal) going studies) 209-211 (agricultural wastes) 255-257 (monitoring stations & chemicals 211-213 (other pollution problems) monitored in river system) 213-218 (solid waste disposal) 329-341; 2:220-223; 3:245-274; 4:232-244; 5:203- 239, 241; 2:180; 3:189; 4:167, 168; 6:176 (on 206; 6:226-236 (appendices) going research projects) :IB0:(375); 2:IB0:(267) (research) IBO:(412-484); 2:IB0:(328-338); 3:IBO:(386-396); (376-379) (bibliography re water quality) 4:IB0:(311-317); 5:IBO:(279-283); 6:IB0: (459) (re sawmills) (280-287) (bibliography) (472-484) (bibliography re waste disposal) 141, 143; 5:136-139; 6:136, 137 (sewage) (474) (monitoring re carbon-14 & 144-150; 5:142-144 (logging, log handling &log phosphorus-32 techniques) storage) :(478); 2:IB0:(332); 3:IB0:(390) (practical 150-156; 5:139-142 (pulp mills) problems) 156-161 (mining) 48 (monitoring Howe Sound industrial pollution) 161, 162 (sand & gravel operations) 64 (potential accumulation problems associated 162-165; 5:144 (chemical industry) with water renewal rate) 165; 5:146 (recreational wastes) 104 (re algal abundance) 166 169; 5:147-150; 6:154-164 (air pollution) 141; 3:145; 4:145; 5:203-205; 6:133, 226-228 173 (re industrial port expansion) (sources) 220-223; 3:245-274; 4:232-244; 5:203-206; 6:226- IBO:(249) (re flushing in tidal estuaries) 236 (appendices) 146 (locations & types of effluent discharges to 240-242; 3:290-292; 4:259-260 (glossary) the Skeena estuary) IB0:(248) (control in Squamishj 153 (conditions & extent of; in fish processing :(330) (re sulphite waste effects) plant outfall areas) :(338) (re marine organism physiology) 162, 163 (extent & location of; algal & 4 (studies in vicinity of Crofton pulp mill) invertebrate species tolerance, 156 (shipping wastes) abundances, diversity & distribution IBO:(315) (control programs) in red liquor affected areas) 134-146; 6:132-153 (water pollution) 165 (potential - re marinas) 144, 145 (shipping) 165 (shipping wastes) 145, 146 (re cement operations) 166 (re bulk loading & oil transport) 146, 147 (re stream channelization effects) 245-274 (sources in river & estuary) IBO:(280, 283) (permit applications) 255-258 (sources upstream) IB0:(330, 394) (re pulp mill waste disposal) Pollution, heat :(331) (re sediments) 2:143 (re sewage discharge) :(395) (with respect to marine environment) :145 (in streams; re removal of surrounding forest 4: 68; 5:134-136; 6:132, 233-224 (factors cover) influencing control of; control :145 (may be lethal or sub-lethal to fish eggs & legislation, agencies & procedures; adults, stream benthos & phytoplankton) federal & provincial legislation) :162 (re chlor-alkali effluent discharges) : 70 (factors influencing estuarine concentrations :165 (re sodium chlorate plant effluent discharges) & distributions of Crofton pulp mill effluent) Pollution, land (see Effluents; Land use; Landfill; 145 (classification, inventories) Sewage; Waste disposal) 149 (faecal pollution) IBO:(280) (bifurcated plume concept as applied Pollution, toxic (also see other Pollution headings; to coastal) also Effluents; Industry; Toxicants; :(281, 317) (B.C.) Waste disposal; Water quality; 136-139 (re sewage disposal) 204. Pol Pol

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pollution, water (cont'd) Polydora (polychaete) 5:139-142 (re pulp mills) 1:263 (P. kempi japonioa; P. ligni (in species list)) :142-144 (re logging, log handling & storage) 3:201 (p. eooialis (in species list)) :144 (re chemical industry) :144, 145 (re shipping) Polygonaceae (knotweed family) (see also Polygonum; :145, 146 (re cement operations) Rumex) :146 (recreational wastes) 6:207 (in species list) 6:132 (information sources) Polygonum amphibium (knotweed or water persicaria) Polyartha trigla (rotifer) 1:285; 5:182 (in species list) 4: 73 (inhabit Lake Cowichan) :185 (in species list) Polygonum aviculare (doorweed; knotweed) 1:285; 6:207 (in species list) Polychaeta (see also species list reference hereunder; Sedentaria) Polygonum convolvulus (bindweed) 1: 84 (in benthos near Steveston fish processing 1:285; 6:207 (in species list) plants) : 88 (in Boundary Bay area) Polygonum ouspidatum (knotweed) : 89 (burrowing, off main arm of river) 1:284 (in species list) : 93 (large standing stock in subtidal waters off estuary) Polygonum lapathifolium (dock-leaved persicaria) : 96 (larvae on Sturgeon Bank) 6:207 (in species list) :115 (as food of spiny dogfish at Fraser River mouth) Polygonum persicaria (lady's thumb) :164, 301-302 (as food of birds) 1:161 (as food of pintail) :225 (effects of temperature in situ) 6:207 (in species list) :228 (reaction to anaerobic conditions) :231 (sabellid, in sandy bottoms such as Sturgeon Polygonum punctatum (dotted smartweed; water Bank) smartweed) :262-263, 271; 2:188, 197; 3:198, 211; 4:190; 141 (on Westham Island &in Ladner marsh area) 6:188 (in species list) 160 (as food of diving ducks) :271 (planktonic trochophore larvae & 161 (as food of mallard &green-winged teal) unidentified species) :IBO:(392, 399) (re pollution ecology) Polygonum sp. (weeds, unspecified) :(396); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(333) (checklists; 1:160 (as food of diving ducks) qlassification modifications) :(397); 2:IB0:(282); 3:IB0:(334); 5:IB0:(250) Polymorphina kincaidi (Canadian arctic forms) 1:260 (in species list) 2:xix; 5: 70 (estuarine habitat of) : 78 (pelagic & Mamquam Channel forms) Polyneura latissima, (red alga) 3:xxii (in estuary) 3:222 (in species' list) : 68 (Eunoe nodosa noted in Porpoise Harbour) : 69, 71 (locations of) Polynoidae (errant polychaete) : 75 (consumed by Chatham Sound salmon) 1:263; 3:200; 6:189 (in species : 76 (re plankton) list) 4:xxi (distribution &substrate preference) : 73, 74, 76, 78 (found in Cowichan Bay, Polyorchis penicillata (hydrozoan) Chemainus estuary, Satellite & 4:189 (in species list) Stuart Channel substrates; shore habitats) Polypedilum penicillata (hydrozoan) :IBO:(284) (errant benthic species) 6:186 (P. fallax; P. sordens; P. sp. (in species 6: 71, 73 (Kitimat Arm abundance, diversity & list)) habitat) Polyphermus pedioulus (brachiopod) Polyoheria (amphipod) 3:212; 4:187 (in species list) 6:191 (P. sp. (in species list)) Polypiacophora (chitons) (see Cryptochiton; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (see also Phenols) Ischnochiton; Mopalia; Tonicella) 1: 56 (sparse contributor to pollution of estuary waters) Polypodiaceae (polypody fern family) (see al8o : 90 (levels in Sturgeon Bank crabs higher than Adiantum; Asplenium; Athyrium; in crabs from Kitimat Arm) Bleohnum; Cryptogramma; Dryopteris; 6:136 (re Kitimat Arm crabs) Gymnocarpium; Matteuoia; Polystichum; :IB0:(283) (environmental contamination) Pteridium) Polychlorinated polyhenols (PCP) Polypodium glycyrrhiza (licorice fern) 2:154 (toxic components in bleached Kraft mill 3:112 (exposed coastal forest component) effluent) :231 (in species list) Polycirrus (polychaete) Polypodium scouleri (leathery polypody) 3:201 (P. sp. (in species list)) 3:231; 4:211, 213 (in species list) 4:193 (p. kerguelensis (in species list)) Pol 205. Pop

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Polypodium vulgare oooidentale (common polypody or 5: 96(264) (macrophytic biomass comparisons re licorice fern) Nanaimo & Squamish River estuaries) 3:231 (in species list) 6: 41(264) (estuarine systems comparison of ecological characteristics) Polypody (see Polypody sp.) : 63(241) (stability of & factors acting on intertidal substrates) Polypody sp. (polypody, unspecified) : 73(267) (re estuarine gammarid amphipod studies) 5:184 (in species list) Pomoxis nigromaculatus (black crappie or calico bass) Polyprichaceae (moss family) (see also Atriohum; 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem) Polytrichum) :122 (sport fishery in tributaries) 6:208 (in species list) Pond, S. Polysiphonia hendryi (red alga) 1:IBO:(351) (Fraser River Estuary Working Group 3:222 (in species list) submission) 2: 48(274) (drogues used in oceanographic surface Polysiphonia mollis (red alga) studies) 5:179 (in species list) : 52(274, 275) (drogue mechanics) : 53(274) (Squamish River seaward flow at two Polysiphonia paoifica (red alga) meters depth) 3:222 (in species list) : 59(274) (winds effect runoff induced currents) : 65(274) (factors effecting Howe Sound surface Polysiphonia sp. (red alga, unspecified) circulation) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) 5:145(282) (re bilge pumping problems & solutions) :222 (in species list) Pondweed Polysiphonia uroeolata (red alga) floating (see Potamogen natans) 3:222 (in species list) sago (see Potamogen peotinatus) small (see Potamogeton pusillus) Polystichum andersonii (Anderson's holly fern) unspecified (see Potamogeton sp.) 2:111 (Ribes-Oplopanax ecosystem type) (see Potamogeton amplifolius) :207; 3:231; 6:208 (in species list) [see Potamogeton berohtoldii) (see Potamogeton epihydrus nuttali) Polystichum munition (sword fern) (see Potamogeton filiformis) 1:279; 2:207; 3:231; 4:211, 213; 5:182, 184; 6:208 (see Potamogeton nodosus) (in species list) (see Potamogeton riohardsonii) 2:111 (Ribes-Oplopanax &Sjmphoricarpos ecosystem (see Potamogeton robbinsii) types) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-sword fern & western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair fern associa Pontentilla paoifica (silverweed or silverweed tions) cinquefoil) 5: 17 (habitat with respect to soil type & logged 114 (grass-forb meadow component) areas) 116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation) 231; 4:213; 6:209 (in species list) Polystichum vulgare 94 (habitat) 6:208 (in species list) Pontentilla villosa (wooly cinquefoil) Polytrichum formosum (moss) 3:114 (salt resistance; habitat) 3:225 (in species list) :231; 6:209 (in species list)

Polytrichum juniperinum (moss) Pontogeneia (amphipod) 1:219; 6:208 (in species list) 1:268 (in species list) 6:101 (community position; species associations; habitat) Pontoporeia affinis (amphipod) 6:187 (in species list) Polytrichum sp. (moss, unspecified) 4:211 (in species list) Pooecetes gramineus (vesper sparrow) 6: 94 (habitat) 4:222 (in species list) : 99 (community position) Pope, R.M. Pomeroy, W.M. 1:IB0:(347) (value of tidal marsh) 2:100(308) (benthic algae distributions & production) Poplar 101(308) (west, central & east delta algal masses) aspen (see Populus tremuloides) 102(308) (west delta primary production values) Lombardy (see Populus nigra italica) 103(308) (enhanced algal production) western black (see Populus trichooarpa) 104(308) (primary production —benthic algae) IBO (251) (Howe Sound & Squamish River delta Poppy (see Papaver) environmental impact study) (308) (distribution & primary production & Population, human (see Land use; Urban development) biomass) (308) (distribution & primary production of Populations, wildlife (see Abundance; Census) benthic algae on the delta) (308) (gross primary production & biomass) Pop 206. Por

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Populus nigra italioa (Lombardy poplar) Porpoise 1:133 (popular in delta urban communities) Dall , (see Phocoenoides dalli) harbour (see Phocoena phocoena) Populus sp. (cottonwood, unspecified) 1:145 (Boundary Bay forest area) Porpoise Harbour 5: 17 (habitat with respect to soil type &logged 3:xiv (anoxic conditions in) area) : 34 (re tidal effects & dissolved oxygen concentrations in) Populus tremuloide8 (aspen poplar) : 35, 36 (oxygen distribution with respect to 1:289; 3:234; 6:209 (in species list) depth, circulation, water replacement, 6: 92, 102 (abundance; forest position) pH values & depth distribution) 36, 50 (water temperatures) Populus triahooarpa (northern black cottonwood; 37 (total organic carbon levels) western black cottonwood) 37 (pulp mill waste concentrations; analysis 1:141 (on dykes & well-drained slopes) methods & factors influencing) :144 (on Shady Island) 38 (aesthetics) :IBO:(434) (Fraser Valley yields of) 40 (oceanographic studies re fish kills) 2:110 (Scoulerieto-Salicetum, Saliceto Populetum, 48 (vertical mixing) Lonioera-Rubu83 Ribes-Oplopanax Symphori 48, 50 (vertical salinity & density distributions) oarpos ecosystem types) 68, 72 (water quality & associated invertebrates) :208; 3:235; 6:209 (in species list) 105 (algal species diversity & abundance) 6: 96 (dominance; habitat; forest associations) 156, 158, 159 (oxygen concentrations & distri :102 (community position; abundance) butions (horizontal & vertical)) 157 (pH levels; bottom debris & benthic Porcupine (see Erethizon dorsatum nigresoens) invertebrates) 160, 161 (red liquor discharge aesthetics, pH, Porella navioularis oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, total 3:225 (in species list) organic carbon & colour values) 184 (condition of flora & fauna) Porella platyphylla IBO: (-387) (pollution) 3:225 (in species list) Port Coquitlam Poriohthys notatus (plainfin midshipman) 1:166 (great blue heron nest census) 1:277; 2:202; 3:217; 4:208; 5:174 (in species list) :339 (permit application for domestic effluent discharger: amount, biological oxygen demand Porifera (sponges) (see also Aphrocallistes; lophon; total suspended solids, where to be diverted) Rhabdooalyptu8; SpongiHa) 1:228 (disappear under anaerobic conditions) Port Edward 2: 77 (encrusting types inhabit west delta rock 3:xiv (fishing community) outcrops) :IBO:(387) (oxygen surveys) 146 (inhabit log storage & booming grounds) :(390) (fish kill investigation) 69, 74 (estuarine locations of) 70 (pollution tolerance) Port Mann 198 (encrusting species) 1: 20, 53 (tidal effect on sediment deposition 185, 189; 5:166 (in species list) of river at) : 49, 253 (river flow at) Poroclinus rothrocki (whitebarred prickleback) :206 (re Annacis Island sewage) 1:277; 3:217; 4:208 (in species list) :254 (river sediment load & types at) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) :IB0:(357) (re bridge) :(361) (marine clays) Poroeponides cribrorepandus 1:260 (in species list) Port Mellon 1: xi (pulp mill) Porphyra miniata (red alga) :153 (ecological condition) 3:104 (pollution indicator species) :222 (in species list) Port Moody 1:205 (sewerage outfall) Porphyra perforata (red alga) :IB0:(340) (permit application for domestic 3:222 (in species list) effluents discharger: amount, bio logical oxygen demand, total suspended Porphyra sanjuanensis (alga) solids, where to be diverted) 1:191 (in species list) :(357) (marine geology) Porphyra sp. (algae, unspecified) Port Simpson 1:147 (in lona Island sewage treatment plant 73 (species diversity & abundance) channel outfall) 74, 76, 105 (habitat & species dominance) 5:179 (in species list) 167 (preferred port site & reasoning) 182, 183 (pollution potential & extent of Porphyra umbilioalis effected areas; entrance implications; 3:222 (in species list) optimum site; present status) IBO:(306, 397) (expeditions) :(308) (soils) Por 207 Pre

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Porteau Creek Potato (see Solanum tuberosum) 2:177 (re deep-sea port)

Porter, R.P.R. Potentilla anserina 4: 81(288) (oyster collection versus oyster 4: 23 (Chemainus salt marsh vegetation) production) : 82(288) (oyster industry problems) Potentilla paoifica (silverweed; cinquefoil) :157(315) (air pollution aesthetics) 1:131, 132, 142 (in cat-tail & sedge community of many islands of river's South Arm) Portulacaeae (purslane family) (see also Montia) 2:106 (in grass communities) 6:208 (in species list) :208; 5:180, 182 (in species 11st) 4:108 (distribution & abundance in Chemainus Porzana Carolina (sora rail) salt marsh) 1:301 (habitat; food; etc.) :217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) Potentilla palustris (marsh cinquefoil) 4:218; 5:187 (in species list) 6:101, 102 (forest position; species associations) :209 (in species list) Potamilla neglecta (polychaete) 3:201 (in species list) Pottle, W.R. 6:134(285) (intake water quality of Eurocan pulp Potamogeton amplifolius (pondweed) mill) 4:105 (habitat) :IB0:(285) (Eurocan pollution control monitoring program) Potamogeton berchtoldii 6:208 (in species list) Poulson, E.N. 1:IB0:(365) (soil survey of Whatcom County, Potamogeton epihydrus nuttalli (pondweed) Washington) 4:10b (Cowichan Lake habitat Poultry Potamogeton filiformis (pondweed) 1:183 (acreages used for laying chickens, broiler 6:208 (in species list) chickens & turkeys) :209-210 (manure composition & disposal problems) Potamogeton natans (floating pondweed) 1:135 (in ditches of lower delta) Powell, N.A. 160 (as food of diving ducks) 4:77(288) (species introduced to Stuart Channel) 161 (as food of mallard) 108 (location; abundance) Powers, E.B. 231 (in species list) 1:IBO:(378) (carbon dioxide of Fraser River & its tributaries, also of certain Columbia Potamogeton nodosus (pondweed) River tributaries) 6:208 (in species list) Prakash, A. Potamogeton peotinatus (sago pondweed) 1:IB0:(423) (seasonal changes of coho & chinook 135 (in ditches of lower delta) salmon feeding in southern B.C.) 160 (as food of diving ducks) 4: 61(280) (enhancement of coastal productivity 161 (as food of mallard) by terrigenous organic matter)

Potamogeton pusillus (small pondweed) Prange, R. 1:135 (in ditches of lower delta) 41(264) (estuarine systems comparison of 4:105 (Quamichan Lake habitat) ecological characteristics) 63(241) (stability & factors acting on Potamogeton riohardsonii (pondweed) intertidal substrates) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) 73(267) (re estuarine gammarid amphipod studies)

Potamogeton robbinsii (pondweed) Prasiola (algae) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) 1:291; 3:220 (p. meridionalis (in species list)) 3:104 (pollution tolerance of P. meridionalis) Potamogeton sp. (pondweed, unspecified) 6:102 (habitat; species abundance) Praxillella (polychaete) :208 (in species list) 1:263; 3:201; 4:193 (P. affinis paoifica; P. gracilis; P. sp. (in species list)) Potamogetonaceae (pondweed family) (see also Potamogeton) Precipitation 6:208 (in species list) 30-37; 2: 27 (estuary rain & snowfall) 30-37; 2: 27; 3:xxi, 17; 4: 22, 111; 5: 18, 19 Potassium Ion (pattern) 57, 29 (levels in estuary waters) 30-37; 2: 27, 30; 4: 33, 111 (annual average; 210 (leachate from fertilizers into waters) mean normals) 212 (in industrial effluents) 30-37; 6: 21, 25 (recording stations & 246, 249 (potash-handling dust as atmospheric operational duration of) pollutant) 244 (mean annual total rain & snow, at Vancouver 255-257 (routine determination location in Airport, 1937-1974) river-basin waters, re water quality) 244; 3: 20; 6: 25 (annual days with) 208. Pre Pri

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Precipitation (cont'd.) Prickly Currant (see Ribes lacustre) 1:IB0:(370); 2:IB0:(263); 3:IB0:(315) (data 1941- 1970; frequencies) Prickly Sculpin (see Cottus asper) :(370); 2:IB0:(263); 3:IB0:(315); 5: 23 (trends] :(371) (records) Primitive Caddisflies (see Rhyacophilidae) 2: 27 (maximums; minimums) : 30; 6:IB0:(260) (Canadian normals) Primrose :IB0:(263) (re Squamish & Indian Arm) evening (see Oenthera hookeri) :(263, 264); 3:IB0:(315) (fluctuations) western yellow evening (see Oenthera biennis) :(264); 3:IB0:(316) (maps) 3:xxi, 17; 6: 21 (variations — topographically Primulaceae (primrose family) (see also Dodecatheon; induced; regional) Glaux) : 20 (annual mean; seasonal extremes & effects of 6:208 (in species list) storm progression) : 23; 4: 33, 111; 5: 23; 6: 25, 26 (average & Prince Rupert maximum snowfallsj 3:xiii (re port development potential & Pacific : 26, 27 (dissipation of air-borne pollutants) terminus of Canadian National Railway) 4: 33, 111; 5: 23 (rain —mean annual total; :xxiii, 78 (major industries & employers) extremes & average) 5 (establishment of) :112 (re Douglas fir-moss associations) 9, 173 (geography) :IB0:(273); 5:IB0:(233); 6:IB0:(259) (tables) 11 (earthquake) :(273); 5:IB0:(234) (B.C.) 26, 27 (re air-borne pollutants) 6:xxiv, 20, 21 (seasonal regimes; annual 36, 37 (harbour oxygen levels; phosphate & periodicity; annual, monthly & seasonal) nitrate concentrations; distributions) : 32 (re air pollution) 38 (faecal coliform abundance) 38 (harbour aesthetics) Predaceous Diving Bettles (see Dytiscidae) 69(317) (environmental impact studies on proposed port development sites Predation (see also Food and feeding habits; Birds, in vicinity of) raptori all 73 (species abundance) l:xvii (delta marshes provide shelter for fishes 73, 76 (species diversity) from) 76 (species dominance & distribution) :113 (predators of threespine stickleback) 77 (shellfish restrictions) :168 (delta hedges provide shelter for birds from) 78 (crab & shrimping operations) :293-326 (species list of birds, mammals, reptiles 79, 93, 94, 95, 135, 149 (fishing industry re & amphibians, including types of -total catch; value; classification of predated food) fishing fleet; employment opportunities - direct & indirect; activities & incomes of Prenanthes alata (white lettuce) regional fishermen; net industrial income, 3:231; 6:202 (in species list) annual gross wages & salaries of persons employed by the fish processing industry; Prest, J.E. dependence upon) 1:IB0:(415) (Strait of Georgia trawl fishery & : 91, 135(386) (salmon fishery - production; net investigation) catch; economic value & recovery) 3: 91 (349) (history of Butterworth-Warrior Rocks :105 (algal species diversity & abundance) trawl fishery) :133 (railway proposal, land regulations, terminal :IBO:(358) (catch & effort statistics of the B.C. construction & settlement) trawl fishery) :134(299); 3:IB0:(380) (industrial development - expansion, problems, amalgamation & Pretious, E.S. financial difficulties) 1: 18, 19, 49, 54(365) (Fraser River flow & its :135 (economic recovery re halibut fishing & fish effects on sediment movement & bed processing; electricity) movement in delta area) :136 (population growth; sustaining industries)* 60(365) (effects of dams on downstream :138 (ferry service) sedimentation) 139 (air transportation) 60(380) (studies with hydraulic model of lower 165 (shipping activities) river & part of its estuary) 173 (initial development plans) :IB0:(380) (bed load transport of sediments) 173 (transportation services; center of industry :(380, 381) (hydraulic model project & & trade; land requirements) prototype) ;173-175 (Ridley Island bulk terminal proposal) :(423) (fish protection & power development :175 (boundaries) on Fraser River) :176 (proposed terminal sites; location of general :(468) (history & principles of river training cargo facility, site comparisons, status of & effects on New Westminster area) bulk loading facility) 2:IB0:(325); 3:IB0:(383) (principles of river ;184 (location) training as an aid to navigation; :IB0:(296, 303, 304, 305, 307, 335, 337, 359, 361, occasional reference to Fraser River) 369, 377, 381, 383, 385, 391) (harbour development) Prickleback (see also Stichaediae) :(297) (port & hinterland) black ("see Xiphister atropurpureus) :(297, 303, 307, 313, 315, 318, 324, 325, 329, Pacific snake (see Lumpenus sagitta) 332, 337, 360, 367, 368, 378, 390) two spotted (see Plectobranahus evides) (preliminary environmental impact whitebarred (see Poroolinus rothrooki) assessments) 209. Pri Pro

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Prince Rupert (cont'd) 4: 86(295) (Cowichan River coho spawning runs) 3:IBO:(299, 300, 314, 339, 352, 369, 379, 382, 393) :102(294) (origin of fish captured in Strait of (assessment of alternatives) Georgia sport fishery) (300) (gateway to Alaska) :IB0:(295) (salmon angling in Cowichan Bay) (302, 383) (development forecast) :(295) (Skutz Falls, Cowichan River tagging (309) (archaeology) results) (309) (mineral resources; activity report; :(295) (food of B.C. spring salmon) Coast Range composition adjacent) (309, 397); 6:IB0:(256) (maps) Pritchard, D.W. (311, 312, 314) (regional geology) 1: 1(351) (definition of an estuary) (314) (gravel sampling) :IB0:(351); 2:IB0:(246); 3:IB0:(296) (estuaries) (317, 319, 320, 325, 388, 390) (water quality) :(351); 2:IB0:(251); 3:IB0:(302) (dynamics & (322, 325, 331, 374) (oceanography) flushing of estuaries) (331) (waves) :(351, 352); 2:IB0:(252); 3:IB0:(303) (337, 346, 381, 386, 388) (city of) (estuarine environment) (338, 389, 39l) (environmental studies) :(354); 2:IB0:(266); 3:IB0:(319) (estuarine (380, 386, 393) (economic prospects; future hydrography) development) 2:IB0:(251); 3:IB0:(302) (physical viewpoint on (388, 392) (waste disposal) estuary) 5: 1(224) (classification of Nanaimo River Prince's Pine estuary) little (see Chimaphila menziesii) western (see Chimaphila umbellata) Procladius sp. 6:186 (in species list) Prionaoe glauea (blue shark) 1:277 (in species list) Proclea graffi (polychaete) 3:201 (in species list) Prionittis lanceolata (red alga) 3:222 (in species list) Procyon lotor paoifious (raccoon) 1:171, 321 (habitat; food) Prionospio (polychaete) 2:126; 6:110 (track observations) 1:263 (unidentified species (in species list)) :218; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) 3:201 (p. malmgreni; P. steenstrupi (in species 4:125 (regional abundance; frequency of occurrence) list)) 5:111 (estuarine inhabitant)

Pritchard, A.L. Procyonidae (raccoons) (see_also Procyon lotor) 1:IBO:(412); 2:IB0:(294) (salmon migration in B.C. 3:243; 4:223; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) waters) :(423); 2:IB0:(300) (pink & chum salmon Prodiamesa sp. tagging in B.C.) 6:186 (in species list) 2: 91(300) (duration of Howe Sound salmon migration) Producers; Production -primary, secondary & tertiary 3: 84(345) (fresh water fish species) (see also Food Chains) 108(365) (Lakelse Lake flora & usage of) 1:IB0:(393) (with respect to estuarine 118(371) (utilization of Kitwanga & Lakelse impoundments &tidal marshes) lake marshes by migratory birds) 2: xx (percent of total primary productivity :123(371) (hair seal (Phoca vitulina) abundance) contributed by benthic algae &sedges) :IB0:(296) (Kitsumgallum Lake) : 99, 128 (spatial distribution of primary :(296, 317) (Lakelse & Morice lakes) productivity) :(319) (Lakelse Lake salmon tagging experiment) :100 (conditions effectina upper estuarine :(346) (B.C. Pacific salmon migration) primary productivity &subsequent conse :(356) (prospects for (1948) Skeena River quences of) salmon catch) :101, 103,(304) (primary &gross production) :(357) ((1947) Skeena River sockeye salmon :104 (distribution of primary production among run) deltaic vegetation) :(358) (two salmon migration reports on :128 (energy source) tagging chum & pink salmon in B.C. :129 (turbidity) waters) :172 (alteration of) :(358) (four reports on tagging salmon off :IB0:(305) (re B.C. fiords) Skeena River) 3:IB0:(298, 337, 266) (re estuary) :(358) (fish culture problems involved with :(368) (Babine Lake) conservation of anadromous fish with 58, 61,(280); 5:IB0:(265) (re Strait of Georgia) particular reference to Skeena River 163 (improvement procedures) salmon) 42, (245, 265) (re Nanaimo estuary) :(358) (two reports on Skeena River investi 43 (with respect to fishery) gations) 47, 93 (comparisons) -.(358) (two reports on sockeye salmon 92 (experimental locations &program status) migration in Babine River & Lake 93, 96 (primary & heterotrophic sources & as indicated by tagging at Babine rates) fence) IB0:(238, 243, 261, 263, 265) (measurements; :(358) (Lakelse Lake sockeye salmon run) apparatus) :(358) (effect of Indian fishery on Skeena River salmon runs) 210. Pro Pse

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Progne subis (purple martin) Prunus dome8tioa (plum) 4:200; 5:189 (in species list) 1:289 (in species list) Proharpina (amphipods) Prunus emarginata (bitter cherry) 1:268 (p. sp. (in species list)) 1:289; 3:235; 5:184; 6:209 (in species list) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-moss associations) Prosimulium sp. (blackfly, unspecified) 6:102 (abundance; community position) 6:187 (in species list) Prunus sp. (cherry, unspecified) Prosobranchia (see Mesogastropoda) 1:289 (in species list) Prosopium ooulteri (pygmy whitefish) Prunus virginiana (choke cherry) 3:217 (in species list) 1:289 (in species list) 4:215 (p. v. demissa; P. v. melanocarpa (in Prosopium sp. (whitefish, unspecified) species list)) 3:xxiii (estuarine inhabitant) :IB0:(337, 349) (ecology) Pruter, A.T. 3:IBO:(342) (northeastern Pacific Ocean demersal Prosopium williamsoni (mountain whitefish) fish & fisheries studies) 1:102, 113 (in Fraser River mainstem & tributaries] :(350) (bottom-trawling explorations off the :114 (semi-migratory therefrom to river estuary; Washington & B.C. coasts) feed) :122 (sport fishery in tributaries) Psammatodendron arborescens 3: 85 (habitat; salmon predation) 1:258 (in species list) :217 (in species list) PsaltriparuB minimus (common bushtit) Protobranchia (see Yoldia sp.) 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:214; 4:221; 5:189 (in species list) Protooardia oentifilosa (bivalve) 4:197 (in species list) Psectrooladius sp. 6:186 (in species list) Protothaoa (see also Clams) 1: 86, 97 (P. staminea (little-neck clam) of Psephidia (clams) Boundary Bay) 1:264 (P. sp. (in species list)) 2: 75, 148 (re absence of P. staminea from log :265:. 3:204; 4:197; 5:170; 6:190 (p. lordi (in booming & storage grounds) species list)) : 83 (potentially harvestable population) 4:197 (P. ovalis (in species list)) :191; 3:204; 4:197; 5:167, 170 (P. staminea (in species list)) Psettichthys melanostiotus (sand sole) 3: 77 (habitat & consumption) 1:277; 3:217; 4:208; 5:174 (in species list) 4: 83 (p. staminea harvest &distribution in 3: 88 (estuarine resident) Stuart Channel) 4: 97 (juvenile habitat) 5: 74 (commercial & recreational demand for P. staminea) Pseudarohaster parelii 2:196 (in species list) Protozoa (see also Ciliata; Dinoflagellida; Foraminiferida; Radiol aria) Pseudisothecium stoniferum 1: 91 (anaerobic, feeding on anaerobic bacteria 3:225 (in species list) in Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh) : 91 (plentiful in Richmond Nature Park) Pseudocalanus minutus (copepod) .-258-261, 270; 3:211; 4:185, 189; 6:188 (in 1: 94, 95 (in vicinity of estuary) species list) 2:198; 3:213 (in species list) :IB0:(391-407) (bibliography including) 3: 76 (habitats of) :(406); 2:IB0:(290); 3:IB0:(341) (with respect to Canadian Pacific waters) Pseudocalanus sp. (copepod, unspecified) 4: 73 (inhabiting Cowichan Lake) 3:213 (in species list) 5:IBO:(252) (intertidal parasites) Pseudoaarpus oapitatus (ninebark) Pro tula paoifica 1:285 (in species list) 2:188 (in species list) Pseudoohironomus sp. Province of British Columbia, Department of Lands, 6:186 (in species list) Forests and Water Resources 1:160:(355) (price lists & air photo cover keys) Pseudocloeon sp. (small mayfly, unspecified) 6:184 (in species list) Prowfish (see Zaprora silensis) Pseudoeurotium rilstonii (ascomycete) Prunella vulgaris (heal-all) 4:107 (occur in Cowichan-Chemainus region) 6:205 (in species list) Pseudohyleeinus sp. (bark beetles, unspecified) Prunus armenica (apricot) 6:xxv (infestation; damage & control) 1:289 (in species list) 211 Pse Pub

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Pseudononion auricula Pterosiphonia bipinnata (red alga) 1:260 (in species list) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) :223 (in species list) Pseudoplolymorphina charlottensis 1:260 (in species list) Pterosiphonia dendroidea (red alga) 5:179 (in species list) p8eudo8abellides (polychaete) 4:194 (P. sp. (in species list)) Ptilota tenuis (red alga) 3:104 (pollution indicator species) P8eudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) :223 (in species list) 1:131 (on steeply sloped areas) :145 (Boundary Bay area) Ptychocheilus oregonensis (northern squawfish) 2:108 (common in coastal Douglas fir zone & 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem) Douglas fir-western hemlock subzone) 3: 85 (habitat; salmon predation) :144 (value) :217 (in species list) :208; 3:235; 4:215; 5:184; 6:202 (in species list) 3:xxiv, 109 (common in coastal western hemlock Ptychoramphu8 aleutious (Cassin's auklet) biogeoclimatic zone) 3:120 (summer residents) 4:111 (inhabits Cowichan-Chemainus region) 5:108 (utilize estuary; residential status) :112, 113; 5: 94, 100; 6: 91, 101 (habitats) :188 (in species list) :112, 113; 5: 98, 100; 6: 91, 101 (forest associations) Public Works of Canada (British Columbia and Yukon :IBO:(299) (water distribution) District) :(300) (corticolous & lignicolous plant 1:IBO:(468) (proposed improvements of Fraser River communities) trifurcation area at New Westminster) 5: 16 (habitats with respect to various soil types) : 94, 100 (subzonal characteristics; of under & Publications overstory) 1:160 (345) (B.C. Environmental News) : 98 (subzone climatic & hydrological features; (345) (B.C. Lands Service; bulletin) indicator species) (347) (Marine Sciences Directorate; bulletin) : 98 (forest density) (353) (U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries & :100 (species dominance; zonal dependence upon Wildlife; B.C. Wildlife Federation soil moisture regimes) newsletter) :120 (logging locations) (354) (Westwater Research) 6:101 (abundance) (391) ; 2:IB0:(278); 3:IB0:(332) (Dr. D.B. Quayle) Psilocybe (fungi) (410, 411); 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(345) (re 1:278 (P. sp. (in species list)) fishery) (414) ; 2:I60:(295); 3:I80:(348) (Fisheries Psocoptera (booklice) Research Board) 2: 71 (as food of salmon fry) (432) ; 2:IBO:(305) (Pacific Forestry :194 (Psocopteran sp. (in species list)) Research Center) (438) ; 2:IB0:(310); 3:IB0:(370); 4:160:(301); Psolidium bullatum (sea cucumber) 5:IB0:(267); 6:IB0:(273) (American 3:209 (in species list) Ornithologist's Union) (439, 449); 2:IB0:(311, 318); 3:160:(371,377) Psolus ohitonoides (sea cucumber) (8.C. Natural History Society, bulletin] 2: 74 (abundance; location of) :(440) (8.C. Waterfowl society) :195 (in species list) 2:IB0:(257) ; 4:IB0:(268, 271); 5:IB0:(226, 231) (8.C. geological reports) Psoralea agrophylla (silverleaf Psoralea) :(265) i 3:IB0:(317) (B.C. Remote Sensing 1:285 (in species list) Center) :(273) (Marine Sciences Directorate) Psychodidae (sandflies) :(293) ; 3:IB0:(345) (B.C. Fish & Wildlife 1:266 (in species list) Branch, Fisheries Management) 3:IB0:(296) (B.C. Fish & Wildlife report) Psychrolutes paradoxus (tadpole sculpin) :(298) (estuary projects memo) 1:277; 2:202 (in species list) :(298) (land use, pollution control & 2: 86 (re location of) recreation report) :(298) (re environmental effects) Ptarmi gan :(298, 300, 302) (estuary proceedings) willow (see Lagopus lagopus) :(300, 339, 343, 350, 354, 363, 364); 4:IB0: (287); 5:IB0:(239) (cruise - reports; Pteraster tesselatus projects) 2:195 (in species list) (302) (geological & oceanographic study) (309, 312) (Geological Survey of Canada Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) reports, papers & charts) 1:279; 4:211; 5:184; 6:208 (in species list) (317, 324) (Canadian Hydrographic Service) (333) (bacterial contamination conference) Pteropoda (350) (Prince Rupert Fisherman's Co 1:271 (unidentified larvae (in species list)) operative Association) 3: 75 ((Limacina sp.) as food of salmonids) (366) (Forestry Service) 212. Pub Pur

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Publications (cont'd.) :IB0:(483); 2:151, 153(333, 337); 3:I80:(392, 394); 3:I80:(390) (re pollution) 4:I60:(281, 316, 317); 5:I60:(246, 4:IB0:(263, 264, 305) (B.C. Department of Lands, 283); 6: 40, 41, 42(264) (waste - Forests & Water Resources) disposal problems; classification; (264, 283) (conference proceedings) miscellaneous additions; deposition (266) (catalogue) studies re mill locations; discharge (275) ; 5:IB0:(233) (snowfall bulletin) with respect to salinity & oxygen (282) (Pacific Environment Institute) balance) (303) (Victoria Natural History Society) :150, 151 (products; effluents discharged) (305) (B.C. Department of Economic Develop :150, 151; 4:150, 151 (locations; ownership) ment; B.C. Department of Industry,- :151 (spent sulphite liquor composition; lignin Trade & Commerce) & sugar degradation rates) (306) (Cowichan Leader) :152 (Kraft process -digesting solutions; bio (307, 309) (Statistics Canada) logical oxygen demand; production capacity) 5: IBO (225) (B.C. Department of Mines & Petroleum :152 (composition & effects of discharge Resources) suspended solids) (270) (Greater Nanaimo Water District) 152 (bleaching agent acidity; effects & problems) (270) (Environment & Land Use Committee 152; 3:155 (effluent composition & toxicity) Secretariat) 153 (immediate & longterm effects on receiving 6:IB0:(278) (Skeena Land Recording Division) waters) :(286) (Vancouver Sun) :154 (Kraft mill effluent toxicity reduction methods) Pucoinellia nutkaensis (Alaskan alkaligrass] :154 (identification of bleached Kraft mill 3:231 (in species list) effluent toxicants) :167(337) (emission types, amounts & effects) Pucoinellia pumila (alkaligrass) :I60:(331, 333); 3:I80:(391) (re effluent effects 3:114 (salt resistance; habit) on marine communities) :231; 6:204 (in species list) :(332; 336); 3:IB0:(390, 393) (toxicity 6: 94 (dominance; community position) characteristics) :(333, 337); 3:IB0:(391, 394) (re fish & Puffball bioassay procedures) gemmed (see Lyooperdon) 3:155 (Kraft mill effluent processing) :155 (composition, toxicity & alkalinity of Puffin bleaching effluents) horned (see Lunda corniaulata) :I60:(330, 399) (sulphite waste effects) tufted (see Lunda cirrhata) :(390) (freshwater effects) 4:150, 151 (sites; variety; discharge permits; Pugettia (kelp crabs) amounts; dispersal patterns & dilution zone 1: 88 (P. sp. in Boundary Bay area) water quality; determination scheduling & :268; 3:208 (in species list) methods; effluent biological effects & 2:193; 4:200; 5:170 (P. gracilis (in species list)] accumulation) 4:200 (P. producta; P. riohi (in species list)) :152 (location effects; compostion & extent of benthic wood deposition) Pugh, W.G. :153 (river diversion procedures & effects) 1:116, 124(423) (Boundary Bay fish resources) :IBO:(279, 315) (re Pacific oysters) 6:xviii (outfall systems design; environmental Pugh, W.L. significance) 6:123(277) (Kitimat Harbour - re design, con : 40, 41, 42 (ecological, oceanographic & struction & facilities) hydrographic studies re mill location)

Pullenia Salisburyi Pulpmill Inlet 1:260 (in species list) 3:157 (bottom deposits) Pulp and Paper Mills (principally Kraft pulp mills) Pumpkin (see Cucurbita pepo) (see also Acids, fatty; Phenols; Resin acids) 1:108 (see first reference on page 481 re effect Punotaria heaperia (alga) of tree bark in effluent on development 5:180 (in species list) of salmon eggs) :108, 200-201(483) (effects of toxic chemicals Punaturella cucullata (gastropod) in effluents on young salmon) 3:203 (in species list) :212-213 (types of chemicals in effluents from) :246 (atmospheric pollutants in emissions from) Punaturella multistriata (gastropod) :334, 336, 337 (effluent permits & requirements) 3:203 (in species list) IBO:(475); 2:IB0:(330, 332, 336); 3:I80:(386, 388, 390, 393, 394); 4:I80:(279, 281, Puneturella sp. 313, 314, 316, 317) (pollution -re 2:189 (in species list) coastal zinc & boron; Kraft pulp mill effluent; summary; marine aspects; Purple Martin (see Progne subis) problems) :(481); 2:IBO:(335); 3:IBO:(392, 393) (Kraft Purpura (oyster drill gastropods) pulp mill effluent detoxification 1: 88, 264 (P. foliation in Boundary 8ay & Mud 8ay) methods) 4: 77 (P. clavigera introduced to Ladysmith Harbour) :195 (p. alavigera; P. foliata (in species list)) 213. Pur Qua

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Purse Quail shepherd's (see Capsella bursa-pastoris) California (see Lopohortyx californicus) Pyanopodia (starfish) Quamichan Lake 74, 148 (habitat of P. helianthoides) 4:180 (277, 290, 300, 317) (study) 75 (unsuitable habitats re P. helianthoides) (299) (report; fish mortality) 76 (p. helianthoides inhabits Sunset marina) (300) (algae) 195 (in species list) 202 (p. helianthoides (in species list)) Quaternary Period 4: 19 (classification of glacial, interglacial Pygmy Whitefish (see Prosopium coulteri) & postglacial events) Pygospio (polychaete) Quayle, D.8. 1:263; 2:188 (P. elegans (in species list)) 1: 97(404) 2:I80:(288); 3:I80:(339); 4:I80:(288) 2: 70 (a dominant Mamquam delta, lower zone species] (edible 8.C molluscs) :IB0 (345 ; 2:160:(246) (a brief on maricultrue) Pylaiella littoralis (351 ; 2:I60:(251); 3:I80:(302) (6.C. shores) 1:147 (forms filamentaceous mats in Sturgeon (391 (publication list for his research) 8anks lower marsh extremities) (397 398); 2:180:(282); 3:180:(335) (dredg 3:222; 5:180 (in species list) ing activities re 8.C. marine invertebrate surveys) Pyper, J. (398 ; 2:IB0:(283) (breeding & growth of B.C. 1:180:(423) (characteristics of sockeye & pink razor clams) salmon spawning grounds in Fraser (403 404, 405); 2:IBO:(288, 289); 3:IB0: River) (339, 340, 341] 4:IB0:(288, 289, 290] (re clams) Pyro williamsoni ; 2:IBO:(289); 3:IBO:(340):I80:(340) (re abalone; 1:260 (in species list) scallops) :(404 ; 2:IB0:(289); 3:IB0:(340); 4:IB0:(289) Pyrola asarifolia braoteata (large pyrole) (intertidal bivalves of 8.C.) 3:231; 6:204 (in species list) :(404 405); 2:IB0:(288, 289); 3:IB0:(339, 340, 341); 4:180:(289, 290); 5:160: Pyrola picta (white-vein pyrole) (254) (re oysters) 3:231 (in species list) :(404 405); 2:I60:(289); 3:IB0:(340); 4:IB0: (289) (borers - re ship, marine & Pyrola picta dentata (wintergreen) wood) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-salal-lichen associations) :(405 ; 2:IB0:(289); 3:IB0:(340); 4:IB0:(289); 6:100 (community position) 5:IBO:(254) (distribution of introduced mollusca in B.C. waters) Pyrola 8ecunda (one-sided wintergreen) :(415 416, 422) (B.C. fisheries resources 3:231; 6:204 (in species list) research) :(480 ; 2:IB0:(335); 3:I60:(392) (paralytic Pyrola sp. (wintergreen, unspecified) shellfish poisoning in B.C.) 6:204 (in species list) 2:IB0:(249 279); 3:IB0:(300, 333); 4:I80:(288); 5: 71(252) (some aspects of 8.C. Pyrrhophyceae (algae) littoral ecology) 3:219 (in species list) :(288 ; 3:160:(339); 4:160:(288) (Japanese little-neck clam accidentally intro PyruB communis (pear) duced into B.C.) 1:288 (in species list) :(289 ; 4:IB0:(289) (Pacific oyster seed production; seasonal growth in Lady Pyru8 fuBca (western crabapple) smith Harbour) 1:288; 3:235; 4:215; 5:184; 6:209 (in species list) :(295 ; 3:IB0:(348) (resource-use problems in 3:113 (floodplain vegetation; foreshore coastal B.C. fisheries) forest transitional zone) :(296 ; 3:IB0:(356) (brief re B.C. fishery :116 (shrub-forb vegetation) resources) 6: 96, 98, 102 (abundance; forest position) :(335 ; 3:IBO:(392) (shellfish toxicity records) Pyura haustor (ascidacean) 3: 77(340) (culture of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea 2:196; 4:202 (in species list) gigas) in Nicol Creek) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance) 4: 56(280) (environmental effects of pulp mill effluent on Stuart Channel & oyster Pyura sp. production) 2:196 (P. mirabili8 (in species list)) 76(290) (typical Stuart Channel shore faunas) 4:215 (in species list)) 77(289) (location, abundance & distribution of Japanese oysters in 8.C. waters) 77(289) (species introducted to Stuart Channel) 77(289) (seasonal settlement of shipworm larvae) 79(289) (intertidal life) 81 (289, 290) (collection of oyster seed) 151(216) 5:141(282) (effects of Kraft mill Quadrigula sp. (green algae, unspecified) effluent on oysters) 3:220 (in species list) :189(290) (species lists) 214. Qua Ran

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Quayle, D.8. (cont'd.) Raohomitrium canescens (moss) 4:180:(288) (Paphia bifurcata> a new molluscan 1:279 (in species list) species from Ladysmith Harbour) :(289, 316) (effect of Kraft mill effluent on Radiol aria Pacific oyster (CrasBoatera gigas) 1:270 (in species list) with particular reference to Crofton, 8.C) Radish (see Raphanua sativus) :(315) (four progress reports re experiments concerning Kraft mill effluent effects Radula bolanderi on the condition of oysters at Crofton, 3:225 (in species list) 8.C.) 5: 71(254) (introduced species abundance & range) Radula complanata : 74(254) (commercial oysterlng) 3:225 (in species list) :160:(253) (mortality of shore invertebrates in Nanaimo) Radulinua asperellus (slim sculpin) 1:277 (in species list) Queen Charlotte Islands 3:180:(297) (economic study) Radulinus taylori (spiny-nosed sculpin) :(307) (geological map) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 4:IB0:(297) (floral catalogue) :217 (in species list)

Queen Charlotte Sound Ragwort 3:IB0:(323) (currents; water structure) giant (see Seneoio triangularis) :(328) (physical & chemical data) (see Seneoio 8ylvatious) (see_ Seneoio vulgaris) Queen Charlotte Strait 3:160:(322) (salinity; water temperature) Rail sora (see Porzana Carolina) Queen's Cup (see Clintorria uniflora) Virginia (see Rallus limicola) Queensborough Bridge Rainbow Smelt (see Osmerus mordax) 1: 53 (high coliform bacteria count in river water at) Rainbow Trout (see Salmo gairdneri) : 83 (bottom larvae in north & south arms of Fraser River) Rainfall (see Precipitation)

Querous garryana (garry oak) Raja binooulata (big skate) 4:215; 5:182, 184 (in species list) 1:277; 3:217 (in species list) 5: 94, 96 (habitat) : 96 (forest density) Raja rhina (longnose skate) 1:277; 3:217; 4:208; 6:195 (in species list) Quick, M.C 4:IBO:(291) (abnormal specimen) 1: 61, 62(380) (hydrodynamic model) 6: 87 (harvest) :IB0:(381) (hydro-meteorological study of Fraser River) Raja stellutata (starry skate) :(381) (Fraser River water quality model) 3:217 (in species list) 2:IB0:(265); 3:I80:(318) (computer studies of estuary) Ralfsia sp. (red alga, unspecified) 3:223 (in species list) Quillback Rockfish (see Sebastes maliger) Rallus limicola (Virginia rail) Qui nones 1:301 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:154 (toxic components in bleached Kraft mill :217 (in Surrey Bend swamp) effluent) 2:212; 4:218; 5:187 (in species list)

Quinqueloculina sp. Ramalina reticulata 1:260 (in species list) 3:225 (in species list) Rana aurora aurora (red-legged frog) 1:324 (habitat; food) 2:219; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (in species list)

Rana catesbeiana (bull frog) 1:324 (habitat; food) Rabbit eastern cottontail [see Sylvilagus floridanus Rana clamitans (green frog) mearnsi) 1:324 (habitat; food) 4:225 (in species list) Racey, K. 2:IB0:(319) (B.C. Alta Lake region birds) Rana pretiosa pretiosa (western spotted frog) 1:324 (habitat; food) Raccoon (see Procyon lotor paoifious) 3:244; 5:193 (in species list) 215. Ray Ran

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Rana sp. (frogs, unspecified) Raphanus sativus (radish) 1:163, 298 (as food of merganser) 1:285 (in species list) 166, 294 (as food of heron) 294 (as food of bittern) Raphidonema sp. (green alga, unspecified) 321 (as food of raccoon) 3:220 (in species list) 326 (as food of snakes) Raptors (see_ Birds, raptorial) Rana sylvatioa (northern wood frog) 3:244 (in species list) Raspberry black (see Rubus leucodermis) Randall, A.P. 6:IBO:(267) (toxicity of DDT to Ectropis crepus- Rat oularia) Alexandrian roof (see Rattus rattus alexan- drinu8) Rangifer tarandus caribou (caribou) black (see Rattus rattus rattus) 3:xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena region) bushy tailed wood (see Neotoma oinera oociden :123 (recreational resource potential) talis ) :244 (in species list) musk- (see Ondatra zibethica) Norway (see Rattus norvegious) Rangifer tarandus montanus (mountain caribou) 3:244 (in species list) Ratfish (see Hydrolagus oolliei)

Ranunculaceae (buttercup family) (see also Actea; Rathie, W.G. Aquilegia; Coptis; Ranunculus; Trautvetteria) 3:176(302, 384) (Prince Rupert - Squamish 6:208 (in species list) comparison as coal exporting terminals) Ranunculus acris (tall buttercup) 6:208 (in species list) Rattray, M. 1:IB0:(348); 2:180:(248) (new dimensions in estuary Ranunculus aquatilis (aquatic buttercup) classification) 3:108 (habitat of) :(384) (oceanographic effects of surface winds :231 (in species list) over Puget Sound) 4:105 (Cowichan Lake habitat) Rattus norvegious (Norway rat) Ranunculus cymbalaria (buttercup) 1:320 (habitat; food) 3:116 (of lower river mud flats) 2:217; 4:223; 5:192 (in species list) :231; 6:208 (in species list) 4:124; 5:111 (origin; introduction)

Ranunaulus flammula (small creeping buttercup) Rattus rattus alexandrinus (Alexandrian roof rat) 3:231; 6:208 (in species list) 2:217 (in species list)

Ranunculus maoounii (Macoun's buttercup) Rattus rattus rattus (black rat) 1:131 (in woodland) 1:320 (habitat; food) 6:208 (in species list) 2:217; 4:224; 5:192 (in species list) 4:124; 5:111 (origin &introduction) Ranunculus oocidentalis (western buttercup) 6:208 (in species list) Raudsepp, V. 1:IBO:(480) (alternate methods for treatment & Ranunoulu8 repens (creeping buttercup) disposal of community wastewaters) 285; 6:208 (in species list] 94, 102 (habitat) Raven 98, 102 (species associations) common (see Corvus corax) 102 (community position) Rawn, A.M. Ranunculus seleratus (cursed buttercup) 1:202, 203, 204(480) (factors re decisions for 1:285 (in species list) Vancouver area sewage treatment & disposal locations) Ranunculus sp. (buttercups; crowfoot, unspecified) :IBO:(477) (consolidation of amendments to report 1:141 (on Westham Island &in Ladner marsh area) on above) :160 (crowfoot as food of diving ducks) 3:112 (floodplain & foreshore-coastal forest Rawson and Wiles Limited transitional zone vegetation) 1:IBO:(468) (development plan for Musqueam Indian Reserves II & III) Ranunculus uncinatus parviflorus (little buttercup) 4:IBO:(309) (general plan for Duncan) 3:231 (in species list) 5:180:(276) (plans for Nanaimo waterfront, Indian 4:113 (re western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair reserves, city & recreation) fern associations) Raymond, B. Rapatz, W.J. 4:107(298) (deltaic flora of the Cowichan & 1:IB0:(386) (summary of hydrographic & oceanograph Chemainus River estuaries) ic information on some B.C. estuaries) :111(298) (alteration of the salt marsh community) :211(298) (floral species list) 216. Raz Reg

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Razor Clam (see Siliqua patula; Tagelus) Red Alder (see Alnue rubra)

Read, P.B. Red Botula (see Brosmophycus marginata) 3:IB0:(312) (Ecstall mine—Skeena River area, B.C.) Red Fescue (see Festuca rubra) Reclamation for land use (see also Landfill) 1:197-198 (suggested areas in estuary) Red Honeysuckle (see Lonicera dioioa glauoesaens) Recreation (see alao Beaches; Fisheries and fishery Red Huckleberry (see Vacoinium parvifolium) resources; Fishing, recreational; Golf courses; Hunting) Red Knot (see Calidrus oanutus) 1:137 (Lulu Island) Red Snapper (see Sebastes ruberrimus) :140 (Mud Bay) Red Top :172-180 (Fraser River delta &estuary foreshore spiked (see Agrostis alba) opportunities for, particularly bird watch ing & controlled hunting for waterfowl; Redbelly dace (see Chrosomus eos) 1950-1968 trend in number of waterfowl hunt ers; data on bird & observer uses of George Redfield, A.C C Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary) l:IB0:(387)j 2:180:(275) (analysis of tidal :179 (Richmond Serpentine Fen & Burnaby Lake phenomena in narrow embayments) nature parks) :(387) (note on circulation of a deep estuary: :187-191 (land use for other than wildlife, e.g. the Juan de Fuca - Georgia straits) parks, golf courses, beaches, parkways & urban development of delta) Redhead (duck) (see Aythya americana) :188 (map of wildlife refuges) :233, 237 (general conclusions re estuary) Redpol1 :235 (map of delta areas proposed for recreational common (see Aoanthis flammea) development) :IB0:(438-454) (bibliography re wildlife) Redside Shinner (see_ Riohardsonius balteatus) :(454-472) (bibliography re land use) :(458) (planning methodology) Redstripe Rockfish (see Sebastes proriger) :(458); 2:IBO:(322); 3:IBO:(381,384)(economics) :(458); 2:IB0:(323, 381) (land capability Reed, F.L.C and Associates Limited classification) 2:IB0:(275); 3:IB0:(384) (potential British :(459) (University of British Columbia Columbia Railway export traffic) endowment lands) 3:IBO:(389) (rationalization of forest & rail :(459); 2:IB0:(323); 3:I80:(381, 384); 4:IB0: sectors in northwestern B.C.) (306) (social & cultural aspects) :(384) (location of rail connection between :(462) (Boundary 8ay potential) Prince Rupert &Dease Lake) :(463) (re Coquitlam - Port Coquitlam district) 6:126(277) (Kitimat as a primary northern port) :(464) (re lower mainland) :174 (information source) 2: xi (Howe Sound sports fishery &aquatic recrea tion) Reedgrass (see Calamagrostis) :IB0:(248, 327) (in Squamish estuary) 4:180:(263) (capability maps) :(265) (re land use) Refuge, bird (see Bird sanctuaries) :(275, 291, 301, 305) (Chemainus) 5:131 (Nanaimo to Vancouver bath tub race; Nanaimo Refuse disposal (see also Landfill; Sewage) area ski facilities; park administration) 1:215-218 (versus landfill; types of refuse; choice 132, 146 (boating area &facilities) of sites in delta; refuse recycling; 194 (re recreational boating) ecological effects such as undesirable I60:(272) (land use capability classification) animals replacing former wildlife) 43 (re Minette Bay) 2:165 (re solid wastes &epifauna) 110(274, 275) (activities in Kitimat region) 110 (hiking opportunities) Regional District of Fraser-Fort George 111 (hunting activities; non-consumptive usage) 3:IB0:(302) (northern B.C. development forecast) 116, 117 (Lakelse Lake Hot Springs development; resource use conflicts & policies) Regional District of Kitimat-Stikine 117 (marina facilities & locations) 6:117(277) (regional recreational opportunities) 118 (recreational areas) -.173 (information source) 170 (regional importance) :176 (continuing research) Recurvirostra americana (American avocet) Regional District of Nanaimo 1:IB0:(440); 2:IB0:(312); 3:I60:(371) (8.C. sight 5:115(276) (Nanaimo economy, lifestyles &local ings) government) :116(276) (Nanaimo city limits) Recurvirostridae (stilts) :118(276) (Nanaimo land &water use patterns) 4:120 (feeding habitats) :131(276) (park maintenance &administration)

Recurvoides turbinatus Regulus calendula (ruby-crowned kinglet) 1:258 (in species list) 1:310 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:215 (in species list) 217. Reg Rha

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Regulus calendula grinneli (Sitka kinglet) PpcPApcH 3:240 (in species list) 1:239-243; 2:182-183; 3:189-190; 4:167-169; 5:160- 161; 6:175-176 (current & ongoing) Regulus satrapa (golden-crowned kinglet) :264 (earthquakes) 1:310 (habitat; food; etc.) :IBO:(376) (Fraser River branching project) 2:213; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:215 (in species list) :(399) (with respect to crustacean fisheries) 2: xx, xxi (subjects) Reid, Collins and Associates Limited : xx, xxi; 3:xxv, xxvi (need for) 6:174 (information source) :113 (estuary significance to migratory birds) :124 (estuarine importance to terrestrial birds) Reid, D.J. 3:xxv, xxvi (areas requiring) 1:119(424) (growth of Fraser River salmon canning : 67 (re invertebrates required) industry) 4: 78, 105, Ul (re Cowichan estuary productivity) 3: 96(359) (sport fishing in Skeena River area) :106 (concerning macrophytic algae) : 98(359) (value of sport fishery) :117 (importance of Cowichan-Chemainus habitat :IBO:(360) (conflicts between recreational to migratory birds) resource users; non-Canadian parti :160 (re food chains & environmental effects of cipation in B.C. & Yukon regional landfill) fisheries) :163 (regional planning value of) 6: 87(269) (importance of sport fishing in :163 (quantifying ecological effects of estuarine northern B.C.) development & evaluating impact on regional fish & wildlife) Reid, G.K. 5:180:(224) (tidal estuaries) 1:180:(351) (inland waters & estuarine ecology) Research and Development, Fisheries & Marine Service Reifel, George C, Migratory 8ird Sanctuary (see 5:IBO:(259) (possible impact of proposed harbour Bird Sanctuaries) development on the aquatic environ 1:IBO:(440, 443, 453) (information re) ment & its fishery resources)

Reifel Island Resin Acids (see also Acids, organic) 1:140, 141 (soil; vegetation) 1:200 (toxicity to young salmon, from Kraft pulp :328 (raptor birds 1970 census) mill effluents) :213 (in effluents of wood industries) Reish, D.J. :250 (gaseous products from, in foundry mould use) 1:225(392) (warm Los Angeles harbour water in creased polychaetes species diversity) Reuben, F. :227(394) (effects of poor circulation with 4:158(316) (review of legislation concerning deoxygenation on benthos of a newly pollution control) constructed California boat harbour 5:134(282) (re environmental pollution control & probably of enclosed Fraser River regulations) tidal flats for beaches & marinas) 6:132(286) (legislation controlling environmental pollution aspects) Remington, J.D. 1:108(424) (downstream migration speed of Fraser Rex Sole (see Glyptocephalus zachirus) River sockeye salmon smolts) Reynolds, E.S. Remispora (marine fungi) 5: 91(264) (lignicolous marine fungi) 1:278 (R. hamata; R. stellata (in species list)) Rhabdocalyptus Renewable Resources Consulting Services Limited 2: 74 (R. sp. habitat) 1:180:(451) (potential for recreational hunting & :186 (R. dawsoni (in species list)) waterfowl developments on lower B.C. mainland) Rhaaochilus vaoca (pile perch) 1:277; 2:202; 5:174 (in species list) Rennie, P.J. 6:178(277) (re systems of measure) Rhacomitriion heterostiohum 3:226 (in species list) Reophax 1:258 (R. ourtu8; R. pilulifera; R. sp. (in Rhacomitrium langinosum species list)) 3:226 (in species list) Reptantia (see Aaantholithodes; Cancer; Chionoeoetes; Rhacomitrium sp. (moss, unspecified) Chorilia; Cryptolithodes; Hemigrapsus; Hyas; 4:211; 6:204 (in species list) Lopholithodes; Munida; Oregonia; Pagurus; Phyllolithodes; Pugettia; Rhinolithodes) Rhacomitrium varium 3:208; 4:199 (in species list) 3:226 (in species list)

Reptiles Rhagionidae (snipe flies; dipterans) 1:323 (as food of skunks) 1:266; 3:206; 6:187 (in species list) :326 (list of estuary species; habitat; food) 2:219; 3:224; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (in species list) Rhamnus purshiana (cascara) 1:285; 2:208; 3:235; 4:215; 5:184 (in species list) 218. Rha Rib

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

RhamphoaottuB riahardsonii (grunt sculpin) Rhodoglo88um roseum (red alga) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) 104 (pollution tolerance) 5:174 (in species list) 105 (habitats of) 223 (in species list) Rhinichthys cataraotae (longnose dace) 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem downstream to Rhodomela larix between Hope &Chilliwack) 3:xxiv (habitat) 3: 85 (Skeena River habitat) :xxiv, 105 (pollution tolerance) :217 (in species list) :223 (in species list) Rhiniohthys falaatus (leopard dace) Rhodomenia palmata (red alga) 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem downstream to 3:104 (pollution tolerance) between Hope & Chilliwack) :223 (in species list) :180:(415) (ecology) Rhodophyceae (red algae) Rhinolithode8 wosnessenskii 3:222 (in species list) 2:192 (in species list) 6: 92 (intertidal habitat, abundance &species composition) Rhithrogena sp. (stream mayfly, unspecified) 6:184 (in species list) Rhopalodia sp. (diatom, unspecified) 3:221 (in species list) Rhizammida 1:258 (in species list) Rhus diversiloba (poison oak) 5: 98 (habitat) Rhizoolonium riparium (green alga) :184 (in species list) 3:104 (pollution indicator species) :220 (in species list) Rhyacophila sp. (primitive caddisfly, unspecified) 6: 95 (deltaic habitat) 6:185 (in species list) Rhizoolonium sp. (algae, unspecified) Rhyacophilidae (primitive caddisflies) 1:134, 146 (on Boundary Bay high tidal flats) 3:205; 6:185 (in species list) 291 (R. reparium (in species list)) 101 (re central zone location) Rhycodrye setchellii (red alga) 102 (blooms; community types) 3:223 (in species list) 206 (in species list) Rhynchospora alba (white beakrush) Rhizopoda 1:143 (in Wettest area of bogs) 1: 82 (testaceous, of Richmond sphagnum bogs) 3:115 (muskeg inhabitant) 5:255 (B.C.) :231; 6:203 (in species list) 6:101 (community position; species associations) Rhizosolenia (diatoms) 1:291 (R. delioatula; R. hebetata semispina; Rhytidiadelphus loreus (moss) R. stolterfothii; R. styliformis; (in 3:226; 6:208 (in species list) species list)) 6:100, 101 (abundance; species associations) 2:205 (in species list) 3:102 (if. longiseta dominance) Rhytidelphus triquetrus (moss) :221 (R. longiseta &P. sp. (in species list)) 3:226; 6:209 (in species list)

Rhoads, D.C Rhytidiaceae (moss family) (see also Rhytidiadelphus; 1:229(394) (high hydrogen sulphide concentration Rhytidiopsis) effect same as oxygen loss on marine 6:208 (in species list) benthic survival) :230(394) (water content of marine sediments re Rhytidiopsis robusta (moss) their stability; effects on survival 3:226; 6:209 (in species list) of epifaunal invertebrates & sessile 6:101 (community position; species associations) plants) 2:IB0:(279) (mass properties, stability <4 ecology Ribes braateosum (blue currant) of marine muds re burrowing activity) 2:111 [Ribes-Oplopanax ecosystem types) :208; 3:233; 6:204 (in species list) Rhodine (polychaetes) 3:113 (floodplain vegetation; foreshore-coastal 1:263 (unidentified species (in species list)) forest transition zone vegetation) 3:201 (R. bitorquata (in species list)) Ribes laoustre (prickly currant or gooseberry) Rhododendron (see Rhododendron maorophyllum) 3:233 (in species list) Rhododendron maorophyllum (rhododendron) Ribes laxiflorum 3:233 (in species list) 6:205 (in species list) Rhodoglossum affine (red alga) Ribes sanguineum (red currant) 3:223 (in species list) 4:215 (in species list) 5:100 (habitat; forest associations) 219. Rib Rid

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Ribes sp. (wild currant, unspecified) 1:188 (map showing) 6: 96 (forest position; species associations) :IBO:(346, 438) (natural history) :205 (in species list) :(445) (animals; tracks)

Ricoardia palmata Ri cker K.E. 3:226 (in species list) 1:IB0:(351); 2:I80:(251) (list of references for Strait of Georgia area) -.(365) (diamictons, southeast corner of Point Ricoardia sinuata Roberts, Washington) 3:226 (in species list) :(366); 2:IB0:(260); 3:IB0:(312) (inventory Rice Root (see Fritillaria camsohatoensis) of geology-related studies of Pacific Shelf of Canada: British Columbia, Washington & Alaska coastal areas) Rich, W.H. 1:107(422) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye 2:IB0:(260) (provisional report re Howe Sound salmon migration into & within Fraser submarine glacial geology) River) 3:IB0:(302, 312) (oceanographic studies, marine & terrestial geology of Skeena River delta, estuary & Chatham Sound) Richards, G.H. 1:180:(487) (1922 edition of his 1860 8ritish 5:IB0:(231) (Canadian Pacific Shelf inventory of Admiralty Chart of Fraser River & marine surficial geology, sediment- 8urrard Inlet) ology, geomorphology, quaternary paleontology & paleoecology, geo Richardson, J. chemistry & related studies) 3:I60:(312); 6:I80:(257) (8.C. exploration) 6:IB0:(255) (bibliography of Canadian Pacific 4:227(271);. 5:IB0:(230) (Nanaimo, Comox coalfields) marine geoscience information) :IBO:(271) (three reports on Vancouver Island coalfields) Ricker, W.E. 5: 8(230) (Vancouver Island coalfields) 1:108, 109(424) (Fraser River sockeye salmon biology) Richardson, N.H. :119(419) (review of B.C. sockeye fishery) 6:IBO:(254) (Kitimat regional resources) :IB0:(405) (new records & descriptions of :(277) (a Tale of Two Cities: Prince Rupert; Plecoptera) Kitimat) 2:180:(297); 3:IB0:(353) (Canada's Pacific marine fisheries; past performances & future Riohardsonius balteatus (redside shiner) prospects) 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem) 3:IBO:(359) (background information & theory 3: 85 (Skeena River habitat) related to management of Skeena :217 (in species list) sockeye salmon)

Richmond, G. Ricketts, E.F. 1:180:(469) (analysis of manufacturing location in 4: 79(290) (intertidal life) Greater Vancouver) Ridley Island Richmond 8og 2:176 (re establishment of deep-sea port) 1: 82, 142-144, 233, 236 (a vital biological area) 3:xiv (impaired water quality in vicinity of) :237 (a relic ecosystem destined to disappear : xv (as an alternative to the Squamish port site) naturally) : xv (engineering, biological & ecological :IBO:(431) (natural history) studies) : xv (economic, sociological & environmental Richmond Municipality (see also lona Island; Lulu implications of locating a steel mill on) Island; Sea Island; Steveston area; Sturgeon :xvi (production & resource consumption of Bank) proposed stell mill) 1: 11, 17 (geology) :xxii (regional benthos) 82 (faunal life of sphagnum bogs) 38 (dissolved oxygen concentrations) 90-93 (invertebrate fauna) 69, 73, 160, 184 (invertebrates of the red :130, 142-144 (bogs re flora) liquor discharge cove) 137 (land use, marsh &mudflat vegetation) 74 (species distribution) :205 (discharge from Gilbert Road sewerage treat 74, 103 (species diversity & abundance) ment plant) 103 (condition of benthic algae) :IBO:(346, 354, 399) (natural history) 109, 110 (forest community types; species :(349) (history) composition & location of; condition :(354) (foreshore development) of trees; density & height) :(357) (urban geology) :160 (aesthetics of red liquor discharge) :(359, 363) (soil report) :173-175 (location; size; research required; :(406, 428) (foreshore development with co-ordinating authorities; products shipped; respect to ecology) support facilities -railway, roads, water, :(453) (re wildlife & recreational develop power; anchorage; modifications; landfill ment proposals) requirements) :177, 178 (shoreline modifications; boggy habitat; Richmond Nature Park concerns re wildlife, waterfowl, fish & 1: 91 (invertebrate fauna) intertidal biota; dredging & pollution & :179 (use by schools for wildlife study) ecological effects; controls; decisions) 220. Rid Roc

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Ridley Island Robertson, I. 3:182, 183 (pollution potential & extent of 5:IB0:(268) (Gulf Islands waterfowl surveys) affected area; entrance implication; site options; present status) Robertson, J. :IB0:(296, 307, 380) (bulk terminal feasibility 2:IBO:(330) (disposal of Britannia Mine & mill study) effluents into Howe Sound) :(308) (land investigations) Robin Riffle Beetles (see Elmidae) American (see Turdus migratorius)

Riparia riparia (bank swallow) Robinson, D.G. 4:220; 6:215 (in species list) 1:180:(424) (biological data of larval & juvenile fish caught with a two-boat surface Ripgut (see Bromus rigidus) trawl in Strait of Georgia) 4: 97(291) (introductions of carp to system) Ripley, CF. 6: 14(256) (depth & composition of sedimentary Robinson, D.J. deposits underlying Kitimat smelter 1:180:(451) (impact of recent land use practices site) upon wildlife recreation) :IB0:(276) (foundation investigation re Kitimat smelter) Robinson, G. 6: 5(254) (Kitamaat history) Ripley, Klohn and Leonoff International Limited 1:IBO:(366) (soil mechanics report(s) on lona Robinson, I.M. Island sewage outfall diffuser 1:160:(462) (role of jobs, people & transportation Channel & treatment plant) in metropolitan physical development) 6:174 (information source) :180:(257) (millsite foundation report) Robinson, J.L. 5:118(276) (total coal production) Rissa tridaotyla (black-legged kittiwake) :121(276) (Nanaimo lowland arability) 3:238; 4:219 (in species list) Robinson, M.K. Roberts Bank (see also Tsawwassen; Westham Island) 3:180:(325) (northeast Pacific Ocean surface 1: x (Development Steering Committee re the layer characteristics) superport coal terminal) : xv, 28 (erosion; retreat of foreshore through Robinson, Roberts and 8rown Limited slumping) 2:180:(326.) (ground water development, Squamish ;xvi (tidal flat benthos) tidal flats) :xviii, 22, 23(472) (Westshore Terminals causeway 5:180:(237) (groundwater development for main effects on sedimentation, biota, etc.) population centers) xix, 233, 236 (vital for biota population) 2 (re acreage of partially vegetated land) Robulus sp. 21 (salt marsh) 1:260 (in species list) 21, 23-24, 27-28 (sand sediments - source, stability, etc.) Roahefortia tumida (bivalve) 26 (sediments re foundation conditions for 4:197 (in species list) structures) 47 (coal dust at bulk loading facility) Rockcress 55 (biological oxygen demand & dissolved oxygen) hairy (see Arabis hirsuta) 75 (wave records) (see Arabis lyrata) 82 (meiofauna) 90 (heavy-metal & polychlorinated biphenyls Rock Greenling (see Hexagrammoa lagocephalus) pollution found in microfauna) 132 (eelgrass community near causeway) Rock Lichen 147 (marine microphytes of tidal flats) 2:206 (in species list) 151 (area of deltaic deposits) 155 (bird use of Soirpus beds) Rock Sole (see Lepidopsetta bilineata) 155-156 (lesser snow goose wintering) 164 (extensive use of mudflats by wading birds Rockfish for feeding) quillback (see_ Sebastes maliger) 197 (possible further reclamation to provide unspecified (see Sebastes; Sebastes sp.) industrial sites) :IB0:(358) (soils) Rockfishes (see also Sebastes sp.) :(379) (circulation model) 1:110 (as food of estuarial cutthroat trout) :(396) (invertebrate study) 4: 98 (consume gobies) :(402) (sediment-faunule relationships) :(430) (floral study) Rocks and Minerals (see also Geology; Sediments; :(465) (railway service) topics listed and mentioned below) :(470) (dredging & reclamation activities; 2: 7 (biotite re Coast Range orogeny; argillite, landscape alterations) conglomerate, granodiorite, greenstone chert, :(486, 487, 488) (maps) quartz, quartz diorite, sandstone, schist :IB0:(311) (baseline study) ose, re Squamish batholith; chlorite, horn blende & plagioclase-quartz diorite minerals) Ros Roc 221.

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Rocks and Minerals (cont'd.) Ronholt, L.L. 2: 9 (basalt, dacite, trachyte re volcanic rocks; 3:I60:(342) (northeastern Pacific Ocean demersal argillite, conglomerate, greywacke, lime fish & fisheries study) stone, limy argillite, porous greywacke, siltstone, slaty argillite, re sedimentary Ronquil rocks) northern (see Ronquilus jordani) : 10 (amphibolite, hornblende, granulite, miginatite, plagioclase, schist re Ronquilus jordani (northern ronquil) metamorphism) 1:277 (in species list) : 16 (actinolite, apatite, chabazite, chalcopynite, chlorite, fluorite, haemalite, heulandite, Roos, J.F. hornblende, microcline, olivine, pyrite, 1:111(424) (river lamprey parasitism of salmon in sphene, tourmaline, tremolite, re sand Fraser River mouth) mineralogy) 2:IB0:(301) (parasitism on Pacific juvenile salmon : 22 (amphibole,quartz, chlorite, feldspar, illite, & herring in Strait of Georgia) mica, montmorillonite, vermiculite, re clay mineralogy) Root, J. 4:106(297); 5:IB0:(262) (macrophytic algae Roddick, J.A. research in Strait of Georgia) 1:IB0:(487, 488) (geological map of Coquitlam & Pitt Lake) Roots 2:IB0:(260) (plutonic rock evolution in Vancouver- 1:153 (farm root crops as food of birds) north, Coquitlam & Pitt Lake map-areas) :319, 320 (as food of mole & vole) :(260) (B.C. coast mountain plutonic & associated rocks) Rorippa islandica (marsh yellow cress or borbas) 3: 13(312) (Skeena River channel rocks) 1:285; 6:202 (in species list) :IB0:(312) (coast Mountains project) :(312) (plutonic & associated rocks in the Rorippa nasturtium-aquatioum (water-cress) B.C. Coast Mountains) 6:202 (in species list) 6: 9(257) (general Kitimat geology) : 9(257) (Douglas Channel - Hecate Strait geology) Rorippa obtusa (blunt-leaved yellow-cress) 5:182 (in species list) Rodents (see also Castor; Cricetidae (mice); Erethizon; Sciuridae; Zapodidae) Rorippa sp. (water-cress, unspecified) 1:299, 300, 305, 306 (as food of birds) 1:285 (in species list) :321, 323 (as food of coyote & skunks) 2:216, 217; 3:242; 4:223, 224; 5:191; 6:217 (in Rorke, T.J.H. species list) 3:180:(302) (re Kitson Harbour & other port developments envisioned for 8.C.) Rodgers, J. :(303) (re port development in the Skeena 1:167, 318(451) (birds of Vancouver area & Fraser area) River delta) :(384) (re Kitson Harbour) 2:219 (Vancouver birds) Rosa gymnocarpas (dwarf or woodland rose) Roe, J.S. 3:233 (in species list) 1:IB0:(436) (forest regions of Canada) Rosa macounii (wild rose) Roed, M. 1:160 (as food of diving ducks) 3:IBO:(312) (outer Prince Rupert Harbour terrestrial 4:111 (found in grazed portion of Cowichan & marine environmental geology re deep- estuary) sea port site selection) Rosa nutkana (Nootka rose) Roederella sp. (dance fly, unspecified) 1:287; 4:215; 6:209 (in species list) 6:187 (in species list) 6: 96 (forest position; species associations)

Roemer, H.L. Rosa sp. (rose, unspecified) 4:IB0:(3O0) (Saanich Peninsula forest vegetation 5:184; 6:209 (in species list) & environments) Rosaceae (rose family) (see also Amelanchier; Rogers, G.C Arunous; Geum; Pontentilla; Prunus; Pyrus; 1: 16(364) (seismicity of Fraser River delta) Rosa; Rubus; Sorbus; Spirea) 2:IB0:(259); 3:IB0:(311) (Canadian seismicity & 6:209 (in species list) micro-earthquake research) Rosalina Rogers, I.H. 1:260 (R. campanulata; R. columbiensis (in species 3:180:(392) (removal of fish-toxic organic solutes list)) from whole Kraft effluent by bio logical oxidation; role of wood Rose furnish extractives) dwarf (see Rosa gymnocarpa) Nootka (see Rosa nutkana) Romanzoffia stichensis (sitka romanzoffia) wild (see Rosa macounii) 6:205 (in species list) 222. Ros Rub

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Rose,Island Rowse, D.J. 1:140, 141 (vegetation; soil) 3:IBO:(392) (re industrial effluent discharges)

Rose, J.H. Royal, L.A. 1:IBO:(409) (Pacific salmon spawning populations 1:IBO:(424) (effects of regulatory selectivity on in United States) productivity of Fraser River sockeye) :(424) (variable oceanographic factors re Rosethorn Rockfish (see Sebastes helvomaoulatus) migration & survival of Fraser River salmon) Ross, Hon. Wm. R. 1:IBO:(374) (south fork of the Fraser River) Ruben, D.S. 1:295-297, 318(346) (birds of Fraser River delta) Ross, K. Rubiaceae (madder family) (see Galium) 6: 33(262) (Kitimat River course) :IBO:(277) (river control) 6:209 (in species list) Rubu8 arcticus Rossano, A.T. 6:163(286) (re nature, sources & extent of air 6:209 (in species list) pollution resulting from proposed mill) Rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) :165(286) (re potential impact of proposed steel 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) mill) :233; 6:209 (in species list) :168(286) (re impact assessment of air quality in 6:101 (community position; species associations; vicinity of proposed steel mill) abundance)

Rossow, J. Rubus idaeus (raspberry) 1:IBO:(380) (field & model studies on a Fraser 6:209 (in species list) River siltation problem) Rubus laoiniatus (evergreen blackberry) Rosy Pink (see Pleatris congeata) 1:287; 4:215 (in species list) Rosy Pussytoes (see Antennaria rosea) Rubus leuoodermis (black raspberry) 1:287; 3:233; 6:209 (in species list) Rotifera 82 (in Richmond sphagnum bogs) Rubus parviflorus (thimbleberry) 91 (plentiful in Richmond Nature Park) 1:131 (on formerly logged estuarial areas) 262; 4:185 (in species list) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional zone vegetation) Rotifers :233; 5:182, 184; 6:209 (in species list) (see_ Anuraea sp.) 5: 17 (habitat with respect to soil type & logged (see Asplanahna sp.) areas) (see Conochilus sp.) 6: 94, 96, 98, 102 (community position) (see Gastropus sp.) : 96, 98, 102 (species associations) (see Keratella coohlearis ) (see Notholoa longispina) Rubus pedatus (trailing rubus-blackberry) (see Ploe8oma truncation) 2:108 (common in Pacific silver fir-western hem (see Polyartha trigla) lock subzone) :208; 3:233; 4:215; 6:209 (in species list) Roughback Sculpin (see Chitonotus pugetensis) 3:109 (preferred drainage &soil types) Round-leaf Sundew (see Drosera rotundifolia) Rubus procerus (Himalayan blackberry) 1:287 (in species list) Rounselfell, G.A. 1:IBO:(424) (salmon & salmon fisheries of Swift Rubus sp. (blackberry, unspecified) sure 8ank, Puget Sound & Fraser River) 4:215 (in species list)

Rouse, G.E. Rubus spectabilie (salmonberry) 3:IBO:(312) (palynology of some Late Cretaceous & 1:131 (on formerly logged estuarial areas) Early tertiary deposits in British :141 (on dykes &well drained higher ground) Columbia & Alberta) 2:111 (Ribes-Oplopanax &Rubus spectabilis eco system types) Rousseau, R. :208; 3:233; 4:215; 5:182, 184; 6:209 (in species 1:IB0:(351) (estuaries -where the river meets the list) sea) 3:xxiv, 109 (common in coastal western hemlock biogeoclimatic zone) Rowe, J.S. :112 (exposed coastal forest component) 3:180:(368) (Canadian forest regions) :113 (floodplain vegetation, foreshore-coastal forest transition zone vegetation) Rowles, CA. 4:112 (re Douglas fir-swordfern associations) 1:IB0:(366) (B.C. soil resources) :113 (habitat in western red-cedar-grand fir-maidenhair fern associations) 6: 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102 (community position) : 96, 98, 102 (species associations) 223. Rub Sab

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Rubus ursinus (trailing or native blackberry) Ruppia maritima (widgeon grass) 1:129 (in estuary grass & forb community) 1:135 (in ditches of lower delta) 141 (on dykes &higher parts of some islands) 3:116 (in lower river mud flats) 113 (successional forest component) :231 (in species list) 233; 4:215; 5:182, 184; 6:209 (in species list) Rusch, W.C Rubus vitifolius (blackberry) 1: 55, 205(378) (model for predicting coliform 3:234 (in species list) concentrations in Fraser River waters) Ruhr, CE. 5:147(280); 6:153(282) (re effects of stream Rush (see also Juncus gerardi; Juncus sp.; also channelization) Bulrush) Baltic (see Juncus balticus) Rumex aoetocella (sheep sorrel) bulrush (see Soirpus maritimus) 1:285; 3:231; 4:213; 6:207 (in species list) common (see Juncus effusus) 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) common toad (see Juncus buffonius) great (see Juncus validus) Rumex oonglomeratus (sorrel) jointed (see Juncus articulatus) 1:285 (in species list) sharp-fruited (see Juncus acuminatus) sickled-leaved (see Juncus falcatus) Rumex crispus (curled or curly dock) slender (see Juncus tenius) 1:131 (on islands of river's South Arm) spike [see Eleocharis palustris, :145 (in Boundary Bay community) (see Scirpu8 cyperinus) :160 (feed of birds) 4:211 (in species listj 5:182, 184; 6:207 (in species list) 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) Russell, D. 1:IBO:(351) (Fraser River delta - Boundary Bay Rumex obtusifolius (dock) marshes) 4:214 (in species list) Russel, Sir F. Rumex oocidentalis (western dock) 1:IBO:(469) (freshwater & estuarine studies of 1:285; 3:231; 5:182 (in species list) effects of industries)

Rumex patientia (patience dock) Russel, L. 1:285 (in species list) 1:IBO:(451) (waterfowl populations & outdoor recreational opportunity on Fraser Rumex salicofolius (tufted dock) River delta foreshore) 1:285; 6:207 (in species list) :(467) (ecological, recreational & environ 4: 25 (distribution & dominance within the Chemainus mental implications of a residential salt marsh) development on Boundary Bay)

Running Club Moss (see Lycopodium clavatum) Russell, R.J. 1:IB0:(351) (delta dictionary) Runoff (see also Hydrology) :(351) (river plains & sea coasts) l:xiv, 2, 49-54, 57, 59, 252-253 (of Fraser River as a whole; flow rates at various points in Rusty Menziesia (see Menziesia ferruginea) delta & estuary) : 18 (percent of total river in various estuary Rusty Saxifrage (see Saxifraga ferruginea) channels) :255-257 (flow rate measuring station localities in river basin) 2:xvii (seasonal flow rates) : 38 (measuring stations) : 39, 40, 41, 42 (Squamish, Cheakamus, Stawamus & Mashiter River mean, maximum & minimum flow rates) Saanich Inlet : 49 (surface salinity; temperature; turbidity & 4: 57 (influences; oceanographic references) currents effected by runoff variations) : 87, 89 (wintering & rearing grounds of coho 58; 3:54 (re turbidity) salmon) 145 (with respect to logging) : 99 (re Gulf Island coho fishery) xx (re Skeena River) :IB0:(267) (geology) 28 (cause &seasonal variations) (279) (oceanography) 44 (effects estuarine oceanography) (280) (circulation over sill) 52 (daily variations in) (300); 5:IBO:(265) (forest vegetation; flora] 54 (fall freshet; salinity) 55 (re direction of flow at tide change) Sabella crassicornis (polychaete) 50 (Fraser River effects) 3:201 (in species list) 55 (re Nanaimo estuary currents) IBO:(237) (Canadian charateristies) Sabellaria cementarium (polychaete) 38 (characteristics &factors influencing) 3:201 (in species list) 47 (re brackish water layer) 134 (effects re water quality parameters) 224. Sab Sal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sabellariidae (polychaetes) 6: 94, 95 (habitat; dominance; species associations) 3:201 (in species list) : 95 (distribution)

Sabellidae (see also Manayunkia; polychaetes) Salicornia virginica (woody glasswort) 1:231 (in sandy bottoms such as Sturgeon Bank) 1:134 (in saltmarshes of Boundary & Mud bays) 3:201 (in species list) 4: 25, 108 (distribution & dominance in Chemainus 4: 78 (habitat; abundance) salt marsh) :214; 5:180, 182; 6:201 (in species list) Sablefish (see Anoplopoma fimbria) Salinity (see also Chloride; Oceanography; Salt Saccammina wedge; Strait of Georgia) 1:258 (S. diffugiformes; S. longicollis (in species 1: 63-64, 67 (re mixing of river water with Strait list)) of Georgia water off estuary) : 65-67 (charts of horizontal distribution on Sacculina (barnacle) estuarial banks & offshore to Point 4:198 (s. sp. (in species list)) Atkinson) : 68,69 (charts of vertical distribution from Saddle-backed Looper (see Eotropis crepuscularia) North & South arms of river into Strait of Georgia) Sadleir, R.M.F.S. : 71-76 (wind &wave effects on) 1:IB0:(447) (food resource & mineral-gravelling : 77-78 (tide effects on) activity of band-tailed pigeon in :226-227 (effects on lower river food chains) B.C.) :IB0:(386); 3:274 (Pacific coastal observations) :(390); 2:276 (strait of Georgia) Safo, E.Y. 2: 49 (effected by wind, runoff &temperature 1:IBO:(366) (manganese status of some lower Fraser variations) Valley soils developed from alluvial : 49 (Howe Sound distribution of & factors & marine deposits) effecting) : 51 (salt water coloration) Sagina maxima (pearlwort) :155 (effects benthic organisms) 3:114 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone :IB0:(266) (estuarine sampling stations) vegetation) 3: 44 (extent &variations of Skeena River :231; 6:201 (in species list) influence) : 44 (freshwater dilution mechanics) Sagitta elegans : 44(319) (salinity distribution in Skeena River 2:197; 3:211 (in species list) estuary under normal & freshet condi tions) Sagittaria ouneata (water plantain) : 45 (surface salinity pattern in the Skeena River 1:286; 5:180; 6:200 (in species list) estuary during normal river conditions) : 46, 47 (percentage of fresh water in upper Sagittaria latifolia (wapato) sixty feet during normal conditions & 3:116 (in lower river mud flats) spring freshet) :231 (in species list) : 48 (mixing rates, stratification, salt wedge & 6:102 (abundance; species associations) factors effecting them) : 51 (vertical salinity distributions in Inverness Sailfin Sculpin (see Nautichthys oculofasaiatus) Passage in spring &fall) 51 (vertical mixing &tidal action) Salal, shrub (see Gaultheria shallon) 54 (re maximum fall turbidity) 70 (effect on estuarine invertebrate distribu Salamander tions) British Columbia (see Ambystoma graoile :IB0:(324, 325, 326) (coastal observations) decortication) :(326) (time series) clouded (see Aneides ferrus) :(329) (seasonal variation) long-toed (see Ambystoma macrodaoty- :xii, 57, 58 (distribtuion in Stuart Channel & lum) Sansum Narrows) northwestern [see Ambystoma graoile : 70 (re pulp mill effluent distribution patterns) graoile) :IB0:(280) (re Cowichan Bay) Pacific giant (see Diaamptodon ensatus) : 50, 52,(244) (seasonal &spatial distribution) red [see Ensatina eschsoholtzi) : 50, 52,(244); 6:xxiv, 47, 49, 55 (vertical western red-backed (see Plethodon vehioulum) distributions) :IBO:(240, 241, 242, 244) (coastal & shore Salamander (in general) station of) 1:319 (as food of shrew) :(241) (graphs) :326 (as food of snake) :(241, 242) (sea surface) xxiv, 47, 49, 55 (surficial distribution) Salicaceae (willow family) (see also Populus; Salix) 43, 49, 54 (dynamics) 1:IB0:(433); 2:IB0:(3O6); 3:180:(367); 4:IB0:(298) 47 (re deep water) (of the Pacific northwest) 47 (measurements) 6:209 (in species list) 47, 48 (monitoring stations) 49, 54 (conditions influencing distributions Salicornia paoifica (pickleweed) with respect to surface, subsurface & 3:114 (re foreshore-coastal forest transition zone) brackish water interface) :231 (in species list) 50 (surface distribution chart) 225. Sal Sal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Salinity (cont'd) 91 (preferences re streambed, river size, 6: 51, 52 (horizontal distributions at two & four gradient, flow rate & total dissolved meters depth, respectively) solids) : 53 (vertical profile) 202; 3:217; 4:206; 5:174; 6:195 (in species list) : 54 (re thickness of brackish layer) 3: 85 (salmon predators) : 74 (re deltaic species composition) 85; 4: 94; 5: 75, 80, 82, 87 (habitats of) :IB0:(264, 286) (re Kitimat Arm) 4: 93 (age at maturity) 94 (fry — season of emergence) Salisbury, H.F. 100 (freshwater sport fisheries) 1:IB0:(366) (compilation of all available data 82(258) (growth comparisons) concerning B.C. soils) 87 (biological associations; angling statistics 3:IB0:(313); 5:IB0:(231) (B.C. soils) & trends) : 87; 6: 83 (freshwater & estuarine abundance) Salix exigua (sandbar willow) 6: 83 (age structure) 1:131 (in estuary) Salmo olarki lewisi (Yellowstone cutthroat trout) Salix hookeriana (Hooker's willow) 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem & tributaries) 1:289; 3:235; 4:215; 6:209 (in species list) Salmo gairdneri (steelhead trout; rainbow trout) Salix lasiandra (Pacific, red or peachleaf willow) 1:102(420) (in Fraser River mainstem & tributaries, 1:289; 2:209; 3:235; 5:184; 6:209 (in species list) as rainbow trout) 2:110 (Saliceto-Populetum ecosystem type) :110-111 (re river & estuary) 3:116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) :110-111; 3: 83, 84; 5: 81, 82 (migration -habits; spring S fall; downstream smolt; up Salix mackenzieana (Mackenzie's willow) stream; seaward; freshwater) 1:289 (in species list) :110-111; 5: 81, 82, 83, 84 (spawning -season; locations; re stream comparison Salix soouleriana (Scouler's willow) statistics) 1:289; 3:235; 4:215 (in species list) :116,117 (in Boundary Bay) 3:116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) :122(423); 2:IB0:(300); 3:IB0:(357); 4:100(294); 5: 75, 80 (sport fishery - analysis; Salix sessifolia (sandbar willow) freshwater; in Fraser River tributaries) 1:289 (in species list) 124 (Indian catches) 124 (sometimes canned as steel head salmon) Salix sitehensis (Sitka willow) 124; 3: 83, 84, 91 (commercial fishing -methods, 1:289; 2:209; 3:235; 6:209 (in species list) feasibility, locations, yield & catches) 2:110, HI (Seoulerieto-Salicetum, Saliceto- 124(429); 2:IB0:(303); 3:IB0:(365); 4:100(296) Populetum, Lonioera-Rubus ecosystem (management - research; programs) types) . IB0:(411); 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346) (propagation) 3:116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) :(415, 420); 2:IB0:(295,298); 3:IB0:(349,354) 6:102 (abundance; species composition) (investigation results) :(416); 3:IB0:(350) (underyearling interac Salix sp. (willow, unspecified) tions & ecology with respect to 1:141 (on well-drained slopes & dykes) behavior) :145 (on western end of Shady Island) :(417); 2:IB0:(296); 3:IB0:(350) (underyear 3:xxiv (common in coastal western hemlock ling behavior with respect to tempera biogeoclimatic zone) ture) :112 (habitats of) :(417); 2: 93(296); 4: 90 (juvenile -distri 5: 17 (habitat with respect to soil types butions; migratory period; freshwater & logged areas) residence & movements) 6: 96, 98, 99, 102 (abundance; forest positions) :(419) (lower Fraser River survey) :(419); 2:IB0:(297); 3:IB0:(338, 354) (stomach Salmo olarki olarki (coastal cutthroat trout) contents) 1:102 (in Fraser River mainstem & tributaries) :(420, 423, 429); 2:IB0:(303); 3:IB0:(365); :110; 4: 93 (migration - re river estuary; 4:IB0:(296); 5 82(260) (life history) juvenile) (426); 2:IB0:(301); 3: IB0:(361) (reproductive :110(425); 2:IB0:(301); 3:IB0:(359); 4: 94(287, isolation) 293) (food & feeding behavior) (426); 2:IB0:(302); 3 IB0:(361); 5: 82 :110; 4: 93, 94; 5: 82 (spawning - season; age at (distribution) first; locations) (426! 2:IB0:(302); IB0:(361); 4:IB0:(287, :116, 117 (in Boundary Bay) 293); 5: 68 (diet) :122 (sport fishery in Fraser River lower bars & 2: 85, 86 (in estuary & associated tributaries) tributaries, also on coast as "sea trout") : 91 (preferences re streambed, river size, grad :IB0:(417); 2:IB0:(296); 4: 93 (juvenile - size; ient & flow rate) distribution; migrations; freshwater : 92 (stream usage) residence; dispersal & food) : 92 (located in mouths of some Cheakamus & :(417); 2:IB0:(296); 4: 93, 94; 6: 83 (dis Mamquam tributaries) tribution - B.C.; regional; juvenile) :202; 3:217; 4:206, 208; 5:174; 6:195 (in species :(422); 2:IB0:(299); 3:IB0:(356) (information list) re) :203-204 (escapement data) :(425); 2:IB0:(301); 3:IB0:(359) (interactions) 3:xxiii, 83 (estuarine production of) 2: 85, 92 (re tributaries) 226. Sal Sam

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

SaImo gairdneri (con t'd.) Salmon River 3: 83, 84 (season & substrates; possible estuarine 1:106 (parasitization of coho salmon smolts) habitats & residence times) :114 (starry flounder ventures as far as) : 83, 84; 5: 81 (season of emergence; freshwater residency) Salmonberry (see Rubus speotabilis) : 83, 84; 5: 87; 6: 83 (abundance -freshwater; estuarine) Salpinotes obsoletus (rock wren) : 85 (as salmon predators) 4:221 (in species list) :IB0:(345); 5:IB0:(257); 6:IB0:(268) (harvest analysis) Salt Marshes; Saltmarsh Communities (see Marshes, :(350) (meristies) salt or tidal) 4: 92 (Cowichan, Chemainus & Koksilah River populations - spawning season, peak period) Salt Wedge : 93 (fry -summary of life history, season of 1 (transport of marine nutrients by) emergence, juvenile freshwater residence 20, 79 (intrusion into river channels of delta) & movements, smolt transformation, seaward 54 (re shoaling at Steveston) migrations & estuarine residences) 61-62 (hydraulic models of effect in estuary) : 95 (Cowichan, Chemainus & Koksilah non-migratory 84, 114 (allowing marine forms to exist in populations — provincial distribution, life local depressions of river bed above history summary, spawning season, age at river mouth) first spawning, adult distribution, regional 58 (re dyking) abundance & distribution of juveniles) 28 (location of) 101 (legislation; fishing season; effort 48, 51 (extent of) statistics; value of fishery) 62 (nature of) 101; 5: 81, 82; 6: 82 (catches -annual; monthly; statistics; escapement ratios) Saltbush (see Atriplex patula) :IB0:(294); 5: 75, 80, 87(259) (habitat) :(294); 5:IB0:(259) (size) Saltgrass 81 (peak emergence period) desert (see Distiohlis spioata dentata) 82 (estuarine residence) green seashore (see Distiohlis spioata) 87 (biological associations; angling statistics & trends) Saltmarsh Dodder (see Cusouta salina) 143 (effect of logging on abundance, size, embryonic growth & fry emergence) Saltwort (see Glaux maritima) 177, 178 (steelhead catch data for Nanaimo & Chase River) Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) :IBO:(259) (population biology) 4: 96 (introduction; distribution; abundance) :(260) (re port expansion) :208 (in species list) 83 (regional distribution) :198 (Kitimat River catch statistics) Salvelinus malma (Dolly Varden (trout)) 1:102, 113 (in Fraser River mainstem & tributaries] Salmo sp. (trout, unspecified) :114 (estuarial forms; semi-migration to & from 2:202 (in species list) sea) :IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346); 4:IB0:(292) (importance :116 (in Boundary Bay; predation on sculpins) of streamside vegetation to) :IB0:(425); 2:IB0:(301); 3:IB0:(359) (feeding :(332) (re log driving procedures) behavior; interactions) 3:xxiii (Skeena River fisheries) 2: 85, 86 (estuarine & associated tributary 4:IBO:(291) (Cowichan River recreational value; locations) distribution; growth; food) :202; 3:217; 4:208; 6:195 (in species list) 5:IBO:(257) (Nanaimo River production) 3: 85 (as salmon predators) :(276) (Nanaimo River juveniles) : 85; 4: 94 (habitat) 4: 94 (populations; age at first spawning; Salmo tvutta (brown trout) locations) 4: 95 (introduction; distribution; age at : 94; 5: 83 (spawning season) maturity; fry emergence) : 94; 6: 83 (distribution -B.C.; regional) : 95(292) (spawning - initial; season) 5: 83 (Nanaimo River inhabitants) :202 (in species list) 6: 83 (age structure; estuarine abundance) :IB0 (287, 293) (food) (292) (tagging operation) Salvelinus namayoush (lake trout) (294) (habitat) 3:217 (in species list)

Salmon Sambucus pubens (elder) Chinook (see Onoorhynohus tshawytsoha) 3:235 (in species list) chum (see Onoorhynohus keta) coho (see Onoorhynohus kisutoh) Sambucus raoemosa (red elderberry) Pacific (see Onoorhynohus (unspecified)) 1:288; 4:215; 6:201 (in species list) pink (see Onoorhynohus gorbusoha) 6: 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102 (community positions) sockeye (see Onoorhynohus nerka) : 96, 98, 99, 102 (species associations) steel head (see Salmo gairdneri) Sambucus raoemosa melanooarpa (black elderberry) Salmon Leech (see Pisoioola salmositioa) 1:288 (in species list) 227, Sam Sar

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sambuou8 sp. (elderberry, unspecified) Sandnes, A.M. 1:288 (in species list) 3: 39(326) (summary of daily seawater observations' 5: 54(242) (re daily seawater observations) Sanctuary, bird (see Bird sanctuaries) Sandpiper Sand (see also Dredging; Sediments, Mineralogy) Baird's (see Calidrus bairdii) 1: 13; 2: 15 (table of grain sizes) least (see Calidrus minutilla) : 20 (mineralogical composition) pectoral (see Calidrus melanotos) : 21-26 (area, location & nature of deltaic rock (see Calidris ptiloonemis] deposits) semi palmated (see Calidris pusilla) : 53 (sandy sediment deposition from river mainly sharp-tailed (see Calidris acuminata) from Port Mann to Steveston) spotted (see Aotitus maoularia) :231 (scarcity of detritus & detritus feeders in solitary (see Tringa solitaria) sandy sediments) western (see Calidris mauri) :IB0:(355) (geolgoy) :(392); 2:IB0:(278); 3:IB0:(322) (associated Sandwort biology) large-leaved (see Arenaria maorophylla) 2: 15 (mineralogy of; table) sandwort (see Arenaria paludiaola) : 16, 17 (types, composition, distribution; slender (see Arenaria striata) origins of inshore, shallow water unspecified (see Arenaria sp.) sediments) :IBO:(256) (silica sand production potential) Sanguisorba officinalis (burnet) :(258) (mineralogy - Vancouver vicinity) 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) 3: xx (re location & deposition of channel :232 (in species list) sediments) 4: 21 (Cowichan Valley distribution & regulation Sanioula orassioaulis re) 4:214 (in species list) :IB0:(270); 5:IB0:(229) (Strait of Georgia) 5: 12, 13, 18 (extent, location, usage & value of San Jaun Archipelago Nanaimo deposits) 1:IBO:(389) (light penetration) 6: 4, 17 (economic importance) :(407) (macrobenthos) : 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 (regional distribu :(432) (diatoms; water conditions) tion; sedimentary associations; specific :(436) (periodicity of diatom growth) sites; size; origin & composition of 4:xiv (location & water conditions) deposits) : 57 (mixing properties) :IBO:(255) (Kitimat resources) :IB0:(287); 5:IB0:(252) (intertidal organisms) 5:IBO:(252) (faunal comparison) Sand bars (see also Sediments) 1:189 (suggested better access to, for fishing) San Juan Islands; channels 1: 63, 64, 76 (effects on layered Strait of Sand dollar (see Dendraster) Georgia waters) :IB0:(382) (seasonal variation of channel surface Sand Heads water copper ion concentrations) 1: 33-35 (lightstation climatology) :(383) (cruising guide) 40, 42, 245 (wind velocity) :(387) (surface water variations) 52, 77 (tidal range & records re river flow & speed) Sansum, J.D. 1:IBO:(480) (Municipality of Delta sewage Sand Sole (see Psettiohyths melanostiotus) treatment)

Sanddab Santalaceae (sandalwood family) (see also Comandra) Pacific (see Cithariohthys sordidus) 6:209 (in species list) speckled (see Cithariohthys stigmaeus) Sapsucker Sanderling (see Calidris alba) northern red-breasted (see Sphyrapicus varius rubus) Sanders, H.L. yellow-bellied (see Sphyrapicus varius) 1:226(394) (benthic species diversity increase from head to mouth of a marine estuary) Sarber, H.R. :230(394) (sediment instability re success of 3:IB0:(374) (harbour seals & sea lions in Alaska) epifaunal survival) Sarcodina (see Foraminiferida; Radiolaria) Sanderson, A. 1:IBO:(371) (Boundary Bay area climate) Sardinops sagax (pilchard; Pacific Sardine) 1:IB0:(416) (B.C. fishery) Sandfish (see Triohodon triahodon) 4: 98 (observed in Stuart Channel & Cowichan Bay) :208 (in species list) Sandflies (see Psychodidae) :IBO:(293) (juvenile mortality)

Sandlance Sarsia tubulosa (planktonic coelenterate) Pacific (see Ammodytes hexapterus) 5:IBO:(249) (behavior) 228. Sar Sch

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sarsparilla (see Aralia nudioaulis) Saywell, J.F.T. 4: 6(309) (Cowichan Valley development) Satellite Channel : 10(309) (railroad construction & implications 4:xiv (location) for logging) :xxiv (flushing activity & extent of pollution) : 27, 73(267, 268) (sediments) Scagel, R.F. : 57 (oceanographic influences) 1:IBO:(436) (guide to common B.C. seaweeds) : 61 (tidal regimes) 5:IB0:(265) (B.C. marine plant resources) : 68 (water replacement & pollution control significance) Scalibregma inflatum (polychaete) : 73(285, 286) (substrate preferences, biomass & 3:201; 4:193; 6:189 (in species list) relative abundance of indigenous benthos) : 99 (fishery supply stocks) Scalibreqmidae (polychaetes) :IBO:(267) (sediment origins) 3:201 (in species list) :(285) (quantitative benthic investigations) Scallops (see Pecten) Satterthwaite, J. 1:IBO:(372) (meteorological relations to air Scalpellum oolumbianum (barnacle) pollution at Vancouver) 5:IB0:(251) (habitat)

Saunders, L.G. Scammon, CM. 4:IB0:(290) (Vancouver Island freshwater amphipods) 3:IBO:(378) (North American northwest coast marine mammals) Save-the-Beaches Association 1:IBO:(469) (Boundary Bay recreational development Soapania bolanderi plan) 3:226 (in species list)

Sawflies (see Tenthreadinidae) Scapanua orarius orarius (coast mole) 1:319 (habitat; food) Sawmills (see Forestry products industry) Soapanus townsendii (Townsend's mole) Saxicava arotioa (bivalve) 1:319 (habitat; food) 4:197 (in species list) Scapholeberis mucronata (branchiopod) Saxidomus (see also Clams) 4:187 (in species list) 1: 86, 88 (S. giganteus (butter clam) in Boundary Bay area) Scaphopoda (see Dentalium) : 97 (only recreational fishing allowed in 3:205; 4:19iF(in species list) Boundary Bay) :IB0:(403); 2:IB0:(287); 3:IB0:(339) (fishery Scarsbrook, J.R. conditions) 3:IBO:(319) (Babine Lake thermal structure) 2: 75, 148 (re absence of S. giganteus from log :(319) (Babine Lake midwater trawling for booming & storage grounds) underyearling sockeye salmon (Onoor : 83 (potentially harvestable populations) hynohus nerka)) :191 (in species list) 3: 67, 77 (S. giganteus found at Metlakatla Bar & Scaup Casey Point) greater (see Aythya marila) :204 (5. sp. (in species list)) lesser (see Aythya affinis) :204; 4:197 (S. giganteus (in species list)) 4: 76, 83 (S. giganteus abundance, harvest & Scavengers distribution in Stuart Channel) 299 (vulture) 5: 70 (estuarine habitat & abundance of 308 (gray jay) S. giganteus) 320, 323 (mammals; : 74 (commercial & recreational demand for S. giganteus) Schaefer, D.G. :167 (S. nuttalli (in species list)) 2:IB0:(264); 3:IB0:(316) (mean precipitation & snowfall maps for mountainous area Saxifraga ferruginea (rusty saxifrage) of potential urban development) 3:114 (salt resistance; habitat) 3:IB0:(316) (climatic fluctuations in Steveston, :232; 6:210 (in species list) B.C.)

Cpt'iapfpy* DQ Saxifraga punctata 6:210 (in species list) 1:IB0:(371) (record-breaking summer rainstorm over lower Fraser River valley) Saxifragaceae (saxifraga family) (see also Mitella; Parnas8ia; Saxifraga; Tellima; Tiarella; Schaeffer, V.B. Tolmiea) 1:IB0:(451) (outline for ecological life history 1:IB0:(433); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(367); 4:IB0:(298) studies of marine mammals) (of the Pacific northwest) :(451) (review of seals, sea lions & walruses) 6:210 (in species list) :(451) (Washington State whales & dolphins, with key to west coast of North American cetaceans) 229. Sci Sch

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX (Skeena River estuary study - Scheffer, T.H. 3:IB0:(3O3, 359 3:IB0:(378) (seals & sea lions of the northwest) biological report) :(378) (status of seals & sea lions on the :(303, 359 (letter to W.R. Hourston re Skeena northwest coast) estuary study re proposed port :(378) (food habits of the Pacific harbour development) seal, (Phooa riohardii)) IBO: 290, 316) (oyster condition factor measure ments) Scheuchzeria palustris 40, 57(264) (Kitimat Arm float studies re siting 6:205 (in species list) of pulp mill outfall) 41(263) (future development with respect to Schistostega pennata estuarine ecology) 3:226 (in species list) 72(266) (re juvenile salmon diet analysis) 74(266) (re fish feeding habits) Sohizobranchia (polychaete) 78, 82(269) (downstream enumeration & tagging 4:193 (S. insignis; S. nobilis (in species list)) project analysis) 145(286) (re installation of submarine effluent Sohizochytrium aggregatum (marine fungus) diffuser) 1:278 (in species list) 175 (continuing research) IB0:(269, 286) (re tainting of Kitimat River Sohizoporella unicornus (bryozoan) fish) 4: 77 (introduced to Ladysmith Harbour) :(283) (biological studies conducted in :IB0:(288) (Strait of Georgia introduction) Kitimat River estuary) Sohizothaerus capax (horse clam) Schubel, J.R. 1: 86, 97 (in Boundary Bay) 1:IB0:(351, 352) (estuarine environment)

Sohizothaerus nuttalli (horse clam) Schutz, D.C. 1: 86, 88, 97 (in Boundary Bay) 1:IBO:(425) (experimental feeding behaviour & : 91 (in Richmond Nature Park) interaction of coastal cutthroat & Dolly Varden) Sohizothaerus sp. 6: 78, 81(269) (brood stock availability re pro 2:191 (in species list) posed hatchery needs generally & chinook salmon specifically) Schmidt, C.H.G. :176(269) (continuing research) 1:295, 318(451) (mallard of Fraser River delta) 2:IB0:(319); 3:IB0:(378) (winter behaviour & Schwartz, M.L. ecology of the mallard (Anas 1:IB0:(366) (littoral' zone tidal cycle sedimenta platyrhynchos)) tion)

Schoenrank, R.V. Schwartzman, S.M. 3:IBO:(392) (tidal currents & volume transport at 5: 12(231) (classification of Nanaimo coal) Galloway Rapids) :IBO:(231) (analysis directory of Canadian coals)

Schofield, S.J. Sairpus aautus (viscid bulrush) 2:IB0:(260) (Britannia map area) 1:153 (seed, as food of birds)

Schofield, W.B. Sairpus amerioanus (three-square bulrush) (see also 1:IB0:(436) (checklist of Hepaticae & Anthocerotae Bulrush community) of B.C.) 1:131, 132, 135 (in cat-tail & bulrush communities :(436) (annotated checklist of B.C. mosses) of many islands of river's South :(436); 4:IBO:(300) (some common B.C. mosses) Arm) :135 (in ditches of lower delta) Schouwenburg, W.J. :153, 161 (seed, as food of birds) 3: 79(350) (economic importance of salmon fishery) 80(350) (migration of sockeye salmon fry) Sairpus aaespitosus (tufted clubrush) 81(350) (duration of pink salmon migration) 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) 81(350) (estuarine residence time of pink :232 (in species list) salmon) 82(350) (coho seaward migrations & estuarine Sairpus ayperinus (bulrush) residence times) 6: 95, 102 (habitat; species associations) 83(350) (estuarine residence time of Chinook & :203 (in species list) chum salmon) 84(350) (re steel head dynamics) Soirpus maritimus (bulrush) 87(350) (long-fin smelt (Spirinohus dilatus)) 4:108 (distribution in Chemainus estuary) dynami cs) :211 (in species list) 88(350) (estuarine species list) ;106(366) (Flora Bank re fish rearing) Soirpus miaroaarpus (small-fruited bulrush) :177(299) (interrelationships between fish species 1:286; 3:232; 6:203 (in species list) & their estuarine habits) 3:116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) ;IBO:(303, 359) (letter to Mr. J. Steele re 6: 95, 102 (habitat; species associations) Squamish/Prince Rupert harbour :102 (abundance) development) 230 Sci Sea

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Soirpus paludosus (prairie bulrush) Seouler's Willow (see Salix soouleriana) 1:132 (on islands & in marshes & mudflats of river's South Arm) Scrivener, J.C. :153 (seed, as food of birds) 1:IB0:(405) (bibliography of pandalid shrimps, emphasizing economically important Soirpus robustus (saltmarsh bulrush) species) 4:105 (Quamichan Lake habitat) 5:180 (in species list) Scrophulariaceae (figwort family) (see also Castill- eja; Collinsia; Euphrasis; Melampyrum; Mimulus; Soirpus sp. (bulrushes; sedges, unspecified) Pedioularis; Penstemon; Veronica) 1:132 (on many islands of river's South Arm) 6:210 (in species list) :144 (in Shady Island semi-salt marshes) :153, 160, 161 (seed, as food of birds) Sculpin 3:xxiv, 108 (habitat) Aleutian or coastrange (see Cottus aleutious) :108 (location; usage) Pacific staghorn (§ee_ Leptooottus armatus) prickly (see Cottus asper) Soirpus validus (American great bulrush; soft-stem saddleback (see Oligooottus rimensis) bulrush; round-stem bulrush) sharpnose (see Clinooottus acuti- 1:135, 142 (in lower delta ditches & bulrush oeps) community) slim (see Radulinu8 asprellus) : 153 (seed, as food of birds) spinyhead (see Dasyoottus setiger) 2:107 (as food & nesting site of ducks & marsh spotfin (see Iaelinus tenuis) bi rds) tadpole (see Psyohrolutes para :107 (abundance; distribution) doxus) :208; 3:232; 6:203 (in species list) 3:116 (sedge-water hemlock, marsh vegetation) Sculpins (unspecified) 6: 95, 102 (habitat; species associations) 1:113 (as food of white sturgeon) 116 (as predators & prey in Boundary Bay) Sciuridae (squirrels, chipmunks, marmots) (see also 163 (as food of mergansers) Eutamias3 Glauoomys3 Marmota, Tamiasciurus ) 166 (food of heron) 3:242; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) 98 (consume gobies)

Sooleoithrioella (calanoids) Scurvy Grass (see Cocklearia officinalis) 1:273 (S. minor (in species list)) 2:198 (S. sp. (in species list)) Scypha capillosa 2:186 (in species list) Scolopacidae (sandpipers) 4:120 (feeding habitats) Scyphozoa (jellyfish) 2:130 (food; effect on phytoplankton; trophic Sooloplos acmeoeps (polychaete) position) 3:201; 6:189 (in species list) :197; 4:189 (in species list) Sooloplos armiger (polychaete) Sea Anemones (see Anthopleuva) 3:201 (in species list) Sea Arrowgrass (see Triglochin maritimum) Soolopos pugettensis (polychaete) 3:201 (in species list) Sea Barley (see Hordeum brachyantherum) Scorpaeniohthys marmoratus (cabezon) Sea Bluebells (see Mertensia maritima) 3:217; 5:174 (in species list) Sea Cucumbers (see Holothuroidea) Scoter black (see Melanitta nigra) Sea Ducks (see Aythyinae) surf (see Melanitta perspicillata) white-winged (see Melanitta deglandi) Sea Island (see also Vancouver International Airport) 1: 2 (re estuarial area) Scott, G. : 11, 17 (sediment geology) 1:IBO:(480) (noise level effects on humans & :127 (nature & deposition activity of alluvial animals, re reopening Boundary Bay deposits re flora) airport) :129 (grass & forb community) :136 (vegetation abundance on foreshore; hay; Scott, P.F. vegetation re bird hazard at airport) 1:IBO:(480) (Vancouver Airport report on storm 156 (lesser snow geese usage of) drainage & sanitary sewerage systems) 170 (food habits of pheasants) 171 (field mice as main food of raptorial birds) Scott, W.B. 189 (suggested hunting permission) 5: 83(259) (ecological position of three-spine 327 (waterfowl census tables) stickleback) 328 (raptor birds 1970 census) IBO:(357) (soil mechanics) Soouleria aquatioa :(463) (access routes) 2:110 (Hygrohypneto-Sooulerietum ecosystem types) :206 (in species list) Sea Lettuce (see Viva sp.) 231. Sea Sec

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sea Lion Sebastes brevispinis (silvergray rockfish) California (see Zalophus californianus) 1:IB0:(428); 2:IB0:(303); 3:IB0:(363) (habitat) Stel1er or northern (see Eumetopias jubata) 3:217 (in species list) Sea Lyme-grass (see Elymus arenarius; E. mollis) Sebastes caenaematicus (shortraker rockfish) 3:217 (in species list) Sea milkwort (see Glaux maribna) Sebastes caurinus (copper rockfish) Sea Mustard (see Draba hyperborea) 3:218; 5:174 (in species list) Sea Otter (see Enhydra lutris) Sebastes crameri (blackmouth rockfish) 3:218 (in species list) Sea Plantain (see Plantago maritima) Sebastes diploroa (splitnose rockfish) Sea Purslane (see Honkenya peploides) 3:218 (in species list)

Sea Reach Sebastes elongatus (greenstripe rockfish) 1: 4, 11, 18 (geography) 3:218; 6:196 (in species list) : 18 (percent diversion of main river flow back into South Arm) Sebastes entomelas (widow rockfish) : 18, 19 (sediments) 3:218 (in species list)

Sea Rocket (see Cakile edentula) Sebastes flavidus (yellowtail rockfish) 3:218 (in species list) Sea Spurry (see Spergularia marina) Sebastes helvomaoulatus (rosethorn rockfish) Sea urchins (see Echinoidea) 3:218 (in species list) Sea-watch (see Angelica luaida) Sebastes maliger (qui 11 back rockfish) 1:277; 2:202; 3:218 (in species list) Seabirds 2: 86 (Britannia Beach resident) 2:119-121 (location; habitat; numbers; nesting sites; species diversity; seasonal Sebastes melanops (black rockfish) estuarine movements; dynamics; 3:218; 4:206 (in species list) sanctuaries) Sebastes paucispinis (bocaccio) Seabli te (see Suada maritima) 3:218 (in species list)

Seal Sebastes pinniger (orange rockfish) northern fur (see Callorhinus ursinus) 3:218 (in species list) Pacific harbour or hair (see Phoca vitulina riohavdi) Sebastes prorigev (redstripe rockfish) 3:218 (in species list) Sealy, S.G. 1:IBO:(451) (horned puffin occurrences & status Sebastes reedi (yellowmouth rockfish) in B.C.) 3:218 (in speices list) Searcher (see Bathymaster aignatus) Sebastes vuberrimus (red snapper) 2:202; 3:218 (in species list) Searlesia dira (gastropod) 2:189; 3:203; 4:195; 5:169 (in species list) Sebastes vubrivinctus (flag rockfish) 3:218 (in species list) Seashore Lupine (see Lipinus littoralis) Sebastes sp. (rockfish, unspecified) Seaside Heliotrope (see Heliotropium aurassaviaum) 3:IB0:(363) (maturity; spawning season; larval identification) Seaweeds (see also Algae; Eel grass; Marcophyta) 4:208; 6:196 (in species list) 1:291-292 (species list) 5:138 (habitat; location) :133; 6: 84, 87 (abundance) Sebastes (Sebastodes) (rockfishes) 6: 84, 87 (harvest) 1:277; 2:202 (in species list) : 89 (catch statistics) 2:159 (Britannia Beach inhabitants) Sebastes zaoentrus (sharpfin rockfish) Sebastes aleutianus (blackthroat rockfish) 3:218 (in species list) 3:217 (in species list) Sebastolobus alascanus (spinycheek rockfish) Sebastes alutus (Pacific Ocean perch) 3:218 (in species list) 1:IB0:(428); 2:IB0:(303); 3:IB0:(364) (stock status) Secter, J.P. 3:217 (in species list) 5:151(285) (estuarine importance to fish & :IBO:(342) (taxonomy; biology; fishery) wildlife resources) :(364) (study) Sed 232. Sed

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sedentaria (see also tubeworms) 1: 52-54 (river flow transport & discharge areas) 1:IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(334) (checklists) : 52-54, 230-232; 2:14, 16, 17 (types of) :(397); 2:IB0:(282); 3:IB0:(334) (west coast : 60 (hydraulic model re transport of, in estuary Canadian forms) waters) 2:188; 3:200; 4:192; 6:189 (in species list) : 70 (Strait of Georgia internal waves re transport 4: 74 (ecologically significant in Stuart Channel) of, along delta front) 5:IBO:(250) (general information) :127-128 (re flora) :225 (insolation heating of shallow-depth marine Sedge re tides & effect on benthic populations of) beaked see Carex rostrata) :228 (hydrogen sulphide & ammonia in, from decay large-headed see Carex macrocephala) of benthos, with eventual effect on ecology Lyngbye's (see Carex lyngbyei) & recreation) unspecified (see Carex sp.) :230-232 (effects on lower river food chains; yellow-fruited (see Carex flava) favoured by various benthic fauna & see Carex euryaarpa) sessile flora) see Carex lenticularis) :IB0:(347) (physical & biological interactions) see Carex microgloohin) (349) (re Lycodopsis pacifica) see Carex stipata) (354) (observation periods of sediment data see Rhynooho8pora alba) records at various localities from Hope to Port Mann) (355); 5:IB0:(231) (grain size) Sedge community (see also Carex; Cyperaceae) (355-369, 372-376) (bibliographies including) 1:131-132 (of Duck, Barber & Woodward islands & (356) (Wisconsin marine drift) river's lower South Arm; dominant (360); 2:IB0:(249, 251) (Fraser Valley) species is Carex lyngbyei; list of (360, 366); 3:IB0:(308) (intertidal zone) other typical vegetation) (365) (re dams) :142 (on islands & marshes of South Arm) (366); 2:IB0:(261); 3:IB0:(313) (with respect :IB0:(432); 2:IB0:(305); 3:IB0:(366) (growth; to littoral zone) quality) (367, 376); 2:IB0:(261, 268); 3:IB0:(320) 2:129 (re growth requirements; food chain importance) (Canadian surveys) :130 (root systems) (368) (correlations) 3:114 (in Skeena estuary) (375, 376) (programmes; data collection) b: 94 (physical location & requirements; species (380) (siltation studies) composition; dominance; habitat; alterations (483); 2:IB0:(277); 3:IB0:(388, 395); 4:IB0: & agricultural attempts) (317); 5:IB0:(283) (gas production; 6: 72 (amphipod populations) polluted areas) :xvn (delta front stability) Sediments (see also Erosion; Geology; Hydrology; :xvii 14-25(257); 3:IB0:(310); 4: 25, 26; 6: 12, Muds; Sand; Silt; Soils) 13, 14, 15 (distribution -sediment types; l:xvi, 12-29 (origin, amount & eventual deposition inshore-shallow water sediment; central of river's suspended load of; channel sediments; estuarine; in Chemainus geology of) salt marsh & tidal flats; in Cowichan Bay : xv, 15, 18, 21-26, 26-29, 53, 54(364); 2:xvii, & Satellite Channel) 20, 22, 24, 53, 58(249, 259, 273); 3: 55; 14, 16 (origin & identification of offshore- 4:IB0:(268); 5:143; 6:xxiv, 12,13,14,15,71 deepwater sediments) (deposition - re rate of estuary foreshore 14, 16, 18, 20, 21; 3: xx(331); 4: 25, 26, 27 seaward advance; in delta channel; re (268, 317); 5:IB0:(283); 6:IB0:(265, 287) tidal flat & salt marshes; environment; (composition of sediment -offshore-deep- re delta front advance; of silts & clays water; west channel; central channel; in the west channel marsh environment; sands & other located on western delta trends & rates; fine sediments; silt; front sector; silts, clays, etc. located minimal channel; locations; regional) on central & eastern delta front sector; : xv, 15, 26-29, 53, 54 (steepness of fore-slope) in polluted waters; in Chemainus salt : 11, 14, 20; 2: 15, 16 (mineralogy - estuarial; marsh & tidal flats; in Cowichan Bay & of delta sands) Satellite Channel) : 11, 14, 20(344, 362, 481); 2:IB0:(245, 255, 16, 17 (inshore-shallow water sediment origins) 257, 335, 338); 3:IB0:(303, 306, 310, 314, 23 (slumping re inherent instability of west & 393) (estuarine — mineralogy; sedimentation; central delta front slopes) organisms; distribution of; environment) 24 (increased sedimentation re dyking) : 13; 2: 15 (table of grain size ranges for 70, 76 (re invertebrate habitat) gravel, sand, silt & clay) 98 (with respect to vegetation) 17 (effect of seismicity on silt beds) 128 (re Squamish River turbidity plume) 18 (load) 130 (effect of dissolved solids) 21-26, 127-128, 151; 6:12, 13, 14, 15 (deposits 149 (re hydrogen sulphide production) - sand; nature of; from Point Grey to 155 (effect benthic organisms) international boundary; areas of intertidal 155 (in Woodfibre vicinity) deltaic, on Sturgeon & Roberts banks, 157 (stream flow & redistribution currents Boundary & Mud bays, estuarial islands & blamed for high copper & zinc ratios obtain Ladner marsh; regional) ed in Britannia mine vicinity) 24-26 (characteristics of Boundary Bay) 158 (iron concentrations & sources) 26 (re structural foundation conditions along 159 (nature of, at Britannia Beach) Roberts Bank, particularly south of Canoe 172 (alteration & instability) Pass) 174 (anoxic tendencies) 233. Sed Ser

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sediments (cont'd) Seiurus noveboraoensis (northern 2:IBO:(247) (with respect to marine life &water) waterthrush) :(249) (of Strait of Georgia) 3:240; 4:222; 6:216 (in species list) :(285); 5:IB0:(251) (re ecologically signifi cant infauna) Seki, H. 3: xx (channel margins; delta front & ocean basin 1:IB0:(479) (importance & general implications types & variations) of organic matter in aquatic : 13 (of Skeena River channels) environments) : 73; 6:xxviii, 152 (logging -condition in boom 5: 42(245) (productivity studies) ing areas; handling &storage) : 47, 93(245, 265) (Nanaimo estuary nutrient :153 (condition in fish production plant outfall sources) areas) : 92(265) (estuarine phytoplankton & primary :IBO:(295) (of estuarine environment) productivity) :(303) (effect on estuarine organisms) :IBO:(231, 254) (marine sediment decomposition :(310) (Skeena estuary transects) studies) :(331); 4:IB0:(317); 5:IB0:(283); 6:IB0:(265, :(254) (contribution of small river alloch- 287) (accumulation) thonous bacteria & organic materials 4: 25, 26 (origin in Chemainus salt marsh & tidal to a semi-enclosed sea) flats) : 27(268) (regional grain size variation in Selaginella oregona Cowichan Bay & Satellite Channel) 3:226 (in species list) : 73, 74 (Cowichan Bay, Satellite & Stuart Channel substrates & substrate-benthos relation Selaginopsis sp. ships) 2:186 (in species list) :IB0:(275); 5:IB0:(236) (re Canadian rivers) :(286) (Crofton substrates benthos surveys) Selasphorus rufus (rufous hummingbird) 5:xxiii (re Nanaimo delta) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:214 (in species :143 (riverine load; processes & effects re list) watershed logging) 6:108 (seasonal & peak abundance) :IB0:(231, 254) (marine decomposition) 6: 12, 13, 14, 15 (origins; age; significance) Selenium Compound : 16 (grain size analysis for Kitimat delta) 1:212 (as toxic constituent in effluents from : 41 (re pulp mill wastes) some industries) : 71(255, 263, 280) (re Kitimat Arm) Sellmer, H.W. Sedola, G.A. 3:IB0:(313) (geology & pedogenesis of the Serb 5: 3(224) (history of Nanaimo & its environs) Creek intrusive complex near Smithers, :IBO:(274) (past Nanaimo scenes) B.C.) Sedum voseum (red stonecrop) Selwyn, A.R.C. 3:114 (nitrogen tolerance; salt tolerance; habitat) 4: 13(271) (initial geological work in southeast :232 (in species list) Vancouver Island) 5:IB0:(231) (B.C. journal & report) Sedum spathulifolium (broad-leaved stonecrop) 4:214 (in species list) Semaeostomae (see Cyanea)

Seed, A. Semakula, S.N. 1:IB0:(451) (sea otter in northeastern Pacific 1:113(425) (biology of Fraser River white waters) sturgeon) :122(425) (exploitation of river white sturgeon) Seeds 1:153, 160, 161 (of Soirpus as food of birds) Semiahoo Bay :293, 300, 301, 305, 308-317 (as food of birds) 1:132 (eelgrass community) :320-322 (as food of mammals) :156 (aerial census of black brant)

Seelig, M.Y. Senecio sylvaticus (ragwort) 1:IBO:(469) (time present & time past: proposal 6:202 (in species list) for area conservation in Vancouver) Senecio triangularis (giant ragwort) Seismicity 3:232; 6:202 (in species list) 1: 16 (epicentres in Strait of Georgia region) : 17 (as suggested cause of Lulu Island swales) Senecio vulgaris (groundsel) :IB0:(364); 2:IB0:(259); 3:IB0:(311) (Canadian 1:286; 6:202 (in species list) :(369); 2:IB0:(262); 3:IB0:(314) (earthquake Sergestes similis (shrimp) related phenomena) 3:208 (in species list) 3:IB0:(312, 314) (earthquake effects) 6:IBO:(256) (refraction survey) Serpentine Fen 139 (waterfowl management) Seiurus aurocapillus (ovenbird) 155 (young Canada geese reared annually) 6:216 (in species list) 179 (use by schools for wildlife study) 189 (map showing area as wildfowl refuge) 234. Ser Sew

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Serpentine River Setophaga ruticilla (American redstart) 2 (re Mud Bay) 3:240; 6:216 (in species list) 11, 12 (geology) 14 (tidal flats) Sewage and sewage treatment plants (see also lona 14, 81 (as source of Boundary Bay sediments) Island; Oxygen, dissolved) 86 (cause of lack of crabs in Boundary Bay) l:xvii, 54-57, 59, 90, 97, 126, 205; 5:43 (re 116 (no major salmon runs in) coliform bacteria counts) 117 (some chum salmon runs in) :201, 339-341 (permits for discharge of domestic 125 (commercial trout farming unsuccessful effluents into waterways: effluent because of expense of water purification) amounts; biological oxygen demand, :140 (eelgrass in outwash channel) total suspended solids; chemical :189 (suggested improved facilities for sport residuals) fishing) :202-209(472) (management; reports on; treatment 205 (sewerage outfall) plants; nature of effluents; 233, 236(443) (lowlands a vital biological area) effects on algae, fish, shellfish IBO (374) (flooding! & recreation facilities) (462) (problems; proposals) :202-209, 213-215(472, 476); 4:IB0:(277, 317); (463) (conservation efforts] 5:40, 41, 42, 63, 152 (disposal -Greater Vancouver; system growth; currents Serpula (tubeworm) & tidal effects on; into river or 2: 77 (S. vermicularis abundance & west delta sea; solid waste, as landfill; habitat) studies; recommendations; facili :188; 4:198 (S. vermicularis (in species list)) ties installed; site requirements; methods; locations) Serpulidae (polychaetes) :205, 206-209 (chlorination of, & dechlorination 3:201 (in species list) of chlorinated) :228-229 (high biological oxygen demand effect re Sertularia tricuspidata transgressive food-chain benthos) 2:186 (in species list) :IBO:(366) (lona Island outfall) :(394, 479); 2:IB0:(333); 3:IB0:(391); 4:IB0: Servizi, J.A. (314) (ecological effects of) 1: 3(378) (map of Fraser River drainage system) :(472-480) (bibliography including) : 82, 126(378, 405, 430) (water quality & bottom- :(473); 2:IBO:(328); 3:IBO:(386) (trace metal dwelling organisms of Fraser River contaminants) system) :(473); 2:IB0:(328); 3:145, 147, 148(386); :108(425) (toxicity of Kraft pulpmill wastes & 5:136, 137(280); 6:131, 137 (treat chlorinated catechols to sockeye) ment -processes & problems; degree :108(425); 2:IB0:(301, 335); 3:IB0:(392) (effects of; facilities; historic & current of decaying bark on incubating sockeye potential; procedures & efficiency) eggs) :(475); 2:IB0:(330); 3:IB0:(389) (as water :108(425); 2:IB0:(301, 335); 3:IB0:(392) (heavy- pollutant) metal criteria for sockeye & pink :(477, 480) (Vancouver statistics) salmon) 2:141, 143 (permissible daily discharges) :108(425); 2:IB0:(301, 335); 3:IB0:(393) (toxic :143; 3:148; 4:146; 5:138, 152 (effects on ity & oxygen demands of decaying bark) receiving water quality) :108(425, 480) (effects of water quality & 3:145, 147, 148 (permissible daily discharges for pollutants on migration, spawning & Prince Rupert city & ferry terminal; fish hatching of sockeye) processing plants, Terrace, Smithers, :108(478); 3:IB0:(391) (toxicity of de-inking Hazelton, Granisle, Totem Marina, Skogland wastes containing salmon) Hotsprings Hotel & Resort; & Winck Memorial; :IB0:(421); 2:IB0:(298, 333); 3:IB0:(393) (toxic source & discharge locations; potential ity of copper to sockeye & pink salmon public health hazards) during early freshwater life) :148 (effects on resident flora & fauna) :(481) (preliminary survey of toxicity of :148 (nitrate, phosphate, suspended solids, total chlorinated sewage) organic carbon, oil & faecal coliform :(481); 3:IB0:(393) (detoxification of Kraft levels) pulpmill effluent by an aerated :149 (possible future problems) lagoon) :245-249; 3:255-257 (discharger's identification 2:154(325) (Kraft pulpmill effluent toxicity numbers; locations, amounts & comments with reduction) respect to river, estuarine & upstream :IBO:(301, 335) (toxicity & treatment of Kraft pollution sources) pulp bleach plant) :245-249; 3:255-257; 6:137 (effluent quality & :(301, 335); 3:IB0:(392) (toxicity of two characteristics) chlorinated catechols, possible IBO: [396) (Hazelton sewer installation) components of Kraft pulp mill 146 [shellfish quality re) bleach waste) 146, 232-235; 5:136, 137 138 (pollution -faecal; 3:IBO:(392) (treatment & toxicity of Kraft pulp regional sources of; levels in shellfish bleach waste) growing areas) :150; 5:152; 6:137, 166, 169 (environmental Setaria lutescens (yellow bristle grass) influences) 1:286 (in species list) :150; 5:IB0:(246, 282) ( re oceanography) ;IB0:(277, 317) (collection) 235, She Sew

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sewage and sewage treatment plants (cont'd) Shellfish (see also Bivalvia; Clam; Clams; Crab; 4:IB0:(281) (outfall designs incorporating Crabs; Gastropoda; Limpets; Mollusca; Mytilus; regional oceanography) Nassarius; Oyster; Oysters; Purpura; Scallop; 40, 41, 42 (post operational monitoring) Shrimp; Shrimps; etc.) 43 (sampling stations) l:xvii, 97, 208 (coliform bacteria pollution 136, 137(280) (historic & current outfalls; causing ban on commercial fishing off Point jurisdiction; policy; survey; recommenda Grey & Boundary Bay areas) tions; rationale; service areas; physical, : 98 (map of major beds & fisheries in estuary chemical & biological observations) areas) 136, 137(280); 6:137 (monitoring programs) : 99 (possible resource of delta tidal flats) 152 (trends; studies; results; expected life) :200 (as indicators of pathogenic bacteria in :154 (effects on shellfish harvesting) waters) 136 (original facilities & supporting rationale) :207 (sensitivity to chlorine residues in treated 137 (re Alcan & Eurocan) sewage effluents) :208, 209 (concentration of pathogenic organisms Sewell, W.R.D. by) 1:IB0:(374) (economic & institutional aspects of :264-265, 268, 271, 274 (in species list) adjustment to floods in lower Fraser Valley) Shepard, F.P. :(374) (water management & floods in Fraser 1: 14, 15(364) (geological evolution & sedimenta River basin) tion of Fraser River delta) : 28(364) (annual advance rate of delta front) Shad :IB0:(366); 2:IB0:(259) (sedimentation of delta) American (see Alosa sapidissima) Shepard, M.G. Shady Island (formerly Steveston Island) 167(441) (status of birds in Fraser River delta) 1: 83 (sparseness of marine life on shoals) 167(441) (raptorial birds of delta) : 91, 92 (importance of insects to economy) 169(441) (upland game birds of delta) :144-145 (formation from sand bar by material 169(441) (gallinaceous birds of delta) dredged from Cannery Channel; flora 170(441) (California quail near Point Roberts) species & succession) 317, 318(441) (birds of delta) IBO:(441) (checklist of Vancouver birds) Shand, J.A. 120(312) (seabird colonies in Howe Sound) 1: 70 (387) (internal waves in Strait of Georgia) Shepard, M.P. Shark 1: 99(406) (B.C. mollusc fisheries) basking (see Cetorhinus maximus) 100(406) (B.C. shrimp fisheries) blue (see Prionace glauaa) 105(409) (chinook salmon fishery of Fraser River salmon (see Lamna ditropis) & delta) sevengill (see Notorynchus maculatus) :106(409) (coho salmon spawning in river) sixgill (see Hexanchus griseus) :107(409) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye soupfin (see Galeorhinus zyopterus) salmon migration into & within river) :119(425) (review of sockeye fishery & canning Sharpfin Rockfish (see Sebastes zaaentrus) on river) :120(425) (pink salmon exploitation in river) Sharpnosed Sculpin (see Clinocottus acuticeps) :275-277(425) (list of fish species in lower estuary & Strait of Georgia) Shaw, L. :: 90(292) (ocean route of adult pink salmon 4:158(316); 5:134(282); 6:132(286) (legislation returning to river to spawn) controlling aspects of environmental : 93(290, 301); 4: 98, 99(291) (B.C. commercial pol 1uti on) fisheries) : 94(290, 292, 301) (history of Sqiiamish fisher Sheean, S. ies 1950-1962) 3:IBO:(319) (chemical & physical limnological 201(290, 301) (list of estuary fish species) observations for Babine & Great 81(344) (Lakelse River & pink salmon) Central Lake) 82(344) (Lakelse River & coho salmon) 82(344) (chum salmon abundance) Sheep 83(344) (chinook abundance & spawning locations) mountain (see Ovis sp.) 89(344) (sockeye salmon abundance) stone (see Ovis dalli stonei) 90(344) (peak catch seasons for pink, chum, thinhorn (see Ovis dalli) coho & chinook salmon) 1:183 (acreage used for farm production) 91(359) (Butterworth-Warrior Rocks trawl fishery) 92(359) (B.C. halibut fishery) Sheep Sorrel (see Rumex aoetosella) IBO:(359) (abundance, distribution & commercial application of the fishery resources Sheldon, R.W. of Canada's west coast) 5: 42(245) (productivity studies) : 92(265) (estuarine phytoplankton & primary Shepherd, B.G. production studies) 5: 87(260) (angler harvests & other recreational :IBO:(231, 254) (seasonal variations in food uses of Nanaimo watershed) availability for coastal benthos) She 236. Shr

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sheperd, P.E.K. 2:121 (numbers; mobility; distribution; seasonal 3:IB0:(374) (trumpeter swan in Alaska) species abundance & dominance) :121; 4:120; 5:106; 6:105 (species diversity) Shepherd's purse (see Capsella bursa-paatoris) :175 (in Mamquam Channel) :212 (in species list) Sheppard, A.T. 4:120 (nesting sites; range) 3:IB0:(384) (Port Simpson cannery, Kitson Island 5:106 (seasonal dynamics; abundance; sighting bulk loading development & Indian frequencies) housing) 6:106 (seasonal occurrence; relative & observed :(393) (re Department of Environment projects abundance) in Prince Rupert/Skeena area) Shortraker Rockfish (see Sebastes caenaematious) Sherk, J.A. 1:IB0:(352, 481); 2:IB0:(252, 335); 3:IB0:(303, Shortreed, K.R.S. 393) (effects of suspended & deposited 3:101(369) (freshwater phytoplankton of the Skeena sediments on estuarine organisms) drainage basin) 2:IBO:(252); 3:IBO:(303) (annotated bibliography re effects of suspended & Shrew deposited solids) bendi re (see Sorex bendirii bendirii) cinereous (see Sorex cinereus) Shih, C.T. dusky (see Sorex obscurus setosus) 5:IB0:(254) (Canadian marine zooplankton synopsis) navigator (see Sorex palustris) Trowbridge (see Sorex trowbridgii trowbridgii) Shiner wandering (see Sorex vagrans vagrans) redside (see Richardsonius balteatus) yellow (see Cymatogaster aggregata) Shrike loggerhead (see Lanius ludovicianus) Shiner Perch (see Cymatogaster aggregata) northern (see Lanius exoubitor)

Shipping facilities Shrimp 1:196-198 (navigation & dockage in estuary front black-tailed (see Crago nigricauda) & river arms) burrowing (see Callianassa; Upogebia) pandalid (see Pandalus) Shipworms (see Bankia) tidal pool (see Crago alaskensis; Crago franci8corum) Shirley, M. 1:IBO:(366) (deltas in the geological framework) Shrimps (unspecified) Shizoporella 1: 96 (larvae of brown in Sturgeon Bank zooplank 4:190 (S. sp; S. unicornis (in species list)) ton) • : 98 (map. of major fishing areas off estuary) Shoal Islands :274 (zooplankton larvae (in species list)) 4:xxiii, 22, 27, 67 (effects on Cowichan & :IB0:(398); 2:IB0:(283); 3:IB0:(335, 336); 4:IB0: Chemainus estuaries) (284) (surveys; growth; distribution; : 27 (location, classification, size & geomor- reproduction) phology) :(399); 2:IB0:(283, 284); 3:IB0:(336); 4:IB0: : 78 (effects of pulp mill effluent on intertidal (284) (prospecting) invertebrate abundance & distribution) :(399); 2: 82, 83(283, 284); 3:xxiii, 78(336); 4:IB0:(284) (fishery - B.C.; value of; Shoemaker, C.R. estuarine) 1:IB0:(406) (seven new amphipods from west coast 2: 81, 82 (larvae as food of fish) of North America, with notes on some : 82, 133 (history; economic importance of Howe Sound fishery) unusual species) :159 (Britannia Beach habitat) Shoop, C.I. 78 (processing; fleet size) 1:IBO:(345) (a brief on mariculture) 78; 6: 75, 76 (catch size) :152 (methods of capture; handling; production Shoots (of vegetation) methods; marketable products; waste 1:300, 301 (as food of pheasant & partridge) products - usage & disposal of) :IBO:(336) (sampling operations) Shore Pine (see Pinus contorta) :(341) (coastal exploration) 4:xxi, 82, 83 (Stuart Channel shrimping -loca Shorebirds (see also names of species) tions, methods, species, value & xvii (Fraser River estuary importance to) market) 154 (map of foreshore areas of importance to) 5: 74 (commercial trawling areas) 163-164 (estuarial species) 6: 75, 76 (size; conventional fishing methods; 167 (covered by Migratory Bird Convention Act) regional abundance) 168 (attract raptorial birds) 293-317 (food; etc.) Shrubs (see also names of species) 293-317; 3:119; 4:120; 6:105 (habitat - feeding; l.:287-288 (in species list) extent of) :323 (as food of deer) IB0:(439); 2:IB0:(310); 3:IB0:(370) (life history) :IBO:(430-438) (bibliography including) 237. Shr Sin

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Shrubs (cont'd) Silver, G.T. 1:IB0:(432) (B.C. varieties) 1:IBO:(352) (report on lower Fraser River & Strait 5: 16, 17 (habitats with respect to soil types) of Georgia) 6: 92, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102 (re location, 6: 65(267) (insecticide composition & application) classification, boundaries, composition : 68(267) (area of Saddleback Looper & Spruce & environmental influences) budworm infestation) : 69(267) (parasitic & viral plant diseases) Sialia ourrucoides (mountain bluebird) :IBO:(267) (chemical control of Ectropis crepus- 1:310 (habitat; food; etc.) cularia) 2:214, 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:215 (in species list] Silver Bur Sage (see Franseria chamissonis) Sialia mexicana (western bluebird) 4:221; 5:190 (in species list) Silver Green (see Adenocaulon bioolor)

Siberian Miner's Lettuce (see Claytonia sibirioa) Silver Ion 1: 90 (significant level in Sturgeon Bank Sibert, J. macrofauna) 1:IB0:(394) (food web of Squamish River estuary) :212 (elemental silver in metal-plating industry :(425) ; 2:IB0:(302); 3:IB0:(360) (model of effluents) juvenile pink salmon growth in the estuary) Silvergray Rockfish (see Sebastes brevispinis) 2:128(279) (estuary food web) 3:IB0:(374) (observations of a large unidentified Silverhope Creek marine animal in B.C. & adjacent 1:254 (sediment load & types, near Hope) waters) 5: 14(261) (re surficial deltaic sediments) Silverspotted Sculpin (see Blepsias oirrhosus) : 43(245) (re inner estuarine productivity & fisheries) Silverweed or Silverweed Cinquefoil (see Pontentilla 54(245) (inner estuary production variations) pacifica) 78(260) (local residency of juvenile salmon) IB0:(245] (Departure Bay water properties) Simeon, J. 4:IB0:(283) (Cowichan Valley natural history) Sicker Group 4: 17 (composition, location & relationship to Similium sp. (blackfly, unspecified) Vancouver Group) 6:187 (in species list)

Sidaloea hendersonii (marsh hollyhock) Simons, H.A. International Limited 1:286; 2:208 (in species list) 5: 42(245) (re monitoring Northumberland Channel 2:106 (in grass communities) water quality) :136(282) (Northumberland Channel water quality Sido orystallina (branchiopod) investigations re Harmac pulp mill 4:187 (in species list) population) 140(282) (effects of effluent diffuser) Siemens, A.H. 41(264) (re pulp mill outfall design) 1:181(352) (early history of settlement of Fraser 174 (information source) River delta agricultural lands) :184(352) (history of Vancouver re settlement of Simonsen, B.J. delta) 3:IB0:(303) (B.C. archaeological investigations in the Hecate Strait - Milbanke Sigalionidae (polychaete) Sound area) 5:IB0:(249) (Nanaimo species) Simple-stemmed Twisted Stalk (see Streptopus roseus) Sigmomorphina trilooularis 1:260 (in species list) Simulidae (blackflies) 1:266; 3:206; 4:187; 6:187 (in species list) Silicon compounds 1:149 (river as chief contributor of silicate to Sinclair, A.J. lower Strait of Georgia diatom requirements) 3: 79(313) (economic importance of Prince Rupert :212 (deleterious silicate detergents in effluents commercial fishery) from laundering establishments) : 84(313) (angling days re tidal sport fishing) :229 (increase with decline in dissolved oxygen) :250 (fumes from metallurgical plants as Sinclair, W.F. atmosphere pollutants) 1:120(425) (pink salmon contribution to total B.C. sport catch of salmon) Siliqua patula (razor clam) 2:IB0:(302) (B.C. sport fishermen) 2:IBO:(283) (growth; breeding) 3:IBO:(360) (conflicts between recreational resource users; non-Canadian parti Silt (see also Plume; Sediments) cipation in British Columbia & Yukon 1: 13 (grain size) regional fisheries) : 17 (earthquake-induced liquefaction of beds as :(384); 6:IBO:(270) (the socio-economic probable cause of crescent-shaped swales on importance of maintaining quality Lulu Island) recreational resources in northern :231 (good substrate for detritus-feeding infauna) B.C.) 238. Sin Ske

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sinclair, W.F. (cont'd) 3: xx-xxvi (report summary) 6: 87(270) (recreational importance of Kitimat River :xxiii, 184 (banks form nursery areas for many to Kitimat populace) fish species, (see also Flora Bank)) : 88(267) (re local annual sport fishing effort) :xxiv (located with the coastal western hemlock : 88(267) (revenue derived from residential sport biogeoclimatic zone) fishing) :xxv (re recreation usage, urbanization & :116(278) (recreational importance of Lakelse Lake) industrial development) :IB0:(262) (use & importance of Kitimat River to 1-6 (introduction) residents of Kitimat District) 2 (map of, re entire river drainage system) :(270) (re Lakelse Lake) 3; 6:IB0:(256) (map of) :(270) (socio-economic survey of northern B.C. 5 (extent & boundaries of, land use history, commercial fishermen) economic diversification, urban develop ment, industrial expansion & regional Single Delight (see Moneses uniflora) transportation modes) : 6, 173-184 (construction of Fairview Point Sinha, E. general cargo terminal & bulk 1:IBO:(481) (annotated bibliography on coastal/ loading facility proposal) estuarine pollution) : 7-16(302, 308, 309, 311, 312) (geology - study; regional; economic; deltaic; Sinophysis (dinoflagellate) reconnaissance report) 1:261 (S. ebrolium (in species list)) : 9 (physiography; origins; composition; topog raphy) Siphlonisoa sp. (small mayfly, unspecified) : 14 (map of sediment sample locations & 6:184 (in species list) continuous seismic profile track lines) : 17-27 (climatology) Siphonophora : 19 (map of, re climatogical stations) 2: 78 (observed in vicinity of Britannia Beach) : 28-38 (hydrology & water quality) :197 (in species list) : 39-63 (oceanography) : 41 (water flow patterns) Sipunculida (peanut worms) : 43 (tidal banks) 1:262 (marine forms (in species list)) : 44 (effects of river runoff) 4:200; 6:191 (in species list) : 44-51(319) (salinity) : 51 (boundaries) Siskin : 52, 53 (temperature) pine (see Spinus pinus ) : 53, 54 (turbidity) : 54, 55 (currents) Sisymbrium officinale (hedge mustard) : 55-58 (tides) 1:135 (in delta pasture land) : 59, 60 (navigation) : 59, 60 (charts & precautions necessary to navi Sitka Alder (see Alnus sinuata) gate successfully in the Skeena River estuary) Sitka Ash (see Sorbus sitchensis) : 60 (depths & navigation methods for Telegraph, Marcus & Inverness passage) Sitka Romanzoffia (see Romanzoffia sitchensis) : 60, 61 (re shifting sand banks & associated hazards) Sitka Sedge (see Carex sitchensis) : 62 (an atypical estuary) : 79-100(299, 350, 366) (fish - utilization) Sitka Spruce (see Picea sitchensis) : 86 (Butterworth-Warrior Rocks groundfish production & importance) Sitka Willow (see Salix sitchensis) : 88 (importance of estuarine species) : 92 (extent of smelt fishery) Sitta canadensis (red-breasted nuthatch) :101-116 (flora) 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) :105 (algal species diversity & abundance) 2:214; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) :117-128 (wildlife) :129-144 (land use) Sium suave (water parsnip) :145-172(298, 388) (pollution - sources) 1:286; 2:208; 3:232; 5:180 (in species list) :165 (boat launching areas) 2:106 (associated with Lyngbye's sedge) :173-183(303, 359) (proposed port development) 3:116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation) :180, 181 (bulk terminal site requirements; areas under consideration; individual site Skate advantages & disadvantages) big (see Raja binoculata) :181, 182 (information sources concerning longnose (see Raja rhina) physical, sociological, environmental, financial & research implications of Skeena River Estuary possible port sites) 3:frontispiece (aerial photograph of) :184 (estuarine food chain relationships; : i-xi (report table of: contents, figures, condition of flora & fauna) tables, appendices & abbreviations) :184-185 (conclusion) :xii-xvii (preface) :185 (recreational potential) :xvi (report's purpose) :187-274 (appendices; listed on pages vi-viii) :xix (acknowledgements) :275-292 (glossary; listed on page 276) : xx (drainage area, runoff flow rate & spring :IB0:(293-297) (bibliographies by topic; listed freshet) on page 294) 239. Ske Slo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Skeena River Estuary (cont'd) 2: xx (occur seasonallyin estuary) 3:IBQ:(295)(environment& sediments) :100 (springabundance) (303,359) (biologicalstudy) :205 (in species list) (310,312) (mining;sedimentsampling) (314, 317, 354); 6:IBO:(253)(general infor Skeletonema sp. (diatoms,unspecified) mation) 1:149 (in Straitof Georgiaphytoplankton) (337,347, 366)(productivity) 4:106; 5: 92 (bloom season) (356) (salmonfisherytrends) 5: 92 (abundance;bloom size) (358) (salmoninvestigation) (378) (land records;birds; mammals) Skoglund, R. (382) (powerinvestigations) 3:IB0:(313,384) (developmentof Terrace'sHot (398-418)(authorindex;listedon page 299) Springs) 4:IB0:(264,273, 398); 5:IB0:(234,273) (statusof environmentalknowledge) Skunk spotted (seeSpilogale gracilis latifrons) Skeena River System striped (seeMemphitis memphitis) 2:176 (re alternatesite of deep sea port) :IBO:(249)(re statusof environmentalknowledge) Skunk cabbage 3:xii, xxiii (re sockeye production,economics & yellow (seeLysiohitun americanum) resourcemanagement) : xx (dischargepattern,turbidity& suspended Slaney, F.F. and Company Limited particledeposition) 3: 9, 177 (303,313) (ecologicaleffectsof port : 1 (size; location;average flow rate; discharge development) pattern;estuarineislands& channels) 10(313)(bedrockgeologyof proposedportsites) : 26, 129 (drainagearea) 15(313)(estuarinesoil summary) : 28, 31 (salinityregime) 86(360)(upstreameulachonmigration) : 31, 32 (navigability) 103(368)(intertidalalgae (in general)of : 33 (pH, colour, turbidity& total dissolved Kitson& Ridleyislands) solid trends) 109(368)(vegetalcoverre proposedportsites) : 63 (entranceprotectedfrom oceanicwavesby) 110(368)(RidleyIsland-bog assemblage) : 70 (effecton estuarineinvertebrates) 111(368)(vegetationzonesof potentialbulk- : 79 (salmonproduction) loadingsites) : 85 (freshwaterspecies) :117(378)(wildlifeof proposedportsites) : 96 (suitabilityfor sportsfishery) :123(378)(mink(Mustela vison energumenos), :112(vegetationsurroundingdrainagebasinlakes) marten(Martes americana causina) and :129 (estuarinetopography;historyof river's Sitka deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitk- name) ensis)) :173 (future of) :124, 125(378)(killerwhales (Orcinus orca), :IB0:(296,311, 317, 345,358, 371) (LakelseLake) harbourporpoise(Phoooena (296, 315, 345) (climatology& sockeye phocoena), Dall'sporpoise production) (Phoooenoides dalli), northern (296,317, 345) (KitsumgallumLake) sea lions(Eumetopias jubata) (296,371, 345, 365, 371) (MoriceLake) & northern fur seals (Callorhinus [298,317, 337, 349, 366, 372)(BearLake; ursinus cynocephalus) sightedin upperSustutRiverlakes) estuary) (300) (prospects) :179(393)(portconstructionoutline& possible (301,319,355, 367, 375)(KitwangaLake) environmentaleffectsof each phase) (301,355) (MorrisonLake) 6:174 (informationsource) (303)(generalinformation) :176(continuingresearch) (305,317, 321,342,364, 365,369 (Babine Lake; Lac-Da-DahBasin lakes) Slaney, T.L. :(306) (archaeology) 1:IBO:(387)(tide& currentaspectsin Georgia :(318,338,389)(watershedassessment) Strait & BoundaryBay area)

Skeena Land Recording Division SlenderBentgrass(seeAgrostis aeouivalvis) 3:121(378)(ruffedgrouse(Bonasa umbellus) & willowptarmigan(Lagopus lagopus) SlenderBogOrchid(see Habenaria sacoata) populations& habitats) 122(378)(PorcherIslanddeer) SlenderCockscomb(see Anophlarchus insignis) IBO:(303,384)(informationre Skeenaregion) IB0:(257)(re Lakelse& Kitimatvalleys) Slender Sole (see Lyopsetta exilis) :(278)(publication) Slipp, J.W. Skelding, J. 1:IB0:(451)(WashingtonState whales & dolphins, 1:IB0:(383)(physical,chemical & biologicaldata, with key to west coast of North Strait of Georgia) America cetaceans) 5: 42(240,262) (productivitystudies) :1B0:(231,254) (marine sediment decomposition SlipskinSnailfish(seeLiparis fuoensis) observations) Slotta, L.S. Skeletonema aostatum (diatom) 1:IBO:(350)(estuariesof Pacificnorthwest) 1:150 (most heavilygrazed by zooplanktonin Straitof Georgianear FraserRivermouth) SloughSedge (see Carex obnupta) 240. Slu Smi

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Slugs (gastropoda) Smith, H.I. 91 (in Richmond Nature Park) 1:IB0:(366) (shell heaps of lower Fraser Valley) 165 (food of gulls) 3:IBO:(313) (coastal northern British Columbia & 326 (as food of snake) southern Alaska archeological remains] :(313) (kitchen middens of the Canadian Small Bedstraw (see Galium triflorum) Pacific coast)

Small Creeping Buttercup (see Ranunculus flammula) Smith, I.D. 1:IBO:(381) (detailed report on controls & indica Small Mayflies (see Baetidae) of the Fraser River model) 5:105(268) (status of Nanaimo estuary as an over Small Twisted Stalk (see Streptopus streptopoides) wintering habitat for swans) :IB0:(268) (native swans wintering on Vancouver Small-flower Alumroat (see Heuchera miorantha) Island)

Small-fruited Bulrush (see Soirpus miorocarpus) Smith, J.E. 1:IB0:(415) (Strait of Georgia trawl fishery & Smallmouth Bass (see Mioropterus dolomeri) investigation) 3: 91(349) (history of Butterworth-Warrior Rocks Smartweed trawl fishery) dotted or water (see Polygonium punctatum) :IBO:(360) (catch & effort statistics of B.C. trawl fishery) Smelt longfin (see Spirinchu8 thaleiohthys) Smith, J.H.G. silver or surf (see Hypomesus pretiosus) 6:160(285) (effects of fluoride on leaf tissue) -.160(285) (assessing air pollution effects with Smilacina raoemosa (false spikenard) respect to X-ray densitometry techni 3:232; 6:206 (in species list) ques)

Smilacina stellata (star-flowered Solomon's seal) Smith, M.S. 3:232; 6:206 (in species list) 3: 77(336) (Prince Rupert shrimp fishery) 6: 98 (species associations) :IB0:(364) (G.B. Reed groundfish cruise)

Smith, A.D. Smith, R.B. 3:IB0:(360) (annual report - Babine watershed 6:165(287) (hemlock dwarf mistletoe control) change program) Smith, R.I. Smith, D.H. 4:IB0:(290) (intertidal invertebrates of the 3:IB0:(345) (scale characteristics of sockeye central California coast) salmon (Onoorhynohus nerka) originat ing from Skeena River system nursery Smith, R.K. areas) 3:IB0:(313); 6:IB0:(258) (glacio-marine foramin- iferaof British Columbia and Smith, D.S. southern Alaska) 1:IBO:(436) (forest site types of Pacific northwest) :(313) (late glacial foraminifera from southeast Alaska & B.C. —a world Smith, H.D. wild northern latitude shallow water 3:IB0:(304) (annual report — Babine watershed province) change program) 6: 13(257) (possible origin of Lakelse Lake clays) :(319) (chemical analysis of Babine Lake) :(352) (summary on salmon counts & observa Smith, S.B. collected at Babine River 1:IBO:(426) (reproductive isolation in summer & counting fence) winter steel head trout races) :(360) (catalogues of salmon spawning grounds & tabulation of escapements in the Smith, T.F. Skeena River & Department of Fisheries 1:IBO:(367) (Canadian sediment surveys) Area 4) :(360) (appearance of Babine Lake sockeye Smith, V.Z. salmon stocks in north coast 5:IBO:(254) (Vancouver Island region ostracoda) commercial fishery as determined by taggings at Babine counting fence & Smith, W.E.T. travel rates through the Babine & 1: 16(364) (seismicity of Fraser River delta) Skeena River) 2:IB0:(259) (Canadian seismicity & micro earth :(361) (timing & migration rate of Babine quake research) sockeye stocks through the Skeena & Babine River) Smith, W.B. 5:IBO:(260) (distribution & abundance of juvenile 5:147(279); 6:153(280) (effect of stream channel salmon in estuary & harbour) ization on fish production) :(260, 276) (re wharf expansion & Nanaimo River & estuary salmon & trout) Smith, W.G. 1:302, 318(452) (birds of Fraser River delta regi on) :IBO:(444, 461) (proposal for conservation & *$

Smi 241 Soi

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Smith, W.G. (cont'd.) 6:IBO:(259) (measurements) management of lower Fraser Valley foreshore wildlife) Sodium Ion (see also Chloride ion; Salinity) 2:IB0:(319) (food habits of black turnstone, 1: 57, 59 (levels in estuary waters) Aluetian sandpiper & surf-bird populations wintering in southern Sodium Pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) B.C.) 2:150 (usage) :150 (effect on salmon) Smithora (algae) (see Smithora naidium) :150 (effect on general biota)

Smithora naiadium (algae) Soils (see also Agriculture; Bogs; Farming; Flats 1:291; 5:180 (in species list) tidal; Flora; Geology; Marshes, salt or tidal; Peat; Sediments; Vegetation) Smitta sp. 1: 11 (map of delta showing geological types of 6:186 (in species list) :127-128 (nature of sedimentary estuarial deposits re) Smoke :140-141 (of islands & marshes of river South Arm) 1: 44 (re atomspheric visibility) :IB0:(355-369); 2:IBO:(255-262); 3:IB0:(306-314); :246 (re air pollution) 4:IB0:(266, 272); 6:IB0:(255-258) (bibliography) Smoothhead Sculpin (see Artedius lateralis) :(356) (problems; sulphate extractions; nutrient levels) Snail (358] (Ladner Series) brown or white high spired (see_ Cerithium) (358] , 2:IB0:(256); 3:IB0:(307); 4: 28, 173- moon (see Polinioe8) 182; 5:xxiii, 15, 16, 17(226); 6:IB0: (229) (classification -Canadian; Snails, aquatic (gastropoda) (see also species regional) list reference list hereunder) :(360] (potassium content) 1: 83 (in river near Mission) :(361) (ion exchange properties) : 84 (in river near Steveston fish :(362) (Fraser Valley) processing plants) :(362); 4: 29 (Atterberg limits) : 91 (in Richmond Nature Park) :(363) (phosphorus distribution) :160, 165, 295 (as food of birds) :(365) (sodium exchange; Whatcom County survey) :164; 2:189; 3:211; 4:194; 5:169; 6:183 (in :(366) (manganese content) species list) :(368); 2:IB0:(262); 3:IB0:(314) (zonation) :321 (as food of raccoon) :(432); 2:IB0:(305); 3:IB0:(366) (with :326 (as food of snake) respect to Douglas fir region) :(473); 2:IBO:(328) (re timber harvesting) Snailfish 24 (factors influencing formation of) marbled (see Liparis dennyi) 25 (character, composition & distribution in ringtail (see Liparis rutteri) Squamish-Howe Sound region) showy (see Liparis pulchellus) :145 (exposure; problems re logging) ;IBO:(258) (Vancouver folisols; Howe Sound survey) Snake 15 (references) northwestern garter (see Thamnophis sirtalis) 16 (age; formation forces; types) Pacific gopher (see Pituophis catenifer) 16; 4: 28; 6: 18, 19 (composition) Puget garter (see Thamnophis ordinoides) 16; 5: 15, 16, 17; 6: 18, 19 (location) sharp-tailed (see Contia tenius) 16; 5: 15, 16, 17; 6: 18, 19 (distribution - unspecified (see Thamnophis sp.) spacial; altitudinal; general) wandering garter (see Thamnophis elegans :IB0:(297, 308) (investigation) vagrans) :(300, 310) (coastal western hemlock zone — ecology) Snipe Flies (see Rhagionidae) :(307) (Prince Rupert Harbour) :(308) (Port Simpson investigations) Snodgrass, J.M. :(365) (re plants; halomorphic fungi) 1:IBO:(481) (a possible means of monitoring 4: 21, 28 (parent materials of) marine environment pollution) : 28 (origins, arability & agricultural desirability) Snowberry (see Symphoricarpos albus) : 28; 6: 18, 19 (drainage characteristics) : 29 (grain size; moisture content of; with Snowfall respect to Cowichan River dyke construction) 1: 36-37; 2: 27 (average annual* on estuary) 29(269); 5:IB0:(228) (profiles) 2: 27 (average number of days with) 113 (swamp type & flora supported) : 30 (records & means) 173-182 (physical & chemical data) :IBO:(244) (mean annual, at Airport, 1937-1974) IBO:(267) (Vancouver Island surveys) :(264); 3:IB0:(316) (maps) :(269); 5:xxiii, 16, 17; 6: 4 (agricultural 3:IB0:(372) (re ungulate abundance) suitability) 4: 31 (Cowichan & Chemainus average & extremes of) :(269); 5: 15, 17(228) (associated vegetation) :IB0:(275); 5:IB0:(233, 236); 6:IB0:(259) :(269); 5:IB0:(228) (chemical characteristics) (bulletin) :(271) (general information) 6: 20 (trends; distribution) :(272) (Cowichan Valley) :25, 26 (with respect to elevation, location & topography; days with;.annual averages, maximums, minimums & variations) Soi 242, Sor

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Soils (cont'd) 6:136 (chemical composition changes; duration; 5:100 (moisturecontent — importance within influential factors) Douglas fir zone) :149 (condition re mill activities) Solitaire 6: 18, 19 (associations; stratification; dominance Townsend's (see Myadestes townsendi) & vegetation characteristics of regional soil types) Solvents, hydrocarbon :IB0:(255) (Bulletin Area No. 8) 1:250 (amounts released from drycleaning & paint industries, as atmosphere pollutants) Solamen sp. (bivalve, unspecified) 3:204 (in species list) Somenos Solanum dulcamara (bittersweet nightshade) 4:132 (agricultural importance) 1:286 (in species list) Sonchu8 arvensis (perennial sow thistle) Solanum tuberosum (potato) 2:106 (in grass communities) 1:135 (in delta; for market) :208; 5:181 (in species list) :183 (acreages used for) Sonohus asper (common sow thistle) Solaster (starfish) 1:286 (in species list) 2:195; 4:202 (S. dawsoni (in species list)) Sonchus oleraceus (sow thistle) 4:202 (S. stimpsoni (in species list)) 1:286; 5:182 (in species list) Solaster endeoa (starfish) Sopper, W.E. 2:195 (in species list) 1:IB0:(481); 3:IB0:(393) (recycling treated municipal wastewater & sludge Sole through forest & cropland) butter (see Isopsetta isolepis) 2:150(336) (hydrogen sulphide & methane production Dover (see MiQrostomus pacifious) diagram) English or lemon (see Parophrus vetulus) (mountain ash) flathead (see Hippoglossoides elasso- Sorbus acuparia don) 1:289; 6:209 (in species list) petrale (see Eopsetta jordani) 3:113 (successional forest component) rex (see Glyptocephalus zachirus) (Sitka ash) rock (see Lepidopsetta bilineata) Sorbus sitchensis 1:289; 3:235 (in species list) sand (see Psettichthys melano- stictus) 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone slender (see Lyopsetta exilis) vegetation) yel1owfi n (see Limanda aspera) :116 (shrub-forb community component) Sorensen, J.C. Solen sicarius (bivalve) 1:IBO:(352) (framework for identification & control 2:191; 3:204; 5:167 (in species list) of resource degradation & conflict in coastal zone multiple use) Solidago canadensis (goldenrod) 1:286; 5:182 (in species list) Sorex bendirii bendirii (bendire shrew) 1:319 (habitat; food; occurrence) Solidago sp. (goldenrod, unspecified) 1:145 (in Boundary Bay) Sorex cinereus (cinereous shrew) 2:216; 3:241 (in species list) Solids, suspended (see Pollution headings; Sediments; Sewage; Solids, total suspended; Turbidity; Sorex obsourus setosus (dusky shrew) Waste disposal) 2:216; 5:191 (in species list) 5:111 (estuarine inhabitant) Solids, total suspended (T.S.S.) (see also Sediments) 1:329-341 (maximum allowed levels re permits for Sorex palustris (navigator shrew) discharge of effluents from various 2:216; 3:242; 4:223 (in species list) sources) 4:124 (residential status) :IBO:(352); 2:IBO:(252) (biotic effects) :(373) (re Fraser River) Sorex sp. (shrew, unspecified) :(479); 2:IB0:(333); 3:IB0:(391) (implications 3:122 (inhabit Skeena region) re aquatic environments) 2:152 (component in pulp mill effluent) Sorex trowbridgii trowbridgii (Trowbridge shrew) :153 (re waste "white water", effects of pulp 1:319 (habitat; food) mill effluent re) :220-223 (re estuarine effluent sources) Sorex vagrans vagrans (wandering shrew) :IB0:(266) (with respect to Squamish) 1:319 (food; occurrence) 3:170 (re turbidity, photosynthesis, light :319; 6:109 (habitat) penetration, benthos & fish) 2:216; 3:242; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) 5:137 (levels in Five Finger Island outfall 4:124 (residential status) vicinity) 5:111 (estuarine inhabitant) :143 (riverine levels with respect to watershed 6:109 (abundance) logging & invertebrate productivity) :IB0:(245, 254, 265) (vertical distribution) Soricidae (shrew family) 6:134(280) (re Kitimat River) 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) 243. Sor Sou

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sorrel 4:IB0:(309); 5:121(277); 6:129(278) (agriculture) sheep (see Rumex acetocella) :(312) (ocean dumping control act) (see Rumex oonglomeratus) 5: 15 (re Nanaimo soils) : 28 (re atmospheric pressure, vapor pressure, Soupfin Shark (see Galeorhinus zyopterus) hours with sunshine, cloud cover & visibility) Sources of Information (see also names of authors : 44, 45 (re hydrographic charts) and the bibliographies! : 68 (re Nanaimo region terrestrial, freshwater 1: 7 (for Fraser River Estuary Report) & marine invertebrates) :IB0:(346, 348, 349, 352, 377, 462) (re Fraser : 71, 72 (re marine life) River estuary) : 75 (re estuarine residency, distribution, growth, (349) (estuarine ecology) mortality, physical parameters, invertebrates (350) (deltas) & primary production with respect to Nanaimo (351, 353) (re estuaries) River salmonids) (354, 355) (B.C. Parks Branch; Canada Centre : 89 (re steel head biology) for Remote Sensing; : 91, 93; 6: 91, 92, 96 (flora -intertidal; Vancouver Regional District deltaic) Librarian; aerial photographs; : 92 (re phytoplankton—estuarine productivity B.C. Department of Lands, Forests & nutrient distribution) and Water Resources) : 98 (re terrestrial vegetation) (366) (re B.C. soils) :101 (re plant species; forest cover & types; (369) (Atmospheric Environment Service) timber volumes; watershed information; (385, 386) (Strait of Georgia) logging rights) (396) (mollusca) 102 (estuarine abundance & distribution of birds) (400) (re B.C. copepoda) 110 (re passeriformes) (402) (re invertebrates; Cancer magister) 111 (re regional elk status & condition) (467) (re University of British Columbia 115 (re Nanaimo economy, living styles & civic endowment lands) government) :(477); 2:IB0:(332); 4:145, 149(309); 5:150: 118 (re land & water use patterns) (260, 276, 277) (pollution - sources; 119 (re forestry) sewage; atmospheric) 128 (re land use leases) :(480); 2:IB0:(335); 3:IB0:(392) (shellfish 129 (re Nanaimo water supply system) toxicity records) 130, 131 (re Nanaimo Regional District sewage 2:IB0:(253); 3:IB0:(305) (re land capability) facilities) (258) (re coast & adjacent islands) 131 (re parks) (268) (re surface water data) 132, 133 (re recreational boating) (273) (re oceanography) 134 (re environmental emergencies) (277) (re Howe Sound) 134, 136 (re water quality of Nanaimo River & (324); 3:IB0:(382) (B.C. scenic resources) contiguous waters) 3:187-188(353, 383, 384) (for Skeena River estuary :151 (re port expansion) report) :207-208(270) (statistical data available from :IBO:(305) (vegetation; ecology; recreation; government agencies) general topics) :IB0:(235) (re climatology) :(305); 4:115; 6:103 (re wildlife) 271) (B.C. Map & Air Photo Catalogue) :(305); 6: 9, 10 (geology - soils; surficial; (277, 278) (publications, catalogues & files) re Kitimat map area) (280); 6:IBO:(282) (stream channelization) (307); 6:IBO:(256) (re Whitesail Lake) 14 (re marine clay) (314) (Nechako River) 18 (with respect to regional soils) (346); 4: 99; 5: 87 (fishing - sport; 35 (re Kitimat River gauging stations) commercial; freshwater sport) 40 (re Kitimat River estuary oceanography) (351) (biological) 112, 113 (re Nechako-Kemano-Kitimat Project, (353, 357) (re Prudhomme Lake) Kitimat Townsite & regional land & (357) (re Rainbow Lake) water usage) 6, 134 (re Cowichan-Chemainus history) 116, 118 (re regional recreation potential) 57, 114 (re Saanich Inlet) 126 (concerning Kitimat port potential) 78, 79 (estuarine benthos & intertidal life) 127, 151 (re forest products industry) 92 (chinook salmon migrations) 128 (re annual logging activities) 123; 5:110; 6:109 (mammal -distribution; 129, 130 (re municipal utilities) abundance; general information re) 134 (re water quality) 141, 142 (Cowichan estuary development) 143 (re Alcan's effluent monitoring program) 145, 150 (re environmental effects) 157 (re ambient air monitoring program) :150 (pulp mill effluents) 161 (re smelter emissions quality & environ 165-166; 5:127; 6:172, 174 (available from mental effects study) private agencies) :178 (re metric measurements) 165-166, 245, 246; 5:127; 6:172, 174 (available :IBO:(259, 277) (re Prince Rupert-Smithers from government agencies) Bulletin Area) :IB0:(265) (science) :(284) (re environmental quality) :(265); 5:IB0:(277) (geography) :(287) (re Pacific region—current & histori :(309); 5:IB0:(260, 276, 277); 6:IB0:(278, cal dumping sites) 279, 286) (population) :(309); 5:IB0:(277); 6:IB0:(278) (demography; South R.G. housing; employment; shipping) 5:IB0:(265) (Gabriola Island intertidal marine algae) 244. Sou Spe

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

South Arm (Main Channel)of EstuarialFraser River k 71(290)(troutstomachcontents) 1: 4, 11, 18 (geography) : 87(295)(movementsof coho grilse) : 18 (percentof main river flow) : 90(295)(chum fry migrations) : 18, 19 (sedimentload) : 92(295)(migrationtiming& early lifeof : 19, 193,198 (dredging) Cowichan River chinook salmon) : 22 (jettyeffect on sedimentation) :102(295)(originof fish caughtin the Strait : 49, 253 (streamflow) of Georgiasport fishery) : 54-59 (waterquality) : 55 (organiccontentof water) Sparrow : 79 (intrusionof saltwedge into) chipping (seeSpizella passerina) :107,137 (chief entrance for sockeyesalmon fox (see Pasaerella iliaca) into river) golden-crowned (see Zonotrichia atricapilla) :126,205 (coliformbacterialevels) Harris see Zonotrichia querula) :131,140, 141(435,466) (flora& soilsof islands house see Pa88er domesticus & marshes) dome8ticus) :137,193, 194, 198 (depthof main & subsidiary Kodiak savannah (see Passerculus sandwichensis channels re industrialtraffic) anthinus) :193,198 (waterfrontmanagementauthorities; Lincoln's (see Melospiza lincolnii) waterfrontavailability) Nuttall (see Zonotrichia nuttalli) :205-206(sewagedisposalinto;model for rusty song (see_Melospiza melodia morphna) coliformbacteria count levels) savannah (seePasserculus sandwichensis) song (see Melospiza melodia) South Surrey Planning Committee tree (seeSpizella arborea) 1:IBO:(469)(southSurreystudy) vesper (seePooecetes gramineuB) white-crowned (see Zonotrichia leucophrys) Souther, J.G. white-throated (see Zonotrichia albicollis) 3: 7(308)(geologicalcharacteristicsof the Yakutat song (see Melospiza melodia caurina) Skeenaregion) : 13(308)(geologicoriginof SkeenaRiver Spawning(see also Migration) channel rocks) 1:103 (pink salmon) :IBO:(313)(northern Canadian Cordillera volcanic 104, 105 (chum salmon) rocks) 105 (chinook salmon) 6: 8(256)(pre-glacialrivercourses) 106 (coho salmon) : 9(256)(re general& economicregional 107, 108 (sockeyesalmon) geology) 109 (longfinsmelt) : 10(256)(geologicalagedeterminationutilizing 110 (surf smelt, cutthroat& steelheadtrout) fossils) 111 (Pacific& river lamprey) : 11(256)(geologicalformationsin Kitimatarea) 112 (Americanshad) : 12(256)(exposedestuarineclays) 113 (whitesturgeon) : 13(256)(proposedoriginof clays(seealso 117 (eelgrassbeds for sandlance& herring) 12(256)) : 17(256)(outwash& streamdepositedsand & Spearscale(see Atriplex patula) gravel beds) :116(278)(temperatureof LakelseHot Springs) SPEC Nanaimo :IB0:(258)(graniticrocksin Terracemap-area) 5:151(285)(estuarineimportanceto fish & :(258)(coastrangeproject) wildlife resources) :IB0:(276)(re proposedNanaimoHarbour Spagnoli, J.J. extensionplan) 1:IB0:(352)(What'shappeningto our saltwater marshes) Specaria josinae (oligochaete) 6:183 (in specieslist) SpanishBanks(seealso PointGrey) 1: 24 (stabilityof tidalflats& cliffs) Species Lists : 72 (movementof NorthArmriverwaterpast, 1:258-269;2:186-196; 3:198-210;5:166-171 (benth- into Burrard Inlet) ic/terrestrialinvertebrates) : 85 (Orohestoida amphipodabundance) :270-274;2:197-200;3:211-213(zooplanktonic :202 (sewagepump station) invertebrates) :275-277; 2:201-202; 3:215-218; 4:206-208; 5:173- Sparganium angustifolium (bur reed) 174; 6:195-196 (fishes) 3:108 (in lower river mud flats) :278(fungi) :108;6:102 (habitat) :279; 2:206-207; 3:223-233; 4:211-214; 5:182-183 :232;6:210 (in specieslist) (mosses; lichens; ferns) 6:102 (speciesassociations) :280; 2:207; 4:212-214; 5:180-183 (herbaceous plants) Sparganium emersum :287-288; 2:208-209; 3:233-234; 4:214-215; 5:183, 3:232 (in specieslist) 184 (shrubs) :288-289; 2:208-209; 3:234-235; 4:215; 5:183-184 Sparganium minimum (trees) 3:232 (in specieslist) :290-291; 2:205; 5:179-180 (diatoms) :291-292;2:206; 3:219-223;4:211; 5:179 (benthic Sparrow, R.A.H. marcophytes& algae) 4: 56(280)(withrespectto temperature;salinity & surface current observations) 245 Spe Sph

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Species lists (cont'd) Sphaerotilus (see Bacteria] 1:293-318, 327; 2:210-216; 3:236-241; 4:216-223; 5:185-191; 6:212-217 (birds) Sphaganiaceae (bur-reed family) (see also Sparganium) :319-323; 2:216-218; 3:241-244; 4:223-225; 5:191- 6:210 (in species list) 193; 6:217-218 (mammals) :324-325; 2:219; 3:244; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 Sphagnaceae (moss family) (see also Sphagnum) (amphibians) 6:210 (in species list) :326; 2:219; 3:244; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (reptiles) 4:185-188; 5:183-187 (freshwater invertebrates) Sphagnum (moss bogs) .•189-202; 5:190-191 (marine invertebrates) 1: 82 (freshwater life of Richmond) 6:200-211 (flora) :142 (vegetation in) :IB0:(434) (usage of) Speedwell (see Veronica ameriaana) 3:115 (of Skeena region muskeg areas) 6: 99, 101 (community positions; species associa Speer, R.C. tions) 4:IBO:(269) (profile & chemical characteristics of fertilized soils) Sphagnum capillaoeum 3:226 (in species list) Spence and Brown Consultant Geologists 1:IBO:(367) (Point Grey erosion control) Sphagnum compaotum 3:226 (in species list) Spence, R.A. 1:IBO:(361) (engineering properties of marine clay Sphagnum fimbriatum at Port Mann, Fraser delta) 3:226 (in species list)

Speotyto cunicularia (burrowing owl) Sphagnum fuscum 1:306 (habitat; food; etc.) 3:226 (in species list) 4:220 (in species list) Sphagnum imbricatum Spergula (see Spergula arvensis) 3:226 (in species list) Spergula arvensis (corn spurry) Sphagnum magellanicum 4:214; 6:201 (in species list) 3:226 (in species list) Spergularia marina (sea spurry) Sphagnum palustre 3:114 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone; 3:226 (in species list) headland vegetation) :115 (upper intertidal flora) Sphagnum papillosum :232; 6:201 (in species list) 3:226 (in species list) 6: 94 (habitat; species associations) Sphagnum recurvum Spergularia sp. 3:226 (in species list) 1:286 (in species list) Sphagnum robustum Sperry, C.C. 3:226 (in species list) 3:IBO:(378) (food habits of the Pacific harbour seal, (Phoca richardii)) Sphagnum rubellum 3:226 (in species list) Sphaeraloea glossulariaefolia (globe mallow) 1:286 (in species list) Sphagnum sp. (sphagnum, unspecified) 6:210 (in species list) Sphaeridae sp. (bivalve, unspecified) 6:183 (in species list) Sphagnum squarrosum 3:226 (in species list) Sphaerium sp. (bivalve, unspecified) 3:204; 4:186 (in species list) Sphagnum tenellum 3:226 (in species list) Sphaerooy8tis sohroeteri (green algae) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) Sphagnum teres 3:226 (in species list) Sphaerodoropsis sphaerulifer (polychaete) 3:200 (in species list) Sphagnum warnstorfii 3:226 (in species list) Sphaerodorum minuta (errant polychaete) 6:189 (in species list) Sphaltium sp. (bivalve, unspecified) 6:183 (in species list) Sphaerodorum papillifer (polychaete) 3:200 (in species list) Sphyrapicus varius (yellow-bellied sapsucker) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) Sphaerosyllis sp. (polychaete, unspecified) 4:220; 5:189; 6:214 (in species list) 3:200 (in species list) 246, Spo Sph

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Sphyrapicus varius ruber (red-breasted sapsucker) Spiranthes romanzoffiana (ladies tresses) 2:213 (Sphyrapicus varius ruber related to 6:101 (community position; species associations) yellow-bellied sapsucker) :207 (in species list) :213; 3:239 (in species list) 3:121 (characteristic habitat) Spirinohus thaleichthys (longfin smelt) 1:102, 109-110 (migratory habits re Fraser River Spider Crabs (see Pugettia) estuary; feed in fresh water) :102; 109-110; 3: 87; 4: 97 (spawning habitat) Spiders (see also Arachnida) :114 (use of estuarial zone for migration salinity 3:205 (in species list) transition) :116 (as food of dogfish) Spike Rush (see Eleooharis palustris) :123 (no sport or commercial catches in lower Fraser River) Spilsbury, R.H. :163 (predation by mergansers) 1:IBO:(362) (soil survey of lower Fraser Valley) :IBO:(414) (ecology; life history) :(436); 2:IBO:(309) (forest site types of 3: 87 (juvenile residence in estuary) the Pacific northwest) : 92 (local use of fishing methods) 5: 98(263) (Vancouver Island east coast forest :218; 4:206 (in species list) associations) 4: 97 (estuarine inhabitance; fry emergence; estuarine residence) Spilogale gracilis latifrons (spotted skunk) 1:323 (habitat; food) Spirodela polyrhiza (duckweed) 2:218 (in species list) 1:135 (in ditches of lower delta)

Spinulosa (see Crossaster; Henricia; Pteraster; Spirogyra sp. (green alga, unspecified) Solaster) 1:146 (in Sturgeon Banks upper marsh tidal pools) 2:101, 102 (re central zone location, blooms & Spinus spinus (pine siskin) distribution) 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) :103 (floristic indicator of low salinities) 2:215; 3:241; 4:222; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list] :206 (in species list) Spinus tristis (American goldfinch) Spirontocaris brevirostris 1:316 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:192 (in species list) 2:215; 4:222; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) Spirontocaris sp. (decapod, unspecified) Spiny Lumpsucker (see Eumicrotremis orbis) 4:199 (in species list)

Spinycheek Rockfish (see Sebastolobus alasanus) Spiroplectammina biformis 1:258 (in species list) Spiny-nosed Sculpin (see Radulinus taylori) Spirorbis (polychaete) Spiny Wood-fern (see Dryopteris austriaca) 2:188; 4:193 (s. sp. (in species list)) Spio cirrifera (polychaete) Spizella arborea (tree sparrow) 3:201 (in species list) 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) 4:222; 6:217 (in species list) Spio filicornis paaifioa (polychaete) 4:193 (in species list) Spizella passerina (chipping sparrow) 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) Spioahaetopterus costarum (polychaete) 2:216; 3:241; 4:222; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) 3:202 (in species list) Splake Spionid sp. 2: 85 (in associated tributaries) 2:188 (in species list) :202 (in species list) Spionidae (polychaetes) Spleenwort (see Asplenium trichomanes) 1:IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(334); 5:IB0:(250) (west coast Canadian forms) Splitnose Rockfish (see Sebastes diploroa) 3:202 (in species list) 4: 74 (substrate preferences; habitat; abundance) Sponges (see Porifera) 5:IBO:(249) (Nanaimo species) Spongilla sp. Spiophanes berkeleyorum (polychaete) 3: 64 (occasionally found in Lakelse Lake) 3:202 (in species list) :198; 4:185 (in species list) Spiraea douglasii (meadowsweet hardhack) Spongomorpha coalita (green alga) 1:131 (in woodland) 3:220 (in species list) 3:234; 5:184; 6:209 (in species list) 6:102 (habitat; dominance; community position) Spongomorpha saxatilis (green alga) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) Spiraea sp. (hardhack, unspecified) :220 (in species list) 4:215 (in species list) 247. Spo Squ

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sporns, U. Squamish River Estuary, Channels and Tributaries 1:IBO:(371) (occurrence, frequency & severity of (see Squamish River System) lower Fraser River storms) Squamish River Estuary and Delta Sport Fishing (see Fishing, recreational) 1:294; 2:IB0:(265, 279, 304) (food web -estuarine; components) Sport Fishing Institute 2:frontispiece (aerial photograph of) 1:IBO:(394) (symposium on biological significance : i-ix (report table of contents; figures & of estuaries) tables; appendices &abbreviations lists) x-xv (preface) Sprague, J.B. :xvii-xxii (report summary) 1:225(394) (marine crustaceans wide variety of 1 (geography & dynamics) temperature tolerances) 2 (map of, re entire river drainage system) 2:154(336) (toxic components of bleached Kraft 2-18, 19, 20-25(255); 2:IB0:(340) (geology - mill effluent) channel; maps) 3:IB0:(393) (different toxic mechanisms in Kraft 3 (map of, re estuary & delta study area) mill effluent for two aquatic animals) 4, 5, 135, 136, 170-173, 174, 175-177(246, 247, 251, 253, 265, 266, 271, 284, 287, 294, 308, Sprawl, urban (see Urban development) 321, 322, 323, 325, 326, 336, 337)(development -effects on surrounding environment; propos Spray als; existing & proposed industrial; suit ocean (see Holodisous discolor) ability; proposed estuarine; port; regional) 11 (map of major Howe Sound geological features) Spreading Juniper (see Juniperus communis) 22(254, 268) (flow -data; direction of) 26-37(263) (climatology) Spring Beauty 38-46 (hydrology) stream-bank (see_ Montia parviflora) 38-46; 2:IB0:(267) (water quality) unspecified (see Montia sp.) 47-65(253, 272) (oceanography - general; western (see Montia sibirica) physical characteristics) 64 (natural biotic ecosystem) Spring Stonefly (see Nemouridae) 64, 84-97, 173(285, 331); 2:IB0:(291, 388) (fish -species; kills; re estuarine Sprout, P.N. importance & usage) 1:128(366) (fluctuating water table mottles soil 66-83 (invertebrate biology) of some Fraser River delta dyked 98-111 (flora) areas with iron stains) :112 (habitat types) :141(363, 434) (soil types of Langley Municipal :112-127(315) (wildlife) ity & Barnston Island) :128-130 (food chains) :141(366, 436) (soil survey of Delta Municipality) :131-140(255) (land use) :IB0:(366) (soil survey of Surrey Municipality) ;135 (expansion expectations) :135(321) (channel modifications) Spruce Budworm (see Choristoneura orae) 139 (detailed landscape inventory & classifi cation needed) Spruce :141-169(332, 334) (pollution - permits, Si tka (see Piaea sitchensis) applications) :171 (sensitive environment) Sprunt, A. :171, 172 (alteration of physiography; regional 1:299-306, 318 (birds of Fraser River delta) disparities) 2:IBO:(319) (North American birds of prey) 173 (outer estuary) 174 (land allocations) Squalus acanthias (suokleyi) (spiny dogfish) ;177(324) (present status of knowledge) 1:115 (feeding at Fraser River mouth) 178 (demands) :116 (young feeding in Boundary Bay) 178 (conclusions) :IB0:(409); 2:IB0:(292); 3:IB0:(345) (abundance) 180-223 (appendices -listed on pages vii-viii) :(412); 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346) (feeding :IB0:(224-340) (bibliographies by topics listed habits) on page 244) 2: 86 (estuarine residential status) (246) (delta formation) :202; 3:218; 5:174; 6:196 (in species list) (246) (socio-economic importance of) :IB0:(352) (re B.C.) (246) (general information) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) (246) (task force report) (247) (fresh & salt water exchange) Squalus suokleyi (see Squalus acanthias) (247) (environment factors) (255) (railway reconnaissance) Squamish Floodplain Land Type (256) (drilling; soil mechanics) 2:109 (parameters influencing floristic variation) (256, 304, 329) (highway) :136 (physical characteristics of, re development 2:IB0:(258, 266, 273, 286, 308, 332) (benthos - & associated problems re) intertidal) :(263) (temperature; precipitation; climatic Squamish-Lillooet Regional District normals; data summaries) 2:IB0:(326) (zoning by-law) (265) (channel studies) :(326) (minutes of Squamish-Pemberton (266) (river diversion) framework meeting) (267) (sediments) (270) (bathymetric characteristics) 248. Squ Sta

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Squamish River Estuary and Delta (cont'd.) Stager, J.K. 2:IB0:(278, 300, 308) (outer estuarine ecology) 1:IB0:(371) (climatic factor-variations on a :(293) (fisheries data) mean; re evolution of lower Fraser :(303, 320, 327) (recreational planning) River cultural landscape) :(304, 308) (biomass) :(304, 308); 5:IB0:(264) (primary produc Staghorn Sculpin (see Leptocottus armatus) tivity) :(307, 315) (migratory bird survey) Stagnicola (gastropod) :(311) (large mammal habitat map) 4:186 (s. lepida; S. proxima rowelii (in species :(325) (potential export traffic) list)) :(331) (FMC Chemical Limited) 3:IB0:(299, 309, 318, 326, 333, 338, 351, 367, Stagonospora vitensis (marine fungus) 374, 382, 390); 4:IB0:(264, 274, 298, 1:278 (in species list) 303); 5:IB0:(253, 273); 6:IB0:(260) (status of environmental knowledge) Standing Stock (see Biomass) 5:IB0:(264) (benthic algal distribution) Stanley Park Squamish River System (see also Squamish River 1: 73 (Fraser River water drift from English Bay Estuary and Delta) past) 2: xi (flooding regime) 155 (Canada geese populations) : 38 (statistics re Squamish River drainage 166 (great blue heron nest-census) basin) 187 (area; beaches) : 39 (courses followed by rivers of system) : 43 (slope & subsequent flow regime of river Stann, E.J. & associated tributaries) 1:226(378) (benthic species diversity increases 47 (re fresh water effects) from head to mouth of a marine 92 (spawning locations) estuary) 99 (effect on phytoplankton) 2:IB0:(267, 280) (estuarine water quality & biologic population indices) Squamish, Town of 2: xi (industrial basis - logging, sawmilling & Staphylinidae (rove beetles) chemicals) 1:265; 6:185 (in species list) :xviii (climate) :133 (population decline; land use problems & Starfish (see also Dermasterias; Evasterias solutions) Ophiuroidea; Pyonopodia) :134 (Squamish as in industrial complex) ochre or purple (see Pisaster) 134 (access routes to) :134(250) (sea port proposal) Star-flowered Soloman's Seal (see Smilacina stellata) 170 (initial construction re port) :173 (population growth) Starling IB0:(245) (history) common (see Sturnus vulgaris) :(248) (technical, economic & environmental considerations re superport at) Starry Flounder (see Platichthys stellatus) :(248) (memo to district engineer) :(250) (cattle trail construction) Starry Skate (see Raja stellutata)

Squash (see Cucurbita maxima) Stathers, J.K. 38(266) (Stawamus drainage basin) Squashberry (see Viburnum edule) 39(252, 266) (maximum Cheakamus River flow) 42(266) (Mamquam River floodings) Squawfish 131(326) (land use history of Squamish) northern (see Ptychocheilus oregonensis, 134(326) (Squamish sea port development) 144(336) (new access road-rationale) Squid (cephalopod) 3:205 (in species list) Statistics Canada 114(300) (lower Cowichan Valley agriculture) Squire, G.B. 130(309 (Cowichan Valley population statistics) 1:IBO:(347) (lower Fraser River flood plain study) 135(309) (cargoes handled at east Vancouver Island ports which are destined for Squirrel foreign markets) Douglas (see Tamiasciurus douglasi mollipilosus) :246(309) (reports concerning population, flying (see Glaucomy8 sabrinus oregonensis) geology, geography, agriculture, red (see Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) employment, housing, publication & shipping) Stachys ciliata pubens 89(260) (Indian food fishery) 6:205 (in species list) 115(277) (area of Nanaimo Regional District) 117(277) (population changes within Nanaimo Stachys cooleyae (hedge nettle) census subdivision) 1:131 (in woodland) 122(277) (farm acreage) 125(277) (foreign cargo statistics) Stachys mexicana (great hedge nettle) IBO:(276 ) (1971 Canadian census) 3:232 (in species list) Sta 249. Ste

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Statistics Canada (cont'd) Stephanodiscus astrea (diatom) 5:IBO:(277) (publications data files &unpublished 3:221 (in species list) information catalogue) :(277); 6:IB0:(278) (census catalogue re Stephanodiscus sp. (diatom, unspecified) population, housing, agriculture & 3:221 (in species list) employment) 6:113(278) (population of Kitimat District Muni Stephanopyxis nipponica (diatom) cipality) 1:291 (in species list) :114(278) (population of Indian Reserve No. 1) :125(278) (cargo handled at Port of Kitimat) Stephanopyxis sp. :172 (information source) 2:205 (in species list) :IBO:(278) (shipping report) :(278) (special bulletin re geography, land Stephens, K. areas & densities of statistical 1:150(436) (primary production in Fraser River areas; historical population census plume) subdivisions) :IB0:(381, 383); 2:IB0:(270, 271, 272); 5:IB0: :(278, 286) (western provincial population (238, 240) (physical, chemical & divisions & subdivisions) biological data, Strait of Georgia) :(394); 2:IB0:(280, 290); 5:IB0:(245, 254) Staurastrum (green alga) (biological oceanography, Strait of 3:220 (S. sp. (in species list)) Georgia) 4:104 (S. artiscon; S. aviaula; S. cuspidatum & :(437) (chlorophyll £ surface distribution, S. gracile found in Cowichan Lake) Strait of Georgia) 3:IBO:(319) (chemical & physical limnological Stave River observations re Babine & Great 1:104 (chum salmon spawning) Central lakes) :254 (sediment load & types, at Stave Falls) 4: 58(280) (Stuart Channel biological productivity) 5: 42(245) (re productivity studies) Steele, J. : 43(245) (re inner Nanaimo estuarine 3:IBO:(304) (Squamish/Skeena harbour development) productivity & fisheries) :(361) (Prince Rupert port development) : 47, 93(245, 265) (Nanaimo estuary nutrient sources) Steel head Trout (see Salmo gairdneri) : 54(245) (inner estuary production variations) : 92(261, 262, 263, 265) (Departure Bay Steganopus tricolor (Wilson's phalarope) phytoplankton & primary productivity 1:304 (habitat; food; etc.) investigations) :IBO:(440) (Vancouver occurrence of; nesting :IBO:(231, 254, 265) (seasonal variations in food sites) availability for coastal benthos) 4:219 (in species list) :(238, 243) (primary productivity measure ments using large-volume plastic Stein, C.S. spheres) 6: 4(254) (proposed Kitimat population) :(245) (phytoplankton growth & decay within :113(278) (re development of Kitimat townsite) large plastic spheres) :(254) (contribution of small river alloch- Stein, J.R. thonous bacteria & organic material 1:146(436) (freshwater algal filaments in Fraser to a semi-enclosed sea) River delta) [254) (seasonal changes in vertical :150(436) (phytoplankton of river above estuary) distribution of particulate & soluble material in Departure Bay) Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (rough-winged swallow) [265) (primary productivity data from 2:214; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) Nanaimo estuary)

Stellaria orispa (crisped starwort) Stephenson, A 3:232; 4:214; 6:201 (in species list) IBO:(290 (North American intertidal life) 71(254) (coastal zonation) Stellaria humifusa (trailing chickweed) 91(265) (Brandon Island intertidal flora) 3:232 (in species list) IBO:(254 (life between tidemarks in North America) Stellaria media (chickweed) :(265 (life between tidemarks on rocky 1:286; 5:182 (in species list) shores)

Stellaria sitchana Stephenson, 3:232 (in species list) :IB0:(290 (North American intertidal life) 71(254) (coastal zonation) Stellula calliope (calliope hummingbird) 91(265) (Brandon Island intertidal flora) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) :IB0:(254 (life between tidemarks in North America) Stems (of plants) :(265 (life between tidemarks on rocky 1:320 (as food of mammals) shores)

Stenton, C.E. Steroorarius longicaudus (long-tailed jaeger) 1:IBO:(426) (fisheries management, lower mainland 4:219 (in species list) region) 250. Ste Stj

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Stercorarius parasiticus (parasitic jaeger) Stewart, A. 2:212; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) 2:IB0:(261) (development of miniature mud flows)

Sterling, R.T. Stewart, I.D. 1:IBO:(452) (wetland development for waterfowl 2:IB0:(261) (correlation of continuous seismic in B.C.) profiles with bottom sediment characters of upper Howe Sound) Sterna hirundo (common tern) 1:305 (habitat; food; etc.) Stewart, I.J. 2:213; 4:239; 5:188 (in species list) 6: 39(260, 262) (precipitation extremes in Kitimat region) Sterna paradisaea (Arctic tern) 3:238 (in species list) Stewart, J. 1:IBO:(367) (use of saline irrigation water on Sternaspidae (polychaetes) Fraser River delta soils) 3:202; 6:189 (in species list) :(378) (quality of delta irrigation waters) Sternapsis fossor (polychaete) Stewart, R.W. 1:263; 3:202; 4:193; 6:189 (in species list) 1:IBO:(378) (water quality, etc. re proposed 4:1 73 (biomass found in substrates of Cowichan Strait of Georgia marine park) Bay & Satellite Channel) Sthenelais articulata (errant polychaete) Sternapsis scutata (polychaete) 4:192 (in species list) 2:188; 3:202 (in species list) Stichaeidae Stevens, R.D. 2: 86 (estuarine locations of) 5:IBO:(226) (age of contact metasomatic copper & 6:196 (in species list) iron deposits on Vancouver & Texada islands) Stickland 1: 79(388) (three reports on current velocity Stevenson, J.C. measurements in Strait of Georgia) 1: 99(406) (B.C. mollusc fisheries) : 79(388, 389); 2:IBO:(275, 276) (three reports 100(406) (B.C. shrimp fisheries) on oceanographic records from moored 119(425) (review of sockeye salmon fishery & instruments in Strait of Georgia) canning on Fraser River) 120(425) (pink salmon exploitation in river) Stickleback 275-277(425) (list of fish species in lower threespine (see Gasterosteus aculeatus] Fraser estuary & Strait of Georgia) 93(290,301); 4:98(295) (B.C. commercial fishery) Stickling, W. 94(290, 301) (history of Squamish fisheries 1:IBO:(367) (Canadian sediment surveys) 1950-1962) 201(290, 301) (list of estuary fish species) Stiff Club-moss (see Lycopodium annotinum) 83(359) (Skeena River steelhead populations) 89(359) (commercial fishing of Skeena River Stigonema sp. (alga, unspecified) sockeye salmon) 1:143 (in bog water) 90(359) (chinook catch statistics) 91(359) (commercial steelhead fishery) Stilt Sandpiper (see Mioropalama himantopua) 91(359) (Skeena estuary trawl fishery) 92(359) (Skeena estuary halibut fishery) Stinging Nettle (see Urtioa lyalli) IBO:(361) (herring mortality at Mud Bay) IBO:(296) (fluctuations in Vancouver Island Stinson, K. herring population abundance) 4:129(308) (Cowichan Valley Regional District 5: 97(265) (re eelgrass abundance) population changes)

Steveston area (see also Cannery headings) Stirling, D. 1: 20, 52 (upper limit of salt wedge & tidal 3:109(366) (components of the western hemlock effects in river at peak of freshets) biogeoclimatic zone) 22 (north jetty) :121(373) (birds of the western hemlock/western 33-36 (average temperature, rainfall, snowfall) red cedar forests) 53-54 (re deposition of river sandy sediments) 84(406) (shipworms at) St. John, B. :137 (foreshore land use) 3:IB0:(312, 319) (Babine Lake limno-geological :203 (sewage disposal project) study) :253 (river flow records) IBO:(387, 388) (seawater intrusion; oceanography) St. John, R.W. :(462, 466) (developments) 2: 6(261) (composition of mountains surrounding, Howe Sound) Steveston Channel (see also Cannery Channel) : 11(261) (outer sill formation - Howe Sound) 1:137 (lined with fish processing plants) : 12(261) (major geological features of Howe Sound; map) Steveston Island (see Shady Island) : 13(261) (inner sill formation - Howe Sound) : 13(261) (Howe Sound hillocks) 251 Stj Str

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

St. John, R.W. (cont'd) Stomphia oocoinea (swimming sea anemone) 13(261) (Britannia basin depth) 2:187 (in species list) 13(261) (outer sill troughs) 13(261) (trough formation) Stomphia didemon 47(275) (Howe Sound flushing regime) 2:187 (in species list) St. John's Wort (see Hypericum formosum) Stone, E.T. 1:108(425, 480); 3:IBO:(392) (toxicity & treatment St. Pierre, D. of Kraft pulp bleach plant waste 4: 28(269) (re Cowichan-Chemainus soils) re salmon migration) :173(269) (Cowichan-Chemainus region soils 2:154(301, 335) (Kraft mill effluent toxcitiy classification) reduction) :IBO:(274); 5:IBO:(235) (Vancouver Island climate) 5: 15(229) (Nanaimo region soils) Stonecrop 6: 18(256) (Kitimat Valley landform mapping for broad-leaved (see Sedum spathulifolium) reforestation purposes) red (see_ Sedum roseum)

Stockman, W. Stoneflies (see Plecoptera) 2:117(319) (estuary merganser census) Stonewort (see Chara sp.) Stockner, J.G. 2: 44(265) (estuarine primary & secondary Storrs P.N. production & water analysis) 1:226(378) (benthic species diversity increases : 79(265) (zooplankton community analysis) from head to mouth of an estuary) : 98(304) (estuary phytoplankton) 2:IB0:(267, 280) (estuarine water quality & : 99(304) (seasonal phytoplankton abundance) biologic population indices) : 99(304) (maximum carbon fixation values) :100(304) (seasonal species abundance in Stothert Engineering Limited phytoplankton community) 3:1B0:(304) (Western Wharves Limited deep-sea :100(304) (reasons for limited primary shipping terminal development plans productivity; marshland importance) for Prince Rupert) :100(308) (benthic algal distribution & production) Straaten, J.M. :101(308) (west, central and east delta algal 1:IBO:(367) (sedimentation in tidal flat areas) masses) :102(308) (west delta primary production values) Strachan, R. :103(308) (enhanced algal production) 5: 12(231) (Nanaimo mining operations & methods) :104(308) (primary production -re benthic algae) :205(304) (phytoplankton list) Straight, L. :IB0:(252) (data file on temperature, salinity, 1:IB0:(469) (lower B.C. fishing guide & map of zooplankton, dissolved oxygen & Vancouver local fishing bars) primary production; unpublished data) :(252) (environmental impact study re Howe Strait of Georgia (see also Currents; Hydraulic Sound & delta) models; Plume; Oceanography; San Juan Islands; :(252) (environmental impact study re Howe Channels; Salinity; Salt wedge; Stratification Sound & delta) of waters; Tidal effects; Upwelling; Waves; :(252) (environmental impact of proposed B.C. Wind; also names of lower coastal localities) Railway port on Mamquam River delta) 1: 15, 267~29; 2:IBO:(272) (advance of Fraser 3:101(369) (freshwater phytoplankton of the Skeena River estuary front into) drainage basin) 16 (seismicity epicentres) :IB0:(368) (phytoplankton succession & paleo- 28, 70(387); 2:IB0:(275) (internal waves) limnology of Babine Lake) 53 (transport of sediments into) 5: 96(264) (macrophytic biomass comparisons re 72(387); 2:IB0:(274) (circulation & Coriolis Nanaimo & Squamish River estuaries) effects on) 72(387, 388); 2:IB0:(270, 274, 275, 277); Stokes, J.W. 5: 54(247) (currents -Coriolis effect 3: 34(319) (Watson Island dissolved oxygen con on; surface & bottom; velocities; centration) effect on Nanaimo estuary; general : 40(329) (fish kills & pollution) structure & extenuating circumstances) : 67(341) (effects of Watson Island pulp mill on : 78-79(386) (related studies) the environment) : 78-79(386, 394, 406); 2:IB0:(290); 5:IB0:(245, :156(393) (dissolved oxygen concentration in 246, 247, 254) (observation - recent; Wainwright Basin) biological; drift bottle) :IBO:(349) (effects of rock slide on Babine River : 94-96(399); 2:IB0:(284); 5:IB0:(251) (zoo salmon) plankton -near & in river estuary; :(351) (Moricetown biological survey) distribution) :101(394); 2:IB0:(279); 5:IB0:(244) (fish Stolidobranchia (see Boltenia; Cnemidocarpa; migration into & out of river) Halocynthia; Pyura) :148-150(433, 434) (phytoplankton, diatoms, aquatic nutrients, etc. in vicinity Stommel, H. of river mouth) 1:1B0:(352) (recent tidal estuary studies) :203(389, 472, 473) (re Greater Vancouver area 5: 1(224) (oceanographic classification of estuary) sewage disposal) 252. Str Str

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Strait of Georgia (cont'd) 2:IBO:(322) (shoreline usage) 1:IB0:(351); 2:IB0:(251) (references) 4:xiv (with respect to Cowichan-Chemainus River :(352, 368); 2:IB0:(261) (seismic profiling) estuaries) :(356) (geology) : 58(280) (nutrient turnover) :(363); 2:IB0:(257); 4:IB0:(270); 5:IB0:(229, : 89 (summer residence of coho salmon) 274) (sand & gravel) : 97; 5: 79(257); 6:IB0:(268) (recovery - carp; :(364); 2:IB0:(258); 4:IB0:(270); 5:IB0:(229) chinook ; unspecified salmon) (calcareous deposits) : 99 (chinook & coho stocks, residence periods :(365); 2:IB0:(260) (sediments) & factors effecting) :(374, 388); 2:IBO:(275) (Fraser River :IB0:(263, 308); 5:IB0:(270, 275) (archaeology) influence) :(286) (infauna) :(378) (water quality) :(287); 5:IB0:(252) (intertidal organisms) :(379) (numerical models) 5: 54, 57 (tidal currents as calculated by Dr. :(381-391) (bibliography including) Crean's computer model for a typical :(381, 383); 2:IB0:(276) (bathypelagic mixed tide) characteristics) : 92(259, 264) (biological programs) :(381, 383); 2:IB0:(270, 271, 272, 273, 274); :IB0:(233, 235, 246, 247, 255) (climate & weather) 5:IB0:(238, 239, 240, 244, 261, 262) (238, 246, 251) (oxygen content) (data records) (246) (salinity; temperature; water masses) :(382, 384); 2:IB0:(269, 270, 272, 276, 277); (246, 247, 255) (shellfish toxicity) 5:IB0:(230, 239, 245, 246, 265) (262) (macrophytes) (oceanography - cruise reports; (263) (benthic algal communities) features & surveys; physical; biolog ical ) Stratification, sedimentary (see Sediments) :(383); 2:IB0:(272) (surface flow) :(383, 389, 438); 2:IB0:(272, 276); 5:IB0: Stratification of waters (see also Hydrology; Plume; (246) (water properties) Salt wedge) :(384) (workshop proceedings) 1: 63-78 (in estuary & adjacent Strait of Georgia) :(384); 2:IB0:(272); 5:IB0:(263) (epithalassa) :(387); 2:IBO:(270) (tides) Strawberry (see Fragaria ohiloensis) :(387, 394, 403); 2:IBO:(274, 279, 288, 308); 5:IB0:(244, 264) (pelagic production) Strawberry Blight (see Chenopodium capitum) :(390, 391); 2:IB0:(272); 5:IB0:(253, 259) (projects) Stream Flow (see Hydrology; Hydraulic models; Runoff; :(391); 5:IBO:(246) (freshwater distribution) Sediments! :(392); 2:IB0:(278); 5:IB0:(238, 251) (flora & fauna distribution factors) Stream Mayflies (see Heptageniidae) :(394, 434); 2:IB0:(272, 279, 307); 4: 79; 5:IB0:(244, 252) (plankton - qualita Streptopus amplexifolius (twisted stalk) tive &quantitative distribution; 2:108 (common in Pacific silver fir-western information) hemlock subzone) :(394, 479); 2:IB0:(279, 334); 5:IB0:(243, :208; 3:232; 6:206 (in species list) 244) (pollution) 3:113 (floodplain vegetation) :(399); 2:IB0:(284); 5:IB0:(251) (Foraminifera 6:100 (abundance; community position) distribution) :(402); 5:IB0:(252) (benthos) Streptopus roseus (simple-stemmed twisted stalk) :(406); 2:IB0:(290); 5:IB0:(246, 255) (Tin- 3:232; 6:206 (in species list) tinnidae) :(407) (macro-benthos) Streptopus streptopoides (small twisted stalk) :(415, 418); 2:IB0:(297); 4: 99 (fisheries - 3:232 (in species list) trawl; methods & associated yields; supply stock) Strickland, J.D.H. (417); 2:IBO:(296) (relative abundance of 3:IBO:(325) (Canadian oceanographic research in juvenile herring) the northeast Pacific Ocean) (434); 2:IB0:(307); 5:IB0:(252) (re Fraser 5: 42(245) (productivity studies) River effects) : 92(265) (Departure Bay phytoplankton & (435, 436); 2:IBO:(308); 4: 58(280) (primary primary production investigations) production) :IBO:(238, 243, 261, 263) (primary production (463); 2:IB0:(275, 325); 4:102(294, 308); measurements using large-volume 5: 89, 132, 133(259, 272, 275) plastic spheres) (recreational boating -activity & usage) Strigidae (owls) :(467, 470); 2:IB0:(267, 290, 294, 302, 309, 2:123 (delta raptors) 319, 332, 325, 326); 3:IB0:(368); 3:121 (habitat) 4:IBO:(264, 309) (marine park considerations) Strix nebulosa (great grey owl) :(475, 476, 477, 482); 2:IB0:(328, 331, 337); 3:239 (in species list) 4:IBO:(308) (environmental problems) :(476); 2:IB0:(331) (Fisheries Service Strix vario (barred owl) activities) 3:239 (in species list) :(485); 2:IBO:(339, 340) (map) 2:IB0: 257); 5:IB0:(229) (sand & gravel) :(265, 321); 4:IB0:(263) (land & water use) Str 253. Sty

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Strongylooentrotus (sea urchins) Sturgeon 1:269 (in species list) green (see Aoipenser medirostris) 2: 76 (S. droebaahiensis inhabits Britannia Beach white (see Aoipenser transmontanus) region) :195; 3:209; 4:201 (S. franciscanus (in species Sturgeon Bank (see also lona Island; Lulu Island; list)) Sea Island! :195; 3:209; 4:201; 5:171 (S. droebachiensis (in l:xvi (benthos on tidal flats) species list)) :xvii, 99 (commercial crab fishery off) 3: 68 (in Porpoise Harbour) :xix, 233, 236 (vital for biotic populations) : 70 (S. droebaahiensis pollution tolerance) : 2 (re acreage of partially vegetated land) 4:IBO:(284) (S. franciscanus resources) : 11, 21, 23, 27-29 (advance & retreat of upper :(286) (S. droebachiensis habitat, distribu foreslope (map); sand sedimentation source, tion &abundance) stability, etc.) : 11, 23 (North Arm jetty; lona Island causeway Stroud, R.H. & sewage outfall channel; Steveston 1:IBO:(392) (symposium on biological significance north jetty) of estuaries) : 21 (salt marsh) : 55 (biological oxygen demand & dissolved oxygen Struthiopteris spicant (deer fern) of waters) 5:184 (in species list) 75 (wave records) 82 (meiofauna of) Stuart Channel 89-92 (invertebrate fauna) 4:xxi (benthos; substrates) 90 (heavy-metal & polychlorinated biphenyl :xxi, 76 (fauna - intertidal; shore) traces found in microfauna; tidal marsh :xxi, 78, 82, 83 (shrimping -production; methods; invertebrate fauna) locations; species; value; 92(393) (typical intertidal zonation) markets) 96 (zooplankton; salmon feed) :xxiii (tides; waves; winds; flushing action) :100 (shrimp fishing) :xxiii, 58 (salinity distribution & :146-147 (benthic algae; diatoms; macrophyta) stratification) ;151 (area of intertidal deltaic deposits) :xxiii, 62, 63-67 (current - observation; speeds; :155 (bird feeding on Soirpus beds) directions; depth distribution; tidal; :155-156 (lesser snow geese over-wintering) wind driven; durations; mechanisms; :164 (wading birds extensive use of mudflats effects) for feeding) : 56(312) (oceanographic history, observations :197, 198 (possible reclamation projects to & data) provide industrial sites) : 58 (vertical density, oxygen & temperature :218 (undesirable landfill site) stratification) :222 (important estuarine food factory re food : 59 (effluent pipe-line & adjacent oyster chains) leases) :IB0:(358) (soils) : 59, 66, 69, 70(281, 317) (Kraft pulp mill :(383) (wave-bouy monitoring) effluent - Crofton vicinity; transport; :(396) (invertebrate study) concentration profiles; concentrations with :(402) (sediment-faunule relationships; respect to depth; re current patterns; benthic ecology; species composition; dispersion; dilution problems; re submarine benthic intertidal zonation) diffuser) :(406, 438) (ecology) : 60 (distribution of properties in a :(430) (flora study) longitudinal section through) (431) (natural history) 61 (tidal regimes) (437) (estuary plants) 62 (flood tide phenomena) :(454) (birds) 63 (residual flow) :(487, 488) (maps) 66 (density; dissolved oxygen) 4:IB0:(311) (baseline study) 68 (water replacement & pollution control implications) Sturgeon Poacher (see Agonus acipenserinus) : 74 (substrate preferences, biomass & relative abundance of indigenous benthos) Stumella neglecta (western meadowlark) : 76 (shore habitats) 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) : 87, 89, 99 (coho salmon — Strait of Georgia 2:215; 4:222; 5:190 (in species list) fishery; tagging studies; channel migra tions rearing areas) Sturnus vulgaris (common starling) : 98 (re pilchard encounters) 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) :149 (re sewage pollution) :IB0:(444) (nesting sites) 2:123 (Squamish sightings) Stuart River :215; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) 1:256 (streamflow station; water quality 5:109 (abundance; feeding areas; over-wintering parameters) locations)

Stubbs, G.B. stylaria sp. (oligochaete, unspecified) 4:IB0:(309) (Vancouver Island tourist study) 4:185 (in speices list) Stylarioides papillata (polychaete) 3:202 (in species list) 254. Sty Swa

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Stylasterias forreri Sunderland, P.A. 75 (inhabits Sunset Marina) 3: 87(361) (Pacific herring in the Skeena area) 75, 148 (deep water abundance) 195 (in species list) Sundew (see Drosera rotundifolia)

Stylatula sp. (sea pen, unspecified) Sunflower (see Helianthus annuus) 1:187 (in species list) Sunshine Suaeda maritima (seablite) 1: 33-34 (recording stations) 3:115 (upper intertidal flora) : 42-43 (seasonal data) :232; 6:201 (in species list) :244 (average annual hours of bright, at Airport, 6: 94 (habitat; species associations) for 1937-1974) :246-251 (radiation re photochemical oxidation Subalpine Forest Lower Subzone of atmospheric pollutants) 2:109 (subdivision of mountain hemlock zone) 5:101 (location; characteristic species; zonal Surf Smelt (see Hypomesus pretiosus) productivity; elevation) Surfbird (see Aphiza virgata) Subalpine Parkland Higher Subzone 2:109 (mountain hemlock zone subdivision) Suriella sp. (diatom, unspecified) 2:205 (in species list) Submersible 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) 2: 78 (Pisces IV expedition) Surrey Bend Sucker 1:217 (swamp as one of few natural freshwater largescale (see Catostomus macrocheilus] marshes; recommendation re retaining its longnose (see_ Catostomus catostomus) ecological environment versus use for unspecified (see Cat08tomu8 sp.) landfill)

Suctoria Surrey Municipality (see also specific localities, 5:IBO:(255) (Canadian Pacific) e.g. Boundary Bay; Campbell River; Crescent Beach; Mud Bay; Nicomekl River; Ocean Park; Sullivan, B. Port Mann; Semiahmoo Bay; Serpentine River; 1:IBO:(469) (preliminary plan for immediate White Rock) improvements to public transportation 1: 11, 12 (geology) in Greater Vancouver Regional : 33-35 (climatological stations) District) :189 (suggested development for recreation) :191 (beaches) Sulphates; Sulphides (see Sulphur compounds) :202 (plans for sewage disposal of southern) :339 (permit applications for domestic effluent Sulphur compounds discharger: amounts; biological oxygen 1: 57 (in estuary waters) demand; total suspended solids; where to :207 (sulphur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium be diverted) thiosulphate as dechlorinating agents :IB0:(357, 366) (soils) for chlorinated sewage) :(374) (drainage report) :211, 212, 213 (sulphides as toxic effluent from :(463, 469) (south) tanneries, laundering establishments & :(467) (environmental impact assessments) petrochemical industries) :(471) (suburban renewal) :214 (hydrogen sulphide, iron & manganese sulphides in solid waste disposal areas) Sutherland-Brown, A. :228, 229, 230 (hydrogen sulphide in bottom 2:IBO:(260) (western cordillera copper & sediments, from decay of benthos) molybdenum deposits) :229 (nematodes & some oligochaetes able to :(261) (Britannia, B.C.) survive in presence of hydrogen sulphide) 3:IBO:(314) (geology of the Rocher Deboule Range) :246-251 (sources & amounts from industrial emissions, re atomspheric pollution) Sutton Formation :255-257 (routine determination localities for 4: 17 (composition, location, origin & relationship sulphate in river basin waters; re to Vancouver Group) water quality) 2:147, 149, 153 (hydrogen sulphide release from Sutton, W.J. sediments & accumulation under anaerobic 4:IB0:(271) (Vancouver Island geology & mining) conditions) 162 (sulfates in chlor-alkali plant effluents) Suzuki, B.M. 167 (amounts discharged) 3:IBO:(348) (B.C. inventory of groundfish market 175 (hydrogen sulphide release re dredging) samples) IBO:(297) (Vancouver handling of) :(395) (re Kraft pulp mill effluents) Sverre, S.F. 1:171(452) (general status of mammals in Sumas Fraser River delta) 1: 52 (upper limit of tidal effect on delta) Swales 1: 17 (suggested cause of crescent-shaped, on Lulu Island) 255. Swa syi

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Swallow Swann, L.G. bank (see Riparia riparia) 1:IB0:(426) (a century of B.C. fishing) barn (see Hirundo rustioa) cliff (see_ Petrochelidon pyrrhonata) Swanson, H.S. rough-winged (see Stelgidopteryx ruficollis) 1:IB0:(374) (flow analysis of water allocation in tree (§ee_ Iridoprocne bicolor a river system re effect on estuarine violet-green (see Tachyoineta thalassina) ecology)

Swamp (see Bogs; Landfill; Marshes; Surrey Bend) Swarth, H.S. 1:IB0:(440) (distributional list of B.C. birds) Swamp Birch (see Betula glandulosa) 3:117(371) (general wildlife information) :IBO:(378) (birds & mammals of the Skeena River Swamp Horsetail (see Equisetum fluviatile) region of northern B.C.)

Swamp Laurel (see Kalmia polifolia) Swecker, M.N. 1:IB0:(345) (estuarine environmental quality of Swan Upper Grays Harbour, Washington) mute (see Cygnus olor) trumpeter (see Olor buccinator) Sweet Bedstraw (see Galium triflorum) whistling (see Olor columbianus) Sweet Cecily (see Oemorhiza purpurea) Swan Wooster Engineering Company Limited 1: 10(367) (geological map of Fraser River delta) Sweet Gale (see Myrioa gale) : 26(367) (stability of delta-front sediments re .Roberts Bank) Swiatkiewicz, V.J. :153(367) (delta foreshore usage by wildlife, 2:IBO:(302) (fisheries value & recommendations with map on page 154) for their protection — Squamish- 188(367) (map of delta — accessible beach areas) Lillooet Regional District & IB0:(367) (Point Grey erosion control) Sunshine coast) :(452) (planning study for Vancouver outer port development) Swift :(457) (Boundary Bay potential & Roberts Bank black (see Cypseloides niger) re delta development) Vaux's (see Chaetura vauxi) :(470) (Roberts Bank dredging & reclamation) :(470) (proposed Tsawwassen marine develop Swimming Beaches (see Beaches; Recreation) ment) :(488) (references for various maps of Roberts Swimming Speed of Fish Bank & Sturgeon Bank harbour studies) 1:104 (chum salmon upstream in delta) :(488) (proposed & alternate charts for proposed B.C. ferries terminal sites) Swine IB0:(253) (engineering study & design of 1:183 (acreage used for farm production) Squamish River training works) :(253) (primary design drawings for proposed Swinnerton, A.A. bulk terminal at Squamish) 1:IBO:(367) (Canadian peat moss industry) =(261) (study of Squamish delta front) :(367) (peat in Canada) :(326) (assessment & effective development re land, buildings & related resources Swinnerton, G.S. of Britannia Division - Howe Sound 1:IBO:(470) (small-farm function in Matsqui Company) Municipality, Fraser River delta) 1:106(369) (re Flora Bank causeway construction) :176(384) (construction of general cargo facility) Swishwash Island (in centre of Middle Arm) :180(384) (environmental analysis of possible 1:136 (formed from dredging; now vegetated & in bulk terminal sites) natural state because of inaccessibility) 182(384) [possible physical, sociological & environmental ramifications of port Sword Fern (see Polystichum munitum) development at proposed sites) :IB0:(304, 329) (engineering aspects of bulk Syllidae (polychaetes) marine terminal sites in the 1:IB0:(396); 2:IB0:(281); 3:IB0:(334) (west coast Prince Rupert area) Canadian forms) :(314) (CSP & sediment sampling for gravel 3:200 (in species list) sources in Prince Rupert Harbour 5:IB0:(249) (Nanaimo varieties) for purposes of superport develop ment) Syllis (polychaetes) 6:117(279) (possible public marina sites) 1:263 (S. sp. (in species list)) :130(279) (re water supply capacity) :263; 4:192 (S. alternata (in species list) :174 (information source) 3:200 (in species list) :IB0:(279) (feasibility study re second Kitimat 4:192 (S. armillari8; S. fasciata; S. hyalina; River bridge) S. pulchra; S. spenceri (in species list)) :(279) (feasibility study re MK Bay marina) Syllis heteroahaeta (polychaete) Swan Wooster Engineering Company Limited and James 3:200; 4:192 (in species list) and Moore 3:IB0:(304) (Norport, Prince Rupert) 256. syl Tab

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Sylvester, R.O. Szeto, S.Y. 1:IBO:(378) (review of Fraser River basin re 1:126(430, 478) (heterotrophic bacteria counts in water quality) Fraser River delta & estuary waters; effects of chlorinated Sylvilagua floridanua mearnai (eastern cottontail hydrocarbons on such bacteria) rabbit) :IB0:(479) (factors affecting behaviour of 1:171, 322 (habitat; food) chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural :299 (as prey of hawk) waters & their sediments) 6:136(280) (polychlorinated biphenyl levels in Symphoricarpo8 albus (snowberry; waxberry) Kitimat Arm Dungeness crabs) 1:141 (on dykes & well-drained slopes) 2:209; 3:234; 4:215; 5:182; 6:201 (in species list) 6: 96 (community position; species associations)

Symphoricarpo8 rivularis 2:111 (Symphoricarpo8 ecosystem type) Tabanidae (horseflies) 1:266 (in species list) Synaptomy8 borealis (northern bog lemming) 2:217; 3:243 (in species list) Tabata, S. 3:122 (inhabit Skeena region) 1: 49(374) (Fraser River annual flow at Hope & Port Mann) Synchelidium (amphipod) : 52(374) (tidal effects & salt wedge in Fraser 6:191 (S. sp. (in species list)) River delta) : 53(374) (turbidity increase re runoff increase Syndiame8a in delta) 6:186 (S. nivosa; S. sp. (in species list)) : 72(383, 391) (surface water circulation in Strait of Georgia) Synidotea sp. (isopod, unspecified) : 72(388) (waters of Burrard Inlet & Indian Arm) 3:207 (in species list) : 79(388, 389) (current measurements between Sand Heads & Porlier Pass) Synedra sp. (diatom, unspecified) : 84(406) (shipworms in a tidal basin near 1:146 (in freshwater zone (Canoe Pass)) Steveston Cannery) 2:205, 206; 3:221 (in species list) :IB0 (383, 387, 388) (sea water intrusions in 3:102 (Cronin Creek populations) Steveston Harbour & Cannery basin) (388) (oceanography of Strait of Georgia re Synedra tabulata regulation of Fraser River) 2:206 (in species list) (388) (current velocities near lona Island sewerage treatment plant outfall) Syngnathus griseolineatus (bay pipefish) : 98(309) (Squamish estuary phytoplankton) 1:115 (use of estuarial zone for migration ;IB0:(272) (measurement of Strait of Georgia salinity transition) surface flow using free-floating :116, 117 (preferred habitat in Boundary Bay) current followers) 2: 85 (estuarine resident) =(275) (two reports on effect of Fraser River :202; 4:206; 5:174 (in species list) on Strait of Georgia surface waters) =(275) (oceanographic features of Howe Sound) Synthliboramphu8 antiquus (ancient murrelet) =(275) (three reports on Strait of Georgia 3:120 (summer visitors) current velocities) :238; 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) :(275, 276) (three summaries on Strait of Georgia oceanographic records obtained Synura sp. (algae, unspecified) by moored instruments) 3:220 (in species list) =(277) (Strait of Georgia surface currents) 3: 39(329) (annual salinity & temperature Syrphidae (flower flies) variations) 1:266 (in species list) : 40(323) (Hecate Strait oceanographic studies) :IB0:(329) (heat exchange between sea & Szczawinski AF atmosphere along the northern B.C. 1:IB0:(430);*2:IB0:(304); 3:IB0:(365) (guide to coast) B.C. common mushrooms) 5: 55(247) (Strait of Georgia residual current) :(437); 2:IB0:(309); 3:IB0:(369) (B.C. orchids) Tabellaria (diatom) :(437); 2:IB0:(309); 3:IB0:(369) (B.C. 1:146 (in freshwater zone (Canoe Pass)) heather (Ericaceae) family) 2:205 (in species list) :(437); 2:IB0:(309); 3:IB0:(369) (guide to B.C. common edible plants) Tabellaria fenestrata (diatom) 2:IBO:(309); 4:114(300) (Saanich Peninsula flora) 3:102 (peak abundance period) 4:IBO:(300) (corticolous & lignicolous plant :221 (in species list) communities in the forest associa 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) tions ofthe Vancouver Island Douglas- fir forest) Tabellaria flocoulosa (diatom) 5:101(265) (species found in Nanaimo Douglas-fir 3:221 (in species list) zone) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) u 257. /Is Tab Tat

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

fcv Taber, R.D. Tanaidacea (malacostracan Crustacea) 3:IB0:(379) (ecology of the black-tailed deer) 1:267 (Tanais sp. (in species list)) 4:199; 6:191 (in species list) Tachinidae (dipterans) 1:266 (in species list) Tanais stanfordi (tanaid) 6: 74 (identification of) Tachyoineta thalassina (violet-green swallow) :191 (in species list) 2:214; 3:239; 4:220; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) Tanner, G. 1:208(482) (likelihood of new sewage disposal Tachyrhynahu8 (gastropod) facilities required for disposal of 4:195 (t. sp. (in species list)) toxic & hazardous substances not now 5:169 (T. lacteolue (in species list)) permitted to enter present facilities of Greater Vancouver area) Tadpole Snail fish (see Neotoliparis pelagious) :IBO:(483) (wastewater characteristics of Greater Vancouver Regional District treatment Tagatz, M.E. plants & major sewers) 1:IBO:(481) (reduced oxygen tolerance & toxicity of petroleum products to juvenile Tanner Crab (see Chionoeoetes bairdi) American shad) Tanneries Tagelus (razor clam) 1:211 (types of toxic effluents from) 1:IBO:(398) (breeding; growth) Tannin (see also Resin acids) Takagi, K. 1: 55, 56 (levels in estuary waters) 3:IBO:(361) (timing & migration rate of Babine sockeye stocks through the Skeena Tansy (see Tanacetum vulgare) & Babine rivers) Tanypodinae Takahashi, M. 6:187 (in species list) 1:150(437) (simulation study of phytoplankton & growth in Fraser River estuary) Tanytarsus 6:186 (T. confusa; T. sp. (in species list)) Talbot, J.F. 1:IB0:(452) (wildlife importance in Boundary Bay Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) development) 1;286; 4:214; 5:182; 6:202 (in species list) 4:111 (found in grazed portions of Cowichan estuary) Taler, D.R. 1:IBO:(426) (Fraser River sockeye salmon energy Tarioha granulosa granulosa (Pacific coast newt) expenditure during spawning migration 1:324 (habitat; food) to Chilko Lake) 2:219; 3:244; 4:225; 5:193; 6:219 (in species list) Talitridae (amphipods) Tarplee, W.H. 6:187 (in species list) 5:147(282) (fish production & stream cover)

Tall Blue Huckleberry (see Vaocinium ovalifolium) Task Force Committee for Provincial Interagency Evaluation of Prince Rupert Tall Blue Lettuce (see Lactuca biennis) 3:IBO:(320) (summary report on water quality evalution of Prince Rupert Harbour Tall Mannagrass (see Glyceria elata) & associated environs) Tamiasciurus douglasi mollipilosus (Douglas squirrel) Task Force Technical Working Group 1:322 (habitat; food) 1:IB0:(470); 4:IB0:(309) (report re Strait of 2:217 (in species list) Georgia & Juan de Fuca national marine parks) Tamiasciurus hudsonious (red squirrel) 2: 83(290) (invertebrate fisheries in the Howe 2:126 (estuarine inhabitant) Sound area) :217; 3:242; 4:223; 5:192; 6:217 (in species list) 96(302) (Howe Sound sports fishery) 3:122 (inhabit Skeena region) 107(309, 326) (Arbutus subzones) 4:124 (residential status) 120(319) (Howe Sound seabird colonies) 5:111 (estuarine inhabitant) 6:109 (abundance; distribution) Tatersal, W.M. 5:IBO:(254) (western Canadian Euphausiacea & Tan, L. Mysidacea) 6:IBO:(279) (projected population of Kitimat) Tatum, J.B. Tanacetum vulgare (tansy) 4:121(303) (abundance of Larus Philadelphia & 1:286; 6:202 (in species list) Larus canus) 5:108(269) (residentual status of pigeon guillemot, Tanager marbled murrelet & Cassin's auklet) western (see Piranga ludoviciana) Tax 258. Tel

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Taxu8 brevifloria (yew) 2:IBO:(302) (distribution, age & food of northeast 3:115 (muskeg flora) Pacific Ocean steelhead trout (Salmo :234 (in species list) gairdneri))

Tayelor, F.A. Taylor, R. 1:IB0:(352) (report on lower Fraser River & 2:163(336) (Howe Sound mercury levels) Strait of Georgia) Taylor, R.L. Taylor, D.G.B. 1:IBO:(437) (University of British Columbia campus 1:190 (beaches & marinas; re park potential plants) of Boundary Bay & Point Roberts area) :IB0:(470); 2:IB0:(326) (concept of development Taylor, T.M.C. rights) 1:IBO:(437) (Sturgeon Bank estuary plants) :(437); 2:IB0:(309) (B.C. ferns & fern-allies) Taylor, E.W. :(437); 2:IB0':(309) (B.C. lily family) 1: 2(348) (area of estuarine influence, Fraser :(437); 2:IB0:(309) (preliminary checklist of River delta) B.C. vascular flora) 97(406) (Mud Bay production of cultured oysters) :(437); 2:IB0:(309) (B.C. rose family) 117(452) (Boundary Bay herring production) 127(406) (alluvial deposits in delta) Taylor, W. 134, 139, 145, 146(406) (wildlife fauna ecology 2:IBO:(261) (glacier retreat in Garibaldi Park) of Mud & Boundary bays) :157(452) (ducks stopping at river mouth) Tea, Labrador (see Ledum groenlandioum) -.174(452) (trend in numbers of waterfowl hunters in B.C.) Teal :235(452) (delta areas cited for recreational blue-winged (see Anas discors) development) cinnamon (see Anas oyanoptera) :IBO:(452) (hunter use of delta area) common (see Anas creoca) (452) (wildlife & recreation potential of green-winged (see Anas aarolinensis) Boundary Bay) (452) (proposed migratory bird refuge on Teal, J. west coast of Vancouver Island) 1:IB0:(352) (life & death of a salt marsh) (453) (the Reifel Refuge in lower mainland waterfowl complex) Teal, J.M. (453) (possible impact of Vancouver Airport 1:IB0:(437) (total energy balance in salt marsh on estuary wildlife) grasses) (453) (distribution of food habits of north Pacific Ocean fur seals) Teal, M. (453); 2:IB0:(320); 3:IB0:(379) (inventory 1:IB0:(352) (life & deat+i of a salt marsh) of wildlife data for eighteen selected B.C. estuaries) Tealia coriacea (453); 2:IB0:(320); 3:IB0:(379); 5:IB0:(269) 2:187 (in species list) (land capability for wildlife & waterfowl) Tealia arassicornis (453); 3:IB0:(379); 4:IB0:(303) (marine 2:187 (in species list) associated birds of B.C. coast) (453); 4:IB0:(304) (importance & problems of Tealia sp. estuaries from a wildlife viewpoint) 3:198 (in species list) (453, 461) (proposal for wildlife & recreation, Lulu Island foreshore) Tegella robertsoni (bryozoan) 2:121(319) (seabird movements) 4:190 (in species list) :IB0:(249); 3:IB0:(299); 4:IB0:(264, 283, 302) (human impact on estuarine habitat) Telegraph Passage 4:117(304) (importance of foreshore to waterfowl 3: xx (channels part of the Skeena's flow into production & wintering) southern Chatham Sound & Hecate Strait) : 60 (depth & navigation method) Taylor, F.H.C. 1:IBO:(453) (distribution & food habits of north Telepsavus costarum (polychaete) Pacific Ocean fur seals) 4:193 (in species list) Taylor, F.J.R. Tellima grandiflorum (fringecup) 5: 48, 93(245, 265) (re Mesodinium rubrum) 4:214; 6:210 (in species list) :IBO:(255) (red water ciliate Mesodinium rubrum & its incomplete symbionts) Tellina buttoni (bivalve) 4:197 (in species list) Taylor, G.D. 4: 52(277) (Cowichan River clarity, pH & oxygen Tellina aarpentri (Carpenter tell en clam) concentration) 1: 90 (in Sturgeon Bank tidal marsh) : 95(296) (rainbow trout distributions) 4:197 (in species list) :114(300) (successional stage of Cowichan Valley] Tellina nuculoides (bivalve) Taylor, G.T. 3: 74 (associations) 1:111(426) (steelhead trout movements in Fraser :204 (in species list) River estuary) 259. Tel Ter

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Tellinidae (bivalves) 3: 69 (abundance in Ridley Island red liquor 3:204 (in species list) discharge cove) :206; 4:187; 6:185 (in species list) Telmatodytes palustris (long-billed marsh wren) :xxi (upper Cowichan River inhabitants) 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) 71, 78 (Cowichan Lake & delta populations) 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:189 (in species list) 72 (as salmonid food resource) 74 (identification of) Telmessus cheiragonus (decapod) 80 (chum consumption of) 4:200 (in species list) Tener, J.S. Temperature 1:146, 295-301, 318(437) (duck habitats on islands 1: 30-34, 36-39 (pattern; of estuary) & tributaries of Fraser River mainstem : 30-34, 36-39; 2: 30; 5: 24 (averages -annual; as far east as Chilliwack) seasonal; monthly; mean) 2:IBO:(320) (lower Fraser Valley Anatinae investi : 30-34, 36-39, 244; 2: 31; 3: 20; 4: 39 (means - gation) seasonal; January & July; annual; range in; daily; annual daily) Tenthredinidae (sawflies) : 52, 57 (water, of river at Hope) 1:267 (in species list) :225 (effect of insolation on infauna of shallow tidal flats) Tera Environment Resource Analysis :225-226 (effects on development of lower river 3: 9(314) (ecological effects of port development) food chains) 10(314) (bedrock geology of port sites) :244; 2: 30; 3: 20; 4: 39; 5: 19; 6: 26 (extremes 15(314) (estuarine soils) — monthly; seasonal; mean) 108(369) (littoral vegetation) :244; 4: 39; 5: 19, 24 (frost -days with; days 112(369) (plant populations of drainage basin without; factors effecting occurrence of; &/or estuary) at Vancouver International Airport, 1937-74) :114(369) (marsh salinities & associated :IB0:(370); 2:IB0:(263); 3:IB0:(315) (data 1941- vegetation) 1970; trends) :116(369) (montane vegetation) :(383, 386); 2: 49; 3: 52, 53(329); 5:IB0: :117(379) (general wildlife information) (244) (variation - coastal water; re :121(379) (blue grouse (Dendragopus obsourus) runoff fluctuations; re spring & habitat) summer; seasonal) :123(370) (feeding habitats of black-tailed deer) :(383, 386); 3:IB0:(324, 325, 326); 5:IB0: :124(379) (killer whales (Orcinus oroa), Dall's (240, 241, 242, 255) (observation - porpoise (Phoooenoides dalli) & harbour coastal; shore station, of seawater) porpoise (Phoooena phoooena) sighted in :(390) (Strait of Georgia) estuary) 30; 6:IB0:(260) (normal -monthly; Canadian) :125(379) (eulachon runs & seal migrations) 31 (influences upon; basic regime) :127(379) (recreational use of wildlife) 50 (riverine & Howe Sound temperatures) :128(379) (trapping of fur bearers) 50; 4: 58; 5: 50, 52; 6: 55 (distribution - :142(304) (port development versus forest wealth) Howe Sound surface; Stuart Channel; Sansum 4:IB0:(310) (Ladysmith Harbour resource analysis) Narrows; seasonal; spacial; vertical) 153 (re pulp mill effluent) Terebella (polychaete) :155 (re benthic organisms) 4:193 (T. robusta; T. sp. (in species list)) :IB0:(263); 3:IB0:(315) (tables; fluctuations) :(266); 5:23; 6: 21 (estuarine sampling stations) Terebellidae (polychaetes) 52 (accumulation of interior characteristics re) 3:202; 6:189 (in species list) 52, 53 (impact on estuary; re mixing) IBO:(326) (time series) Terebellides (polychaetes) 39 (moderating influences) 1:263; 3:202; 4:193 (T. stroemi (in species list)) IB0:(273); 5:IB0:(233); 6:IB0:(259) (B.C. tables) 4: 74 (biomass of T. stroemi found in Stuart :(280) (Cowichan Bay) Channel substrates; ecological significance) 5: 19 (hours of sunlight) : 78 (inhabitat Cowichan estuary) :IB0:(234) (B.C.) :(241) (graphs) Terebratalia sp. :(241, 242) (sea surface) 2:188 (in species list) 6: 26 (re site consistency of; continental modification of; nature & effects of Terebratalia transversa (brachiopod) interior air flow) 2:188; 3:209 (in species list) : 53 (vertical profile) :IBO:(264) (Kitimat Arm) Terebratulina unguiaula (brachiopod) 2:188; 3:209 (in species list) Tendipedidae (midges) (see also Chironomidae) 1: 83 (larvae in river at Mission & Queensborough Teredo (see Bankia) Bridge areas) :266 (mention of synonymy with Chironomidae) Terhune, L.D.B. 2: 71; 3: 65 (larvae as food of salmon fry) 3: 40(329) (water exchange between Chatham Sound 3:xxii (drainage system benthos) & the open ocean) : 64, 65 (in Lakelse Lake & Babine Lake) :IB0:(323) (wave suppression in the Hecate model) : 65 (pollution tolerance) : 66 (found in Stumaun Creek) Termites 1:325 (as food of salamanders) 260. Ter Tha

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Tern Thais emarginata (gastropoda) Arctic (see Sterna paradisaea) 2:190; 3:203; 4:195 (in species list) black isee Chlidoniae niger) Caspian eee Hydroprogne oaspia) Thais lamellosa (dog winkle) common (see Sterna hirundo) 1: 88 (in Boundary Bay area) 2: 75, 148 (in booming grounds) Terpenes :190; 3:203; 4:195; 5:166; 6:169 (in species list) 1:212 (in effluents from wood products industries) 4: 76 (Stuart Channel abundance)

Terrace Thais sp. (gastropod, unspecified) 3: IBO (295) (history) 3:xxii (habitat) 308); 6:IB0:(256) (geology) : 70 (pollution tolerance of) (309) (activity report) :203; 4:195 (in species list) (309, 397) (map) (310) (mineral deposits; dyke petrology) Thakore, A.N. (313) (exploration potential) 1:200(478) (resin acid soaps, fatty acids &sodium (313, 384) (hot springs) salts of Kraft pulp mill wastes toxic 6: IBO (258) (granitic rocks) ity to young coho salmon) 2:IBO:(332) (identification of Kraft pulping Terrapin effluent toxic to juvenile coho Pacific (see Clemya marmorata) salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutoh))

Terzaghi, K. Thalas8ionema nitzschioides (diatom) 1:IB0:(367) (varieties of sub-marine slope 1:291 (in species list) failures) :(367) (discussion of paper by Mathews & Thala88iosira oondensata (diatom) Shepard (1962) on sedimentation of 1:291 (in species list) Fraser River delta) Thala8aio8ira decipiena (diatom) Testacida 1:291 (in species list) 1:260 (in species list) Thalassiosira nordenskoldii (diatom) Tester A.L. 1:150 (most heavily grazed by zooplankton in 1:IB0:(426); 2:IB0:(302) (B.C. herring catch Strait of Georgia near Fraser River mouth) statistics to 1943-44) :(426); 2:IB0:(302); 3:IB0:(361) (efficacy Thalassiosira sp. (diatom, unspecified) of catch limitations in regulating 1:149 (in Strait of Georgia phytoplankton) B.C. herring fishery) 2:205 (in species list) :(426); 2:IBO:(302); 3:IBO:(361) (estimation 4:106 (dominant spring bloom species) of recruitment & natural mortality rate from age composition & catch Thala88iothrix frauenfeldii (diatom) data in B.C. herring populations) 1:291 (in species list) 3: 87(361) (Pacific herring fishery) 4:IBO:(296) (herring mortality along southeast Thalasaiothrix sp. (diatom, unspecified) coast of Vancouver Island) 2:205 (in speqies list)

Tetrachlorobenzoqui none Thaleichthys paaificus (eulachon) 2:154 (toxic component in bleached Kraft mill 1: 5; 3:130; 6: 84, 90 (Indian fishery - effluent) significance; usage; transportation & cultural significance; historic importance) Tetrachlorocatechol :102, 109 (feed in estuary; role in food web) 2:154 (toxic component in bleached Kraft mill 102, 109; 3: 86 (migration -habits; downstream) effluent) :113 (as white sturgeon food) ;115 (as dogfish food) Tetraphis pellucida 123 (utilization by Indians; commercial fishery 3:226 (in species list) in estuary) 163 (predation by mergansers) Tetraspora sp. 87 (larval abundance) 2:103 (location of) :202; 3:218; 6:196 (in species list) :206 (in species list) 86 (abundance; estuarine residence) 86; 6: 84, 90 (spawning locations & season) Tetrastemma sp. (ribbon worm, unspecified) 86; 6: 84, 90 (predators) 6:188 (in species list) 92 (historical methods of capture & processing) 6(253) ("grease" trails) Tevendale, T.J. 84, 90 (historical & current exploitation) 4: 52(314) (Cowichan Bay shell fish-growing-water 90 (fishery locations) sanitary survey) :106, 107 (with respect to peak avian abundance) :149(316) (origin of high Ladysmith Harbour :150 (status & alleged tainting re Eurocan pulp coliform counts) mill) :IBO:(285) (industry) :(285) (tainting) 261. Tha Tho

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Thalictrwn ocoidentale (meadow rue) Thompson, J. 3:232 (in species list) 1:IB0:(470) (Roberts Bank landscape change & decision making process) Thamnophis elegans vagrans (wandering garter snake) 1:326 (habitat) Thompson, J.A.J. :326(440); 2:IB0:(312) (food) 1:IB0:(482) (fluorine & mercury re pollution) 2:219; 3:244; 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) 2:156(336) (zinc production in final years of Britannia Beach copper mine operations) Thamnopis ordinoides (Puget garter snake) :156(336) (ferric hydroxide concentrations over 1:326 (habitat; food) time) 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) :156(336) (coarse mine discharges sold to cement company) Thamnopis sirtalis (northwestern garter snake) :157(336) (Britannia mine sediment survey) 1:326 (habitat; food) :158(336) (high, intertidal zone iron 4:225; 5:193 (in species list) concentrations) :164(336) (mercury effects confined to FMC Thamnopis sp. (garter snake, unspecified) vicinity) 1:321 (as food of raccoon) :IBO:(336) (annual report re mercury) :(336) (annual report re flouride) Thallasionema sp. :(336) (copper-zinc concentrations in 2:206 (in species list) submerged mine tailings at Britannia Beach) Tharax (polychaetes) 4:151(316) (bioassays & field studies) 1:263; 4:193 (T. parvus (in species list) 6: 41(263) (re fluoride distribution in Kitimat Arm) 3:202 (T. sp. (in species list)) :144(283) (Howe Sound & Kitimat Arm/Douglas 4:193 (T. multifilis (in species list)) Channel region fluoride ion concentration comparison) Theaadinium :IB0:(263) (fluoride concentrations in two Pacific 1:261 (T. petasum; T. swedmarki; T. sp. (in coast inlets - indicative of species list)) industrial contamination) Thelepus setosus (polychaete) Thompson, J.W. 3:202; 4:193 (in species list) 1:IBO:(433) (five reports on Pacific northwest vascular plants) Thelypteris phegopteris (long beech or wood fern) 1:279; 3:232; 6:208 (in species list) Thompsor., R.E. 5: 56, 57(245) (calculated Strait of Georgia Theragra ohalcogrammus (whiting, big-eye or tidal currents) walleye pollock) 1:277; 2:202; 3:218; 5:174 (in species list) Thompson, T.G. :IB0:(419) (B.C. fishery) 1:IBO:(382) (seasonal copper concentrations in 2: 86, 174 (estuarine locations of) Juan de Fuca Strait surface waters) (387) (seasonal variations in San Juan Thimbleberry (see Rubus parviflorus) Channel surface waters) (389) (seasonal changes in sea water at Thiothrix sp. (blue-green algae, unspecified) Puget Sound Biological Station) 4:106 (color, abundance, habitat, feeding (395) (plankton & properties of surface strategy, range & anoxic conditions) waters of Puget Sound region) (432) (diatoms, physical & chemical Thistle properties of San Juan Archipelago bull (see Cirsium lancelatum; C. seawater) vulgare) Canada (see Cirsium arvensis) Thompson, W.F. common sow (see Sonohus asper) 1:IBO:(426) (Hell's Gate blockade & salmon) sow (see Sonchus oleraoeus) :(427) (marking experiments re Pacific unspecified (see Cirsium sp.) halibut life history) woody (see Cirsium undulatum) :(427); 3:IB0:(362) (biological statistics of the Pacific halibut fishery re effect Thomas, E.V. of changes in intensity upon total 1:IB0:(473) (problems re sewage treatment by yield per unit of gear) non-biological processes) 3:IB0:(320, 362) (life history of Pacific halibut) :(361) (effect of fishing on Pacific halibut Thomas, J.F.J. stocks) 1: 53(375) (Fraser River turbidity increases re runoff increases in delta waters) Thompson River 2:IBO:(336) (Fraser River drainage basin) 1:255, 256 (streamflow station; water quality 3:IBO:(314) (Skeena River drainage basin, parameters) Vancouver Island & B.C. coastal areas) Thomas, J.A. Thomas, R.C. 3: 86(349) (rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata) 1:IBO:(423) (steelhead trout sport fishery analysis] production) :(426) (B.C. steelhead sport fishery) : 91(348) (history of Butterworth-Warrior Rocks trawl fishery) 262. Tho Tid

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Thomson, J.A. (cont'd) 4:112 (re Douglas fir-moss, Douglas fir-swordfern 3:IBO:(362) (grey cod tagging in Hecate Strait) & western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair :(362) (fecundity of Pacific cod (Gadus fern, red cedar-red alder-skunk cabbage maorocephalu8) from Hecate Strait, associations) B.C.) 5: 16, 17 (habitats with respect to soils) :(362) (two reports on Hecate Strait ground- : 94, 96, 100 (woodland community associations) fish fishing expedition) : 94, 96, 100; 6: 91, 94, 96, 99, 100, 101 :(362) (fourreports on B.C. landings of B.C. (habitats) trawl-caught groundfish by month & 100, 101; 6: 94, 96, 98, 100, 101 (dominance) major statistical area) 6: 91, 96, 98 (forest associations) :(362, 363) (three reports on B.C. landings of 94, 96, 99, 100, 101 (community position) trawl-caught groundfish by month & by 96, 98, 99, 100, 101 (abundance) major & minor statistical area) :(363) (B.C. landings of trawl-caught Thunder groundfish by month, by major & minor 1:244 (annual days with, at Airport, 1937-1974) statistical areas & by total hours of effort by month & major area) Thunnus alalunga (Pacific albacore tuna) 1:IB0:(423); 2:IB0:(300); 3:IB0:(357) (age; Thomson, M. distribution; growth) 4:IBO:(277) (Cowichan River flood control) Thurber Consultants Thomson, R.E. 1:IB0:(368) (investigation of foundations for 1: 27(277) (Strait of Georgia longshore currents — both Dinsmore & Hudson Street bridges transport of Fraser River outflow across Fraser River to Vancouver materials toward Burrard Inlet) International Airport) 2:IBO:(261, 276) (longshore current generation in 2:IB0:(261) (soil mechanic stability study of two layer fluid with application to submarine slopes of proposed Strait of Georgia) Britannia deep sea port facility) 4:IB0:(310) (investigation & design of dredged Thoracica (free-living & commensal barnacles) landfill at Cowichan Bay) (see also Balanus) :(310) (proposed extension of fill, Cowichan 3:206 (in species list) Bay B.C.)

Thorea sp. (green alga, unspecified) Thya8ira (bivalves) 3:220 (in species list) 1:264 (T. sp. (in species list)) 4:197 (T. barbarensis (in species list)) Thraustoohytrium (marine fungus) 1:278 (T. proliferum; T. sp. (in species list)) Thyasira biseota (bivalve) 1:264; 3:204; 4:197 (in species list) Threadfin Sculpin (see Icelinus filamentosus) Thy8anoessa (euphausid) Threespine Stickleback (see Gasterosteus aculeatus) 2: 80 (T. sp. at fresh water - salt water interfaces) Thrush :199 (T. sp. (in species list)) Alaska hermit (see Hylocichla guttata) grey cheeked (see Hylooichla minima) Thysanoptera (thrips) hermit (see Catharis guttatus ) 2: 71 (as food of salmon fry) Swainson's (§ee_ Catharis ustalatus) :194 (unspecified Thysanopteran (in species list)] varied (see_ Ixoreus naevius) Tiarella trifoliata (foam flower) Thryomanes bewickii (Bewick's wren) 2:108 (common in Arbutus subzone) 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) :111 (Ribes-Oplopanax ecosystem type) 2:240; 4:221; 5:189 (in species list) :207; 3:232; 6:210 (in species list) 3:112 (coastal forest understory component) Thuja plicata (western red cedar) 4:113 (re Douglas fir-swordfern associations & 1:131 (on steeply sloped estuarial areas) western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair :145 (in Boundary Bay forest area) fern associations) 2:108 (common in coastal Douglas fir zone & 6: 99, 100 (community position; abundance) Arbutus subzone) :111 (Lonioera-Rubus; Ribes-Oplopanax & Tiarella unifoliata (western codwort) Symphoricarpo8 ecosystem types) 6:210 (in species list) -.144 (second growth stands) :209; 3:235; 4:215; 5:184; 6:202 (in species list) Tibbetts, T.E. 3:xxiv, 108 (common in coastal western hemlock 5: 12(231) (classification of Nanaimo coal) biogeoclimatic zone) :IBO:(231) (analysis directory of Canadian coals) :109 (preferred drainage) 109 (as bog & transition zone residents) Ticks (see Acarina) 109; 5:100, 101 (preferred soil types) 112 (coastal forest component) Tidal Effects :113 (floodplain vegetation; successional 1: xv (as critical component of estuarial system) forest component) : 19, 52, 252-253 (extent of, on estuary river 115 (muskeg vegetation) system) 263. Tid Tom

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Tidal Effects (cont'd) Timothy (see Phleum pratense) 1: 20 (on salt wedge intrusion into river channels) : 60-62 (hydraulic models to simulate effects on Tin river flow, salt-wedge, etc.) 1:212 (tin chloride & elemental tin as constituents : 63, 71, 73-78, 204 (in Strait of Georgia along of effluents from some industries) estuary front) :IB0:(379, 381); 5:IB0:(239) (Georgia & Juan de Tintinnida (ciliates) Fuca Strait tidal model) 1:270 (unidentified) :(379, 381); 2:IB0:(324); 4:IB0:(278); 5:IB0: (239); 6:IB0 (263) (tables) Tipper, H.W. (384); 2:IBO:(270) (Juan de Fuca Strait) 3:IB0:(314) (Nechako River area) (387, 391) (Boundary Bay) :(314) (revision of Hazelton &Takla groups [387, 391); 2:IBO:(270,277)(Strait of Georgia) of central B.C.) (387, 391); 2:IBO:(275) (re embayments) 2:xviii (Howe Sound) Tipulidae (craneflies) : 60 (re tidepool habitat) 1:266; 4:187; 6:187 (in species list) : 60 (flood tide waves) : 60, 61 (measurement of) Tisbe furcata (harpacticoid copepods) : 61 (meteorological effects re) 5: 69 (habitat; salmonid consumption of) : 61; 5: 48; 6:xxiv, 45, 46, 47 (height -effects; inequalities; anomalies; differences re Titanium Ion Kitimat & Bella Bella tides - implication 1:212 (as toxic constituent in effluents from some of & rationale for) industries) : 61, 6: 46, 47 (time) :114 (re feeding habitat of Anatinae) Toad 3:xxi (tidal currents; mixing; stratification; northwestern (see Bufo boreas boreas) river discharge effects re) Pacific tree (see Hyla regilla) :xxi, 56 (diurnal range inequalities) :xxi, 63 (flushing —channel; estuarine) Toad Rush (see Junaus bufonius) : 34 (re Chatham Sound, Porpoise Harbour, Wainwright Basin & Watson Island dissolved Toads (unspecified) oxygen levels) 1: 326 (as food of snake) : 55 (re tide rips; tidal phenomena; navigation) : 56 (observations; average & maximum tidal Todd, I.S. ranges; factors effecting) 1:104(427) (Fraser River chum salmon migration : 56 (re coastal oceanography; tide types) patterns & habits) : 57 (re atmospheric pressure modifications; wind stress) Todd, I.St.P. : 62 (re mixing; vertical, homogeneity, 3:IBO:(363) (three reports on gill net selectivity stratification & seasonal modification of) on sockeye (Onoorhynohus nerka) & pink IBO:(323) (tide prediction & calibration) (Onoorhynohus gorbuscha) salmon of the xxiii (nature & source of) Skeena River system) 61 (recording stations) 61 (influences on, in Stuart Channel & Todd, S.P. Satellite Channel) 1:IBO:(389) (seasonal changes in sea water at 62 (concerning regional flood tides) Puget Sound Biological Station) 62; 5: 49; 6: 46, 47 (tidal characteristics) 64 (diagrams) Tofieldia glutinosa (false asphodel) 70 (re pulp mill effluent distribution patterns) 6:101 (community position; species associations) 48 (regular regime) :206 (in species list) 55, 58 (with respect to Nanaimo estuary currents) Tokar, E. 63 (regarding Northumberland Channel currents) 2: 44(267) (dissolved oxygen content in Woodfibre 238 (Departure Bay) vicinity) xxiv, 45 (classification) 45 (tidal amplitude) Tollerefson, R. 103 (re waterfowl) 2: 44(265, 267, 329) (dissolved oxygen content in Woodfibre vicinity) Tidal Flats (see Flats, tidal; Tidal effects) Tolmiea menziesii Tidepool Snailfish (see Liparis florae) 6:210 (in species list)

Tiffin, D.L. Tomcod 1: 5(368) (tidal flats of Boundary & Mud bays) Paci fi c (see Miorogadus proximus) : 28(368) (structure & origin of Fraser River delta foreslope hills) Tomopteris (polychaetes) 2:IBO:(261) (bathymetric map of Howe Sound) 1:271 (t. sp. (in species list)) :(261) (continuous seismic profiling in the Strait of Georgia) Toms, I.P. 1:IBO:(474) (techniques for counting C14 carbon (14) Tiger Lily (see Li Hum columbianum) & P32 phosphorus (32) labelled samples of polluted natural waters) 264. Ton Tre

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX Tongue 2:IB0:(332) (re mining) hounds (see Cryptantha ambigua) 4:IB0:(316) (boron concentrations) 5:IB0:(238) (re B.C. shellfish) Tonioella insignis 2:189 (in species list) Traohydermon sp. (chiton, unspecified) 3:202 (in species list) Tonioella lineata (chiton) 2:189; 3:202; 4:194; 5:169 (in species list) Traohyrhynchu8 (gastropods) 1:264 (T. sp. (in species list)) Topography 1: 10-17, 21-29, 128 (of estuary) Trailing Blackberry (see Rubus pedatus) :I BO:(390) (Strait of Georgia bottom) Trailing Chickweed (see Stellaria humifusa) Toporowski, M. 5:145(282) (re cement operations) Transennella tantilla (bivalve) 3: 74 (abundance; species associations) Torpedo califomica (Pacific electric eel) :204; 5:170 (in species list) 3:218 (in species list) Transolini, ( Tortanus (calanoids) 1:208(482) [likelihood of new sewage disposal 273; 3:213 (T. disoaudatus (in species list)) facilities required for disposal of 75 (T. disoaudatus planktonic components) toxic & hazardous substances not now 76 (re fish consumption) permitted to enter present facilities 213 (t. sp. (in species list)) for Greater Vancouver area)

Ttfrum, A. Transport of Sediments by Water Action (see 1:IBO:(369) (engineering evaluation of the tsunami Hydraulic models; Hydrology; Sediments)- of the 1964 Alaska earthquake) Transportation (see also British Columbia Ferries, Total Dissolved Solids (T.D.S.) specific names of railway) 3: 33 (period of maximum concentration) 1:IB0:(462) (re metropolitan development, people : 33 (in Cronin Creek) & employment) :(488) (British Columbia ferry terminal plans) Total Suspended Solids (see Solids, total suspended) 2:IB0:(256, 329) (Indian Arm-Squamish highway) 3:137 (canoe travel, usage, construction & Towhee capacities) rufous-sided [see Pipilo erythrophthalmus) :137 (steamboat history & service) :137, 138 (transcontinental railroad financing, Towne, W. construction, organization, problems, route 1:IB0:(477) (log storage & rafting in public & transportation related industries) waters) :138 (highway construction route) ;138 (ferry service to Prince Rupert) Townsend's Big-eared Bat (see Pleaotus townsendi) ;139 (air transportation to Prince Rupert) IBO (299) (study) Toxicants (see Pesticides; Pollution headings; (380, 382, 383) (northwest plans) Polychlorinated biphenyls; Water quality; also (384) (railway operation) names of chemical elements & certain chemical compounds) Trautvetteria aarolinieneis oaoidentalis (false bug- 1:200-201 (types of) bane) :206, 207 (of residual chlorine from sewage 6:208 (in species list) treatment, to fish) :211-213, 329-341 (in sewage & industrial Trautvetteria grandis (bugbane) effluents, re water pollution) 4:113 (re western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair :246-251 (industrial emissions re atmospheric fern associations) pollution) :IB0:(425, 480); 2:IB0:(301, 335); 3:IB0:(392) Travisia (polychaetes) (re chlorinated catechols) 1:263 (T. sp. (in species list)) :(478); 2:IB0:(333); 3:IB0:(391) (re deinking 3:202; 4:193 (T. brevis (in species list)) wastes containing detergents) 4:193 (T. pupa (in species list)) :(480); 2:IB0:(332, 333, 335); 3:IB0:(392) (Kraft pulp bleach plant wastes) Tredcroft, E.H. :(481) (re marine monitoring) 1:IB0:(375) (Fraser River suspended sediment survey) :(481); 2:IB0:(301, 355) (re decaying bark) 143 (chlorine in sewage effluents) Trees (see also Bark; Buds; Leaves; Nuts; Roots; 150, 151, 152, 153 (in pulp effluent) Seeds; Shoots; Stems; also Forestry products & 154 (re underyearling sockeye salmon) industry; names of specie?) 154 (identified in bleached Kraft mill effluent) 1:129, 133, 141, 143, 145 (of estuary localities) 154 (Kraft mill effluent toxicity reduction :139 (map showing woodland areas) methods) :288-290; 2:208-209; 3:233, 234, 244; 4:215; 5:182, :155 (flushing rates re concentrations of; 183, 184; 6:200, 203, 209 (species list) oxygen demand) :IBO:(430-438); 2:IB0:(304-310); 3:IBO:(365-369); :IBO:(290) (effects on marine organisms; evaluation; 4:IB0:(297-300); 5:IB0:(261-266); 6:IB0: methodology improvements) (271-272) (bibliography including) 265. Tre Tri

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Treidel, A. 3: 65 (as food of salmon fry) 5:IBO:(228) (re island & coastal lowland : 66 (tolerance to pollution) groundwater resources) : 66 (larvae in McNichol Creek) :205; 4:187; 6:185 (in species list) Trematoda 4:xxi (upper Cowichan River inhabitants) 5:IB0:(253) (re endoparastism of fish) 5:108 (habitat; re trout)

Trenholm, C.H. Trichotropis cancellata (gastropod) 1: 35(371) (Greater Vancouver average annual 2:189; 3:203 (in species list) precipitation) Trientalis arotica (starflower) Tresus (bivalve) 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) 4:197 (T. nuttali (in species list)) :232 (in species list) :197; 5:167 (T. oapax (in species list)) 5: 70, 74 (T. capaxt T. nuttali estuarine habitat & Trientalis latifolia (starflower) abundance; commercial & recreational 3:232; 4:214 (in species list) demand; value & palatability) Trifolium dubium (little yellow clover) Trethewey, D.E.C. 4:214; 6:205 (in species list) 4:115(304) (information source) :116(304) (nesting region of Canada geese on Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover) Vancouver Island) 1:286; 6:205 (in species list) :117(304) (diving ducks nesting in the Cowichan- Chemainus area) Trifolium pratense (red clover) :120(304) (shorebirds nesting in Cowichan & 1:286; 4:214; 5:182, 184; 6:205 (in species list) Chemainus salt marshes) :121(304) (waterfowl wintering in Cowichan Bay) Trifolium procumbens (low hop clover) :122(304) (raptors nesting in the Cowichan- 1:286 (in species list) Chemainus region) 126(304) (waterfowl species hunted) Trifolium repens (white clover) 127(304) (naturalists' interests) 1:286; 4:214; 6:206 (in species list) 128(304) (need for improved species & habitat management) Trifolium sp. (clover, unspecified) :141(310) (report assessing the impact of four 1:286; 6:206 (in species list) development proposals on estuarine 6: 94 (re aster-alder shrubland) wildlife & wildlife-related recreational resources) Trofolium wormskjoldii (Pacific clover) 5: 97, 143(266, 282) (sedimentation & eelgrass 2:106 (in grass communities) abundance) :208; 3:232; 4:214 (in species list) : 98(266) (location, area & abundance of 3:114 (grass-forb meadow component) estuarine eelgrass) 102(269) (re Nanaimo port alternatives) Trigloohin maritima (arrow grass) 109(269) (estuarine nesting sites of raptors) 1:132 (in sedge & bulrush communities of islands 111(269) (regions inhabited by mule deer) & tidal flats of river's South Arm) 144(282) (eelgrass bed disturbance re log 106 (floristic habitat) handling) 106 (as food of ducks) :IBO:(224) (impact of proposed Nanaimo Harbour :208; 3:232; 4:214; 5:181, 183; 6:205 (in species development on wildlife) list) 3:114 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone Trewartha, G.T. vegetation) 5: 18(235) (climate of estuary) 4: 25, 108 (distribution & dominance within the Chemainus salt marsh) Trichocladius sp. 6: 94 (habitat; species associations) 6:186 (in species list) Trigloohin palustris Trichodinids (parasitic protozoa) 6:205 (in species list) 5:IB0:(252) (habitat) Trilium ovatum (triIlium or western wake robin) Trichodon trichodon (sandfish) 3:232 (in speices list) 3: 88 (estuarine resident) :218 (in species list) Tri11iurn (see Trilium ovatum)

Trichohylaus columbiensis Tringa flavipes (lesser yell owlegs) 1:260 (in species list) 1:163-164, 302 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:213 (in species list) Trichoptera (Caddisflies) (see also Family listed in 6:105 (estuarine occurrence of) list reference hereunder! 1: 83 (larvae in river near Mission) Tringa melanoleuoa (greater yell owlegs) :266 (list of families) 1:163-164, 302 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:194, 200 (unidentified trichopteran (in species 2:212; 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) list)) 3:xxii (drainage system benthos) Tringa solitaria (solitary sandpiper) : 64, 65 (in Lakelse Lake, Babine Lake & Morrison 3:238; 4:218; 5:187; 6:214 (in species list) Lake) 266. Tri Tul

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Tringa sp. (yellow legs, unspecified) 1:327 (waterfowl census table) 2:121 (estuarine Sightings) :IBO:(361) (south shore transport) :212 (in species list) (470) (marine development study) Tripp, B.W. (475) (water quality monitoring programme) 1:IBO:(349) (publication,summary of a Coastal Zone Workshop) Tsimpsean Penninsula 3: 34 (color, pH, total dissolved solids, Secchi Tripp, R.B. disc depth & organic matter observations 2:IB0:(270) (oceanographic data records generated for Stumaun Creek, Neaxtoalk, Prudhomme & from Monitor project) Rainbow lakes) :IB0:(311, 383) (culture) Trisetum oernuum (nodding false-oat) 3:232 (in species list) Tsimpsean Peninsula Federal-Provincial Joint Commlttee Trites, R.W. 3: xv (re purpose & activities) 3: 40(329) (salmon migration re behaviour of Nass & Skeena rivers) Tsuga heteropylla (hemlock) : 41(329) (main impact ot Skeena River water) 1:144 (around margin of bogs) : 43(329) (behavior of Nass &Skeena rivers) :145 (in deep soil of Boundary Bay area) : 45(329) (surface salinity pattern in estuary 2:108 (common in coastal Douglas fir zone) during normal river conditions) :144 (second growth stands) :209; 3:235; 5:184; 6:202 (in species list) Triticum aestivum (wheat) 3:xxiv, 108 (common in coastal western hemlock 1:135 (in delta pasture land) biogeoclimatic zone) :109 (preferred drainage & soil types) Tritonia (gastropod) :109 (as transition zone vegetation) 4:195 (T. sp. (in species list)) :112 (coastal forest component) :112; 5:100; 6: 91, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101 Troohammina (habitats of) 1:258 (T. charlottensis; T. discorbis; Tl nana; :113 (floodplain vegetation; successional forest T. paoifica; T. squamata; T. squamiformis component) (in species list)} :115 (muskeg vegetation) 4:111 (prominent upper story vegetation) Trochamninita sp. :112 (re tree layer of Douglas fir-moss & 1:258 (in species list) Douglas fir-swordfern associations) 5: 16, 17 (habitats with respect to soil types) Troglodytes aedon (house wren) :100 (water requirements; ecological niche; l-:309 (habitat; food; etc.) subzonal characteristics) 3:240; 4:221; 5:189 (in species list) :100; 6: 91 (forest associations) :100; 6:100, 101 (species dominance) Troglodytes troglodytes (winter wren) 6: 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101 (abundance; community 1:309 (habitat; food; etc.) positions) 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) : 98 (successional species) :IB0:(282) (regional degradation) Trorey, L.G. 5:IBO:(277) (Nanaimo regional planning design) Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock) 3:112 (coastal forest component) Trout :116 (montane community component) coastal cutthroat (see Salmo clarki olarki) :235 (in species list) Dolly varden (see Salvelinus mahna) 5:101 (characteristic subalpine component) rainbow or steelhead (see Salmo gairdneri) :120 (logging locations) Yellowstone cutthroat (see Salmo olarki lewisi) 6: 91 (habitat; forest associations) :160 (re fluoride studies) Troyer, W.A. 3:IB0:(374) (trumpeter swans in Alaska) Tube-snout (see Aulorhynohus flavidus)

Trussell, P.C. Tubeworms (see also Crugigera; Serpula) 5:140(280) (biological oxygen demand 2:159, 160, 161 (in Britannia mine vicinity) determinations) Tubificidae Trypanosyllis ingens (polychaete) 4:185; 6:183 (in species list) 1:IBO:(397); 2:IBO:(282) (rediscovery) Tubularia sp. Tsawwassen 2:186 (in species list) l:xviii, 22, 24, 136-137(472) (ferry causeway effects on water movement, sedimentation; Tufted Clubrush (see Soirpus caespitosus) intertidal habitats) 33-36, 245 (climatological stations) Tufted Hairgrass (see Deachampaia aaespito8a 40, 42, 245 (winds) longifloria) 75 (strong waves) 128 (geology of wooded area) Tully, J.P. 132 (eelgrass community near ferry slip) 1: 78(389) (Strait of Georgia water properties & factors affecting its fisheries) Tul 267. Tut

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Tully, J.P. (cont'd) 2: 58 (Fraser River silt contribution) 1:149(389) (Fraser River as source of silicon, : 58 (distribution with respect to & Strait of Georgia as source of depth) phosphorus, for suppling nutrients : 99, 128; 5: 93 (phytoplankton -effect on for diatoms) growth & distribution; with respect to :IB0:(384) (some oceanographic features of Juan blooms) de Fuca Strait) 143 (re sewage discharges) :(389) (non-tidal currents in approaches to 145 (re logging & fish) Juan de Fuca Strait) 145; 3:168 (re benthos) :(389) (oceanography in Vancouver approaches) 158, 168 (water clarity with respect to depth) :(389) (Vancouver Sewerage Board project) 159, 161 (clouds & currents re tailings :(389) (Fraser River estuary project) deposition) :(389); 2:IB0:(276) (review of Canadian :175 (re dredging activities) Pacific oceanography since 1938) 3: xx, 31 (derivation; eventual suspended particle :(389, 482); 2:IB0:(276, 336); 3:IB0:(330) deposition) (structure, entrainment & transport 33 (highest during spring freshet) in estuarine embayments) 37 (in Porpoise Harbour & Wainwright Basin) :(424) (variable oceanographic factors re 53 (seasons, sources & estuarine effects re migration & survival of Fraser River deposition; effects on water clarity & salmon) Secchi disc depth) 2:IBO:(276) (Strait of Georgia water properties : 54 (minimum salinity correlation) & influencing factors) :168 (with respect to mine effluent discharge, 3: 39(330) (seawater observations) photosynthesis & light penetrance) : 40(330) (salmon migration re behavior of Nass 6: 44 (seasonal surface water clarity; Secchi disc & Skeena rivers) depth; recording stations) :IBO:(330) (notes on fresh water entrainment) : 45 (distribution) :(330) (two reviews of Canadian Pacific oceanography) Turbonilla (gastropods) :(394) (waste disposal in the marine 1:264; 4:195 (T. sp. (in species list)) environment) 4: 74 (T. sp. inhabits Stuart Channel) 4:IB0:(293) (Cowichan Bay salmon mortality) 5: ,41(246, 247) (re sewage dispersion & transport) Turbot (see Atheresthes stomias) : 50(246) (nutrient distribution & seasonal variations) Turbulence : 55(246, 247) (wind effects) 1: 63, 64, 76 (in waters of San Juan Islands : 59(247) (typical, variable & confused surface channels re disruption of layered current patterns re various wind seawater system of Fraser River conditions) discharge into Strait of Georgia) :136(282) (water quality investigations re domestic sewage discharge) Turdus migratorius (American robin) :137(282) (re sewage disposal) 1:310 (habitat; food; ect.) :IBO:(245) (report on Inner Harbour port site) 2:214; 3:240; 4:221; 5:189; 6:215 (in species list) :(283) (Nanaimo Harbour pollution study) Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) (see Poultry) Tunicata 1:228 (most disappear under anaerobic conditions) Turner, B.D. :269 (unidentified species) 5:IB0:(234) (B.C. resource atlas) 2: 74, 75, 76, 77, 148, 159 (habitats of Asoidia oallooa3 A. paratropa3 Boltenia villosa3 Turner, J.A. Corella willmeriana3 Halocynthia aurantium) 1:IBO:(371) (intense drying periods over southern :160, 161 (status in the Britannia mine vicinity) B.C. coast) :165 (inhabit Sunset Marina) Turner, M. Turbellaria (flatworms) 1:IB0:(482) (land, air & water pollution in 1: 91 (plentiful in Richmond Nature Park) Greater Vancouver Regional District) :227 (salinity tolerance) :262 (unidentified marine forms) Turner, R.D. 4:190 (in species list) 1:IB0:(470) (B.C. provincial park planning)

Turbidity (see also Sediments) Turnip (see Brassica oampestris; Brassioa rapa) 1: 52-54 (in estuary waters & adjacent Strait of Georgia) Turnstone : 52-54; 6: 45 (causes, nature & results of) black (see Arenaria melanooephala) : 56, 59, 255-257 (re water quality) ruddy (see Arenaria interpres morinella) :206 (near sewage outfalls in estuary) 2:xvii (fluctuations) Turtle : 44, 45, 46; 6: 44 (measurement of) western painted (see Chrysemys piota belli) : 49 (variations re runoff fluctuations) : 51 (utilized in connection with freshwater Tutt, B. distribution determinations) 6: 39(262) (evaluation of Kitimat Valley : 58 (sources & eventual deposition of suspended flooding problems) material) 268. Twa Uni

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Twayblade Ulota megaloapora broad-lipped (see Li8tera convallaroides) 3:226 (in species list) heart-leaved (see Listera oordata) northwest (see Listera caurina) Ulothrix sp. (green alga', unspecified) 1:146 (in Sturgeon Banks upper marsh tidal pools) Twinberry black (see_ Lonicera involuorata) Ulrich, V.A. 1:IB0:(482) (environmental problems of lower Twinflower (see Linnaea borealia) Fraser River & Strait of Georgia re Department of Indian Affairs) Twinflower Marigold (see Caltha biflora) Viva expanea (sea lettuce) Twisted Stalk (see Streptopus roseus) 5:180 (in species list)

Tynen, M.J. Viva fenestrata (sea lettuce) 1:IB0:(515) (Pacific oyster breeding in B.C.) 3:220; 5:180 (in species 11st)

Tyner, R.B. Viva lactuoa (sea lettuce) 1:IBO:(371) (paths of cold air in polar outbreaks 102 (duration of abundance) in B.C.) 103 (east delta location) 206; 3:220; 5:180 (in species list) Typha latifolia (cat-tail) (see also Cat-tail community) Viva rigida (sea lettuce) 1:131 (dominant species in cat-tail communities) 3:220 (in species list) :142 (on Fraser River South Arm islands named) :144 (on Shady Island) Viva soagellii (sea lettuce) :146 (patches on river mainstem areas) 1:292; 3:220 (in species list) :153 (as food of waterfowl on estuary banks & marshes) Viva sp. (sea lettuce, unspecified) 2:106, 107; 3:xxiv, 108; 6: 95, 102 (habitat) 1:133, 139, 146 (usually associated with Zoatera :208; 5:183; 6:210 (in speices list) (eelgrass) on beaches from Point Roberts 3:108 (locations; usage) around to Crescent Beach) 6: 95, 102 (species associations) :138 (near Tsawwassen ferrv slip) :102 (abundance) :147 (on lona Island jetty) 2:206; 3:220; 5:180 (in species list) Typhaceae (cat-tail family) (see also Typha) 3:104 (pollution tolerance) 6:210 (in species list) :105 (location of) 105; 6: 92 (abundance) 96 (community types) Tyrannus tyrannus (eastern kingbird) 104 (re waterfowl diet) 1:307 (habitat; food; etc.) :105 (with respect to black brant) 2:213; 3:239; 4:220 (in species list) 92 (distribution; habitat) Tyrannus verticalis (eastern kingbird) 4:220 (in species list) Umbelliferae (parsley family) (see also Angelica; Coelopleurum; Conioselinum; Heraoleum; Ligusticum; Oenanthe; Osmorhiza) Tyto alba (barn owl) 1:305 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:106 (distribution) :328 (1970 raptor census of delta by areas) 6:210 (in species list) 2:213; 4:219; 5:188 (in species list) Vnoinais unoinata (oligochaete) Tytonidae (owls) 6:183 (in species list) 2:123 (delta raptors) Underwood, McLellan and Associates Limited 1:IBO:(470) (pipeline corridors in B.C. lower Tywoniuk, N. mainland) 1: 20, 23(368) (composition of Fraser River 4: 29(272) (Cowichan River dyke construction delta channel sediments) : 49(368) (water flow distribution in lower proposal) :142, 160(310) (re dyking of Cowichan Indian Fraser Valley channels) agricultural land to control annual flooding)

Unesco 1:IB0:(375) (hydrology of deltas) Ungulinidae (bivalves) 3:204 (in species list) Udvardy, D. 1:IB0:(443) (black brant harvest, lower B.C. United States Army, Coastal Engineering Center mainland) 1:IB0:(471) (shore protection: planning & design) United States Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 1:IB0:(353) (national estuary study) 269. Uni Urb

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

United States Congress University of British Columbia, Centre for 1:IB0:(353); 3:IB0:(304) (authorization to Continuing Education preserve, protect, develop, 1:IB0:(471) (land-use in Fraser Valley -whose restore & make accessible the concern?) nation's estuarine areas) :(353); 3:IB0:(305) (coastal zone management University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry heari ng) 1:IBO:(353) (master plan for Boundary Bay) :(353) (hearings re protecting Puget Sound, Straits of Georgia & Juan de Fuca University of British Columbia, School of Community estuaries) and Regional Planning 3:IBO:(305) (protection of America's estuaries) 1:IBO:(471) (study of selected cases of physical evaluation of Greater Vancouver United States Department of Agriculture residential land subdivision) 1:IBO:(368) (sedimentation in estuaries, harbours :(471) (Bridgeview: a suburban renewal study & coastal areas) in Surrey, Fraser River delta) :(471) (Delta in transition: a project of United States Department of the Interior trends) 1:IBO:(482) (bibliography of estuarine pollution) Unvardy, M.D.F. United States Department of Transportation, Coast 1:IBO:(453) (waterfowl population survey in Guard Fraser River mouth) 1:IBO:(482) (oil pollution in Puget Sound estuary waters, Washington) Upland Coniferous Forest 6:100, 101 (location; zonal characteristics; United States. Federal Water Pollution Control species composition; forest Administration structure; density & ecology) 1:IBO:(482) (national estuarine pollution study) Upland Coniferous Swampland (see Upland Pine United States Fish and Wildlife Service Muskeg Zone) 1:IBO:(353) (management studies in specific estuaries) Upland Pine Muskeg Zone 6:101 (location; distribution; zonal characteris United States National Parks Service tics, species composition; forest structure 1: 98(471) (map of major invertebrate & fisheries & ecology) areas, Fraser River delta region) :190(471) (potential beach-use areas in delta Upland Starflower (see Trientalis arctioa) region) :235(471) (map of proposed recreational Vpogebia (burrowing shrimps) development areas in delta region) 91 (V. pugettensis in Boundary Bay tidal flats) 100 (common in delta mud flats) United States Senate 200; 5:168, 170 (V. pugettensis (in species list)) 1:IB0:(482) (United States national estuarine pollution study) Upwelling, oceanographic 1: xv, 64, 70 (re nutrient supply 1n estuarine University of British Columbia waters) 1: 8 (source of information) 51 (nutrient supply; plankton distribution) : 33, 44 (climatology) 51; 5: 43, 47 (causes) :IB0:(361) (sub-soils) 4:IB0:(282) (initiation) :(389); 2:IB0:(276); 3:IB0:(330) (Institute 5: 43, 47 (ramifications) of Oceanography 1967 annual report) 85(303) (freshwater fish observed in Squamish Urban Communities of Vegetation region) 1:133 (gardens; trees; lawns; parks; golf courses) 116(320) (areas utilized by Canada geese for nesting & staging) Urban Development 124(320) (mammal habitat - Squamish River 1:184-186 (history; population forecast; urban drainage basin) sprawl; economics of development for 125(320) (big game distributions in the lots & housing versus farmland & Squamish River basin) industry) 134(326) (sea port construction at Squamish) :185(463,464) ("urban sprawl") 134(326) (Squamish: a self-contained, :IBO:(347) (needs) industrially based community) :(348) (civic government; settlement patterns) 138(327) (prospective recreational usage of :(454-472); 2:IB0:(321-327); 3:IBO:(380-385); Howe Sound) 4:IB0:(305-310); 5:IB0:(270-278); 139(327) (environmental protection re 6:IBv0:(274-279) (bibliography recreational development) including) 144(337) (Squamish timber resources) :(455) (re South Vancouver) IBO:(326) (regional development planning for :(459) (agricultural role in) northern Vancouver Island, B.C.) :(462) (feasibility studies) 15(231) (grain size analysis of Nanaimo River :(464, 465) (in lower mainland) delta surficial sediments) :(465) (suburban problems) IBO:(277) (Vancouver Island regional develop 175 (re Squamish flood-plain) ment plan) IB0:(332); 3:IB0:(380) (land use planning) 8(263) (of the Cowichan-Chemainus region) Urb 270. Vac SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Urban Development (cont'd.) 4:IBO:(272) (ammonite faunas of Vancouver Island 4:136 (water demands & supplies) Upper Cretaceous rocks) :IBO:(265) (re Vancouver Island) 5:151 (re Nanaimo area) Vsnea ceratina 6: 77 (re Kitimat River fish production) 3:226 (in species list) :113 (regional population distribution) Vsnea hirta Urban Programme Planners 3:226 (in species list) 4:129(310) (studies concerning land &water use development conflicts) Vsnea longissima :140(310) (re current land use in the Cowichan 3:226 (in species list) River estuary) :143(310) (Cowichan Valley Regional District Ustach, J.F. community plan) 4:IBO:(283) (role of organic debris & associated :IBO:(272) (Cowichan Valley Regional District micro-organisms in pelagic estuarine soils) food chains) Urhahn, H.J.M. Vtrioularia sp. (bladderwort, unspecified) 1:166 (453) (great blue heron nests & feeds in 3:108 (habitat of) Boundary Bay area, Point Grey & :232 (in spectes list) Stanley Park) 2:IBO:(320) (feeding ecology of great blue heron) Utterback, C.L. 1:IB0:(389) (light penetration in San Juan Vria aalge (common murre) Archi pel ago waters) 1:305 (habitat; food; etc.) :(390) (variations in submarine daylight 2:120 (seasonal estuarine inhabitants) components) :213; 3:238; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) 3:120 (over-winter on delta) Uvarov, E.B. 6:106 (estuarine sightings) 4:IB0:(265) (science dictionary)

Vrospora mirabilis (see also Eelgrass) Vvigerina junoea 1:292 (in species list) 1:260 (in species list) Ursidae (bears) (see also Vrsus) 3:122 (historical distribution) :243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list)

Vrsus amerioanus (American black bear) 1:172, 323 (food; isolated populations in delta) :172, 323; 6:110 (habitat) :222 (re food chain) Vaocinium alaskaense (Alaskan blueberry) 2:126 (track observations) 2:108 (common in Pacific silver fir-western :218; 3:243; 4:224; 5:192; 6:218 (in species list) hemlock subzone) 3:xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena region) :209; 3:234; 6:204 (in species list) :124 (distribution; seasonal diet) 6: 99, 100, 101 (community position; species :124; 4:125 (population size) associations) 4:125 (frequency of occurrence) 5:113; 6:111 (re hunting) Vaocinium caespitosum (dwarf huckleberry) 6:110 (abundance; nuisance) 3:234; 6:204 (in species list)

Vrsus arotos horribilis (grizzly bear) Vacoinium corymbosum (cultivated blueberry) 2:218; 3:243; 6:218 (in species list) 1:143 (in treeless area of bogs) 3:xxv, 122 (inhabit Skeena region) :123 (recreational resource potential) Vacoinium maorooarpon (cultivated blueberry) 6:110 (primary habitat; habitat destruction) 1:143 (in wettest area of bogs) :111 (re hunting) Vaocinium membranaaeum (big huckleberry) Vrtica dioica (common nettle) 3:234; 6:204 (in species list) 1:287; 4:214 (in species list) Vacoinium myrtilloidea (velvet-stem blueberry) Vrtioa lyalli (stinging nettle) 1:143 (in treeless area of bogs) 1:287; 3:232; 6:211 (in species list) 6: 96, 102 (species associations) Vaocinium ovalifolium (tall blue huckleberry) :102 (abundance; community position) 1:288; 3:234; 6:204 (1n species list) 6:100 (community position) Vrtica sp. (nettle, unspecified) 6:211 (in species list) Vacoinium ovatum (evergreen huckleberry) 3:234 (in species list) Urticaceae (nettle family) (see also Vrtica) 6:211 (in species list) Vaocinium oxyooaoua (bog craneberry) 1:143 (in wettest area of bogs) Usher, J.L. 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) 4:IBO:(272) (stratigraphy of palaeontology of Vancouver Island Upper Cretaceous rocks) Vac 271 Van

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Vaocinium oxycoacus (bog cranberry) (cont'd) Vancouver 3:234; 6:204 (in species list) 1:IB0:(350) (history) 6:101 (community position; species associations; (356) (surficial geology; Point Grey erosion) abundance) (357, 358, 359, 361, 364); 2:IB0:(255, 256, 257, 259) (urban geology) Vacoinium parvifolium (red huckleberry) (359); 4:IB0:(267); 5:IB0:(226) (Cretaceous 1:288; 2:209; 3:234; 5:184; 6:204 (in species period) list) (362); 2:IBO:(257) (sea level oscillations) 2:108 (common in Douglas fir-western hemlock (363) (folisols) subzone) (365) (coast range batholith) 3:xxiv (common in coastal western hemlock (367, 452) (port development) biogeoclimatic zone) (369) (oil boring operations) :109 (preferred drainage & soil types) (370) (surface temperatures; northwest :109 (bog & transition zone component) wind development; climate) :112 (coastal forest component) :(371) (climate trends; precipitation :113 (foreshore-coastal forest transition zone patterns) vegetation) :(372); 2:IB0:(328) (status of forest :126 (shrub-forb vegetation) product's air discharges) 4:112 (prominance & habitat re Douglas fir :(440) (Christmas bird count) associations) :(441, 442, 451); 2:IB0:(312, 313, 319) :113 (swampy shrub layer component) (birds & their status) 6: 99, 100 (community position; species :(455) (South) associations) :(457, 469, 470) (harbour traffic trends & facilities) Vaocinium soopium (blueberry) :(458, 468) (rapid transit) 1:288 (in species list) :(460, 468) (waterfront usage; commodity 3:112 (habitat of; coastal forest component) distribution; real estate trends) :113 (successional forest component; foreshore- (461) (economic trends & prospects) coastal forest transitional vegetation) (461) (residential zones) :116 (montane community component) (461, 465); 2:IBO:(324) (population growth) (461, 468); 2:IB0:(323) (official regional Vaocinium sp. (red elderberry, huckleberry, plan) unspecified) (461, 469) (industrial zones) 3:112 (exposed coastal forest component) (463, 469) (transportation) :113 (floodplain vegetation; successional (469) (conservation proposals) forest component; foreshore-coastal (473, 478, 482, 483) (pollution - noise, forest transition zone vegetation) air, land & water; control schemes) 5: 17 (habitat with respect to soil type & (474, 475) (re waste) logged areas) (476) (water quality) (477) (sewage statistics) Vaocinium uliginosum (bog blueberry) (477, 484) (Rawn Report re sewage) 1:143 (in treeless area of bogs) (482, 483) (waste water characteristics) 3:115 (muskeg vegetation) (484, 487); 2:IB0:(260, 339) (North -map) :234; 6:204 (in species list) (484, 487); 2:IBO:(339) (map) (485) (harbour approaches map) Vacoinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) 2:234 (north shore development) 3:115 (habitat) 3:IB0:(297) (sulphur export) :234 (in species list) 4:IB0:(269); 5:IB0:(228): (geology)

Vallerianella (see Vallerianella locusta) Vancouver Group 4: 15, 17 (age; composite formations; rock types) Vallerianella locusta (Vallerianella) : 17 (geological associations) 4:214 (in species list) Vancouver International Airport (see also Sea Island) Valvifera (see Idotea wosnesenskii) 1: x (re Steering Committee on Environmental Assessment) Van, J.W. : 33-36, 38, 244 (average temperature, rainfall & 1:IB0:(367) (sedimentation in tidal flat areas) snowfall) : 40, 41, 42, 244 (wind directions & velocity) Van CIeve, R. : 42 (relative humidities) 1:IB0:(427) (International Pacific Salmon : 43, 244 (hours of sunshine) Fisheries Commission & conservation : 44, 46, 244 (fog & air pollution haze) of Fraser River salmon runs) : 45 (rainfall extremes) 3:IBO:(320) (life history of Pacific halibut) : 96 (sturgeon Bank zooplankton studies re proposed airport expansion) Van Ryswyk, A.L. :136, 165, 189(432) (birds as hazard to aircraft) 1:IBO:(378) (quality of irrigation waters in :164-165 (wintering area for gulls) Fraser River delta area) :189 (hunting in adjacent areas would discourage bird hazard) Vanadium Ion :249 (aircraft emissions by types of aircraft & 1:212 (as toxic constituent in effluents from chemicals) some industries) :IB0:(351, 452, 459) (expansion) 272 Van Vau

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Vancouver International Airport (cont'd) Vancouver Province 1:IB0 (357 391, 397) (macrofauna) 6: 64(264)(re Kitimatdestructivewave) (359 (soils) :125(279)(Kitimat'spotentialasanoil (368 (approachbridges) receivingterminal) (393 402) (withrespectto benthic :161 (re smelteremissions& effecton invertebrates) surroundingenvironment) (444 (withrespectto avianecology) :IBO:(257)(drop in sea floor blamed in (445 (birdcounts) $600,000 loss) 453 (rewildlife) (454 (gutcontentsof birds) Vancouver Sun (480 (seweragefacilities) 1:IB0:(471)(at LadnerSlough-harbour project (487 (map) plannedby Delta) 6:161(286)(refoliagefluoridelevels) Vancouver Island :IBO:(286)(Alcanemissionsto be scrutinized) 4:IB0:(263)(bulletinarea) :(263,299)(forestassociations;Douglas Vanderhoof fir region) 3:IBO:(385)(socio-economicsurvey) (265)(socio-economicsurvey) (265)(ruralpopulas) Vanilla Leaf (265,307);5:IB0:(273,274) (urbanplanning 2:108(commonin Arbutussubzone) & development) :208(inspecieslist) :(266);5:IB0:(226)(metallogenicstudy) :(266);5:IB0:(226,272)(tertiarymineral Varley, A. deposits;iron;copper) 4:IBO:(283)(bibliographyon marine& estuarine :(266,267);.5:IB0:(226)(southernportions) oil pollution) :(225,266, 267,268, 269,270, 271); 5:IB0: (227,230, 231)(geology- northern; Vashon Drift surficial; bedrock) 4: 19 (age) (267)(Sooke& Duncanmap areas) 19,21 (compositionof associateddeposits) (267);5:IBO:(227)(Cretaceousflora) 21 (definitionof) (267); 5:IBO:(227)(soil surveys) 21 (estuarineimportance-re soils, (267, 270, 271); 5:IB0:(227,228, 273, 275) groundwater& riversediments) (coalfields) :(268);5:IB0:(227)(replacementmagnetite) Vaudry, A. :(269);5:IBO:(228,236)(eastcoast 2:113(307)(significanceof estuaryto migratory hydrogeology) waterfowl) 5:IB0:(229)(soils) :113(307)(dabblingduckpopulationsof estuary) 5:IBO:(229)(foraminiferazones) :113(307)(dabblingduckmigrationpatterns) 272); 5:IBj):(229,230) (fossils) .-114(307)(feedinghabitatofdabblingducks) 5:IB0:(231,232) (mining) :114(307)(deltadabblingduckdistribution) 5:IBO:(232)(stratigraphy; :114(307)(trumpeterswansightings) paleontology; Upper Cretaceous; :115(307)(deltadistributionmapof swans& Upper Paleozoic) dabblingducks) :(273, 305); 5:IB0:(233,270) (Bulletin :116(307)(deltare Canadageese (Branta Area 4) canadensis) migrationrestarea) :(274);5:IB0:(235)(climate) :116(307)(deltare diving duck over-wintering :(277,282); 5:IB0:(247,283);6:IB0:(265, area) 287) (eastcoast oceanography) :117(307)(herringspawnavailability& greater (284) (freshwaterfaunalsurvey) scaup (Aythya marila)) (288)(insects) :117(307)(populationdynamicsre commongolden- (297)(floralcatalogue) eye (Bucephala clangula), Barrow's (307);5:IBO:(273,274)(geography) goldeneye(Bucephala islandiaa), (308);5:IB0:(274)(gaspipeline) buffiehead,commonmerganser(Mergus (309); 5:IBO:(277)(tourism) merganser) , red-breastedmerganser 3:251(Hydromedusae) (Mergus serrator) & hoodedmerganser :252(Cumacea) (Lophodyves cucullatus)) :252,254 (Ostracoda) :118(307)(westerngrebe (Aechmophorua occidental- :257 (fish) is) over-winteringpopulations) :261(diatoms) :118(307)(hornedgrebe(Podioeps auritus) :261(algae) dynamics) :264(biogeoclimaticsubzones) :118(307)(red-necked(Podioeps grisegena) & :269(birds) pied-billedgrebe (Podilymbus podioeps) :270(history) sightings) :277 (regionalplanning) :119(307)(populationdynamicsre common loon :281(relogging) (Gavia immer) & red-throatedloon (Gavia stellata)) VancouverIslandWolf (see Canis lupis orassodon) :119(307)(ninegull speciessighted) :119(307)(Squamishtowndumpregullfood Vancouver Natural History Society resource) 1:328(453)(censusof raptorialbirds of Fraser :120(307)(marbledmurrelet (Brachyramphus River delta) marmoratum) & cormorant (Phalacro- :IBO:(453,454) (variousraptorialbirds census coracidae) activities) reports) :121(307) (shorebird activities) 273. Vau Ven

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Vaudry, A. (cont'd) 1:291; 2:206; 3:219-223 (species list of macrophytes 2:122(307) (bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) & algae) sightings) 294-298, 301-302 (as food of birds) :123(307) (bald eagles seen scavenging) 320-322 (as food of mammals) :124(307) (starlings (Stumus vulgaris) & crows 326 (as food of amphibians) (Corvus sp.) sighted) IBO:(430-438); 2:IBO:(304-310); 3:IBO:(365-369); :126(307) (mammal sightings & track observations) 4:IB0:(297-300); 5:IB0:(261-266); 6:IB0: :IB0:(315) (report on Mamquam Channel; unpublish (271-272) (bibliography) ed report) :(431, 436); 2:IB0:(304); 3:IB0:(365) (re 5:102(269) (estuarine bird distribution & coast) abundance) :(43i, 436); 2:IBO:(305) (forest habitats) :103(269) (locations of major bird concentrations) :(432); 2:IB0:(305); 3:IB0:(366) (Canadian :104(269) (estuarine abundance of American forest classification) widgeon) :(433); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(367, 368) (native :104(269) (estuarine importance to birds) Canadian trees; University of British :105(269) (regional status of black brant, scaup, Columbia research forest) scoters, goldeneye & buffiehead) :(435); 2:IB0:(307); 3:IB0:(368); 4:IB0:(299) :106(269) (marsh & shorebird species diversity) (southern B.C. marine species) :106(269) (re black oystercatcher sightings) 2:104, 106 (grasses) :107(269) (estuarine abundance of gulls) :IBO:(308) (Canadian forest regions) :107(269) (feeding habitats of gulls) 4:112 (shrub layer observed in Douglas fir-moss :108(269) (alcid species observed) associations) :108(269) (estuarine abundance of loons) 5: 16, 17 (associated with Qualicum, Haslam, Bowser, :108(269) (re loon,.hooded & red-breasted Chemainus & Cassidy soil complexes) merganser sightings) :100 (condition with respect to soil moisture :109(269) (winter raptor, starling & crow sightings] content) :100 (wet western hemlock zone climatic species) Vascular Cryptograms :142 (historic & current status in Nanaimo River 1:IB0:(433); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(367); 4:IB0:(298) watershed) (of the Pacific northwest) :149 (foliage damage re atmospheric chloride levels) Vascular Gymnosperms 6: 91(271) (Kitimat Valley studies) 1:IB0:(433); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(367); 4:IB0:(298) : 93 (estuarine vegetation) (of the Pacific northwest) : 96 (estuarine distribution of) : 96-102 (zonal characteristics; species Vascular Monocotyledons associations; forest structure, 1:IB0:(433); 2:IB0:(306); 3:IB0:(367); 4:IB0:(298) composition & ecology) (of the Pacific northwest) :160(283) (nature & extent of damage re fluoride emissions) Vedder River and Canal :IB0:(281, 285) (re air pollution) 1: 58 (nutrients in canal water) :104 (chum salmon spawning in river) Vegetables (garden) 1:183 (acreage used for production) Vedicerotidae (amphipod) :320, 321, 323 (as food of mammals) 3:208 (in species list) Velvet Grass (see Holcus lanatus) Vegetation, aquatic (see also Algae; Diatoms; Macrophytes; Phytoplankton; Plants, aquatic) Velvety Shore Bugs (see Ochteridae) 1:291-292; 2:205-206; 3:219-223; 4:211; 5:179- 180 (species list) Venables, R. 1:IB0:(353) (B.C. Wildlife Federation newsletter) Vegetation, terrestrial (see also Agriculture; Flora; also Bark; Bogs; Buds; Communities; Fungi; Venables, W.N. Grasses; Leaves; Marshes; Nuts; Plants, 1:IBO:(480) (alternate methods for treatment & herbaceous; Roots; Shoots; Seeds; Stems; disposal of community wastewaters) Vegetables; also other types of, and names of species) Venericardia paucicostata (bivalve) 1:127-148 (of delta & estuary) 4:197 (in species list) :130 (map of delta & estuary showing major areas & types of) Venericardia ventricosa (bivalve) :135 (types of forage) 3:204; 4:197 (in species list) :183 (crop types) :278 (species list of terrestrial & marine fungi) Veneridae (bivalves) :279; 2:206-207; 3:223-227; 4:211 (species list 3:204 (in species list) of moss, lichens & ferns) :280-287; 2:207-208; 3:227-233; 4:212-214 (species Venerupis (see also Clams) list of herbaceous plant) 1: 86, 97 (V. japonica (little-neck clam) in -.287-288; 2:208-209; 3:233-234; 4:214-215 (species Boundary Bay) list of shrubs) :IB0:(404); 2:IB0:(288); 3:IB0:(339); 4:IB0:(288) :288-289; 2:208-209; 3:234-235; 4:215; 5:183-184 (introduction) (species list of trees) 2:191; 3:205; 4:197; 5:167 (v. japonica (in species :290-291; 5:179 (species list of diatoms) list)) 274. Ven VI n

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Venerupia (see also Clams) (cont'd) Verrucaria maura 3: 67 (v. japonica found at Metlakatla Bar & 3:226 (in species list) Casey Point) 4: 77 (Stuart Channel abundance) Verrucaria sp. : 83 (V. japonica harvest & distribution) 3:226 (in species list) :IBO:(288) (range extension) 5: 70, 71 (estuarine habitat & abundance of Vespertilionidae (common bats) V. japonica) 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) : 74 (commercial & recreational demand for V. japonica) Vespidae (wasps) 1:267 (in species list) Veratrum viride (false hellebore) 4:113 (in western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair Vetch fern associations) Ameri can (see Vicia americana) 6:206; 3:232 (in species list) common (see Vicia 8avita) giant (see Vicia gigantea) Verge, R.W. unspecified (see Vioia sp.) 1:IB0:(371) (Fraser River Valley climate) Viburnum edule (squashberry or high bush cranberry) Verhoeven, L.A. 1:288; 3:234; 6:201 (in species list) 1:107, 108(427) (timing & pattern of mature 6: 96, 100 (community position; species sockeye salmon migration associations) into & within Fraser River) Vioia americana (American vetch) Vermeer, K. 6:206 (in species list) 5:IB0:(282) (effects of oil pollution on aquatic organisms & birds) Vicia gigantea (giant vetch) 1:131 (in woodland & on islands of river's Vermeer, R. South Arm) 5:IB0:(282) (effects of oil pollution on aquatic 3:113 (foreshore-coastal forest transitional organisms & birds) zone vegetation) :115 (upper beach flora) Vermivora celata (orange-crowned warbler) :116 (shrub-forb zone vegetation) 1:312 (habitat; food; etc.) :233; 4:214; 6:206 (in species list) 2:215; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Vicia savita (common vetch) Vermivora peregrina (Tennessee warbler) 1:287; 5:183 (in species list) 3:240; 6:216 (in species list) Vicia sp. (vetch unspecified) Vermivora ruficapilla (Nashville warbler) 1:141 (on dykes & well-drained slopes) 1:312 (habitat; food; etc.) 4:221 (in species list) Victoria 4: 84(270) (maps) Verner, C. :IB0:(267) (geology) 1:IB0:(471) (socio-economic survey of lower :(271) (bedrock geology; volcanism; Fraser Valley) plutonism; mineralization) :(471) (rural people in valley) 3:IBO:(385) (Vanderhoof West socio-economic Villamere, J. survey) 1:IB0:(482) (characteristics of B.C. fish 4:IB0:(265) (Vancouver Island socio-economic processing plant wastewater) survey) :(265) (rural people of Vancouver Island) Viola glabella (yellow violet) 3:113 (floodplain vegetation) Vernon, E.H. :233; 6:211 (in species list) 1:103(427) (enumeration of migrant pink salmon 4:113 (in western red cedar-grand fir-maidenhair fry in Fraser River estuary) fern associations) :IBO:(417) (migration, composition, exploitation & abundance of odd-year pink salmon Viola langsdorfii (bog violet) runs in river) 6:211 (in species list) :(423) (characteristics of sockeye & pink salmon grounds in river) Viola orbiculata (violet) :(427) (factors affecting pink salmon 3:233 (in species list) abundance in river) Violaceae (violet family) (see Viola) Veronica americana (booklime or speedwell) 6:211 (in species list) 1:287; 3:233; 6:210 (in species list) 3:116 (sedge-water hemlock marsh vegetation) Violet bog (see Viola langsdorfii) Veronica 8outellata yellow (see Viola glabella) 3:233 (in species list) (see Viola orbiculata) Vine Maple (see Acer oircinatum) 275. Vir Wag

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Vi reo Void, T. Hutton's (see Vireo huttoni) 1:IB0:(353); 2:IB0:(253); 3:IB0:(305) (reference red-eyed (see Vireo olivaceus) list on land capability, soils, solitary (see Vireo solitariua) geology, vegetation, ecology, warbling (see Vireo gilvus) recreation, wildlife, etc.) :(368) (Boundary Bay surface sediment Vireo gilvus (warbling vireo) distribution) 1:312 (habitat; food; etc.) 2:215; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) Vole creeping (see Microtus oregoni serpens) Vireo huttoni (Hutton's vireo) long-tailed see Microtus longicaudus) 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) meadow see Microtus pennsylvanicus 2:215; 3:240; 4:221; 5:190 (in species list) drummondi) redback (see Clethrionomys gapperi Vireo olivaceus (red-eyed vireo) caurinus) 1:312 (habitat; food; etc.) Townsend's (see Microtus townsendi townsendi) 2:215; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) unspecified (see Microtus sp.) western redback (see Clethrionomys oocidentalis) Vireo 8olitarius (solitary vireo) 1:311 (habitat; food; etc.) Vollmer, E. 2:215; 4:221; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list) 1:IB0:(381) (Fraser River hydraulic model studies) :(468) (historical review of Fraser River Virgularia (sea pen) training & its effects on New 2: 74 (Virgularia sp., habitat of) Westminster area) :186; 3:198 (in species list) Volvooales sp. (green alga, unspecified) Viscaceae (see Arceuthobium) 3:200 (in species list) 6:211 (in species list) Von Roen Visibility (atmospheric) (see Climatology; Dust; Fog; 1:IBO:(375) (Fraser River alluvium) Pollution, atmospheric) Vroom, P.R. Viviparidae (gastropod) 2: 3(285) (Squamish River delta & estuary; map) 6:190 (in species list) : 71(285) (major delta fish populations re stomach contents) Void, C.L. : 71(285) (benthic food organisms) 2:title page (co-author of that report on Squamish : 87(296) (economically important fish of the River estuary) estuary) 12(309) (estuarine geology & associated species) : 88(296) (central basin — preferred habitat 17(316) (comparison of estuarine climates) of juvenile salmonids) 31(318) (turbidity comparison) :149(331) (Mamquam Channel salmonids feed on 48(326) (salt wedge) Anisogammaru8) 53(326) (river turbidity) 3:IBO:(363) (determination of abundance & 84(351) (juvenile steelhead trout) distribution of migrating Skeena 101(367) (vegetation &ecosystems) River stocks by acoustical means) 110(367) (rocky shore vegetation) 125(374) (recreation &wildlife) Vulpes fulva oasaadensis (red fox) 129(382) (changing patterns of land usage) 1:171, 321 (food) 145(390) (nature of pollution) :171, 321; 6:109 (habitat) 155(390) (pulp mill wastes &their environmental 2:218; 3:243; 6:218 (in species list) effects re Squamish estuary) 6:109 (abundance) :164 (terrestrial & aquatic ramifications of logging, log handling & log storage practices) Vulture :165(390) (detrimental effects of marinas re turkey (see Cathartes aura) Squamish River estuary) :170(390) (problems associated with mining & cement manufacturing) 176(299) (re bulk loading facilities) 184(299) (importance of regional fishery) IB0:(333, 338); 4:IB0:(274); 5:IB0:(235) (status of environmental knowledge with respect to the Squamish River estuary) 78(264) (deltaic biomass & productivity) Wade, L. 79(264) (estuarine plankton) 1: 91(353) (invertebrates of Sturgeon Bank tidal 107(298) (estuarine &mudflat ecology) marsh) 125(303) (recreational value of wildlife) :146(353) (algae of Sturgeon Bank tidal flats) 150(264) (general environmental effects of pulp :IB0:(353) (birds of Sturgeon Bank) mill wastes) :160(264) (effects of dyking on river & estuarine Wagner, J.E. characteristics) 1:IB0:(368) (palaeoecology of southwestern B.C. 5:128(273) (re estuarine log booming & handling) marine Pleistocene faunas) 6: 20(260) (re "Squamish" winds) 6: 13 (258) (proposed origin of Lakelse Lake clays) 276. Wah Wal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Wahlgren, R. 1:IB0:(358) (lower Fraser River sedimentation & 1: 52, 64, 79(375, 390, 391); 5: 52(247) (salt morphology) wedge —effects on estuarial waters; stratification breakdown of estuarine Wailes, G.H. water proceeding into Strait of 1:IB0:(406); 3:IB0:(341) (B.C. dinoflagellates, Georgia & beyond) with descriptions of new species) 52, 79(375, 391); 5: 52(247) (estuarial waters :(406); 3:IBO:(341) (three reports on B.C. - re salt wedge; characteristics) protozoa) 53(375) (delta waters turbidity & sediment :(406); 3:IBO:(341); 5:IBO:(255) (freshwater load increases with river runoff) & marine protozoa from B.C., with 63, 64, 70, 72, 78(353, 381, 390, 391); 2:IB0: descriptions of new species) (267, 276, 277); 5: 55(232, 246, 247, 255) :(406); 5:IBO:(255) (Strait of Georgia (Strait of Georgia — conditions with respect Tintinnidae) to silty river runoff; upwelling; re salt 5: 48(246) [identification of Mesodinium rubrum) wedge phenomena & associated aerial :IBO:(255) (B.C. Amphipoda, Desmidieae, Helizoa, photography; residual counterclockwise Rhizopoda, marine & freshwater circulation; current observations; drift zooplankton & protozoa) bottle observations; physical oceanography; :(255) (Ciliata; Suctoria) fisheries; deep water characteristics; temperatures; dissolved oxygen distribu Wainwright, P.R. tions; freshwater budget; daily & seasonal 1:IB0:(368) (major western Canada & B.C. soil sea-level oscillations; salinity; water zones) masses; physiography; shellfish toxicity with respect to weather during 1957) Wainwright Basin : 64(390); 5: 43, 66(247) (upwelling -from 3:xiv (re effluent discharges into & anoxic Strait of Georgia towards estuary; wind conditions in) induced) : 34, 36 (re tidal effects & dissolved oxygen : 72(253, 290, 391); 2: 53, 62, 159(276, 277); concentrations in) 4: 62, 63, 64, 65(281, 282, 283); 5: 55 35, 36, 156, 157, 159 (pH - values; levels) 58, 59, 60, 62(246, 247); 6: 57(256) 36 (water temperature) (currents - re counterclockwise residual 37 (total organic carbon levels) circulation in Strait of Georgia; aerial 37 (pulp mill waste concentrations, analysis photography of; compensatory, subsurface, methods & factors influencing) upstream water replacement; measurements; 38, 160 (aesthetics) turbidity; dissertations; abstracts re 40 (oceanographic studies re fish kills) Strait of Georgia; Stuart Channel 48 (vertical mixing) observations, measurements, directions, 48, 50 (vertical salinity, temperature & effects & types of; polar current diagram; density distributions) velocities with respect to depth; in Dodd : 63 (re tidal flushing) & False Narrows; re typical, variable & : 68, 71, 72, 184 (water quality & associated confused surface patterns with respect to invertebrates) various wind conditions; observed & :156, 157, 159 (biota) calculated velocities of Dodd Narrows; :156, 157, 158, 159 (oxygen concentrations - net velocities; meter observations) horizontal & vertical distributions; with : 72(391) (drift of river water around Point respect to time, fibre bed area, biological Grey into English Bay) oxygen demand & hydrogen sulphide gas :IB0:(390); 2:152(276, 290); 3: 35, 156, 159(320, production) 394); 4: 54, 66, 105(281, 282, 300); :161 (red liquor discharge pH, oxygen, phosphate, 5: 51(246, 247); 6: 41, 44, 54(264, nitrate, ammonia, total organic carbon & 265) (oxygen -distribution; consuming colour values) organic compounds; Kraft pulp mill :IB0:(387) (pollution) requirements; concentrations required by amphipods adjacent to sulphite pulp Walden, C.C. mills; re Porpoise Channel & Harbour; 1:IB0:(377) (water quality survey of lower content in Watson Island vicinity; Fraser River) distribution in Wainwright Basin; :(483); 2:IB0:(337); 3:IB0:(394) (quantita concentration; profiles near Stuart tive assay of Kraft mill effluents Channel outfall; levels with respect which affect fish respiration) to blue-green algae decomposition; 2:154 (Kraft mill effluent toxicity reduction) re Northumberland Channel profiles; 3:IBO:(390) (pollution & toxicity characteristics distributions re effluent movement of Kraft pulp mill effluents) predictions; available for waste :(394) (disposal of effluents from existing oxidation; concentration comparisons) sulphite & proposed Kraft mills at :(390); 2:IB0:(276); 3: 50(330); 4: 54(281, Watson Island, B.C.) 282); 5: 40, 50, 51(246, 247) 4:151(315) (water quality determination re (temperature -Strait of Georgia; in Crofton mill dilution zone) Porpoise Harbour & Wainwright Basin; observation re Northumberland Channel; Waldichuk, M. spatial & seasonal distribution of) l:title page, ix-xi (preface to that volume on :(428); 2:IB0:(254, 303); 3:IB0:(305, 353); environmental status of Fraser River 4:IB0:(296) (ecological significance estuary) of estuaries re preservation of fishery resources) 277 Wal Wal

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Waldichuk, M. (cont'd) 1:IBO:(483) (sedimentation of radioactive wastes 3: 41(330) (Porpoise Harbour & Wainwright Basin at sea) water conditions) :(483); 2: 48(267, 277, 337, 338); 3: 41, : 50(330) (vertical distribution of density in 145(331, 339, 394, 395); 4:IBO:(246, Porpoise Harbour & Wainwright Basin) 317); 5: 42(247) (pollution - in : 57(330) (daily & seasonal sea level coastal B.C. waters; studies of oscillations in Prince Rupert vicinity) Nanaimo Harbour; biological concerns : 67(341) (amphipods (Anisogammarus pugettensis) re heavy metals; effectiveness of & isopods (Synidotea sp.) found in control measures; general effects; Porpoise Harbour) B.C. pulp mill; coastal marine; : 68(341) (bivalve, brachiopod, sea urchin, problems connected with pulp mills; gastropod, limpet, barnacle, crab, aerial photography with respect to polychaete, amphipod & isopod coastal studies; effects of non- populations inhabit or inhabited metallic contaminants in industrial; Porpoise Harbour) oceanographic studies re; re Harmac : 68(341) (limpets inhabit Wainwright Basin) pulp mill; marine) : 75(341) (Porpoise Harbour bucket sample :(483); 2:IBO:(290) (review of improving contained amphipods (Anisogammarus methodology for evaluating effects pugettensis & Allorchestes angustus)) of pollution on marine organisms) :155(384, 395) (pulp mill waste characteristics :(483); 2:IBO:(337); 3:IBO:(395) (physical & their environmental effects) environment fi oceanographic aspects :192(330, 331) (spring oceanographic data for of waste disposal) Inverness Passage to the Skeena 2:title page, x-xiv (preface to that volume on River mouth) environmental status of Squamish River :195(330, 331) (autumn oceanographic data for estuary) Inverness Passage to the Skeena : 39(267) (Squamish & Cheakamus River flow data) River mouth) : 42(267) (Squamish River flooding) IBO:(331)(331) (Prince Rupert oceanographic studies) : 65(277) (status of oceanographic knowledge) (331) (Fisher Channel-Cousins Inlet, : 66(290) (effects of pulp mills on B.C. inlet Douglas Channel-Kitimat Arm, Ocean waters) Falls, Kitimat & Prince Rupert area : 98(310) (Squamish estuary phytoplankton) surveys) :151(337) (effects of pulp mill wastes on (394) (effects of sulphite wastes in a receiving environment) partially enclosed B.C. marine :154(337) (receiving waters re industrial systems) effects) (394) (proposed plan for Columbia Cellulose :155(337) (1959-1963 Howe Sound water quality sulphite pulp mill red liquor uneffected by regional pulp mills) disposal) :176(338) (environment at Britannia) 4:title page, xiv-xvi (preface to that volume on :IBO:(253) (Britannia re coal port) environmental status of Cowichan-Chemainus :(253, 310) (Howe Sound as a renewable River estuaries) resource environment, with : 49(277) (Osborn Bay water quality data) special reference to Squamish : 49, 56, 60, 66, 67, 69(277, 281, 282) (Stuart delta) Channel -water quality; environmental :(267) (memo to L. Hoos re Squamish River effects of pulp mill effluent on; sediment & water quality) vertical distribution of properties :(267); 3: 50, 51(330, 331); 4: 54(281, 282); in; density & Kraft mill effluent 5: 40, 50, 51(246, 247); 6: 41, 49 profiles at outfall location stations (264) (salinity - Strait of Georgia in; wave regimes; Kraft mill effluent distribution; vertical distribution concentration distributions in) in Porpoise Harbour & Wainwright : 54(281, 282) (pH observations) Basin; estuarine spring & autumn : 57(281, 282) (relationship between sewage distribution of; observations; index pollution, oceanographic regime, for Strait of Georgia; Northumberland seasonal variations in flushing & Channel profiles of; distributions coliform distributions) re effluent movement predictions; : 59(291) (Crofton pulp mill effluent pipeline with respect to depth; spatial & & adjacent oyster leases) seasonal distribution of) 61(281) (tidal phenomena in Dodd Narrows area) :(277) (Howe Sound data) 61(282) (re filamentous algae growth) :(277) (physical & chemical oceanographic 245(282) (physical & chemical oceanographic data data: Fraser River, Howe Sound & for the east coast of Vancouver Island) Malaspina Strait) :IB0:(281) (application of oceanographic :(337) (maximum permissible waste discharge information to the design of sewer estimates re proposed Squamish pulp & industrial waste outfalls) mill) :(282) (unpublished oceanographic data) :(338); 3:IBO:(395) (methodology trends for :(316) (Kraft pulp mill effluent disposal evaluation of pollutants on marine & concentration in the Crofton area) ecosystems) :(317) (waste disposal in relation to the :(338); 3:IB0:(395); 4:IB0:(317) (fish re physical environment) pollution) 5:title page, xiv-xix (preface to that volume on 3:title page, xii-xvii (preface to that volume environmental status of Nanaimo River on environmental status of Skeena River estuary) estuary) 278. Wal Was

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Waldichuk, M. (cont'd) Wandering Tattler (see Heteroaoelu8 incanue) 41(246, 247) (re sewage transport & dispersion) 43(247) (flushing mechanisms) Wanless, R.K. 46, 51, 53, 63, 65, 139(247, 283) (Northumber 5:IBO:(226) (age of metasomatic copper & iron land Channel —associated environs; deposi ts) at profiles; vertical distribution of properties; source of intermediate Wapato (see Sagittaria latifolia) water; mixing properties; flushing rate calculations) Warbler 48(247) (shellfish toxicity causes) Audubon's (see Dendroica auduboni) 50(246) (spatial & seasonal distribution of blackpoll (see Dendroica striata) density) black-throated gray (aee Dendroica nigrescena] 55(246, 247) (wind effects in Nanaimo Harbour) Cape May (see Dendroica tigrima) 125(277) (re physical oceanographic observations) MacGillivray's (see 0pororni8 tolmiei) 136(282) (water quality Investigations re magnolia (see Dendroica magnolia) domestic sewage discharge) Nashville (see Vermivora rufioa- 137(282) (re sewage disposal) pilla) 140(283) (re permissible discharge levels) orange-crowned (see Vermivora celata) 148(283) (atmospheric pollutants of Kraft palm (see. Dendroica palmarum) pulp mills) Tennessee (aee Vermivora peregrina) :IB0:(247) (drift bottle observations) Townsend's (see Dendroica townaendi) :(283) (foams in Kraft pulp & newsprint Wilson's (see Wilsonia pusilla) effluents) yellow (see Dendroica petechia) 6:title page, xvi-xx (preface to that volume on yellow-rumped (see Dendroica ooronata) environmental status of Kitimat River estuary) Ward, F.J. : 40(265) (Kitimat Arm & estuary hydrographic & 1:103(428) (character of pink salmon spawning oceanographic information) migration up Fraser River) : 57(265) (surface drag observations) :107(428) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye :145(286) (re submarine diffuser site) salmon migration into & within river) :IBO:(287) (northern B.C. & Vancouver Island :IBO:(428) (pink salmon escapement to Fraser west coast physical & chemical River & its tributaries) oceanographic data) :(428) (cyclic dominance in Adams River sockeye) Waldie, R.J. 1:IB0:(391) (Strait of Georgia project) Ward, H.B. :(391); 2:IBO:(270) (freshwater in Strait 1:IBO:(428) (factors controlling salmon migration) of Georgia) Ward, J. Walker, C.E. 1:IB0:(443) (gull counts on lower B.C. mainland) 1:104(428) (chum salmon migration patterns in Fraser River) Ward, J.B. and Associates Limited 2: 91(303) (duration of chum salmon migration 5:IBO:(278) (economic industrial survey of Greater from Johnstone Strait to Cheakamus- Nanaimo regional planning area) Squamish River spawning grounds) 4: 90(296) (re chum salmon migration from Wards, A.B. Johnstone Strait to Strait of 6:IB0:(287) (study of existing & historical Georgia & tributary streams) dumpsites in the Pacific region) : 91(296) (residence times of Big Qualicum River chum stocks) Warren, H.V. : 92(296) (emergence & migration of juvenile 1:IB0:(480) (heavy-metal content of some B.C. Cowichan River chinook salmon) freshwater fishes)

Wallace, W.G. Warren, S. 6:176 (continuing research) 1:IBO:(462) (estuary & watershed land status for selected B.C. river systems) Wallace, R. 1:IBO:(375) (river training works on Fraser River) Warrington, P. :(375) (Fraser River trifurcation problem) 1:IB0:(355) (B.C. ERTS users handbook) 2:IB0:(267, 280) (estuarine water quality & biologic population indices) Warwick, R.J. 6:144(283) (possible toxic effects of fluoride Wallis, J.H. on marine organisms) 1:IBO:(371) (climatic factor-variations on a mean, re evolution of lower Fraser River Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission Valley cultural landscape) 1:IB0:(471) (pleasure boating study of Puget Sound & adjacent waters) Walsh, R. 1:226(378) (benthic species diversity increases Waslenchuk, D.G. from head to mouth of a marine 1: 24(368) (analysis & correlation of sediments estuary) from Fraser River, Point Grey cliffs 3:IB0:(320, 333) (estuarine water quality & & beaches & Spanish Banks) biologic population indices) 279. Was Wat

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Wasps (see Vespidae) Water Quality (see also Pollution, water; Sediments; Sewage; also individual topics Wass, E.F. indicated in list of references hereunder) 1:IBO:(353) (bibliography on geology, pedology, 1: 54-60 (chemical ions, biochemical criteria, flora, vegetation analysis & bacteria, etc. of estuarial waters) recreation planning for Greater : 54-60; 2: 44-46 (pH, turbidity & nutrient Vancouver Regional District, re values of estuarial waters) lower Fraser River Valley & estuary) : 54-60; 2:153, 158 (colour of estuarial waters) :239-241; 2:182; 3:189; 4:167, 168; 5:160; Waste Disposal and Pollution Problems (see also 6:176 (ongoing research projects) Landfill; Pollution headings; Refuse disposal; :IB0:(376) (status) al8o_ other cognate topics) :(376-379); 2:IB0:(265, 268); 3:IBO:(317-321); l:"i('9-201 (general discussion) 4:IB0:(275-277); 5:IBO:(236-237); :202-209 (domestic organic) 6:IB0:(261-262) (bibliography) :209-211 (agricultural) :(377); 2:IB0:(265, 266); 3:IB0:(318); 5:134, :211-213 (types of industries involving) 136, 137 (monitoring -estuarine & :213-218 (solid wastes re landfill) national stations; estuarine :214 (types of gaseous emanations from techniques) solid waste landfill) :(378) (re benthic biota; re irrigation) :215-216 (types of refuse & its disposals; :(378); 4: 51; 5:134, 136, 137; 6:134, 135, recycling) 136 (data - summaries; sources; :241 (ongoing research projects) collection) :IB0:(377) (Fraser Valley area) :(378, 478); 2:IB0:(266, 333); 3:IB0:(319, :(472-484); 2:IBO:(328-338); 3:IBO:(386-396); 391); 6:IBO:(283) (criteria) 4:IB0:(311-317); 5:IB0:(279-283); :(379) (Fraser River station print-outs; 6:IBO:(280-287) (bibliography) re salmonid survival) :(474, 477) (re Vancouver) :(405) (re Fraser River benthos) :(475, 477) (wastewater treatment plant :(483, 484); 2:IB0:(338); 3:IB0:(395) (re design) wood particle decay) :(475, 480); 2:IB0:(330, 335); 3:IB0:(388, 2: 44-46 (dissolved oxygen; conductivity; flow 392) (re municipalities) rate; hardness; temperature; trends :(476) (re Fraser River) & ranges re above) :(481);2:IB0:(336); 3:IB0:(393) (recycling 46 (table of water quality parameters) practices) :158 (re clarity) :(483) (sedimentation of radioactive wastes) :232-233; 3:282-283; 4:253; 5:222; 6:250 :(483); 2:IB0:(337); 3:IB0:(394); 4:IB0:(281, (glossary) 317) (re oceanography) :IB0:(265, 329) (re B.C. inlets) 2:165 (re marinas) :(267) (re proposed marine park) :IBO:(330) (re Britannia) :(330); 3:IBO:(389) (B.C. forest products 3:IB0:(324) (with respect to Watson Island industry guidelines re) pulp mill) 3: 32 (parameters analyzed; duration of :(337) (re Prince Rupert Harbour biota) observations) :(392) (re toxic solute removal) : 32; 4: 51; 6:134, 135, 136 (sampling - :(393) (re marine environment) locations; stations; procedures) 4:152 (solid wood waste deposition &associated :105 (re algal growth in the vicinities of problems) pulp mills &fish processing plants) -.155, 158 (regulations & procedures) :IB0:(317, 319, 320) (Prince Rupert Harbour) 5:144, 145 (re shipping &oil pollution) :(318); 5:IB0:(279) (re B.C.) :145 (legislative acts -power & content) 4:xxiv (in Cowichan estuary) :145 (bilge pumping regulations, locations : 52, 54 (Cowichan Bay) & facilities available) : 54, 150(278, 279) (Crofton) :146 (re recreational boating) : 55 (Chemainus) 6:135 (with respect to municipal &Eurocan 5:xxviii, 137 (in vicinities of Five Finger mill discharges) outfall & Harmac pulp mill receiving waters) Water Cress (see Rorippa nasturtium-aquatium) 134, 136, 137 (programs, conclusions &results) :138 (with respect to shellfish growing areas) Water Hemlock (see Ciouta) IBO:(279) (Nanaimo River) 70 (indicator species) Water Lobelia (see Lobelia dormanii) 70(281) (re Kitimat River) 134, 135, 136 (analysis agencies; results) Water Milfoil (see Myriophyllum spioatum) ;136 (routine & specific examinations) 151, 152 (with respect to log handling &storage) Water Moss (see Fontinalis antipyreotiaa) Water Quality Branch (see also Inland Waters Water Parsley (see Oenanthe sarmentose) 1: 59, 60, 255, 256(379) (analysis of Fraser River Water Parsnip (see Sium suave) & tributary waters at various monitoring stations in delta) Water Persicaria (see Polygonum amphibium) :IB0:(378) (summary report of federal data for Fraser River, 1961-1971) Water Plantain (see Alisma plantago-aquatioa) 2: 45(267) (Squamish River water quality analysis) Wat 280. Wat

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Water Rights Branch, British Columbia Department of .:IB0:(445) (food resources of) Lands and Forests :(446); 2:IB0:(315) (future) 1:IBO:(375) (sedimentation programme) :(446, 448) (lower mainland kill data.) :(448) (stomach analysis) Water Survey of Canada :(449); 2:IB0:(317); 3:IB0:(376); 5:IB0:(253) 1: 2(353) (Fraser River drainage system annual (with respect to herring spawning) average runoff) :(449); 2:IB0:(318); 3:IB0:(337); 4:IB0:(303) : 49, 51, 52, 252, 253(376) (Fraser River (B.C. feeding habitats) estuary streamflow data) :(451) (Fraser delta populations) : 49, 254(375, 376) (details of supsended :(452); 2:IBO:(319) (re wetland development) sediment load in estuary waters) :(453); 3:IB0:(379); 4:IB0:(304) (land 2: 1, 39(254) (Squamish River flow rate) capability) : 38(254) (Squamish River watershed) >:113, 114; 5:104 (dabbling ducks) : 39(254) (Daisy Lake dam diverts water) :114; 5:104 (swans) : 40(254) (flow records & table) :114, 116 (Canada Goose) : 43(268) (sediment sampling stations on delta :116, 117; 5:105, 106 (diving ducks) front) :118 (grebes) : 45 (Squamish River water quality analysis) :119 (loons) :IBO:(268) (reference index) :119 (gulls) :(268); 3:IB0:(320) (historical stream flow :IB0:(312); 3: IB0:(371) (re Canadian land summary) classification) :(268); 3:IBO:(320) (Canadian river sediment 3:117, 118 (locations; production potential; data) resting areas) :(268); 3:IB0:(320) (three reports re B.C. :117, 118; 4:xxii(301); 5:102(281) (estuarine surface water data) usage) 1(305) (general Skeena River statistics) :117, 118; 4:116, 117 (nesting -regional 28(320) (streamflow stations & flow trends) conditions; habits) 30(320) (Skeena River flow records measured :117, 118; 4:116, 117 (over-wintering) at Usk, B.C.) :117, 118; 5:102(281) (feeding - sites; habits) 31(320) (Skeena River water temperatures :166 (oil effects re) recorded at Usk, B.C.) :IB0:(375) (B.C. status) 191(320) (Skeena River estuary - available 4:xxii; 6:103 (abundance) streamflow data) :xxii, 115 (diversity) IBO:(321) (Babine Lake hydrometeorologic data :115 (species abundance) inventory) :115; 6:103 (residency status) 44(245) (streamflow records for Cowichan- :116, 117 (habitats; distribution; stock size) Chemainus river systems) :116, 117; 4:128 (management - practices; needs) 46(245) (flow records for the Cowichan & :117(301) (importance of Cowichan-Chemainus Chemainus rivers) habitat to migratory birds) 47(245) (Cowichan River water temperatures) 5:104 (concentrations) 48(245) (Koksilah River streamflow records' :104, 105 (geese) 49(245) (Chemainus River mean monthly flow] :112 (species harvested) :114 (with respect to Buttertub Marsh improvement) Waterfowl (see also Food and feeding habits of :155 (seasonal estuarine dependence) birds; Hunting; also names of species) 6:103 (estuarine importance to) 1:152(447); 2:IB0:T316) (Pacific flyway -map of; management) Waterfront Land Use (see also Beaches; Dredging; ;153 (major vegetative food) Industry) :153-162, 293-310 (using estuary) 1:193-198 (shoreline depth, river channel depths, :154 (map of estuary foreshore areas of navigability, nature of bottom, etc. importance to most species) as factors governing utilization for :167 (covered by Migratory Bird Convention Act) various types of industry & recreation) :168 (attract raptorial birds) :IBO:(454-472); 2:IB0:(321-327); 3:IBO:(380-385); :172-180, 233 (Georgia C. Reifel Migratory Bird 4:IB0:(305-310); 5:IB0:(270-278); Sanctuary) 6:IB0:(274-279) (bibliography including) :172-180, 233; 4:xxi, 125; 5:112; 6:111 (hunting -on delta & estuary; pressure; efforts) Waters, B.C. 172-180, 233(438); 2:IB0:(310) (recreation - 4: 78(287) (fauna of Cowichan estuary mudflats) delta; estuary; coastal) :299, 300, 306 (as food of raptorial birds) Waters, R. :327 (table of monthly totals on estuary areas 5: 42(247, 248) (re pre & post-operational data by species, from aerial census 1966-1974) regarding Nanaimo sewage disposal) :IBO:(348, 443, 445) (conservation) : 71(255) (re environmental impact of pollution :(392) (re hydroelectric projects) on intertidal life inhabiting Five :(437) (lower Fraser Valley concentrations Finger Island sewage outfall) of) : 91(266) (intertidal macrophyte distribution) :(438); 2:IBO:(310) (North American migration) : 92(266) (re primary production throughout :(439); 2:IB0:(310); 3:IB0:(370) (life water column) history) :136(283) (water quality investigations re :(444, 447, 450); 2:IB0:(313, 314, 316, 318); domestic sewage discharge) 3:IB0:(372, 373, 375) (population & :137(283) (Five Finger Island outfall water habitat surveys) quality & biological monitoring results) 281 Wat Web

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Waters, R. (cont'd) 4: 67 (origin & intensity in Stuart Channel) 5:IB0:(285) (Five Finger Island outfall monitoring : 68 (impact on Cowichan & Chemainus River programme, post-operational & estuaries) pretreatment reports) : 68 (observation of) :(285) (data comparison of Newcastle Island :IBO:(274) (Chemainus Harbour) & Five Finger Island outfall areas) 5: 64 (origin, intensity & effect on delta front) : 64, 65 (re Departure Bay) Waterstar (see Callitriche) 6:xxv, 62, 63 (origins; mean height; economic & biological implications) Waterthrush : 49 (re salinity measurements) northern (see Seiurus noveboracenaia) : 63 (re wind effects; re anchorage suitability & substrate stability) Waterweed (see Elodea canadensis) : 64 (vulnerability to oceanic & environmental disturbances) Watkins, J. : 64 (characteristics & resultant damage of 1:IBO:(483) (wastewater characteristics of submarine landslide) Greater Vancouver Regional District treatment plants & major sewers) Wax Myrtle (see Myrica aalifornica) 2:IB0:(338) (memo to B.A. Heskin re: Blind Channel fish kill, Squamish, B.C.) Waxberry (see Symphoricarpus albus)

Watmough, D. Waxwing 1: 91(354) (invertebrates of Richmond Nature Bohemian (see Bombycilla garrula) Park) cedar (see Bombycilla cedrorum) : 91(354) (insects of Shady Island) :114(354) (fishes of estuary zone & tidal Weasel marshes of above park) long-tailed (see Mustela frenata altifront- :145(354) (origin & succession of Shady Island alis) marsh flora) short-tailed (see Mustela ermina fallenda)

Watson Island Weather (see Climatology) 3:xiv (sulphite & Kraft pulp mill site) : 5, 6 (location of Canadian Cellulose pulp Webb, C.A. mill & effects on water quality & 3:IBO:(351, 352) (herring spawn abundance in biota of the receiving waters) coastal B.C. waters) 34 (re tidal effects & dissolved oxygen concentrations adjacent to) Webb, L.A. 37 (ammonia & total organic carbon levels 2:IB0:(297) (herring spawn abundance in in red liquor outfall area) coastal B.C. waters) 40(320, 330, 341, 394) (oceanographic studies re apparent sulphite mill pollution) Webb, P.W. IBO:(319, 329, 341, 387, 393) (pollution survey) 2:150(338) (effects of sodium pentachlorophenate :(324, 387) (pulp mill effluent disposal) on salmon) 3:IB0:(395) (effects of whole bleached Kraft mill Wave Current Study Group effluent on growth & food conversion 3:IB0:(331) (Prince Rupert Harbour wave buoy efficiency of underyearling sockeye study) salmon) :(395) (effects of sublethal sodium Waves pentachlorophenate concentrations 1: 28, 70(387) (internal, in Strait of Georgia) on growth rate, food conversion & : 71-76 (wind effects re nature & magnitude swimming performance in underyearling of surface, in the Strait & along sockeye salmon) estuary front) : 75-76; 2:153 (effect on ecology of estuary Webber, A.J. marine shallows) 5:147(282) (fish production & stream cover) 2:IBO:(277); 3:IBO:(331) (re delta morphology) 3:xxi (reduced by presence of inshore islands) Weber, J. : 58 (factors influencing initiation, main- 1:IBO:(473) (trace elements in sewage sludge) tainance & characteristics of inner estuary waves) Weber, W.C. : 58 (origin, characteristics & consequences 167(441) (upland game birds of delta) of tide-rips) :167(441) (gallinaceous birds of delta) : 58 (re local wind activity in Inverness :167(441) (status of birds in Fraser River delta) Passage) 167(441) (raptorial birds of delta) : 59 (in Base Sand bank vicinity) 170(441) (California quail near Point Roberts) : 63 (effected by islands of Skeena River :317, 318(441) (birds of delta) entrance) IBO:(312) (Vancouver birds in 1971) : 63 (activity in inner estuary) :IBO:(323) (Hecate Strait model studies) Webster, G.R. :(326) (measurements) 1:IBO:(472) (trends in southern B.C. coastal :(331) (Prince Rupert Harbour) area irrigation) 4:xxiii (magnitude in Stuart Channel) 282. Web Wes

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Webster, I. 3:IB0:(321) (data record re wood properties, water 3: 36(317) (overall environment study re pulp sedimentation systems & their mill) components) -.148(388) (coliform counts in vicinity of :(395) (sulphur compounds in Kraft pulp mill Prince Rupert sewage outfalls) effluents) :153, 154(388) (effects of fish processing 4:152(317) (wood particle deposition; decomposition plants on surrounding water & subsequent generation of gases) quality & biota) 5:154(283) (gas volumes & pulp wood degradation :160(388) (effects of Kraft mill red liquor products in Harmac mill vicinity) effluent on biological communities 6: 41(265) (re deposition of natural & man-made & water quality of the area) substances) :IB0:(325) (Prince Rupert Harbour interagency :136(287) (chemical analysis of suspended study on oceanography, water quality sediments) & intertidal beach biology) Wersta, E. Wedge, salt (see Salt wedge) 1:IB0:(472) (proposal for bar fishing within Fraser River delta) Weed, A.C. 5:IBO:(257) (notes on a Vancouver Island fish West, G.A. collection) 1:IB0:(428) (lower B.C. mainland reports)

Weed Wester, J. gum (see Grindelia integrifolia) 4:142(310) (dyking & flood control modifications) pineapple (see Matricaria matricaroides) :160(310) (effects of dyking & flood control modifications surrounding faunal, Weeds (Note: many forms have a name ending agricultural & residential lands) in - weed, e.g. duckweed; these are indexed under such names) (see also names of species) Western Brook Lamprey (see Lampetra riohardsoni) 1:280-287; 2:207-208; 3:227-233; 4:212-214; 5:181-182 (species list including) Western Canada Hydraulic Laboratories Limited 1:IB0:(381) (Fraser River hydraulic model studies Weevils (see Curculiordae) on trifurcation, siltation & Fraser- Surrey dock extension) Wegama, W.T. 4: 40(274) (Chemainus Harbour wind records) 5:IBO:(278) (patterns of living in Nanaimo Regional District] Western Crabapple (see Pyrus fusoa)

Weir, W. Western Development and Power Limited 1:IBO:(391) (current measurements & tidal analysis 1:IBO:(376) (engineering & economic study of re Boundary Bay reclamation) Fraser Valley water supply)

Wells, 0. Western Dock (see Rumex ocoidentalis) 4: 6(310) (original extent of Vancouver Island agricultural lands) Western Fescue (see Festuca oaoidentalis)

Wennekens, M.P. Western Red Cedar (see Thuja plioata) 1: 88(407) (depth re infaunal invertebrates of upper foreslope sediments of Western Red Cedar-Grand Fir-Maidenhair Fern western Fraser River delta front) Associations 4:113 (habitat; species composition; diversity; W&rn6ir A E dominance; vertical forest structure & 1:IB0:(483); 2:IB0:(277, 338); 3:IB0:(395) (gases abundances) from sediments in polluted B.C. coastal waters) Western Snake-root (see Sanioula crassioaulis) :(483, 484); 2:IB0:(338); 3:IBO:(395) (decay ing wood — effect on water quality) Western Spring Beauty (see Montia sibirica) 2:149(338) (wood particle decay & subsequent generation of gases) Western Wake Robin (see Trilium ovatum) :149(338) (chemical processes & potential effect of wood debris on benthic life) Western White Pine (see Pinus monticola) :150(338) (hydrogen sulphide & methane production diagram) Westham Island :154(338) (Kraft mill effluent toxicity 2 (re estuarial area) reduction) 140-141 (soil; vegetation; farmland) :IB0:(227, 338); 3:IB0:(331) (accumulation & 155-156 (Canada geese rearing & use of) composition of sediments in 189 (suggested development of foreshore polluted coastal B.C. waters) partly for bird sanctuary & partly :(338); 3:IBO:(396) (natural decay of for shooting) immersed wood particles; data :230 (effect of fine sediments on epifauna record) in river channel west of) 3:159 (hydrogen sulphide gas found in :236 (bog -a vital biological area) Wainwright Basin) :327 (waterfowl census table) :328 (raptor birds - 1970 census) 283 Wes Wic

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Westrheim, S.J. White Beakrush (see Rhynchospora alba) 1:IB0:(428); 3:IB0:(342) status of Pacific coast perch stocks of B.C., Washington & White Birch (see Betula papyrifera) Oregon) :(428); 3:IBO:(363) (silvergray rockfish White Gentian (see Gentiana douglasiana) (Sebastee brevi8pinia) in B.C. waters) 3:IBO:(342) (g.B. Reed groundfish cruise) White Lettuce (see Prenanthee alata) :(363) (G.B. Reed trawling operations off B.C. & southeastern Alaska) White Rein Orchid (see Habenaria unalaschensis) :(364) (Pacific ocean perch survey in northeast Pacific Ocean) White Rock :(364) (maturity, spawning season & larval 1: 33-36 (average temperature, rainfall & snowfall) identification of rockfishes : 86 (some octopoid species found near) (Sebastodes) collected off B.C.) : 99 (commercial & recreational Dungeness & :(364) (mean tub weights of trawl-caught rock crab fishery; legal size; catches) groundfish species aboard the :140 (urbanization; beaches; eelgrass beds) G.B. Reed) :189 (suggested development of recreational parkways) Westshore Terminals (see Roberts Bank) :191 (beach) :194(463) (small parks) Westwater Research Centre :IB0:(465) (planning policies) 1: 8 (source of information) : 59(354) (Fraser River delta water flow, White Sturgeon (see Aoipenser transmontanous) bacterial & chemical composition) :239(354).(ongoing projects re hydrology, White Sucker (see Catostomus oommersoni) water quality, pollution, etc.) Whiteaves, J.F. Weymouth, F.W. 4:IBO:(272) (fossils of Vancouver Cretaceous rocks 1:IBO:(407) (B.C. Dungeness crab life history; & adjacent Strait of Georgia islands) fishing methods & grounds) :(272) (fossils from the Nanaimo Group of the Vancouver Cretaceous) Weypreohtia Sp. 2:199 (in species list) Whitebarred Prickleback (see Poroolinus rothooki)

Whale Whitefish (see also Coregonus; Prosopium) beaked (see Mesoplodon sp.) eastern or lake (see Coregonus olupeaformis) finback (see Balaenoptera physalus) mountain (see Prosopium williamsoni) gray (see Eschriahtius robustus) pygmy (see Prosopium aoulteri) humpback (see Megaptera novaeangliae) Pacific killer (see Orcinus oraa) Whitesel, L.E. pike or Minke (see Balaenoptera aautorostrata) 1:108(412) (factors affecting lake exit of sperm (see Physeter catodon) various sockeye salmon races in Fraser River system) Whaley, H.H. 4:IB0:(288) (distribution of oyster larvae & spat White-spotted Greenling (see Hexagrammos stelleri) in relation to some environmental factors in a tidal estuary) White-vein Pyrole (see Pyrola piota)

Wheat (see Tritioum aestivum) Whitford, H.N. 1:IB0:(438) (B.C. forests) Whelks (see Nassarius) Whiting (see Theragra ohaloogrammus) Whimbrel (see Numenius phaeopus) Whitney, R.R. Whirligig Beetles (see Gyrinidae) 1:112(420) (American shad homing migrations re water temperatures & spawning in White, F.D. Fraser River) 5:IB0:(256) (toxicity of various substances on 2:IBO:(298) (water temperature & the migration Limnoria lignorum) of American shad) (256) (effect of salinity & pH variations on Canadian Pacific coast wood borers) Whittlesey (256) (notes on breeding season of Bankia 6:129(276) (re Kitimat Service Center) setaoea) :IB0:(276) (Kitimat master plan)

White, W.R.H. Wick W.O. 1:IB0:(484); 2:IB0:(338) (distribution of metals 1:IB0:(454) (managing Pacific coast estuarine in a modern marine environment) wildlife in a competitive, 2:IB0:(262); 3:IB0:(314) (mineral deposits along multiple-use society) Canadian Pacific coast) 3:IBO:(314) (effects of the Alaskan earthquake Wickett, W.P. on Canada) 4: 87(294) (coho production versus minimum 6:IB0:(258) (B.C. Cordilleran tectonics) streamflow conditions during juvenile freshwater residence) 284. Wic Wil

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Wickett W.P. 1:IBO-.(438-450); 2:IB0:(310-320); 3:IB0:(370-379); 1:IB0:(407, 428); 3:IB0:(364) (oxygen re salmon 4:IBO:(301-304); 5:IBO:(267-269); eggs) 6:IB0:(273) (bibliography) 3:IB0:(331) (an unusually strong Hecate Strait :(443) (lower mainland management) current) (452) (re development of) :(453); 2:IB0:(320); 3:IB0:(379); 4:IBO:(304, Widdowson, T.B. 306); 5:IB0:(271) (inventory; land 5: 91(266) (Alaria variations & Laminaria capabilities) taxonomy, distribution & ecology) :(454) (re agriculture) :(454); 2:IB0:(320); 3:IB0:(379); 4:IB0:(304) Widgeon (Pacific coast management) American (see Anas amerioanus) 2:112 (habitat variety) European (see Anas penelope) :112; 3:125-128; 4:125-128 (wildlife & human interactions) Widgeon Grass (see Ruppia maritima) :126 (positive &negative responses to land use modifications) Widgeon Keys Organizers Limited :145 (streamside clearance re destruction of 1:IB0:(472) (Boundary Bay project to be known cover areas) as Widgeon Keys) 3:117-119; 4:115-119 (waterfowl) :119; 4:120 (shorebirds & gulls) Widow Rockfish (see Sebastes entomelas) :120 (loons, grebes, cormorants, seabirds) :120; 4:122 (raptors) Wiebe, J. :121 (passerines) 1:IBO:(452) (wildlife importance in Boundary :121; 4:122, 123 (gallinaceous birds) Bay development) :122-125; 4:123-125; 5:110-112; 6:109-110 (mammals] :125, 127 (trapping potential) Wiens, J.H. :125, 127; 4:125 (hunting -potential; locations; 1:IBO:(368) (buffering acid soils of lower conditions; species; economics; social Fraser Valley) benefits) :128 (number, location, yields, economics & Wilby, G.V. species harvested in regional trap lines) 1:112(412) (American shad in Fraser River) :128 (ecological role) :113(412) (white sturgeon in river) :IBO:(374) (re Alaskan ecological reconnaissance) :123(412) (sea-run cutthroat trout sport fishery) 4:xxii (maintenance, species diverstiy & 2: 84(294) (B.C. fish species, distribution & related activities) ranges) :115 (estuarine needs of) 3:IBO:(346) (Canadian Pacific coast fish) :121 (waterbirds) :123 (crows) Wilcox, D. :IB0:(275, 291, 301, 305) (Chemainus) 1:IBO:(472) (open space & Boundary Bay) 5:102-110; 6:103-108 (birds) 6:110, 111 (response to human activities) Wild, R. :IB0:(268, 273, 284) (value) 6:IB0:(277) (Kitimat, B.C. -Tomorrow's City Today) Wildlife for Tomorrow Conference 1:IB0:(454) (Fraser Valley wildlife &agriculture) Wild Crabapple (see Malus diversifolia) Wiley, J. and Sons Wild Currant (see Ribes sp.) 1:IB0:(354) (physical aspects of estuaries)

Wild Ginger (see Asarum eaudatum) Wilke, F. 1:IBO:(453); 2:IBO:(320) (distribution & habits Wild Lily-of-the-Valley (see Maianthemum dilatatum) of north Pacific Ocean fur seals) :(454) (food of sea otters & harbour seals Wild Rice at Amchitka Island, Alaska) 1:IBO:(431) (experimental planting) Wilkinson, A.T.S. Wildlife (see also cognate headings such as Birds; 1:IB0:(454) (gut content of birds from Vancouver Hunting; Mammals; Management; Recreation; International Airport) Waterfowl; also types of, e.g. Ducks; Fishes; also vernacular and scientific names, e.g. Williams, A.B. Ducks; Mergus) 1:IB0:(395); 2:IB0:(280); 3:IB0:(333, 364) (fish & xvii, 236(453); 2:IB0:(320); 4:115 (importance game in B.C.) of estuary to) :(428); 2:IB0:(303); 3:IB0:(333, 364) (rod 151-180, 293-328; 3:IB0:(379); 4:IB0:(304, 310); & creel in B.C.) 5:IBO-.(269) (of estuary) 3:122(379) (wildlife species hunted in Skeena 188 (map of refuges for) area) 188; 3:125, 127, 128; 4:125 (recreation - potential; non-consumptive usage) Williams, I.V. 242; 4:169; 5:160; 6:175-176 (ongoing research 1:107(429) (timing of mature sockeye salmon projects) entering Fraser River) 293-326; 2:210-219; 3:236-244; 4:216-225; 5:185- :108(429) (factors affecting lake exit of 193); 6:212-219 (species lists) various sockeye races) IB0:(392) (hydroelectric development) 285 Wil Win

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Williams, I.V. (cont'd) Wilson, C.B. 1:109(429) (lethal & sublethal effects of water 5:IB0:(256) (parasitic copepods from Nanaimo B.C. quality on young sockeye) (including eight new species)) :111(429) (lamprey parasitism on migrating sockeye) Wilson, G.A. :IBO:(429) (tests with nickel furpirinol to 2:IBO:(262) (petrographic description re Gambier control sockeye prespawning Island plutonic mass, Howe Sound, mortalities) B.C.) :(429) (prespawning mortality of sockeye in Horsefly River & McKinley Creek) Wilson, R.R. 5:IBO:(232) (The Granby Consolidated Mining, Williams, P.M. Smelting & Power Company's colliery 1:IB0:(379) (distribution & speciation of iron at Cassidy, Vancouver Island) during transition from river to marine waters) Wilson, W.A. 3:IBO:(364) (survey of B.C. commercial fishermen's Williamson, H.C. incomes) 1:107(429) (timing & pattern of mature sockeye :(364) (some economic aspects of B.C. salmon migration into & within commercial fishing) Fraser River) :(364) (socio-economic background of B.C. 2:IB0:(303) (Pacific salmon migrations; tagging commercial fishing) operations report) Wilsonia pusilla (Wilson's warbler) Williamson Island 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) 1:140, 141 (vegetation; soils) 2:215; 4:222; 5:190; 6:216 (in species list)

Willington, R.P. Wind 1:IB0:(473) (soil disturbance from timber 1:: xv (effects on estuarial ecosystems) harvesting in southwestern B.C.) : 33-34; 5:24; 6:26, 27, 31 (recording stations - locations; techniques) Willis, Cunliffe, Tait and Company Limited : 38,40-42; 2:31-36; 3:xxi,17,26; 6:20,27 (pattern 1:IBO:(472) (feasibility study on the S. Spetifore -prominent; general; regional airflow) and Sons Limited, Boundary Bay farm) : 38, 40-42; 2: 31-36, 59; 3: 23; 4: 30, 40; :(472) (proposed development for the 5: 24, 26, 27; 6: 26, 27, 29, 30, 31 Semiahmoo Indian Reserve, Boundary (directions -seasonal; seasonally Bay area) predominate; percentage frequency - for 3:IB0:(396) (proposed sanitary sewerage systems Entrance Island & Kitimat Townsite & for the Corporation of the Village Smelter) of Hazelton, B.C.) : 38, 40-42, 244-245; 2: 31-36; 3: 24, 25; 5: 24, 4:105(300) (Quamichan Lake fish kills) 26, 27; 6: 29, 30 (speeds -mean annual at :IB0:(277, 290, 317) (Quamichan Lake Study) Vancouver International Airport, 1937-1974; :(277, 317) (sewage collections & disposal) also at Tsawwassen ferry terminal & Sand Heads lightship; mean; maximum hourly; Wi11ow calm & mean by months - for Entrance Island I Hooker's (see Salix hookeriana) Kitimat Townsite & Smelter) Mackenzie's (see Salix maokenzieana) : 45-48; 2: 36, 37; 3: 26, 27; 4: 41 (air Pacific (see Salix lasiandra) pollution - potential; re winds & sandbar (see Salix exigua; S. sessifolia) inversions; effects on regional) Scouler's (see Salix soouleriana) : 63, 71, 77 (effects on Strait of Gerogia Sitka (see Salix sitchensis) oceanography re estuary) unspecified (see Salix sp.) :244-245; 5: 18 (prevailing direction -at Vancouver International Airport, 1937-1974; Willowherb also at Tsawwassen ferry terminal & Sand northern (see Epilobium watsonii) Heads lightship) (see Epilobium latifolium) IBO:(370) (Burrard Inlet) (see Epilobium mintum) 31-36; 4: 40 (wind stations) 31-36; 4: 40, 41; 5: 18, 28; 6:xxiv, 20, 27 Wilmeth, R. (factors influencing —meteorological) 3:IBO:(310) (Geological Survey of Canada 32-33 (northerly outflow ("Squamish") wind - radiocarbon dates XII) origins, velocities, duration, :(314) (distribution of several types periodicity & variations) of obsidian from B.C. archeological 33 (southerly inflow winds - origins, velocity sites) average & extremes, duration, periodicity, development of) Wilson, A.H. 34-35 (diurnal sea-breeze circulation - origins 1:IB0:(484) (consolidation of amendments to of, factors affecting, periodicity, Rawn Report on sewerage & drainage dynamics of, cycle, fluctuations of) of Greater Vancouver area) 35; 3: 24, 25; 4: 33, 34; 6: 28 (wind roses - Squamish; Prince Rupert; Lawyer Island; Wilson, B.W. Victoria; Chemainus; Kitimat Townsite) 1:IBO:(369) (engineering evaluation of the 35; 4: 64 (diagram) tsunami of the 1964 Alaska 49 (effects on salinity) earthquake) 286. Win Woo

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Wind (cont'd) 3:IB0:(331) (five Skeena Salmon Management 59 (nature of) Committee annual reports) 59 (mixed layer) :(349) (effects of rock slide on Babine 59 (upwelling) River salmon) 59, 61 (runoff induced currents) :(359) (spawning stock size & resultant 59, 61; 5: 28 (modification) Skeena sockeye production) 60 (re nature & magnitude of Howe Sound waves) :(364) (distribution of age groups & sexes 60; 3: 57 (re tides - levels) of sockeye salmon throughout the IBO:(271) (re Alberni Inlet surface waters) fishing season at the Skeena River) xxi, 17, 26 (seasonally & topographically 4: 93(296) (steelhead emergence timing estimates) induced variations) :100(296) (lower mainland & Vancouver Island 23 (monitoring inadequacies & factors steelhead integrated into affecting) comprehensive management programs) 23; 4: 30, 40 (strengths -seasonal) :IB0:(294) (age & size of steelhead trout in 26 (inversion causes & frequencies) Vancouver Island anglers' catches) 58 (effects in Inverness Passage) :(294) (prediction of salmon runs) 59 (conditions in vicinity of Port Essington, 5: 81(260) (season of steelhead emergence) west to Skeena River mouth) : 82(259) (Nanaimo River angler-caught steelhead IBO:(315, 322) (effects in Hecate Strait) survey) xxiii (regime in Stuart Channel) : 89(259) (Nanaimo River steelhead biology) 40 (land-sea breeze frequencies) :IB0:(271) (Nanaimo land use ownership map) 41 (topographic controls) 67, 68 (re waves) Withler, I.L. IB0:(273); 5:IB0:(234); 6:IB0:(260) (Canadian 1:IB0:(411); 2:IB0:(293); 3:IB0:(346) (field normals) manual of sport fish habitat :(274) (Chemainus Harbour) protection) 5: 25 (monthly summary of hourly winds recorded 2:IB0:(303); 3:IB0:(365) (life history variations at Entrance Island) in North American Pacific coast 55 (re Nanaimo estuary currents) steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)) IB0:(241) (induced circulation) xxiv, 20, 27 (seasonal regimes) Witt, E.W. 20, 26 (Arctic & interior air characteristics, 1:IB0:(369) (moisture retention, ash & reaction positioning & effects) of some processed & unprocessed 20, 27 (weather with respect to coastal lower Fraser Valley peats) topography) 26, 27, 31 (operational history & inconsisten Wolf (see Canis lupus) cies; local variations in sea breeze circulation) Wolf, C.L. ' 2:IB0:(248) (glossary of geology) Windom, H. 1: 20(361) (mineralogy of Fraser River Channel Wolfe, H.W. suspended sediments) 1:201(478) (toxic levels of various water 2:IBO:(257) (clay mineral distribution in the pollutants) world ocean) 2:IB0:(266, 333) (water quality criteria)

Winkle Wolf-eel (see Anarrhichthys ocellatus) dog (see Thais) Wolverine (see Gulo luscuns) Wintercress common (see Barbarea vulgaris) Wong, J. (see Barbarea orthocevas) 1: 79(388); 2:IBO:(275) (three reports on current velocity measurements in Strait of Withler, F.C. Georgia) 1:124(429); 2: 97(303) (annual steelhead trout catch by Indians of Fraser River Wood, J.S. delta & Howe Sound) 1:IBO:(430) (occurrence & control of Columnaris 3: 66(342) (prominent planktonic organisms disease in Fraser River sockeye in juvenile salmon diets) salmon) 83(365) (re steelhead production) :(472) (land use of Tsawwassen & Roberts 84(365) (major Skeena steelhead runs) Bank causeways) 84(365) (downstream steelhead smolt migration) Wood Fern (see Thelypteris phegopteris) 85(364, 365) (freshwater fish species) 108(369) (pondweed location & abundance) Woodall, W.L. 112(369) (vegetation covering mountainous 1:103(418) (factors affecting pink salmon terrain) abundance in Fraser River estuary) :121(370) (owls frequent Skeena lakes) 2:IB0:(297) (reponses of young pink salmon to :123(379) (mammalian wildlife inhabiting Skeena vertical temperature & salinity basin) gradients) :IB0:(305, 321) (Babine Lake; Lac-Da-Dah Basin lakes) 287. Woo Xan

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Woodfibre Wowchuk, R.M. xi (pulp mill) 3:IBO:(364) (G.B. Reed groundfish cruise) 74 (fauna) 155 (ecological conditions) Wren 155, 156 (bottom topography; sediments; flora Bewi ck's (see Thryomanes bewickii) & fauna) house (see Troglodytes aedon) :177 (re deep-sea port) long-billed marsh (see Telmatodytes palustris) :IB0:(340) (map) rock (see Salpinctes obsoletus) winter (see Troglodytes troglodytes) Woodland, A. 1:IB0:(354) (early years (1858-1898) of New Wright, A.J. Westminster) 4: 6(310) (early history of City of Duncan) 3:IB0:(365) (Nanika River rehabilitation project) : 10(310) (Chemainus lumber production) :111(310) (Duncan & the Cowichan Valley during Woodland Areas the depression years) 1:130 (map of major, in delta & estuary) :135, 145 (woodland vegetation communities) Wright, J.B. 1: 35(371) (Greater Vancouver average annual Woodland Rose (see Rosa gymnooarpa) precipitation) :IBO:(370) (the unusual winter of 1968-1969 in Woodpecker BC) black-beaked three-toed (see Picoides arcticus) :(370); 2:IB0:(263); 3:IB0:(315) (northwest downy (see Dendrocopos wind development at Vancouver) pubescens) :(371) (Vancouver's longterm weather trends) hairy (see Dendroaopus :(371) (precipitation patterns over lower villo8us) Fraser River Valley) :(371) (Fraser River estuary climatological Lewis' (see Asyndesmus lewis ) pileated (see Dryoaopus pilateus) data) :(371) (fog incidence at Vancouver Inter national Airport) Woodrush (see Luzula) 5:IB0:(235) (climate of the Nanaimo River estuary & its effect on proposed port Woodsia (see Woodsia sp.) development)

Woodsia sp. (woodsia, unspecified) Wright, J.C. 1:IBO:(369) (effect of boron application on 5:184 (in species list) certain Fraser Valley soils) Woodsworth, G.J. 3:IBO:(313, 314) (multiple regression as a method Wright, L.D. . of estimating exploration 1:IB0:(346) (procedures & rationale for analysis potential in Terrace area of of major river systems & their deltas) B.C.) :(491) (variations in morphology of major river deltas as functions of ocean wave & river discharge regimes) Woodward Island 1:132 (flora) Wright Engineers Limited Woodward's Landing 3:175(385) (renovations of port) 1: 84 (Bankia setacea (shipworm) presence re :IBO:(305) (Prince Rupert port development) salt wedge intrusion into river as far as) :(396) (report on Cronin Mine tailings pond design) Woody Cinquefoil (see Pontentilla villosa) Wyder, J.E. Worm 1:IBO:(369) (correlation of Boundary Bay area arrow or bristle-jawed (see Chaetognatha) Pleistocene glacial tills) bristle (see Nereis) burrowing (see Arenioola; poly- chaeta) earth (see Lumbricus) ship (see Bankia)

Worms (unspecified) 163 (as food of mergansers) 301 (as food of plover) Xanthidium antilopaem polymazum (green algae) 302 (marine, as food of plover) 4:104 (found in Cowichan Lake) 319 (as food of shrew) 324, 325 (as food of mammals) Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (yellow-headed 326 (food of amphibians) blackbird) 1:313 (habitat; food; etc.) Wormwood 2:215; 4:222; 6:216 (in species list) common (see Artemisia douglasiana) (see Artemisia campestris; Artemisia Xanthoria (lichens) suksdorfii) 1:279 (in species list) 288. Xem Zon

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Xema sabini (Sabine's gull) 3:238; 4:219 (in species list) Xiphister atropurpureus (black prickleback) Zalerion maritimum (marine fungus) 4:208; 5:174; 6:196 (in species list) 1:278 (in species list) 4:107 (abundance &classification) 5: 91 (inhabits Nanaimo region) Zalophus aalifornianus (California sea-lion) 2:218; 4:224 (in species list) Zanniohellia palustris (horned pondweed) 3:233 (in species list) Zapodidae (jumping mice) (see also Zapus trinotatus) 3:242 (in species list) Yarrow (see Achillea millefolium) Zaprora silensus (prowfish) Yates, A.N. 3:218 (in species list) 3:IB0:(362) (four reports on B.C. landings of trawl-caught groundfish by month Zapus hudsonious hudsonicus (meadow jumping mouse) & major statistical area) 3:218 (in species list) 5:IB0:(256) (experimental prawn trap fishing) Zapus princeps saltator (western jumping mouse) Yellow Cedar (see Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) 3:242 (in species list)

Yellow Paintbrush (see Castilleja unalasohoensis) Zapus trinotatus trinotatus (northwestern jumping mouse) Yellow Pond Lily (see Nymphaea polysepalum) 1:321 (habitat; food) 2:217 (in species list) Yellow Violet (see Viola glabella) Zea may8 Yellow Water Lily (see Nuphar polusepalum) 1:135 (in delta pasture land) :183 (acreage used for silage production) Yel1owfi n Sole (see Limanda aspera) Zealand, G.S. Yellowlegs 6(253) (historic Kitimat logging operations) greater (see Tringa melanoleuaa) 127(276) (re logging) lesser (see Tringa flavipes) IBO:(284) (environmental quality objectives) Yellowmouth Rockfish (see Sebastes reedi) Zenaida maoroura (mourning dove) 1:169, 305 (habitat; food; etc.) Yellowtail Rockfish (see Sebastes flavidus) 2:213; 4:219; 5:188; 6:214 (in species list) 4:122 (residential status) Yellowthroat (see Geothlypis trichas) 5:109 (inhabit Nanaimo watershed) 6:108 (occurrence of) Yoldia (see also Clams) 264; 3:205; 4:197 (Y. amygdalea (in species list)) Zinc 264; 4:197 (Y. ensifera (in species list)) 1: 55, 58, 59; 4:IB0:(278) (ion levels in 197 (Y. myalis (in species list)) estuary waters) : 90 (in Sturgeon & Roberts banks marine Yoldia sp. (bivalve, unspecified) macrofauna) 2:191; 4:198 (in species list) :212, 213 (ion & metal in industrial effluents) 4: 73 (biomass found in substrates of Cowichan :255-257 (ion determination localities in river Bay & Satellite Channel) basin waters, re water quality) 3: 33 (levels in Cronin Creek) Yoldia thraciaeformis (bivalve) 4:IB0:(278, 284, 311, 312) (re Crofton oysters) 1:265; 4:198 (in species list) :(315) (re Crassostrea gigas) 4: 73 (biomass found in substrates of Stuart Channel; ecological significance) Zoantharia (see also Anthopleura; Pachyoerianthus) 1:261 (unspecified, in tide pools) Yole, R.W. 2:187 (in species list) 4:IB0:(272) (Vancouver Island Upper Palaeozoic stratigraphy) Zoanthidea (small anemone-like anthozoans) (see Epizoanthus sootinus) Yorkshire Fog (see Holous lanatus) Zonalio, G.W. Young, S.P. 1:IB0:(472) (report on small craft harbour, Ladner] 3:IBO:(375) (Alaskan mammal distribution) Zonotrichia albioollis (white-throated sparrow) 3:241; 4:223 (in species list) 289. Zon Zyg

SPECIAL ESTUARY SERIES INDEX

Zonotrichia atrioapilla (golden-crowned sparrow) 3:106, 115; 157; 4:107, 108 (locations of) 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) 4:107, 108 (abundance & preferred habitats) 2:216; 3:241; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) 5:xxvi (estuarine distribution) :xxviii (impact of log booming on) Zonotrichia leucophrys (white-crowned sparrow) 6: 95 (habitat; species dominance; regional 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) concentrations; ecological significance) 2:216; 3:241; 4:223; 5:191; 6:217 (in species list) Zostera nana (see also Eelgrass) Zonotrichia nuttalli (Nuttali sparrow) 1:133, 139 (only in three small beds in Boundary 3:241 (in species list) Bay) Zonotrichia querula (Harris' sparrow) Zostera sp. (see also Eelgrass) 1:315 (habitat; food; etc.) 1: 88, 138, 140, 146 (around southern delta 4:222 (in species list) front Point Roberts to White Rock beaches) :IB0:(431) (habitats) Zooplankton (see also Food Chains) :(432); 2:IB0:(306); 4:IB0:(297); 5:IB0:(262, 1: 94-96, 207-274; 2: 81; 3:IB0:(338) (species - 267) (status) Strait of Georgia near & in Fraser River 2: xx (occur in Mamquam Channel) estuary; composite list of, in lower : 92 (spawning habitat of herring) river estuary; diversity; re pelagic 3:xxiv (inhabits Flora Bank) entomostracan) 5: 96 (estuarine importance of) : 96 (of Sturgeon Bank re proposed Vancouver : 96, 97, 98; 6: 92 (distribution -of Zostera- airport expansion) Ulva associations; trends; effecting :IBO:(395-407) (bibliography including) factors; intertidal) :(395, 401, 402); 2: 79, 80, 81(280, 285, : 97, 98, 143; 6: 92 (abundance -historic & 286) (distribution - factors; inlet; current; in estuary; with respect to Strait of Georgia; in Squamish sedimentation re logging) estuary; Mamquam Channel; seasonal 98 (location & area in estuary) changes; depth) 105 (food resources) :(400); 2:IB0:(285); 3:IBO:(337); 5:IB0:(252) IBO:(263); 6:IBO:(271) (cyclical growth; (identification manual) detritus formation; trophic :(401); 2:IBO:(285) (with respect to whale relationships; inshore resource fisheries) implications) :(401); 2:IB0:(285, 286) (northeastern :(264); 6:IBO:(261) (phosphorus cycling) Pacific Ocean) :(265) (frost tolerance) :(403); 2:IB0:(288) (re grazing) 6:153 (re log handling &storage) 71 (as food of herring & flounder) 77 (of Mamquam Channel) Zosteraceae (eelgrass family) (see Zostera) 79 (seasonal biomass in estuary &Mamquam 6:211 (in species list) Channel) 79 (summer survival hypothesis) Zyblut, E.R. 79, 80, 81, 82, 173 (abundance - in Squamish 1:111(424) (river lamprey parasitism of salmon estuary; Mamquam Channel; seasonal in Fraser River mouth) changes in; re west delta; re fish stomach :IBO:(429) (report on Fraser River chum salmon contents) stocks) 80 (drift organisms) 2:IB0:(301) (parasitism on Pacific juvenile 80 (habitat) salmon & herring in Strait of Georgia) 129 (as primary consumers; feeding strategies) :(303) (Johnstone Strait - Fraser River IBO:(252) (re primary productivity) study area chum salmon stocks; report) 3:xxii (consumed by freshwater fish) 4: 73 (protoza, rotifera, copepoda & cladocera Zygoptera (damselflies) of Cowichan River system) 3: 64 (ocassionally found in Lakelse Lake) : 79 (general information; of Chemainus Bay) 5: 72 (microzooplankton observations, objectives & status of analysis) :IBO:(254) (Canadian marine) 6: 71 (of Kitimat delta) Zostera latifolia (see also Eelgrass) 1:292 (in species list)

Zostera marina (see also Eelgrass community) 1:132, 133, 138, 147 (along Tsawwassen foreshore, Roberts Bank, Mud, Semiahmoo & Boundary bays) 136 (a small patch by lona Island jetty) ,139 (on beaches of Beach Grove & Crescent Beach) :156 (major food of black brant in Boundary Bay) 104 (located on Mamquam delta) ;208; 3:223; 4:214; 6:211 (in species list) ;106 (estuarine vascular plants) 106 (importance to estuarine ecosystem &food webs, as habitat, food source.& shelter)