List of High Priests of Israel 1 List of High Priests of Israel
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Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept of Kingship
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Jacob Douglas Feeley University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Feeley, Jacob Douglas, "Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2276. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Abstract Scholars who have discussed Josephus’ political philosophy have largely focused on his concepts of aristokratia or theokratia. In general, they have ignored his concept of kingship. Those that have commented on it tend to dismiss Josephus as anti-monarchical and ascribe this to the biblical anti- monarchical tradition. To date, Josephus’ concept of kingship has not been treated as a significant component of his political philosophy. Through a close reading of Josephus’ longest text, the Jewish Antiquities, a historical work that provides extensive accounts of kings and kingship, I show that Josephus had a fully developed theory of monarchical government that drew on biblical and Greco- Roman models of kingship. Josephus held that ideal kingship was the responsible use of the personal power of one individual to advance the interests of the governed and maintain his and his subjects’ loyalty to Yahweh. The king relied primarily on a standard array of classical virtues to preserve social order in the kingdom, protect it from external threats, maintain his subjects’ quality of life, and provide them with a model for proper moral conduct. -
RES 2015.12.15 Bertalotto on the Institution of the Hasmonean High
Reviews of the Enoch Seminar 2015.12.15 Vasile Babota, The Institution of the Hasmonean High Priesthood . Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 165. Leiden: Brill, 2014. ISBN: 978900425177. € 123 / $ 171. Hardback. Pierpaolo Bertalotto Bari, Italy The aim of this book is to define more adequately the Hasmonean high priesthood as an institution in comparison with the biblical / Jewish tradition on the one hand and the Hellenistic / Seleucid world on the other. Were the Hasmonean high priests more like preexilic kings, like priests from the Oniad or Zadokite families, or like Hellenistic king-priests? This is the question that continually surfaces throughout the entire book. The study contains an introduction, ten chapters, final conclusions, a full bibliography, an index of ancient people, and an index of ancient sources. The introduction offers a brief presentation of the scholarly work on high priestly office which focuses on the relationship among the Hasmonean high priesthood, the Jewish tradition, and the Hellenistic world. Babota then begins his analysis by describing the sources for his study. He considers 1 Maccabees a unitary pro-Hasmonean work written at the time of John Hyrcanus I, probably soon before his death, whose aim is to strengthen his position as high priest in the line of Simon. This strong political agenda must be taken into account when using this literary work as a historical source: its reliability must be assessed, as the author consistently does, on a case by case basis. Concerning 2 Maccabees, Babota especially emphasizes its pro-Judas stance. It is therefore less favorable towards Jonathan and Simon than 1 Maccabees and to some extent critical of the establishment of the Hasmonean high priesthood. -
Unpacking the Book #12The Tabernacle
The W.E.L.L. Stoneybrooke Christian Schools Sherry L. Worel www.sherryworel.com 2012.UTB.12 Unpacking the Book #12The Tabernacle I. An overview There are nearly 470 verses in our bible used to describe the form and furnishings of the Tabernacle and Temple. The bible gives a very specific plan for the building of the tabernacle. However, the temple is not outlined in detail. I Chron. 28:11‐19 does seem to indicate that the Lord gave David some sort of plan or model. The tabernacle was an ornate tent shrine that served the people of Israel for approximately 200 years until it was replaced by Solomon’s temple. This temple served as God’s home for approximately 400 years until the Babylonians destroyed it in 586 BC. When the Israelites returned from Babylon, Zerubbabel over saw the rebuilding of a much inferior temple in 520 BC. This building was damaged and repaired many times until Herod built his “renovation” in 19 BC. The Roman General, Titus destroyed this temple in 70AD. II. The Tabernacle (The Tent of Meeting or Place of Dwelling) A. Consider the New Testament perspective: Hebrews 9:9‐11, 10:1, Col. 2:17 and Revelation 15:5, 21:3 B. Moses was given a model of this meeting house by God Himself (Ex. 25:40) C. The craftsmen Bezalel and Oholiab built this ornate tent. See Ex. 25‐27, 35‐40 for all the details. 1. There was a linen fence that formed an outer courtyard. In that courtyard were two furnishings: a. -
Significant Lessons from the Seemingly Insignificant #7 Doeg, the Edomite
Significant Lessons From The Seemingly Insignificant #7 Doeg, the Edomite Ponder: Who would you place on the list of the “bottom 10” people in the Bible? 1. Cain 1st murderer 2. Ahab/Jezebel Evil rulers during Israel’s darkest period 3. Manasseh Child sacrifice 4. Jeroboam I Led the Northern Kingdom into evil and idolatry 5. Herod the Great Slaughterer of children 6. Herodias & Herod Antipas Beheaded John the Baptist 7. Judas Betrayal of Jesus Christ 8. Pontius Pilate Washed his hand of the blood of Jesus Christ 9. Saul Fierce persecutor of Christians 10. Doeg, the Edomite Wreaks havoc; epitome of evil [4 verses in the Bible] Focal Passage: I Samuel 21-22 Scene 1: Ahimelech’s Aid To David – I Sam. 21:1-10 1. David has begun his “life as a fugitive” from Saul; a period of 10 years during which he was “public enemy #1” in all of Israel. 2. David has no weapons or food as he heads into the wilderness. 3. David goes to Nob, the town of the priets and Tabernacle. 4. He meets with Ahimelech, the high priest. [also known as Ahijah; great-grandson of Eli] 5. David’s lies and deception will ultimately bring death to the innocent priests and Ahimelech. 6. Ahimelech was trembling when he met David. “Why are you alone and no one with you?” 7. David’s Deception: The king has sent me on a mission and I am not to tell anyone about the matter. He tells Ahimelech he has left his men at a certain place. -
A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself. -
The Maccabees (Hasmoneans)
The Maccabees Page 1 The Maccabees (Hasmoneans) HASMONEANS hazʹme-nēʹenz [Gk Asamomaios; Heb ḥašmônay]. In the broader sense the term Hasmonean refers to the whole “Maccabean” family. According to Josephus (Ant. xii.6.1 [265]), Mattathias, the first of the family to revolt against Antiochus IV’s demands, was the great-grandson of Hashman. This name may have derived from the Heb ḥašmān, perhaps meaning “fruitfulness,” “wealthy.” Hashman was a priest of the family of Joarib (cf. 1 Macc. 2:1; 1 Ch. 24:7). The narrower sense of the term Hasmonean has reference to the time of Israel’s independence beginning with Simon, Mattathias’s last surviving son, who in 142 B.C. gained independence from the Syrian control, and ending with Simon’s great-grandson Hyrcanus II, who submitted to the Roman general Pompey in 63 B.C. Remnants of the Hasmoneans continued until A.D. 100. I. Revolt of the Maccabees The Hasmonean name does not occur in the books of Maccabees, but appears in Josephus several times (Ant. xi.4.8 [111]; xii.6.1 [265]; xiv.16.4 [490f]; xv.11.4 [403]; xvi.7.1 [187]; xvii.7.3 [162]; xx.8.11 [190]; 10.3 [238]; 10.5 [247, 249]; BJ i.7 [19]; 1.3 [36]; Vita 1 [2, 4]) and once in the Mishnah (Middoth i.6). These references include the whole Maccabean family beginning with Mattathias. In 166 B.C. Mattathias, the aged priest in Modein, refused to obey the order of Antiochus IV’s envoy to sacrifice to the heathen gods, and instead slew the envoy and a Jew who was about to comply. -
30-Between the Testaments #5
Old Testament History Lesson #30 The Hellenistic Period Introduction. With the death of the last of the sons of Mattathias, in 135 B.C., the heroic age of the Maccabean struggle came to an end. The generation which had fought for religious liberty was dying out. The new generation was proud of the Maccabean victories and hopeful of even greater successes at home and abroad. I. The Growth And Decay Of The Hasmonean Dynasty A. John Hyrcanus. 1. Although powerful enough to conquer Jerusalem, Syria offered rec- ognition to Hyrcanus on the condition that Hyrcanus consider him- self subject to Syria and promise to help in Syrian military cam- paigns. The Syrians left Palestine, and the Hellenizing party disap- peared from the Jewish political scene. 2. This change in political alignments is an important factor in the reign of Hyrcanus. The Maccabean struggle resulted in victory for the Hasidim, although the Hasidim did not completely align them- selves with the Maccabees. They were willing to stop short of politi- cal independence in their dealings with the Syrians. 3. In the subsequent history of the Hellenistic party, its ideals were perpetuated in the party of the Sadducees, and the ideals of the Hasidim were perpetuated in the party of the Pharisees. These par- ties are first mentioned during the lifetime of Hyrcanus. Before his death he repudiated the Pharisees and declared himself a Sad- ducee. 4. The rule of John Hyrcanus was one of territorial expansion. Al- though devout Jews frequently differed with his policies, his per- sonal life was free from suspicion. -
July 2020, Volume 19, No
The Barnesville Lantern Barnesville Baptist Church 17917 Barnesville Road/P.O. Box 69 Barnesville, Maryland 20838 301-407-0500 (phone/fax) www.barnesvillebaptist.org [email protected] July 2020, Volume 19, No. 2 Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path (Psalm 119:105). The Pastor’s Spotlight In This Edition: In Bible times, the Egyptian pharaoh was the most powerful The Pastor’s Spotlight, Page 1 man in the world. As portrayed by Yul Brynner in the 1956 Upcoming Events, Page 1 movie The Ten Commandments, Pharaoh’s word was law: The Pew Perspective, Page 2 “So let it be written, so let it be done”! But when the Lord had Biblical Garments Scramble and Word Search, Page 2 Moses tell Pharaoh to “Let my people go”, God overturned July Birthdays, Page 3 Pharaoh’s world until God’s Word was fulfilled. God’s Word Prayer Concerns, Page 3 can create anything or turn any situation around (Genesis 1:1; Business Meeting Briefs, Page 3 John 1:1). He made Israel a free nation when freedom was humanly impossible, just as easily as He called the universe COTCD Cartoon, Page 3 into existence out of nothingness. “God…gives life to the Biblical Garments Scramble Answers, Page 3 dead and calls those things which do not exist as though they News You Can Use, Page 4 did” (Romans 4:17). So as we go through this evil world, we July 2020 Calendar, Page 5 need to focus on God’s Word and better understand that God’s Holy Word is alive and has the power to move and Upcoming Events pierce our own hearts as well as change the entire world. -
2210 Bc 2200 Bc 2190 Bc 2180 Bc 2170 Bc 2160 Bc 2150 Bc 2140 Bc 2130 Bc 2120 Bc 2110 Bc 2100 Bc 2090 Bc
2210 BC 2200 BC 2190 BC 2180 BC 2170 BC 2160 BC 2150 BC 2140 BC 2130 BC 2120 BC 2110 BC 2100 BC 2090 BC Fertile Crescent Igigi (2) Ur-Nammu Shulgi 2192-2190BC Dudu (20) Shar-kali-sharri Shu-Turul (14) 3rd Kingdom of 2112-2095BC (17) 2094-2047BC (47) 2189-2169BC 2217-2193BC (24) 2168-2154BC Ur 2112-2004BC Kingdom Of Akkad 2234-2154BC ( ) (2) Nanijum, Imi, Elulu Imta (3) 2117-2115BC 2190-2189BC (1) Ibranum (1) 2180-2177BC Inimabakesh (5) Ibate (3) Kurum (1) 2127-2124BC 2113-2112BC Inkishu (6) Shulme (6) 2153-2148BC Iarlagab (15) 2121-2120BC Puzur-Sin (7) Iarlaganda ( )(7) Kingdom Of Gutium 2177-2171BC 2165-2159BC 2142-2127BC 2110-2103BC 2103-2096BC (7) 2096-2089BC 2180-2089BC Nikillagah (6) Elulumesh (5) Igeshaush (6) 2171-2165BC 2159-2153BC 2148-2142BC Iarlagash (3) Irarum (2) Hablum (2) 2124-2121BC 2115-2113BC 2112-2110BC ( ) (3) Cainan 2610-2150BC (460 years) 2120-2117BC Shelah 2480-2047BC (403 years) Eber 2450-2020BC (430 years) Peleg 2416-2177BC (209 years) Reu 2386-2147BC (207 years) Serug 2354-2124BC (200 years) Nahor 2324-2176BC (199 years) Terah 2295-2090BC (205 years) Abraham 2165-1990BC (175) Genesis (Moses) 1)Neferkare, 2)Neferkare Neby, Neferkamin Anu (2) 3)Djedkare Shemay, 4)Neferkare 2169-2167BC 1)Meryhathor, 2)Neferkare, 3)Wahkare Achthoes III, 4)Marykare, 5)............. (All Dates Unknown) Khendu, 5)Meryenhor, 6)Neferkamin, Kakare Ibi (4) 7)Nykare, 8)Neferkare Tereru, 2167-2163 9)Neferkahor Neferkare (2) 10TH Dynasty (90) 2130-2040BC Merenre Antyemsaf II (All Dates Unknown) 2163-2161BC 1)Meryibre Achthoes I, 2)............., 3)Neferkare, 2184-2183BC (1) 4)Meryibre Achthoes II, 5)Setut, 6)............., Menkare Nitocris Neferkauhor (1) Wadjkare Pepysonbe 7)Mery-........, 8)Shed-........, 9)............., 2183-2181BC (2) 2161-2160BC Inyotef II (-1) 2173-2169BC (4) 10)............., 11)............., 12)User...... -
637 Appendix 4A. TIMELINE HIGH PRIESTS
Appendix 4A. 1 TIMELINE HIGH PRIESTS JOHN HYRCANUS I TO (THEOPHILUS-) MATTHAIS -------------------------------------Rulers------------------------------------------- “Converted” 2 3 4 Year(s) “LOCALLY” SYRIA EGYPT ROME Year b.c.e. b.c.e. Resumed from Appendix 3A, VI, Attachment 1: Following the assassination of High Priest Simon Matthes: 5 134 John Hyrcanus I Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII Physcon Third Period of High Priest Antiochus VII and Cleopatra IV “The Republic” Sidetes 132 Rome’s provinces now were Sicilia, Sardinia with Corsica, Hispania Citerior, Hispania Ulterior, Gallia Cisalpina, Illyricum, Africa, Macedonia and Achaea. Antiochus VII besieged Hyrcanus I at Jerusalem for an unstated period ot time, and then withdrew after extracting 300 talents and hostages. Antiochus VII strengthened Seleucid/Syrian power by several victories over Phraates II of Parthia. Hyrcanus I made league with Cleopatra III and Antiochus VII. Hyrcanus I accompanied Antiochus VII on one Parthian expedition. 130 Antiochus VII fell in a battle at Ecbatana “about 130 b.c.” Cleopatra III 1 Unless otherwise cited, data is drawn from (a) internal, cited narratives (Appendices 4B, II, II, and III and their attachments, charts and details (of which some cross-references are included here as examples of sources), and (b) from Ency. pp. 82, 84, 91-99. Question marks indicate uncertain data. 2 Major established or strongly suggested years are given as points of reference. A number of years, routinely advanced, are not included in that they pose irreconcilables in progression (e.g. 105 b.c.e. as deposal of Ptolemy IX and restoration of Ptolemy X, it being reported “king’ Alexander I Janneus assisted, while his generally assigned date of ascendance is 103). -
Week 1 Emotions
sundayfebruaryseventhtwothousandtwentyonead FEAR Emotions: Getting A Grip On Your Heart & Mind Pattern #3 The __________________ Pattern #1 The __________________ 1 Samuel 21:6 Since there was no other food available, the priest gave him the holy bread—the Bread of the Presence that was placed before the Lord in the Tabernacle. It had just been replaced that day with fresh bread. (NLT) 1 Samuel 21:1 David went to the town of Nob to see Ahimelech the priest. Ahimelech trembled when he saw him. “Why are you alone?” he asked. “Why is no one with you?” (NLT) 1 Samuel 21:7 Now Doeg the Edomite, Saul’s chief herdsman, was there that day, having been detained before the Lord. (NLT) 1 Samuel 21:2 “The king has sent me on a private matter,” David said. “He told me not to tell anyone why I am here. I have told my men where to meet me later. (NLT) Pattern #4 The __________________ Pattern #2 The __________________ 1 Samuel 21:8 David asked Ahimelech, “Do you have a spear or sword? The king’s business was so urgent that I didn’t even have time to grab a weapon!” (NLT) 1 Samuel 21:3 Now, what is there to eat? Give me fve loaves of bread or anything else you have.” 1 Samuel 21:9 “I only have the sword of Goliath the Philistine, 4 “We don’t have any regular bread,” the priest replied. “But there whom you killed in the valley of Elah,” the priest replied. “It is is the holy bread, which you can have if your young men have wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. -
High Priests Garments and History
THE HIGH PRIEST - GARMENTS AND HISTORY Historical Significance and Symbolism Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST • Brief Introduction • Appearance in the VSL • Garments – Biblical Explanations – Use in Royal Arch • Observations Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM TRIVIA • Master of the Chapter – in United States – Excellent High Priest, King, and Scribe • In United Kingdom – First, Second, Third Principal • In Ireland – Excellent King, High Priest and Chief Scribe Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM TRIVIA • In United Kingdom – First, Second, Third Principal – Most Excellent Zerubbabel Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST • Master of a Chapter • Member of the Grand Council • Past High Priest – Wears a distinctive Symbol Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM ROYAL ARCH - HIGH PRIEST SYMBOL • Is the Breastplate of the High Priest of Israel • Described in Exodus 28 • Created in Exodus 39 • Worn by Aaron in Leviticus 8 Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST OF ISRAEL • Aaron was the first – Exodus 28 • Was to be successive through Aaron’s line – Aaron Eleazar Phinehas Abishua Bukki Uzzi – Ithamar Eli Ahitub Ahijah Ahimelech Abiathar • Solomon – Abiathar Zadok (High Priest at completion of the First Temple) Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE FIRST TEMPLE • David – Abiathar and Zadok were High Priests in tandem • Solomon – When Adonijah tries to claim power and kingship • Abiathar sides with Adonijah’s camp – David near death proclaims Solomon