SOUTH FLORIDA ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION (SFER) PROGRAM Program Structure
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Wilderness on the Edge: a History of Everglades National Park
Wilderness on the Edge: A History of Everglades National Park Robert W Blythe Chicago, Illinois 2017 Prepared under the National Park Service/Organization of American Historians cooperative agreement Table of Contents List of Figures iii Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Footnotes xv Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s 1 Chapter 2: Early Conservation Efforts in the Everglades 40 Chapter 3: The Movement for a National Park in the Everglades 62 Chapter 4: The Long and Winding Road to Park Establishment 92 Chapter 5: First a Wildlife Refuge, Then a National Park 131 Chapter 6: Land Acquisition 150 Chapter 7: Developing the Park 176 Chapter 8: The Water Needs of a Wetland Park: From Establishment (1947) to Congress’s Water Guarantee (1970) 213 Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: The Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project 237 Chapter 10: Wilderness Values and Wilderness Designations 270 Chapter 11: Park Science 288 Chapter 12: Wildlife, Native Plants, and Endangered Species 309 Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay 353 Chapter 14: Control of Invasive Species and Native Pests 373 Chapter 15: Wildland Fire 398 Chapter 16: Hurricanes and Storms 416 Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources 430 Chapter 18: Museum Collection and Library 449 Chapter 19: Relationships with Cultural Communities 466 Chapter 20: Interpretive and Educational Programs 492 Chapter 21: Resource and Visitor Protection 526 Chapter 22: Relationships with the Military -
Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources
Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources Everglades National Park was created primarily because of its unique flora and fauna. In the 1920s and 1930s there was some limited understanding that the park might contain significant prehistoric archeological resources, but the area had not been comprehensively surveyed. After establishment, the park’s first superintendent and the NPS regional archeologist were surprised at the number and potential importance of archeological sites. NPS investigations of the park’s archeological resources began in 1949. They continued off and on until a more comprehensive three-year survey was conducted by the NPS Southeast Archeological Center (SEAC) in the early 1980s. The park had few structures from the historic period in 1947, and none was considered of any historical significance. Although the NPS recognized the importance of the work of the Florida Federation of Women’s Clubs in establishing and maintaining Royal Palm State Park, it saw no reason to preserve any physical reminders of that work. Archeological Investigations in Everglades National Park The archeological riches of the Ten Thousand Islands area were hinted at by Ber- nard Romans, a British engineer who surveyed the Florida coast in the 1770s. Romans noted: [W]e meet with innumerable small islands and several fresh streams: the land in general is drowned mangrove swamp. On the banks of these streams we meet with some hills of rich soil, and on every one of those the evident marks of their having formerly been cultivated by the savages.812 Little additional information on sites of aboriginal occupation was available until the late nineteenth century when South Florida became more accessible and better known to outsiders. -
Vegetation Trends in Indicator Regions of Everglades National Park Jennifer H
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons GIS Center GIS Center 5-4-2015 Vegetation Trends in Indicator Regions of Everglades National Park Jennifer H. Richards Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, [email protected] Daniel Gann GIS-RS Center, Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/gis Recommended Citation Richards, Jennifer H. and Gann, Daniel, "Vegetation Trends in Indicator Regions of Everglades National Park" (2015). GIS Center. 29. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/gis/29 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the GIS Center at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in GIS Center by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Final Report for VEGETATION TRENDS IN INDICATOR REGIONS OF EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK Task Agreement No. P12AC50201 Cooperative Agreement No. H5000-06-0104 Host University No. H5000-10-5040 Date of Report: Feb. 12, 2015 Principle Investigator: Jennifer H. Richards Dept. of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami, FL 33199 305-348-3102 (phone), 305-348-1986 (FAX) [email protected] (e-mail) Co-Principle Investigator: Daniel Gann FIU GIS/RS Center Florida International University Miami, FL 33199 305-348-1971 (phone), 305-348-6445 (FAX) [email protected] (e-mail) Park Representative: Jimi Sadle, Botanist Everglades National Park 40001 SR 9336 Homestead, FL 33030 305-242-7806 (phone), 305-242-7836 (Fax) FIU Administrative Contact: Susie Escorcia Division of Sponsored Research 11200 SW 8th St. – MARC 430 Miami, FL 33199 305-348-2494 (phone), 305-348-6087 (FAX) 2 Table of Contents Overview ............................................................................................................................ -
Just the Facts: North Fork of the St. Lucie River Water Reservation
North Fork of St. Lucie River, page 1 April 2015 North Fork of the St. Lucie River Water Reservation The joint state-federal Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) identifies restoration of the Indian River Lagoon – South as an integral step in achieving systemwide benefits in the south Florida ecosystem. Subject to extreme salinity variations, the St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon together are home to more just the than 50 endangered or threatened species. Restoring a more natural volume, timing and FA CTs distribution of flows to the river, floodplain and estuary will give native plant and animal life a better opportunity for recovery. This fact sheet is provided as a The Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 2000 required the South Florida reference to encourage a greater Water Management District to legally protect water intended for the natural system understanding of the various before any federal funding could be authorized to construct the CERP Indian River issues related to managing Lagoon – South project. The District adopted a water reservation rule for the North water in South Florida. Fork of the St. Lucie River, and construction is underway on the C-44 Reservoir and Stormwater Treatment Area components. Defining water reservations • A water reservation is a legal mechanism to set aside water for the protection of fish and wildlife or public health and safety. When a water reservation is in place, quantities and timing of water flows at specific locations are protected for the natural system. The necessary quantities and timing are determined using data which link local hydrology to the needs of fish and wildlife. -
Interrelationships Among Hydrological, Biodiversity and Land Use Features of the Pantanal and Everglades
Interrelationships among hydrological, biodiversity and Land Use Features of the Pantanal and Everglades Biogeochemical Segmentation and Derivation of Numeric Nutrient Criteria for Coastal Everglades waters. FIU Henry Briceño. Joseph N. Boyer NPS Joffre Castro 100 years of hydrology intervention …urban development 1953 1999 Naples Bay impacted by drainage, channelization, and urban development FDEP 2010 SEGMENTATION METHOD Six basins, 350 stations POR 1991 (1995)-1998. NH4, NO2, TOC, TP, TN, NO3, TON, SRP, DO, Turbidity, Salinity, CHLa, Temperature Factor Analysis (PC extraction) Scores Mean, SD, Median, MAD Hierarchical Clustering NUMERIC NUTRIENT CRITERIA The USEPA recommends three types of approaches for setting numeric nutrient criteria: - reference condition approach - stressor-response analysis - mechanistic modeling. A Station’s Never to Exceed (NTE) Limit. This limit is the highest possible level that a station concentration can reach at any time A Segment’s Annual Geometric Mean (AGM) Limit. This limit is the highest possible level a segment’s average concentration of annual geometric means can reach in year A Segment’s 1-in-3 Years (1in3) Limit. This limit is the level that a segment average concentration of annual geometric means should be less than or equal to, at least, twice in three consecutive years. 1in3 AGM NTE 90% 80% 95% AGM : Annual Geometric Mean Not to be exceeded 1in3 : Annual Geometric Mean Not to exceed more than once in 3 yrs Biscayne Bay, Annual Geometric Means 0.7 AGMAGM Limit : Not to be exceeded 0.6 (Annual Geometric Mean not to be exceeded) 1in31in3 Limit : Not to exceed more 0.5 (Annualthan Geometric once Mean in not 3 to beyears exceeded more than once in 3 yrs) 0.4 0.3 Total Nitrogen, mg/LNitrogen, Total 0.2 Potentially Enriched 0.1 SCO NCO SNB NCI NNB CS SCM SCI MBS THRESHOLD ANALYSIS Regime Shift Detection methods (Rodionov 2004) Cumulative deviations from mean method CTZ CHLa Zcusum Threshold 20 0 -20 Cusum . -
Environmental Plan for Kissimmee Okeechobee Everglades Tributaries (EPKOET)
Environmental Plan for Kissimmee Okeechobee Everglades Tributaries (EPKOET) Stephanie Bazan, Larissa Gaul, Vanessa Huber, Nicole Paladino, Emily Tulsky April 29, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY…………………...………………………………………..4 2. MISSION STATEMENT…………………………………....…………………………………7 3. GOVERNANCE……………………………………………………………………...………...8 4. FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL POLICIES…………………………………………..…..10 5. PROBLEMS AND GOALS…..……………………………………………………………....12 6. SCHEDULE…………………………………....……………………………………………...17 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………....17 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..……………………....18 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure A. Map of the Kissimmee Okeechobee Everglades Watershed…………………………...4 Figure B. Phosphorus levels surrounding the Kissimmee Okeechobee Everglades Watershed…..5 Figure C. Before and after backfilling of the Kissimmee river C-38 canal……………………….6 Figure D. Algae bloom along the St. Lucie River………………………………………………...7 Figure E. Florida’s Five Water Management Districts………………………………………........8 Figure F. Three main aquifer systems in southern Florida……………………………………....14 Figure G. Effect of levees on the watershed………………………………………...…………...15 Figure H. Algal bloom in the KOE watershed…………………………………………...………15 Figure I: Canal systems south of Lake Okeechobee……………………………………………..16 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Primary Problems in the Kissimmee Okeechobee Everglades watershed……………...13 Table 2: Schedule for EPKOET……………………………………………………………….…18 3 1. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY The Kissimmee Okeechobee Everglades watershed is an area of about -
The Role of Collaboration in Everglades Restoration
The Role of Collaboration in Everglades Restoration A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty By Kathryn Irene Frank In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in City and Regional Planning Georgia Institute of Technology August 2009 Copyright © Kathryn Irene Frank 2009 The Role of Collaboration in Everglades Restoration Approved by: Dr. Bruce Stiftel Dr. Michael L. Elliott, Advisor College of Architecture College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Bryan G. Norton Dr. Cheryl K. Contant School of Public Policy Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology and Dean University of Minnesota Morris Date Approved: August 21, 2009 Dr. C. Ronald Carroll School of Ecology University of Georgia THE ROLE OF COLLABORATION IN EVERGLADES RESTORATION VOLUME I By Kathryn Irene Frank ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Michael Elliott, for sharing his wide-ranging wisdom and helping me not get bogged down in the Everglades (data, that is). Dr. Elliott led me to question my assumptions and clarify my thinking, and, most importantly, reminded me of what I had set out to do. I am also indebted to my dissertation committee members, Dr. Cheryl Contant, Dr. Ron Carroll, Dr. Bruce Stiftel, and Dr. Bryan Norton, for lending their superb expertise. Together, the committee encouraged me to reach the dissertation’s full potential. Furthermore, this dissertation would not have been possible without the assistance of many individuals and organizations who provided the Everglades case data. I especially appreciate the governance leaders who generously agreed to be interviewed and welcomed me to observe their collaborative meetings. -
Chapter 1: the Everglades to the 1920S Introduction
Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s Introduction The Everglades is a vast wetland, 40 to 50 miles wide and 100 miles long. Prior to the twentieth century, the Everglades occupied most of the Florida peninsula south of Lake Okeechobee.1 Originally about 4,000 square miles in extent, the Everglades included extensive sawgrass marshes dotted with tree islands, wet prairies, sloughs, ponds, rivers, and creeks. Since the 1880s, the Everglades has been drained by canals, compartmentalized behind levees, and partially transformed by agricultural and urban development. Although water depths and flows have been dramatically altered and its spatial extent reduced, the Everglades today remains the only subtropical ecosystem in the United States and one of the most extensive wetland systems in the world. Everglades National Park embraces about one-fourth of the original Everglades plus some ecologically distinct adjacent areas. These adjacent areas include slightly elevated uplands, coastal mangrove forests, and bays, notably Florida Bay. Everglades National Park has been recognized as a World Heritage Site, an International Biosphere Re- serve, and a Wetland of International Importance. In this work, the term Everglades or Everglades Basin will be reserved for the wetland ecosystem (past and present) run- ning between the slightly higher ground to the east and west. The term South Florida will be used for the broader area running from the Kississimee River Valley to the toe of the peninsula.2 Early in the twentieth century, a magazine article noted of the Everglades that “the region is not exactly land, and it is not exactly water.”3 The presence of water covering the land to varying depths through all or a major portion of the year is the defining feature of the Everglades. -
Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 COLA
Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 COL Application Part 2 — FSAR SUBSECTION 2.4.1: HYDROLOGIC DESCRIPTION TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.4 HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING ..................................................................2.4.1-1 2.4.1 HYDROLOGIC DESCRIPTION ............................................................2.4.1-1 2.4.1.1 Site and Facilities .....................................................................2.4.1-1 2.4.1.2 Hydrosphere .............................................................................2.4.1-3 2.4.1.3 References .............................................................................2.4.1-12 2.4.1-i Revision 6 Turkey Point Units 6 & 7 COL Application Part 2 — FSAR SUBSECTION 2.4.1 LIST OF TABLES Number Title 2.4.1-201 East Miami-Dade County Drainage Subbasin Areas and Outfall Structures 2.4.1-202 Summary of Data Records for Gage Stations at S-197, S-20, S-21A, and S-21 Flow Control Structures 2.4.1-203 Monthly Mean Flows at the Canal C-111 Structure S-197 2.4.1-204 Monthly Mean Water Level at the Canal C-111 Structure S-197 (Headwater) 2.4.1-205 Monthly Mean Flows in the Canal L-31E at Structure S-20 2.4.1-206 Monthly Mean Water Levels in the Canal L-31E at Structure S-20 (Headwaters) 2.4.1-207 Monthly Mean Flows in the Princeton Canal at Structure S-21A 2.4.1-208 Monthly Mean Water Levels in the Princeton Canal at Structure S-21A (Headwaters) 2.4.1-209 Monthly Mean Flows in the Black Creek Canal at Structure S-21 2.4.1-210 Monthly Mean Water Levels in the Black Creek Canal at Structure S-21 2.4.1-211 NOAA -
Fisheries Research 213 (2019) 219–225
Fisheries Research 213 (2019) 219–225 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fisheries Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fishres Contrasting river migrations of Common Snook between two Florida rivers using acoustic telemetry T ⁎ R.E Bouceka, , A.A. Trotterb, D.A. Blewettc, J.L. Ritchb, R. Santosd, P.W. Stevensb, J.A. Massied, J. Rehaged a Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Florida Keys Initiative Marathon Florida, 33050, United States b Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave. Southeast, St Petersburg, FL, 33701, United States c Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Charlotte Harbor Field Laboratory, 585 Prineville Street, Port Charlotte, FL, 33954, United States d Earth and Environmental Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th street, AHC5 389, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handled by George A. Rose The widespread use of electronic tags allows us to ask new questions regarding how and why animal movements Keywords: vary across ecosystems. Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) is a tropical estuarine sportfish that have been Spawning migration well studied throughout the state of Florida, including multiple acoustic telemetry studies. Here, we ask; do the Common snook spawning behaviors of Common Snook vary across two Florida coastal rivers that differ considerably along a Everglades national park gradient of anthropogenic change? We tracked Common Snook migrations toward and away from spawning sites Caloosahatchee river using acoustic telemetry in the Shark River (U.S.), and compared those migrations with results from a previously Acoustic telemetry, published Common Snook tracking study in the Caloosahatchee River. -
Of 6 62-302.532 Estuary-Specific Numeric Interpretations of The
FAC 62-302.532 Estuary-Specific Numeric Interpretations of the Narrative Nutrient Criterion Effective Date: 12/20/2012 62-302.532 Estuary-Specific Numeric Interpretations of the Narrative Nutrient Criterion. (1) Estuary-specific numeric interpretations of the narrative nutrient criterion in paragraph 62-302.530(47)(b), F.A.C., are in the table below. The concentration-based estuary interpretations are open water, area-wide averages. The interpretations expressed as load per million cubic meters of freshwater inflow are the total load of that nutrient to the estuary divided by the total volume of freshwater inflow to that estuary. Page 1 of 6 FAC 62-302.532 Estuary-Specific Numeric Interpretations of the Narrative Nutrient Criterion Effective Date: 12/20/2012 Estuary Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen Chlorophyll a (a) Clearwater Harbor/St. Joseph Sound Annual geometric mean values not to be exceeded more than once in a three year period. Nutrient and nutrient response values do not apply to tidally influenced areas that fluctuate between predominantly marine and predominantly fresh waters during typical climatic and hydrologic conditions. 1. St.Joseph Sound 0.05 mg/L 0.66 mg/L 3.1 µg/L 2. Clearwater North 0.05 mg/L 0.61 mg/L 5.4 µg/L 3. Clearwater South 0.06 mg/L 0.58 mg/L 7.6 µg/L (b) Tampa Bay Annual totals for nutrients and annual arithmetic means for chlorophyll a, not to be exceeded more than once in a three year period. Nutrient and nutrient response values do not apply to tidally influenced areas that fluctuate between predominantly marine and predominantly fresh waters during typical climatic and hydrologic conditions. -
Everglades to Okeefenokee – a Thousand Miles Through the Heart of Florida
FLORIDA WILDLIFE CORRIDOR EXPEDITION: EVERGLADES TO OKEEFENOKEE – A THOUSAND MILES THROUGH THE HEART OF FLORIDA The vision of the Florida Wildlife Corridor is to connect natural lands and waters throughout peninsular Florida, from the Everglades to Okeefenokee in southeast Georgia. Despite extensive fragmentation of the landscape in recent decades, a statewide network of connected natural areas is still possible. The first step is raising awareness about the fleeting opportunity we have to connect natural and rural landscapes in order to protect the waters that sustain us, the working farms and ranches that feed us, the forests that clean our air, and the combined habitat these lands provide for Florida’s diverse wildlife, including panthers and black bears. Our goal is to increase public awareness for the Corridor idea through a broad-reaching media campaign, with the Florida Wildlife Corridor Expedition as the center of the outreach strategy. January 17, 2012 marks the kick off the 1000 mile expedition over a 100 day period to increase public awareness and generate support for the Florida Wildlife Corridor. Photographer Carlton Ward Jr, bear biologist Joe Guthrie, conservationist Mallory Lykes Dimmitt and filmmaker Elam Stoltzfus will trek from the Everglades National Park toward Okefenokee National Forest in southern Georgia. They will traverse the wildlife FLORIDA WILDLIFE habitats, watersheds and participating working farms and ranches, which comprise CORRIDOR the Florida Wildlife Corridor opportunity area. KEY ISSUES: The team will document the corridor through photography, video, radio reports, • Protecting and restoring dispersal and daily updates on social media networks, and a host of activities for reporters, migration corridors essential for the landowners, celebrities, conservationists, politicians and other guests.