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Research Article Reproductive Biology Of Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2017), 4(3): 281-289 Received: May 30, 2017 © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: September 15, 2017 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.22034/iji.v4i3.22902.015 http://www.ijichthyol.org Research Article Reproductive biology of female Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from the Jajrud River, the Namak Lake basin, central Iran Amir POURSHABANAN1, 2, Alireza SARI1, Hamed MOUSAVI-SABET*3, 4 1School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 3Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran. 4The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran. * Email: [email protected] Abstract: Loach fishes of the genus Oxynoemacheilus, are found in Iran and adjacent countries, but their reproductive parameters are barely known. The main aim of this study was to obtain reproductive characteristics of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin, 1934). Sampling was carried out at monthly intervals throughout the year and 279 individuals of O. bergianus were caught from the River Jajrud in the Namak Lake basin, central Iran. Age, fecundity, oocyte diameter and Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) were examined. Regression analyses were used to find relations between fecundity and fish size, gonad weight (Wg) and age. The average egg diameter ranged from 142.8 micrometer (August) to 513.1 micrometer (March). Spawning took place in March, when the water temperature was between 16 and 20°C. The average GSI values for females at the beginning of the reproduction period (February) and in ripe mature females (March), were 9.8% and 22.4%, respectively. The averages of absolute and relative fecundity (relative to body weight) were 2792.4 eggs (SE±692.5) and of 637.9 (SE±119.6) per gram body weight, respectively. The absolute fecundity was significantly related to body weight and ovary weight. Based on the pattern of GSI, it was concluded that this fish has a relatively prolonged active reproductive period. The present knowledge could be used in the conservation and management strategies intended to maintain the O. bergianus stock. Keywords: Life history, Spawning season, Reproductive indices, Nemacheilidae. Citation: Pourshabanan, A.; Sari, A. & Mousavi-Sabet. H. 2017. Reproductive biology of female Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from the Jajrud River, the Namak Lake basin, central Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 4(3): 281-289. Introduction including the Anzali lagoon, and middle Aras, Shafa, According to Esmaeili et al. (2017), 51 loach species Siyah, Masouleh and Sefid Rivers and its upper belonging to two families Nemacheilidae and tributaries (Qezel Owzan and Shahrud) of Caspian Cobitidae and eight genera have been recorded from Sea basin; Karaj, Jajrud, upper Shur or Abhar, middle 19 water basins of Iran. Of these, 31 species are and upper Qareh Chai and upper Qom rivers of the endemic to Iran including Oxynoemacheilus Namak Lake basin, southern and eastern tributaries bergianus (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015; Esmaeili et of Lake Urmia basin (Zarineh, Tata'u and Talkheh al. 2017). This species is widely distributed in Iran Rivers), and possibly in the eastern Dasht-e Kavir 281 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2017), 4(3): 281-289 basin (Saadati 1977). The biological aspects of most (energy level: 200–300 V; distance between loach species in Iran are unknown especially the electrodes: 10-50 meters; area covered each time: information is limited about the life history and 100 meters; water depth covered: 40-120 cm; reproduction of Nemacheilidae (Mousavi-Sabet et al. substrate of the fishing areas: with diverse structures 2016b, 2017b; Coad 2017). Additionally, there is an including pools, riffles, gravel bed, sandy shore, etc.) urgent need to determine the habitat state, food habits and hand net from the Jajrud River (35°34′ to and systematic of this species in Iran. Currently, 35°47′N, 51°47′ to 51°40′E) in the Namak Lake basin, biological data on loaches are available on spined Tehran Province, Iran. All specimens were fixed and loaches (genus Cobitis) in the southern Caspian Sea preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution and basin (Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011, 2012b, 2012c). transferred to the laboratory. For each specimen total According to Saadati (1977), O. bergianus is length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length categorized as near threatened species. (SL) were measured using digital caliper with a Drought, as a main threatening factor of precision of 0.01 mm; body weight (g) was taken on biodiversity loss in Iran, has dried up many natural a digital balance with 0.001 g accuracy. Sex was springs, marshes, ponds and streams (Mousavi-Sabet determined by examination of the gonad tissue either et al. 2013, 2016a). The water flow is reduced with eye or by microscopic examination of the especially in the most main rivers and tributaries of gonads (using a binocular 25-40×). Gonado-Somatic the Tigris drainage threatening specifically the Index (GSI) index was used to investigate the habitat of small fish either endemic or limited to this monthly changes in gonads in order to estimate the region. In addition, industrial, agricultural and spawning season of the species. In order to determine aquaculture wastes, as the main sources of water GSI, Biswas (1993) was followed: GSI [= (Wg× Wb pollution, have significantly increased in the recent –1)×100]. Also, to determine the number of eggs two decades in Iran that affected the fauna and flora (fecundity), approximately 0.05 g pieces of ovary of freshwater habitats (Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2013, tissue were removed, each from the anterior, medial 2016a). Fisheries management organizations some- and posterior positions of both ovarian lobes times measure the likely impact of fishing on a stock (Mohammadi-Darestani et al. 2016; Mansouri- by estimating its relative spawning potential (Mace Chorehi et al. 2016). The ovary pieces were weighed 1994). Today, it is clear and recognized how and their eggs were counted under a binocular reproductive biology affects population productivity. microscope. The number of eggs in each female was The reproductive potential, i.e., fecundity is an calculated as the proportion of eggs in the sample to important biological parameter that plays a the weight of the whole ovary. To calculate absolute significant role in evaluation the commercial fecundity, ovaries at four or five stages were used. potentials of fish stocks (Gómez-Márquez 2003; The absolute fecundity (Fa) was estimated in 30 Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2017a). The principal object of ovaries by counting the 0.1 g oocytes weight (Biswas this study was to provide data on the reproductive 1993). The stage of gonad maturity was determined biology of O. bergianus, including gonado-somatic visually following the Nikolsky scale (Nikolsky index, fecundity, oocyte diameter, and spawning 1963). The relative fecundity (Fr) was expressed by season duration, which are necessary for dividing the absolute fecundity (Fa) by the fish body conservation and management programs of this fish. weight. The result was the number of eggs per gram of body weight (Bagenal 1967). To determine the Materials and Methods ovum diameter, the ovaries were preserved in 4% Fish individuals were collected monthly from formaldehyde solution. The age of fish was assessed January 2012 to December 2012 by electrofishing based on the annual growth of scales taken from the 282 Pourshabanan et al.- Reproduction of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus Table 1. Fork length (FL), standard length (SL), total length (TL) and body weight (W) (mean±SD) in different ages of females Oxynoemacheilus bergianus from the Jajrud River. Age N FL (mm) SL (mm) TL (mm) W (g) 1+ 46 35.7±2.2 30.6±2.1 37.1±2.3 0.33±0.07 2+ 84 43.0±3.0 36.9±3.0 44.9±3.1 0.62±0.15 3+ 74 52.8±2.6 45.2±2.4 55.1±2.7 1.17±0.26 4+ 61 62.1±2.3 53.7±2.2 64.7±2.4 2.30±0.61 5+ 14 69.4±1.7 60.8±2.9 72.6±1.6 3.52±0.70 N: number of specimens; SD: standard deviation. Table 2. Absolute (Fa) and relative (Fr) fecundity in particular ranges (according to age) of Standard length (SL) and body weight (W) for females Oxynoemacheilus bergianus from the Jajrud River. Parameters Groups N Fa Fr Range Mean±SE Range Mean±SE 30.0-53.2 12 106.1-2850.7 1478.4±366.5 75.8-550.0 289.7±96.8 SL (mm) ≥ 53.2 18 1057.4 -5165.9 3676.7±351.5 470.4-1006.7 768.0±79.0 1.4-2.1 13 106.1-1057.4 581.8±186.9 75.6-498.0 348.0±93.0 W (g) 2.2-4.4 10 1598.9-3806.8 2702.9±494·1 470.4-880.4 616.3±106.0 ≥ 4.5 7 4961.3-5165.9 4196.2±408.4 984.0-1006.7 1163.4±126.7 3+ 15 106.1-1598.9 920.8±195.3 106.1-1598.9 398.5±86.6 Age 4+ 11 3806.8-4961.3 3455.6±516.1 1598.9-3801.9 713.9±101.1 5+ 4 2850.7-5165.9 4496.2±553.2 4961.2-5165.9 835.4±167.7 N = number of specimens; SE = standard error. left side of the body, between the end of the pectoral 72.6mm, 35.8-69.4mm, 30.6-60.8 mm and from 0.33 fin and beginning of the dorsal fin (Mousavi-Sabet et to 3.52g, respectively (Table 1).
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