DOCSLIB.ORG

Attitude of the French State: Discrimination in the Name of Equality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Attitude of the French State: Discrimination in the Name of Equality Organisation in favour of the language rights of Basque speakers 1 Arsenal square. 64 100 Baiona ℡. / : +33 0 559594948 - [email protected] www.behatokia.org Attitude of the French State: Discrimination in the name of equality Addressed to: Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL st th Pre-sessional working group, the 21 – 25 of May 2007 DISCRIMINATION IN THE NAME OF EQUALITY "Je souhaite que leur enseignement soit correctement pris en charge.... mais je ne serai pas favorable à la Charte européenne des langues régionales. Je ne veux pas que demain un juge européen puisse décider qu’une langue régionale doit être considérée comme langue de la République au même titre que le français. [...] Les minorités n’ont pas à complexer la majorité, uniquement parce qu’elle est majoritaire” Nicolas Sarkozy. French Interior Minister 2007-03-15 "According to the principle of equality, French is the language we all share and therefore we ought to use only French. […] We should not succumb to the temptation to take the language issue too far. We all speak French here, so if anyone likes let them translate for themselves." Jean Grenet, Mayor of Bayonne, 16 Nov. 2004 Depuis plus de deux siècles, les pouvoirs politiques ont combattu les langues régionales. Certes, la république a accompli une oeuvre consideráble: la maîtrise de la langue française par le peuple, le recul des obscurantismes et de l’ignorance. Fallait-il pour cela nier les réalités culturelles et linguistiques de nos régions, au prix de la disparition de certaines d’entre elles? Jack Lang, Former Education Secretary; 2001-04-25 The Observatory of Linsguistic Rights, Behatokia, is a trust that Kontseilua, the Council of Social Organisations in support of Basque, has created. Behatokia deals with the language rights of the citizens of the Basque Country, and aims to defende that these rights are respected in the whole of the Basque Country, both in the public and private areas. 1 1. INTRODUCTION Basque is the language proper to the three territories of the French state: Lapurdi, Low Navarre and Zuberoa. However, although it is their language, the state does not acknowledge its speakers' rights. In consequence, constant violations of language rights are condoned by the law. The total lack of any legal status whatsover for a period of centuries has relegated Basque from public life and progressively circumscribed the historical language of these provinces to a diminishing range of functions. For several centuries our language has existed in a situation of diglossia, held in disregard and excluded from the uses that tend to accord a language social prestige and value. Yet another problem is the loss of speakers. Today there are 15,000 fewer speakers than ten years ago, and if the present trend continues the numbers will go on dwindling, since a large proportion of the present speakers are elderly people. Here we see the evolution of bilinguals in Lapurdi, Low Navarre and Zuberoa over the past ten years: EVOLUTION OF BILINGUALS 35,00 10,74% 30,00 8,97% 10,08% 25,00 13,92% French bilingual 20,00 8,48% 9,24% Ballanced bilingual 15,00 Basque bilingual 8,44% 8,98% 10,00 5,00 5,33% 0,00 1991 1996 2001 In this respect it is also interesting to observe the general percentages for bilinguals: 2 LANGUAGE COMPETENCE 100% 90% 80% 70% 66,90% 60% 73,56% 75,34% MONOLINGUALS 50% BILINGUALS 40% 30% 20% 33,10% 10% 26,44% 24,66% 0% 1991 1996 2001 Given these figures, it is hardly surprising that the 1996 and 2001 editions of the Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, published by Stephen A. Wurm under the auspices of UNESCO, list Basque as a "seriously endangered language". But this is not just a spontaneous phenomenon. The state's past language policy and the non-recognition of languages such as ours have been directly responsible for the decline of Basque, and have put at risk the sociocultural survival of our language community. A deliberately distorted use of the words Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité has given rise to an alarming situation with regard to the future of our languages and others like it. 2. CONCERNING COMPLIANCE WITH RECOMMENDATIONS In its 67th, 68th and 77th sessions, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights studied the second periodical report of the state of France and on the 30th of November, 2001 made a series of recommendations in accordance with Articles 16 and 17 of the Agreement on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The state of France presented its third report on implementation of the Agreement on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the 7th of March, 2007. Hizkuntz Eskubideen Behatokia, as an organisation for the protection of Basques' language rights, has read that report and wishes to present its own report concerning the French state's compliance with the 2001 Committee's two recommendations, and on the third report of the state of France. This report will 3 be presented at the preliminary work group meeting to be held from the 21st to the 25th of May, 2007. RECOMENDATION 25. 25. The Committee suggests that the State party review its position with regard to minorities, ensuring that minority groups have the right to exist and to be protected as such in the State party. The Committee recommends that the State party withdraw its reservation with regard to article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and that it ratify the Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Protection of National Minorities, as well as the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages. This Committee points out that the state of France has not complied with a single one of the specific recommendations that were made to it in 2001. That is an objective fact, although one which the state of France refuses to acknowledge in its own self-assessment. It has not yet revoked the clause from Article 27 of the Agreement on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; nor has it not yet signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities; and it has also not yet ratified the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages. Furthermore, despite three recent attempts to incorporate recognition of the existence of languages other than French into the French Constitution, none of these attempts was allowed to prosper. These are the most recently attempts: On the 26th of May, 2005 four amendments concerning language issues were presented in a debate over changes to Title XV of the Constitution, but none of the four was adopted: • The following addition to the Constitution's second article: “La langue de la République est le français, dans le respect des langues régionales qui font partie de notre patrimoine” (The language of the Republic is French, while respecting the regional languages that form part of our heritage). • The following addition to the Constitution's second article: “La langue de la République est le français, dans le respect des langues régionales qui font partie de notre patrimoine“ (The language of the Republic is French, while respecting regional languages). • The insertion of article 53-3: “La République française peut ratifier la Charte européene des langues régionaes ou minoritaires du Conseil de l’Europe” (The French Republic may ratify the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages of the Council of Europe). • The insertion of article 53-3: “Dans le respect du premier alinéa de l’article 2, la République française peut ratifier la Charte européene des langues régionales ou minoritaires du Conseil de l’Europe” (With regard to the first paragraph of article 2, the French Republic may ratify the 4 European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages of the Council of Europe). On the 13th of December, 2006 another unsuccessful attempt was made in the French Assembly to study a proposed amendment of the second article of the Constitution with the inclusion of a reference to other languages. It was proposed that the second article be reworded as follows: “La langue de la République est le français, dans le respect des autres langues de France qui font partie de notre patrimoine” (The language of the Republic is French, while respecting other languages of France that form part of our heritage). The second article of the French Constitution continues to say simply: La langue de la République est le français (The language of the Republic is French), and that fact is used as a pretext by the state for disregarding this Committee's recommendations. According to the report assessing compliance with the recommendations by the state, the fact that minorities are not subject to collective rights is not a real impediment for ratifying its position. However, while claiming it is not an impediment, there is no will to confront the real issue. How can one say that there is no prohibition at the same time as their existence is denied in agreements for the protection of international rights? What about the clause that has been added to article 27 of the International Agreement on Civil and Political Rights, for example! To speak of prohibitions, or indeed to argue that there is no such prohibition, is quite unacceptable in the twenty-first century. The absence in the state of France of a prohibition against the use of their own language by citizens who live their lives in a local language other than France plainly does not constitute a sufficient guarantee of equal rights for all citizens. Nevertheless, in the examples to be presented below, we shall see that in reality Basque-speaking citizens have repeatedly been prohibited from using their own language, in the courts among other places.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aramaioko Hizkera*
    Aramaioko hizkera* JOSE LUIS ORMAETXEA LASAGA** ATARIKOA ramaioko euskara aztertzea aspaldiko asmoa banuen ere, oraintsu arte ez Adut asmo hori burutu. Gaztetatik hasia nintzen gurasoei (batez ere ama- ri) entzuten nizkien bitxikeriak apuntatzen. Baina lexikoari zegozkion kon- tuak ziren ia erabat. Eta urrats bat gehiago eman beharra zegoen. Eta hasi nintzen, hasi, baina baita ere garbatu zitzaidan lehenago ez ekin izana. Izan ere, lan honen helburua adinekoen euskara jasotzea eta aztertzea izanda, due- la 20-25 urte egin izatera, ziur asko zerbait desberdina zatekeen. Ezaugarri na- gusietan, beharbada, ez da aldaketa handirik gertatu Aramaioko euskaran be- launaldi batean, baina bizimodu-aldaketak eta erdararen eraginak bere lana egingo zutela ez dut dudarik. Hori adinekoen artean. Zer esanik ez belaunal- di gazteagoen artean, horiengan euskara batuak ere eragin eskerga izan duke- elarik. Azterketa honetan ez da egin gaur egun Aramaioko hiztun guztiek egiten duten euskararen argazkia. Argazki partziala da: soilik adinekoen euskara az- tertu da. Beraz, desagertzear den eta neurri handi batean desagertu den bizi- modu baten lekuko izan direnen euskara. Arkeologia-lana, hein handi batean. Sarreran, Aramaiori buruzko zenbait datu eman ondoren, lana egiteko erabili den metodologia eta oinarri teorikoak erakusten dira. Ondoren dator Aramaioko hizkeraren azterketa linguistikoa, honelako la- netan bereizten diren atalak landuz: 1 Fonologia, 2 Izenaren morfologia, 3 Aditzaren morfologia, 4 Morfosintaxia. Hemen, labur-beharrez, ezaugarri na- gusiak baino ez ditugu aipatuko. Azkenik, ondorio nagusiak ematen ditut, atal hauek bereiziz: Aramaioko hizkeraren kokagunea, eta Aramaioko euskararen eta Oletakoaren arteko des- berdintasunak. * Artikulu honetan 2005eko ekainean Gasteizko Filologia Fakultatean irakurritako tesiaren labur- pena eskaintzen da. Tesiaren izenburua: Aramaioko euskara (azterketa dialektologikoa).
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Beauty Spots Paradises to Be Discovered
    The Active OUTDOORS Natural Beauty Spots Paradises to be discovered Walking and biking in Basque Country Surfing the waves Basque Coast Geopark Publication date: April 2012 Published by: Basquetour. Basque Tourism Agency for the Basque Department of Industry, Innovation, Commerce and Tourism Produced by: Bell Communication Photographs and texts: Various authors Printed by: MCC Graphics L.D.: VI 000-2011 The partial or total reproduction of the texts, maps and images contained in this publication without the San Sebastián express prior permission of the publisher and the Bilbao authors is strictly prohibited. Vitoria-Gasteiz All of the TOP experiences detailed in TOP in this catalogue are subject to change and EXPE RIEN may be updated. Therefore, we advise you CE to check the website for the most up to date prices before you book your trip. www.basquecountrytourism.net The 24 Active OUT- DOORS 20 28LOCAL NATURE SITES 6 Protected Nature Reserves Your gateway to Paradise 20 Basque Country birding Bird watching with over 300 species 24 Basque Coast Geopark Explore what the world way 6 34 like 60 million years ago ACTIVITIES IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY 28 Surfing Surfing the Basque Country amongst the waves and mountains 34 Walking Walking the Basque Country Cultural Landscape Legacy 42 42 Biking Enjoy the Basque Country's beautiful bike-rides 48 Unmissable experiences 51 Practical information Gorliz Plentzia Laredo Sopelana THE BASQUE Castro Urdiales Kobaron Getxo ATXURI Pobeña ITSASLUR Muskiz GREENWAY GREENWAY Portugalete ARMAÑÓN Sondika COUNTRY'S MONTES DE HIERRO Gallarta Sestao NATURAL PARK GREENWAY Ranero BILBAO La Aceña-Atxuriaga PROTECTED Traslaviña Balmaseda PARKS AND AP-68 Laudio-Llodio RESERVES Amurrio GORBEIA NATURAL PARK Almost 25% of Basque Country Orduña territory comprises of protected nature areas: VALDEREJO A Biosphere Reserve, nine AP-68 NATURAL PARK Natural Parks, the Basque Lalastra Coast Geopark, more than Angosto three hundred bird species, splendid waves for surfing and Zuñiga Antoñana numerous routes for walking or biking.
    [Show full text]
  • Mikel Zarate: Cautious Creator of Unified Basque
    ESTUDIOS VASCOS Mikel Zarate: Cautious Creator of Unified Basque Gorka Aulestia* RESUMEN El vizcaíno Mikel Zarate, nacido en Lezama, fue uno de los escritores más des- LABURPENA tacados de la segunda mitad del s. XX. En este artículo presentamos algunos de- ABSTRACT talles de su vida y un sencillo análisis de algunas de sus obras. Asimismo, mos- tramos un deseo ferviente de su corazón: la unificación de la lengua vasca y la superviviencia del dialecto vizcaíno. XX. mendeko bigarren zatian, Bizkaian jaio ziren euskal idazleen artean, one- netariko bat izan zen Lezamako Mikel Zarate. Lantxo honetan haren bizitzako zertzelada batzuk eta lan batzuen azterketa xumea aurkezten ditugu. Baita ere erakusten dugu haren bihotzeko gurari sakon bat: euskararen batasuna eta Biz- kaiko euskalkiaren iraupena. Mikel Zarate, born in Lezama (Biscay), was one of the most notable writers of the second half of the XX century. In this article we present some details of his life and an brief analysis of some of his works. Likewise, we show one of his most ardent wishes: the unification of the Basque language and the survival of the Biscayan dialect. PALABRAS CLAVE Literatura vasca, dialecto vizcaíno, vascuence unificado, País Vasco, Academia de GAKO-HITZAK la Lengua Vasca KEY WORDS Euskal Literatura, Bizkaiko euskalkia, euskara batua, Euskal Herria, Euskaltzaindia Basque literature, Bizkaian dialect, unified Basque, Basque Country, Basque Academy Fecha de recepción/Harrera data: 10-05-2012 * Aulas de Experiencia. Vitoria. (UPV) Fecha de aceptación/Onartze data: 21-06-2012 165 Sancho el Sabio, 35, 2012, 165-188 SANCHO EL SABIO All deaths are sad because they imply loss and separation, but when the departed is a young artist, it is also a loss to the culture of his coun- try.
    [Show full text]
  • Before Babel: a History of Basque Literatures
    Before Babel: A History of Basque Literatures Joseba Gabilondo BαRβaπoaK © 2016 Barbaroak. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. Design: Joseba Gabilondo. Photographs: Wikimedia commons. ISBN: 978-1530868322 Library of Congress Cataloging Data: PH5281 .G33 2014 Barbaroak, LLC. www.barbaroak.com Only Basques preserve, to our days, their vulgar and barbarian language, which does not show any elegance, and is very different from the rest of languages and the most ancient of Spain, […] it is said that the whole Spain made use of the Basque language before the Romans entered these provinces and, with their arms, spread their language. It is also said that, because these Basque people were vulgar, ferocious, and wild […] and the mountains they inhabited were inaccessible, they never fell completely under the yoke of the foreign empire, or they shook it swiftly. Juan de Mariana, General History of Spain, (1601). What are we waiting for while congregated in the forum? The barbarians are expected to arrive today. Why is there such lack of action in the senate? Why are the senators sitting still and do not legislate? Because the barbarians will arrive today. … Why are the streets and public squares becoming empty? And everybody is going home with skeptical thoughts? Because night has fallen and the barbarians did not arrive. Some people came from the border And reported that the barbarians do not exist anymore. Now what are we going to do without barbarians? These people were after all a kind of solution. Constantine P. Cavafy. “Waiting for the Barbarians.” (1904; translation by Konstantinos Karpozilos).
    [Show full text]
  • Estibaliz Amorrortu Gomez
    ACTAS / PROCEEDINGS II SIMPOSIO INTERNACIONAL BILINGÜISMO LANGUAGE PLANNING AND LINGUISTIC ATTITUDES IN THE BASQUE CASE Estibaliz Amorrortu Gómez1 University of Deusto, Bilbao 1. Introduction2 The Basque case is often mentioned as a successful language-planning story. Popular and governmental efforts to reverse its minority status lead to a situation where use of Basque is more visible: it is now used in print, mass media, and education, and it is present in linguistic landscape. Although the sociolinguistic situation is still clearly diglossic, Basque is present in many institutional settings. However, scholars are still concerned about minority language use (Larrañaga, 1998). Even though the number of bilingual speakers increases, actual use of Basque, especially in informal interactions, does not seem to increase as well3. In this paper, I examine linguistic attitudes in the Basque case in two dimensions, status and solidarity, and relate them to language planning and possible future use of Basque. Linguistic attitudes represent attitudes hold towards speakers of the given varieties. Speakers holding high socio-economic status are the ones believed to speak “good language”, whereas the dialects of stigmatized groups are perceived as “ugly”, “imperfect”, “lazy”, or just “bad X”. Prestige in the context of a variety is often associated to the status dimension of language: prestigious varieties are those used by professional or high-class groups, and those varieties promoted in institutional settings such as education, religious services,
    [Show full text]
  • Dealing with Dialectal Variation in the Construction of the Basque
    Dealing with dialectal variation in the construction of the Basque historical corpus Ainara Estarrona1, Izaskun Etxeberria1, Ricardo Etxepare2, Manuel Padilla-Moyano2, Ander Soraluze1 1HiTZ Center - Ixa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 2CNRS - IKER (UMR 5478) [email protected] [email protected] Abstract This paper analyses the challenge of working with dialectal variation when semi-automatically normalising and analysing historical Basque texts. This work is part of a more general ongoing project for the construction of a morphosyntactically annotated historical corpus of Basque called Basque in the Making (BIM): A Historical Look at a European Language Isolate, whose main objective is the systematic and diachronic study of a number of grammatical features. This will be not only the first tagged corpus of historical Basque, but also a means to improve language processing tools by analysing historical Basque varieties more or less distant from present-day standard Basque. 1 Introduction In many languages other than Basque, different historical corpora exist which are annotated morpholog- ically and syntactically, and allow lexical, morphological or syntactic searches in historical texts, e.g. the Penn Parsed Corpora of Historical English (Kroch and Taylor, 2000; Kroch et al., 2004; Kroch et al., 2016), the Tycho Brahe Corpus [historical corpus of Portuguese] (Galves et al., 2017), the Icelandic Parsed Historical Corpus (Wallenberg et al., 2011) or the Parsed Old and Middle Irish Corpus (Lash, 2014). However, no appropriate instruments of this type have ever been developed for Basque. In this paper we present the work we are carrying out in the construction of a historical corpus of Basque considering the dialectal variation of historical texts.
    [Show full text]
  • CASE of BASQUE: Past, Present and Future Maria-Jose Azurmendi and Iñaki Martínez De Luna (Eds.)
    Maria-Jose Azurmendi and Iñaki Martinez de Luna (eds.) 5 THE CASE OF BASQUE: Past, Present and Future Maria-Jose Azurmendi and Iñaki Martínez de Luna (eds.) CONTENTS The Contributors ................................................................................................. 7 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 13 Maria-Jose Azurmendi and Iñaki Martínez de Luna 1. History of the Basque Language: From the Discours of its Death to its Maintenance .............................................. 19 Xabier Erize 2. Basque Language Corpus Planning .................................................................. 43 Koro Urkizu 3. The Social Movement in Favour of the Normalization of the Basque Language ............................................................ 53 Xabier Mendiguren and Joxe I. Iñigo 4. Use of the Basque Language, Key to Language Normalization ............................... 67 Iñaki Martínez de Luna, Xabier Isasi and Olatz Altuna 5. Economic Development and the Basque Language: A sign of hope ......................... 89 Jose M. Zendoia 6. Theoretical, Social and Political Discourses on the Basque Language .................... 103 Jone M. Hernández, Olatz Olaso and Iñaki Martínez de Luna 7. The Future of Basque in RLS Perspective ......................................................... 117 Mikel Zalbide, Nicholas Gardner, Xabier Erize and Maria-Jose Azurmendi 8. Language Policies of the European Union with Reference to Regional or Minority
    [Show full text]
  • A Morphological Processor Based on Foma for Biscayan (A Basque Dialect)
    A morphological processor based on foma for Biscayan (a Basque dialect) Iñaki Alegria1, Garbiñe Aranbarri2, Klara Ceberio3, Gorka Labaka1, Bittor Laskurain 2, Ruben Urizar1 1 IXA research group. University of the Basque Country. 649 PK 20080 Donostia 2 Eleka S.L. Zelai Haundi kalea, 3 - Osinalde industrialdea - 20170 Usurbil 3 Elhuyar Foundation. Zelai Haundi kalea, 3 - Osinalde industrialdea - 20170 Usurbil E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present a new morphological processor for Biscayan, a dialect of Basque, developed on the description of the morphology of standard Basque. The database for the standard morphology has been extended for dialects and an open- source tool for morphological description named foma is used for building the processor. XuxenB, a spelling checker/corrector for this dialect, is the first application of this work. 1. Basque and Biscayan morphology foma is licensed/certified under the GNU license: in Basque is an agglutinative language with rich keeping with traditions of free software, the distribution morphology. Standard Basque morphology was that includes the source code comes with a user manual described by Alegria et al. (1995; 2002) using finite-state and a library of examples. The compiler and library are morphology. implemented in C and an API is available (foma. The Biscayan dialect of Basque (Arejita et al., 2002, sourceforge.net). 2005), also called Western Basque (Zuazo, 2008), is a Standard Basque morphology was migrated to open- dialect of the Basque language spoken in the western source finite-state technology using hunspell (Nemeth et part of the Basque speaking area, mainly in the province al., 2004) first and then to foma (Alegria et al., 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in the Grammar of Endangered Languages: the Case of Two Basque Dialects
    Agurtzane Elordui Variation in the Grammar of Endangered Languages: The Case of Two Basque Dialects Abstract Resea¡ches addressing variation in language loss suggest that the factors underlining variation in endangered languages differ from the factors that account for variation in healthy languages. The results of this study focused on the patterns of variation across the language use ofdifferent speakers oftwo dying dialects ofBasque, also show that differences related with the social status of the speakers do not explain the morpho- syntactic variation found in these dialects. The data indicate that the pattems of variation found in these terminal communities can be better accounted for in terms of differentiation in the degree of language use frequency of the speakers and in the diversity of their acquisitional backgrounds. These results come to confirm King's proposal according to which variation arises in dying languages as a result of a language death process whereby simplified variants gradually replace more complex variants, especially in the speech of semi-speakers (King 1989: 139). Likewise, the analysis of the overgeneralized o¡ new variants used particularly by semi-speakers reveals that linguistic considerations such as scale ofmorphological complexity ofthe variant, markedness and semantic and morphological transparency have a relevant importance in order to explain the linguistic nature ofthis variation. 1. Introduction One of the most widespread linguistic characteristics of endangered languages is the great amount of linguistic variation that appears within the speech of a single speaker and particularly, across the language use of different speakers of the same speech community. Researches addressing variation in language loss suggest that the factors underlining this variation differ from the factors that account for variation in healtþ languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Aramaioko Hizkera*
    Aramaioko hizkera* JOSE LUIS ORMAETXEA LASAGA** ATARIKOA ramaioko euskara aztertzea aspaldiko asmoa banuen ere, oraintsu arte ez Adut asmo hori burutu. Gaztetatik hasia nintzen gurasoei (batez ere ama- ri) entzuten nizkien bitxikeriak apuntatzen. Baina lexikoari zegozkion kon- tuak ziren ia erabat. Eta urrats bat gehiago eman beharra zegoen. Eta hasi nin- tzen, hasi, baina baita ere garbatu zitzaidan lehenago ez ekin izana. Izan ere, lan honen helburua adinekoen euskara jasotzea eta aztertzea izanda, duela 20- 25 urte egin izatera, ziur asko zerbait desberdina zatekeen. Ezaugarri nagusie- tan, beharbada, ez da aldaketa handirik gertatu Aramaioko euskaran belau- naldi batean, baina bizimodu-aldaketak eta erdararen eraginak bere lana egin- go zutela ez dut dudarik. Hori adinekoen artean. Zer esanik ez belaunaldi gazteagoen artean, horiengan euskara batuak ere eragin eskerga izan dukeela- rik. Azterketa honetan ez da egin gaur egun Aramaioko hiztun guztiek egiten duten euskararen argazkia. Argazki partziala da: soilik adinekoen euskara az- tertu da. Beraz, desagertzear den eta neurri handi batean desagertu den bizi- modu baten lekuko izan direnen euskara. Arkeologia-lana, hein handi ba tean. Sarreran, Aramaiori buruzko zenbait datu eman ondoren, lana egiteko erabili den metodologia eta oinarri teorikoak erakusten dira. Ondoren dator Aramaioko hizkeraren azterketa linguistikoa, honelako la- netan bereizten diren atalak landuz: 1 Fonologia, 2 Izenaren morfologia, 3 Aditzaren morfologia, 4 Morfosintaxia. Hemen, labur-beharrez, ezaugarri na- gusiak baino ez ditugu aipatuko. Azkenik, ondorio nagusiak ematen ditut, atal hauek bereiziz: Aramaioko hizkeraren kokagunea, eta Aramaioko euskararen eta Oletakoaren arteko des- berdintasunak. * Artikulu honetan 2005eko ekainean Gasteizko Filologia Fakultatean irakurritako tesiaren labur- pena eskaintzen da. Tesiaren izenburua: Aramaioko euskara (azterketa dialektologikoa).
    [Show full text]
  • Meta-Fiction, Parody, and the [Basque] Apocalypse Revealed to All
    BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal Volume 8 Issue 1 Article 2 October 2020 Meta-Fiction, Parody, and The [Basque] Apocalypse Revealed to All Larraitz Ariznabarreta University of Nevada, Reno Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga Part of the Basque Studies Commons Recommended Citation Ariznabarreta, Larraitz (2020) "Meta-Fiction, Parody, and The [Basque] Apocalypse Revealed to All," BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal: Vol. 8 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. 10.18122/boga/vol8/iss1/2/boisestate Available at: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga/vol8/iss1/2 Meta-fiction, Parody, and The [Basque] Apocalypse Revealed to All Larraitz Ariznabarreta, PhD Members of ethnic and other social and cultural minorities –women, gays, and lesbians– have made creative use of the fantastic and postmodern modes of writing in order to express alterity and otherness: also as means of exposing and disrupting repressive notions of nationalism and identity and the defamiliarizing normative assumptions about the constitution of the real. (Concha & Dobrott, 2006, p. 198) Over ten years have gone by since Joseba Gabilondo’s Apokalipsia guztioi erakutsia ["Vulgate of the Apocalypse” or “The Apocalypse Revealed to All"1] was published. Although the book obtained the “Erein Narratiba” award in 2009, the collection gained no scholarly attention and hardly received any critical reviews. The exceptions were few and not very encouraging. In a revision published in Gara (July 31, 2009) Ion Olano conceded that Gabilondo “had tried to make a liquid book (not to say “postmodern”), using some really interesting ingredients, but all in all, […] he had stopped short of the attempt” (Olano, July).
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae MIREN AGURTZANE ELORDUI URKIZA
    Curriculum Vitae MIREN AGURTZANE ELORDUI URKIZA Contact Work Department of Basque Language and Communication Details Faculty of Communication University of the Basque Country, Campus of Leioa, LEIOA, BISCAY,48940 Tel. : 94 6012731 (office) E-mail : [email protected] n Name : Miren Agurtzane ELORDUI URKIZA Personal n Nationality : Spanish Data n Date of Birth : 2nd of March 1964 n Place of Birth : Bilbao 1991 - 1995, Education University of The Basque Country, Faculty of History and Philology, Department of Basque Philology Ph.D. in Basque Philology and Linguistics Thesis Title: Language shift and language change: the case of the Southwest Biscayan dialect Total Grade: CUM LAUDE (Supervisor : Prof. Miren Lourdes Oñederra). 1984 - 1988, University of The Basque Country, Faculty of History and Philology, Department of Basque Philology Grade in Basque Philology and Linguistics 2 Working 2008 - today, Experience University of The Basque Country, Department of Basque Language and Communication, Faculty of Communication, Campus of Biscay. Full-time employment as Senior Lecturer. Teaching Experience in: • Language usages in media (Level 1: Journalism, Audio-visual Communication) • Oral Expression and genres in media (Level 3: Audio-visual Communication) • Linguistic Strategies in multimedia communication (Master on Multimedia Communication UPV/EHU-EITB ) • Implementation and elaboration in corpus planning (Master on Language Planning and Policy, University of the Basque Country) Course Coordination Experience in: • Language usages in
    [Show full text]