11460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 16 Lieutenants (Junior Grade) Byron F. Harper, Jr. William C. Owsley Spencer A. Gedestad James H. Snyder Lawrence H. Eding Dean K. Marquardt Wiley H .- Harrison William F. Park Cparles E. Gleason Me~ers Thornton Frank M. Laurenzano Albert R. Marschall Edward G. Haskell, Jr.William T. Patton Frank E. Grogman George Ulrich Bernard L. Hansen William B. Stephen- Earl A. Hathaway Donald F. Percy Melvin L. HermsmeyerCurtis J. Vague John J. Manning, Jr. son Milford D. Hayden Samuel R. Penn Everard F. Jones John R. Waggner Benjamin T. Dibble Allen S. Waters John S. Hayes James C. Peterson Frank J. Kratochvil,Harvey P. Webre Robert B. Jarvis Joe R. Wilson Edwin A. Henck Charles A. S. Phillips Jr. Howard T. Williamson Ray A. Henn Leonard v: Phillips Donald E. Parry Ensigns Carl M. Herbert, Jr. William H. Plesscher George E. Livingf?ton Donald G. Iselin John T. Hicks, Jr. John R. Pollock, Jr. To be ensigns in the Nurse Corps of the Navy Vershall A. Roy Albert M. LaLande, Raymond W. HillyardJack W. Pou Mary F : Barrett Dorothea M. Johnson James T. Acuff Jr. Harland V. Hippen- James M. Poynter . Elaine H. Baumann Mary L. Kleckner Earl I. Boyd Edward M. Saunders steel, Jr. Lyle H. Prenzler Bettie L. Beach Floy G. Mangold Robert J. Farley Nelson C. Simonson Robert R. Hirst Elmer M. Purcell, Jr. .Eleanor C. Beste Ruby L. Morden Charles J. Forquer Walter W. Vander Bert J. Hoeflich · John W. Reece Anna Birardi Lola M. Paulie William J. Francy Walk," Jr. Richard F. Hoffman Walter D. Reese Virginia I. Brown Wanda E. Pizorka Appointments to the grades indicat~d jn the John W. Hollowell Robert N. Reynolds Ann M. Chamblin Marie Poljanac Dental Corps of the Navy Alden V. Holmes Stanley T. Robinson Shirley A. Dobbs Mary M. Rhodes Ethel C. A. Eusenbio Annette Rutkosky Lieutenant Commanders Roy W. Holmes Matthew P. Romeo Charles C. · Houghton, Robert C. Rossberg Grace E. Hall Nellie J. Smoogen Gus J. Jerkofsky Jr. Albert G. Rowe Imogene Hathaway Allee M. Taraskas Harry E. Pump Marion B. Howorth,Paul W. Scanlon Annie V. Hopple Irene D. Walker Appointment to the gra'Cle indicated in the Jr. Peter W. Schneider Mary E. Howard Medical Service Corps of the Navy . James B. Hutcheson Morgan E. Scott IN THE MARINE CORPS William Ingram, Jr. Martin A. Seidell Lieutenant (Junior .Grade) To be second lieutenants in the Marine Corps Woodrow C. Manley Harry S. Irvine, Jr. Robert R. Sexton . Lyle F. Jacobson Edwin P. Shanks from June 6, 1947 Appointments to the grades indicated in ·the Paul A. Jarand Daniel M. Shook · Carl R. Dennis Nurse Corps of the Navy Alvin C. Jensen Harrison "H" Shoul- Harold K. Thompson, Jr. Lieutenants Ralph A. Jessar ders, Jr. Jack Westerman Mary R. Anderson Edna A. Reeves Morton Johan Thomas A. Sinclair To be a second lieutenant in the Marine Anna M. Dillon. Ida A. Thompson Harold G. Johnson Ronald B. Slater Corps from June 4, 1948 Lawrence W. JohnsonEdward M. Smith, Jr. Edith M. Macha Adelyn M. Yankowski Dona1d R. Hughes. Mary F. Parker Robert L. Justice Jull1en L. Smith John A. King David J. Stahl . Lieutenants (J?nior Grade) William E. King, Jr. Carl C. Stanford Elois M. Duffy Lindsay J. Kirkham Marshall K. Steele, Jr. Kathryn E. Lopartz Robert J. Kleinhenz Marshall P. Stonestreet J:IOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES , Celia Z. Pipkin Martin Koeck III · Fred Sutliff Ensign Donald R. Koerner John E. Sweeney TUESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1947 Edith M. Devoe "Walter P. Kosar Richard E. Symmonds Michael J. Langan Lloyd McC. Taylor The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Appointment to the commissioned warrant William E. Larsen George V. Teter, ·Jr. grade indicated Thomas B. Lebherz George W. Thoma, Jr. Dr. Clarence' W ~ Cranford, Calvary Chief Boatswain John R. Lee, Jr. Clayton L. Thomas Baptist Church, Washington, D. C., of John Buday Harvey L. Lehman, Jr Edwin M. Tomlin fered the following prayer: Oliver S. Leinart, Jr. Willard W. Tornow To be ensigns in the Navy with rank jrom Thomas H. Lewis Lockland V. Tyler, Jr. We thank Thee, 0 God, for this mo June 4, 1948 Robert H. Lister Frank H. Voelz ment of prayer. It may seem unim Charles W. Hallagan Edward F. Krueger Richard E. Luehrs ~ohn S. Walker portant to take time to pray in a world Thomas M. Hopkins Joseph J. Paulis, Jr. Dennis P. McCarthy Herbert L. Walter in which there is so much to do. But To be ensigns in the Supply Corps of the Francis C. McMains Stephen H. Ware, Jr. help us to believe it is never unimportant Navy w~th rank from June 4, 1948 Charles D. McMillan Charles J. Watkins . Dan G. McNamara Alan D. Watson to seek the Divine Will-that unless we Warren w.· Barker give attention to those spiritual matters George A. Murphy Gordon B. Mag111 Lorrain E. Watters Joseph K. Maloy Robert N. Webster that make for character and good will, To be lieutenants (junior grade) in the Isaac V. Manly John P. Welborn Medical Corps of the Navy we may succeed in building a -world in James H. Manly, Jr. Peter F. Wells II which our very cleverness may be the Leon A. Adams David G. Doane "C" "L" Manning, Jr.John F. Wetegrove means of our undoing. We pray in Thomas A. Anderson William C. Drennan Francis Marshall James E. Whiteside Robert J. Audet Arthur B. Dubois Allen L. Miller Frederick G. F. Wie- Jesus' name. Amen. Charles E. Bancroff Merlin K. Duval, Jr. Lewis C. Mills gand Paul E. Barber George S. Ellis The Journal of the proceedings of yes William D. Misbach Harry K. Wieman terday was read and approved. Jack Barrow Jerome C. Evanson Charles W. Moffett Stewart A. Wilber Frederick B. Becker Richard S. Farr Robert P. Moore Chester A. Williams, MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Paul B. Bender John S. Featherston James F. Morrell Jr. Jack C. Berger John C. Filkins Samuel L. Moschella Robert G. W. Williams, A message from the Senate, by Mr. Richard C. Bishop · Donald R. Fitch Thomas J. Murphy Jr. Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that Walter L. Blackadar, Gregory E. Flynn Lincoln D. Nelson James "K" VanA. Will- the Senate disagrees to· the amtndment Jr. Ralph V. Ford Claude R. Nichols, Jr. son • of the House to the bill 1s going to get anywhere with any in a 10-day diet of pulse and water "their -the Midwest - ~s v~ry low. They sure vestigation until this House passes a reso countenances appeared fairer and fatter have not anything to crow about_if they lution requiring the departments to give in :flesh than all the children which did are bringing from 7 to 10 cent~ a pound. us information when we ask for it. These e~et the portion of the king's meat." The SPEAKER. The time of the gen speculators, these fellows _who are mak Thus the State Department had Bibli tleman from Wisconsin has expired. ing money because they happen to be on cal backing for its proposal that pulses SHORTAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS the inside and have some information be shipped to Italy. Mr. BRYSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask which permits them to play the market EXTENSION OF REMARKS successfully, are hiding behind a well unanimous consent to address the House established principle of this and preced Mr. SMITH of Wi~consin asked and· for 1 minute and to revise and extend ing administrations of telling us every was given permission to extend his own my remarks. time we want to know something that, if remarks in the RECORD. The SPEAKER. Is there. objection to they give us the information we want, the . Mr. COX asked and was given permis:.. the request of the gentleman from South Nation will be wrecked; we are going sion to ·extend his remarks in the Ap Carolina? right out of existence as a nation if Con pendix of the RECORD and include an There was no objection. gress gets the information it seeks. editorial. Mr. BRYSON. Mr. Speaker, during I will give you an illustration, These Mr. JARMAN asked and was given the past several days, I have been re four gangsters, who were paroled. just a permis~ion to extend his remarks in the ceiving repeated calls, telegrams, letters, few days after they became eligible, were Appendix of the RECORD and include a and other communications from my dis convicted of a conspiracy to extort a mil speech of President Collier, of the B. F. trict regarding the acute shortage of lion dollars from a business concern. Gpodrich Co., at the Goodrich plant in petroleum products. The county road They were sentenced to prison for 10 Mr. JARMAN's district. supervisors are unable to operate their years. A few days after the 3 years ex Mr. LANE asked and was given per road machinery by reason of the fact pired and they became eligible for parole, mission to extepd his remarks in the they cannot get necessary oil. Our RECORD and include a newspaper item. roads need to be worked and otherwise out they went. We ask'ed the FBI to send Mr. ANDREWS of Alabama asked and us a report on those fellows, as to how looked after ·during the winter months was given permission to extend his more than at any other season. those paroles came about who engi remarks in the RECORD- and include an n~ered them, and who, if anyone, was During the past few years, residents of editorial. . our section.have been encouraged to con paid. Do you know what they did? The 'Mr. GARY. asked and was given per- FBI made . an investigation and they vert their coal-burning furnaces and mission to extend his remarks· in the other heating facilities to oil. This turned it over to the Justice Department, -RECORD and include a statement of and Tom Clark tells us, in effect, it is change was advocated by reason of the Mr. Charles E. Heinrichs before the Fer shortage of. coal due to strikes and other none of our busint;SS, and sends . up a tilizer Subcommittee of the House Com summary, which is just gossip that the wise and, also, by reason of the very high mittee on Agriculture. price now charged for coal. Many of our information belongs to the Justice De Mr. JOHNSON · of Oklahoma asked .partment. I can understand why Tom veterans who have been successful in and was given permission to extend his getting houses, heat their homes with Clark and the Justice Department do not remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD. want Congress to know. They settled a Qil. Oftentimes a veteran has had great bunch of income-tax cases, where hun DEPRESSION PRICES OF 1947 difficulty, even under normal conditions, dreds of thousands of dollars were due to Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. ge'tting fuel oil due to the fact that in this Government,. for a few thousand Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to most instances he is a new customer. dollars. I asked the Treasury Depart address the House for 1 minute and to The dealers seem to give first considera- ment to let us take a look at the income revise and extend my remarks. tion to their regular customers. . tax returns and they said, "None of your The SPEAKER. Is there objection Kerosene is used quite generally for business." Now, this administration is to the request of the gentleman from cooking purposes. This is particularly protecting the worst bunch of crooks that Wisconsin? true in industrial communities. Unless ever existed, at least within your memory There was no objection. a greater 'SUpply of kerosene is soon pro and mine. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. vided,. many will go hungry. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen Speaker, I am afraid my New Deal I have communicated with all the tleman from Michigan has expired. friends are getting themselves out on authorities, including the White House, PULSES a long limb. You know we have heard urging that everything possible be done here for years about the prices that. to make these necessary petroleum prod Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani prevailed in 1932 when the world-wide 'llcts available and express the hope that mous consent to address the House for 1 depression started. I have just kind of immediate action will be taken in this minute and to revise and extend my re- checked up fn the last few days and I important matter. · marks. · find that we are now back about where EXTENSION OF ~EMARKS The SPEAKER. · Is there. objection to we were in 1932 _as far as the chicken the request of the gentleman from New business is concerned. In my particular Mr. BARTLETT aske(l and was given Yc-rk [Mr. BUCK]? State they are selling at 11 cents a pound. permission to extend his remarks in the There was no objection. In 1932 they were selling for 10.9 accord RECORD and include ·a letter. Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, during de ing to the official records of the BAE. Mr. BATTLE asked and was given per bate on H. R. 4604 my esteemed and I do not want to bring up any con mission to extend his remarks in the scholarly friend the gentleman from troversial matter but I think the time RECORD and include an article which ap Maine [Mr. HALE] asked me to define has come when this administration peare-d in the Birmingham Age-Herald "pulses" of which the State Department ought to p'ay some attention to the laws entitled "A New Labor League." had recommended shipment of $5 ,000,000 of the land and at least follow the laws Mr. KEFAUVER asked and was given worth to Italy. My definition was not that they passed when they were in permission to extend his remarks in the as definite as I .wish it had been. The power. The Steagall amendment passed, RECORD and include an article from the distinguished gentleman from Mississippi when they had control of this Congress. Chattanooga Times. [Mr. RANKIN] did not make substantial I do not· know how they expect us to Mr. RIZLEY asked and was given per contribution by opining that pulses are pass any law. they are going to follow.if mission to extend his remarks in the Ap .something which originate in Brooldyn, they will not even follow the ones ·they• pendix of the RECORD and include an edi I can now enlighten both gentlemen. themselves passed. · - torial from the Daily Oklahoman. Webster defines pulses as "edible seeds Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. Mrs. ST. GEORGE asked and was of various leguminous crops such as peas, Speaker, will the gentleman yield? given permission to extend her remarkS beans, lentils," and so forth. For the Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I yield. in the Appendix of the RECORD and in benefit of the gentleman from Missis Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I un clude an editorial. sippi, who often ·quotes the Bible with ef derstand that roosters are selling for 7 Mr. BARRETT asked and was given fectiveness, I refer him to chapter 1 of cents a pound. permission to extend his remarks in the the Book of Daniel. Therein it is related Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I know Appendix of the RECORD and include an of Daniel and his associates that after that the price of roosters an. through article by Mr. Curte Forstmann. 11464 .C-ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE DECEMBER 16 Mr. STEFAN asked and was given per ·orders, is the best way to remove politics Driscoll Scanlon's late superior told .him mission to extend his remarks in the Ap.:. from enfor.cement of mine safety. :that he was "just too da~ne4 honest." pendix of the RECORD and -inClude an Will it take another national mine nunois may well wish thltt those above him article. were cut from cloth half so good. disaster to awaken this Congress to "ts If any doubt remained as to the need for RESIGNATION OF MR. DRISCOLL SCANLON responsibility? Federal mine inspection with teeth to punish Herewith is included an editorial from ' safety violators it. has now been removed. Mr. PRICE of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I the St. Louis He said, "I have a brother over there that not to prosecute any ·cases the indict- J Mr. WELCH.. Under the title, "De wrote me and said, 'It is going to take us ments on which have not been presented partment of the Interior, Bureau of In- 43 years to rebuild ourselves.'" I wrote by the 1st of January. They anticipate dian Affairs, Welfare of Indians," is that ' back and said, "Why do you say· 43 years?" cleaning up the pending trials by April. ·intended to include Indians on ali Gov- He said, ''Well, the occupation a,rmy is Mr. TABER. That would help, but. it' ernment reservations? going to be here for 40 years, and when ought to be done more quickly than that. Mr. TABER. It is only intended to in they get out, in 3 years we will be back I will not mention the reclamation elude this particular item. Frankly, to normal life again.'' Maybe there is feature of the bill because I am going to under that, it could be used for other something in that. ' leave that to the gentleman from Iowa · places, but that is not what our intention Mr. TABER. There is an awful lot in [Mr. JENSEN]. is and is not what the Department said it, and there · is this picture: When I There is another item in the bill that it woUld be used for. landed in Germany there were over 700,- I should call attention to. There is a Mr. WELCH. The gentleman will re- 000 of their most active business people small item for the. Federal Security call that only a few days ago this House 1947 co-NGRESSIONAL-RECORD-HOUSE li469 ' unanimoJ.Isly passed an authorization of . tent tlle achievement of all, and, con-· No one can drive today through the $2,000,000 to meet the terrible distress versely, the failure to attain any one -of· wrecked and· shattered streets of Berlin, existing among the Navajo and Hopi In them affects adversely, to that extent, all once the seat of power and splendor, and dians. The Senate immediately passed of them. If starvation ·spreads· un a thousand other ...devastated European the bill, and it is now in the hands of the checked through Europe this winter, the· and Asiatic cities and fail to realize the President of the United States. The anticommunistic governments, which are fate that a\vaits every city in America Senate and· the House were unanimously maintaining their position by such a pre the first day, the first hour, we are un in accord that an authorization of $2,- carious margin, will be swept from power. able to defend them, the first day we lose 000,000 should be made. I will ask the If they fall, communism comes in. With control of the air. America is a rich and . chairman of the committee if he feels communism comes Russian control of opulent country. .. Its cities are overftow that $100,000, payable from funds held Europe and Asia, and with Russian con ing with treasures beyond the dreams of by the United States in trust for the trol of the Eastern Hemisphere our Gov Midas. What a price it would be. Such · Navajo Indians, is adequate to meet the etnment and our people are in dire peril spoils, such loot, such carnage, such ra distress existing at this time among the and a defensive war of survival is in pine, and plunder as it would afford a Navajo and Hopi Indians. evitable. · · modern Attila, such as sacked Vienna Mr. TABER. I have analyzed that The first step, the first link in· the and Warsaw. Certainly it is fantastic. situation carefully, · indicating that we chain, is the appropriation of funds to But we have lived to· see in our day and have provided $10 a month for each of · provide a minimum die·t for famine time scenes' beside which the sack of those whom the Department told us stricken Europe. With that in view the Rome an·d Carthage pale into insignifi ought to be on relief or ought to receive Committee on Appropriations brings in cance. The Vandals left the marble mag relief. If the gentleman has any better this bill to implement, more or less com nificence of Rome still standing but in information than that, I would be glad pletely qr incompletely, the authoriza Warsaw not one stone is left upon an- · to have it, but we were unable to find tion which the Congress passed with other. It is high time we take these les- · anything that indicated any larger practically unanimity last · week. The sons ·to heart. figure. question before us this afternoon · is Let us reduce the problem to its lowest Mr. ROBSION. Mr. Chairman, will whether it adequately carries out the common denominator. Hitler threw 220 the gentleman yield? directions of the Congress as expressed divisions against Russia. They were the Mr. TABER. I yield. in the legislative bill. best trained and most completely Mr. ROBSION . . How long has this Let us not minimize the significance equipped armies ever marshaled in re condition obtained among the · Navajo of the task before us. It is neither sim view. They were ready to the last Indians? ple nor inconsequential. We are deal buckle and they melted like snow-with Mr. TABER: It has been developing ing with tremendous forces and immeas Russia taken by surprise and half pre ever since this man Collier went in and urable consequences. There are Mem pared. In the entire war the United wrecked the' Bureau of Indian Affairs. bers sitting on · this :floor this afternoon States mustered only 89 divisions on · The CHAIRMAN. The time of the who can recall within the scope of their both fronts. It would require futile ' gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] service here when the daily proceedings months to again mobilize our 89 divi has again expired. were largely provincial and sufficient for sions. And if they marched into Russia Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, Con the day thereof. But we are today deal not a man would ever get back. Hitler gress convened in extra session with cer ing with questions of further reaching could tell you something about that. tain definite objectives in mind. importance than any ever previously de And_Napoleon tried it a hundred years We can enumerate them categorically: termined in councils of State or legisla before when Russian military power was First, to avoid, or at least to delay, the tive assemblies in the annals of man hardly more than a shadow. Third ·World War with the appalling kind. And the decisions will affect his "Oh," you say, "there is the Navy; we wastage of billions of property and mil tory for all the centuries to come. This hav.e the greatest Navy in the world." lions of lives which such a war would is the most powerful legislative body And you are right. It is more powerful inevitably involve. · the world ever saw and it sits in the than all other navies combined. But Second, to rehabilitate and revive and Capital of the nations. It has no time how can any navy blockade a hemi expapd American commerce throughout for petty trivialities. sphere? You cannot go to Moscow in a the world, but especially in the Eastern And the situation is urgent. Lights battleship. Hemisphere. blaze through the night in sequestered That leaves us only one other re Third, to stop the onward march of shipyards along remote Russian coast course-defense through the air. ·we communism and thereby protect and pre lines where the latest type of submarines · used it effectively in the last war. We serve our form of government, our way are being constructed on a round-the won through our superior production of of ·life, and life itself. clock schedule. In the inaccessible aircraft. But we are not winning now. Fourth, to support the · anticommu-. .hinterland of Russia modern jet planes We are turning out today approximately nistic governments of western Europe are being fabricated on models perfected 2,000 planes a year. While competent and Asia whose survival and mainte by Germany just as the war was clos authorities estimate that Russia will nance are essential to the solution of tbe ing. In teeming Russian laboratories produce 100,000 planes in 1948. The world problem confronting us today. covering hundreds of acres, secure from ratio is 2,000 American planes to 100,000 Fifth, to save vast numbers of people observation, every world scientist who Russian planes. in Europe from death through starva can be recruited or impressed is en And no on·e knows .better than our tion this winter by providing the mini gaged in research in every branch of selves the potency of air power. At the mum amount of food required to sustain chemistry, physics, and mechanics in an close of the war we had based on the life. effort to devise . the most destructive Marianas enough B-29's in service to Sixth, to maintain the world leader agencies that can be adapted to whole have destroyed, with sufficient supplies ship of the United States which has been · sale devastation. of atomic bombs, every city in- Japan thrust upon us, the abdication of which And in every quarter of eastern Europe w:ith a population in excess of 30,000 would leave world dictatorship in the and northern Asia millions of men are people. · hands of a regime more ruthless and being trained and indoctrinated for a The CHAIRMAN. The time of the barbaric than any which has menaced war of extermination. gentleman from Missouri has expired. mankind since the days of Genghis Khan. I do not have to ask you for whose Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I will And last and seventh, to establish and benefit these continent-wide activities are take 10 additional minutes. effectuate an equitable and enduring being pushed with such sustained and re With a superiority of 98 ,000 planes peace. lentless purpose. Fleets are being built, production a year and the explosives un Congress assembled with these seven air power is being created, research is be der production in their all-out labora objectives in view. They are, of course, ing prosecuted, and armies are being tories, how long would it take to destroy closely related and integrated; one in trained for what purpose? For the de.: every city in America with a population volves the other. Together they consti struction of · America. in excess of 30,000? And if you could-ac tute a chain in which no link can be "Oh" some say, "that is fantastic." complish that as expeditiously today as broken. The realization of any one of Certainly it is fantastic. Pearl Harbor we cotild have pulverized the cities of . them automatically involves to that ex- was fantastic. Japan at the close of the last war, what 11470 CONGRESSIO~AL . RECORD-- HOUSE DECEMBER-16- opportunity would there be for recupera mon sense, having in mind all the time France's exports to Belgium. Belgium t ion if all our production centers were re the tremendous responsibility resting herself is extremely hard pressed. She duced to rubble in the first 24 hours? upon us to maintain the status quo in· is barely able to keep her head above the You say it could not happen to us. western Europe. It is not merely a mat water. To take food away from France But it has already happened to everybody ter of people starving. In the last analy for this purpose means to sink both else. And if it has happened once it can sis it is a matter of preservation of the France. and Belgium. And the payment happen again. And we might be on the Ameri_can form of government. to Brazil is merely the excess of imports losing side next time if we are a little Let us take the first item in the alloca over exports but it involves all future im slow in taking off. Or if we are a little tion· to France. It is service of foreign ports from Brazil the discontinuation of obsolete in equipment. debt. And let me correct here and now which would be disastrous beyond the In other words, it is a condition· which a misapprehension under which some comparatively small amount listed. It is confronts us today. Not a hypothetical seem to be laboring with reference to the understanding that in the future situation for purely academic considera these items on page 4 of the report. such irpports from Brazil to France will tion. It is a condition which we must There is not one dollar in this bill for be financed on credit that France would meet and with which we must deal either the payment of this foreign debt or any arrange to avoid the accrual of a deficit. now or eventually other of these items. Not a penny pro The $10,000,000 payment to the ·Inter In our approach to this situation we vided in the bill or in the legislative au national Monetary Fund is France's pay have two alternatives. We can enter in thorization can be used for any such pur ment which renders her eligible for ap to a race of .armaments such as preceded pose. None of the funds in this entire plications to the fund. France must former wars. We can build more battle list can be used for any purpose except make this payment or lose her standing ships, build more planes, drill more men, to buy food. _ which would amount to a disadvantage and manufacture more guns. And that The contention of the committee is many times the amount of her contribu will, as usual, require some considerable that France and Italy have funds of their tion. outlay. In a report just released 'last own with which they cc,>uld buy food, but The CHAffiMAN. The time of the week a competent military authority which they propose to expend for these gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CANNON] estimated that if we adopted a program purposes. Therefore, ·they argue they has again expired. for construction of planes sufficient to should use such moneys to buy food in Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield protect our borders it would cost $3,000,- stead of spending it for these purposes, myself 10 additional minutes. 000,000 a year for air power alone. and the committee proposes to cut down Let us take the second $10,000,000 on That is one alternative. The other is the money provided in the bill for food page 4, listed as administrative and other to so strengthen the free governments to that extent. But to do that would expenditures. They try to tell us this of western Europe as to create a balance defeat the whole purpose of the bill. is for entertainment and cocktail parties. of power which, in cooperation with us, This payment on the foreign debt of That is thrown in merely to create preju will preserve the peace of the world. France is interest on her loan just se dice. The actual purpose for which this That is the plan which this bill propqses cured last year from the Export-Import comparatively small amount is to be to implement. We propose to feed starv Bank. All loans from this bank must be used is to maintain France's diplomatic ing cities in order to prevent the over repaid in full with interest. It was estab representation throughout the world. throw of non-Communist governments lished for that purpose, and with that in France has made tremendous and nota and maintain the integrity of the friend view and its operations are a fundamen ble, and heroic progress in balancing her ly powers of western Europe in order to tal part of the plan for the rehabilitation budget. While we were over there they make them self-sustaining and thereby of war-wrecked nations. If France told us that they were going to balance check the further spread of commu should fail to pay her interest, it would · the budget, and they did do it in the face nism ~nd preserve the peace of the be the first default and would be a dis of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. world. That is the purpose of this bill. astrous precedent. The Committee on They have reduced expenditures gener- . It is in effect a bill for national defense. Appropriations in this bill invites France ally and they have reduced expenditures But how far does the bill go towa.rd to repudiate her obligations to the Ex- · for this item to one-fifth of what it was the accomplishment of that purpose? . port-Import Blank. The committee in in the last quarter. We cannot leave Presumably it implements. the authori- . sists on it. The action of the committee France without representation in the zation which was given by the Congress . in that respect is an effort to disorganize chanceleries of the world.- How can the last week. Under that authorization, and destroy one of the key provisions present government of France be main enacted after days of exhaustive debate, for postwar recovery agreed upon by all tained, the government which the Com ~ and the rejection of numerous amend nations. And it proposes this astound munists have made every effort in the ments to increase and decrease the ing sabotage without any compensating last 3 months to destroy? How can we amou-nt, we finally determined by a prac advantage. For even if the proposal of support this upstanding anti-communis- tically unanimol,ls vote that the mini the committee is adopted not a penny . tic government, on which the survival of mum amount necessary to implement will be saved. Practically all of the in.:. western Europe depends if we deny her this program was $597,000,000. But the terest to be paid by France is due the this small amount for representation in Committee on Appropriations does not United States. So we have an anomalous the other countries of the world? Why, accept that figure. In a report which is situation here. If we pay for the food, it is absurd to even consider such a prop noteworthy for its verbiage rather than we get the interest. If we do not pay osition. its consequential conclusions, it proposes for the food, we do not get the interest. Now, let us take up the $22,000 ,000 for to reduce materially the amount pro It is six of one and half a dozen of the Italy. In the first place, $5,000,000 is vided essential for food. The legislative other. If we pay for the food, it comes provided for the settlement of claims of authorization provided barely enough to out of the United States; but the United United States nationals against Italy supply the minimum food requirement. States gets the interest in the exact under an agreement which was con If it varied in either direction it was too amount it pays for the food. And if we cluded in December 1946, last December; little rather than too much. It was con do not pay for the food, it does not come and it is a material scaling down of the ceded to be the irreducible minimum. out of the United States; but the United debts which they owe our nationals. So when we reduce the money carried States does not get its interest-in the Shall we encourage the Italian Govern in this bill for food, we to that extent exact amount it does not pay for the ment to default in its obligations to our hamstring the program for European food. It would be amusing if the con own citizens? Italy must do that if we recovery. To that extent we impair the sequences were not so serious. take this money out of this bill as the program for national defense. In the case of the International Bank committee proposes; there is no alterna They say, "Here are certain hidden loan, it is necessary that France pay its tive. In view of the millions of dollars items." There is nothing hidden here interest and maintain its credit with the of surplus-property credits extended at all. All items have been enumerated bank at all times and especially now throughout the world we certainly time and again. They were fully dis when it is making application for addi should not encourage a default ·on this cussed in the hearings. They are listed tional loans to help meet its urgent im debt which is owed to our own Govern in the report. Let us turn to page 4 of port needs in the near future. ment, owed to us. If we put the money the report· and consider them one at a Take the second item, due Belgium to in food we get the money back. If we _time in the light of actual facts and com- cover imports into France in excess of do not put the money in food we do not 1947 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD---iHQUSE 11471 get it back. Nothing ·is saved. The minister' foreign minister and finance of the commodities which we are to pro only thing that we do is ·to wreck the ·minister, with other ministers, with the vide under this bill. I have tried to get basic foundation of the plan upon which ·heads of ban~s of issue, wl.th -industrial simple tabular break-downs showing for world recovery must be achieved. -leaders, labor leaders, and leaders of each commodity the amount available, Now, mind you, the Committee on Ap finance; and in the Ruhr, with workers the amount of obligations against the propriations does not deny that the in the mines and at the blast furnaces, amount available, the amount called for whole· $597,000,000 is essential' to provide and with their wives and children in the under the two programs before us in this this food. They agree that the whole housing about the mines. We also had bill, so that the Congress and the people $597,000,000 is essential, but they seek by the benefit of the views of our diplomatic of the country as a whole could see ex· · subferfuge to pull this $88,000,000 out of and military staffs: · actly what it is we are called upon to do .. it, and though they do not save a penny Without going into detail I heard sta I regret that I have been unable to but they destroy the whole theory upon tistics indicating the alarming rate at obtain that information. There appears which the plan for po~twar recovery is which Russia is arming. I heard the tes to be no single agency and no single in based. timony of officials from the satellite dividual in this Government that can Mr. Chairman, we have here a grave countries as to the extent to which those present a simple, coordinated picture ln responsibility. countries are being purged under the these terms of the plan now before us. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the iron hand of Russia. I saw in· country The so-called Harriman committee, as gentleman from Missouri has expired. after country what to me was a viCious you will recall, was asked to determine Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield circle, on· the one hand, economic and . the limits within which this country myself two additional minutes. financial problems growing out of the could safely and wisely extend aid to Mr. Chairman, let us take heed· lest · war of the most severe· character, and, western Europe. If I understand it cor some day we again look back as we on the other hand, political problems of rectly, Mr. Chairman, the report of that looked back after Pearl Harbor. On the the greatest severity resulting -from the committee declines to take any position afternoon of December 7, 1941 how many threat of communism either within the a-s to the period after December 31, 1948, Members rec'alled votes ca.st again'st pro borders of the country or immediately and as to the period before that date visions for the Army, for the Navy, for outside of its borders. approves what is requested only by im the fortifications of Pacific bases? How Two hundred and sixty million people plication. many remembered bitter opposition to or more in western Europe, with a pre The Acting Secretary of State, Mr. the League of Nations which would have war production greater than this coun· Lovett, was more than cooperative with avoided a war the cost of which will never try, threatened with being overrun by this committee. He did his utmost to be fully tabulated? the forces of communism and losing their provide us with all information at his Stanley Baldwin and those who fol freedom against their will. command. He stated specifically, how lowed him looked back to those crucial I returned, Mr. · Chairman, with the ever, that he was 'in no position to give . days when Germany was arming, and conviction that affirmative action by the the assurance that I desired in respect England slept. . Congress was ·imperative and imperative to any of the commodities. He stated The CHAIRMAN. The time of the promptly. ·I believe that affirmative· ac that he was · dependent in that respect gentleman from Missouri has expired. tion is essential in the national interest. on the Department of Agriculture and Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 In the absence of stronger measures I on the_Department of Commerce. minutes to the. gentleman from Massa see no other alternative at this time. I The Secretary of Agriculture and the chusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH]. believe that a denial of affirmative action Secretary ·of Commerce both appeared Mr. -WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair at this time would serve to kill the spark before your committee. Neither of man, America today is confronted by two , of hope that has been kindled in western them, in my judgment, Mr. Chairman, outstanding dangers. Europe, would serve to destroy the· prin gave the type of information to which On the one hand, as .the result of waste cipal psychological barrier ·to the ad the Congress is entitled in the consider and extravagance and the spend-and vance of aggressive communism an'd ation of this bill. In fact, the testimony spend policy to which this Nation has would invite the moving of the iron cur of the Secretary of Commerce was :;o . adhered over a period of 15 years, we tain to the Atlantic and the Mediter vague and required so much research are confronted bY. the danger·of serious ranean in short order, with serious con that it did ·not arrive in time to be in inflation. On the other hand, as a re sequences to our national economy if cluded in the hearings and, as .far as I sult of decisions which have been made not to our national security. know, has not yet been received by the in the field of foreign affairs, we are con Having made that statement, Mr. Committee on Appropriations. fronted by the possibility of losing all Chairman: I want to qualify it as I have ~epresentatives of the Department of that we thought we had won after 4 ...qualified it in other public statements the Army, the Department of the In years of fighting, and of seeing the wave that I have·made. terior, the Army and Navy Petroleum of communism sweep throughout west Flrst. I believe that what we do should Commission, and the Ta:dff Commission ern Europe. be done on a short-term basis, as in this all appeared before the committee. One Either of these results can have con instance. A long-term basis destroys our supplied one piece of the picture puzzle, sequences of the greatest gravity to this influence. A short-term basis is not only another another, but nowhere did we get Nation of ours. The role of statesman fairer to America but, in my opinion, a comprehensive detailed statement such ship seems to be to try to steer a course strengthens the hands of the leaders of as I hoped and sought to obtain. between them. those countries that we seek to aid: As a · result, we are forced to rely During the past summer, like many Second. I believe that what we do largely, first, on what we are told is a Members of the Congress, I made a trip should be so supervised as to insure that table agreed to by the Departments of to the other side. In the past I have every dollar spent will be productive in Agriculture, Commerce, and. State, which been many times to Europe, at one time terms of recuperation and not wasted for you will find on page 229 of the hearings; putting in 4 years there working as as some political purpose as has happened second, on a statement by Secretary An sistant to the Agent Gener-al for Repara so often in the past. I regret that the derson to the effect that "520,000,000 tion Payments, representing the interests time element has prevented the setting bushels of grain is a perfectly safe figure of 12 nations, including our own, cred up of adequate supervision in connection to use as a minimum that we can ship"; itors of Germany as a result of World with this appropriation. and, third, on a statement by Secretary War I. Third. Mr. Chairman, it is obvious Harriman, which is not in the record for The trip which I made last summer that we must not do more than we can the reasons I have given, to the effect together with the gentleman from New do in fairness to ourselves and to the that he assumes as Secretary of Com York [Mr. TABER] and the gentleman rest of the world. ·To destroy our own merce full responsibility for all nonagri-· from Missouri LMr. CANNON], and in part economy· in trying to help others would cultural itenis. with the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. not only be suicidal but a catastrophe Mr. Chairman, before any long-term DIRKSEN], took me to nine separate coun from the standpoint of the entire world. program is considered by this House I tries all the way from Turkey to Eng AVAILABILITY EVIDENCE INADEQUATE hope that someone somehow will give us land. Now, Mr. Chairman, I have sought a coordinated detailed picture so that we It resulted in interviews in the coun throughout these hearings to get some can understand and the country can tries visited with practically every prime specific evidence of availability in terms understand exactly what is involved. • 11472 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 16 INTERIM AID Mr. mNSHAW. ·would the gentleman .said to be- required-f-or this program, if As has-been pointed out, the bill before care to discuss for a moment the occupa estimates are ~orrect, is infinitesimal- us carries an appropriation of $509,000,- · tion costs; or does he want to confine him- 1,800,000 barrels for the 4-month period. 000 for implementing the interim-aid bill. self to the subject he is presently speak The CHAIRMAN. The time of the It carries an appropriation of $230,000,- ing on? gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. 000 for implementing a · deficiency re- Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I would pre WIGGLESWORTH] has expired. quest for the occupied areas. It carries fer to complete my statement on interiin Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield certain other items, bringing up the total aid first. the gentleman five additional minutes. · -to about $772,7QO,OOO, about $345,000,000 Mr. HINSHAW. Would the gentle- Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Other com below the Budget estimates. man, then, when he completes his state- modities are discussed to some extent in The purposes of the interim-aid bill by ment discuss the occupation costs in the the hearings, but for the most 'part, as If this time are well known to us all. countries occupied? ~lready pointed out, we are forced' to you want a break-down of what is con- Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. ~ shall be rely on the table I ha.ve referred to and ·templated in the program, you will find glad to. . the assurances of the Secretary of Agri at pages 229 to 233 of the hearings, first, If you will turn to page 229 of the culture and the Secretary of Commerce. an over-all break-down for all countries hearings, you will find from the break We just have not got the detailed infor involved; second, break-downs individu- down to which I have already referred mation which should be available. ally for Austria, France, and Italy. I that this program calls for the furnish may add that no program is presented ing of grains and other food products, _ The effect on our economy is conse for China at this time, the State Depart- cotton, coal, petroleum supplies, aviation quently difficult if not impossible to pre ment stating specifically that it js not yet gas, fertilizers, miscellaneous agricultural dict. It probably· depends largely on ready to come forward with any such supplies, medical, hospital,. dental, and . how the program is administered. program. veterinarian supplies. The Secretary of Agriculture goes so The justification of the State Depart- Some of these items are in short far as to indicate, at page 24 of th~ hear ment was on the basis of $328,000,000 for supply. ings, 'that in his opinion this program France, $211,000,000 for Italy, and $58,- I wish it were possible to give the can be accomplished without any rise in 000,000 for Austria, with nothing for House the exact situation in respect to ·commodity prices. I confess it is very China. You will find at pages 267, 237, each item-that· information is not difficult for me to escape the conclusion and 269 of the hearings itemized tables available. that an increase in the price level is for Austria, France, and Italy, respec-· Grain is, of course, the major item. inevitable. We must entrust the pro tively, showing exactly how the over-all The testimony of the Secretary of Ag gram to those who will have charge of it. figures were arrived at, estimated dollar riculture is important in this connection. GOVERNMENT AND RELIEF IN THE OCCUPIED balances being deducted in each instance Starting with an over-all availability AREAS from estimated dollar needs. of 1,491,000,000 bushels of wheat, and The other most important item in this The authorization bill which was passed deducting from that 845,000,000 bushels bill is for government and relief in the by the Congress yesterday included not for food, seed, ·and feed, · he arrives at occupied areas, $230,000,000. only Austria, France, and Italy, but a balance ~of 646,0.00,000 bushels. Allow Six hundred million dollars has al China, and it is clear from the record ing .150,000,000. bushels for carry-over, ready been made available for this pur that your committee was supposed tore- into next year, there remains 500,000,000 pose. The deficiency request was for serve part of the authorization perhaps bushels of wheat available for export. $490,000,000. Your committee recom $60,000,000, for appropr{ation to China Using four hundred and fifty million of mends an appropriation of $230,000,000. when a program for China is received this total and adding 70,000,000 bushels The basis for the increase requested is; from the State Department. · of grain, he arrives at 520,000,000 bushels first, an item of $237,000,000 represent The appropriation suggested, by your .of grain available for export, a total . ing the estimated increase in the cost of committee is in the amount of $509,000,- which he states is "a perfectly s·afe figure feeding in the British zone in Germany, 000, or $88,000,000 less than,the authori- to use as a minimum that we can ship." with respect to which negotiations are zation. He also states that the program may : now pending between America and I submit that the reservation or with- go to 560,000,000 bushels. There remains · Britain. -· holding of ·funds is not only justified but to be bought about 120,000,000 bushels Second, the increase is due to higher required, in large measure at least, by of wheat and 3,000,000 bushels· of grain. prices, to decreased crops and similar the situation with respect to China, ·to . There appears to be nothing included causes. One million four hundred and which I . have· referred. If I understand in his figures for wastage or' for indus thirty -six thousand tons of crops less the gentleman from Missouri . (Mr. trial purposes. Doubt as to the accuracy · than estimates have been produced in CANNON], correctly, he would wipe out of the figures is thrown by·the conflict Germany; 453,000 tons less than esti all possible help under this authorization of figures appearing in the committee mates in Japan. for China, contrary to the expressed.will report and already referred to -by the You will find the details of this pro of the Congress in the authorization bill. chairman of the committee, the gentle gram on page 144 of the hearings. It· If $597,000,000 is appropriated for Aus- man from New York [Mr. TABERl. It is includes food products, agricultural sup tria, France, ~nd Italy, obviously nothing clear that more wheat is to be required plies and fertilizer, petroleum products, whatsoever will be left for China. for France and Italy than can be pro- · medical supplies and equipment, other The reservation or withholding of funds vided. The excess provided for niust be supplies, services and equipment, pay of to the extent of $88,000,000 is based also taken care· of in substitutes. civilian employees, travel of civilian em ·on the fact that certain items are in- • It is for this reason that this commit eluded in the program, most of which tee has inserted in substance the amend ployees and certain military personnel, appear to represent the service of inter- ment of the gentleman from Minnesota transp01;tation of civilian supplies, and governmental debt which might be de- [Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN] in order to incidental operating expenses. ferred, and which perhaps might be more insure that there shall be a minimum The reduction which the committee· properly considered in connection with a carry-over at the end of the yea.r of 150, recommends' is reflected first in a reduc long-range program. The items are listed . 000,000 bushels of wheat for use in this tion of $137,000,000 in respect to the esti in the committee report. country. mated amount necessary for feeding in The reservation or withholding of $88,- . · I invite your attention also to.the testi- the British zone in Germany, the com 000,000 makes it possible in January or . mony in respect to petroleum products, mittee feeling that the $100,000,000 pro in February or whenever the need is which shows tb,at the production, con vided is ample for the time being, that demonstrated, to make ·any part or all . sumption, exports, ·and imports are al we should take another look at the situa of that sum available to China or to most in balance today, and that any of tiop after negotiations are concluded. any one· of the other three nations now these products taken from this country It. is reflected in a reduction of under consideration. for abroad must either come out . of $122,000,000, or two-fourteenths of the Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, will domestic consumption or commercial amount otherwise available for a period the gentleman yield? exports. . of over 14 months, the committee feeling Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield to the The daily production in America is that it is suffici-ent to make funds avail gentleman from California. 5,500,000 barrels a day. The amount able up to the end of the fiscal year and 1947 ·OONGRESSLONAL _RECORD-- HOUSE 11473 to reconsider the matter of any pipe line tribute to a fellow -American and fellow · The &.dmiral's grandfather was Capt. thereafter at a later date. . Texan whom we all have come to hold in Charles Nimitz, who was a German-born · I believe ·the funds provided for this highest esteem, .a man who as a naval sailing ship master who built a hotel at item are ample. and that any discrepancy officer has served his country well and Fredericksburg which had a boat· deck can be taken care of upon further con wisely for 42 years and who now embarks and bridge lookil)g out over the Texas sideration. upon a well-earned and richly deserved prairie. With that background, it . was Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, will rest-Fleet Adm. Chester W. Nimitz. only natural that he should fall into a the gentleman yield? As a youth in a small Texas town, son naval career, though he first aspired to Mr. WIGGLESW0RTH. I yield .. of a country innkeeper, Chester Nimitz attend West Point. Chester Nimitz Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I be had no more than the average Amer.ican · graduated in 1905 from Annapolis, lieve the gentleman will-agree that the youth's advantages. Yet through hard seventh in his class. two occupied zones, British and Ameri- · work and perseverance he has reached · The new ensign climbed steadily as his· can, are among the most highly de the pinnacle of success ahd fame in his fine qualities of leadership were brought veloped industrial areas in the world. · chosen profession and has become one into play. The story is told that on one Those people manufacture products, as I of -history's greatest naval leaders in the occasion when Nimitz was an ensign and understand it, and they turn those prod long up~hill struggle fn the recent Pa was on board a ship, the engineer called ucts over at practically no cost to the .cific war. excitedly over the tube that the ship .was Office of Military Government. The · His ·brilliant and gratifying success, about to sink. "Look on page 84 of Bar Office of Military Government sets its however, has left him fundamentally un ton's Engineerjng Manual," Nimitz re-· own price at which the products will be changed in character and purpose. And plied. "It tells you what to do in a case sold, from which 10 percent is with the consummate respect he holds for the like that." . . - drawn, 5 percent being given to the enlisted man in the service is still second Those associated with him have often manufacturer in dollars, 5 percent being only to .that which he holds for the Chief asserted that two outstanding qualities· assigned to the employees at the official Executive in the White House. were always present in the admiral's rate; 90 percent of the price, as I under His work has always been character service. One, his "calculating common stand it,' going to make up part of the ized by his sound dependable judgment · sense," and,. secondly, "a stoutly rea cost of occupation. · and by unfailing devotion to the task at soned good opinion of his fellow man." Does the gentleman know how much hand . . His calm, patient, and deliberate It has often been said that he was never we are receiving from that 90 percent manner is contagious; his innate mod known to become excited. · of the goods we are receiving from the esty and high sense of loyalty have en Admiral Nimitz, as we all know, im German local governments to offset the deared him to the hearts of all hands in mediately after Pearl Harbor was given· occupation cost? · the naval service; and have won for him the formidable assignment as Chief of Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I am sorry, the complete confidence and highest the Pacific Fleet. He directed the I cannot give the gentleman any· in esteem of the American people at large. painful task of building up and directi_ng formation on that. It has been s·aid that two of the most the naval strength that smashed the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the valuable qualities A~miral Nimitz took to · Japanese dream - of conql.lest . . When gentleman . · from Massachusetts has the task of winning the naval war in the given that assignment, he was quoted· as again expired. Pacific were "calculating common sense" saying: "I have just assumed a great Mr. TABER. ·Mr. Chairman, I yield and a "stoutly reasoned good opinion of responsibility and obligation which I the gentleman two additional minutes. his fellow men." He has been affection shall do my utmost to discharge." 'Mr. HINSHAW. Does not the gentle ately called every man's admiral. Know This great naval leader received many man agree with me that if the industrial ing him it is not difficult to understand great honors during his career. One area, the ·industrial heart of Germany, why. was the Distinguished Service Medal, by can be started going again that with their - This country was singularly blessed· in special act of Congress. But among his exports they can pay their own costs? having men of the caliber of Chester w. proudest possessions is the Treasury De And that unless they are permitted to Nimitz to whom it could turn for leader partment's silver life-saving medal. He get started on- manufactures that they ship and inspiration in time of great won it as a lieutenant March 20, 1912, can export they will be a drain on the n~tional peril as well as in peacetime. when he saved Fireman 1c W. J. Walsh Treasury of the United States for a long His very stature and demeanor was in from drowning. time to come. strumental in rallying the spirit and will . Finally, the great pinnacle of his ca Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I may say to and determination of his countrymen at reer came on September 1; 1945, when the gentleman from California that it is the most critical hour of our history. Admiral Nimitz signed for the United my opinion that a revival of Germany We in this land will ever be in his debt. States the formal Japanese surrender subject to proper control from the mili · Mr. Chairman, the Navy and the en terms on the battleship Missouri in Toltyo tary standpoint is the heart of the entire tire Nation will never forget but will harbor. problem of the recuperation of western deeply miss for a long time to come his · Fleet Admiral Nimitz has retired. He . Europe. active leadership in our defense estab is a great American, a great Texan, .and Mr. HINSHAW. lam glad to hear the lishment. On ·the occasion of his de one of the great naval leaders of ali' time. gentleman say that because I was con parture from active duty, we desire to To him and his family I extend best vinced in my brief visit that, given half wish him smooth sailing, fair winds, and wishes and Godspeed during the period an oppo.rtunity to produce peacetime snug harbors 'with many long years of of his retirement. goods, they could support themselves and good health and abundant happiness Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Chairman, will then some. ahead. the gentleman yield? Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair ·- Mr. FISHER. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. WORLEY. I yield to the gentle man, I yield back the balance of my gentleman yield? man from Texas. . time. Mr. WORLEY. I yield to the·gentle Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Chairman, I do The CHAIRMAN. The time of the man frc:>m Texas. , not think that in the Army or Navy of gentleman from Massachusetts has _ex Mr. FISHER. Mr. Chairman, I am the United States a finer type of. man pired. · delighted that the gentleman has taken has ever come on the scene than Ad Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield this time to pay tribute to Fleet Admiral miral Chester Nimitz. He is a great 5 minutes. to the gentleman from Texas Nimitz upon the occasion of his retire American, he is a great. Texan, and we· [Mr. WORLEY]. ment. It h~ppens that the Admiral was are proud of the fact that he is a Texan. Mr. WORLEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask born in the district which I · have the Mr. WORLEY. I thank the gentle unanimous consent to revise and extend honor to represent, he having been born man. Admiral Nimitz has received a my remark-s and to speak out of order. at Fredericksburg, Tex., in the central great many honors in his lifetime, but The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection part of the State, on February 24, 1885. not the least honor was .the one he re- • to the request of the gentleman from He attended school at Kerrville, a few ceived the other day when the Governor Texas? miles away in the rugged hill country of of the State of Texas made him admiral There was no obj2ction . . southwest Texas. There he gained those of the Texas navy. · Mr. ·woRLEY. Mr. Chairman, it is lasting impressions that followed him . The CHAIRMAN . . The time of the my desire -today to·pay honor and .just throughout his great and eventful-life. · gentleman·'from Texas has expired. 11474 CO-NGRESSIONAL~ RECORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER. 16 . Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chalrmari, let nie foreigil--aid program r would feel that, interested in the welfare of the American say this word of tribute in behalf of Ad such a vote was a vote against. national · taxpayers. · In .tryjng to make up my miral Nimitz, whose record ·Will always . defense. It would be contrary to my.. mind; .and I have· been much disturbed reflect glory upon his native State of . record of service. . . about this question, as h~ve all of you, Texas, and the people of the entire Na.: · · I do not think of this legislation as a: I -hav..e .tried to detach myself from senti tlon~ I ask unanimous consent that any foreign-aid bill, though of course; the bill · mentalism and think, shall I say, in a -Member at this point In the RECORD may ' is of vast importance 'and assistance to_ cold-Qlooded way about the welfare of have permission, if he wishes to do so, to . peoples overseas. . To my. way of think- this country and the interest of the nutke some reference to the distin- · ing this is an American aid bill, and if I · American taxpayer. , If we fail in our guished career of Admiral Nimitz. may be perfectly frank about it, I should. etforts .to help bolster up the free coun The CHAIRMAN. ·.Is there objection . like to .say without apology that my .first tries of western Europe, then what hap to the request of the gentleman from interest is the interest or' the United pens? In other words, if Moscow moves Texas tMr. MAHON] ? States of America. I believe that 1f we: in and takes over western Europe and There was 'no objection. do not look after. the best interest of the the iron curtain moves to the Atlantic, Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield United States, nobody else is going to do what. happens to us in a financial way? 20 minutes to the gentleman from Texas· the job . . So., I say without hesitation Overnight, we would have to come before [Mr. MAHON]. . thal; the enlightened self-interest of ·the the· Congress and say, "Let us have an - Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, this bill· United States is the thing that prompts· additional appropriation of- five, ten, or involves something short of a billion me to support this foreign-aid measure, fifteen billion dollars for national de dollars in appropriations. It-is tremen-· Y.et in supporting it, I amiully aware that fense in addition to what we now have.'' dously important. It has to do' with im i·t will not work ·out perfectly. I know I am fully convinced that it is 'to the best plementing the 'for.eign policy of our Na . that in the future there will be those interest of the American taxpayer that tion, and at this critical hour in the his who will rise up and say, "Yes, I told you we undertalte to help preserve the in- tory of the world, all of us are thinking so. I told you that this or that would tegrity· of the free coun.tries of western about the question of ·roreign affairs and happen." , . Europe and prevent the iron curtain from the course that our country shou1d prop-· There is not going to oe a perfect road moying to the Atlantic ocean. So when erly follow to promote our own welfare. for us to follow, but we are standing at I speak about this ma.tter today I speak in the days that lie ahead. . the crossroads, and we inevitably must as one who proposes to carry on his long During my service as a Member of. take one road or: the other, and both established record of. national defense the House one thing has always been roads are bad in many respects. In the and as one who is concerned about the paramount with nie, and that is the old days of bad roads, when we went from ,am,ertcan ta~payer, in short the financial question of national defense. I have felt one part of the country to the other, we and military interests of the United throughout my service in Congress that found t.he traveling pretty rough regard- States. . - our national defense program has been less. of the route that we finally selected I well know that if this foreign-aid inadequate, and I have seized upon every for our journey, and I know full well program, which I hope will prove to be possible .opportunity to try to promote whichever road we now take 1s going to an American- TABLE V.-Commodities to be financed for Since.the 1st of:October, ·France has paid ~where our troops are· that is greater than France under interim-aid, program, Dec. 1, $20,000,000 on these obligations, but the -.we have in France and Italy: France, · 1947, to Mar. 31, _1940 _ ·requests for 'France are ·based on her -Italy, and Austria ..have . governments of [Millions of dollars] dollar deficits as of that date. The cut, their own. We are in Germany; Japan, 1. Bread grains------"------115 however, which amounts to $66,000,000, .and Korea, and to an extent fn Austria, 2. Milk products______3 is found by totaling the other· expendi -as an occupying power where we have a 3. Other special foods from United responsibility under international law to States______3 tures of the character discussed in the 4. Fats and oils______16 table for December 1-table VI ~ provide a minimum of subsistence for 5. Coal from United States______116 -. Since the $328,000,000 which she re the civilian populations. The countries 6. Coal from Ruhr______9 quested was based upon the · October which have their own governments de 7. Petroleum products______22 table, it is evident that ·France expects termine their own policies. But where 8. Cotton------35 to recoup some of these payments out of we are the occupying power we deter 9. Fertilizers------9 the dollars saved by the food we provide. mine the policies. We determine the So in my judgment, the appropriation capacity of these countries to get on-their ~otal- ~ ------328 is not cut as much. as it should be. It feet and their :capacity to balance· their If the foregoing products are supplied to - should have been a cut of eighty-six mil exports against their imports. In de France under the interim-aid program, lion at this point instea-d-of sixty-six. termining those policies, .under inter France's own resources should suffice to cover · The situation in Italy is much the .nationallaw,:we accept the responsibility its other essential outlays, as is -indicated in same, and I shall ask permissi-on to put for feeding them. Table VI. · in the tables on Italy, too. They speak : With respect to the British zone in TABLE · VI.-Qutlays· to be covered by France . for themselves and readily show where Gercmany, where it is proposed that we and resouTces available jor that purpose the twenty-two-million figure was -sug.: take on $237,000,000 additional, · as- "the during period Dec. 1, 1947, to Mar. 31, 1948 gested. gentleman from Wisconsin has pointed [Millions of dollars) (From p. 49 of the justifications) out, -we are advancing $100;000,000, and (P. 24) TABLE X.-Dollar outlays to· be covered by are saying to the British~ "Before we take Requirements: 1 • Italy and dollar resources available jor that on the full load and before ·we t'dke on an 1. Cereals ------30 purpose- during the period, Dec. 1, 1947- -irrevocable commitment, ·we want to 2. Fats and oils______12 . Mar. 31, 1948 know what voice·we are to have on the 3. Petroleum products ___ ,.. ______23 [Millions of dollars) -policies to be pursued in the zone." 4. Food imports for French zone in Requirements: The fair-minded · people of England Germany---·---= ------13 1. Cereals ______·~------· 25. 0 5. Essential supplies for French 2. Coal ______. 13.0 recognize-that the United· States in tak overseas areas______32 ing on a larger .share of 'the dollar re 6. Imports of industrial materials_ 52 3. Petroleum supplies------15. 0 sponsibility should have a larger ·voice 7. Service of foreign debt______26 4. Cotton and other textile fibers_ 15. 0 in the policies to be followed. 8. Payment to Belgium on commer- 5. Raw materials for chemical · There -is the matter of personnel. · industrY------~ 10. 2 cial account_: ______17 The gentleman from Ohio [-Mr. CLEV 9. Payment to Brazil on commer- 6. Rubber and carbon black_____ · 5: 1 7. Industrial fats-and oils _____ :_ 1. 3 ENGER J a moment ago reminded me that cial account______3 8. Hides and leather __ .:. ______: _ - 4. 0 10. Additional contribution to Inter in the Br~tish zone there were reported 9. Ferrous metals------.---- 11. 0 to be 1,040 agricultural agents, whereas national Monet~ry Fund----- ~ 10 10. Nonferrous metals ------9. 4 11. Administrat ive and oth~r ex- _ 11. Minerals ______. 1. 0 in the United States zone we have 52. ·- -pendttures ______: __ 10 When the subcommittee for Germany 12. Lumber------4. 4 . - Total ______228 and Aus-tria of the Select Committee ·on 13. Other industrial materials____ 18. 6 Foreign Aid asked questions about the 14. Other foodstuffs------4. 0 personnel in the British zone, repeatedly Available resources: we found that the British personnel was • 12. Balance r.vailable on Dac. 1, Total commodity requirements_ 137.0 1947 ____ : ______153 Invisiblecount ______items on current ac- 22.0 greater than ours-often about double 13. Liquidation of French dollar se for it is also true in the bizonal set-up. curities------~ ------35 THE ECONOMIC POLICIES PURSUED DETERMINE 14. Earnings from exports and serv- Total payments------159.0 THE RATE OF ECONOMIC RECOVERY Avail able resources: ices------43 1. Exports of goods and services_ 77.0 In the operation of the· North German 2. Export-Import bank loans ___ _ 55.0 Coal Commission, the policies which the TotaL------228 3. Liquidation of blocked assets fn British were following were policies which 1 Equipment items are not listed since it United States ______10.0 many of our p.eople seem to feel were ex is contemplated that the French will, dur 4. Treasury suspense account __ _ 2.0 pensive. It was with reluctance, appar ing the interim period, restrict their equip 5. POW's trust fund account___ _ 15.0 ment imports to the funds becoming avail ently, that the British offered incentives able exclusively for tpis purpose. These will Total receipts ______i59. 0 for . increasing the production of coal. consist of approximately $100,000,000 of funds They were opposed to the use of incen from outstanding loans from the Export Explanatory data on invisible items on tives in operating the coal mines in Eng Import Bank and the International Bank for current account (table X, item 15). · land, and they wanted to carry that same equipment purchases, available for this pur The $22,000,000 in-visible items on current account includ-e: policy over in the operation of the .coal pose as of Oct. 1, 1947: mines iJlit Germany.· For many months Payment to United States for . When you look at the tables, note the settlement of certain war German coal production went along on a items under the heading "Other expendi-, claims of United States nation level of about 200,000 tons per day. tures" · which total $86,000 ,000 in the als against Italy (Lombardo Finally the commission did agree . to October ·1 table labeled "Appendix E." agreement, Dec. 1947) ------$5, 000, 000 offer · incentives in the form of CARE Then compare them with items 7 to 11, Partial repayment of Export-1m,. :Packages. Almost immediately that inclusive, in the Decemb-er 1 table VI. port bank 1946 cotton loan brought coal production up to about (Dec. 1947-Mar. 1948) ______._ _. 7, 000,000 243,000 tons per day. There it leveled You will note they then total only $66,- Interest on United States sur- 000,000, meaning that France has paid plus property credit (Jan. 1, off again. $20,000,000 in those items. But $328,- 1948)------4,000,000 Then the United States representative 000,000 was requested for France. To Diplomatic expenditures, prewa~ on the North German Coal Commission get that $328,000,000 figure you have to · bond settlement, interest pay in a liaison capacity proposed other poli use the table for the 1st of October, ments, and miscellaneous fi-· cies which the British were reluctant to shown as appendix E: In that table, nancial items------~ ------6,000,000 adopt. Among them was the placing of showing requirements between October the management of the mines in the 1 and March 31 France had demands of 22,000,000 hands of a German who had considerable $816,000,000, against possible dollar as With respect to the sections in the bill experience and the knowledge to deal sets of $488,000,000. You subtract one that deal with the occupied countries,· with his own people. Finally, about from the other and you get $328,000,000, I wish to point out that we have a re the week that we were leaving Germany, which was the item that was requested. sponsibility in the ·occupied countries _ a decision was made by the British ac- ·194'7 CON-GRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE ceding to the suggestion of· the Ameri- I brought to the attention of the F.or old states of Germany, along with Bel cans. , Within the space of 6 weeks, coal eign. Affairs Committee a -large soap gium, 'Luxemburg, the Netherlands, and production: went up ·to approximately manufacturing plant that is ·On the list France, and thereby build a bulwark for 280.ooo· tons per day. for dismantling. western -civilization to hold the line until The Germans told us at the ·time that Mr. DONDERO. Will the gentleman :mankind, some way, with more wisdom if they could operate these coal mines yield right there? ' than now seems apparent, finds a way the way they believed they ought to be Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. for all the peoples of the world to live , operated, that they would have the pro- Mr. DONDERO. If half of that ball- together in peace. · . duction up to 300,000 tons a day by the bearing plant went to Russia, where did Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. Mr . . first of February, if not by the first of the other half go? Chairman, will the gentleman yield? January. Everyone knows that increased Mr. CASE of South Dakota. To var Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. coal production is the key to recovery ious powers of the west, but not the Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. In the over there. United States. hearings was any consideration given to Why is it important that we have some ·Mr. DONDERO. It was compfetely"re- the _increase or change of that amount understanding as to the policies that moved from Germany? ' allotted to Germany with regard to edu- will be foUowed in the British zone if we • Mr. CASE of South Dakota. It was cation of children? · - take over the bill? . It is because these completely removed from Germany. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. There is poli-cies of m~nagement and these poli- Under the current rationing in Ger about $1,450,000, but the main part of cies of operation and these practices with many, they are allowed·about 50 percent the educational program is· carried on in regard to the number of personnel deter- of the soap and cleaning powders which the funds originally appropriated for the mine the size of the bill' that the Ameri- they had during the war. · That is, the fiscal year. The estimates before us were can taxpayer will be called upon to pay. current rationing is only 50 percent of primarily for subsistence, as far as Ger- That is why. the committee felt that be- what they had during the rationing of .. many is concerned ndw. In the funds fore' we committed ourselves irrevocably war, yet this·soap factory is one of those provided for Austria I would not say that to the entire bill, that may be presented now to be dismantled. And we have that is tr1:1e because she shares in both by the British, we should know what the te,stimony that women and children are funds. Austria's share in the money !or terms of the agreement are, and we dying in Germany today because of un occupied areas goes largely for informa should have an increased voice in deter- sanitary conditions in German hospitals, tional and educational purposes. It is ·mining the policies that are to be fol- due to the lack of proper cleansing quite substantial ~nd is in addition to the lowed. agencies. · $58,000,000 for relief. · · There is another angle to the propos!- Mr. SMITH o{ Ohio. Will: the gntle- Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. Was any il.on, and that is · the dismantling of in- man yield? consideration given to any change in the dustrial plants in Germany, I have Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. amount allowed for protective clothing pending before the Committee on For- Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Is that not the for workers in Germany and so on? eign Affairs two resolutions which deal precise policy that was ~dopted ·by our Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I do not with that subject, one a· resolution of Government, ·to starve ,to death and to recall any-testimony on that at all. ·inquiry, and the other proposing a tern- destroy all vestige of the German people? porary suspension. of t!1e ·dismantling of Is that not what the Morgenthau plan Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. It was plants until Congress can review the was? purely on a food -basis; is that right? situation. . . - Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I think The CHAffiMAN. The time of the . Under the Potsdam Agreement, and that is probably a p_art of what has been gentleman from South Dakota has ex under prior agreements, Germany s-qr- referred to as the Morgenthau plan. Of pired. t< rendered or was compelled to surrender course, we say today we are not follow Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield a 'great deal of her area to Russia and to ing the Morgenthau plan. 15 minutes to the gentleman from Min Poland, East Prussia, and a great deal The CHAffiMAN. The time of the nesota [Mr. KNUTSON]. of Silesia. · Those areas which were sur- gentleman from South Dakota has again Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, the rendered contained about 30 percent of expired. President of the United States, under the the industrial potential of ·Germany. Mr. TABER. I yield the gentleman power he claims was delegated to him by Th·e Potsdam agreement also permitted two additional minutes, Mr. Chairman. the Trad~ Agreements Act, has just Russia to get all of the dismantled plants Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I issued a proclamation which will reduce taken from her own zone and 25 percent realize that this whole question of repa tariff duties on imports into this country of the plants dismantled in the western rations goes into the related question of · to the lowest level in many, many years. zones. Of the remaining 75 percent in security for the Western Powers. I know It is quite apparent that he feels confi the three western. zones, ~ussian sate!- France has her fears about Germany, but dent the, Congress will not upset any for lite ·countries get an additional 14 per- I want to express the thought here that eign cm;nmitments he has made, regard cent. The total result is that Russia has if security for the small powers of west less of how disadva,ntageous they may access to about 55 percent of the indus- ern Europe is to be established, if secu · prove to us, and therefore the· Congress trial potential of old Germany. rity for France is to be established, if · will not dare meddle with any one of the Of course, that policy was initiated on stability in Europe is to be established, thousands of new low rates of duty he the ground of demilitarizing Geqnany, it will require the reimplementation of has agreed to. but by the very same term, iJ it .disarms some of Germany's industrial capacity. . The State Department has presented Germany, it rearms Russia. Germany does not have the raw mate- the President with o~e massive trade There is reason· for thinking that many rials to establish a balanced economy by· agreement .which has not yet ·been ac of the· plants should have remained in exporting them alone. cepted by a number of the negotiating Germany on simple economic ·grounds. If Russia ever wants to move to the countries. I am not at liberty to give · There was one very large ballbearing west, she will not be stopped if our reli names, but I have information from a plant which was so large that it was ance for stopping her is France, Holland, high Government source that Mr. Tru split. One half of it went to Russia and and Belgium. She will be stopped from man is very anxious to put these new 'half of it went to the Western Powers. moving to the west only if there is rates into effect as of January 1, 1948, Under the agreement based upon the strength in Germany, too. That does and he is having considerable difficulty Potsdam agreement, no ballbearings are not mean that you must rebuild a strong in finding how he can sign only part of to be manufactured in Germany. Now, nationalized Germany, but it does mean the agreement and yet adhere strictly to ho one can contemplate the industrial that you must permit economic develop' the rules. recovery of Germany in any degree un- ment along with her neighbors east and Reports from the St ate Department less she has a few ballbearings. When west. as late as Yesterday indicate that the the request is made for·the Marshall plan Personally, I hope that out of this President will refuse to name the sepa- you will find that the United States will situation there can come the develop , rate countries to which individual con be required to furnish ballbearings which ment of the free states of Europe, which cessions were· made, but that he will otherwise would have been made in Ger- will include Bavaria, Hesse, Wurttem temporarily exempt certain products in many. berg-Baden, Westphalia, and the other his proclamation, pos;;ibly ·until more 11482 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 16 nations formally accept the terms of the were more. than rumors. The informa- months when our production costs are agreement. tion came to me from highly placed at the peak? Because of the importance of the pend Americans who were at Geneva during Mr. GEARHART. The list could be ing agreement to the American farmer, the negotiations and were at· all times enlarged many times, but the result all laboring man, and industrialist, and the fully advised as to what was being done along the line, in obtaining concessions uncertainty of its status, and also be to us. for this country, has been to the detri- cause the Ways and Means Committee Mr. Chairman, I had not come to any ment and sacrifice of American industry. has held extensive hearings to determine conclusions with reference to an exten- Mr. KNUTSON. The gentleman . is whether the Trade Agreements Act, sion of the Trade Act, or I would not quite right. I well recall back in 1913, which expires. next June, should be re have written to the President in the first after the Democrats got control of the newed, I wrote the President a courteous place. . . _ Government, they passed the so-called letter- on December 8 requesting from The iron curtain of secrecy behind Underwood Free Trade Act, which grad him certain information ·which I felt which the agreement was negotiated, is ually dried up industry in this country, would be helpful to our committee. My a travesty on the word democracy. The and had it not been for the outbreak of letter was inspired by a sincere desire to President's letter can only mean that World War I early in August 1914, we secure light on what appears to be a he will continue to keep·. the Congress in would have had a depression such as we chaotic situation. Without taking time the dark until he is sure there is nothing went through back in the 1930's. to read my letter, which was prompted . the Congress can do about it. Mr. GEARHART. Mr. Chairman, will by information given me bY American Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Chairman, will the the. gentleman yieid further? · officials who were closely connected with gentleman yield? Mr. KNUTSON. Yes, gladly. the negotiations at Geneva, I will insert Mr. KNUTSON . . I yield to the gentle- Mr. GEARHART. We came out of it at this point: man from Nebraska.· the blighting effects of the Underwood DECEMBER 8, 1947. · Mr. CURTIS. Regardless of what tariff only when the war broke out. The PaEsmsNT, merit is found in these trade agreements, During the war, of course, we had what The White House. the State Department must stand con- was in effect an embargo tariff, and that Mr. PRESIDENT: I have been hearing persist victed of not showing its hand to the was the. war itself. But, when we came ent rumors from reiiable soUrces that" you will soon proclaim the tarlff ·concessions · the · American people. It lacks forthright- out of the war and the outside world United s ·tates recently made' in the negoti!1- . ness. It heralded from one epd of th~ . got back into production, America be tions at Geneva. These same rumors indi country to the other the fact they had came the dumping ground of the world. cate the poss-ibility that you will sign all of secured a concession from Great Britain Mr. KNUTSON. Right, I well recall the concessions listed in schedule XX of the : that Great Britain would reduce or elim- it. · general agreement rega~dless of• how many inate certain' of their imperial prefer- Mr. GEARHART. It became so crit nations will have actually formally accepted ences ~ They· never told the American ical to American business, labor and the agreement. · · people that this concession was condi- agriculture, that it was necessary to It is difficult for me to believe that the assemble· the Congress of the · United • executive department would make tariff con t ione d upon our synthetic rubber pro- Sta. tes in special session and enact an cessions effective unless the principal supply gram in this country. But in the re- ing nations had offered at least soJUe token or ports published by the United Nations . emergency tariff law. Now, since we quid pro quo. I am sure I speak for a sub ' it was revealed that if at any time the have a tariff, as a result of all these stantial number of my colleagues when I say United states Governm~nt required the agreements, which is lower than the that sucli action would. be contrary to the use of more than 25 percent synthetic Underwood tariff adopted in 1913, which intent of Congress which pa ~ sed or extended in our rubber consumption Great Britain precipitated dumping' in ·this country, is the Trade Agreements Act. · The Ways and Means· Committee was given would be relieved from· the concession · it not'to be anticipated in the days that· · assurance by certain of the United States she granted to eliminate or reduce im- lie ahead, when the outside world gets · delegates to~ Geneva that negotiations would perial preferences. · back in full production, that America o:q.ly be conducted 'With principal supplier na- Tli1s particular. concession is render- will again become the dumping ground -tions. Neither the ·United Nations' publica ing it very embarrass~ng to. the_Congress of the world, and ag-ain we will have to tions n:or the ci.ocumerits released by the State in· exten._ ding the Synthetic Rubber Act take· drastic measures to remedy the Department give any indication of which coil . situa-tion. . cessions were made to each individualnation. which expire~ in some 60 or 90 days. Mr." KNUTSON . . Yes. Unfortunately Until the Congress can identify each.individ7 Mr. KNUTSON. ' Weli, it may be well we Americans have short memories and ual concession wftli the country to which it t9 note at this point that 'we have about · ·was· granted, we will nbt have the information . seven or .eight hundred million dollars · we do not seem to -learn. from past ex- 'necessary to appraise ~th.e vaiue of extend1Iig . · · · periences. Of course, we must have a the Tratle ·Agreements Act. ' · · · - . inv.es~ec:Un our synthe.tic rubber industry ·certain amount . of protection for the I would appreciate knowing whether it is which. we had to build up from scratch American producer; and more particu:.. planned to make all· of the' concesslons·listeQ. . after .the attack on Pearl Harbor ancr · larly since we are on a 40•hour basis, and in schedule XX effective on -January 1, 1948; . as a war measure. It is my opinion that all overtime is paid at the rate of ·_time and whether there will be released the name the action agreed upon .at Geneva is.such and-one-half and double time. But, we of each country to which the United States as will practically destroy the synthetic will probably have to go through all that made individual concessions. rubber industry that : ~e have so.carefully . painful experience again because the do Respectfully, HAROLD KNUTSON. ny.rtured and built up in this country in gooders and the bleeding hearts are in the last 6 or 7 years against future con- the saddle, and they are :p.ot happy un In·reply I received from the-President tingencies and emergencies. less they are playing Sarita Claus to the a most amazing reply. I read: Mr. GEARHART. · Mr. Chairman, will - peoples of other countries. Today we THE WHITE HOUSE, the gentleman yield? · voted to appropriate $2,000,000 to relieve December 11, 1947. Mr. KNUTSON.- I yield to the gen- the starving Navajos, wards of the Gov- DEAR CONGRESSMAN KNUTSON: Replying to tleman from California. · ernment, who are dying from disease yours of December 8, rumors from reliable sources are not much on which to come to Mr. GEARHART. Is it not a fact that and hunger. I believe I was the first · conclusions. every concession we have been able to man to take the floor and plead for them. . When the Trade Agreements Act is ready obtain, or very nearly ev·ery concession I have never heard one of the bleeding to be approved and implemented you will be we have been able to obtain, from other hearts get up on this floor and plead for informed omcially through channels which countries has been conditioned upon the our starving people at home. The far w111 have no foundation through rumors. sacrifice of an American industry. The ther away the suffering is the more tears · Sincerely yours, synthetic-rubber industry is but one ex- they shed and the more theirsympathies HARRY S. TRUMAN. ample. The wool industry is another; . are aroused. It does not arouse them Mr. Chairman, I do not want to the American jewel and watch industry that th,ausands and thousands of Ameri- . comment on the composition of the let . is another. The list could be greatly ca,.n children in this country cannot go to t~r. but rather, the spirit that prompted . enlarged upon. school because of insufficient clothing. its writing. . Mr. KNUTSON. ~9w about the dair:y That does r.ot interest them because it is ·Mr. Chairman, May I say parentheti . industry when they cut the tariff in two . not front page_ stuff. It is onJy when . ca.Ily that the term "reliable rumors" to · on butter: for ,6 months each _year and you propose-to do something for other which the President and I have referred it will be effective during the winter lands that our sob sisters become 1941: ' CONG:RESSIONAL RECORD-· HOU-SE · 11483 aroused. Henry Wallace ·nad· the fdea: the ·gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. through Colonel Hester's-United States A bottle of milk in front of every Hotten AUGUST' H~ ANDRESEN], did nothing but commander in charge of food and food tot for breakfast every morning. Noth lay facts before the American people production-gardens, 8,000 acres of them ing was said a·bout a bottle of milk in and the American Congress in regard to in aerlin, we went down into the Aus front of each American child each morn the supply of sugar.. in the world, and trian area· first. I want to show you ing· many ·of whom are badly under out of the window went sugar rationing now something about the efiect of the no~rished. No, that would ·be too pro and 38,000 jobs of rationing sugar and ·. worthless currencies. In the exchange siac. oedeviling and bothering the American of farmers' produce, and this is true in The Trade Agreements Act is due to people. Our memories are short about France and Italy as well, and the product expire· in June-unless renewed. Mr. 'that. Sugar goes where it is wanted, of men's hands in industry suffer like ·.Truman sends word to the Congress naturally and readily. wise. Driving by car from Berchtes that-and I quote: Then this same committee was told g.aden through the French occupied area When the Trade ·Agreements .Act is ready that it would be necessary to take from of Austria, we came upon a sale of cat ·to be approved and Implemented you wHl be 7% to 8 pounds of fat away from every tle. To my amazement most of those ·informed. American, cooking fats and oils, and this cattle were 3- or 4- or 5-year-old steers. He has basked so· long in artificially- ·committee after· -research in that field -In speaking with the men there I found , created emergency powers. that he un developed· information as to the supply ·that the auction at the behest of the consciously assumes that the renewal of of fats and oils in the world. We now . French Government was largely a sale this act is his prerogative-after which have soap chips and we have shortening of cattle from one owner to another, and : and we have cooking fats. Such is the that many of the cattle would go back the Ways and Means Gommittee will be force of truth when people and their to their rightful owners as soon as the notified officially. Representatives know the truth . French departed. But there they were, .The President .-is evidently a little· When we got ready to go to Europe being sold. If you were a peasant,-which worried about having considerably over I think everybody on the committee ex would you rather have, a handful of -stepped the authority Congress gr.anted cept myself bought food to take with us, wallpaper which they call money, or a ·him and I pfier _his letter as -evidence of because we were told there was a great 1,400-pound steer? One of the things that. He is going to have g-reat diffi: shortage of food in Europe, but the Scot they have got to do is to get· rid first of culty in ·explainil).g his actions when the ·tish side of me sort of rebelled at that all of these currencies and restore value fun impact of these r-a<,Ucally lowere~ ·and I carried nothing with me but about to the new-and thus confidence to the tarifi rates strikes the American farmer, -half a dozen bars of soap, which were producer. toiler and producer. really the thing we needed'. Did we find I can say to you without any fear of The United States of- America is not a poorhouse in Europe? We were told contradiction that probably three -yet ready for unrestricted free trade. that the flooded polders of Holland would quarters of the French wheat crop is still ·Neither are we ready to surrender to be sterile for .30 years, well 75 percent of , in bundles. They do not· thresh their other countries the great American mar them produced. better than normal in wheat the way we do here. They either ket, which is the only cash.. market in .all 1947-all will produce in 1948. I am thatch them in the field so that they the wor-ld. excepting the occupied areas of Europe, can stand for years without taking any The Republican party in Congress -is :Austria and Germany, from any remarks moisture, or it is under cover and it is 1iedicated to the maintenance of the J: make. By way of comment on that, I threshed as they need it. I say to you ~American · standard of living and that -thinl{ it is going to be to the everlasting 'I am done, in the absence of an act of can only be. done by protecting .the pro shame of this Government as long as God or a drought, with voting any more ducers in America in their jobs and -men's ni.emory lasts at t.he operation of . money to western Europe· outside of the markets. this hard peace on a fallen foe. I think occupied areas. They would ·not haye . Mr.. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield it will make us blush a century from needed this now except for this drought '10 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio now when the story of that is told. Most which was-an excuse, and if the French [Mr. CLEVENGER]. of the sufiering you have heard of and men had planted a full crop of wheat in · Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Chairman, I .most of the shortage of food you have stead of about three-quarters of a crop am glad that some of this emotionalism been ·told about is the story of Germany of wheat. . . has subsided. I thought some · of you and the occupied areas. For that some I am tired o{ seeing people in this coun might be interested a little bit. in the one be~ides ourselves must make atone try, many of them old, tired people 80 asset side of this European -situation. ment. years old in my ·district, for ex~mple, Many of fruit. Th~ ~tory_ was told that the fruit tee about our having a tariff so high that and supporting over there. Commu-: ·decayed and vegetables could not be used the:z could not sell their products· in nisrn, s·ocialism, fascism, nazism, New because for some reason or another the America. I waited for seniority to ta ke Dealism, they are Marxist in theory, they frontier ·was closed. We n;n,Jst get rid its course, and then I asked this lady vary ·only in degree in · their practice. of these economic bloodclots in the Eu minister what it was that they could not They all proceed toward the same end ropean economic system or else we will send to America beccmse ·of the tariff. result, a loss of property, of liberty, ulti have to go on supplying them forever She said, "Steel products and steel.'' mately of life itself. Lst us rededicate and a day. I want .to tell you if anybody The CHAIRMAN. The time of the ourseives to the Republic here at home. thinks for a moment that we have a ci~y gentleman from Ohio [Mr. CLEVENGER] Let government of the people, by the of a million popula~ion .wh.ich will com has expired. people, for the people not perish froin pare with Copenhagen, much less with Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the earth. · · Stockholm, they ar_e deluded and fool the gentleman three additional minutes. The CHAIRMAN . . The time of the ish. There you have a million people Mr. CLEVENGER. I asked her to tell gentleman from Ohio has again expired. who are housed better than any million me what it was in steel products that she Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I yield people. that you could find in America, could not ship to America, because God such time as he may desire to the gentle \Vith not a slum area in either one of knows all Europe wanted steel if they man from North Carolina [Mr. BoNNER]. those cities of like millions of our ill could get it. Finally she said, "Ball bear Mr. BONNER. Mr. Chairman, I have fed, ill-clad, and ill-housed here at home. ings." I said to the lady, "That is SK.F." requested this time to announce to the Generally, their farmers are better She said, "Yes." I said, "I am sure if House that tomorrow is the forty-fourth housed than ours here at home. You the people in America working in the anniversary of the first air flight made will find the same if you go to Belgium or SKF plants were asked, they would not by the Wright brothers at Kitty Hawk, Hol1and. Belgium; by virtue of being want our Government to admit Swedish - N. C. The Government has erected a brave enough to have a free economy, ball bearings that would cut their wages beautiful monument on Kill Devil Isle is so far ahead of the rest of occupied during the high cost of living or destroy to commemorate this event. In North Europe that they will never catch up their employment." Then she rode over Carolina what is known as the Wright with her. In these countries· when we to the American Embassy with me, and Memorial Association was orga;nized started to ·make a survey on the basis of she said, "I know you have ball bearings some years ago. Each year this associa the questions in the questionnaire which on your mind." But she said, "You are tion holds proper exercises commemorat the chairman sent along for information the first American that has been over ing this event. There was planned a regarding the Marshall plan, they po here that seemed to know about it." We small delegation of the Members of this litely told us, "We asked your Govern know Sweden expanded her bearing pro House to go down tomorrow · to attend ment for nothing. We were invited to duction many fold for Germany during these exercises. Due to the important come down to Paris and tell you· what the war. She now makes them for Rus-· business that has arisen, this trip has we could m:e." One of the Scandinavian sia un.der her 10-year trade treaty with been called off. Each year these exer countries was quite bold about it, and that country. cises are held, and I take pleasure in in they so stated that ·without any varnish. That is what alarmed me, all over Eu viting such Members of the House as I say to you that we had better stop this rope, the fact that our State Department may be able to attend in the future to unnecessary relief or we will have the attaches do not go to bat for America. visit Kitty Hawk and visit the shrine of same thing that exists in Paris and Rome They can be gibed at all over the country the Wrights, visit the shrine of this great where you cannot stop to look at a store and they do not seem to react ih the way event. window but what there is a money of speaking up for America. You. can The CHAIRMAN. The time of the changer who wants to sell you the cur not tell what country they are working gentleman from -North Carolina has rency at 40 percent of the going rate. I for. That was an alarming thing to me. expired. do not want to see that here, and it can They seem ready to plead America guilty Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I ask happen here if we forget the caution before she is charged. that the bill be read. ·lights and keep up the spending. Down in France and Italy I say to you The Clerk read down to and including Mr. KNUTSON: Mr. Chairman, if the I agree with Dr. Heiser formerly of the page 1, line -6. gentleman will yield, does he recall after United States Public Health Service, that Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I move the war when the GI's would go to a these people are probably eating better that the Committee do now rise. United States Employment Office to get today than they have in 30 years. Their The motion was agreed to. a job, they would say, "Why take a job? hungry time· is not here. It will come in Accordingly the Committee rose; and Draw your $20 a week for 52 weeks." March, April, and May. I would like to the Speaker' having resumed the chair, That is precis~ly what we are doing in see some of this grain conserved. We Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Chairmah of the · Europe. We are telling them, "Why pro-, talked to them about conserving some Committee of the Whole House on the duce? We will take care of you." food. The agriculture official said, "You State of the Union, reported that that Mr. CLEVENGER. Certainly let us know, our people are lil~e children. They Committee, having had under considera encourage them to produce; France and say a great ship was in from America last tion the bill The rate of saving by business corpora:. . IncidentaUy, so stiff is this competition for ment without pushing the general price tions, however, is far above normal. During goods that consumers and business concerns level still higher. The drop in the demand the first half of 1947, corporations retained are seeking to increase their purchasing for consumer goods induced by the forced in the business about 64 percent of profits power by borrowing from banks. Personal saving levy would tend to bold down the after taxes and disbursed about 36 percent .Loans and commercial, agricultural, and in price of consumer goods so that the immedi in dividends. Dividends are usually over .60 dustrial loans have increased over one-third ate net loss of purchasing power by con percent of profits. ·during the last year and are rapidly rising. sumers would be small. Consumers receiv 3. The present rate of private domestic The growth in consumer and business debts ing less than $3,000 a year would gain in spending for capital goods is not abnormally is stimulating to the economy today, but purchasing power. Furthermore, the acqui large. Private-investment spending repre eventually th'e demand for additional credit sition of .more Government savings bonds by sents the demand for capital goods by busi will fall off and repayments of old debts will millions of consumers would give them fu ness enterpl'ises plus expenditures of indi exceed the amount of new debts. Then pay ture purchasing power that would help sus viduals on housing. During the first half of ing debts will become a powerful deflationary tain the long-run demand for goods. 1947, domestic investment (including ex influence. That will be "the morning after" 6. The problem of controlling the compe penditures for replacements) was 13.1 per the present inflationary spree. tition between business and consumers for cer_t of the gross national product in com Quite different would be the situation, of · -goods will be greatly aggravated if Congress parisOn with 12.9 percent in 1940, 12.5 per course, if consumers could be persuaded to reduces the personal income tax this win cent in 1937, and 15.2 percent in 1929. Ex reduce temporarily their purchases of auto.; ter, as is likely. The income tax is un penditures to increase inventories were above mobiles, houses, television sets, radios, wash doubtedly unfairly high, particularly on normal and so were expenditures on indus ing machines, and other goods and to in persons in the middle ®d upper income trial equipment. Expenditures on industrial crease the amount of money which they were brackets. It is difficult, for example, to plant and housing, however, were below willing to invest in industry. Productive ca justify the Government's taking more than normal. J?acity. in the steel industry, coal industry, half of any increment in income which a In the long run, the volume of investment railroad ind\lstry, lumber industry, and other man may receive. The present, however, is opportunities, and hence expenditures for industries, which is now being used to make not a good time to reduce taxes. If a re capital goods, depends less upon the level of goods for consumers, would become available duction is made, the size of the saving levy income than upon the rate at which tech to increase the output of industr.ial plant and should be increased above 5 percent. It nological discoveries are creating new needs equipment. should be sufficient to prevent reductions for capital. . Industrial research is growing What conclusions and policies are indi- from raising purchasing power. . by leaps and bounds. Nearly twice as many cated by this anal.Ysis? ' The C,ommunists assert that capitalism people were engaged in it in 1946 .as in 1940. 1. The plant of industry ls too small and is inherently unstable and that its insta Between 1920 and 1940, .expenditures on in inefficient both for the present labor force bility will bring about its collapse. Today dustrial research increased ninefold. lienee and the present demand for goods and also the community has an opportunity to dem it is reasonable to expect that technological for the prospective labor force and the pros onstrate that the Communists are wrong. research will create investment opportunities pective demand for goods. Let us not look back in 1950 or 1951 and even faster in the future than in the past 2. Business is already attempting to im wish that we had shown more foresight and and that the expenditures of industry on prove and enlarge its plant at a rate which more self-restraint in the fall of 1947. Now is too fast in view of the large demand for is the time to act. By limiting competi capital goods will be at least as large as in tion between consumers and business for the first half of 1947 and probably larger. goods by consumers and foreigners. 3. In order to reduce the competition be ·goods, by· checking the dangerous increase In one important respect the present de tween business and consumers f()r goods, in short-term debts, and by making the lnand for goods is far above the long-run either the community needs to increase process · of expanding and improving the normal. That is demand by foreign coun its rate of saving or business needs to re plant of industry and of aiding Europe in tries. During the first half of 1947, the ex duce the rate at which it attempts to ex crease the future purchasing .power of con ports of goods and services by the United pand and improve its plant. sumers, the community can halt the devel States was running at the rate of $10,000,- 4. Business should- assume a major part opments which are slowly ~aying the founda 000,000 a year above imports. By S.eptem of the responsibility for controlling the pres tion for a future depression and can make l:ier the excess of exports over imports had ent dangerous competition between business the economy less susceptible to recession. dropped to an annual rate of well below and consumers for goods by postponing ex $8,000,000,000, but that was still far above penditures of capital and equipment which ·The SPEAKER pro tempore
J:IOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES , Celia Z
