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Desert Plants, Volume 23, Number 2 (December 2007)

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Desert Plants, Volume 23, Number 2 (December 2007) Desert Plants, Volume 23, Number 2 (December 2007) Item Type Article Authors Bezy, John; Hutchinson, Charles F.; Bahre, Conrad J. Publisher University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Desert Plants Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 26/09/2021 08:18:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555930 Volume 23, Number 2 December 2007 Desert Published by The University of Arizona for the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum Plants Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona John Bezy Charles F. Hutchinson Conrad J. Bahre BANWR, September 2007 (Cecil Schwalbe) 2 Desert Plants 2007 Desert Plants Volume 23, Number 2, December 2007 A journal devoted to broadening knowledge of plants Published by The University of Arizona for the indigenous or adapted to arid and sub-arid regions and Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum to encouraging the appreciation of these plants. 37615 E. Highway 60 Superior, Arizona 85273-5100 Margaret A. Norem, Editor Copyright 2007 2120 E. Allen Road The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of Tucson, Arizona 85719 The University of Arizona (520) 318-7046 [email protected] The Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum at Superior, Arizona is cooperatively managed by the Arizona State Parks Board, Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, Inc., and The University of Arizona. From the Edit01~ .. Several years ago a project was initiated This anthology is the result of the efforts of numerous between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Desert individuals. Particularly I would like to thank Bonnie Legume Program (DELEP, one of the research programs Swarbrick of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the Buenos of the Arboretum), on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Aires National Wildlife Refuge for supplying many Refuge (BANWR). In 1991 DELEP was contracted to grow photographs by Steve Hillebrand and George Jameson. and plant Acacia angustissima seedlings on the Refuge. This Additionally, I would like to express my gratitude to Cecil acacia known as the prairie acacia is a common shrub over Schwalbe who not only provided photos for his segment of much of the area formerly occupied by the masked bobwhite the manuscript but for other sections as well. Cecil flew over quail. Prairie acacia gradually releases its seeds from its pods the area in September 2007 and provided aerial photos for over several months in the fall and winter, ensuring a steady the issue. His enthusiasm was contagious and I wish I could availability of seeds. In Sonora, wild masked bobwhites have published all of his excellent photos. Other individuals have been observed to feed heavily on these seeds. Limited also provided photographs for this issue. I would like to thank feeding trials at the Buenos Aires Refuge early in this century Randy Babb, Matthew Johnson, James Rorabaugh, Earle suggest that this plant may be an important food source Robinson, Philip Rosen and Dennis Suhre. Finally, I would during the winter months. A. angustissima is native to the like to thank Conrad Bahre for spearheading this publication Refuge but occurs in only a few widely scattered populations. and providing funding. Conrad and I have worked together Planting sites were selected on the Refuge and 200 one-gallon several times on his previous submissions to Desert Plants. seedlings were transplanted in late August of 1991 by DELEP Our interaction was always long distance as he was working staff. Seedlings were caged and initial survival was good. The at UC Davis. Now that he has retired, he has relocated study objective was twofold: one, to reintroduce this native to Tucson. In addition to his determination to see this species to the Refuge and two, to provide a food source for publication through and his keen editing eye, I appreciated reintroduced masked bobwhite quail. The project did not and thoroughly enjoyed working with him in person and continue long term so the ultimate outcome of the plantings hearing about many of his life experiences. is not known. I mention this project to demonstrate that the Arboretum's Underwriters connection with the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge I. Ed Marshall goes back many years. When the opportunity to publish this anthology was presented, I willingly accepted the manuscript. Supporters Although this work is specific to a particular, relatively small I. Michael Baker area in Arizona, it represents the type of efforts that scientists 2. Lisa Huckell are collaborating on worldwide to save plant and animal 3. John Spence species and preserve unique locations. 4. Joe Wilkins Buenos Aires Refuge Bezy, Hutchinson, Bahre 3 Buenos Aires National were captured bobwhite or their progeny taken from the few remaining populations of wild bobwhite in north-central Wildlife Refuge, Arizona Sonora, Mexico. According to wildlife experts, the nearly complete extirpation John Bezy of masked bobwhite in its historic range in southern Arizona and north-central Sonora was the result of habitat loss P.O. Box 1541 brought about by livestock grazing and the consequences Oracle, AZ 85623 of overstocking (fire suppression, soil erosion and arroyo [email protected] cutting, mesquite increases, changes in plant cover and structure, and the elimination ofplants palatable to bobwhite). Hence, shortly after its establishment, the U.S. Fish and Charles F. Hutchinson Wildlife Service removed all of the cattle.on the Refuge and Office of Arid Lands Studies began restoring the desert grasslands through a program University of Arizona of prescribed burning. However, the reintroduction of the masked bobwhite and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra Tucson, AZ 85719 americana), another animal that had been extirpated in the [email protected] Altar Valley, remains a work in progress. Besides the masked bobwhite, the Refuge is home to seven Conrad J. Bahre other threatened, endangered or candidate species: Pima Department of Land, Air and Water Resources pineapple cactus (Coryphantha sheeri robustispina) (Figure University of California, Davis 3), Kearney's bluestar (Amsonia kearneyana) (Figures 4 and Davis, CA 95616 5), southwest willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) [email protected] (Figure 6), jaguar (Panthera onca) (Figure 7), Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis) (Page 38), and western INTRODUCTION yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus). The Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR) comprises 117,354 a. (47,493 ha) of former rangeland Although the Refuge offers a host of recreational in the Altar Valley of southern Arizona (Figure 1, pages opportunities, it is not well known to the public. In fact, 22-23). The vegetation is predominantly desert grassland, most written information about the Buenos Aires is limited with narrow ribbons of riparian vegetation along perennial to scientific journals, unpublished reports, and university streams, and marshy wetlands or cienegas near the town graduate theses that are not easily available to the public or of Arivaca. Patches of Madrean oak woodland are found most visitors to the Refuge. Above all, no comprehensive on the slopes of the surrounding mountains and at higher elevations. The Refuge was established in 1985 primarily Phoenix 110 w for the reintroduction and protection of the masked bobwhite 0 quail (Co linus virginianus ridgwayi). Another important 200km consideration was the restoration and preservation of one ARIZONA of the last remaining large expanses of desert grassland in NM southern Arizona. The Refuge is one of the largest desert grassland federal preserves in the Southwest and in spite of more than 100 years of livestock grazing still supports a unique and diverse blend of endemic wildlife. The masked bobwhite was extinct throughout southern Arizona, its northernmost historic range, by the end of the nineteenth century (Figure 2). Starting in the late 1930s numerous, mostly unsuccessful, attempts had been made to reintroduce the masked bobwhite in Arizona. Not until the 1970s, however, was the Buenos Aires Ranch identified as a major location where sufficient original habitat was available for reintroduction of the bird. Only a very small number of reintroduced masked bobwhites were found in the Altar Valley when the Refuge was established, and most of these Figure 2. Masked bobwhite quail distribution. 4 Desert Plants 2007 Figure 3. Pima pineapple cactus (Matthew Johnson) Figures 4 and 5. Kearney's bluestar (James Rorabaugh) Buenos Aires Refuge Bezy, Hutchinson, Bahre 5 Figure 6. Lesser long-nosed bat (Randy Babb) Figure 7. Jaguar (Randy Babb) 6 Desert Plants 2007 description of the Refuge had been written. The following pulverized rock zones along these faults and emerges on the anthology addresses this deficiency by bringing together a surface as springs. Exposure to the atmosphere and acidic collection of writings by prominent authorities on several groundwater have weathered and further weakened the aspects of the natural and cultural history of the Refuge. It is bedrock, preparing it for erosion by running water. written to appeal to both lay reader and scientist alike. This anthology treats ten key aspects of the natural and cultural In the southern Baboquivari Mountains, Jurassic granite, history of the Buenos Aires. Each topic was contributed by schist, phyllite and metamorphosed rhyolites and a different author(s). sedimentary rocks (conglomerate, siltstone, and shale) are intruded by later Tertiary-age (ca. 58 million YBP) granite. LANDFORMS AND GEOLOGY Baboquivari Peak, composed of hard, erosion-resistant John Bezy and Charles F. Hutchinson Jurassic-age granite, is the most distinctive mountain summit The Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge is located in the in the region (Figure 9). Below Baboquivari Peak, wall-like southern part of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province dikes (vertical intrusions of once-molten rock) run across of western North America and its landscape is dominated by the landscape for miles. low, north-south trending mountain ranges separated by a broad faulted basin. The Refuge extends from the western The Altar Valley is a structural basin formed by faulting.
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