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ŞAR Shao SPECIAL ISSUE 2013 CİLD 8 № 2 AZERBAIJANI ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL ISSN: 2078-4163 XÜSUSİ BURAXILIŞ ŞAR ShAO SPECIAL ISSUE 2013 CİLD 8 № 2 AZERBAIJANI ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL ISSN: 2078-4163 Azәrbaycan Milli Elmlәr Akademiyası AZӘRBAYCAN ASTRONOMİYA JURNALI Cild 8 – № 2 – 2013 | XÜSUSİ BURAXILIŞ ŞAR - ShAO - ШАО - 60 Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Национальная Академия Наук Азербайджана AZERBAIJANI АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ASTRONOMICAL ЖУРНАЛ JOURNAL АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА Volume 8 – No 2 – 2013 Том 8 – № 2 – 2013 SPECIAL ISSUE СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ВЫПУСК Azәrbaycan Milli Elmlәr Akademiyasının “AZӘRBAYCAN ASTRONOMIYA JURNALI” Azәrbaycan Milli Elmlәr Akademiyası (AMEA) Rәyasәt Heyәtinin 28 aprel 2006-cı il tarixli 50-saylı Sәrәncamı ilә tәsis edilmişdir. Baş Redaktor: Ә.S. Quliyev Baş Redaktorun Müavini: E.S. Babayev Mәsul Katib: P.N. Şustarev REDAKSIYA HEYӘTİ: Cәlilov N.S. AMEA N.Tusi adına Şamaxı Astrofizika Rәsәdxanası Hüseynov R.Ә. Baki Dövlәt Universiteti İsmayılov N.Z. AMEA N.Tusi adına Şamaxı Astrofizika Rәsәdxanası Qasımov F. Q. AMEA Fizika İnsitutu Quluzadә C.M. Baki Dövlәt Universiteti Texniki redaktor: A.B. Әsgәrov İnternet sәhifәsi: http://www.shao.az/AAJ Ünvan: Azәrbaycan, Bakı, AZ-1001, İstiqlaliyyәt küç. 10, AMEA Rәyasәt Heyәti Jurnal AMEA N.Tusi adına Şamaxı Astrofizika Rәsәdxanasında (www.shao.az) nәşr olunur. Мәktublar üçün: ŞAR, Azәrbaycan, Bakı, AZ-1000, Mәrkәzi Poçtamt, a/q №153 e-mail: [email protected] tel.: (+99412) 439 82 48 faкs: (+99412) 497 52 68 2013 Azәrbaycan Milli Elmlәr Akademiyası. 2013 AMEA N.Tusi adına Şamaxı Astrofizika Rәsәdxanası. Bütün hüquqlar qorunmuşdur. Bakı – 2013 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Астрономический Журнал Азербайджана” Национальной Azerbaijani Astronomical Journal of the Azerbaijan National Академии Наук Азербайджана (НАНА). Academy of Sciences (ANAS) is founded in 28 Aprel 2006. Основан 28 апреля 2006 г. Web- адрес: http://www.shao.az/AAJ Online version: http://www.shao.az/AAJ Главный редактор: А.С.Гулиев Editor-in-Chief: A.S. Guliyev Заместитель главного редактора: Э.С.Бабаев Associate Editor-in-Chief: E.S. Babayev Ответственный секретарь: П.Н.Шустарев Secretary: P.N. Shustarev Редакционная коллегия: Editorial board: Джалилов Н.С. (Шамахинская Астрофизическая Обсерватория ) Jalilov N.S. (Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory) Гусейнов Р.Э. (Бакинский Государственный Университет) Huseynov R.A. (Baku State University) Исмаилов Н.З. (Шамахинская Астрофизическая Обсерватория) İsmayilov N.Z (Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory) Гасымов Ф.К. (Институт физики НАНА) Gasımov F.G. (Institute of Physics of ANAS) Гулузаде Дж.M. (Бакинский Государственный Университет) Guluzade J.M. (Baku State University) Технический редактор: Аскеров А.Б. Technical Editor: A.B. Asgarov Адрес редакции: Editorial Office address: Азербайджан, Баку, AZ-1001, ул. Истиглалийят 10, Президиум ANAS, 10, Istiglaliyyat Street, Baku, AZ-1001, the Republic of НАНА Azerbaijan Журнал издается в Шамахинской Астрофизической Journal is published in the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory named Обсерватории (ШАО) им. Н.Туси НАНА after N.Tusi of ANAS. Адрес для писем: Азербайджан, Баку, AZ-1000, Главпочтамт, Address for letters: ShAO, P.O.Box No153, Central Post Office, а/я №153, ШАО Baku, AZ-1000, Azerbaijan e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] тел.: (+99412) 439 82 48 tel.: (+99412) 439 82 48 факс: (+99412) 497 52 68 fax: (+99412) 497 52 68 Национальная Академия Наук Азербайджана, 2013 г. 2013, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Шамахинская Астрофизическая Обсерватория им. Н.Туси 2013, Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory named after N.Tusi, НАНА, 2013 г. Все права защищены. ANAS. All rights reserved.. Баку - 2013 Baku -2013 Аzərbaycan Astronomiya Jurnalı № 2, 2013 Azerbaijani Astronomical Journal MÜNDƏRİCAT – CONTENTS – СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ 4 ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КОМЕТ В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ ЗА 60 ЛЕТ 5 А.С. Гулиев ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПО ФИЗИКЕ СОЛНЦА, ПРОВОДИМЫЕ В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ ЗА ПЕРИОД 1953-2013 гг. 12 Н.С. Джалилов, Э.С. Бабаев СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СВЕРХГИГАНТОВ, ЗВЕЗД ТИПА ВОЛЬФА-РАЙЕ И НОВЫХ ЗВЕЗД В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ 27 ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ ЗА 60 ЛЕТ Д.Н. Рустамов ИСТОРИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МОЛОДЫХ ЗВЕЗД В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ 44 Н.З. Исмаилов КОМПЛЕКСНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МАГНИТНЫХ СР- ЗВЕЗД В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ 62 С.Г. Алиев, В.М. Халилов ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МАЛЫХ ПЛАНЕТ В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ 72 Д.И. Шестопалов, Л.Ф. Голубева ОБ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ПЛАНЕТ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ 83 А.А. Атаи КОНЕЧНЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ ЗВЕЗДНОЙ ЭВОЛЮЦИИИ: ОБЗОР ОСНОВНЫХ РАБОТ СОТРУДНИКОВ ЛАБОРАТОРИИ «ФИЗИКА ЗВЕЗДНЫХ АТМОСФЕР» 92 Ф.К. Касумов, А.О. Аллахвердиев, И.М. Юсифов РАБОТЫ О ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИИ И ЭВОЛЮЦИИ МАЛЫХ ПЛАНЕТ, ПРОВОДИМЫЕ В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ 108 Р.А. Зейналов ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПО ТЕОРИИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОРБИТ ИСКУССТВЕННЫХ СПУТНИКОВ ЗЕМЛИ ПО ПОЛНЫМ И НЕПОЛНЫМ ОПТИЧЕСКИМ 111 НАБЛЮДЕНИЯМ Р.А. Зейналов ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ РАДИОИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ СОЛНЦА, ПРОВОДИМЫЕ В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ ЗА 131 ПЕРИОД 1965-2013 гг. Ш.Ш. Гусейнов КРАТКОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ НАУЧНЫХ РАБОТ ДЖ. С. АЛИЕВА ПО ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯМ В ТЕЧЕНИЕ 1977 – 2012 гг. 135 Дж.С. Алиев 3 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ В 1953 году, в нелегкий послевоенный период, была заложена основа будущей Шамахинской Астрофизической Обсерватории (ШАО) в Азербайджане. После долгих поисков на территории республики именно в том году было решено, что обсерватория будет строиться на горе Пиркули (Шамахинский район), на расстоянии примерно 150 км от столицы Азербайджана, Баку. Вскоре после этого на выбранной территории появились вагончики строителей, стройматериалы, небольшие телескопы для изучения астроклимата. Параллельно с этими работами решались вопросы, связанные с кадрами – будущими астрономами. Хотя официальной датой учреждения Шамахинской Обсерватории считается 1959 г., за предшествующие 6 лет была сделана грандиозная работа для создания астрономической школы в Азербайджане. В 1954 году была создана лаборатория астрофизики в составе Института Физики АН Азербайджана, которая переросла в Сектор Астрофизики (1956). Выходили журналы Сектора, проводились астрофизические наблюдения, организовывались конференции, решались кадровые вопросы, наиболее талантливые молодые сотрудники отправлялись на учебу в лучшие обсерватории тогдашнего Советского Союза. Неоценимый вклад в создании будущей астрономической обсерватории внесли такие выдающиеся астрономы как Г. Султанов, Р. Гусейнов, Г. Мамедбейли, Т. Еминзаде, и др. В исторических материалах, энциклопедиях, веб-ресурсах и т.д. как правило точкой отсчета для деятельности ШАО принимается 1959г. В этом есть определенная доля несправедливости, так как фактически игнорируется очень важная эпоха 1953-59гг – период формирования зародыша обсерватории. Поэтому Президиум НАН Азербайджана и руководство ШАО в этом году решили хотя бы частично устранить эту несправедливость и отметить 60-летие основания обсерватории проведением региональной конференции, посвященной этой дате. Было также решено опубликовать труды этой конференции в двух номерах Астрономического Журнала Азербайджана. Аzərbaycan Astronomiya Jurnalı № 2, 2013 Azerbaijani Astronomical Journal ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КОМЕТ В ШАМАХИНСКОЙ АСТРОФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ ЗА 60 ЛЕТ ©2013г. А.С. Гулиев Шамахинская Астрофизическая Обсерватория им Н. Туси НАН Азербайджана (e-mail: [email protected]) ВВЕДЕНИЕ что упомянутая гипотеза в первоначальном Работы, выполненные в этом направлении, виде не в состоянии объяснить деление малых можно классифицировать следующим планет на отдельные семейства. Далее автор встал на позиции более перспективного образом: теория движения спутников планет, варианта гипотезы и рассматривал версию о комет и астероидов; происхождение неоднократном распаде. Подойдя к проблеме астероидов и комет; физика комет и совершенно не предвзято, автор вывел астероидов; физика планет. основные формулы для элементов орбит Исследование малых тел солнечной фрагментов распада при различных системы (спутники планет, комет и начальных условиях. Их варьированием были астероидов) является одним из основных получены определенные распределения научных направлений Шамахинской астероидов по отдельным инвариантным астрофизической обсерватории. В параметрам. Сравнивая ряд характеристик, обсерватории долгое время функционировал имеющих место в статистических отдел «Динамика и физика тел солнечной распределениях системы», возглавляемый академиков Г.Ф. астероидов, были впервые Султановым. В настоящее время отдел определены формы орбит первичных называется «Планеты и малые небесные тела». крупных тел и их положения в пространстве. В течение более пятидесяти лет в этом Далее были рассмотрены различные задачи по направлении проводились, как теоретические, исследованию механизма распада первичных так и наблюдательные исследования. крупных тел с учетом переменности законов Конечная цель теоретических работ, в распределения величин и направлений основном, сводилась к космогоническим векторов относительных скоростей их построениям. Наблюдательные работы осколков. Величины и направления векторов охватывали, в основном, планеты – гиганты и относительных скоростей приняты как их спутники, отельные кометы и астероиды. произвольные. При этом предположении Для проведения этих исследований определены функции совместного использовались все основные телескопы распределения величин больших полуосей и обсерватории, включая 2- м телескоп. эксцентриситетов орбит осколков первичных Теоретические работы, в основном, крупных тел,
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