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Bizkaierazko Aditzak Hartzen Dauen Bokal Epentetikoa Dala Eta

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Bizkaierazko Aditzak Hartzen Dauen Bokal Epentetikoa Dala Eta Bizkaierazko aditzak hartzen dauen bokal epentetikoa dala eta Eneko Barrutia Bilboko Hizkuntza Eskola Ofiziala [email protected] Abstract In this article the author analyzes whether the epenthetic vowel of the verb is an –a or an –e form. While the one that has been mostly used in literature is the –a form, there have been changes in oral Basque and now –e is being used. Some examples from literature and popular speeches will be provided in order to discuss the ancient and the current usage. At the end of the article, the author makes a proposal in favor of using the –e form while writing in the Bizkaian dialect. Laburpena Artikulu honetan bizkaierazko aditzaren bokal epentetikoa -a edo -e dan aztertuten da. Literaturan erabiliena -a izan bada be, gaur egun ahozko euskeran aldaketea gertau da eta -e egiten da. Literaturako eta herriko euskerako hainbat adibide emongo dira lehengo jokerea eta gaurkoa argitzeko. Artikuluaren amaieran bizkaiera idatzirako be -e hartzeko proposamena egiten da. Keywords: verb, Biscayan dialect, epenthetic vowel Hitz gakoak: aditza, bizkaiera, bokal epentetikoa ahalerako adizkietan be eztabaidagarria da epentesirik 1. Sarrera behar dan edo ez gaur egun. Bizkaierazko aditzak ze bokal epentetiko hartu behar dauen zalantza-bide gertau leiteke. Bizkaiera 1.1. Erabilera klasikoaren ezaugarriak: idatzirako izen morfologia eta deklinabidea aztertuta eta proposatuta dagoz, baita aditz paradigmak be. Baina ez 1. Bizkaieraren tradizino klasikoan bokal epentetikoa –a izan da, eta –e salbuespen moduan da ezer esan edo ez da eztabaidatu paradigmotako erabilten izan da: adizkiak sintaxi atzizkiakaz alkartukeran –a edo –e bokal epentetikoa hartu behar daben. Kontua da naz.. nazala, nazalako, nazanetik... erabilera klasikoan –a dala bokala (salbuespen batzuetan –e) eta gaur egunean herriko euskeran –e nago.. nagoala, nagoalako, nagoanetik... dala, euskera batuan egiten dan moduan. daki.. dakiala, dakialako, dakianetik... gatoz.. gatozala, gatozalako, gatozanetik... Epentesirik ez da behar pertsona morfemen ostean: datoz.. datozala, datozalako, datozanetik... dodala dozula 2. -e salbuespen moduan erabilera klasikoan dogula... honeetan kasuotan: ezta –a-ren edo –e pluralgilearen ostean be: 2.1. -r, -l amaierak daroala Kontuan euki behar da –r eta –l amaierea daben aditzak batuaz legez jokatu dirala beti: daukala dator.. datorrela, datorrelako, datorrenetik... dakiela dakar.. dakarrela, dakarrelako, dakarrenetik... dabela dabil.. dabilela, dabilelako, dabilenetik... dinoela... darabil.. darabilela, darabilelako, darabilenetik.. Baina pertsona morfemarik ez dagoenean, batez be hirugarren pertsona singularrean eta pluraleko –z-ren ostean, derrigorrezkoa da. -ke -dun ondorioko eta Euskalingua 2005,7,4-16 © Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea, 2005 4 2.2. -au diptongoa iragangaitzak: egon, joan, ibili... -au diptongoaren ostekoa be salbuespena izan da iragankorrak: ekarri, eroan... tradizinoan. Izenen eta abarren deklinabidean be topetan dogu salbuespen hau: gauean... 2. Literaturan dau.. dauela, (dabela sarri testuetan) nau.. nauela, nauelako 2.1. Lazarraga nazala 3. Erabilera klasikoaren kasu berezi batzuk: zala zatezela, zatezenean (zu hurrean) Izan zaozela (zu) gara.. gareala, gareanok... (garala be bai) dira.. direala, direanok... (dirala be bai) Lehen aldia joazela (= joiazala) Joan etozela (= etozala) [etozen] joan aditzaren kasua berezia da: eozela (= egozala) doa.. doala egiten dogu, baina testurik zaharrenetan doeala, doiala... eta holakoak daukaguz, eurotatik 2.2. Betolaza (Doctrina christiana) jatorku doa barik doia esatea (doie be sarri esaten dana). dala leitekean 4. -ke ondorioa eta ahalera jakazanak (= jakozanak) [jakaz] -ke ondorioan eta ahaleran be tradizinoan beti izan da -keala, -kean, baina gaur egun a-bako formak deuskuzanak erabilten dira bizkaiera idatzian be: dagoela neuke.. neukeala (tradizinoan), neukela zagozana (iragoko urteetan) estakianari (= ez dakianari) neike.. neikeala (tradizinoan), neikela (iragoko urteetan) dakiguzan litzateke.. litzatekeala (tradizinoan), litzatekela (iragoko urteetan) 2.3. Barrutia (Gabonetarako ikuskizuna) naizala, naizan Ohar moduan esango dogu aldaketea epentesian ez eztala, dala, dan eze lehenaldiko eta adizki alokutibo batzuetan be zarala, zaran ezkero gertetan dala neurri handi baten. Hau da, herri askotan lehenaldiko jakozan barik jakozen, jatazen, geunkazen; dirala hikako jakozana barik jakozena, dozana barik dozena eta abar esaten dira. Hau, halan da be, ez da hain zala fenomeno orokorra eta horrexegaitik itxiko dogu dabena (= dauena) eztabaidatik kanpo, ohartxu hau merezidu izan arren. daguala (= dagoela) doean (= doan) Literaturako eta herriko euskerako datuak konparauko doguz jarraian. Honetara ordenauko doguz adizkiak: 2.4. Pedro Antonio Añibarro (Esku-liburua) nor nasan, nasana nor-nori eztala nor-nork etzareala (zu) nor-nori-nork direala © Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea, 2005 5 dabela (= dauela) 2.7. Resurrección Mª Azkue (Bein da betiko) deustazala dan dagoela, dagoala direala datozala eztodan nabilela dauan (= hik doan) dabiltzazala eztaiala ezdakianik (= ez dakianik), dakian daizala nagoana 2.5. Juan Antonio Mogel (Peru Abarka) agoala (= hagoala), agoana nasan eztagoala, eztagola dan, dala etedabilzan garian ezkero diñoanak zarian (zu), zariala [zara] dirian [dira] 2.8. Felipe Arrese Beitia (Ama euskeriaren liburu kantaria) daben (= dauen) nazala dituban (= dituan) dala deutsazan dirala daguan (= dagoen) zirala doian (= doan) daben (= dauen) daukazan dagian (= daian) dakazan (= dakarzan) gagozala dakijala (= dakiala) dinuan (= dinoan) 2.9. Txomin Agirre (Kresala) 2.6. Frai Bartolome de Santa Teresa (Euskal- nazala, nazanean errijetako olgeeta ta dantzeen neurrizko- dalako gatz-ozpinduba) gareanean nasan, nasala etzareana (= ez zarana) dan direan, diran, dirala dirian, dirialako dotala zanian eztabenak (= ez dauenak), daben dabela (= dauela), daben dituan ditubanak ezteutsadala deutseezala ezteutsutanean daguanak dagoan duazanian gagozan dakijanak legokela dinuanez datozen darabilela doiazala daukazalata (= daukazala eta) © Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea, 2005 6 2.10. Jose Manuel Etxeita (Josetxo) 2.12. Lauaxeta (Arrats beran) nazala nazan azala zaran dala diran gareala, garela zala zareala, zarealako datteken direala dokan (= doan) zireanean [zirean] datorren litzatekeala dagon (= dagoen) leittekeala dodana 3. Herriko hizkeran Oharra: Parentesi artekoak orrialdea adierazoten dabela (= dauela ) dau. Zenbakirik ez badago nik neuk batuko datuak dira. nabela (= hak ni nauela) Bibliografian ikusi leiteke zein liburu erabili dan herri bakotxerako. dagoan zagozala 3.1. Abadiño dabillela nasena (135), nasen (140) darabiltzala (= hak darabilzala) dala (132), danik (133), dana (134), dan (136) diñoan gayen (141, 142), garien (141) [gaa, 144] diñoezan sayenik (zu, 134), sayena (134), sayen (141) [saa, 154] 2.11. Kirikiño (Abarrak) diela (133), dien (137) nazan doan (= dodan, 139), erosi otena (139) azala dabela (= dauela, 132), daben (139, 145), dauen dala (146) garean dabesan (= dituan, 150) eztirala, diranak saittun (= zaituan, 139) zanian deidxela (= daiala, 136) ziralako nauela (= nagoela, 145) litxakela dauenik (= dagoenik, 133), dauena (134) leikian (= leitekean) gausela (152) dodana, eztodan datorrenerako (145), datorren (146) dokan ezkero, eztaukuala (hik) satosena (zu, 135), satosenerako (145) daun lez (= dauen lez) datosenik (133) dozuzan dabillena (135) leukiana (= leukeana) doyela (152) [badoye, 153] dagola soyesela (zu, 152) dagozan dakidxen moruen (= dakian, 149) zatozala dabillan uanian (= hoanean) © Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea, 2005 7 3.2. Antzuola 3.7. Bakio dala (324), dan (324) dan (59), dana (57) dien (174) sana (284) sala (324) dauena (60, 61), deuenak (= duenak, 59), dauenak (59), deun (60) daben (= dauen, 324) nauela (= nagoela, 285) goiatzela (= goazela, 326) dauela (= dagoela, 74), dauen (= dagoen, 55, 74), daola (284) 3.3. Arrasate dabillen (= darabilen, 60) sienak (173) doana (57) dauen (= dagoen, 172) dekiesenari (= dauzkatenei, 60) goiesen (175, kontestuagaitik orain aldia nahi lehen aldia izan leite) 3.8. Barrika (Urduliz ingeru, berbak eta bizimodu) 3.4. Arrazola dala (73), dana (92) gayen [ga] diresenak (72), direnak (92), txarrikuma tirela (93) sayen [sa] sanen (72), sana (73) diñuen (= dinoan, dinon) dusenatan (= doguzanetan, 73) 3.5. Arrieta naula (= nagoela, 72) danari (37), danien (42), dala (46) 3.9. Basauri garela (50) nasen (217), nasenien (217) sala (44) etorte(n) ixin ddena (184), dala (186) dxatek (= jatak, 40), dxostek (= zidak, 40) garan (187), garien (219) deuena (= dauena, 35, 50), deuen (41) sarala (157) daon (= dagoen, 35), bautiseu bari tauena (37), dauenik (41), dauena (45, 48) sanien (216), sartu seneko (218) gausela (36) siela (185) datosenak (44) leittela (= leitela, leitekela, 188) dabixena pe (45) dodan (216) estekotesela (36), urtie tekosen (44) dekoan (124), dekoana (124), ein ddoana (124) daula (= dauela, 187), dauela (188), dauenien 3.6. Artea-Arratia (Gorbeia inguruko Etno- (216), dauen letxe (220) Ipuin eta Esaundak) naoenien (184), naola (217) estala (267), dan (267), dala (269), sein den (269) daoen (216) etzirealakoan (= ez ziralakoan, 269) [sirian 268, gaosen (217) sirean 270] saosen (186) laisen (= leizan, leitekezan, 269, 270) daosela (217) estauela (= ez dauela, 267), dauen (267), dauena (269) natorrela (217) daiela (= daiala, dezala, 267) datorrenien (217) daoen (= dagoen, 268) satosen (zu, 216) datosenien (184) © Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea, 2005 8 noala (217) 3.14. Bilbo doasen (184) 3.14.1.
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