Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism Location in Tuada Village, , West

Hernita Pasongli, Vrita Tri Aryuni, and Nurain Sirajudin Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University, ,

Keywords: Ecotourism, Land suitability, Mangrove.

Abstract: Tuada Beach in West Halmahera is one of the local tourist destinations in North which still has mangrove in the side part. Instead of its beautiful view of the beach, the mangrove's itself have potential to be developed as ecotourism spot for those who are interesting in a special adventure. The objective of the research was to identify mangrove ecotourism potential and assessment its suitability as ecotourism in Tuada Beach, Jailolo, West Halmahera. The research method was by mapping, weighting and scoring variables, continued with overlay analysis. Variables of the assessment were mangrove density, thickness and variety, accessibility, slope, and freshwater supply. Slope data were generated from map contour, while freshwater supply, accessibility, and mangrove variables collected with field surveys. Results showed that mangrove thickness was suitable. It has a flat slope, which very suitable for ecotourism. Tidal range varies between 3-1.7 meters which suitable for ecotourism, while water supply located for 0.1 – 0.67 km from the area and it's considered suitable for ecotourism. This area has good accessibility. For the density of mangrove varies between rare until very dense, while its variety consists of 8 species. Tuada Beach has the potential to be developed for mangrove ecotourism, as its suitability varies from moderate suitable (S2) to highly suitable (S1). For its potential and suitability, the facilities need to improve as this beach recommended for ecotourism spot. Yet, in some part of the area need cultivation, so that the conservation of the mangrove could've sustainable.

1 INTRODUCTION has potential in coastal ecotourism development, especially mangrove ecotourism. Mangrove is a woody plant that grows on the Mangrove ecotourism plays an important role in surface between the sea and land, both in tropical maintaining the authenticity of nature and the and subtropical regions. Generally, these plants are coastal environment, as well as maintain the found in areas with high salinity, calm waves, strong preservation of flora and fauna in the area. Tuada winds, high temperatures, and muddy anaerobic Beach in West Halmahera was one of the local soils. Mangrove forests have many functions, both tourist destinations in North Maluku which still has ecologically and economically. This forest provides mangrove in the side part. Instead of its beautiful shelter, food, spawning for various kinds of marine view of the beach, the mangrove's itself have and terrestrial organisms, niche providers for potential to be developed as ecotourism spot for organisms that depend on coastal ecosystems, those who are interesting in a special adventure. The carbon sinks, and as a nursery ground for organisms objective of the research was to identify mangrove living on the sea. Mangrove could also useful for ecotourism potential and assessment its suitability as fisheries, agriculture, forestry, regional protection ecotourism in Tuada Beach, Jailolo, West coastal areas from erosion, sources of wood raw Halmahera1.1 Subsection heading materials for firewood and building materials, tourism and other benefits (Kathiresan and Bingham,2001; Doydee, Doungnamol and Jaitrong, 2 METHOD 2010; Pinto,1986 in Dissanayake and Chandrasekara, 2014; Lee et. al., 2014; Sirajudin, The research method was by mapping, weighting 2018 ). and scoring all the variables, continued with overlay

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Pasongli, H., Aryuni, V. and Sirajudin, N. Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism Location in Tuada Village, Jailolo, West Halmahera. DOI: 10.5220/0008899702230227 In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2018), pages 223-227 ISBN: 978-989-758-439-8 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

ICTL 2018 - The 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning

analysis and reclassification with Geographical freshwater supply, as can be seen on table 1. Slope Information System, using ArcGis 10. data were generated from map contour, while freshwater supply, accessibility, and mangrove 2.1 Data Collection variables collected with field survey. Range tide data was collected by secondary data, gathered from Variables of the assessment were mangrove density, Dishidros Indonesian Navy. thickness and variety, accessibility, slope, and

Table 1: Matrix Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism. Moderate Marginally Highly Suitable Variables Weight Suitable(S2) Suitable (S3) (S1) (score 3) (score 2) (score 1) Mangrove 3 > 5 3-5 1-2 diversity Mangrove 3 > 500 > 200 – 500 50-200 thickness (m) Mangrove 3 >15-25 (100m²) >10-15 5-10 density Range tide (m) 1 0-1 >1-2 > 2- 5 Freshwater 1 < 1 1-2 > 2 Km supply (Km) Accessibility 1 Good average bad Nearly Slope 1 level/Very Steep Very steep gently sloping Source: Yulianda, 2007, with modification.

2.2. Suitability Analysis of Ecotourism 3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION for Mangrove Forests on Tuada Beach The results obtained from this research study were presented in form of maps. Determination of the suitability of the mangrove ecotourism class index can be determined based on the assessment of the mangrove ecotourism 3.1 Mangrove Diversity suitability matrix. Based on primary data and secondary data, the land suitability class is obtained. Mangrove diversity represents the variability of its This suitability class was established based on species of the area. Higher variability reflects its overlay variables thas has been weighted and scored, potential for ecotourism. thus defined by its class interval as can be seen in table 2. Table 3: Mangrove composition on Tuada Beach, 2018.

No Station Table 2: Suitability Interval Based Category. Mangrove . Suitability 1 2 3 4 5 Class Category Interval 1. Rhizophora + + + + + S1 highly suitable > 31 mucronata L Moderate 2. Bruguiera + + S2 22-30 suitable gymnorrhiza 3. Ceriops tagal + S3 not suitable 13-21 (perr)

224 Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism Location in Tuada Village, Jailolo, West Halmahera

4. Avicennia marina + 3% so that was highly suitable for ecotourism (S1). 5. Rhizophora + + Flat slope and sloping is very suitable for bathing apiculata BI and swimming activities (Purbani, 1999). A slope 6 Avicennia + + can affect the safety of visitors when bathing and officinalis swimming on the beach. Slope could also effect on 7 Xylocarpus + + abrasion and a land subsidence, which makes the granatum soil unstable and change its location, thus affects the 8 Xylocarpus + + + saplings of mangroves that grow and expand along moluccensis the coast 9 Nypa fruticans + + - - - Total 6 6 3 3 3 3.4 Tidal Range Average 4,2 ~ 4 (S2) (+) found Based on tidal data from the results of the previous (-) not found research and tidal data from Dishidros AL (2009), it is known that in Jailolo has the same type as other area in the Halmahera island group, which has two Based on table 3, it can be concluded that mangrove episodes of equal high water and two episodes of of Tuada Beach consisted of 9 different species low water each day (Semi-Diurnal Tide Type). which are Rhizophora mucronata L, Bruguiera Data showed that tidal ranges generally range gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal (perr), Avicennia from 3 to 1,7 meters that could cause more shallow marina, Rhizophora apiculata BI, Avicennia parts of the water to appear on the surface. The tidal officinalis, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus range concluded moderately suitable (S2) because of moluccensis and Nypa fruticans. Mangrove in each its safety reason and its effects on the vertical station could be different, RhizophorRga mucranata distribution of mangroves. L, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal (perr), Xylozarpus granatum and Xylozarpus moluccensi 3.5 Freshwater Supply and Nypa fruticans (1st station). Rhizophora mucronata L, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia The existing water resources in an area greatly marina, Rhizophora apiculata BI, Xylocarpus influences the economic activities of the population moluccensis, and Nypa fruticans (2nd station), in the region. The existence of clean water is very Rhizophora mucronata L, Rhizophora apiculata BI influential in the development of tourism objects and and Xylocarpus granatum (3rd station). Rhizophora the surrounding area. In coastal tourism areas, the mucronata, Avicennia officinalis and Xylocarpus availability of fresh water is the main object besides moluccensis could be found in 4th station, while sea water. Freshwater sources come from Rhizophora mucronata L, and Avicennia officinalis underground springs and rivers that are adjacent to for the 5th station. In average there are 4,2 ~4 tourist sites. The result showed that water resources different species within the area so that concluded as in Tuada beach for tourism activities came from moderately suitable (S2) for ecotourism. Todowongi River and resident wells within 0.1-0.67 Km perimeter. Based on the criteria in the land 3.2 Density and Mangrove Thickness suitability matrix, the availability of fresh water is categorized as highly suitable (S1) because the The distribution of mangrove density in the study freshwater resource located was only < 0.5 km from area has a very rare, rare, medium and very dense in the area. With the presence of fresh water sources density. Its density is considered not suitable (S3). that are close to the beach, this can support the Mangrove thickness at I-V station has an average activities of visitors or tourists. The source of fresh mangrove thickness 550-600 m. The thickness at the water is absolutely necessary, especially for the 1st station to station 5 can be categorized moderately survival of the population and supporting the suitable (S2) because it is in the value of more than development of the potential for tourism in the area 500 m. of small islands (Dahuri, 2003). And when conducting tourism activities, the availability of 3.3 Slope clean water is very necessary to support management facilities and tourism services The slope of the beach in Tuada village is (Handayani, 2010). categorized as flat to almost flat with a value of ˂

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3.6 Accessibility reliable service. In addition, the frequency and speed of service can result in long distances as if being Accessibility is the the link between zones whose closer. Increased accessibility means shortening the forms are in the form of transport facilities in the time and will certainly reduce costs. broadest sense, covering transportation networks, The land suitability class was obtained based on the such as: terminal capacity (airports, ports, and suitability interval. As could be seen that the Tuada stations), road networks, and service networks, Beach categorized as highly suitable (S1) and including: vehicle availability / transportation moderately suitable (S2). (transportation modes), costs reasonable, and

Figure 1: Mangrove suitability map for ecotourism in Tuada Village, Jailolo, West Halmahera.

Results showed that mangrove thickness was beach recommended for ecotourism spot. Yet, in suitable. It has a flat slope, which very suitable for some part of the area need cultivation, so that the ecotourism. Tidal range varies between 3-1.7 meters conservation of the mangrove could've sustainable. which suitable for ecotourism, while water supply located for 0.1 – 0.67 km from the area and it's considered suitable for ecotourism. This area has ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS good accessibility. For the density of mangrove varies between rare until very dense, while its The authors of this paper are thankful to Dr variety consists of 8 species. Abdulrasyid Tolangara, M.Si for his support during the research and PKUPT as the main support for the funding. 4 CONCLUSION

Tuada Beach has the potential to be developed for REFERENCES mangrove ecotourism, as its suitability varies from suitable to highly suitable (S1). For its potential and Dahuri, R., 2003. Keanekaragaman Hayati Laut; suitability, the facilities need to improve as this Aset Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

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Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism Location in Tuada Village, Jailolo, West Halmahera

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