June 1993 BULLETIN YOlJSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

dume 35 lmber 10

HAWAII AS YOU'VE NEVER EXPERIENCED IT (See announcement, page 7, and description, page 8) * * * HGS JOBS HOTLINE (713)785-9729 * * * IN THIS ISSUE... - - oil and gas ...... Page 12 - Llano Uplift - Pennsylvanian Strike-slip faulting ...... Page 20 - New Honorary "Lifers" ...... Page 28 - Distinguished Service Awardees ...... Page 29 - Geoscience registration for Texans? ...... Page 30 - Are you a new world thinker?...... Page 48 - New estimates for remaining U.S. resources...... Page 50 - Book reviews - Business of exploration ...... Page 54 AND MORE! See Centerfold for June Calendar, Geoevents, and Election Results. CAST* Borehole Imaging Pulsed Spectral Gamma Log Six Arm Dipmeter Log Thermal Multigate Decay Log High Resolution Induction Log Tracerscan* Log Rotary Sidewall Coring Production Logging Cement Evaluation Perforating Services

TEXAS CRUDE AN INDEPENDENT OIL & GAS COMPANY SINCE 1941

ANNOUNCING THE RELOCATION OF THE TEXAS CRUDE COMPANIES TO THE TEXAS CRUDE BUILDING AT 2803 BUFFALO SPEED WAY, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77098 P.O. BOX 56586, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77256-6586 TELEPHONE: 713-599-9900 ...... Peter J. Fluor, President & C.E.O. K. C. Weiner, Vice-president Doug 0'Brien, Exploration Manager A1 Curry, Operations Manager HOUSTON GEOLOGiCAL SOCIETY 7171 Harwin. Suite 31 4 Houston. Texas 77036-21 90 (713) 785-6402 Fax: (713) 785-0553 Office Hours: 7 a.m. .4 p.m. .EXECUTIVE BOARD . President ...... Patrick T . (Pat) Gordon. Consultant President-Elect ...... John M . Biancardi. Vicksburg Production Vice President ...... Dwight (Clint) Moore. Anadarko Petroleum Secretary ...... Jeannie Fisher Mallick. Excalibur Consulting Treasurer ...... Steve Brachman. Araxas Exploration Treasurer-Elect ...... Ann Ayers Martin. Tertiary Trend Exploration Editor ...... Susan M . van Gelder. Consultant Editor-Elect ...... Lynne Feldkamp. Emerald Tide Interests Executive Committeeman ('93) ...... William R. (Bill) Dupre'. University of Houston Executive Committeeman ('93) ...... Pinar Yilmaz. Exxon Production Research Executive Committeeman ('94) ...... Jeffrey W . (Jeff) Lund. Ashland Exploration Executive Committeeman ('94) ...... James A . (Jim) Ragsdale. Agip Petroleum .COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN . Academic Liaison ...... B . J . Doyle. Brittany Exploration Advertising ...... Bruce Falkenstein. Amoco Production Arrangements ...... Douglas B . (Doug) Selvius. IP Petroleum Awards ...... Daniel J . (Dan) Bonnet. Houston Energy & Development Ballot ...... Steven H . (Steve) Shirley. UNOCAL Computer Applications ...... Mark Hodson. Consultant Continuing Education ...... Frank Huber. BHP Petroleum (Americas) Inc . Directory ...... Nancy T . Benthien. Marathon Oil Entertainment ...... Martin J . Oldani. Apache Corp . Environmental and Engineering ...... Robert B . (Bob) Rieser. The Bourdeau Group Exhibits ...... Gerald A . Cooley. PetCons & Assoc . Explorer Scouts ...... E . Dan Helton. Natural Gas Pipeline Co . Field Trips ...... Paul W . Britt. Texplore. lnc. Finance ...... David A . Fontaine. Consultant Historical ...... David B . Shephard. Amoco International Explorationists ...... Thomas A . (Thom) Tucker. Marathon Oil Library ...... Evelyn Wilie Moody. Consultant Membership ...... Michael H . (Mike) Deming. Amoco Nominations ...... Cyrus (Cy) Strong. Consultant North American Explorationists ...... Charles E. (Chuck) Buzby IV. Amoco Office Management ...... Gerald A . Cooley. PetCons & Assoc . Personnel Placement ...... L. G. (Joe) Eubanks. Preston Oil Co . Poster Sessions ...... John Preston. Tourmaline Exploration Co . Publications . New ...... William A . Hill. ARC0 Oil & Gas Publication Sales ...... Thomas T . (Tom) Mather. Columbia Gas Public Relations ...... Deborah K . (Debra) Sacrey. Consultant Remembrances ...... Bill C. Burkman. Consultant Research ...... Phil Porter. Consultant Technical Programs ...... Dwight (Clint) Moore Anadarko Petroleum Transportation .SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES . GCAGS Representative ...... Patrick T . (Pat) Gordon. Consultant GCAGS Alternate ...... John M . Biancardi. Vicksburg Production Co . Advisor. Museum of Natural Science ...... Morgan J . Davis. Jr.. Consulting Geologist AAPG Delegate Foreman ...... Jeffrey W . (Jeff) Lund. Ashland Exploration AAPG-DPA Representative ...... Daniel L. (Dan) Smith. Texas Meridian Resources AAPG Group lnsura nce ...... Barbara Bremsteller Engineering Council of Houston Representative ...... Claudia P. Ludwig. Consultant .SCHOLARSHIP . Memorial Scholarship Board (Graduate) ...... Daniel L. (Dan) Smith. Texas Meridian Resources HGS Foundation (Undergraduate) ...... Hugh W . Hardy. Emeritus .HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL AUXILIARY . President ...... Mrs. Jim (Gwinn) Lewis President-Elect ...... Mrs. Jon (Joyce) Champeny First Vice President (Social) ...... Mrs. David (Lois) Matuszak Second Vice President (Membership) ...... Mrs . George (Shirley) Gordon Third Vice President (HGS Rep.) ...... Mrs. Martha Lou Broussard Secretary ...... Mrs. Andre (Ann) Bouttle Treasurer ...... Mrs. Leslie (Dianne) White Historian ...... Mrs. Robert (Geri) Pace Parliamentarian ...... Mrs-Theresa Baker GeoWives President ...... Ms . Susan McKinley (Mrs. Allan B . Scardina)

The BULLETIN HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY (ISSN 0018-6686) is published monthly except July and August by the Houston Geological Society. 7171 Harwin. Suite 314. Houston. Texas 77036 . Subscription to the BULLETIN HOUSTON GEOLOGICALSOCIETY is included in rnembershipdues (618.00 annually) . Subscription price for non-mernberswithin the contiguous U.S. is 625.00 per year and 646.00 per year for those outside the contiguous US. Single copy price is 63.00. Second-Class Postage paid at Houston. Texas . POSTMASTER: Send address changes to BULLETIN HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 7171 Harwin. Suite 314. Houston. TX 77036-2190. .. 1 Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 BULLETIN HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. 35, No. 10 June 1993

BULLETIN COMMITTEE CONTENTS EDITOR: Sue van Gelder, 466-3348 Consulting Geologist DEPARTMENTS EDITOR ELECT: Lynne D. Feldkamp, 497-0503 President's Comments ...... 5 Emerald Tide Interests ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Editor's Comments...... 6 Business of Geology Dwight (Clint) Moore, 874-8730 Society Meetings Anadarko Petroleum Editorial General: Evening Sandi M. Barber, 723-1480 "HGS Guest Night, "Hawaii: Born in Paradise", Consultant Donna Davis, 981-4345 IMAX, Houston Museum of Natural Science...... 8 Consultant Larry Levy, 432-0008 International Explorationists LSL Resources "Discovery of a Giant in a Mature Deltaic Province: John M. Turmelle, 583-2328 Oak Ridge Oil and Gas Peciko, Indonesia", Bernard Dubal ...... 10 Environmental Dean Ayres, 729-7157 Environmental/Engineering Geologists HlSD "Insights on Cancer and the Implications for Risk Assessment", Ben Thomas Events ...... 18 David C. Callaway, 268-2114 Aquila Energy International Explorationists ...... 10 Exploration Review Bill Eisenhardt, 774-6669 Feature - "Offshore Oil and Gas Fields in Consulting Geologist Azerbaijan: History and Description, Part I", Technical Articles Leonid A. Buryakovsky ...... 12 William H. Roberts, 465-2228 Hydrexco Company Jo Ann Locklin, 954-6262 Environmental/Engineering Geologists ...... 18 Texaco

Manuscripts, inquiries, or suggestionsshould be directed to Editor, c/o HGS Bulletin, 7171 Harwin, Suite 314,Houston, TX 77036. Deadline for copy is six weeks prior to publication. All copy must be typewritten and double-spaced on standard white paper. Line drawings and other PRICE SCHEDULE- RESERVATIONS POLICY illustrations must be photo-ready. If prepared on a word processor, please send a copy of the com- JUNE MEETINGS Reservations are made by calling the HGS office puter disc, preferably in either Pagemaker, Ven- (Non-members:add $2.00 to the meal price) (785-6402).At the meeting, names are checked against tura or ASCII format, along with a hard copy of See Meetings abstracts for times. the reservation list. Those with reservations w~llbe sold tickets immediately. Those without reservations will the text. 11 Photographs submitted for publication are HGS Evening Meeting, June be asked to wait for available seats, and a $5 welcome, but cannot be returned. Houston Museum of Natural surcharge will be added to the price of the ticket. All Science ...... $25.00 who do not honor their reservations will be billed for the price of the meal. If a reservation cannot be HGS International Explorationists kept, please cancel or send someone in your place. Dinner Meeting, June 21 ADVERTISING Post Oak Doubletree Inn ...... $21.00 COMMITTEE The Houston Geological Society office is located at 7171 Harwin, Suite 314, Houston, Please call 785-6402 Texas 77036. The telephone number is (713) for information about advertising. 785-6402; FAX (7 13) 785-0553.

Bulletin Houston Geological Sociefy. June 1993 Contents Continued North American Explorationists Feature -"-"MiddlePennsylvanian Strike-Slip Faulting in the Uano Uplift, Central Texas," D. L. Amsburyand W. T. Haenggi .20

Committee News...... 24

Honorary Life Awards...... 28

Distinguished Service Awards...... ; . .'...... 29

Calendar and Geo-Events, Dave Callaway...... 34

Houston Geological Auxiliary...... 40

Business of Geology - "New World" HGS presentation, John A. Masters...... 48

Government Affairs - "Oil and Gas for the 21st Century," Marcus E. Milling...... 50

Exploration Activity Review, Bill Eisenhardt...... 52

Book Reviews...... 54

COVERPHOTO: The Silversword lives for a decade on the upper reaches of Haleakala Crater, blooms once, and then dies. It relies heavily on insects for pollination. The survival of one of its primary pollinators, the native ground nesting bee, is being challenged by the voracious Argentine ant, an insect only recently introduced to the islands. The story of the magnifiCent Silversword of Haleakala Crater is featured in the IMAX film, HAWAII: BORN IN PARADISE, to be shown at HGS Guest Night, June 11. -

THE 1992-93BULLETIN COMMITTEE: First Row, L-R: Sandi Barber, Sue van Gelder (Editor), Dean Ayres, and Lynne Feldkamp (Editor-Elect). Second Row, L-R:Dave Callaway, John Turmelle, BillRoberts, Nelson Steenland, and Bill Eisenhardt. Absent: Clint Moore, Donna Davis, JoAnn Locklin, and Larry Levy.

3 Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993

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and South Texas prospects. Close in, low to moderate risk. Open acreage or ready to drill. Contact John W. Doughtie (713) 650-8646 1200 Travis Ste. 715 Houston, TX 77002

I

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I Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 PRESIDENT'S COMMENTS

It has been one of the greatest pleasures of my life to be the President of the Houston Geological Society this past year. You are a great bunch of people. Even when we had an occasional minor problem this year, everyone was very polite and considerate. Thank you all for being so nice to me. I look forward to seeing many of you at the annual Guest Night coming up this month at the Museum of Natural Science. Our Program and Arrangements Committees have done the usual outstanding job lining up the IMAX film "Hawaii: Born in Paradise" for your viewing entertainment and fajitas from Pappasito's for your eating enjoyment. I hope you all voted for the HGS Board candidate of your choice in May. Thank you Steve Shirley and the rest of the Ballot Committee for counting the votes. We have a fine slate of people, all of whom willbe able to do their share to help President-Elect John Biancardi run the show next year. A special thank- you to those officers, board members, and committee chairmen who are finishing their term this month. It has been a pleasure to get to know people on the various committees this year, and I have tried to acknowledge the fine work they are doing for the Society in this column. I would appreciate each of you thanking them if you get a chance (and volunteering to help too!). A few who have not been mentioned follow. The Exhibits Committee (Jerry Cooley, Chairman) puts on our Show & Tell at the annual GCAGS, AAPG, and OTC conventions each year. The Historical Committee (Dave Shephard) gathers summaries of all the other committee activities and sees that they are put into our directory and archives. The Library Committee (Evelyn Moody) has coordinated efforts of the Houston Public Library to catalog, and make available to the public, various sets of donated electric and sample logs. The Awards Committee (Dan Bonnet) over'sees selecting types of awards and choosing awardees such as outstanding students, outstanding HGS speakers, and many regional & national awardees. Public Relations (Debra Sacrey) tries to get us more into the public eye through newspaper announcements, etc. Her group is also ready. to get out a new '" brochure about the Society. Remembrances (BillBurkman) has in some ways the hardest job of all, searching out death notices and then calling on the families of our deceased members to give condolences. We thank you especially, Bill. I hope that a few years from now, I am able to say I was president during one of the worst busts in the history of the oil patch. But I am very optimistic about the future of the oil and gas business. Because I sincerely believe that the rig count willstart turning to the right for good this summer. Some of the leading technical journals, are predicting an upswing, gas prices are high, oil prices have stablized, and varous groups such as the Gas Research Institute say that lots of gas is left to be found in the Lower 48. Back in '81, I predicted in a published article that a conservative estimate of remaining future reserves to be found in the Upper Texas Gulf Coast was near 5 TCF. Since then the downdip Yegua has boomed and probably at least a TCF has been found. Over in South Louisiana, the Oligocene Miogyp-Bol. mex trends have probably found at least a TCF. Is that all there is? I did not think so then and I still don't. There's still plenty left to be found and developed. Again I thank you all for making this a very pleasant year. Wish I could have gotten to know more of you a little better. Maybe I'll run into you on my next log run when we bring in the next big one.... 4//~ Pat Gordon L 5 Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 . EDITOR'S COMMENTS NEED 0.C.S WELL DATA?

What a realization - this is my last Bulletin! After several years of high-level involvement with the Bulletin Committee, I am more than ready to hand the red pen over to our dynamo of an Editor-Elect, Lynne Feldkamp. Thank you, Lynne, for stepping forward mid-year to fill the vacancy left by Feather Wilson (who needed to devote his full time to his booming consulting practice) and for your brilliant move in recruiting John Turmelle to be the next Editor-Elect! Please turn to page 2 for a moment and look over the names on the left-hand side of the page. These are the people you and I have to thank for putting the Bulletin together each month. I'm sure they'd appreciate an "attaboy" or "attagirl" the next time you see them. I'd especially like to acknowledge Bill Eisenhardt for continuing to favor us with the "Exploration Activity Review"; Dave Callaway, who did his best to keep up with changing dates, speakers and venues for the Calendar and Geoevents section; and Nelson Steenland and Bill Roberts, who provided valued technical input, stirred up controversy, and Call LEXCO today to find out were good sports when I decided to print a thing or two despite their objections. how your P.C. can get well Our outgoing (in more ways than one) Advertising informaton for any Block in the Committee Chair, Bruce Falkenstein, did a fabulous job of Gulf Of Mexico without online keeping our committee from having to worry about how we were going to pay for the Bulletin. Clint Moore was so charges. generous about sending in thought-provoking business- Ph. 713-370-4313 related articles that we added his name to the masthead. Thanks go to all the authors who submitted original material, committee chairs, and those who contributed by granting us permission to reprint their articles ...which brings me to my next topic: content. We've had a tough of a time this year trying to find a variety of interesting things to publish! Some of this I attribute to the decimation of our industry, but how is it that in the largest local geological society in the world, we have to reprint computer articles from West Texas Geological Society, Gulf Coast papers from GCAGS, etc.? Fortunately, Lynne has some excellent industry and academic contacts, so expect to see some meaty articles in the fall. What do you want to see in the Bulletin? Lynne has added a brief questionnaire to your dues statement and one appears on p. 63 of this Bulletin. Please respond. The main type of feedback I've received has been about typos and date errors. If you can't stand the above, please join the Bulletin Committee. We need all the good eyes we can get. Want more technical articles? Write them; Have a problem? Write the Editor. This is your Bulletin, and you, the members of HGS, have a right to direct its course! A final and special thank-you must go to the exceptional staff at Four Star Printing Co. They have been typesetting, printing and mailing the Bulletin for twelve years. Martha CONTACT : DENNIS FERSTLER Maxey and June Gibson have worked slavishly to ensure 1934 HOUSTON NATURAL GAS BLDC. that the Bulletin makes it to your mailbox on time each 1 200 TRA VlS month. Couldn't have done it without you, ladies! HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 As for me, I look forward to serving you on the HGS Executive Committee!. ALSO PURCHASING PRODUCING PROPERTIES Sue van Gelder Editor

Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 HGS GUEST NIGHT FRIDAY, JUNE 11, 1993 at THE HOUSTON MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE and THE WORTHAM IMAX THEATRE

featuring From the Makers of the Hit Film "Grand Canyon" An Exclusive* HGS Showing of the Spectacular NEW MAX Film "HAWAII: BORN IN PARADISE"

Mexican Fajita Buffet Dinner Catered by Pappasito's "tentatk Food md Caterr 3.kcthm $25.00 PER PERSON

SPONSORED IN PART BY

7-T Petroleum Corporation

COO-7:OOpm Mumoum Doorm Open, Soclal 6 Browmlng Hour wlth Camh Bar. Bo Sure to So. tho Oom. Mtnorsl. and SoamhoH Colloctlonml 7:OO-8:OOpm Dlnlng In Mumoum on Wo Lovolm &IS-8:45pm Awmrdm Promontatlonm In M~~seum WOO-10:OOpm "HmwaH: Born In Psradime" in WAX Theatre

Remorvatlonm and Payment Requlred by MalHn~Check to: HGS Guemt Nlght Event. 7171 Harwin, Sulte 314. Houston, Texam 77036. Call HGS at 785-6402 to conflrm recelpt of your check. Send Your Check Soon , Only 400 Seatm Available. R.hnd.MdBkIku*pl1fi1893 RESEFNEmSPkCEEARY,SHCEWE'VESOU)OVTEkCH~yEAR. NO SALES AT DOOR1 ADMITTANCE BY NAME TAG ONLY1

Thm Houmton Museum of Natural Sclence la located in Hermann Park across from Mlller Theatre at One Hormann Clrcle.

REGISTRATION FORM FOR HGS GUEST NIGHT EVENT Enclose check payable to HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. MA-: COMPANY: - - WORK PHOM: GUEST NAME: --

7 Bullet~nHouston Geolog~calSociety. June 1993 MEETING HGS 1993 GUEST NIGHT- FRIDAY, JUNE 11,1993 Wortham IMAX Theatre & Houston Museum of Natural Science Social 6:00 p.m., Dinner 7:00 p.m. A new spectacular IMAX film "Hawaii: Born in Para- newsletter of The Houston Museum of Naturalscience, and dise" will be our featured entertainment for Guest Night this "Hawaii" Born in Paradise".) year. It will fill your eyes and ears with the wondrous sights and sounds of Hawaii, showing the island's creation and NOTE: HGS GUEST NIGHT splashing the GIANT screen with the color, beauty, and WILL BE SOLD OUT! music of this unique place on earth. This "eye-wondrous7' IMAX film will take you 4,000 feet BELOW the ocean Be sure to arrive at the museum in plenty of time to see surface in a deep-sea submersible to experience the spell- the spectacular new Frensley Hall of the Serengeti, only binding birth of Hawaii's newest island - "Loihi", which has recently opened to the public. Of course, you won't want to already grown more than 13,000feet above the ocean floor. miss the magnificent gem and mineral collection in the Emerge from the depths to witness the dramatic formation Cullen Gallery of Earth Science as well as the beautiful of the island's fiery volcanic eruptions and rivers of molten collection of seashells in the Strake Hall of Malacology. lava as they convulse forth above the sea's surface. The Museum doors will open at 6:00 p.m., so please enter brilliant IMAX camera eye will focus on Hawaii's famous through the Cullen Grand Entry Hall where you and your beaches, formed by the relentless pounding of the ocean guest(s) may pick up your preprinted name tags. Cash bars against the island's volcanic rock, and the ocean's eternal will be available on both levels as will the Pappasito's Buffets, battle with the living coral that grows around the islands and which will start serving dinner after 7:00 p.m. All forty dinner ~rotectsthem from the relentless sea. tables will be located in the main museum hall divided Award-winning Director Robert Hillman spoke almost equally between both levels. Free parking is provided in reverently of the dynamic beauty he sought to convey. "I spaces around the Museum and along Herman Park Circle, was excited to use this large screen format to take people on there is a $1.00 fee in the new Museum garage. If you cannot a journey to Hawaii that few people will ever be able to attend, substitutions or refunds may be possible if we sell experience. There are places too dangerous, too inaccess- out, so call Margaret at the HGSoffice (785-6402). Don't be ible, and some too fragile to be visited by many people, and a no-show! There will be a waiting list for cancellations so yet I wanted to find a way to take them there without harm other people can attend if you are unable to do so. Please to themselves or the environment. The IMAX experience is think of your fellow members and call Margaret if your plans as close as you can come to feeling like you are there, change. enveloped in the sensual wonder of the place. It seemed worth the risk to take our oversized IMAX cameras 4000 SPECIAL THANKS AGAIN TO feet beneath the ocean crammed with the dotand camera- ANADARKO PETROLEUM CORPORATION man into a seven-foot diameter research sub to witness the FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO birth of "Loihi", Hawaii's next island. It was worth the risk to HGS GUEST NIGHT 1993 climb the world's highest active volcano to be closer than anyone to film the red hot flowing lava in order to complete the sensation of being present at the creation of the first Hawaiian island. These are not adventures merelv for the record books or to thrill an audience. I took those risks because I wanted the company of several very special Hawaiians who live these adventures every day, whose lives ERRATUM: inspired me." In short, Hillman's "Hawaii: Born in Paradise" will carry you to this magical and wondrous place and leave you spellbound and thrilled by its majesty ....yearning to A portion of the reference list from Jack Land's article, return to this special place when the film is finished. "Some Basic Similarities and Differences of Micromagnetics The IMAX film and projection system is "the cinema of and Conventional Magnetic Surveys", published in the May the future" because the size, scope and quality surpass 1993Bulletin, was printed incorrectly. The corrected entries conventional cinemagraphic methods. The IMAX super follow: 70mm film projection system focuses on a giant screen 80 Land, J. P., 1989, The micromagnetic method: in Advanced feet wide and six stories high, - more than twice the size of a normal movie screen. Surface Exploration, a short course, Society of Inde- pendent Professional Earth Scientist, Houston, .... In addition, IMAX sound has a six-track wrap- around stereo system featuring four screen channels and November. two surround channels. The sound of a rocket blast-off Land, J. P., 1991, A comparison of micromagnetic and becomes extremely realistic as the intense sound tapers off surface geochemical survey results: The Association of when the rocket soars upward. Petroleum Geochemical Explorationists Bulletin v 7, (Reprinted with permission from Museum News, n. 1.

Bullettn Houston Geological Society. June 1993 9 Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 l INTERNA TIONAL EXPLORA TIONISTS

HGS INTERNATIONAL GROUP The paper describes the various favorable conditions DINNER MEETING-JUNE 21, 1993 that converged to make such an accumulation possible: Post Oak Doubletree Inn proximity to the main kitchen of the basin, prominent Social hour, 5:30 p.m., Dinner, 6:30 p.m. structural nose and updip permeability barrier. But, in Technical Presentation, 7:30 p.m. addition to these factors, the exceptional hydrocarbon column is due to' hydrodynamic conditions created in BERNARD C. DUVAL-Biographical Sketch relation to overpressured shales located both below and Bernard C. Duval is a laterally adjacent to the reservoirs. graduateof EcolePolytech- The economic importance of a discovery of this nique, Paris and Ecole magnitude is underlined by the proximity of an LNG plant to Nationale Superieure du allowing the product to be marketed promptly. Petrole. He also attended This case history clearly illustrates the considerable the Stanford Graduate addedvalue brought to the knowledge of a mature area by School of Business. multidisciplinaryteam focusing the effort, during a limited His overseas assign- period of time, on reinterpreting a large amount of "old" 'ments included Libya with data witha "new" eye. TOT AL, Venezuela with the Institut Francais du Petrole, and Canada where INTERNATIONAL EXPI:.°RATIONISTS he was Vice President, Ex- COMMITTEE MEMBERS 1992-1993 ploration& Production for Chairperson: Total's operations in North Thorn Tucker, Marathon Oil...... 629-6600 America. Technical Program: He also served as Executive Vice President of the Lyle Baie, New Ventures-SETSCO ...... 777-1222 miningbranch of the Company and became in 1986Senior Vice President Explorationof TOTAL,in charge of explo- Hotel Arrangements: ration worldwide. He lectures on petroleum systems and Harold Davis, exploration strategy at the Ecole NationaleSuperieure du Anadarko...... 874-8785 Petrole. A/V Arrangements: Shah Alam, Consultant with CGG 784-0740 DISCOVERY OF A GIANT IN A MATURE Finances & Tickets: DELTAIC PROVINCE: PECIKO, INDONESIA Ed Loomis, Amoco Egypt...... 556-3079 The Mahakam Delta area has been explored for over a Announcements and Company Representative contacts: century. The activities in the offshore part of the basin only Wynn Gajkowski, Total Minatome ...... 739-3034 developed since the 70's, with the major discoveries of the Directory: Attaka, Bekapai and Handil oil fields and the Badak and Herb Duey, Consultant...... 531-0950 Tunu gas and condensate fields. In conjunction with these Please contact your company representative or discoveries, a high degree of exploration maturity was soon call HGS for ticket reservations at 785-6402. reached in the province and practically all identified structures were drilled. A special effort of synthesis was undertaken by TOTAL in 1987 to establish a comprehensive inventory of all possible remaining prospects. All available data such as seismic, well logs and production history, were studied again and reinterpreted, using the most modern methodo- logies, e.g. sequence stratigraphy, geochemical modeling, MARK R. ETHEREDGE etc. CONSULTING GEOLOGIST At the end of the study, which was carried out over a U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL three-year period by a group of senior geoscientists, an aggressive drilling program was star'ted, which led to several medium-sized discoveries in the most distal part of the delta, where reservoirs previously had been considered to be absent. But the most spectacular result was the discovery of 13105 NORTHWEST FRWY.. SUITE 760 Peciko, a giant, stratigraphically. trapped accumulation HOUSTON, TEXAS 77040 OFF (713) 939-8243 containing at least 5 TCF of wet gas.

Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 10 "Support those who support our Society."

A A1 A AA Far East AAAAd INTcRI\

FAR EAST RUSSIA (in co-operation with VOSTOKGEOLOGIA)

Khabarovsk: 4,965kms of seismic data and digital shotpoint base maps 16 composite well logs (9 available in LIS format) lnterpretation Report and Data Catalogue

Now Available Sea of Okhotsk

Kamchatka: 18,648kms of seismic data and digital shotpoint base maps 51 composite well logs (20 available in LIS format) lnterpretation Report and Data Catalogue Now Available

Sakhalin: SAKHA-YAKUTIA For further information contact:: Final data package will include: (in co-operation with Malachy MulhalV YAKUSTGEOFISIKA) Philippe Simon 14,325kms of seismic data Ten exploration regions INTERA Information Digital shotpoint maps 195,000kms of seismic data Technologies Limited Highlands Farm, 222 wells Digital shotpoint base maps. Greys Road, 1000t wells Henley-on-Thames, Interpretation Report & Data Oxfordshire, RG9 4PS Catalogue Region Data package (8000kms & 80 key wells) Tel: (0491) 575989 Data preparation ongoing Fax: (0491) 576557 Available Mid 1993 F

I 11 Bullet~nHouston Geological Soc~ety.June 1993 INTERNATIONAL FEATURE

OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN AZERBAIJAN: HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION, PART I* by Prof. Leonid A. Buryakovsky Independent Petroleum Geologist Houston, Texas Abstract area. About 150 prospective structures have been dis- The geological structure, and oil and gas content of the covered, however the total number may be up to 350. More Caspian Sea in the limits of the Azerbaijan Republic borders than 45% of total Caspian Sea area has water depths less are described, including a Caspian Sea overview, geotectonic than 50 m, and about 10% has water depths from 50 to 100 features, oil and gas zonation, history of oil and gas fields m. About two-thirds of the sea is shallower than 200 m. discovery, geological; structure of fields, and reservoir The basin is a part of the eastern portion of the Pre- development. Tethys Sea which began to develop in Early Paleogene Introduction during the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic movements. The One of the characteristics of modern development of Caspian Sea area includes three major geotectonic ele- the world oil and gas industry is the increasing role of marine ments: Pre-Caspian region of the Russian Platform in the oil and gas production. At present one hundred countries north, Scythian-Turonian Epi-Hercynian Platform in the survey the sea and ocean shelf, and almost forty countries are already producing oil and gas from offshore fields. More than 400 offshore oil and gas fields are in development. Development of continental shelf oil and gas resources is one of the most important directions in developing our remaining petroleum resources. The States (Republics) of the CIS have enormous offshore oil and gas potential. The continental shelves of the Caspian, Azov, Black, Barents, Kara, Pechora, Okhotsk, and other seas are the most promising areas for discovery, exploration and development of oil and gas fields. Among them, the Caspian Sea is one of the most interesting oil- and gas-bearing regions. A knowledge of geological structure and oil and gas content of the Caspian Sea is of more than local interest. This knowledge may be useful to American petroleum geologists because of many geological (structural) similarities of the Caspian Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Caspian Sea overview The Caspian Sea is a highly promising oil- and gas- bearing region because oil and gas provinces situated on the land of Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Iran extend into the Caspian Sea area (Fig. 1). The Caspian Sea is the world's largest salt lake. Its length from north to south is 1174 km, average width 326 km, and total area is 375,000 km2. The water depth in the central part of the sea reaches up to 788 m and that in the southern part, up to 1025 m. It has no outlet, and although the surface level fluctuates, it averages about 25 m below sea level according to the recent measurements. The total area of the Soviet portion of the Caspian Sea is 322,000 km2, including the shelf zone. A general overview of the hydrocarbon potential of the Caspian Sea area shows that a region without hydrocarbon prospectivity can hardly be found in this vast I IRAN I *To be continued in the September '93 Bulletin Fig. 1. Caspian Sea area.

Bullet~nHouston Geological Society, June 1993 12 middle portion of the sea, and Alpine Geosyncline zone in At present, exploration is conducted in the offshore the south. Three distinct sub-basins (northern, middle and areas of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and southern) are related to these maior structural elements. Russian parts of the Caspian Sea. The main goal of deep The'southern basin has a high density of confirmed exploratory drilling in the Azerbaijani and Turkmenian parts structures, whereas the middle and northern basins have of the Caspian Sea (Apsheron and archipelagoes, not been well studied (Fig. 2). Hydrocarbon reserves have eastern part of Apsheron-Pre-Balkhan zone of uplifts and been discovered and developed in the areas with water South Turkmenistan Shelf) is to discover new oil and gas depths up to 60 m, and five oil and gas fields have been fields and to delineate those already discovered in the discovered in water depths up to 200 m. Hydrocarbon Productive Unit section (Middle Pliocene). In the Kazakh potential from 33 oil and gas fields is estimated at 10 billion and Russian parts of the sea the goal is to study the oil and tons. Thirty-one of the fields are in the South Caspian Basin, gas content of Mesozoic deposits. 23 in Azerbaijan, and eight in Turkmenistan. Two are in Geologists and geophysicists have identified more than Kazakhstan to the north. four anticlinal structures within the western part of the South Caspian Basin, most of which are prospective for oil and gas. Banka Darvina, Artyom Island, Gyurgyany-more, Zhiloy Island, Banka Yuzhnaya, Gryazevaya Sopka, Neftyaniye Kamni, Guneshli, Azeri, Peschany-more, Bak- har, Sangachaly-more, Duvanny-more, , Bulla- more, and other oil and gas fields are in operation. The largest of these fields are Neftyaniye Kamni, Bakhar, Sangachaly-more, Duvanny-more, Bulla Island, and Bulla- more. Over 10 are being explored in detail. Intensive offshore development in Azerbaijan began in 1949. Since then, 23 fields have produced 12 mln. tons of oil and condensate, and 11 billion m3 of gas, about half of their recoverable reserves. All fields are multipay with 3 to 30 producing horizons in Middle Pliocene sandstones and siltstones. More than 3000 wells have been drilled from over 1000 platforms. In the Caspian Sea production wells are drilled out from individual platforms. Until recently, platforms were built for 40 m sea depths; at present platforms are being installed at depths of 110 m and more. Floating drilling rigs are used for exploration. Eight such rigs are now in operation, five of which are self-lifting and can operate in 70 m of water and drill wells to 6500m. Three semi-submersible drilling rigs are in operation on the Guneshli and Kaverochkin structures in 165 m of water. At present, prospect drilling in the Caspian Sea is carried out at depths of 200 m. The deepest well drilled is 6500 m. The South Caspian Basin is characterized by deep water on the west and shallow water on the east. It is separated from the Middle Caspian Basin by the Caucasus- Kopet-Dagh Fault. A ridge of uplifts, the Apsheron-Pre- Balkhan zone, extending NW-SE between the Apsheron and Cheleken peninsulas, forms a narrow subsea topo- graphic high. All major fields in the area are related to this regional feature. There are three oil- and gas-bearing zones in the South Caspian Basin that belong to Azerbaijan: I - the Apsheron-Archipelago and Apsheron-Pre-Balkhan zone of uplifts, I1 - the South Apsheron offshorezone, and I11 - the zone. Two other zones in the South Caspian Basin are IV - Turkmenian Shelf and V - the deep- sea zone (Figs. 2 and 3).

Zone I: Apsheron Archipelago and Threshold Fig. 2. Oil and gas distribution in Caspian Sea area: The main oil- and gas-bearing series of the Apsheron 1 - highly favorable areas; 2 - areas favorable for oil and gas; Archipelago and Apsheron-Pre-Balkhan zone of uplifts (the 3 - discovered local structures; 4 - oil and gas fields; so-called Apsheron Threshold) is the Productive Unit 5 - southern limit of salt domes; 6 - boundary between Pre- (Middle Pliocene). It includes about 90% of the discovered paleozoic Russian Platform and Epihercynidic Scythian- hydrocarbon reserves of the Caspian Sea. Upper Miocene Turanian Platform: 7 - southern limit of Epihercynidic Plat- diatomaceous layers are exposed in the core of the most form; 8 - Alpine mountain systems. significant uplifts of the Apsheron Archipelago: Zhiloy Island

Bulletin Houston Geolog~cslSaciety. June 1993 Fig. 3. Zonation of the South Caspian Basin and disposition of oil and gas fields and local structures: Zones: I - Apsheron Archipelago and Threshold; I1 - South Apsheron offshore zone; 111 - Baku Archipelago; IV - Turkmenian Shelf; V - the deep-sea zone Oil and gas fields: 1 - Banka Apsheronskaya, 2 - Banka Darvina, 3 - Artyoma Island (North), 4 - Artyoma Island (South), 5 - Gyurgyany-more, 6 Banka Yuzhnaya, 7 - Kamni Grigorenko, 8 - Zhiloi Island, 9 - Azi Aslanova, 10 - Gryazevaya Sopka, 11 - Neftyaniye Kamni, 12 - Guneshli, 13 - Kaverochkin, 14 - Azeri, 15 - Promezhutochnaya, 16 - Livanova-West, 17 - Livanova-Center, 18 - Livanova-East, 19 - Barinova, 20 - Gubkina, 21 - LAM, 22 - Zhdanova, 23 - Prichelekenskoye, 24 - Zyrya, 25 - Peschany-more, 26 Bakhar, 27 - Bibiebat, 28 - Karadag, 29 - Sangachaly-more, 30 - Duvanny-more, 31 - Bulla Island, 32 - Bulla-more, 33 - Khamamdag-more, 34 - Garasu. and Neftyaniye Kamni. The Banka Apsheronskaya, Artyom The Neftyaniye Kamni Oil Field Island, Zhiloy Island, Gryazevaya Sopka, Neftyaniye Kamni, Location and history. The field is situated in the Guneshli (previously named after the 28th of April), and western part of the Apsheron Threshold (Fig. 3), which is a Azeri uplifts are complicated by mud volcanoes. connecting link between the southeastern end of the According to the presence and degree of oil and gas Greater Caucasus and Pri-Balkhan zone of uplifts in western fields, the Apsheron threshold is divided into western and Turkmenistan. The Apsheron Threshold is the tectonic eastern parts (Fig. 3) which are delineated along the edge of element that constitutes the northern part of the South the eastern limb of the Promezhutochnaya Fold. The Caspian Basin, it is one of the most explored and promising northernmost structural element of this complicated zones of the Caspian Sea. tectonic zone is an anticlinal zone, which includes the The Neftyaniye Kamni Oil Field is the eastern most following uplifts: the Kamni Dva Brata (Two Brothers' above-water projection of the submerged ridge of the Rocks), Banka Apsheronskaya, Banka Andriyevskogo, Apsheron Threshold and is situated 55 km southeast of Shapirovsky uplifts and the "40th Anniversary of Azerbaijan Artyom, 110 km east of Baku (Fig. 4). Uplift." Another structural belt parallel to the first stretches Neftyaniye Kamni is located in open sea with depths of to the southwest and includes the Kamni Grigorenko, 15-25 m. The sea floor is composed of sandy-clayey rocks, Zhiloy Island, Grayazevaya Sopka, Neftyaniye Kamni, among which compact sandstones occur. Detrital deposits Guneshli, Azeri and Promezhutochnaya uplifts. consist of sand and shells. The character of the bottom relief Among these fields, the history of Neftyaniye Kamni depends directly on the structure and lithology of the reflects pioneering in the development of offshore oil and bedrock. Outcrops of the Productive Unit, appearing above gas fields. Exploration in the area of Neftyaniye Kamni and sea level, are spread over an area of more than 12 km2; the ensuing development marked the beginning of operation length of the strip is about 6-7 km, its width is 2-3km. Some from offshore man-made structures. outcrops emerge above water level at 2-3 m, and others are

Bullelln Houston Geological Society. June 1993 14 Fig. 4. Location offshore of the Neftyaniye Kamni Oil Field. seen only in rough waters. All of these projections extend The second well in the area of the Neftyaniye Kamni from the northwest to the southeast bordering the anticlinal was constructed on a large block foundation of''MOSm type crest. The exposed sandy horizons continuously transmit designed by A. A. Mezhlumov, S. A. Orudzhev and Yu. A. oil and gas to the sea surface. This manifestation is so Safarov in 1949. A young toolpusher, K. A. Abasov, was intense that in calm weather the water surface is covered by charged with drilling this well. an oil film, and gas bubbles "boil" to the surface. Wind and Commercial quantities of oil necessitated the creation rough sea carry oil onto the sandstone outcrops, the surface of a comprehensive material and technical support network of which is covered by an oil film. Because of this oil staining that would allow the insistent assault of sea depths. With of the rocks emerging above the water level, this area is this goal in mind, seven old ships were moved to the called Neftyaniye Kamni - Oil Stones. inhospitable and dangerous Black Rocks (Oil Stones). The The earliest geologic description Neftyaniye Kamni as ships were placed in semicircle and sunk on a shoal. The "a small archipelago of underwater stones and rocks" has artificial island thus formed was romantically called "The been found in the publications of the well-known researcher Island of Seven Ships". Mechanical workshops, a store- of the Caucasus, academician G. V. Abikh, who in 1863 house and an office were placed on the ships' decks and the gave a detailed geomorphological description of the cabins were used as living quarters. It was decided to Neftyaniye Kamni area. He also pointed out hydrocarbon connect the outcrops with each other by trestles and to gas and oil shows. form an artificial island in the open sea. The following long- Descriptions of tectonics and stratigraphy of the term practice of offshore field development in extensively Neftyaniye Kamni area were presented by G.Sogren (1892) difficult hydrometeorological conditions proved the cor- and N. A. Lebedev (1902). Some years later, the geological rectness of the trestle method for development in water structure of the area was reconsidered by S. A. Kovalevsky depths of 10-40 m. On February 18, 1951, the first tanker (1926), S. M. Apresov (1933) and M. F. Mirchink (1939). In filled with produced oil left the moorage of new town in the 1945-1949 the Azerbaijan Oil Expedition of the Academy of open sea. Sciences of the USSR, under the guidance of A. K. Aliyev, Nowadays the initial of Soviet offshore oil field investigated the Neftyaniye Kamni area. As the result the development is a complex of hydrotechnical structures preliminary geological map of the area was compiled and the spreading over 200 km. All conditions necessary for work exploration plan for the region was worked out. and recreation have been created for the offshore oilmen. Exploration was begun in the Neftyaniye Kamni area in There one can see the dwelling settlement, Palace of August 1949. The first oil influx of 100 tons (- 550 bbl per Culture, shops, hospital, cinema, etc. Power supply for the day) was was obtained in November from the first well field facilities and the town is provided by an autonomous completed in the Productive Unit on a 5 mm choke, under a power station built on the platform area. At present, five wellhead pressure of 70 atm. The rate of exploration drilling story hotel-like dwellings, a swimming pool, a compressor increased; it was ascertained that the whole sequence of the station, etc., have been built on "The Island of Seven Ships". Productive Unit contains commercial oil and gas accumu- lations. Geology. Since the beginning of exploration, more The first well was rigged up in a short period of time on than 1000 exploratory, producing and injection wells have the largest outcrop. Also, a small house with radio station, been drilled in the region of Neftyaniye Kamni, which providing day-and-night connection with the land was built allowed field delineation and development at first in the for the team on piles sunk into the sea bottom. The team southwestern fold limb and then in the southeastern limb, as was guided by toolpusher M. P. Kaverochkin. Drilling was well as detailed study of the geology of the field. carried out in very difficult conditions; but people worked The stratigraphy found in the anticlinal structure of dedicatedly, ignoring storms and penetrating winds. Neftyaniye Kamni is defined from upper Pliocene Koun to

15 Bullet~nHouston Geoloqlcal Soc~etyJune 1993 Apsheronian deposits. The beds of the Productive Unit and PK,, PK,, and PK,; Kirmakinskaya, which is divided into overlying Akchagylian and Apsheronian stage rocks (Upper horizons KS,, and KS,; Nadkirmakinskaya peschanaya Pliocene) crop out in the core of the fold. (sandy) - NKP; Nadkirmakinskaya glinistaya (clayey) -NKG; Tectonically, the field coincides with a large brachyanti- "Pereryv" ("Break"); Balakhanskaya, which is divided into cline.* The Neftyaniye Kamni Fold is an asymmetrical horizons X, IX, VIII, VII, VI, and V; Sabunchinskaya, which structure (Fig. 5); at the southwestern limb dip angles are is divided into horizons IV, 111, and 11; and Surakhanskaya (I 35-40'. The northeastern limb dips 45-50'. The fold is and I' horizons) (Fig. 6) Approximately 30 oil-and gas- complicated by transverse and longitudinal faults which saturated horizons have been identified in these horizons involve the entire Productive Unit. A large longitudinal (Figs. 7 and 8). thrust fault extends along the northeastern limb of the fold, causing the southwestern limb to overlap the northeastern Field development. From the very beginning of the limb. Mud volcanism in the area is connected with this fault. development of the Neftyaniye Kamni Field, different water The fold is further complicated by a series of faults flooding options were used in order to maintain pressures in transverse to its axis. The majority of these faults are set the productive formations. Water flooding provided high against the main longitudinal disturbance and cross the economic efficiency of oil production by maintaining high entire Productive Unit. Fault plane dip range from 60-90" flow rates. and stretch mainly in a southeastern direction. Maximum According to log and well test data, the second tectonic bed displacement occurs at the fold crest and decreasing block (main block) contains three separate sandy-silty and disappearing toward the limbs. productive formations, divided by thick shale interbeds, in On the basis of oil saturation and conditions of oil the Kalinskaya Suite sequence. Among them the KaS, and occurrence, the Neftyaniye Kamni structure is divided into KaS, horizons are characterized by good oil saturation and five large, separate tectonic blocks (Fig. 5): I) the north. production. The KaS, horizon has a large gas cap, and the western part of the fold; 11) the central part of the south- KaS3 horizon is gas-bearing. western wing of the fold; 111) the central part of the The main productive formation of the field is the northeastern wing; IV) the southeastern pericline** of the Podkirmakinskaya Suite. The first wells completed in the southwestern wing; and V) the southeastern pericline of the oil-bearing sequence of this suite had very high yields. The northeastern wing. entire thickness of the Podkirmakinskaya Suite is oil- The oil and gas producing zone of the Neftyaniye saturated. The suite is divided into two main wroductive Kamni Field is the Productive Unit, which is in turn divided formations, PK, and PK,, which are separated from one in to the following suites and horizons upwards. Kalin- another by 2-5 m shale layer. The average thickness of the skaya which is divided into horizons KaS,, KaS,, KaS,, and PK, is 40 m; and of PK, is 45 m. At the pool roof the KaS,; Podkirmakinskaya, which is divided into horizons thickness of the shale layer between PK, and PK, decreases and sometimes disappears. Otherwise the thickness of the shale layer increases from the crest of structure toward the *Brachyanticline: Russian term for a long, narrow anticline. "Pericline: Russian term for the two secondary limbs of an elongated, closed limbs. The pools of the Podkirmakinskaya Suite are structure. characterized by water drive; gas caps are lacking.

Fig. 5. Structural map of the Neftyaniye Kamni Field: 1 - zone of the Diatom and Maikop (Oligocene-Lower Miocene) crumpled rocks; 2 - faults that disrupt continuity; 3 - area of oil distribution; 4 - wells.

Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 16 I1 and IV) NW part of field, NE wing (block I)

NW part of field, SW wing (block Ia) Fig. 6. Typical logs of the Neftyaniye Kamni Field SE part of field, NE wing (blocks 111 and V) ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS

HGS ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING COMMITTEE LUNCH & DINNER MEETINGS-JUNE 9,1993 Topic (same at both luncheon and dinner): our understanding of cancer causation has changed since "Insights on Cancer and the Implications risk assessment methods were first adopted by EPA. Key for Risk Assessment" points are these: Presented by: Dr. Ben Thomas The EPA's cancer model assumes that cancer is ENSR Consulting & Engineering caused by genetic mutation, and therefore there is LUNCHEON: no level of exposure that is without risk (i.e., the Place: Houston Community College process has no dose threshold). Lecture Room 151, San Jacinto Bldg. Current understanding is that cancer is a disease 1300 Holman at San Jacinto derived from a single cell with a behavioral problem. (Cafeteria available on 3rd floor) It is clear that mutation is only one of several Time: Social - 11:45 a.m. mechanisms of cancer causation. Program - 12:OO p.m. Benzene and certain petroleum hydrocarbons are DINNER: examples of chemicals which appear to be carcino- Place: Italian Market and Cafe genic by a toxicological mechanism not involving 2615 Ella Blvd. genetic mutation. (Located behind NW Memorial Hospital The discussion will also cover how risk assessments, as just south of 610 North Loop) currently conducted in the United States, may be affected Time: Social - 6:00 p.m. by our evolving understanding of cancer causation and Program - 6:30 p.m. other toxicological effects. Note: A $1.00 surcharge will be charged by the restaurant even if you don't order food or drink. CAREER CHANGE NETWORKING BEN THOMAS, Ph.D., DABT-Biographical Sketch GROUP MEETINGS (bimonthly) Dr. Thomas is Director of Toxicology and Risk Career Change Networking Group will meet briefly for Management at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Houston, Texas. He obtained his B.S. in biology from 30 minutes or less after Environmental Dinner Meeting at Tulane University, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in pathology from the Italian Market and Cafe on June 9th. the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. The regular Career Change Networking Group Meet- Prior to joining ENSR, Dr. Thomas worked for twelve ing will be held on June 28th starting at 7 p.m. (location years as a toxicologist at Shell Oil Company. During that unknown at press time). time he chaired a number of industrial trade association For information on topic and location, contact: Bob committees, including the Toxicology Committee of the Rieser (Chairman) 463-6151 (home) 820-1818 (work) or American Petroleum Institute, the API Benzene Toxicology Ralph Taylor (Publicity) 528-1232. Task Force, the API Neurotoxicity Task Force, the Chemi- cal Manufactures Association Toxicology Research Task Group on Butadiene, and the Asphalt Institute Toxicology Work Group. Dr. Thomas is a Diplomate of the American Board of II Losing Your Toxicology and has authored over 30 professional papers and publications. INSIGHTS ON CANCER AND THE We write Technical Reports IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT Geolo y, Geophysics, Engineering The information explosion in science and its impact on Ef f icient Report Production our daily life are well known. A similar explosion is occurring Drafting, Computer Graphics in the field of toxicology. The new information that is becoming available will dramatically alter our understanding (713) 855-7293 of the risks association with chemical toxicants and will ITA Houston dramatically change the risk-based ways we approach MAN/AN Denver (303)794-8826 environmental health decisions. This paper will discuss how

Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 18 Oil d Gas Companies and Environmental

HOUSTON, TEEXAS 77081

713 / 771-3875 FAX 713 / 771-8203

FOUR STAR PRINTING CO. HAS PROUDLY BEEN TYPESETTING, PRINTING, BINDING 6 MAILING THE HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN ALONG WITH THEIR OTHER PRINTING FOR THE PAST TEN YEARS.

19 Bulletin Houston Geolo~icalSociety June 1003 NORTH AMERICAN FEATURE

MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIAN STRIKE-SLIP FAULTING IN THE LLANO UPLI FT, CENTRAL TEXAS

by.D. L. Amsbury, Seabrook, Texas and W. T. Haenggi, Earth Sciences, Magma Power Co., Brawley, California Evidence recorded in outcropping Central Texas rocks ceased before fractures could be closed and modified by indicates strike-slip faulting caused by north-south com- pressure-solution into vertical stylolites. Reconnaissance pression, rather than normal faulting caused by east-west indicates to us that our detailed observations of structural extension of a foreland bulge toward a westward-moving features within the Marble Falls fault block may be typical of Ouachita Orogen. the Llano Uplift region. The conventional interpretation of the Ouachita Belt assumes primary westward movement of the orogen Marble Falls Block - The complex fault slice centered (present coordinates) in Central Texas (Flawn, et a/., 1961; on Marble Falls, near the eastern edge of the Paleozoic Viele and Thomas, 1989, Fig. 1; Ewing, 1991; Amsbury and outcrop, is more than 30 km long but only 2 to 8 km wide Haenggi, 1991). Pindell (1985, Figure 2) and Sherbet and (Figure 2). Structure within this block exhibits a syncline Cebull (1987, Figure 3D) proposed northwestward move- and an anticline having axes at about N60W; that is, dips are ment parallel to the axis of the San Marcos Arch; Sacks and northeastward in the southern part of the block, south- Secor (1990) did not specifically discuss Central Texas, but westward from Marble Falls 5 or 6 km northeastward, and their kinematic scheme called for rotation of compression thence northeastward toward the unconformable Cre- direction from north-south during the "middle Carbon- taceous cover. The eastern bounding fault at Mormon Mills iferous" to east-west in the Permian. has a throw of about 500 meters (Marble Falls Limestone We suggest that the principal movement recorded by and Smithwick Shale against Tanyard Dolomite). The rocks that crop out in Central Texas was to the north, as it western boundary fault has a throw of at least 1 km at was in the outcropping Ouachita salient of the orogen. Marble Falls (Smithwick Shale and Marble Falls Limestone "Westward" thrusting as inferred for the Waco Uplift against Town Mountain granite) but to the north splinters (Nicholas and Rosendahl, 1975) can also be interpreted as into several left-stepping blocks. Some splinter faults die out north-northwestward to northwestward splays from the northward within a few hundred meters. The western western edge of a dominantly northward-moving mass. The bounding fault of the dominant splinter block some 10 km thrust sheets north of the Llano Uplift postulated by north of Marble Falls (not the same fault trace as that on McMurdie (quoted in Fritz, 1990),if verified, could either be Ranch Road 1431 west of Marble Falls - see Figure 2) has the result of northwestward movement along regional only 300-350 meters of throw (basal Gorman Formation lineaments, or the result of northward thrusting from the against the top of the Point Peak Shale; cfr. the Murchison present outcrop area. Ranch well [Barnes and Bell, 1977, Plate 21). Much of the Rocks older than mid-Pennsylvanian on the Llano Uplift, Central Texas, are cut by a pervasive system of N to NE-trending faults (Figure 1)whose movement more or less coincides with Ouachita Orogeny in the area: mid- Union Texas Petroleum Morrowan in the southeastern Llano Uplift (Kier, 1980, p. 64), but Atokan to the north in the Fort Worth Basin (Thompson, 1982, p. 4-5).Map patterns and limited outcrop observations indicate that major faults are near-vertical, which is characteristic of stike-slip faults. Both right- and Houston H left-lateral displacements are consistent with outcrop H Jakarta H Karachi patterns of different faults. Extensive strike-slip faults sliced the Central Texas 1330 Post Oak Blvd. craton into blocks, producing gentle folds within blocks P. 0. Box 2120 during the process. Blocks also were extensively fractured Houston, Texas 77252-2120 internally, probably during more than one horizontally- Phone: 713/623-6544 - compressive stress event. Along the eastern exposed Fax: 713/968-2771 margin of the craton at least, hol4zontal compression

Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 20 !IBRADY

f

0 MILES 10

Faults from Barnes (1976, 1981) .....,..a..' Possible Faults Inferred from map patterns

Figure 1- Fault pattern in the outcropping pre-middle Pennsylvanian rocks of the Llano Uplift, central Texas. Solid lines are faults shown on Barnes (1976, 1981);dotted lines are possible faults inferred from outcrop patterns. The pattern previously was assumed to reflect foreland normal faulting, either 1) in response to "relaxation" of the Ouachita eastward compression, or 2) by foreland downwarping during the orogeny; but the pattern is compatible with pervasive strike-slip faulting, mostly right-lateral, during the orogeny.

KRAKER PETROLEUM CORPORATION

KRAKERPETROLEUM CORP., AN AGGRESSIVE PRIVATELY OWNED INDEPENDENT OIL COMPANY FORMED IN 1978, IS ACTIVELY SEEKING SOUTHLOUISIANA ONSHORE AND STATE WATERS DRILLING PROSPECTS IN THE IDEA STAGE. WE PREFER LOW TO MEDIUM RISK PROSPECTS ABOVE 15,000' WHICH ARE UNLEASED AND BASED ON STRONG SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY. YOURPROSPECT WILL BE REVIEWED IN HOUSTON.

2 1 Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 differential displacement clearly was accommodated by ..'.' folding of strata within the fault block although cross-faults are abundant. R08~ { Outcrop and quarry exposures east of U. S. 281 P8f~~"'" (''''''''\ ag- (Figure 2, Dow Chemical USA Brownlee Ranch Dolomite Cm \ Quarry, near Sudduth Siding [Barnes and Bell, 1977, Plate 7, Figure 20]) show that the Threadgill Member of the Tanyard Formation and the overlying Staendeback Mem- t .,- --- .i .,. / J!\ ber, near the crest of the broad anticline, are shattered by NI -,----/: ~. Q. fractures in sets that trend N20W, N80E, N40-S0E, and ° <:>' \ 'Y N30-40W, The N20W and N80E sets are most prominent on . 1940 and current aerial photographs; these sets bound the 0 MILE 1 c,.: !;.6 ,~ '?~~ r -'I {,(. -:) Creek\.-.. . quarry on the west and north, Randomly oriented blocks of OKM1 chert-bearing Staendebach Dolomite were dropped into ./ breccia zones along northeast- and east-trending fracture J sets within Threadgill Dolomite. No younger material was Ch.. .: f"I. 0\9 .:;I -'I , \, :,: ' structurally incorporated into the breccia. Where fractures are wellexposed in solid rock between 1 ./' , breccia zones, little vertical displacement could be discerned ~I'f ° ~rryV'' ,,", ./ , ",.-.;:~Oft; 1/,.'" 0 / , across most individual fractures, but nearly horizontal to . ,/ ..,-- ,,.1 shallowly dipping slickensides and mullions are common

' ."" "'" ,1.'10:-' ;f"/ ~ ':~'/"!-l ,.'11"//\ (Figure 3), Some fractures of each set display "flower ./C!~...,/ 0, .'i1:,o' structures" within the quarry, cutting dolomite into vertical ," "» ' .' f' ~ .. , ,'.;:s;' blocks (Figure 4). In pasture outcrops these features can be ../ '._" ..,(/ .' 'C I i i\,..1<.1''' mistaken easily for vertically dipping beds Scm to 1m thick. ,,.. ' J""J '-,,- - ,--, ", '( ,I '. I '''- ' ,..' :' ~ We believe that the N20W/N80E and the N40-S0E/N40- '- ...;;... ': , ,..,''",.:ch.. ","" ,i /0,: /'-:::" ", SOWfracture sets constitute pairs that formed at different ' "'.i>.I / -'--:'- h.._" 0'..' ",:,::#',/ 0 "../ ' ',:- ' 1' times under different stress conditions, but we could r'" "'C' ~ ,.. C ' ,.'~"1/,." / o.' t:: ' not determine unequivocal temporal relationships. "" , ' ,,~,/.' ." '~,,::,/., .',; c _.,-:.~.../if:~ , : .. " "0'""" . 0.; ' 0 .oc~.' ... (' , ~ " "f ,..,-' 00:: ( 1 ,...' "-s ' ' ,/ °,~ /,°,... .""",""CJ4$''" 0''\r1 -' " I ,',,.../ ~I-- ,.,f I; ( .,, o f ,,' ,0' "'- ~'- ,. ..".. '" ~ 'fc, ~ . 0' '''',v'\,. 'h..-"I! ...:'.t'T.,.If~ ./ rf ~ .: '4L)h h-. ' () ,.." rTQ': -,-~/ (/J' ,/ ~l. 'I..~ "'''~ l.~ i i ::i. ../.." ~,t-~ /,0/,.. jY ' '."'.: -', i . 'V ~,nU

" ". ..,.""-

(") " /i/i "'11"6/. ~ ~, 6 J::-qll~

Figure 2 - The Marble Falls fault block (between arrows), at the eastern edge of outcropping pre-middle Pennsylvanian rocks of the Llano Uplift.pC -Precambrian (Town Mountain Granite), Crh - Hickory Sandstone, Cm - Cambrian marine strata (including San Saba Formation), Ot - Tanyard Formation undivided, Ott - Threadgill Member, Ots - Staendebach Member, Og - Gorman Formation, Oh - Honeycutt Formation, Cmf - Marble Falls Limestone, and Csw - Smithwick Shale. Compiled on a 1:24,000 USGS topographic base from Cloud and Barnes (1946, Figure 7), Barnes and Bell (1977, Figure 20, Plate 7), Barnes (1981, Figure 3 - Shallow-dipping slickensides or mullions on the "1982), and field mapping by Amsbury and Haenggi in 1990 south face of a near-vertical N80E fracture, west side of the .' and 1991. Dow Quarry, Pencil is vertical, pointing up.

Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 22 Saddle dolomite druse in single to multiple layers coats right angles to fault length are all consistent with a Riedel open fracture faces of all sets. No vertical or steeply dipping shear pattern. Most of the prominent fractures within the stylolites were found although stylolites parallel to bedding Dow quarry are nearly vertical; "flower" structures are fairly are abundant. common. Subhorizontal slickensides and mullions are Two disi'nctly different types of cave deposits occur in abundant in the quarry, and can be seen at other localities the Dow qtidrry (Amsbury and Haenggi, 1992) in addition within the Llano Uplift (W. R. Muehlberger, personal to the breccias composed of Staendebach and Threadgill communication; e.g., in the northern wall of the Lake LBJ dolomite present in many fault zones. One type of cave fill Overlook road cut on RR 1431 between Marble Falls and consists of laminated to cross-bedded, coarse dolomite Kingsland). sand and angular chert grains; it postdates dolomite druse The regional mid-Pennsylvanian fault pattern indicates which, in turn, coats tectonic fracture voids. The detrital- dominant northward compression (Figure 5). Movement dolomite cave fill is unrelated to the widespread post- along the faults exposed within the Llano .Uplift was short- Ellenburger, pre-middle Paleozoic karst known from sub- lived compared to the Ouachita Orogeny as a whole; the surface occurrences (Kerans, 1990) because it fills movement, in our opinion, occurred in response to a short mid-Pennsylvanian fracture voids that were exposed to the pulse of compression that was an episode in a long- surface after erosion of whatever upper and middle Paleo- continued period of northward impact, rather than in zoic rocks may have been present, in addition to 300+ response to extension that followed westward compression, meters of the Gorman and Honeycutt Formations. The or to extension caused by downwarp of a foreland west of a second type of cave fill is composed of basal Cretaceous westward-moving orogen. (Hensel/Gillespie)subarkose and paleocaliche; this fill clear- ly formed during the mid-Cretaceous transgression into the Tectonic Implications - First, the northward-directed Colorado River valley, as local stream base level rose prior compression hypothesis simplifies plate-tectonic explana- to deposition of the peritidal Glen Rose Formation. tions for the Ouachita System in Texas. There is no need to postulate 1) a northward shove by an impacting mass to Interpretation '- We believe that the overall map form the Ouachita Mountains during the Late Mississippian pattern of major faults within the exposed rocks of the Llano and Early Pennsylvanian; 2) a southward movement to Uplift (Figure 1) indicates strike-slip faulting, because de- disengage the mass; and 3) a,western edge of the later East tailed outcrop papperns are puch easier to reconcile with Texas Basin. Instead, the hypothesis suggests mostly lateral movement on near-vertical faults, rather than with northward pressure at different rates and times along the vertical movement along dipping faults. Left- and right- impact front by a segmented impactor. Northwestward stepping fault zones, pull-apart grabens, small horst blocks splays from the impacting body would form features such as at compressive bends, and fold axes within fault slivers at Continued on page 56

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23 Bulletln Houston Geological Society. June 1993 COMMITTEE NEWS

HGS TENNIS TOURNAMENT 1993 On' Friday, April 7, 1993 the Houston Geological Society held the annual Tennis Tournament at Westside Tennis Club. This year's tournament was attended by several new members as well as players from previous years. We would like to thank Western Geophysical for their support to this year's tourney by supplying the tennis balls. Also, thanks to PTS Laboratories, Inc. for group and action photography. Arrowgraphics was again instrumental in supporting this year's tourney. Local industry support has HGS Tennis Tournament always helped this tournament be a success. This year's format consisted of two flights: an A & B HGS CONTINUING EDUCATION division set up for round-robin play. Each player rotated The Houston Geological Society's Continuing Edu- partners after playing eight games continuing this rotation cation Committee will be putting on two short courses in for six rounds. Once finished, the top four players in each June. One willbe the Unix for Geophysical Workstations flight met in a final playoff that determined the winners for course taught by Cliff Kelly at the North Harris College each division. This year's champions in the A Flight were Geoscience Technology Training Center by the airport. Steve Allen and Mike Walker. The runners-up were Greg The second course willbe Onshore 3D acquisition-what . Getz and Steve Pollard. This year's B Flight champions in the Geologist needs to know. This course willbe held June the B Flight were Jay King and Graham Livesey. The 18th at the Exxon Auditorium. . runners-up were Richard McDonald and Denis Haydel. Over the summer we the HGS willnot offer any further courses; however, the same Technology Center will host the following: UNIX for Geoscience Interpreters 16 hours 15 maximum enrollment $165 June 3 & 4 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. July 24 & 31 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. August 19 & 20 8:00a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Geophysical Workstation Interpretation 24 hours 12 maximum enrollment $213 June 16, 17 & 18 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. July 20, 21 & 22 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. August 27, 28 & 29 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Geological Workstation Interpretation 24 hours 12 maximum enrollment $213 June 22, 23 & 24 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. A-Flight Winners - Mike Walker and Steve Allen. August 23, 24 & 25 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Also of note, the Tomball Community College is hosting a field trip in the fall. The trip willbe from Thursday, October 21st through Sunday, October 24th and will include numerous sites of geologic interest, Pedernales Falls State Park, five stops in the Llano Uplift area, Enchanted Rock State Park, McDonald Observatory, Davis Mountains and numerous stops in the Big Bend National Park. Other stops of interest include Seminole Canyon, Marathon Mountains, Judge Roy Bean's Courtroom, etc. The preparatory classes will be held on Tuesday, October 12th, Thursday, October 14th; and Tuesday, October 19th from 7:00 p.m. until 9:30 p.m. The field trip leaders are geology teachers Dr. Hulon Madeley and HGS member Tom Browder. The cost of the expedition is $125.00. Please call the Community Education Office at (713) B-Flight Winners - Jay King and Graham Livesey. 351-3320 for registration information.

Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 24 HGS Short Course Instructor: Clifford Kelly who is experienced in UNIX ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING and using UNIX on Geology workstations, especially IBM computers GEOLOGISTS AIR CONTROL REGULATIONS Time: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. AND MONITORING METHODS Place: North Harris College Location: Paul Revere Middle School Auditorium 2270 W.W. Thorne 10502 Briar Forest (just west of Beltway 8) The Geoscience Technology Training Center Winship Building, Room 261 Date: June 7 & 8, 1993. Course will cover two consecutive weekday evenings. Registration: $50.00. Limit to 15 people Time: 6:30 - 9:30 p.m. Send check to: Houston Geological Society The course will be presented by both Air Control 7171 Harwin, #314 Board personnel and industry professionals involved Houston, Texas 77036 in regulatory activities and air monitoring work. Course Description: Due to the numerous air control regulations enacted in HGS Short Course the last few years, many companies have been experiencing ACQUISITION AND QUALITY ever-increasing restrictions on the level and quality of air ASSURANCE IN PROCESSING emissions permittable from their sites. Because of these developments, companies and regulatory agencies are OF 3-D SEISMIC DATA experiencing an increasing need to hire personnel who have When: June 18,1993 a knowledge of air regulations and methods for monitoring Time: 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. air quality at industrial and commercial sites. This course has been put together to give an overview of the pertinent Where: EXXON Auditorium regulations, definitions and methods used in the air control 800 Bell (Petroleum Club) industry. Houston, Texas 77002 Personnel from the Texas Air Control Board will give Who: Team taught by Houston's leading an overview of the recent air control regulations and explain geophysical contractors. the hazardous and criteria air pollutant classifications. Two forms of air emissions monitoring will be presented by air Cost: $15.00 Registration at the Door control firms: fugitive emissions monitoring of leaks from $10.00 Pre-Registration pipelines and stacklincineration monitoring. A presentation Sessions: AM - Program - Acquisition Design on air dispersion modeling is also planned. Geologists who PM - Program - Data Processing Quality have made the career transition into the air control industry Assurance will discuss the job market and "transferrable skills" for working in air control. The short course is open to anyone having an interest in the air control industry. Registration cost for bothdays is $10.00; free to unemployed and underemployed HGS members. Please pre-register by mailing a check made payable to the "Houston Geological Society" at the HGS office. For further information, please contact Nancy Boschetto at 579-8999 (8 a.m. to 5 p.m.) or Zubair Haq at 495-9828 (12 noon to 12 midnight).

HGS Short Course INTRODUCTION TO UNIX FOR GEOSCIENCE PERSONNEL Date: June 21, 1993 For: Geoscience exploration personnel: geologists, geophysicists, and geotechnical assistants who use UNIX and want to learn more or have questions answered Learn to: Create and manipulate directories Manipu- late files: name, copy, remove, etc. Logon procedures Basic UNIX commands Learn on: Clientlserver LAN environment computer workstations

Bulletin Houston Geological Soclety, June 1993 HGS MEMORIAL GRADUATE HGS 25 & 50 YEAR MEMBERS SCHOLARSHIP FUND Thirty-one HGS members were honored at the May The Memorial Scholarship Fund, launched in 1974 with 10th dinner meeting in recognition of their long-term an $8,000 contribution by Warren L. Calvert, awards membership in the Houston Geological Society. President scholarships to deserving graduate students in some branch Pat Gordon presented awardees with their 50 year member- of economic geology. ship certificates. Those qualifying for the award include: Three categories of contributions are: Patron ($500 or 50 YEAR MEMBERSHIP more). Donor ($100 to $500) and Contributor (less than Baynes, Lee L. Voigt, Harold E. $100). The Society acts as trustee for the fund. Nowotny, W. A. Wood, Owen B. The names of deceased Patrons and Donors are published each year as a memorial. We fondly remember 25 YEAR MEMBERSHIP those who are no longer with us. Anderson, George H. Pickering, John W. Crane, Marilyn J. Raasch, Albert C. Patrons Davis, James W. Ragsdale, James A. John D. Bremsteller Duchin, Ralph C. Ross, Carolyn Miracle Reaves W. Jackson, Jr. (by Robert J. Schrock) Frick, John D. Scheig, Richard L. Wayne V. Jones, I1 (by Merida Jones) Hamric, Burt E. Scoggins, Wallace H. Carlton D. Speed, Jr. (by Marvolene Speed Bennett) Harlan, Ronald W. Scott, Andrew K. Donors Hoover, Eleanor M. Sleeper, J. Lockert Wayne Z. Burkhead (by A. M. Tolbert) Johnson, Ragnar E. Sneider, Robert M. G. H. Clark (by Howard Kiatta) Jolly, Robert D. Stewart, E. Mack W. Kenley Clark (by C. V. Hagan) Marsh, G. Renick Swett, Earl R. Ira H. Cram McCrehan, Richard E. Trapnell, Don E. Morgan J. Davis Nering, Lee G. Verret, Merlin J. Sam E. Dunnam (by Charles Weiner) Peppiatt, Sam H. Paul K. Goodrich If you come across one of these individuals, be sure to A. V. Hargis (by Robert J. Schrock) congratulate them for their longterm support of the Society. W. B. McClyde E. Harrison (by Ralph C. Duchin) ROBERT L. HIXON W. B. McCarter, Sr. Awards Committee R. B. Mitchell Vernon F. Neuhaus (by Robert J. Schrock) R. R. "Bob" Rieke A. L. Selig Fred L. Smith, Jr. Bernard A. Taylor Carl Van Wormer. (by John K. Rabenold) EXPLORING THE PEGGY J. RICE Vice Chairman GULF COAST STUDENT POSTER SESSION WINNERS During the social hour at the April 12 dinner meeting, students from several Texas universities exhibited posters of their research to the HGS membership. A total of twelve students responded to the Awards Committee invitation to display their work at the annual Student Poster Session. This number was double the response there had been the previous two years. Each participant was given a compli- mentary dinner and a copy of Typical Oil and Gas Fields of Southea$t Texas, Volume 11. In addition, the posters were judged for content and appearance, and monetary awards of $150 and $100 were given for first and second place, respectively. This year's winners were: PEL-TEX OIL COMPANY FIRST PLACE Five Post Oak Park, Suite 1530 Ken Abdulah of Rice University "Eustatic Controls on Deltaic Deposition: Houston, Texas 77027 The Brazos-Colorado Quaternary Model." TEL (713)439-1 530 SECOND PLACE FAX (713) 439- 1023 Andrew J. Davidoff of Texas A&M "Characteristics of Transgressive Systems Tracts: Examples of The Brazos River Valley, Eastern Texas."

Bulletin Houston Geolog~calSociety. June 1993 26 REMEMBRANCES CALL FOR PAPERS Fourth Annual Archie Conference Hugh Porter, Jr., 77,died on April9, 1993. November 1-4, 1993 Peter L. McClintock, 51, died January 28, 1993. Stouffer Presidente Hotel Houston, Texas BILL BURKMAN Committee Chairman Characterizing and Managing The Dynamic Reservoir: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach ON THE MOVE Ifyou wishto present a paper, James E. Harris has recently joined Harris Operating contact, before June 15, 1993: Company as President, entrusted with the acquisition and Society of Exploration Geophysicists operation of oil & gas properties from Mississippi to Texas. .P.O. Box 702740 . Formerly, Harris, a registered petroleum engineer, was Tulsa, Oklahoma 74170-2740 President of Harris Engineering Services in Houston. Telephone: 918/493-3516 Facsimile: 918/493-2074 David A. (Andy) Kemmer has formed Canyon Energy, Inc. based in Wichita, Kansas. Previously, vice president-exploration, for Petroleum, Incorporated in Wichita. Kemmer has also worked for Shell Oil Co. in New ATTENTION: PC USERS Orleans and Anadarko Petroleum Corp. in Houston and A new special interest group willhold its debut meeting Denver. Canyon Energy, Inc. willfocus on domestic explo- on Friday morning, June 11, 1993 at 9:00 a.m. at the La ration in the Mid-Continent and Rocky Mountain regions. Madeleine Bakery and Cafe, 4002 Westheimer. This group willconcentrate on software packages such as WordPerfect, Lotus 123,Harvard Graphics, Corel Draw, Page maker , and NEW GAS INFORMATION Ventura Publisher. The focus willbe how these applications CENTER OPENS can be used to present geologic ,data, prepare reports, and The Gas Research Institute (GRI) recently opened a package prospects most effelZ~ively.Discussions of hard- fourth natural gas supply information center that allows gas ware will be kept to a minimum; a capable 386 or 486 producers ready access to GRI's most recent research machine working in a Windows environment will be results. Located in the reference library of Allied Geophysi- assumed. The meetings willhave no formal presentations. cal Laboratories at the University of Houston, the center is They willprovide an opportunity for participants to brain- open to everyone. The telephone number of the center is storm, share their favorite techniques and shortcuts, solve (713) 743-9158. problems and discuss new products. Ifyou have an interest in joining such a working group, call Paul Britt at 341-1800or John Turmelle at 583-2328. InterAmerican

il~\ Petroleum and Gas Conference " Dallas, Texas \$ '93 '-~- tJ 27-28 September 1993 Meetthesmall,'un-silenttype. What's small, attaches to almost anything, and blasts The second Inter American Petroleum and 103 (minimum) ear-piercing decibels whenever Gas Conference (lPGC '931 will be held at the Fairmont moved? The ELEIIT portable motion detector Hotel in Dallas, 27-28 September 1993. IPGC '93 will from Quorum. .Operating simply on batteries, focus on the transition to a more market-oriented the ELERT is the perfect way to protect your business climate in the Western Hemisphere hydrocar- aluables at home or away.Attach it to your skis,your bons sector and the increased scope for expanding nis racket, your suitcase, your lawnmower, your commercial opportunities in the oil, gas, petrochemi- ersonal computer, you name it. Then you can feel cals, and other petroleum-related industries. nfident that none of them will go an}Where without The registration fee is $295. For further details and u. Only Quorum products give you Quorum- registration materials, please contact: hat kind of technology and security. SeclIing Ute- Conference Organizer FLEIrf' East-West Center Attn: Dr Ken Breazeale Personol Portable Alarm 1777 East-West Road Program on Resources Honolulu, Hawaii 96848 Tel. (808) 944-7541 ...... 0mJ0djour Quorum/11LkpetldenJDistributor., . . . . , . . . Fax (8081 944-7559 Conference Host Institute for the Study of Earth and Man To order contact: N.L. Heroy Science Hall, Southern Methodist Univ. JUPITER RESOURCES 3225 Daniel Avenue Dallas, Texas 75275-0274 7818 Terra Cotta. Houston, Texas 77040 713/466-3348 Attn: Dr Susan Liepins Tel. (2141 768-3762 Office of Special Programs Tel. (2141768-4736 Fax (214) 768-4289

27 Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 HONORARY LIFE AWARDS 1992-1993

The Executive Board of the Houston Geological Society takes pleasure in announcing that Peggy Rice and Thomas Barber have been elected an Honorary Life Members. Honorary Life Membership is HGS's most prominent award, and it is bestowed upon persons who have distinguished themselves in the science of geology and/or who have contributed outstanding service to the success and welfare of this organization. A plaque will be presented to each of them at our Guest Night on June 11th. PEGGY J. RICE THOMAS D. BARBER When Peggy Joyce To those of us who Rice was a little girl playing are familiar with it, Shelder among the Cretaceous out- Field, Dimwitt Co., Texas crops in Montague County, is certainly the best under- Texas, she never dreamed stood and most profession- that one day she would ally appreciated accumu- grow up to be a geologist, lation in the Gulf Coast would get to know and geological province if not work with some ofthe most in the entire United States. outstanding and renowned Tom was the first geologist, geologists in the nation, in acumen, not age, to and would become Presi- recognize the unique dent of the country's character of this accumu- largest local geological lation and to document it society. In fact, Peggy did for geological posterity in a not plan to go to college, landmark paper, initially even though she graduated near the top of her high school delivered to the Corpus Christi Geological Society in June class in Alvord, Texas, because all the role models available 1950. The paper was an instant success, and it expanded the to her at the time indicated that women went to college to geological awareness of petroleum explorationists to such become teachers or ntirses. She did not want to become high levels that the paper was in great demand over the either. She went to business college instead and began entire country for two decades. Because of all the publicity working for a small indepeiklent oil producer and drilling given to this unusual accumulation; it is rumored, even now, contractor inWichitaFalls.That firstjobopened her eyesto that some top-leasers and block-busters, in the hope of the possibilities in the oil industry. Correspondence and scavenging an opportunity, are still trying to locate it on a reports from a Tulsa consulting geologist with a keen sense map or find it on cumulative production reports. They will of humor got Peggy interested in becoming a geologist. continue to be disappointed, however, as the field is When she later moved to Tulsa with her company, Peggy mythical, the accumulation of Tom's wit and wisdom with was determined to become a geologist, and she began considerably more longevity than a real field suffering from a attending the University of Tulsa part-time while continuing decline curve. Jim Clark, columnist for The Houston Post, to work. She later took some geology courses at the was so enthralled by Tom's paper that he devoted two University of Colorado in Boulder. In 1961she received her successive Sunday columns to the author and the paper in B.S. degree in geology from the University of Tulsa. 1960, ten years after its initial presentation. "It seems a pity After graduation Peggy worked for an independent oil that Tom Barber turned out to be such a good geologist. producer for awhile in Tulsa, then joined the American The world needs good writers with a sense of humor and Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) as Geological that's what Barber is.", Clark wrote. We are indeed most Editor. During her years with AAPG" Peggy worked in all fortunate that he is both. areas ofthe Assiiciation's business; including writing, editing, Thomas D. Barber was born in Plainview, Texas in publishing, and marketing. She put together special publi- 1919 and later, as a youth lived in Amarillo. Subsequently, cations such as reprint series, co-authored AAPG indices the family moved to Tallulah, La., where Tom graduated (before computers made the job easy), and helped to from high school. He earned a B.S. in geology and chemistry market many of the Association's publications. However, in 1940, followed in 1942 by an M.S. in geology from Texas the job she enjoyed most was working directly with some of Christian University. the "greats" in geology who contributed articles or served as After serving two years in the Navy as a Lt(j.g.) during editors of AAPG Memoirs. World War II, Tom went to work for Stanolind Oil & Gas In 1977 Peggy left AAPG to join Conoco Inc. in Co., now Amoco, as a geologist, located in Hosuton. He Houston. Her career there involved a wide range of progressed rapidly through the ranks up to the positions of responsibilities; including working offshore Louisiana in Division Geologist and Assistant Division Exploration Continued on page 59 Continued on page 59

Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 28 DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS 1992-1993

The Executive Board of the Houston Geological Society ispleased to announce that Chuck Noll and Jerry Cooley have been selected to receive the Distinguished Service Award. This award was established to horyormembers who have rendered long-term and valuable service to the Society. A plaque will be presented to them at the Guest Night on June 11th.

CHARLES R. "CHUCK" NOLL, JR. GERALD (JERRY) A. COOLEY It is certainly appropri- Gerald (Jerry) A. ate that the Houston Geo- Cooley was born in Jack- logical Society recognize son, Michigan. He entered Charles R. "Chuck" Noll the University of Michigan with its Distinguished Ser- where he received his B.S. vice Award; his career has in geology in 1946 and his been characterized by M.S. in geology in 1947. enthusiastic, long-time Jerry married Jeanne service to the Society and Arnold of Alvin, Texas, in the geological profession 1949 and they have a son .as a whole. Even now, with and three daughters. the same vigor as always, He began his career he continues to devote his as a geophysicist with time and energy to the Phillips Petroleum Com-

benefit of us all. o pany, Bartlesville, Okla- Chuck was born in .homa in 1947and remained Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1931. His father worked with for 38 years of outstanding service before electing early Gulf Oil Company in the business aspect of the oil industry retirement in 1985. Early in his career he transferred to the but Chuck decided on a career as a geologist after taking a Gulf Coast where his various assignments took him from geology course during his sophomore year at Dartmouth South Florida to South Texas, onshore as well as offshore. College. He graduated with a B.A. in geology from Dart- He was recognized as a prodigious producer of quality work mouth in 1953 and earned his M.S. in geology from the and as an outstanding supervisor and leader. Upon retire- University of Oklahoma in 1955. He went to work for ment from Phillips, he became co-founder of Pet Cons & Stanolind, later to become Pan American Petroleum Associates, of which he is President and CEO. Corporation and, more recently, Amoco Production In 1953, he joined the Houston Geological Society Company, and rose quickly through the ranks to the level of where he has served and chaired on several standing Senior Staff Geologist with diverse assignments at Okla- committees, such as Office Management and Exhibits. In homa City, Tulsa, Jackson and Houston. . addition, he has held all HGS executive positions from I first met Chuck at Stanolind's office in Oklahoma City Treasurer to President. For his outstanding dedication to where I worked a summer while between terms of my service and leadership, he was made an Honorary Life master's degree. Chuck was an "old" hand with one year of Member of the HGS in 1987. Since receiving this prestigious experience who befriended this total novice to the oil award, Jerry has continued to unselfishly serve this Society business and made him feel accepted both professionally and as a result, he is being presented with the Distinguished and socially in spite of the short-term assignment. He took Service Award. me out well-sitting on my first well and was an excellent Not only does Jerry contribute his time and effort instructor. He also was a good guy. He even warned me, toward HGS, he has served on several committees as well surreptitiously, that the other geologists were setting me up as four terms as a delegate for AAPG. He has chaired the to lose the game we played to see who bought the coffee. Arrangements and Registration Committees for the Off- With that revelation the luck of the innocent was gone and I shore Technology Conference since 1987; served as started losing. Treasurer for the Geophysical Society of Houston and has Chuck started Davis Oil Company in Houston in 1971 chaired the Finance Committee for GCAGS since 1987. as Division Manager and established Davis' significant Because of his professional involvement, Jerry received position in the Gulf Coast and West Texas areas. In 1982,he GCAGS's Distinguished Service Award in 1991. Besides his embarked on a series of ventures in which he could utilize active membership with HGS, AAPG, GCAGS, Geophysi- his entrepreneurial spirit. For the next four years he was cal Society of Houston, OTC, Jerry's other professional Division Manager for Frio Exploration Company followed affiliations include DPA, SEG and SIPES. by five years in the same capacity with New Bremen He has been active in community affairs in Bellaire, Corporation. During this last association, he also engaged in Texas, where he has resided for 35 years. He is a longtime his own enterprises as C.R. Noll & Associates. In 1991 he volunteer in the Boy Scouts of America where he has served joined Neumin Production Company as Exploration on the Adult Training Team as Scoutmaster and Explorer Continued on page 40 Continued on page 40

29 Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 TASK FORCE FOR REGISTRATION OF GEOLOGISTS AND GEOPHYSICISTS IN TEXAS 8800 Bluff Springs Road Austin. Texas 78744 Officers Dear Fellow Geologists and Geophysicists:

Pate Ron Co-Chairman The purpose of this letter is to communicate some essential information about registration Audin of geologists and geophysicists in Texas: 6 12148o-s870 Why registration is necessary now History of the geologist/geophysicists-registration movement in Texas Dan Titerk What the proposed Act does and does not provide for Co-Chairman San Antonio Plans for passage in 1993 2 101248-3307 e How you can help

Jim Sansom The 7ime has Came for State RepPdrationof Texas Gdogrits and Geophysicists Vice Chairman Austin In the past most Texas geologists and geophysicists were involved in mineral exploration and 6 121282-1598 development on behalf of private industry. Also, the public was not so concerned about environmental protection and its geological aspects. Understandably, the geologic profession was Doug Hall overwhelmingly opposed to State registration. Treasurer Audin But times have changed. Over the past decade privately employed petroleum geologists and 6121468-5249 geophysiciks in Texas have declined, in actual numbers as well as their activities in the State. Meanwhile, engineering geologists, hydrogeologists, and environmental geologists are increasing Dave Rensink significantly, practicing in specialties and areas that affect the health, safety and welfare of the Secretary Houston general public. Some examples are: natural geologic hazards, foundation surveys, hazardous waste 71314980067 spillage, waste disposal, and groundwater protection. These geologists and geophysicists presently have no official standing before the State, in contrast to other professionals such as engineers, architects, and surveyors. The 1993 Texas Geologists and Geophysicists Practice Act corrects this Mark Baker problem, but at the same time does not interfere with other Texas geologists and geophysicists still Mark Cbrmnt engaged in private-sector activities such as petroleum exploration or development. Mark Dobson Pat Oratton Evdution of the Texas Gedop'cal Practice Act Will Green By 1992, twenty states had passed legislation affecting the professional practice of geology. Bruno Hanson Pete Henby Responding to growing pressure throughout the U.S. for State registration of geologists and Jay Ireland geophysicists, representativesof the leading professional geological societies formed the Council of Chris Mathawson Professional Geological Organizations (COPGO), which began, in November 1989, to design a basic Ed Milbr document that could serve as a sound model for legislation effecting registration of professional Stan Plttman C8ri Savit geologists and geophysicists in any State. It was agreed that five critical points must be addressed Steve Shaw in any acceptable registration act: Jack Steeb 1. The Act should register geologists and geophysicists; Norman Tilford 2. It should also register or certify specialty geologists and geophysicists, whose Al Wdsworth Eric Wolff practice directly affects the public health, safety and welfare, and/or the protection of the environment; 3. The Act should exempt professional practices of geology and geophysics not affecting the public health, safety and welfare; 4. It should allow reciprocity and temporary registration between states; 5. The Board should be given flexible enforcement and disciplinary powers.

CoPGO's final product was the Suggested Geological Practices Act (SGPA), which has now been endorsed by the Advisory Board of DPA, and the Boards of Directors of SIPES, AEG, SEG, and ASFE. Other endorsements are anticipated in the near future. The proposed Texas Geological Practices Act has been developed directly from the Suggested Geological Practices Act.

What the Act Does and Doesn't Do Here are the highlights of the proposed Act: The Act sets up a Board of Registration, made up of 7 members recommended by professional geological and geophysical societies in Texas, plus two lay citizens representing the general public, all 9 appointed by the Governor for staggered 6-year terms, plus the Director of the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology.

Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 30 The Board will oversee qualifying examinations, issuance of registration certificates, issuance of specialty registration certificates, establish and enforce a Code of Professional Conduct, encourage reciprocity with other states, and other related tasks. 0 A registered geologist or geophysicist must demonstrate good character, have a degree from a valid college geoscience department, and 4 years of subsequent professional experience, and, after expiry of a one year "grandfather" period, pass the qualifying examination. 0 To register in a geological or geophysical specialty, such as engineering geologylgeophysics, hydrogeology, ground-water geophysics, and environmental geologylgeophysics, an applicant must have an additional 12 semester-hours of relevant advanced academic course work, at least 4 years of experience in the specialty-field (2 of which can be graduate study), and after expiry of a one-year "grandfather" period, pass the qualifying examination. 0 Temporary and reciprocal registration with other states is provided for. Geologicallgeophysical work exempted by the Act: - work by subordinates of organizations, if supervised by a registered geologistlgeophysicist -- work by U.S. Government geologists and geophysicists for the Federal Government - exploration and development for mineral resources on behalf of private investors -- geological/geophysical research, except in support of any governmental laws, ordinances or regulations -- geologic teaching, except in the areas of specialty registration -- professional work in fields related to geology and geophysics by licensed engineers or other licensed professionals -- judicial and administrative testimony, preparation and presentation of exhibits 0 Professional geologic practice in areasitopics affecting the public domain will require registration (firms and state agencies will require a registrant in responsible charge). Ample provisions are made for reasonable exceptions by the Board.

"Ok",you say, "but what long-term effects will registration really have?" We believe it will: 1. Protect the public health and safety from substandard geologiclgeophysics practice; 2. Put geologists and geophysicists on an equal professional footing with other registered professionals; 3. Formally recognize the substantial influence geology has on modern society; 4. Upgrade the level of undergraduate and graduate college education in geology.

The full bill is 36 pages long, which precludes its inclusion with this letter. However, we are sending 3 reduced copies to each professional geologicaligeophysical society in the state and Texas sections/chapters of AIPG, SIPES, SEG, and ground water associations, requesting that they publish it in their newsletters.

Passing the Act in 7993 Through the encouragement of Dr. William L. Fisher, Director, Bureau of Economic Geolo~yand 1993 President of AIPG, the Task Force for Registration of Geologists and Geophysicists in Texas was formed in December 1992, with the purpose of planning, supervising, and financing the passage of the Texas Geologists and Geophysicists Practice Act through the 1993 Texas legislature. On successful passage of the Act, the Task Force will dissolve. Members of the Task Force are experienced professional geologists and geophysicists who are active members of DPA of AAPG, AIPG, SIPES, SEG, and AEG.

Editor's Note: The preceding is a reprint of an open letter from the Task Force to promote the passage of the Texas Geological Practice Act. Its publication here is intended for informative purposes only and should not be construed as an endorsement by the Houston Geological Society. If you wish to donate time or money to the efforts of this task force, contact: Texas Geologists and Geophysicists' Registration Fund 8800 Bluff Springs Road Austin, Texas 78744 or call Pete Rose, Co-Chairman 51 2-480-9970 Dan Titerle, Co-Chairman 210-246-3307 Dave Rensink, Secretary 713-496-0067 The proposed billhas been introducedas H. B. 122 1 into the House ofRepresentatives b y Warren Chisum (District 84 - Pampa) and will be sponsored in the Senate by Bill Sims (District 28 - San Angelo).

31 Bulletin Houston Geological Soclety. Juce 1993 THE HOUSTON AND NEW ORLEANS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES PROUDLY PRESENT

PRODUCTIVE LOW RESISTIVITY WELL LOGS OF THE OFFSHORE GULF OF MU(IC0

DWIGHT 'CLINT MOORE: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

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A SPECIAL TFEATISE BY FTiBOPHVSlCM AUTHORS ROBERT SNRDER AND HARO U) MRUNG ON *PAODUCT1M COW RESlSTlW MULLMS OF THE OFFSHORE OWOF MWCO: CAUSES AND ANALYSIS' EVERY PETROLEUM PROFESSIONAL NEEDS A COPY OF THIS GREAT BOOK!

MEVOLUME IS EINQ OFFERED AT A PRICE OF ONLY m.00 PLW $4.00 HANOUNQ AN6 POSTAGE FEE. (POSTAGE AND HANDUNG FEE OUTSIDE OF NORTH AMERICA IS $13.00.) MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO NOGS. SEND ORDERS AND INQUIfWES TO:

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS, UKEFRONT 2000 LAKESHORE DRlVE NEW ORLEANS. U 70122-9922

TELEPHONE ORDERS (504) a86-6325 (CO-T CALLS NOT ACCEPTED)

Bulletm Houston Geological Soclety. June 1993 3 2 Houston Geological Society 11th Annual ei s'=GaF Shoo% Greater Houston Gun Club 6700 McHard Rd. 437-6025 Saturday, June 19, 1993 1 N $45 Includes 50 Targets, Ammunition, - 11 I Door Prizes, and Refreshments \ AslwowE I We are limited by time and field availability to approximately 200 shooters, so please REGISTER EARLY. Registrations received after Friday, June 11 will be on a stand-by basis or returned. Y

We will try to stay on schedule, rain or shine, so please register for your earliest convenient start time, be on time, and shoot your rounds quickly. Start times will be assigned on a first-come, first-served basis. Shooters who wish to squad together must mail their registrations together. n FM 2284 12 and 20 gauge ammunition will be provided; you must use this ammunition for -LA this event. Gr..t.r Houston Gun Club 6700 McHard Rd NSSA and ASC safety and scoring rules apply: Modified Lewis Class Scoring System.

Name: Tel: (Res.) (Off .)

Address: Company:

Guests: 1) 2) 3) 4)

Preferred starting time: (circle one) 7:OO 8:OO 9:OO 10:OO 11:OO 12:OO

Number of shooters $45 each: Check One: 12 gauge 20 gauge ...... Disclaimer: lacknowledge that neither the Houston Geological Society nor the Greater Houston Gun Club will be held responsible for injury or accidents during this event.

Mail registration and check to: Houston Geological Society, 7171 Harwin, Ste. 314, Houston, TX 77036-2190 (Make checks payable to HGS Entertainment Fund, and remit with registration)

33 Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 m June CALENDAR of EVENTS 1993 C-- * t Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5

North Harris College, - for Interpreters, J- 3-4 I--) 6 7 9 10 11 12 1 HGS EMllRFNG HGS ENVIR/ENG SHORTCOURSE Lurdvon HGS GUEST NITE Air Control HO-Comm.c4!. Paul R- Middk School Ben lhmas DINNWlMEElTNG - MuseumNatSdence - h7-8 DINNER MEEllNG ~Mld&cafe 'Hawaii" I IMAX +-- AAPG School. 'Long Adpis & Fomration Edmtion," June 7-10 -*

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

SlPES LUNCHEON HGS SKEEI' SHOOT Sam Fbrity HGS SCHOOL Seismk &eater Houston Petrolaunaub 3-D Aoquisltion Gun Qub

4 SPWLA Annual Meeting, Calgary, June 13-16 *

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 HGS IrnLDBL DINNER MEETING Bernard Dwal Post Oak Doubletree HGS SHORT COURSE Clifford Kelly N. HadCow

27 28 29 30 GEO-EVENTS HGS JUNE EVENTS MEETINGS JUNE 9, 1993 (Luncheon/Dinner Meeting) JUNE 21,1993 (Dinner Meeting) HGS ENVIRONMENTAIJENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS HGS INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATIONISTS "Toxicology and Risk Assessment" "Discovery of a Giant in a Mature Deltaic Province: Peciko, Ben Thomas (see page 18) Indonesian Houston Community College, Conference Room 151 Bernard Duval (see page 10) 2121 San Jacinto Bldg., 1300 Holman at San Jacinto Post Oak Doubletree Inn, 2001 Post Oak Blvd. Social Period 1l:45 a.m., Lunch and Program 12:00 noon Social Period 530 p.m., Dinner and Meeting 6:30 p.m. Italian Market & Cafe, 2615 Ella Blvd. Reservations by name only, telephone 785-6402. Must be made Social Period 530 p.m., Dinner and Program 6:30 p.m. (Buy your or cancelled by noon Friday, June 18. own dinner) JUNE 11,1993 (Annual Guest Night Dinner Meeting) "Hawaii: Born in Paradise" (see page 8) IMAX - Museum of Natural Science, Hermann Park Social Period 6:00 p.m., Dinner 7:00 p.m., Awards 8:15 p.m., Movie 9:00 p.m. Reservations by check only, mail to HGS office. See page 2 for address.

OTHER EVENTS SlPESLuncheon, Sam Flarity, "3-DPresentation of Geologi- AAPG School, "Well Log Analysis and Formation Evalua- cal Structures on a PC," Petroleum Club, 11:30 a.m., June 17. tion", June 7-10. HGS School, "3-DSeismic Acquisition for Geologists," June AROUND THE COUNTRY 18. SPWLA Annual Meeting, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June SEG Continuing Education School, "Seismic Refraction 13-16. Data Interpretation, June 21. SCHOOLS AND FIELD TRIPS HGS Short Course, Clifford Kelly, "Introduction to UNIX North Harris College, "Unix for Geoscience Interpreters", for Geoscience Personnel," North Harris College Geoscience 8:00 a.m. -5:OOp.m., June 3-4. Technology Training Center, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., June 21. HGS Short Course, "Air Control Regulation and Monitoring OTHER EVENTS Methods", 6:30-9:30p.m., June 7-8. HGS Skeet Shoot, Greater Houston Gun Club, 6700 McHard Rd. 7:00 a.m. to Noon, June 19.

HGS ELECTION RESULTS! - 1993-94 Executive Board - President ...... John M. Biancardi Editor ...... Lynne D. Feldkamp President-Elect ...... Clint Moore Editor-Elect ...... John M. Turmelle Vice President...... Ron Nelson Executive Committeeman, '94 ...... Jeffrey W. Lund Secretary ...... Steve Brachman Executive Committeeman, '94 ...... James A. Ragsdale Treasurer...... Ann Ayers Martin Executive Committeeman, '95 ...... Sue van Gelder Treasurer-Elect ...... Jeannie Fisher Mallick Executive Committeeman, '95 ...... Bob Rieser

3 5 Bulletin Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety. June 1993

a -* -- ..-.....---.,*-----.+... .. "*"ah b . ----- HGS GOLF TOURNAMENT September 20,1993

PLACE: Kingwood Country Club FORMAT: Four Man Scramble FEATURING: * Closest to the pin contests * Refreshment stands * Longest drive contests * Bar-B-Q dinner * Putting contests * Betting holes * Trophies, Awards, & Prizes

This year's tournament will be a four-man scramble. A shotgun start at 11:45 a.m. using all three courses will be followed by an informal buffet dinner with presentation of awards. A player may select his/her own foursome or be placed in a foursome by the tournament committee. The field will be split into flights according to handicap and Schedule of Events thus be placed on one of the three courses. 1 9:30 AM to 11:30 AM Entries will be limited to the first 108 four-man teams entered (432 total golfers), tegistration and free use of and will be accepted on a first-in basis. ONLY three courses will be used - so enter driving range t quickly! Entrv fee will be $75.00 for HGS members and $90.00 for non-members. (Entries Receive golf cart keys will only be accepted'if HGS status is filled out correctly; check with the Geological Society at 785-6402 about member status if there is any doubt.) The deadline for Shotgun start entries is September 13, 1993, or when tournament is full. Entry fee includes green fees, golf carts, driving range use with practice balls, and the buffet award dinner. So Putting Contest and get your group together, come out and enjoy the competition, food, and fun. Cash Bar Open Companies interested in sponsoring, or people interested in helping should contact tournament chairman Chris Bechtel, with OMNI Laboratories Inc. at 862-2400. Buffet Dinner with To enter, fill out the following entry blank and mail with your entry fee (payable to Award Presentation HGS Entertainment Fund) to: Chris Bechtel OMNI Laboratories, Inc. 6955 Portwest Suite #lo0 Houston, Texas 77024 All entries will be acknowledged by return phone call the week of September 10th.

Name Amount Enclosed Company Phone Handicap or Foursome Members HGS Non Average (Please Print) member member Company Score

Bulletin Houaton Gsolooical Society. June 1893 3 6 Consider MICRO-STRAT for your Gulf of Mexico and In terna tional Projects "VAIL-TY PE" BIO-LOG-SEISMIC

EXhmENCE

Well Reports include: High Resolution Biostratigraphy using Calcareous Nannofossils, Planktic 8 Benthic Foraminifers in 1O.mfeet of section/well Please contact: Sequence Stratigraphy analysis Chart with a well-log. sequences. condensed sections, Walter W. Wornardt systems tracts, age, water depth, histograms 5755 Bonhomme,

Surfaces, plus Systems Tracts Low Stand- Basin Floor and Slope Fan Prograding . Houston, Tx 77036 Transgresive and High Stand

3 7 Bulletin Houston Geological Soc~ety.June 1993 THE FALL RETURN!

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY FIELD TRIP HGS GEO-RAFTING EXPEDITI0N;THE BIG BEND OF THE RIO GRANDE PART II - MARISCAL CANYON November 3 - 9,1993

Following up on the tremendous experience of the Houston Geological Society's first rafting expedition (through Big Bend's Santa Elena Canyon) this past Spring, we have decided to return to the river at the time of year when the Rio Grande is at its best for rafting. Geologists and friends from all over Texas and Louisiana expressed their desire to stay the course and we hope to avail them. Mariscal Canyon is considered the most geologi- cally diverse and remote of Big Bend's five canyons. It is here that the Rio Grande swings north to form the "Big Bend". The trip is set to start Wednesday evening, November 3rd, departing Houston for Alpine on AmTrak's westbound "Sunset Limited" (New Orleans to L.A.). Spectacular scenery and photo ops abound on Thursday morning before arriving in Alpine by noon. There, we will meet with our guide from Big Bend River Tours and our ground transportation to and from Lajitas. Thursday night we will be at the resort of Lajitas on the Rio Grande. After getting settled in at our hotel, a backroad tour is planned to the Mariposa Mine in the Christmas Mountains. A delicious dinner will be prepared and served around the campfire complimented by musical entertainment, as the West Texas sun sets. The group will return to Lajitas around 9:OO PM. On Friday morning, we will embark after breakfast at the Badlands Restaurant. on our three dav (fullv outfitted). 28 mile rafting adventure. w;!will load up shuitlk vkicles and head for our put-ln point at Talley. Remote access to Talley provides seldom seen views of the back side of the Chisos Mountains. A stop for lunch will be at the historic Mariscal mining operation. After lunch we will board the rafts and start the peaceful float trip to the dramatic entrance to Mariscal Canyon. Once in the canyon we will shoot the "Rockpile" and "Tight Squeeze" rapids. Hiking and rock exploring opportunities will be more readily available on this trip since we are going to spend an extra night on the river. Friday evening we will stop to camp in the canyon, surrounded by cathedral-like rock formations. Big Bend River Tours will supply all camping equipment and supplies, except sleeping bags and mattresses. A ribbon of stars is visible as we enjoy entertainment around the campfire. On Saturday, the smell of Cowboy coffeewill wake us. Once we break camp we continue down the river, through the majestic canyon. As we leave the high canyon walls, reaching over 1,800 feet overhead, we will traverse the open desert the magnificent Chisos Mountains will be visible in the distance. Finally, we pass through the beautiful San Vicente Canyon and be afforded views of the Sierra del Carmen Mountains. Upon exiting the canyon, in the afternoon, a campsite will be selected, once again awing the group with the stars of the desert sky while being entertained around the campfire. On Sunday we board the rafts for our final day of rafting. We can experience the pleasure of the 105 degree hot spring at the ruins of the old Langford Bath House, eat lunch and float through scenic Hot Springs Canyon. We land at Rio Grande Village, where we will be shuttled back to Lajitas for a relaxing evening. On Monday we depart Lajitas and tour the spectacular geology of Big Bend National Park in route to Alpine where we catch the train back to Houston. The group should arrive back in Houston about noon on Tuesday, November 9th. COST: $685.00 includes guidebook(s), round trip Amtrak Coach Fare from Houston, 2 nights lodging at Lajitas on the Rio Grande (Dbl. Occ.), fully outfitted rafting expedition and backroad tour and cookout hosted by Big Bend River Tours, meals except for on train and Sunday and Monday evening, and field refreshments. $785.00 includes above with double occupancy Pullman fare. $575.00 includes above, exclusive of AmTrak fare. Option for those making their own travel arrangements (i.e. roundtrip from New Orleans, Lafayette, or San Antonio, or driving).

Bulletin Houston Geological Soaety. June 1993 38 FOR MORE INFO: Contact Martin J. Oldani, Apache Corp. (713) 296-6326 ------.---.-----.-.-----.-----.------.------.------.---.------..---.-.----.--.------..----- HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY FIELD TRIP HGS GEO-RAFTING EXPEDITION; THE BIG BEND OF THE RIO GRANDE November 3 - 9,1993 REGISTRATION FORM

Address:

City, State, Zip:

Work Phone: Home Phone: Fax:

Registration: Inclusive, Coach Amt. $

-Inclusive, Pullman Amt. $

-w/out Train Fare Amt. $ Enclose check payable to HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, and return this form to: Paul Britt, Texplore, Inc., P.O. Box 450, Richmond, Texas 77406 Look forward to the commentary on the Spring '93 Field Trip in the September Bulletin. Photos will show a great geo-time!

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Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 Distinguished Service Awards, HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL Continued from page 29 Charles R. "Chuck Noll, Jr., continued A UXILIARY Manager, but recently joined Live Oak Reserves, Inc. as Exploration Consultant, his current affiliation. For the last twenty-three years, Chuck has been almost continually involved in professional activities. He started as Houston Geological Society Personnel Placement Director in 1970. Space constraints prevent listing most of his activities, but some of his positions should be noted. In 1974 he was National Interview Chairman at AAPG's annual To begin with, all the auxiliary members owe a big convention in San Antonio, even though he was located in "thank you" to all the outgoing officers, committee Houston. He was President of the Houston section of AIPG chairmen, and party chairmen. It has been a wonderful year! in 1979 and is currently President of the Division of Plans are underway to continue in their footsteps. All Professional Affairs of AAPG. He has been very active in the wives of HGS members and female HGS members are Houston Geological Society, serving in many capacities invited to join us and meet new people and share in our including being President during the 1986-87 term. He activities. continued his HGS activities as Chairman of the HGS Our September luncheon will be at the Junior League Memorial Scholarship Fund until 1991. Since 1974 he has where we'll be entertained by a very talented choral group been an AAPG Delegate for a number of terms, including with excerpts from the musical comedy "Nunsense". In being Foreman of the Houston House of Delegates in 1984. December our luncheon will be at the Braeburn Country In addition to his professional participation, he has also Club with another excellent program. We are looking given his talents to his community and his church. These forward to having our evening party at the Petroleum Club activities range from being Chief Advisor of the Amoco- on February 5. We'll wind up the year at Lakeside Country sponsored Junior Achievement company which, in 1967, Club with a humorous talk on a serious subject, "Why Can't took top honors in Houston and placed in the top fifteen a Man Be More Like a Woman?We also have a very active companies nationally, to fund raising for the University of bridge group and many committees to get you involved with Houston Excellence Campaign, to serving as a Little League other members. HGA members are eligible to join Geo- baseball coach and commissioner. He has also served Wives with their varied monthly activities. Dartmouth College well in a number of capacities including So sign up now! Send your check for $15 made out to serving as an elected member of the Dartmouth College HGA to: Susan McKinley, Membership Chairman, 11618 Alumni Council. Trailmont, Houston, TX 77077. Chuck has two grown sons, Robby and Randy. JoAnn, For further information contact any of the new officers: his wife, participates with him in many of his professional President ...... Janet Steinmetz activities and is as well known as a real estate broker and 1st Vice President ...... Grace Chambers owner of Househunters, Inc. She has encouraged and aided 2nd Vice President ...... Susan McKinley him in his work for his profession. 3rd Vice President ...... Tina Hoffman With this award, The Houston Geological Society Secretary ...... Beverly VanSiclen recognizes Chuck's long-term and substantial contributions Treasurer...... Jeanne Cooley to the well-being of the profession and the strength of the Historian ...... Naomi Watson Society. The recognition is well deserved. Parliamentarian...... Pat Hefner JOHN J. AMORUSO Directors: ********** Norma Jean Bacho, Mildred Davis, Mary Harle Bettie McFarlan, Terry Pooser, Hjordis Hawkins Gerald (Jerry) A. Cooley, continued JANET STEINMETZ Advisor for 25 years. For outstanding leadership and service President to our youth he was awarded the Silver Beaver in 1981. "When you want a difficult job done and done well, give it to a busy person" typifies the character of Jerry Cooley. GEO-WIVES For his outstanding service and dedication to his profession and community, he is truly deserving of the Distinguished Geo-Wives is the newcomers club of the Houston Service Award. Geological Auxiliary. The purpose of the club is social. Monthly activities from September through May allow HGA MARVIN L. SMITH members of ten years or less to become better acquainted. Programs include luncheons in local restaurants or members' homes, interesting speakers, and even an out-of- town day trip. Call membership chairperson Hellen Hutchison at 877-8479 to request a membership form for the 1993-94 program year. SUSAN McKINLEY President

Bullet~nHouston Geolog~calSoc~ety. June 1993 Azerbaijan, continued from page 17

Fig. 7. Geologic cross-section of the Neftyaniye Kamni Field: 1- oil; 2 - gas; 3 - faults that disrupt continuity 4 -The Diatom and Maikop (Oligocene-Lower Miocene) crumpled rocks; 5 - the Koun (Middle Eocene) crumpled rocks.

Fig. 8. Diagram of distribution of oil accumulations in the Gryazevaya Sopka and Neftyaniye Kamni Fields: 1 - faults; 2-6 - contours of oil accumulations: 2 - X horizon of the Balakhanskaya Suite, 3 - "Pereryv" Suite, 4 - NKP suite, 5 - KS and PK suites, 6 - KaS suite; 7 - boundary of deposits.

Fig. 9a shows the distribution of producing and injection In the third, fourth and fifth tectonic blocks oil satu- wells, and Fig. 9b shows the production history of the PK, ration occurs, besides the above-mentioned productive horizon in the second tectonic block. Fig. 10a is a map of horizons, in the Nadkirmakinskaya sandy and "Pereryv" OWC migration due to waterflood from advance during PK, suites and to the upper part of the Productive Unit. The horizon exploitation, and Fig. lob is a map of the water Nadkirmakinskaya sandy suite is distinguished by great oil encroachment rate in the same horizon in terms of water content throughout the entire formation thickness. In the cut. "Pereryv" Suite four to five productive beds are defined in Oil saturation of the Kirmakinskaya Suite is confined to the productive section, separated by shale interbeds of its lowest part (79-80m from the bottom). The oil saturated small thicknesses. These beds are saturated unevenly. section of the Kirmakinskaya Suite is divided into two Horizons X, VI, V, IV, 111, I and I' are oil bearing within the separate productive horizons, the KS, and KS,. The upper same bands as the "Pereryv" Suite. The IX, VIII and VII horizon KS, is less productive. horizons have the largest oil-saturated areas. In spite of their

4 1 Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 Fig. 9. Distribution of producing and injection wells Q (a) and production history (b) of PK, horizon, Neftyaniye Kamni Field.

1 - producing well; 2 - injection well; 3 - current OWC; 4 - OWC; Pa, -average reservoir pressure, atm; Q, - daily water injection rate, m3; N - number of producing wells; Qo' - the same with natural depletion drive, t.

shallow depths (from 100 to 500 m), these horizons are Podkirmakinskaya Suite (predominance of sandstones in characterized by large oil output. the section, their excellent sorting, and a coarser grain size The oil in these productive formations is saturated with causing goodpermeability) did not contribute to the accumu- hydrocarbon gases; in addition, purely gas only accumu- lation of free gas; the gas, due to its great mobility, moved lations also occur here. The hydrocarbon gases of the into the Kirmakinskaya Suite, which consists of thin sandy- Neftyaniye Kamni Field are largely of the methanic group. clayey intercalations with a large grain surface area. The casinghead gases contain admixed CO,. The compo- A characteristic feature of the Kalinskaya Suite is a sition of the gases by horizon is presented in Table 1. On an change of the oil pool of KaS, to a gas pool on the far average, the the natural gases of the Neftyaniye Kamni Field southeast down-dip part of the fold (the fourth tectonic contain 68.1 to 96.7% methane, 0.64 to 5.14 ethane, 0.13 to block). From the crest to the periphery of the structure, the 1.58% propane, 0.06 t6 1.58% butane, and 0.13 to 2.54% dimensions of the grains decrease and the clay content of higher hydrocarbons. The content of CO, by volume is 1to the reservoir increases. This is expressed clearly in the KaS, 23%. The specific gravity of the gas with respect to air ranges section, where as a result, a gas pool has developed with a from 9.5814 to 0.8846. The gases are classified as dry, small oil fringe extending along the periphery. The boundary although several analyses show a content of heavy hydro- of gas-saturated reservoir intersects the structural contour carbons up to 100 g/m3. lines of the stratum from higher levels to lower. A similar Gas saturation increases with an increase in clay change of an oil pool to a gas pool is observed in other content and with a decrease in sand content of the reservoir rocks. A decrease in the thickness of the sandy beds is * DR. JAMES CLARKE * accompanied by a change in the grain size of the rocks; the Retired USGS expert on the Petroleum content of the grain fraction less than 0.01 mm increases. For example, the Podkirmakinskaya Suite contains an Geology of the C.I.S. Presents: average of 65-70% sandy strata, and about 20% of these * PETROLEUM GEOLOGY - a bi- sands consist of fractions less than 0.01 mm. The initial monthly digest of C.I.S. oil & gas articles. gas-oil ratio (GOR) was 35-40 m3/m3. The Kirmakinskaya Suite is characterized by a high content of clayey beds and * Intermediate Complexes of the C.I.S. - very thin (> 1 cm) sandy-clayey intercalations. The sandy Report on unexplored rift-filling sediments; layers constitute no more than 45-50%of the entire thickness 22 maps and cross-sections. of suite; moreover, grain size fractions of less than 0.01 mm constitute 25% of these layers. The initial GOR of the * Classes, Consulting on new plays & strategy. Kirmakinskaya Suite was almost twice that of the Podkir- Contact: makinskaya Suite, reaching 70-75 m3/m3. At the beginning JUPITER RESOURCES * (713) 466-3348 of field development, the pools of both formations were in 7818 Terra Cotta, Houston, TX 77040 the same energy state. The lithologic features of the i. I Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 42 b 1 Fig. 10. Maps of annual OWC migration (a) and water cut (b), 1 Neftyaniye Kamni Field.

horizons of the periclinal area, but in these the gas is to appear in the gas phase. The gas is enriched by ethane, concentrated close to the crest and forms a gas caps. propane, butane, and higher-boiling hydrocarbons. As a The relationship between the oil and the gas changes consequence, the specific gravity of the gas increases and during field development, depending on the different becomes a variable value depending on the length of time of physical and geological conditions (energy state, mechanism the development and the rate of decrease in reservoir of drainage, etc.). In a single phase state the reservoir oil is pressure. either completely saturated by gas or it is unsaturated. At In the crest area the presure drops more intensively the beginning of development of the oil pools of the and further, the oil here is less compressed; therefore, the Neftyaniye Kamni Field, the degree of gas saturation of the content of methane increases from the crest toward the oil ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 MPa; the gas was dissolved in the margin of the pool and in this same direction there is a oil and separated from it only in the well bore above the decrease in the specific gravity of the gas. This is seen in the perforated interval. The high pressure existing when the example of the Podkirmakinskaya reservoir (Table 2). gas-saturated oil reservoirs were opened permitted all the Long before opening the oil pool the crestal portions gas except the methane, CO,, and a portion of the ethane to lost gas, largely methane, in larger quantities than did the be retained in solution in the oil. With the drop in pressure flanks. As a result of the redistribution of oil and gas in a resulting from draining the pool, other hydrocarbons began formation reservoir, the difference between the parts of the

43 Bulletin Houston Geolog~calSoctety. June 1993 Content, % - volume Specific Higher, Gravity Methane Ethane Propane Butane Higher g/cm3

47.4 12.6 30.3 53.3 25.3 39.4 46.4 70.4 40.0

Table 1: Composition of gas by horizon, Neftyaniye Kamnai Field. countered oil pools in the lower division of the Productive Unit. Perforated Methane, Specific Geology. During the initial period of prospecting it was interval, m % Gravity thought that the Gryazevaya Sopka was an extension of the large Neftyaniye Kamni Fold. Additional study during 1954- 68.1 0.8838 1955 caused the structural maps to be revised and dis- tinguished brachyanticlinal uplift of 68.7 0.8763 Gryazevaya Sopka. It is separated from the Neftyaniye I' Kamni structure by a small saddle (Fig. 8). 77.7 0.7781 The geologic section of the Gryazevaya Sopka Field 77.4 0.7742 has been studied extensively by deep drilling. Sediments of 85.8 0.6425 Pliocene age (Productive Unit and Pontian State) have been 80.7 0.7573 encountered and studied. The Pontian sediments are repre- sented by deep-water facies which are gray and dark gray, 1 ij 88.8 0.6678 unconsolidated, and contain thin limy clay beds. Sandy 94.3 0.5972 varieties are rare. Characteristic fossils pre,sent are Para- cypria loezyi Lal., Leptocythere praebacuana Liv., Loxo- Table 2: concha alata Schn., Loxoconcha eichwaldi Liv., other Selected gas parameters from the Podkirminskaya reser- ostracods, and pelecypods. oir, Neftyaniye Kamni Field. The sediments of the Productive Unit, where the oil pools occur, have been studied the most thoroughly. Sediments of both the upper and lower divisions have been pool should disappear with time. However, losses of encountered in this area. The base of the upper division methane at the crest and its transfer along the stratum from occurs at an average depth of 260 m, with a variation from the margin to the crest take place simultaneously, and this zero where rocks of the lower division crop out on the sea leads ultimately. to some decrease in the methane content floor to 500 m on the perpheral parts of the fold. Along the and to an increase in the specific gravity of the gas in the crest of the fold, rocks of the Kirmakinskaya and Nadkir- crestal portions of the pool. makinskaya sandy (NKP) and Nadkirmakinskaya clayey Along with successful development of the Neftyaniye (NKG) suites are observed. Kamni Field, wells are being drilled adjacent to the field. The total thickness of the lower division of the Pro- ductive Unit is 900 m on the average and ranges from 700 to The Gryazevaya Sopka Oil Field 1200 m. The productive sub-units, from oldest to youngest are described below. Location and history. The Gryazevaya Sopka (Mud The main productive formation is the Kalinskaya Suite, Volcano) Oil Field is located in the Caspian Sea to the east which rests directly on Pontian sediments and is composed of Baku and the southeast of Artyom Island (Fig. 3). The largely of clayey-sandy rocks interbedded with sands, main base for exploration and development is on the sandstones, and siltstones, with rare admixtures of gravel. Neftyaniye Kamni Field, 4 km to the southeast. The first The apparent thickness of the sandy-clayey members of the well, #22, was spudded on August 10, 1952 on the up-dip Kalinskaya Suite is about 300 m. The shales predominate area of the southwest flank of the fold, but on December 11, over the sands and constitute 60% of the total thickness of 1952, this well and its platform was destroyed by a severe the formation. In the area of the Gryazevaya Sopka Field, storm. The first production was obtained in well #20, which the Kalinskaya Suite is divided into four sandy horizons with was located in the crestal area. In subsequent years many thicknesses from 20 to 30 m, separated from one another by exploratory and producing wells were drilled, which en- thick clayey partings (Fig. 11).

Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 44 fraction): quartz - 53.3%; feldspar - 17%; rock fragments -29.6%, and glauconite - 0.1%. The heavy fraction contains the following minerals: pyrite - 14%; magnetite-ilmenite - 2%; 3hm m nonmetallic (opaque) - 13%; micas and chlorite - 8%;and glauconite - 19%. The content of limonite, garnet, zircon, tourmaline, biotite, kyanite, staurolite, and sillimanite is PK top about 1% each. The Podkirmakinskaya Suite has an average apparent thickness of 100 m and is represented by a member of gray quartz sands and sandstones with some admixed clay particles. The shale beds in the Podkirmakinskaya Suite Kas top section are few to up to 30% of the total thickness of the suite. Two separate horizons are distinguished in the Podkirmakinskaya Suite: PK, and PK,, each of which is Kas-1 represented by sandy beds containing up to 3-4 layers. These horizons are separated by shaly beds of variable thickness. The sands are poorly sorted and were de- Kas-2 termined microscopically to be fine- and medium grained. The shales are poorly bedded and are often sandy. The percentages of grain size fractions in the reservoirs are as follows: 3.25mm - 1%; 0.25 to 0.1 mm - 24.8%; 0.1 to 0.01 mm - 45.7%; <0.01 mm - 28.5%. The cementing carbonate content is about 10%. Average porosity is 20%, and per- Kas-3 meability is on the order of 100-120 millidarcies. The Kirmakinskaya Suite is a uniform unit of alternating fine-grained sands and sandstones, shales, and clayey sands with an average apparent thickness of about 300 m. This alternation extends to small-xalebedding, where the sandy Kas-4 beds are from 1 to 7 m thick. Most sandy strata occur in the middle and lower parts of the suite. The middle sandy member, with a thickness of 10-15 m, is distinguished by high resistivity on the electric log. The bottom member attains a thickness of 50 m. The light fraction of the sands contains 50% quartz, 42% feldspar, and 8% rock fragments. The heavy fraction consists of 72% pyrite, 11% mica and chlorite, 10% opaque nonmetallic minerals, and 5% glauco- nlte. The Nadkirmakinskaya sandy suite consists of medium and coarse-grained quartz sands with beds of sandstones, which are largely at the bottom. Shale beds are very rare and thin. The average apparent thickness is 35 m. The sands constitute about 70% of the total thickness of the suite. The Nadkirmakinskaya clayey suite consists largely of shales with rare thin beds of sands and siltstones. The shaliness of the section increases from the bottom toward the top. The apparent thickness of the Nadkirmakinskaya clayey suite is 125 m. The shales of Nadkirmakinskaya clayey suite are Fig. 11. Correlation of electric logs on the top of Kalinskaya Suite at the Gryazevaya Sopka Field.

The sandy horizon is represented by gray and light gray medium-grained quartz sands and sandstones with some fine-grained clayey varieties. The clayey partings are gray and light gray sandy shales. The sandy rocks of the ~echnicalwritin~and editorial services Kalinskaya Suite are characterized by varying grain sizes. from::a....::.:..: The average contents of grain-size fractions are as follows: . . gea$cience...... professional...... >0.25 mm - 6.9%; 0.25 to 0.1 mm - 27.5%; 0.1 to 0.01 mm ...... -37.2%;< 0.01 mm - 284%. The average cementing carbonate content is 14.2%, ranging from 4 to 39.4%. the average porosity is 17%with a range from 8.3 to 33.4%. Permeability is not high, being from a few to 500 millidarcies. According to a petrographic analysis, the KaS reservoirs are characterized by the following composition (light Houston (713) 773-9230

Bullerin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 dark gray and brownish gray. The sands are fine-grained, than the southwestern flank. The angle of dip of the gray, and light gray; they constitute 20% of the total southwestern flank is 35-37", and of the northeastern is thickness of the suite. 40-45" (Fig. 12a). The angle of dip of the southeast closure is The "Pereryv" Suite and the base of the Balakhanskaya about 16", and that of the northwest pericline is on the order Suite are the sediments of the upper division of the of 10-12" (Fig. 12b). The angles of dip increase with depth in Productive Unit and compose on the whole the marginal connection with an increase in thickness of individual and periclinal parts of the fold. Near the base of this series of formations on the flanks. The increase in angles of dip on sediments is distinguished a sandy marker called the "first both flanks of the structure is shown in Table 3. break". It is about 100 m thick. The "first break" is A large longitudinal fracture is oriented along the crest represented by medium- and coarse-grained sands and of the fold, and is a continuation of a regional longitudinal sandstones. fault that has been traced through the Neftyaniye Kamni The sediments of the Balakhanskaya Suite are more or and Zhiloy Island structures. Marine seismic surveys con- less fully represented on the peripheral parts of the fold firm the existence of this fault. The vent of a mud volcano where their apparent thickness reaches 400m. On the other has been observed in the vicinity of wells #75 and #79. On parts of Gryazevaya Sopka structure, only the bottom part this basis the entire area has received thename "Gryazevaya of this suite is found and its thickness is no more than 150 m. Sopka" - "Mud volcano". The Gryazevaya Sopka brachyanticlinal fold is located Field development. According to core and log data, on a regional tectonic line that extends from the Kamni the horizons of the lower division of the Productive Unit Grigorenko structure on the south-east through the Zhiloy (KaS, PK, and KS) are oil saturated; the higher horizons do Island, Azi Aslanov, Gryazevaya Sopka, Neftyaniye Kamni not contain oil (Figs. 8and 12). According to the electric log structures; it is a local uplift on this trend. The length of the the sandy oil-bearing horizons of the Kalinskaya Suite are fold is more than 6.5 km. The structural surface on the top of distinguished by peaks from 15 to 50 0hm.m and individual the Podkirmakinskaya Suite mapped according to drilling peaks reach 70 0hm.m. The SP curves are indecipherable, data is shown on Fig. 8. The crestal area takes the form of a although negative anomalies with amplitudes up to 10 mV narrow ridge, and within the 500 m structural contour the are observed opposite porous, permeable strata. The crest is 4 km long and 0.4 to 0.5 km wide. The crestal area is horizons of the Podkirmakinskaya Suite are distinguished located eccentrically with respect to the perimeter of the by an apparent resistivity from 20 to 60 0hm.m and by uplift and is close to the saddle that separates it from the negative SP anomalies. In the non-oil-bearing part of the Neftyaniye Kamni Uplift. From the southeast to the north- strata the horizons of the Podkirmakinskaya Suite are west, the crestal area constitutes about one-fourth of the marked by a resistivity of 3 to 8 Ohmem. In the Kirmakin- entire uplift. The northwest pericline makes a gentle turn to skaya Suite the bottom member has a resistivity up to the west, and the axis of the fold inscribes a curved line Ohmem and the middle up to 25 Ohm-m. The rest of the oriented on an azimuth of 100" to 135". The fold is somewhat sandy-clayey non-oil-bearing horizons have resistivity from asymmetric, as the northeastern flank of the fold is longer 1 to 5 Ohm-m. The main oil producing formation in the field is the Kalinskaya Suite. Flowing oil was obtained in wells located in the crested area and on the southwestern flank of the fold. In two wells located at the crested area, a gas influx was a obtained. Table 4 shows characteristics of the initial period of exploitation of the Kalinskaya Suite by the wells. Gas SW 122 zur+$ .v wells flowed 50,000 to 100,000 m3 per day. Comparison of electrical logs and test results indicates uneven oil saturation depending on the location of the well on the structure. The oil saturation of the Kalinskaya Suite improves markedly toward the northwestern perimeter and on the southwestern flank. The specific gravity of the oils range from 0.9208 to 0.9438, with an average value of 0.9290. The oil has a high viscosity. The viscosity was determined at 20°C only for the lightest oils. The rest of the oils do not flow

6 Fig. 12. Geologic cross-sections NW 295 80 370 SE of the Gryazevaya Sopka Field:

a -transverse; b - longitudinal.

Bulletin Houston Geological Soaety. June 1993 Suite I NE flank I SW flank NKG NKP KS PK KaS OIL AND GAS EXPLORA TION & PRODUCTION Table 3: Dip angles of strata, Gryazevaya Sopka brachyanticlinal fold.

James B. Gresham Daily Production VP Exploratlon Thomas M. Deeter Mgr. Onohore (Me~orolc)Exploratlon James D. McCuIIough Mgr. Ottohore Ex~lorallon Michael S. Young Mgr. Onohore (Gulf Coaot) Exploratlon

1000 Loulrlrnr, Sulto 2800 Houston, Toxrr 77002 (713)750-730(

Table 4: Initial production rates, Gryazevaya Sopka Field. at 20°C. Comparing the properties of the oil of the Kalinskaya Suite at the Gryazevaya Sopka Field with the oil PALEO-DATA, INC. of the same suite at the Neftyaniye Kamni Field, it is noted 6619 Fleur de Lis Drive that the oil of the Gryazevaya Sopka Field is heavier, more tarry, and more viscous; its properties are close to the New Orleans, Louisiana 701 24 properties of oil of the Zhiloy Island Field. (504) 488-3711 During the exploration phase, formation waters were recovered from horizons of the Podkirmakinskaya and the T. Wayne Campbell Kalinskaya suites. They support the oil accumulations in all Francis S. Plaisance, Jr. horizons; this accounts for the active water drive. The Arthur S. Waterman formation waters of the Gryazevaya Sopka Field are Albert F. Porter, Jr. alkaline waters of sodium bicarbonate type, class S,A,A, Michael W. Center with an absence or a very low content of sulphates (up to Norman S. Vallette 0.0008 g-eqv per 100 g of water). The average total salinity is 0.0524 to 0.0814 g-eqv. The total salinity is 22.2 g/l with a supports the range from 20.0 to 27.6 g/l. Palmer characteristics; S, = 81.5%, A, = 15.9%,A, = 2.6%. The NA/C1 ratio ranges from 1.03 to 1.5, and the Ca/Mg from 1 to 2. The average anion content (in g-eqv per 100 g of water): Na+K - 0.0308; Ca -0.0005; Mg - 0.0003. The content of naphthenic acids is 0.0007 g-eqv. The formation waters of the Gryazevaya HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL Sopka Field are more saline than the waters of the Neftyaniye Kamni Field but belong to the same type of alkaline waters. SOCIETV

Part I1 will be published in the September 1993 Bulletin.

Bullel~nHouston Geolog~calSoclety. June 1993 BUSINESS OF GEOLOGY

NEW WORLD by John A. Masters

Presented at the Joint Annual Dinner Meeting of the Houston Geological Society and the Houston Association of Petroleum Landmen February 8, 1993

Why I am up here, being passed off to you as an We can still either accept this NEW WORLD or raise out-of-town expert, may be the year's biggest joke - on me. questions about it and maybe make it come out differently. I'm the guy who collected five Exploration Vice Presidents The challenge is to find big oil. The question is: Don't from the biggest, most successful companies in the world we still have some of it here? Do we have to go to Nigeria? and drilled 20 dry holes and didn't find ZIPPO. Originally, I I ask you to join me tonight in thinking some new thought Clint wanted me to talk to you about where to look thoughts. Don't try to shoot me down. Step-by-steplogic is for new oilfields. He called me in Calgary and I thought that's the mark of an engineering mind. It does not find new what he said. Well, tonight at dinner he said, "John, we've things. You find new things with intuition and imagination. got 500people here waiting for the big expert to tell us where Einstein said, "Knowledge is not as important as imagina- not to look for oil fields." I said, "Clint, you must be kidding. I came here to tell you how to find oil." He said, "Get away, man. If we wanted to be serious we'd get a landman. We wanted a comedian for tonight." "From now on, we'll ignore the structure and stratigraphy. Just get TOC and vitrinite Well, I'm sorry, I've got this serious geological talk for reflectance." you and I'm going to tell you where to look whether Clint likes it or not.

tion." You find things by tolerating confusion, you allow a pattern to develop, you look for new relationships. Too I want to welcome you to the NEW WORLD. Gas and many of our knee-jerk responses are "it won't work" or oil prices will keep going up and down like wheat futures. A "that's already been tried". I happen to know the New York computer will plot DST recoveries from 1,000 wells in 15 cab driver who invented the term "knee-jerk". He says the minutes. From now on, we'll ignore the structure and operative word is jerk. stratigraphy. Just get TOC and vitrinite reflectance. Your Let me try out some new ideas on you tonight. Let me most important document will not be a degree. It's a be a little irreverent. Allow me even to be, God forbid, passport. Leaving for Colombia? We have a nice little two- scientifically a little incomplete. Anybody says "it won't day course for you in tai-kwon-dofortifying your hotel room, work" without going home and thinking about it - is a jerk. and explosives. How do you think of new ideas? Why are some people better at it than others? Why are some people creative and This is a different place than I grew up in - when oil was others only follow the rule books? ' $3.00 a barrel and it stayed that way. Gas was 1% - not Your ten-year-old boy gets a train set for Christmas. much different than it has been for the last six years. Foreign Some of you will read the instructions carefully, set it up exploration was something guys did in short pants and pith exactly right, and run it in a circle. Big deal. Bore the kid to helmets. They had beards. It's a different world because death. Let him grow up to be an accountant. But some of economists and corporate planners are running numbers you will look at the box with all that track and switches and that tell us where we ought to be exploring. No geologist box cars and engines and say, "To hell with the instructions, knows where these numbers come from. Most of us are so I never get 'em right anyway" and your wife says "here we go bewildered, we face such a drum fire of negativism about no again" and you put it together with your kid and he gets to oil left in the U.S., that we just meekly fill out a passport put in some of the pieces and together you hook it up and application and wait for our assignment. you let him throw the switch and ZIPPO the train takes off

Bulletm Houston Geolog~calSoclety, June 1993 like a Mercedes and Junior just manages to toot the whistle You all know the familiar situation where a lot of before it goes off the edge of the table because you didn't geologists in your company know how to do it but they link the track in a circle like it said and CRA-A-A-A-SHonto don't know where to do it. They can't make out the big the floor he's so excited and you have another great picture. See the proportions. If they're working in the Frio Christmas. He grows up to be an exploration manager Trend they are very good at it but picking a better place to where he gets to put his ass on the line 20 times a year. be is not part of their skill set. Some people in this room are like the first guy - all the Landmen are divided up the same way. Most know how to do it. Only a few know where to do it or when to time - and some people are like the second guy - all the time. do it. Dave Kingston was one of Exxon's famous Rover Our brains are divided into two hemispheres - the left Boys. He said, "We divided our guys into two groups: Some and the right. Check the nose. Now you see which side is left- had new ideas and some didn't." and right. - - The left does our sequential, logical thinking, compu- "You reach some people with numbers, others tation, categorizing, defining, reading instructions. It goes step by step like a computer. If one step is missing it shorts with generalities. Some with facts, some with out. The left side applies words to everything we do, hope." considers time, organizes, catalogues, performs. The left side does things. It does them to a certain standard, it follows rules, it sets goals. If the left side of the brain is One lesson is clear: Some of us do certain things well dominant it makes engineers, doctors, lawyers, account- and others do other things. It is a useful practice to ants, supervisors, clerks and some proportion of our understand what a colleague does well and then don't try to geologists. make water run uphill. Landmen: You should understand the people who are sitting across the table. Some of them It always sets the track up in a circle. These are good hear what you're saying, some don't. You reach some guys. Never get on a train without one. people with numbers, others with generalities. Some with facts, some with hope. The right side is kind of fuzzy. It sees shapes, propor- tions, patterns. It doesn't move step by step. It can hop. Right-brain creativity is pretty important right now Sometimes it can leap. It is intuitive, holistic, imaginative. It because our oil industry, the career that I and all of you have synthesizes the trees into a forest, continents into plates, oil committed ourselves to, has a widely held belief that we, the fields into a trend or a province or a structural type. It people in this room, can't find big oil fields in the U.S. recognizes the big picture. The right side works largely at anymore. the subconscious level, sometimes over a very long time period then suddenly flashes a new pattern of data, a new The reason I agreed to come down to Houston and talk arrangement of previously unconnected facts, into the is that I perceive the main reason management is getting to famous Eureka phenomenon - the "flash of genius" - the you is you're short of right brain ideas. Wallace Pratt, one of "light bulb" effect. If the right brain is dominant it makes our profession's recognized geniuses, said, "Oil is found first artists, Walt Disney movies, Walkmans, architects, the best in the minds of men." He also said, "When we run out of exploration geologists, and successful entrepreneurs. ideas we will think we have run out of oil." We have a challenge, ladies and gentlemen, and we are If you get on a train with one of these guys you may go not meeting it. We spend way too much time analyzing old to the moon. data in old trends. The management is right. There aren't any more big fields there. What is left certainly doesn't Everyone has a right brain and a left brain. They are justify 5,000 geologists in Houston. We've picked it over wired up to work together. But almost everyone has right pretty good. The exploration record of most of our com- side or left side preference just like we are left-handed or panies is so poor that in the U.S. they are in blowdown, right-handed. Hence, most of us are pre-destined by our depleting their old reserves and failing, year after year, to genetic brain development as well as our training to be replace them. either left-brained computer-doers or right-brained dreamers. Our salvation does not lie in doing better in the same old places. The Frio and the Miocene and Pliocene are dying Let me show you an example. Four trees along a street. ducks. Some of you can still do OK, but don't shoot at me Which is the biggest? That's easy. The one on the right. with exceptions. I am talking about the big picture and I say Your left brain figured that out because it's seen hundreds of the Gulf has had its day. The deep Gulf is a whole different perspective pictures. But you're a little uneasy about it animal, on a different time frame -and with economics like because something tells you it's a trick. The right brain the Iraq War. 1 say the shelf of the Gulf, which has sustained intuits something but can rarely overrule the logic, left side the whole industry for 40 years, is dying. of the brain. We need to get out of there if we are to find big oil. Turn it over. You are not aware of the perspective any Where else can we go? Levorsen said 50 years ago, "We more. The logic side shuts off. The right brain sees the must think in terms of big geology if we are to be assured of proportions instantly and says the right and left trees are the big results." Levorsen was a great right-brainer. same - exactly the same. Continued on page 60

49 Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS

OIL AND GAS FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY* by .Marcus E. Milling

The US. oil and gas industry continued to downsize in Economic Geology at the University of Texas, and the 1992. Major international companies reduced research and National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research. development staffs and consolidated exploration and pro- DOE'S Energy Information Administration estimates that duction staffs. Most of their upstream operations are being about'25 billion barrels of oil remain as proven reserves in refocused on overseas ventures. On average, 70 percent of known U.S. fields. The new DOEstudy reports that, at $27 a the upstream budgets of major companies are being dedi- barrel or less and with advanced technology, the remaining cated to foreign operations. At the same time, more independent oil and gas producers were forced to close their offices in 1992, or at best they attempted to maintain the status quo due to unfavorable economic conditions, uncertain environmental regulations, and tax disincentives. As a result, the average daily rig count dropped below 700in ... our domestic recoverable oil resource could be 1992, ... accelerating reduction of domestic oil production. from four to eight times greater than the currently In the six years since the initial decline of oil prices, more accepted estimates of proven reserves. than 400,000jobs have been lost in the oil and gas industry - more than in the automobile and steel industries combined. Many job losses were in ranks of geoscience professionals.

The decline of the U.S. oil and gas industry continues recoverable domestic crude oil resource base could range unabated despite the fact that the nation's primary energy from 99 to 204 billion barrels. Contrary to widely held needs must be met by oil, gas, and coal resources well into beliefs, the study predicts that a significant volume of oil the 21st century. The breakdown of the domestic energy remains to be found in new domestic fields in the Lower 48 infrastructure threatens our economic security, inter- States and Alaska. Specifically, the study estimates that 43 national competitiveness, and standard of living. In the last to 90 billion barrels of the increased oil potential could come year the United States imported more than six million from yet-to-bediscovered stratigraphic and structural traps. barrels of oil a day, which accounted for 47 percent of our Another 31 to 89 billion barrels of oil could come from the daily consumption. The majority of imports came from re-exploration of existing fieldsby producing oil from deeper potentially unreliable suppliers half a world away - costing zones or locating pockets of oil untapped by existing field billions of dollars to defend. In 1992 alone, the cost of wells. On the other hand, at the current price of $20a barrel importing foreign oil was $50 billion and accounted for and using only today's technology, the DOE report esti- nearly 50 percent of our trade deficit. Based on current mates ultimate remaining recoverable oil resources at projections, the cost of crude oil imports by the year 2000 around 99 million barrels. will be over $100 billion a year. What must we do to realize the full benefits of our This is not the way it has to be. Based on a number of natural energy resource endowment? The United States studies, the remaining domestic fossil-fuel resource base is must reverse its dependency on artifically low fuel prices adequate to stabilize foreign crude oil imports and meet our and provide appropriate incentives to producers to stimu- energy needs for the next 40 to 50 years. According to a late exploration and development drilling. The current $1.25 recently released U.S. Department of Energy study, "An a gallon is essentially the same price, in real dollars, that we Assessment of the Oil Resource Base of the United States," paid for gasoline in pre-embargo days of the early 1970s. In our domestic recoverable oil resource could be from four to the United States we pay more for bottled "spring water" eight times greater than the currently accepted estimates of than we do for oil. More specifically enacting the following proven reserves. The report was developed by a group of recommendations would reduce our dependence on foreign leading oil and gas experts and coordinated by the Bureau of crude-oil imports and allow the nation to benefit from increased access to our remaining domestic oil and gas *Reprinted with permission from Geotirnes, March 1993. resources.

Bulletin Houmton Geologicsl Society, June 1883 Reduce tax disincentives and replace them with innovative energy tax measures to stimulate investment in LLOG EXPLORATION COMPANY the upstream domestic oil and gas industry. For example, I I producer tax incentives are necessary for increased 433 Metairie Road research, development, and application of advanced tech- Suite 600 nologies required for discovery of new oil and improved Metairie, Louisiana 70005 recovery of oil from existing fields. Such research and development tax credits would provide incentives for expanding exploration and development drilling. LLOG Exploration Company, an aggressive privately owned independent oil company, is Set a floor price for domestic oil and gas or an import actively seeking South fee at $25 a barrel equivalent and indexed to inflation. By stablizing product prices in the marketplace, the required Louisiana, onshore and state investment capital can be raised by independent producers waters drilling prospects. LLOG to expand domestic oil and gas operations. Historically, pursues close in, non-pipe independents drill more than 80 percent of the oil and gas plays with strong subsurface wells in the United States. If the domestic industry is to be control. LLOG Exploration is revitalized, they must be able to secure financial support for also seeking proc?ucing expanded drilling operations. properties with development drilling potential. We drilled Adopt more reasonable policies to improve access to 15 wells in 1992 and are federal lands for environmentally responsive oil and gas interested in drilling 15 to 20 operators. Currently, more than 60 percent of the federal wells in 1993. onshore lands are off-limits to energy exploration, and upwards of 75 percent of the offshore continental shelf is closed to oil and gas drilling. Except for the central and western Gulf of Mexico and limited areas along the Southern 1 Contact: Jim Zotkiewicz California coast, most of the outer continental shelf is off- limits to exploration.

Develop and apply balanced federal and state environmental policies and regulations. Retain the present state-based regulatory program for oil- and gas-exploration and production wastes, and ensure that the present federal policy that exempts such wastes from designation as hazardous wastes is retained under the Resource Conser- vation and Recovery Act. Issues surrounding RCRA regu- lations must be resolved to remove the uncertainties that are delaying exploration and production operations.

Increase incentives for conservation of energy resources. Higher prices for energy would make it more expensive to drive large cars and live in energy-inefficient houses. Increasing fuel-efficiency standards could save millions of barrels of oil a day. Also, legislation is needed to encourage substitution of other fuels, such as natural gas, for transportation uses.

The remaining U.S. oil and gas resource base is finite but is capable of sustaining and stabilizing domestic produc- tion at current levels for the next 50 years. To achieve this goal we must provide incentives for developing and applying advanced discovery and recovery technologies in con- junction with balanced tax and environmental policies and implement more stringent conservation measures. Deep thinking. Top results.

Opinions and conclusions expressed on this page by 2950 North Loop West, Suite 300 the authors are their own and not those of the Houston, Texas 77092 (713) 688-628 1 American Geological Institute, its staff, or its member societies.

5 1 Bullet~nHouston Geological Soc~ety.June 1993 -- EXPLORATION ACTIVZTY REVIE W

By Bill Eisenhardt Consultant, Geol. Representative-Geomap Co.

National Rig Caunt: April 24-608; Year Ago-623 Gulf of Mexico Rig Count: 112

GULF COAST Operating in the extreme northern corner of Jackson Texas County. The #1 Hancock is 1j/2 miles east of Frio production Sanchez-OIBrien's #2 USA-1 will attempt to extend at Wayside Field, and flowed 3,395 MCFGPD (6,667 production at Bob West Field, in extreme southwestern MCFGPD-AOF) from perfs 3810-20'. Top Yegua structure Starr County, in a southwesterly direction. Scheduled for a here is regional southeast dip. sidetracked depth of 16,200' under Falcon Reservoir, the About 4 miles south, Anadarko Petroleum has com- outpost will target deep Wilcox sands downthrown to large pleted its #1 Stafford as a Yegua gas discovery flowing 4,474 down-to-the-east faults. Good sand development in the MCFGPD through perfs 6556-71'. Nearest Yegua pro- deeper Wilcox is indicated in wells to the south. Both duction is at Lost Fork Field, 3 213 miles northeast. Sanchez-O'Brien and Coastal Oil & Gas are currently Surrounded by shallow Frio gas wells, the new discovery developing and extending deeper Wilcox production around appears to be on irregular southeast dip at the Vicksburg Bob West Field. horizon. Farther east, in south-central Hidalgo County, Fina Union Oil of California and Anadarko Petroleum have Oil and Gas is continuing to drill deep Frio wells in the announced a Yegua gas discovery at their #1 ARC0 Fee, McAllen Field area. Its #52 McAllen Fieldwide Unit has about 2 '/4 miles southwest of Yegua gas production at reached TD at 10,920' and is testing Frio sands which lie in Hathaway Southeast Fieldin southeastern Liberty County. the downthrown block of a large down-to-the-east fault. Flow rate was 5.3 MMCFGPD and 103 BCPD through perfs Well developed and fairly thick Frio sands are present in the 11,812-921'(0A). At the top Yegua horizon the new find Hamon #1 Beamsley, a Frio gas well approximately one mile appears to spot on the extreme south flank of the faulted northeast. Infill drilling of these major Frio and Vicksburg Hathaway Field structure, downthrown to a regional north- fields along the Gulf coast should result in the discovery of east-southwest trending down-to-the-basinfault. numerous new reservoirs. Genesis Producing has staked two 2700' wildcats one mile north of Olmos and San Miguel gas production at South Louisiana Plumly Fieid in western Zavala County. The #1 Pescado SONAT Exploration has completed its #2-A(ST) and the #1 Chittim will be evaluating Olmos and San SONAT Minerals as an Austin Chalk oil well and a Miguel sands logged between 1680-197Uand2250-2510'in northwestward extension of North Bayou Jack Field in the dry Holloway Dynamics #1 Mann about 1300'southeast southern Avoyelles Parish. Flow rate was 284 BOPD and of the #1 Pescado location. At the Olmos horizon the two 128 MCFGPD from a productive interval at 14,167- wildcats spot on the northeast flank of a southeast plunging 18,390'MD. Initial drilling was begun at the # 1-A SONAT structural nose. which was J&A at 4716'. After skidding the rig to drill the In southeastern Dimmit County, Lightning Oil is #2-A(0H)and missing the objective, SONAT sidetracked at waiting on completion tools at its #1-91 Light Minerals, one 14,450' to the final bottom hole location. The #2-A(ST)has a mile southeast of the one-well Light Ranch Field. TD is 7166' horizontal displacement of 3547'. Structure at the Lower in the Taylor. The Lightning #1-85 Light Minerals, dis- Tuscaloosa horizon is regional south/southwest dip. covery well for Light Ranch Field, flowed 8 BOPD and 7 Farther east, in extreme eastern West Feliciana MCFGPD from the Olmos at 5730-36'. The operator Parish, 3-T Exploration has completed the #1 Drury as a recently staked the #3-107 Light Minerals about 1 H miles Miocene gas well and possible new field discovery just over northeast with a projected TD of 7200', also in the Taylor. a mile southwest of Southwest Mt. Common Church Field. Structure at the top Olmos appears to besoutheast regional Flow rate was 335 MCFGPD through perfs 2798.2-99.7'. dip with broad local nosing. Shallow gas has been produced from massive sands in the IP Petroleum has completed the #1 IPPIEdge, et al Lay Miocene and Oligocene in the area. Wilcox structure here is as a new Wilcox discovery in southern Live Oak County. south regional dip with broad local nosing. Location is 12 miles southeast of George West in an area of Offshore southeastern Louisiana, Davis Petroleum has numerous Jackson and Yegua fields. Flow rate was 2,540 opened Chandeleur Sound Area-Block 32 Field at its #1 SL MCFGPD (62,500 MCFGPD-AOF) through perfs 13,538- 14055. Located about 3 j/2 miles north of Chandeleur Sound 560'. At the top Wilcox horizon the new producer spots Area-Block 35 Field, the new discovery flowed 3,644 near the crest of a large faulted anticline. MCFGPD through perfs 7122-96' in a reported Tex W A new Frio discovery has been completed by EP sand (Middle Miocene).

Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 52 MESOZOIC TREND downthrown to a down-to-the-northwestregional fault. East Texas Farther east, in southern Lafayette County, Swift Locations have been staked for three wildcats targeting Energy has staked a 12,500' Smackover wildcat 2 miles three different primary pays in southern and eastern Leon north of Cotton Valley and Haynesville production at County. In southern Leon County, Murphy H. Baxter will Arkana Field. The #1 Hamill-Gildon is also 1 '/2 miles north of drill the #1 Nash to 8000' to evaluate the Woodbine 2 '/, the Marathon #1 Taylor which recently extended Arkana miles southwest of substantial Sub-Clarksville production at Field to the north, flowing 242 BOPD and 220 MCFGPD Leona Field. Base Austin Chalk structure here is southeast through Smackover perfs 11,336-416'(0A). At the Smack- regional dip with broad local nosing. over horizon the new test spots on west dip immediately In eastern Leon County, Art Machin &Associates has upthrown to the large down-to-the-south regional fault scheduled an 11,000' Pettet wildcat 2 3/4 miles northeast of which influences production at Lake Erling Field 4 miles Glen Rose production at Alabama Ferry Field. The #1 east. Crawford is 1%miles northwest of an 11,120'dry Pettet test, the Sierra #1 Grannie Fannie Trust. At the Pettet horizon Mississippi - Alabama the wildcat appears to be located in a north-south re-entrant In central Clarke County, Mississippi, the Germany between two structural highs. The same operator has also Operating #I Rudder 29-4 wildcat, 1 2/3 miles northeast of staked a 9530' Glen Rose attempt 1 '/2 miles north of Glen Wash-Fred and Paluxy oil production at Davis Field, is Rose productive Eileen Sullivan Field. The #1 Hubbard currently shut in waiting on surface equipment. The poten- Heirs appears to be located on the distal southeast flank of tial new discovery tested Cotton Valley perfs 9265-72', the large faulted anticline upon which Buffalo South, Buffalo swabbing heavy oil; 9246-54', swabbing 14 BOPD; and 922 1- SE, Centerville and Centerville East fields are situated. 40'(OA), flowing an undisclosed amount of oil.. Additional A pair of Smackover wildcats are currently drilling shows were logged in numerous Hosston and Cotton Valley near the Rains-Wood county line. The Phillips Petroleum sands between 8455' and 9336'. At the Eutaw horizon the #1 Huddleston (being drilled tite) was last reported below wildcat spots on a pronounced southwest plunging nose 5400' with a projected 15,600' TD. Drillsite is about 4000' along regional dip. south of Smackover production at Bright Star Field in Norcen Explorer has reached TD at 17,628' at the #1 extreme eastern Rains County. At the Smackover horizon Masonite Corp. 2-5, a projected Cotton Valley test 3 miles the new venture spots on the southeast flank of a steep northwest of predominantly Hosston production at Ellisville faulted anticline, fault-separated from and downthrown to Junction Field in south-central Jones County. Ovett Field, the Bright Star Field producers. farther southeast, produces principally from the Eutaw and Across the county line in northwestern Wood County, Tuscaloosa. The Cotton Valley has not been found pro- Helmerich & Payne is drilling below 1500' at the #l Deel, ductive anywhere in the region. At the base Ferry Lake scheduled for a 14,500' TD. Located one mile southwest of horizon the wildcat spots on the north flank of a inoderate Smackover production at the two-well Gamblin North anticline. Field, the wildcat spotson steep southeast dip near the crest Hughes Eastern Corporation is drilling ahead below of the same graben-faulted salt structure upon which 13,800'at its #1 Boykin 24-9, a scheduled 17,000' Norphlet Gamblin North is situated. test in extreme western Washington County, Alabama. Delaware Davis Petroleum will drill a horizontal Austin Drillsite is about midway between Smackover productive Chalk test in western Sabine County, 8 miles northeast of Red Creek Field and Smackover/Norphlet production at nearest Austin Chalk production at Pineland West Field. Copeland Field. At the Smackover horizon the wildcat The Saratoga Chalk is productive to the southeast in spots in a shallow saddle on the same north-south anticlinal Pineland and Hemphill Fields. The #1 ARC0 Fee A-410 is ridge as Red Creek and Copeland Fields. scheduled to 6465'TVD with a proposed 3500' lateral to a Continued on page 64 BHL south/southeast of the surface location. Structure at the base Austin Chalk is south regional dip. North Louisiana - South Arkansas Craft Petroleum has staked an 8200' Tuscaloosa wildcat in extreme western Tensas Parish, 3 '/2 miles Wooley Expl oration, Inc northwest of Lower Tuscaloosa production at Lake For- mosa Field. The #1 Chicago Mill & Lumber is about 2000' northwest of a 1990 Tuscaloosa test abandoned as non- Offers Bonus plus ORRI for productive by Oryx Energy after swabbing 40 BO and 41 open acreage Prospect/Ideas BW from the Tuscaloosa at 8061-76'. At the top Lower in Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast Cretaceous horizon the new venture spots on regional southeast dip and slightly updip from the Oryx test. In southwestern Miller County, Arkansas, Jeems Prospects should be at least 50 BCFG Bayou Production will drill a 4100' Tuscaloosa test 2 '/2 or 5 MMBO with some seismic support, miles southeast of Bloomsburg SE Field and 10 miles prefer normal pressure and shows southwest of nearest Tuscaloosa production at West Fouke Field. The #1 Dodd is a 100' southwest offset to Samedan's #1 Dodd which logged a slightly resistive Upper Tuscaloosa sand but reported no cores, tests or shows. The wildcat spots on the north flank of a northeast plunging nose

53 Bullem Houston Geological Society. June 1993 BOOK REVIEWS

THE BUSINESS OF PETROLEUM "Estimating Prospect Size" and "Chance of Success and Its EXPLORATION, TREATISE OF Use in Petroleum Exploration," by Robert Megill and Peter PETROLEUM GEOLOGY SERIES, Rose, respectively, provide additional analytic approaches HANDBOOK OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY to risk issues. Rose's discussion on risk behavior, especially risk aversion, is thought-provoking. "Selecting and Assess- Edited by Richard Steinmetz (1992), Published by ing Plays" by David White shows a methodology for The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, assessing play, and ultimately prospect potential, using Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A. 74101. statistical distributions and interpretations of field sizes, success ratios, and geological thought. For those who are concerned with the economic Several years ago, an oil company economist returned evaluation of hydrocarbon deposits, the articles in the third to his office after meeting with a group of explorationists. section provide a thorough review on the mechanics of "What a bunch of glueheads!" he said, "those people don't financial analysis for exploration and development oppor- understand the first thing about business!" Upon further tunities (Megill and Roebuck). This section is enhanced by discussion, it was learned that the exploration team with the presentation of PC software economic models (Ster- whom this economist had met wanted to pursue a high risk mole) 'and an excellent discussion of oil and gas property play in a frontier basin. "This basin has tremendous evaluation (Wiggins) written from the perspective of an resource potential!", argued the geoscientists, but according investor. Meador's paper on databases is informative, but to the economist. the cost of a 250-mile .~i~eline . across a does seem to be a bit out of lace in this section. mountain range and the inherent risky nature of the play The eight papers in the fourth section of the book, made this project unattractive. Unfortunately, stories like "Managing the Business", deal with organizational, predic- this have been repeated in many other companies. In some tive, personnel, cultural, budgeting, financial, and presenta- cases, the "economics" of a prospect or trend are consider- tion issues. A "management blueprint" involving mission, ed only after months have been spent delineating one or goals, strategies, and performance milestones is presented more targets. Even many independent geologists, whose in the first paper (St. John). The second paper focuses on livelihood depends upon selling the next deal, could benefit the importance of "human capital7'.According to the author from a greater awareness of the economic principles that (Downey), "it is the leveraging of risk capital by human guide our business. All of these problems point to the need intelligence and innovation that yields extraordinary profits for greater communication and understanding between geo- from exploration successes." Wantland's paper on fostering scientists and those who are responsible for analyzing and creative environments and leading creative people should makins the investment decisions. be required reading for all technical managers. Statistical ~lhisproblem is exacerbated by the limited approaches to trend analysis and their importance in giving number of papers and books in the geological literature the explorationist a "reality check" is discussed in a paper dealing with the economic side of the exploration business. by Smith and Jones. Jones' paper on budgeting for annual The Business of Petroleum Exploration, recently pub- exploration expenditures discusses the necessary steps one lished by the AAPG, is a compilation of 28 business papers must go through to complete the budgeting process and that provides the petroleum professional with a source of methods that can be used during this process. The next relevant business topics to consider. The book is divided three papers focus on issues most relevant to the indepen- into five parts, each containing four to eight papers. Each dent geologist, "Funding Oil and Gas Ventures," part addresses a major business topic: Overview of the (Billingsley), "Putting a Deal Together" (Wadsworth), and Business, Nature of the Business, Economic Aspects of the "Enhancement Techniques for Prospect Presentations" Business, Managing the Business, and Legal, Political, (Ehinger). They are well-written and are worth reading even Ethical, and Environmental Aspects of the Business. for those geologists who are working within a corporate The first section of the book, "Overview of the environment. Business", contains four papers, including an Introduction "Legal, Political, Ethical and Environmental Aspects of by Richard Steinmetz, a review of basic economic concepts, the Business", the fifth and last section of the book, has six done in easy to understand terms, (Donald R. Jones), the interesting papers. The first three offer an overview of legal exploration business (John Lorenz), and the history of issues, both domestic and international. "Basic Oil and Gas exploration expenditures in the U.S. (Robert E. Megill). Law in the United States" (Katz) is an outstanding review of The second section, entitled "Nature of the Business", the basic concepts and principles that underline domestic starts with an excellent paper by Ed Capen on uncertainty in oil and gas law. Katz's second paper, "Types of International exploration. Mr. Capen discusses how uncertainty and risk Petroleum Contracts: Their History and Development," will can be applied in exploration and uses many examples to provide the geologist who has not had much experience in illustrate his points. Capen's paper provides the best written international work an excellent review on international explanation of risk and uncertainty in exploration that this contracts. Moran's paper on the "Analysis of International reviewer has ever seen published. The next two papers, Oil and Gas Contracts" is for the explorationist who is

Bulletln Houston Geolog~calSociety, June 1993 54 concerned about contract terms and profitability in inter- national settings. A paper by Bertagne, "International Exploration by Independents", provides a checklist of the items which one must address prior to engaging in inter- national exploration ventures. I was very happy to see 333 Texas Street, Sulte 1500 Spoelhof's paper on "Ethics in the Business of Petroleum Shreveport, Loulslana 71 101 Exploration", included in the book. The section on "typical scenarios" of difficult ethical situations forces one to think 124 Heymann Boulevard, Sulte 103 introspectively about his or her possible responses. The last Lafayette, Loulslana 70503 paper, "The Environmental Realities of Petroleum Explo- ration," (Marsh) gives a strong overview of environmental Activeiy seeking well documented exploration considerations facing the industry now and in the future. I and development prospects in the Gulf Coast would have liked to see an accompanying paper discussing Region. Prospect Ideas Preferred. these same issues from an international perspective. I would highly recommend this book to any Contact: Robert E. (Bob) Osborne, II geoscientist who wishes to learn more about the exploration business. Because of the wide variety of Systems Tracts - a sedimentologic view", "Carbonates topics covered in the book, I believe that even the versus Siliciclastics in Sequence Stratigraphy", "Alterna- most experienced professional working for either a tives to Eustasy in Sequence Control", and "Conclusions". major or as a consultant would find this book to be an The first three chapters are aimed at the nonspecialist, and important reference. One weakness in the book, freely are designed to bring such a person up to speed on admitted by the author in the introduction, is the lack of a carbonate sedimentology so that he or she can follow the chapter on strategic issues facing the petroleum business, arguments in the rest of the book. I think this section will be especially in the international arena, but perhaps this can be adequate for review, but not for someone who has never addressed in a second volume. All the papers were generally studied the subject. The fourth through sixth chapters are well written, edited and researched. The figures are clear the meat of the book, and this is where Schlager discusses and concise. One aspect of this book that I really like is that the relationships between sea-level change, carbonate most of the papers are written by authors who have stratigraphy, and other factors that affect carbonate experienced the oil business in the real world, thus adding a deposition, such as temperature, light intensity, nutrient realistic flavor that is not commonly found in most business levels in the water, biotic evolution, early cementation, and school textbooks. As the realities of business continue to formation of wave-resistant reefs. reshape the oil industry, I think it is imperative that Of course there are a few minor problems. At one point geoscientists take a more assertive role in understanding Schlager implies that - hardgrounds are available nearly the business side of petroleum. This book is a real bargain everywhere in the marine environment where carbonate for the price and will provide an excellent business reference sedimentation is interrupted by wave- and current activity. I to any petroleum geoscientist. think this is an exaggeration. A couple of figures are Reviewed by GEORGE KRONMAN incompletely labeled or hard to read. Figure 1-5is the worst Amoco Production Company offender: like most maps of coral-reef distribution, this one is nearly indecipherable. Schlager tends to confound pro- cesses and products, and platforms are treated rather anthropomorphically in spots. I noted only 9 typographical SEDIMENTOLOGY AND SEQUENCE and grammatical errors. STRATIGRAPHY OF REEFS AND Schlager does not mention that the concepts of CARBONATE PLATFORMS sequence-stratigraphy were derived from study of passive margins and they were never really intended to be used in by Wolfgang Schlager, 1992; other settings. He does point out, correctly, that many have AAPG Continuing Education Course Note Series, tried to use them in a variety of settings in which they don't No. 34, AAPG, P.O. Box 979, Tulsa, OK 74101-0979; . work, and he provides numerous examples. He does make 71 pages; softbound; ISBN 0-89181-183-4. the important point, after a long series of "problem" This book is a cool and informed look at the controls of examples, that the peculiar biological and chemical carbonate sedimentology and stratigraphy, and how they characteristics of carbonate successions causes them to relate to the classical sequence-stratigraphy models. react quite differently from siliciclastics to sea-level change. Schlager has, with great concision, summarized how and One of the more spectacular differences is the drowning of why carbonates respond differently to sea-levelchange than rimmed platforms by rapidly rising sea level, which creates a do siliciclastics. Also, Schlager disputes the validity of the stratigraphic signature similar to a sequence boundary in a sequence-stratigraphic assumption that changes in rates of siliciclastic succession. Schlager provides some criteria for sedimentation are nearly always negligible when compared distinguishing drowned platforms from true sequence to rates of sea-level change. This is a very good book, and boundaries in carbonate successions, and points out that should be read by all stratigraphers, not only carbonate carbonates require more "ground truth" than siliciclastics in specialists. sequence stratigraphy just as they do in well-log analysis. There are seven chapters: "Principles Of Carbonate DAVID C. KOPASKA-MERKEL Sedimentation", "The Standard Facies Belts", "Rhythms Geological Survey of Alabama and Events in Carbonate Deposition", "Sequences dnd Tuscaloosa, Alabama

5 5 Bulletin Houston Geological Society. June 1993 Llano Uplift, continued from page 23

Figure 4 . View northward of "flower structure" formed by N20W fractures in the northwest corner of the Dow Quarry. Pasture exposures of these fracture slices are easily mistaken for. vertical bedding.

t

Figure 5 - suggested south-to-north, dominant thrust direction during the Ouachita Orogeny. The Llano Uplift, Kerr Basin, and Devils River Uplift (DRU) may have been relatively small, discrete blocks that moved more or less independently of each other.

Bulletin Houston Geological Society, June 1993 56 the Waco Uplift. For example, Nicholas and Waddell (1989, p. 664) state that the Waco Uplift is "presumably bounded on the west side by a major fault system on unknown geometry and translation" (emphasis added). NORCEN EXPLORER, INC. Second, the Llano Uplift may be one of several discrete blocks (including the Kerr Basin, Devils River Uplift, and San Marcos Arch) whose pre-Pennsylvanian position was 200 WestLake Park Blvd., Suite 800 significantly different from that today (cf. Viele and Thomas, Houston, Texas 77079 1989, p. 722-723, Figure 19). Third, it is tempting to reconstruct the pre-faulting geometry of outcropping rocks (713) 558-661 1 in the Llano Uplift based on the strike-slip hypothesis. A serious attempt would require detailed consideration of strikes and dips in sedimentary rocks, compositions of ,Byron F. Dyer igneous and metamorphic rocks, and use of all available subsurface information. Actual lateral displacement may have been only tens to hundreds of meters on each fault. I CROSBIE-MACOMBER Nevertheless, examination of the Brownwood and Llano Pabaddogluf Ldwalory, lno. Sheets of the Atlas of Texas (Barnes, 1976,1981) suggests 2705 Dlvbkm St., SUMO 4. Malahh. U 7COOZ that, for example, restoration of the Ellenburger outcrops at (Sod) 885-3930 A-A' (Figure 1) indicates about 20 km of right-lateral Wm. A. B:antlmy, J:. Thommr Y. Rollly displacement; the Cambrian outscops at B-B' about 13 km W. 0:mt Ilmck #:Ion R. mmw of right-lateral displacement; and the Town Mountain/- @ "Younger Granite" contacts at C-C' about 6.5 km of right- PIanRlkBanlhk Foramlnlon lateral displacement. Cakuoous Nanndoasih Computerized dale format "CHECKLIST" Recent work on the Precambrian geology of the Llano baphk Rongo Cbfl D.pldlng: Uplift (Wilkerson, et al, 1988) has demonstrated that these Squonco Boundarks Condonred Sadlma rocks are much more complex than had been believed Strlplog Depleting: previously (e.g., Paige, 1912; Clabaugh and McGehee 1972). Rohllvo AbundamaJSamplo In fact, the "oldest" metamorphic rocks (Valley Springs SandlShala Ralbr PIanMk/Benlhlc Ralhm Gneiss) may be the youngest (Walker, 1992).Restoration of Faunal and FlaJ Oivsnlty Ompha major blocks to pre-faulting positions should simplify the complex pattern of pre-Paleozoic geology. THE GEOMAP" COMPANIES Fourth, the presence of relict fining-upward deposi- tional sequences in Threadgill Dolomite, and of coarsely 33 Years of Service crystalline dolomite blocks in mid-Pennsylvanian fault brec- (/ Geological Maps Throughout U.S. cia~together with finely-crystallinedolomite and chert that OEOMAPQb BCOMPANY (/ Base Maps Starting @ $35 preserve peritidal features, indicates pervasive pre-Pen- (/ Library Network * nsylvanian dolomitization (cf. Kupecz, et al., 1988; Land, (/ Microfiche Logs (/ CIS Products & Services Including 1985). Saddle dolomite that lines tectonic fracture voids Field Maps and Custom Mapping clearly postdates the mid-Pennsylvanian faulting, and may be related to fluid flow during burial by Ouachita-facies GEOMASTERS (/ Digital Data Files sediments and the compaction and de-watering of these Paleo & Sand Counts Offshore 1 Onshore, TX & LA sediments. The analogy to alteration of Ordovician rocks Correlation Tops within the Mississippi Valley lead-zinc District (Leach and Austin Chalk & Williston Basin Rowan, 1986)is evident. Nevertheless, "minor occurrences of lead and zinc southeast of the Llano area" (Land, et al., 1991, p. 109) are minor indeed. The absence of commercial metal deposits within the "Central Mineral Region", Jim Bowie's Lost Mine notwithstanding, suggests strongly that the analogy between central Texas and the mid-continent should not be pushed too far. Fifth, the preservation of abundant open fracture voids since the mid-Pennsylvanian, and the absence of vertical stylolites in Ellenburger Dolomite, indicates that the Llano Uplift was not subjected to significant horizontal compres- sion after the period of major faulting. Whether the com- Call for product availability pression was west- or north-directed, it stopped after in your area of interest. shearing the crust into a myriad of blocks but before any Toll Free 1-800-527-2626 shortening by pressure solution. Long-lived open fracture Plano, Texas Houston, Texas Midland, Texas voids at the surface provide some hope for similar, fracture- (214) 578-057 1 (713) 520-8989 (915) 682-3787 controlled porosity in the nearby subsurface, even where lower to middle Paleozoic karst features are absent.

Bullet~nHouston Geological Society, June 1993 Acknowledgements Kupecz, J. A., Kerans, C., and Land, L. S., 1988, Deep- We greatly appreciate the thoughtful review given a burial dolomitization in the Ordovician Ellenburger draft of this paper by W. R. Muehlberger and P. W. Group carbonates, West Texas and Southeastern New Dickerson. We 'are also grateful for the enthusiastic - and Mexico - Discussion: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, critical - response to our poster paper by participants of the vol. 58, no. 5, p. 908-918. 1991 Meeting of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Land, L. S., 1985, The origin of massive dolomite: Journal of Societies. Geological Education, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 112-125. ~eferences , Gao, G., and Kupecz, J. A., Diagenetic history of Amsbury, D. L., and Haenggi, W. T., 1991, Middle Pen- the Arbuckle Group, Slick Hills, Southwestern Okla- nsylvanian strike-slip faulting on the eastern edge of the homa: A petrographic and geochemical summary, and Llano uplift, central Texas: Gulf Coast Association of comparison with the Ellenburger Group, Texas: in K. S. Geological Societies, Transactions vol. 41, p. 11. Johnson, Ed., Arbuckle Group Core Workshop and Field Trip, Oklahoma Geological Survey Special Pub- , and,1992, Detrital dolomite in tectonic lication 91-3, p. 103-110. fracture voids, Burnet County, Texas: 1992 Abstracts with Programs, South-central Section, Geological Leach, D. L., and Rowan, E. L., 1986, Genetic link between Society of America Meeting, Houston, Texas, February Ouachita Foldbelt tectonism and the Mississippi Valley- 24-25, 1992, p. 1. type lead-zinc deposits of the Ozarks: Geology, vol. 14, p. 931-935. Barnes, V. E., 1976, Geologic Atlas of Texas, Brownwood Nicholas, R. L., and Rosendahl, R. A., 1975, Subsurface Sheet: Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of positive elements within Ouachita Foldbelt in Texas and Texas at Austin, map + 21 p. text. their relation to Paleozoic cratonic margins: American , 1981, Geologic Atlas of Texas, Llano Sheet: Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 59, no. Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas 2, p. 193-216. at Austin, map + 15 p. text. , and Waddell, D. E., 1989, The Ouachitasystem in , 1982, Geology of the Marble Falls Quadrangle, the subsurface of Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana: Burnet and Lampasas Counties, Texas: Bureau of Chapter 23 in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Viele, G. W., Eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen Geologic Quandrangle Map No. 48, map + 15 p. in the United States: The Geology of North America, , and Bell, W. C., 1977. The Moore Hollow Group Vol. F-2, The Geological Society of America, p. 661-762. of Central Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology, The Paige, S., 1912, Description of the Llano and Burnet University of Texas at Austin, Report of Investigations quadrangles: United States Geological Survey Geologic no. 88, 169 p. Atlas, Llano-Burnet Folio (No. 183), 16 p. Clabaugh, S. E., and McGehee, 1972, Precambrian rocks of Pindell, J. L., 1985, Alleghenian reconstruction and sub- Llano regions: in Barnes, V. E., Bell, W. C., Clabaugh, sequent evolution of the Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, and S. E., Cloud, P. E., Jr., McGehee, R. V., Rodda, P. U., proto-Caribbean: Tectonics, vol. 4, p. 1-39. and Young, K., Geology of the Llano Region and Austin Sacks, P. E., and Secor, D. T., Jr., 1990, Kinematics of Late Area: Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Paleozoic continental collisi~nbetween Laurentia and s Texas at Austin, Guidebook No. 13, p. 9-23. Gondwana: Science, vol. 250, p. 1702-1705. Cloud, P. E., Jr., and Barnes, V. E., 1946, The Ellenburger Shurbet, D. H., and Cebull, S. E., 1987, Tectonic interpreta- Group of Central Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology, tion of the westernmost part of the Ouachita-Marathon The Universiry of Texas at Austin, Publication No. (Hercynian)orogenic belt, west TexasMexico: Geology, 4621,473 p. vol. 15, p. 458-461. Ewing, T. E., 1991, The tectonic framework of Texas; Text Thompson, D. M., 1982, Atoka Group (Lower and Middle to accompany "The Tectonic Map of Texas": Bureau of Pennsylvanian), northern Fort Worth Basin, Texas: Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Terrigenous depositional systems, diagenisis, and 36 o. reservoir distribution and quality: Bureau of Economic Flawn, P. T., Goldstein, A., Jr., King, P. B., and Weaver, C. Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Report of E., 1961, The Ouachita System: University of Texas Investigations No. 125, 62 p. Publication no. 6120, 338 p. Viele, G. W. and Thomas, W. A., Tectonic synthesis of the Ouachita orogenic belt: Chapter 27 in Hatcher, R. D., Fritz, M., 1990, Central Texas - Frontier? Theory Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., Eds, The challenges conventionalwisdom: American Association Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States: The of Petroleum Geologists Explorer, June, 1990, p. 1-11. Geology of North America, Volume F-2, The Geological Kerans, C., 1990, Depositional systems and karst geology of Society of America, p. 695-728. the Ellenburger Group (Lower Ordovician), subsurface Walker, Nicholas, 1992, Middle Proterozoic geologic evo- West Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology, The Uni- luation of Llano Uplift, Texas: Evidence from U-PB versity of Texas, Report of Investigations no. 193,63 p. Zircon geochronometry: Geological Society of America Kier, R. S., 1980, Depositional history of the Marble Falls Bulletin, v. 104, p. 494-504. Formation of the Llano region, central Texas: in Wilkerson, A., Carlson, W. D., and Smith, D., 1988, High Windle, D., Ed., Geology of the Llano region, central pressure metamorphism during the Llano Orogeny Texas; West Texas Geological Society Guidebook, inferred from Proterozoic eclogite remnants: Geology, Publication No. 80-73, p. 59-75. VOI.16, p. 391-394. i Bulletin Houston Geological Soc~ety,June 1993 58 Honorary Life Memberships, Continued From Page 28 Peggy J. Rice Thomas D. Barber Conoco's Western Gulf region; working on joint venture Superintendent. In 1959 he joined Michel T. Halbouty Oil & operations both international and domestic) with Japanese Gas Interests as Exploration Manager. Three years later he and other partners; and working with reserves, budgets, was promoted to General Manager and was also elected and long-range planning. Her writing and editing back- Vice-president of Halbouty Alaska Oil Company. In 1981 ground was also put to good use in a wide variety of areas. Tom was elected President of Michel T. Halbouty Co., a She authored a number of internal publications on geology, position he held until 1987 when he left to pursue his recruiting brochures, and financial reports, as well as writing personal business interests. Tom now remains active in the speeches for Max Pitcher and others on Conoco's Russian petroleum exploration business he has served so well as operations, financial presentations, and other subjects. In President of Barber & Associates, Inc. November 1992, Peggy elected to take early retirement In addition to his famous Shelder Field paper, Tom from Conoco. wrote a one-act play, "Two Heads Are Better Than One," Peggy's involvement with and dedication to geological another thoughtful satire about the activities of the oil professional societies began early in her career, starting business. The play was first presented at an HGS June with her activities in the Tulsa Geological Society in the Guest Night dinner in 1955 to a delighted audience. Tom early 1970s. There, Peggy served as both Secretary and had "broken another leg." This play also had longevity; it Editor of the Society, was Newsletter Editor, and also was last presented in 1992. Over the last 38 years, Tom has served on field trip and membership committees. As soon as been speaker at four HGS Guest Night festivities, an she moved to Houston, Peggy became active in the accolade to his prowess as a light-hearted philosopher of the Houston Geological Society, starting as an Associate Editor geological profession. of the HGS Bulletin. From there, she moved on to chairing Tom has generously devoted his time and energy to the printing committee for the annual AAPGISEPM con- geologists and the geological profession in many ways. He vention in Houston and serving on the technical program was a charter member of AIPG and has been recognized for editorial committee for the convention. She became his contributions to AIPG by an Honorary Membership Secretary of HGS, followed by Second Vice President (and award from the Texas Section of AIPG in 1987. He served as program chairman), then First Vice President. AAPG Vice President in 1978-79 and received the AAPG In 1982, Peggy became the first woman President of Distinguished Service Award in 1985. Before that recogni- HGS (and, to date, the only woman President). During her tion, his AAPG activities stretched over a 21-year period of tenure she brought about other "firsts" as well and fostered almost continuous participation. He has authored profes- the development of new areas for the Society. While she sional papers with Michel Halbouty on Port Acres and Port was President, the very successful International Explo- Arthur Fields, JeffersonCounty, Texas, and "The Respon- rationists Group was founded (the only one of its kind in the sibility of Geologists and Petroleum Engineers in Meeting world at the time). Groundwork for an environmental Exploration Demands in the Future." He also has authored aspect of the Society was laid by the appointment of an a paper, "The Practice of Petroleum Exploration in the Gulf activist committee chair who conducted environmental field Coast Area", and another, "The Exploration Enigma." His trips in the Houston area and helped to raise the conscious- latest success was an inspirational speech entitled "Power ness level regarding environmental problems. The Society For Windmills" which he delivered as The Invited Speaker contributed substantial funding to AAPG's Tectonic Map of to the GCAGS convention in Houston in October 1991. He America project. Peggy appointed an ad hoc committee to is a member of many professional organizations in addition study establishing an undergraduate scholarship fund, to those already mentioned and is certified as a Petroleum which later came into existence very successfully. The Geologist by AAPG. downturn in the oil industry was beginning to be felt at this Tom's personal life is as impressive as his professional time, and the employment committee became very active. life. His charming wife of 50 years, Virginia, complements Even with the economic downturn, membership in the Tom's talents and the two are a delightful couple. They have Society grew from approximately 4100 to over 4400 during two equally talented children, David, a Ph.D. geologist, and Peggy's term in office. Carol Ann, an actress, writer and film producer. He is an Since her time as President, Peggy has continued to Elder of the Presbyterian Church and it is well known that serve the Society and to make valuable contributions to its when he taught Sunday school he did so to overflow success. She has served on the HGS nominating committee crowds, just the same as he does with his geological talks. as its chair, has served as an AAPG Delegate and on the Tom is an excellent and unique geologist who, in AAPG Membership Committee, and is currently vice-chair addition to finding oil and gas, has kept audiences over the of the HGS Memorial Scholarship Fund. She will no doubt country mesmerized by his humorous and insightful pre- continue to dedicate her time and talents to the needs and sentations about the geological scene. Whether he is talking goals of the Houston Geological Society, just as she has about far away places in China or an oil field on the shores of done over the past sixteen years. Peggy's hard work and the Gulf of Mexico, his message is meaningful. His vast dedication to the profession of geology and to the furthering audiences will be pleased to hear that he is being recognized of the Houston Geological Society's success and welfare with the Honorary Life Membership Award by the Houston make her a most worthy recipient of Honorary Life Member- Geological Society. ship. It is with great pleasure and gratitude that the Houston JOHN J. AMORUSO Geological Society confers this distinction upon Peggy J. Rice. CAROLYN MIRACLE ROSS CONGRATULATIONS!

5 9 Bulletw Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety June 1993

-*------*-- -. -*-" .---" -- - -- New World Jay, Magnolia. The whole trend contained 20 billion BO and Continued from page 49 a lot of gas. You are not so familiar with the miracle being wrought by UPR and Texaco and others with horizontal Looking at you from way up north in Canada, and wells in the Austin Chalk at Pearsall and Giddings and in a familiar with being ignored, familiar with seeing maps of great arc that may go all the way to Lake Pontchartrain. North America cut off at the 49th parallel, I am sensitive to how country boy you guys are about the Gulf of Mexico. I The trend has now been proved for 250 miles on the know by actual count that for every 1000 maps in the Gulf west end with ultimate reserves of 300 million BO. It extends Coast Society guidebooks, 996 of them show the Gulf as a another 450 miles east and may have total potential reserves half-moon, extending from the Rio Grande to Florida. of 1.5 BBO. Mark up another Super Giant for the Gulf Coast - but be sure you recognize that it's in Cretaceous This is a slide of a typical front cover of the GCAGS limestone. There is a parallel downdip gas trend with maybe Transactions. The Gulf stops here. 30 or 40 TCF of gas. Note, coming updip, gas, then oil, then I think you'd better start looking at the whole Gulf. water. I feel like home. When you get that inverted water on top of oil on top of gas you don't have seal limitations on the This little tiny Campeche area off the Mexican coast hydrocarbon column any more. That's why you can get produces as much oil as all of Canada. It produces half as such giant traps. much oil as the entire Gulf Coast province from the Rio Grande to Florida. The Campeche fields have several Below the fractured Austin are the Buda and the Georgetown. Two fractured source rock trends waiting to "...for every 1000 maps in the Gulf Coast Society be developed are Eagle Ford and Smackover. guidebooks, 996 of them show the Gulf as a half- But before you start buying Halliburton stock, let me moon, extending from theRio Grande to Florida ... show you the oil in Mexico. We'll start down near Tampico. I think you'd better start looking at the whole Ebano-Panuco was found in 1901 by the incredible Gulf." Edward Doheny from California. Reservoirs are fractured Cretaceous basinal limestones. Structure in the area is gentle arching, faulting and volcanic intrusion. There are thousand feet of pay in fractured Cretaceous limestone. All hundreds of oil seeps. Production is from fracture trends at of the Mexican fields together produce as much oil as our various random angles. They cover an area of 500 square whole Gulf Coast - about 2.5 million BOPD. miles - almost 15 townships.

I suggest to you that you may not have paid enough The oil is 12" API from about 2,000'. Doesn't sound big, attention to the Cretaceous and the Jurassic. does it? But 1,500 wells have averaged almost a million Let me show you a lithofacies map of the Cretaceous barrels apiece. One well produced 22 million barrels. Some around the whole Gulf. The Gulf rifted in early Jurassic. wells came in for 10,000 BOPD. The whole area contained 1.5 billion BO. The Gulf and the great rivers created all the sediments. But the rivers didn't become really big until the Tertiary. In I wonder if they found all the fractures on the Mexican the Lower Jurassic there was widespread salt deposition. coastal plain? It took us 30 years to begin extending Later, the rivers came in from the north and sprayed sand all Giddings. across the northern coast. But, everywhere else, where the Gulf spread across the shallow shelves, it brought platform The Golden Lane reef atoll was discovered in 1908, limestone and evaporite deposits which reach thicknesses diverting attention from Ebano. It's Edwards age. Some of of 10,000 feet. A limestone bank reef formed in shallow the biggest wells in the world. Portrero del Llano #4 came in water along the coast and nearly ringed the entire Gulf for at 100,000 BOPD and produced 100 million BO out of that 3,000 miles. Along its western margin was a great reef atoll one well. It didn't take long. It was making 36 million barrels called the Golden Lane which is 60 miles long. Reef debris a year. Cerro Azul#4 peaked in 1921for 455,000 BOPD and fans were spread along the west side of the atoll and perhaps produced a total of 125 million BO out of the single well. The in other places around the atoll and the reef bank. whole atoll had ultimate reserves of 4 billion barrels. The huge sediment load started salt intrusion toward Ten miles out in front of the atoll is the Poza Rica reef the end of Cretaceous and caused structural deformation in debris trend in the Tamabra breccia. There are 8 fields in it the Isthmus and Campeche areas in the south. You all know over a length of 100 miles where the breccia wedges out the Cretaceous and Tertiary history of the northern Gulf updip over anticlines and noses. Total reserves 3 billion. better than I do so I don't need to say any more about it. The slide shows the known salt domes in the Gulf. There may be The cross-section is across the Golden Lane reef, reef many more mapped eventually in Mexico. debris at the foot, fanning out to the west, and the giant Now let's put the Cretaceous and Jurassic oil and gas Chicontepec Channel. on the facies map. By the way, these reef fields and Lake Maracaibo were You are familiar with the great sand fields at East the fields that won World War 11. If it hadn't been for this oil, Texas, Van, Hawkins, Quitman, Talco, Rodessa, Smack- Russia (sic) would have conquered all of Europe and we over and the great limestone fields at Carthage, Fairway, would be living in a terribly different world.

Bulletin Houston Geolog~calSoclety. June 1993 60 Chicontepec is the newest giant in Mexico. It is described as a Paleocene channel 80 miles long, 15 miles wide, filled with 2,000' of sand and containing 110 billion BO in place. The sands are fine-grained, shaly, contain volcanic ATWATERCONSULTANTS, LTD. debris, have low porosity and permeability and expected Registered & Certified Petroleum Consultants recovery is only 10%. Still, that's 10 billion barrels - as big as Prudhoe Bay. It looks like another inverted trap with no Petroleum Engineering + Geology + downdip water. Maybe it's the biggest tight sand oil field in Interactive 3D Seismic Interpretation Using the world. CHARISMAISun Sparc2 Workstation Come around the arc past little fields in the isthmus Currently available in-house database of nonexclusive which were found a long time ago into the Reforma area 3D seismic coverage for the Gulf of Mexico where Pemex found salt structures (domes, anticlines, fault blocks) - in the 1970s and began drilling big oil fields. 3 18 Camp Street TEL (504) 581 - 6527 This is the location of Bermudez, Cardenas, Sitio New Orleans, LA 70130 FAX (504) 524-7798 Grande, Cactus and others. Oil columns are up to several thousand feet - massive sections of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleocene carbonates - some very porous, some tight, Let's use this generalized facies map of the Cretaceous all highly fractured. Good gravity oil. Now producing as a framework. I'll list the ideas we've thought about 500,000 BOPD. tonight. The Campeche area is on the Yucatan shelf. It is 1. As a Canadian the first thing I see is a giant reef another concentration of salt structures. There is Cantarell atoll out in front of an incredibly long reef bank. That with 3,200' pay, Abkatun with 900', Maloob with 500'. bank is 3,000 miles long. Do you think it has just one Average per well production has been in the order of 30,000 big reef atoll in front of it? BOPD. A sharp Gulf Coast geologist said, "We don't As I said earlier, the Campeche fields are producing, have any reefs here. Period. There are thousands of from an area the size of Harris County, about half as much miles of seismic. Any atoll whould have been seen." I oil as the entire U.S. Gulf Coast and as much as all of would argue with that. The only reef that's easy to Canada. see is one in a cartoon cross-section like Leduc or Bonnie Blen. The vertical exaggeration in the car- We should be familiar with the field names in Reforma toon is 15:l. We call them haystacks - but we all fool and Campeche. Some of them contain 4 or 5 billion barrels. ourselves. Total reserves may be 50 billion barrels. There are some- Look at a seismic line, modern CDP, that isn't thing like a hundred untested structures. all dressed up with color and names, and they are hard to find. This line is across a 150 million barrel field that covers 3 sections in the Leduc trend. Do "Campeche fields are producing from an you see anything? There are 10 of these in a row that contain 2 billion barrels of oil. I can show you line area the size of Harris County, about half as after line over these Canadian reefs and many of much oil as the entire U.S. Gulf Coast and as them don't tell you any more than this one. much as all of Canada." I will just summarize by saying every reef is different, they can be very subtle and I wouldn't want a Gulf Coast geophysicist picking them out for We have no way of knowing how far the structures will me. But remember: reefs can be fabulous finds. The extend along the coast. Maybe there are fault trends or Leduc reefs average 70 million barrels per section. subtle hinge lines which set up fracture swarms which will create Giddings-type fields on a giant scale. Perhaps there 2. Reef bank. People tell me the Cretaceous reef will be reefs. Do you think Mexico got only one Golden Lane bank has been well prospected. I don't have any atoll? Perhaps there is a deeper gas zone like there is in the knowledge that it hasn't. All I know is that reef banks Persian Gulf. Imagine having all that to explore. produce in 3 different modes:

I could go on about Mexico. You can see clearly that it a) Top of the reef - as in Golden Lane, Leduc, is a very rich area. You can also see clearly that it has much Scurry, etc. to suggest to us up here about further exploration in the Cretaceous and Jurassic. b) Front side - where it is tipped updip as in Redwater, Sturgeon Lake, Kaybob South, etc.

Don't misunderstand me. I am not a Gulf Coast c) Back side - where the back side is tipped geologist. I am not here to tell you what to explore for. I have updip as it is along the east side of the Central only come to ask questions and think with you. I enjoy Basin Platform fields: Slaughter, Levelland, etc. thinking this way because it's fun. Let's see where tonight's story would lead us. All these field types can be giants. A question a good reef geologist would ask is: south flank of the Uplift, I don't know exactly where, Has the tipped up back side of the Cretaceous bank but I do know you might find a giant field here. I reef been explored? wonder about the Ordovician sands on top of the structure. Don't think the top has been tested. No 3. Next, the Poza Rica trend debris fans from the one knows where the top closure of 200 townships Golden Lane. They hold 3 billion barrels in this little is. area. Could others lie along the south slope of the Lower Cretaceous bank? They would be hard to see We have talked about these play types on this facies on seismic. Sowould debris fans on the east side of map. We have agreed, I think, that there might be some big the Golden Lane atoll. oil left.

4. The Ebano-Panuco fracture fields are big, Probably most of you know better but you don't think 10,000 BPD wells at 2,000', over a billion barrels of about it that the Mexican half of the Gulf contains half of its production. Now we have fractured Austin fields ultimate reserves, there is up to 5,000' of pay, and it all and Edwards fields. Are there more? What do you comes from Cretaceous and Jurassic carbonates. Tertiary think about Buda, Georgetown, Eagle Ford or sands are not the big reserve section in the Gulf. They Smackover? contain onlv 20% of the Gulf's reserves. By far the larnest share of reserves are in the Cretaceous. YO; have probably 5. There is a Paleocene sand channel 80 miles a million square miles of Cretaceous platform limestone long with 10 billion barrels of recoverable oil in it. which can be reached by the drill. I wonder if you will leave We've seen Tuscaloosa sands spill over the bank here tonight thinking it has all been evaluated? Remember, and set up a sand belt parallel to the shoreline. Do for over 100 years, exploration has always been on the far you think there might be one somewhere perpen- edge of our knowledge. dicular to the shoreline? We know there are big Wilcox channels but they are filled with shale. Somewhere is there another 10 billion barrel field I promise you, the Gulf Coast can be part of the NEW like Chicontepec? WORLD IF YOU MAKE IT SO. I think you will find the NEW WORLD in the Cretaceous and Jurassic. 6. Salt structures. Pemex has done very well drilling fractured Cretaceous carbonates on salt Open your minds to that. And, remember, new ideas uplifts. How many good carbonate tests have we need time to grow and take hold. They never sound drilled on the 150 known salt domes and salt convincing at first. anticlines where Cretaceous limestone can be reached? How many of you know how to interpret oil in micritic limestone on logs? I think you will find the NEW WORLD in the This slide will caution you to be careful about what's been tested and what has not. Some lime- Cretaceous and Jurassic. stone has a good pore system mixed bimodally with very fine crystalline limestone with irreducible water which affects the logs but lets the oil flow without In 1950 Lockheed examined the possibility of building a water production. jet airliner to replace the Constellation. A high-priced consulting firm said no way, operating time on jet engines 7. Wedge edges. Florida has four little Cretaceous will never exceed 35 hours between overhauls. Now they go limestone fields near Sunniland at 12,000'. They 10,000 hours. Lockheed could have had the first transport have produced 20 million BO but they are little fields jet but they didn't go for it and the industry was taken over because the structures are little. The section is very by DC-8s. difficult to get good seismic records in so let's write off the Florida Peninsula for structural fields. I know I was in Kerr-McGee in 1960 when the head of the that's the way to go down in history as an idiot but drilling department told Mr. McGee the industry would let's do it anyway. I'll say you all agreed with me. never drill a well in water deeper than 180'. Kerr-McGee lost its leadership in the drilling business and missed out on the But Florida has something going for it that I am next two lease sales. very attracted to. It has 6,000' of Lower Cretaceous limestone and I don't know how much Jurassic that A pretty good writer said a long time ago: "There is a wedges out going north onto the Peninsular Uplift. time and tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, The Peninsular Uplift is just a little dome you don't leads on to fortune." Surfers learn to catch the right wave at hear much about it's as big as the Sabine. The the right time - or they just paddle around. When you go closure covers 200 townships. Stratigraphers back to the office tomorrow sit down with a small group and caution me that you can't see any source beds over ask this question: Are we on the right wave or are we just here but I can see 20 million barrels of oil around paddling around? Sunniland, oil shows in lots of Florida wells, and oil shows and small oil fields all over Cuba. I like the

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63 Bulletin Houston Geological Soctety. June 1993 Exploration Activity Review, EUROPE Continued from page 53 Italy (Offshore) In February, Agip spudded outpost Aquila 2, the first In northern Escambia County, Alabama, IP Petroleum appraisal to its 1981 discovery on a paleoslope near the has completed the #1 Edge-McMillan as a new Smackover margin of the Apulian Platform. Drillsite is 3/4 mile WSW of 1/2 oil discovery 1 miles north of Smackover oil production at the discovery well, about 45 km (28 miles) northeast of the one-well Smith's Church North Field. Flow rate was 540 Brindisi. The Aquila 1 encountered oil-bearing zones be- BOPD and 810 MCFGPD through perfs 13,036-72'. At the tween 3858-3982 m (12,658-13,065') within a section ranging Smackover horizon the new find appears to be situated on from the Malm to the Oligocene in the Aptici Limestones, uniform south dip; however, a small structural closure is Maiolica and Scaglia formations, and tested flows in probably present, as is the case at many of the Smackover excess of 3,000 BOPD. fields in this region. Farther northeast, in adjoining Conecuh County, Norway (Offshore) Pema Oil at last report was drilling below 8800' at its #1 Statoil confirmed a major oil discovery in the Nordland Cedar Creek Ld. & Tbr.-Pema 22-1, a scheduled 10,500' I1 area with its 6608110-3 appraisal. The well tested up to Jurassic wildcat. Drillsite is 18 miles northwest of nearest 7,862 BOPD (35" API) from the Jurassic, with reserves in production (Frisco City) at Rome North Field and 9 miles the structure estimated between 315 and 440 MMBO. The north of the inferred updip limit of the Smackover, in an area January 1992 discovery well, 6608110-2,flowed 7,328 BOPD. where previous drilling has been extremely sparse. Struc- Location is 85 km (53 miles) NNE of the Heidrun oil field. ture at the Lower Tuscaloosa horizon here appears to be United Kingdom (Offshore) south regional dip, based on very limited control. Amoco's "Appleton" wildcat 30/11b-3 tested 19,400 MCFGPD and 4,400 BCPD from the Upper Jurassic after INTERNATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS drilling to 16,085' TD. BP's 204124-2,appraising the 204124-1 Provided by PETROCONSULTANTS, Foreign Scouting oil find of late 1990, tested 3,800 BOPD (25" API) and Division, Geneva, Switzerland confirms a major oil discovery. Initial estimates of recover- able reserves range from 250 to 500 MMBO. LATIN AMERICA Argentina AFRICA YPF has completed its Campo Arre 1 wildcat in the Libya San Jorge Basin (Chubut province) as an oil well. Flow Veba reportedly made a gas discovery in its Sirte rate was 483 BOPD from a sandstone of the Cerro Guadal Basin concession 72, representing one of the southern- Formation (Valanginian/Hauterivian)at 2019 m (6624'). most discoveries made in the Sirte Basin, about 45 km (28 The discovery is about three miles northwest of the 1970 miles) south of the Khalifa oil field. Two of three wells drilled Rio Mayo 1 discovery (176BOPD from the Cretaceous) and apparently tested gas at rates of 16,000 and 12,000 MCFD, north of Rio Mayo 4 (525 BOPD from the Upper Cretaceous respectively. Bajo Barreal Formation). Brazil Republic of South Africa (Offshore) State company Soekor announced a potentially com- Petrobras' wildcat 1-BSU-1-BA(Bonsucesso 1) in the mercial oil discovery in the Bredasdorp Basin off southern southeastern sector of the Reconcavo Basin (Bahia) was South Africa. Wildcat E-BTO 1P was drilled in early 1993 an oil discovery, flowing at an average rate of 252 BOPD about 130 km (81 miles) southeast of Mossel Bay. Test (35" API) from a 16 1/2' interval below 1902 m (6240'). The pay results were not disclosed. zone is believed to be the Lower Cretaceous Agua Grande Member. Location is 23 km (14 miles) SSW of Alagoinhas and 5 miles northwest of the Cassarongongo Field. Brazil (Offshore) In the deeper waters of the Campos Basin (Rio de Janeiro), Petrobras has made a significant oil discovery at wildcat 1-RJS-424, about 107 km (66 miles) southeast of Cape Sao Tome and 6 3/4 miles SSE of the Bijupira Field. The new find flowed 2,500 BOPD (27" API) from a reservoir estimated to contain about 100 MMBO. Total depth was STEVE ROSE AND ASSOCIATES 3769 m (12,366'). 41 FALLING STAR COURT. THE WOODLANDS. TX 77381 Honduras (713) 363-3465 Cambria Resources is about to spud its 2255 m (7399') HIGH RESOLUTION BIOSTRATIGRAPHY wildcat Raiti-Tara 1 in the Brus Laguna Block. The likely PLANKTIC 1 BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA I NANNOFOSSILS COMPUTER GENERATED (RAGWARE) PLOTS objective is one of the Eocene Mosquitia Formation CHECKLISTS DEPICTING SEQUENCE BOUNDARIES I carbonates. The last well in the country was completed in MAXIMUM FLOODING SURFACES April 1992 when wildcat Embarcadero 1 was D&A after ABUNDANCE I DIVERSITY GRAPHS reaching Paleozoic metamorphic rocks at TD 4578 m PLANKTIC 1 BENTHIC RATIOS (15,020') without encountering the objective carbonates of STRIPLOGS the Cretaceous Val de Angeles Formation.

Bullet~nHouston Geolog~calSoctety. June 1993 64 AUSTRALIA Queensland OCA (Oil Company of Australia) has reported a gas discovery in its APP.470-P Rolston Block (Surat Baain) at wildcat Berwick 2, which was drilled to TD 1530 m (5020'). Two DST's in the Evergreen and Moolayember formations tested 293 MCFGPD and 1,170 MCFGPD, respectively. The new find is just over M mile WSW of the Yarrabend 1, drilled by Hartogen Energy in 1983.

To All Proferrional Engineers And Scientist8 In The Hourton Area: The Physics Department at the University of Houston is soliciting old model computers of any manufacture for use in data acquisition in science classrooms. The computers donated will be given to teachers after they complete a training program in the use of these computers for science activities ex- periments. The goal is to place eight computer acquisition stations in at least one science classroom in every middle school and high school in the Houston metropolitan area. Please inquire in your company as to the current disposition of obsolete but working computers or contact Tom Hudson at the Physics Department of the University of Houston at (713) 743-3535 for more information.

FAR EAST Indonesia On central Sumatra, Lasmo suspended MS BV-1as an oil well in the South Malacca Strait Block about '/2 mile south of the Kurau Field. Tests yielded an aggregate of 585 BOPD from sandstones of the Sihapas Group at 1388-1527 m (4554-5010'). The well bottomed at 1737 m (5699') in the PUBLICATION SALE pre-Tertiary basement. Indonesia (Offshore) In the East Java Sea, Shell's wildcat Keladi 1may be a Oil & Gas Fields of S.E. Texas new gas discovery in the Muriah Block. Two DST's at undisclosed intervals recovered good gas shows in the Lower Tawun Member (Middle Miocene). TD was 1260 m (4134'). Drillsite is 90 km (56 miles) NNE of Rembang and Volume I1 90 Field Studies 18 km (11 miles) north of Cities' 1971 discovery JS 15-1. 525 Pages May, 1987 Tests were continuing at the end of February. Pakistan State company OGDC has made an oil and gas Maps, Cross-Sections, Type Logs discovery in southern Pakistan in the Hyderabad district of also Reservoir and Production Data Sind. Buzdar North 1 flowed 1,200 BOPD and 3,129 MCFGPD from perfs 1465-1470 m (4807-23'), probably in the Lower Cretaceous Lower Guru Formation. WAREHOUSE CLEARANCE SALE Philippines (Offshore) In Northwest Palawan, Shell successfully tested out- $10 per copy post Malampaya 2, about 3/4 mile southeast of last year's No mail orders, please. discovery well. An initial drill stem test yielded 3,774 BOPD but had to be halted due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide To Order: gas. A second DST flowed 6,095 BOPD from the objective Call Nido, a Miocene reefal buildup. Attempts at a third DST Tom Mather - 871-3326 were continuing, despite borehole problems.

Bulletin Houston Geological Soclety. Junb 1803 "Support those who support our Society."

Geologist - Qeophysicist- Engineer place your business card here. VICTOR H. ABADIE Ill JAMES B BENNETl RANDALL SCHOTT CONSULTING GEOLOGIST Send el13 with two cards and oma c.ophm

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Bullet~nHouston Geological Soc~etyJune 1993 ANNOUNCEMENT: AMOCO OFFERS TRAINING

Amoco Internal Training Courses are now being offercd on a selective and space available basis to thc industry at break-cvcn costs. Below is a description of current offerings; additional information may be obtained from the company coordinator listed at the bottom of this announcement.

1. Amoco Ancient Carbonate Margin Architecture Field Seminar, Scpt. 19-22. 1993. Location: The Guadclupc Mountains, West Texas and Ncw Mexico. Principals: Duff Kerr and Mike Lloyd. Cost: % 1350 per participant. includes lodging (double occupanc~r),most meals, transportation in thc ficld, guidcbook and tuition. Participant must provide own transportation to and from El Paso, Texas. Registration Deadline: August 7. 1993.

2. Amoco Geologic Mapping in Structurally Complex Terrains Field Seminar, August 21-28, 1993. Location: Tobacco Roots Mountain, Montana. Principals: Lce Suttner, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Geological Sciences at Indiana University. Cost: $2200 per person, includcs lodging, meals photos. maps, and all ficld transportation. Participant must provide own transportation to and from Bozcman, Montana. Registration Deadline: July 15. 1993. David R. Matuszak Amoco Production Co. 501 WcstLake Park Blvd. Houston, TX 77079 (713) 556-3444 (713) 556-2102 fax Bulletin Houston Geological Society SECOND CLASS 7171 HARWIN, SUITE 314 U.S. POSTAGE HOUSTON, TEXAS 77036-2190 PA1 D Houston, Texas

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