Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80943-6 — Papacy and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Rome Jeffrey Collins Index More Information

Home , Carlo Marchionni, Casamari Abbey, Palazzo della Consulta

index <

Accademia degli Aborigeni, 68 Apollo Citharedos and the Muses (statue group from Accademia degli Arcadi, 32, 57–8, 67 Tivoli), 81, 166, 174, 179, 297, figs. 42, 79 Accademia di S. Luca, 69, 72, 86 Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm von, 120, 159, Adam, Robert, 159 , 252, 315 n. 29 176 Adayr, Robert, 226 Ariosto, Ludovico, 174 Albacini, Carlo, 169 Augustine, Saint, 207 Albani, Cardinal Alessandro, 100, 102, 136, 146, Augustus, Emperor, fig. 33 150 and Roman obelisks, 193, 195, 197, 201, 202, Albani, Cardinal Gianfrancesco, 12, 219 210, 216–19 Albert, Duke of Saxony-Teschen, 52, 54 as model for Pius VI, 74, 188, 193, 216–19, Alberti, Cherubino and Giovanni, Glorification of 245, 295 Clement VIII, 249 Azara, Cavaliere Nicola de, 212–13, 215, Albizi, Msgr. Francesco degli, 123–5, 225, 216 308 n. 13, 311 n. 53, 57, 324 n. 56 Alexander the Great, 184–5, 196, 202, 295, Balboni, Felice, 247 fig. 108 Bandi, Cardinal Giancarlo (uncle of Pius VI), 10, Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), Pope, 326 n. 1 73, 235, 301 n. 10 Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi), Pope, 46, 194–5, Barocci, Federico, 60 198, 219, 221, 322 n. 26 Barberi, Giuseppe, projects for Palazzo Braschi, Algardi, Alessandro, 83, 84 232–33, 234, fig. 138 Alfieri, Vittorio, 68 Barberini family, as model for the Braschi, 230 Amaduzzi, Giovanni Cristoforo, 57 (see also Urban VIII) Ancona (Marches), 46, 49, 268, fig. 22 Barigioni, Filippo, 195, 207 Andrew, Saint, 112, 203, 252, fig. 154 (see also Bassville, Hugo de, 26 Subiaco, S. Andrea) Batoni, Pompeo, 36, 67, 72, 291 Angelini, Giovanni, 72, 305 n. 60 Pius VI, 32–6, 73, 254, fig. 10 Antinori, Giovanni Beckford, Peter, observations on Rome and Pius erection of obelisks, 195–219, fig. 116 VI, 20, 62, 68, 87, 127 (see also obelisks: Campense; Quirinal; Belli, Giuseppe, 232 Sallustian) Belli, Pasquale, 223, 225, fig. 133 project for Palazzo Braschi, 234, 235 Bellini, Orazio, 218 Antolini, Giovanni Belvedere Torso, 81, 139, 178, 192, 315 n. 31 , project for Campense obelisk, 212–13, 215, 319 n. 82 fig. 125 Benedict XIV (Prospero Lambertini), Pope, 67, project for Vatican Sacristy, 95–6, fig. 50 81, 225, 284, 306 n. 76, 324 n. 54 Antologia Romana, 68, 71 influence on Pius VI, 10, 16, 20 Antonelli, Cardinal Leonardo, 119 and obelisks, 199, 210, 213 Antoninus Pius, 14, 188 and Vatican Palace/Museum, 74, 136, 149, 187 Column of, 199, 201, 213–15 Benevento (Campania), Ponte Calore and Porta Apollo Belvedere, 54, 135, 139, 145, 147, 176–7, Pia, 268–9, fig. 166 192, 230, 294, 297, fig. 89 Bergondi, Andrea, 69, 123, 307 n. 3, 312 n. 70

345

INDEX

Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, and Palazzo Braschi, 232–3, 240 Cathedra Petri, 32, 87, 123–4, 296 taste in interior furnishings, 242–5 projects for St. Peter’s, 94, 313 n. 73 Braschi-Onesti, Duke Luigi (nephew of Pius VI) Four Rivers Fountain, 195, 199, 205 accompanies uncle to Vienna, 51 as inspiration for later artists: Giovanni acquires marquisate of Nemi, 227–8 Antinori, 198, 199, 207; Francesco adopted and ennobled, 227–30 Ciaraffoni, 270; Carlo Colombi, 262; depictions of, 54, 79, 228, figs. 23, 40, 135 Francesco Antonio Franzoni, 243; Carlo exiled from Rome, 233 Marchionni, 102, 104, 117, 121, fig. 67; gifts received, 71 Cosimo Morelli, 94; Francesco Navone, and Palazzo Braschi, 232–3, 240–1 (see also 268; Melchiorre Passalacqua, 234; Agostino Palazzo Braschi) Penna, 84; Michelangelo Simonetti, 125, signs Treaty of Tolentino, 28 163; Giuseppe Subleyras, 96; Luigi Valadier, taste in interior furnishings, 76, 242–5 61; Giuseppe Valadier, 46, 219 and Terracina, 276, 282, 285 Bernis, Cardinal François-Joachim de Pierres de, Brenna, Vincenzo, 322 n. 32 12, 13, 71, 206, 303 n. 33 Brosses, Charles de, 144, 149, 171 Beuys, Joseph, Pius VI Leaves Rome under French Bufalini, Msgr. Giovanni, 126, 128 Escort, fig. 8 Buon Governo, Congregazione della, 19, 247, Bianchini, Francesco, 136 263, 275, 280–1 Bianconi, Lodovico, 68 Butler, Fanny Kemble Bischi, Nicola, 300 n. 20 “Verses on Rome,” 2–3 Bloom, Harold, 293–8 “Vision of the Vatican,” 132, 171, 173, 177, Boncompagni, Cardinal Ignazio, 206 189–90 Bonsignori, Ferdinando, 216, fig. 127 Byres, James, 316 n. 42 Boreas (NorthWind). See Pius VI: heraldry, as artistic and symbolic device Cades, Giuseppe (after), Procession of Corpus Christi Borghese, Prince Marcantonio IV, 73, 75, 166, in St. Peter’s, Officiatedby Pius VI , 64, fig. 29 179, 305 n. 53, 318 n. 66, 323 n. 40 Caesar, Julius, 21, 202, 294 Borgia, Cardinal Stefano, Vaticana Confessio, 123 Caffarelli, Msgr. Francesco, 93, 308 n. 14 Borromini, Francesco, 30, 161, 220, 296 Calamanti, Antonio, 49 and Carlo Marchionni, 112, 117, 121, 122, 294 Calandrelli, Prof. Giuseppe, 217, 298 and Giuseppe Valadier, 99 Camporese, Giulio, 257, 258, 326 n. 4 S. Giovanni in Laterano, 117–19, fig. 68 Archof Pius VI, Subiaco, 44–5, fig. 17 Boschi, Cardinal Giovanni Carlo, 71 Camporese, Giuseppe Boyle, Richard, Lord Burlington, 159 work in provinces, 257, 279, 280–1, 326 n. 4 Bracci, Virginio, 282 work at Vatican Museum, 153 , 163–5 Bragaglia, Domenico, 284–6, fig. 181 (see also Vatican Palace and Museums: Sala Bramante, Donato, 135 della Biga) Brancadoro, Archbishop Cesare, on Pius’s work at Camporese, Pietro, 76, 214, 280 Subiaco, 45, 257–62 Collegio Germanico-Ungarico, Rome, 223–4, Braschi, Giovanni Angelo. See Pius VI fig. 132 Braschi-Onesti, Cardinal Romualdo (nephew of Porta Pia, Benevento, 269, fig. 166 Pius VI) Rocca Abbaziale, Subiaco, 326 n. 4, fig. 149 and Accademia di S. Luca, 306 n. 68 S. Andrea, Subiaco, 256–62, figs. 157–8, 160 adopted by pope, 227, 230–2, 240 Cancellieri, Francesco apartment at Palazzo della Consulta, 182, on obelisks, 204–205, 210, 212, 213, 295 230–2, 262, fig. 107 on Pius’s work at St. Peter’s, 90–2, 94, 101, commissions Canova monument, 131 124, 125 depictions of, 54, 79, 230, 291, figs. 23, 31, 40, on ritual, 43, 58 137 Canova, Antonio, 192, 193, 316 n. 44 as maggiordomo, 75, 303 n. 35 Monument to Pius VI (St. Peter’s), 131, fig. 77 support of Antonio Cavallucci, 230, 31 0 n. 43, Capitoline Museum, 136, 138, 139, 141, 145, 187, 327 n. 20 fig. 86 Braschi-Onesti, Duchess Costanza Falconieri Carloni, Marco, 66, 309 n. 26, 31 0 n. 33, 311 n. 53, calling card, 228, fig. 136 frontispiece, figs. 56, 60 gifts received, 71 Carracci, Annibale, 54, 71, 188 marriage and role in papal court, 227–30, Casali, Cardinal Antonio, 81, 167, 280, 317 n. 57, 304 n. 38 324 n. 51

346

INDEX

Casamari Abbey, statue of Pius VI, 49 Coaci, Vincenzo, Inkstandin the Form of the Caserta, Reggia, and Palazzo Braschi, 236 Quirinal monument, 200, 203, fig. 119 Castelgandolfo, 32, 46, 262 Coccetti, Liborio, 227–8, 234, 257, 272 Catherine the Great, Empress (of Russia), 55, 68, apartments of Pius VI at Subiaco, 247–54, 291, 299 n. 8 294, figs. 150–6 Catholic Enlightenment, 4, 16–17, 37–42, 56–8, Cocchi, Filippo, Muse of Poetry (micromosaic), 55, 65 (see also Pius VI: and Enlightenment fig. 24 philosophy) Collegio Germanico-Ungarico, 81–4, 223–4, Cavaceppi, Bartolomeo, 72, 138, 167, 169 figs. 43, 132 Cavallucci, Antonio, 119–20, 182, 261, 272, 274, Colombi, Carlo, work at Subiaco, 262 31 0 n. 43, 327 n. 20 Conca, Sebastiano, 261 Cardinal Romualdo Braschi-Onesti, 230, fig. 137 Conca, Tommaso The Liberation of St. Peter (Vatican Sacristy), Triumph of Apollo (Sala delle Muse), 1, 174–6, fig. 71 189, 191, fig. 104 Ceracchi, Giuseppe, Pius VI, 67, fig. 1 work at Villa Borghese, 179 Cesena (Romagna), 9, 49, 70, 123, 230, 235, 247, Conservatorio Pio, 222, fig. 131 272 Constantina, sarcophagus of (Sala a Croce Greca), Charles III of Bourbon, King (of Naples and 165, 167, 173 Spain), 10, 71 Corilla Olimpica (Maria Maddalena Charles IV, King (of Spain), 244 Morelli-Fernandez), 34 Cignani, Carlo, 54 Corvi, Domenico, 119, 274 Chinea, Festa della, 24, 65, 301 n. 34 Ciaraffoni, Francesco, 270, fig. 168 Damian, Saint Peter, 16 Citta` di Castello, hospital and orphanage, 270, David, Jacques-Louis, 34, 70 fig. 168 De Angelis, Domenico, 179 Civitavecchia, Pius’s improvements in, 48, 263–4, Loves of the Gods (Gabinetto delle Maschere), figs. 20, 162 180–1, fig. 105 Claude Lorrain, 46 Pius VI Meets Emperor Joseph II outside Vienna Clement VII (Giulio de’ Medici), Pope, 60 (Vatican Library), fig. 6 Clement VIII (Ippolito Aldobrandini), Pope, Dell’Oste, Alessandro, 72, 233, 315 n. 35, 311 n. 54 328 n. 36 Clement XI (Gianfrancesco Albani), Pope, 69, Denham, Thomas, 22 300 n. 14, 304 n. 49, 306 n. 76, 313 n. 74, De Rossi, Angelo, Lamentation, 62 316 n. 44 De Rossi, Giovanni Antonio, 163 and Antonine column, 199, 213 Desprez, Louis-Jean, 275 and obelisks, 194–5 Easter Benediction of Pius VI, 62–3, 70, fig. 27 Unigenitus, 9, 23 Pius VI Saying Christmas Mass in St. Peter’s in urbanism, 193, 221, 222 1783, 63–4, fig. 28 and Vatican collections, 136, 314 n. 17 Dori, Alessandro, 140–1, 264, fig. 83 work at St. Peter’s, 91, 93, 124 Ducros, Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Clement XII (Lorenzo Corsini), Pope, 10, 32, 46, Pius VI on His Way to the Pontine Marshes, 46–7, 49, 100, 136, 204 58, 275, fig. 19 Clement XIII (Carlo Rezzonico), Pope, views of Museo Pio-Clementino, 318 n. 69, 193 fig. 89 conservative policies, 10, 23, 300 n. 16 as model for Pius VI, 32, 60, 131 Effemeridi Letterarie, 68 and Vatican collections, 137, 139 Eigtved, Niels, 265 Clement XIV (Lorenzo Ganganelli), Pope, 7, excavations for papal museum, 166, 316 n. 51 10–11, 300 n. 16 Eybel, JosephValens, Was ist der Papst?, 30 depicted by G. D. Porta, 31 , 32, fig. 2 dissolves Society of Jesus, 7, 12, 39, 57, 187, 188 Fabri, Giuseppe, work at Terracina, 279–81, negative example for Pius VI, 20, 30, 39, 149, figs. 176–7 193 Falcioni, Gioacchino, 71–2 neglect of ceremony, 58, 121, 301 n. 7 Fedele da San Biagio, Fra, 266–8 patronage of Vatican Museum, 100, 137, 138, Martyrdom of St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, fig. 164 139–51, 152 , 153 Feoli, Vincenzo projects in provinces, 263–4 project for piazza del Popolo, after G. Valadier, and Thomas Harrison, 159 figs. 128–9

347

INDEX

Feoli, Vincenzo (cont.) and urbanism, 193, 204–5, 212, 219–20, 225 views of Museo Pio-Clementino, 318 n. 69, and Vatican Museum, 132, 138, 144, 145, figs. 78, 84, 95, 97 147–8, 159 , 171–81 Ferdinand IV, King (of Naples), 23–5, 37, 52, 54, Gregory the Great, Saint Pope, 14, 16, 126, 188, 59, 138 203, 252 Ferdinand Carlo, Archduke (of Austria), 52, 54 Gregory XIII (Ugo Boncompagni), Pope, 91 Finocchietti, Cardinal Raniero, 71 grotesque painting, revived at Subiaco, 251–2 Flitcroft, Henry, 159 Guardi, Francesco, 52 Foligno (Umbria), Pius visits, 51–2, 71 Guercino, 54 Folli, Giuseppe, 60 Gustav III, King (of Sweden), visits Rome, 52–4, Fontana, Carlo, 94, 160, 199, 214 63–4, 73, 81, 155 , 190–2, 318 n. 75, figs. 23, Fontana, Domenico, 194, 238 42 Fontana del Riciotto (destroyed), 220 Forti, Niccolo,` 222 Hackert, Jakob Philip (attributed to), Pius VI Francis of Paola, Saint, relics of, 154 Imparts his Blessing at Terracina, 275, 276, 284, Franzoni, Francesco Antonio, 266, 291 305 n. 53, fig. 172 work for Palazzo Braschi, 233, 242–3, Hadrian, Emperor, 325 n. 76, fig. 146 as prototype for Pius VI, 54, 173, 188, fig. 111 work at St. Peter’s, 119, 312 n. 70, figs. 69, 76 villa (Tivoli), as architectural model, 95, 156 , work for Vatican Museum, 72, 165, 167–9, 173, 160, 174, 188, fig. 111 178, 291, 318 n. 66, figs. 95, 101–2 villa, as source of antiquities and spolia, 122, Frate, Domenico del, 188, 325 n. 65, fig. 111 154 , 166, 316 n. 51 FrenchRevolution, and Pius VI, 26, 327 n. 23, Hamilton, Gavin, 71, 138, 149 figs. 7, 8 Harrison, Thomas, 159 Frey, Giacinto, 78, fig. 38 Helena, Saint, sarcophagus of (Sala a Croce Fuga, Ferdinando, 128, 145, 161, 213, 223 Greca), 165, 167, 173 Henry II, King (of France), 320 n. 93 Gabbrini, Tommaso Maria, Annotazioni Hontheim, Bishop J. N. von (Justinus Febronius), storico-critiche, 207 23, 253 Gabriel, Ange-Jacques, 220, 285 Gagneraux, Bénigne, Pius VI andGustav III in the Innocent VIII (Giovanni Battista Cybo), Pope, Museo Pio-Clementino, 53–4, 63, 190–1, 297, 135, 139–41 fig. 23 Innocent X (Giovanni Battista Pamphili), Pope, Galilei, Alessandro, 94, 204 84, 194–5, 316 n. 44 Gaulli, Giovanni Battista, Triumph of the Name of Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli), Pope, 222, 227 Jesus, 251 Innocent XIII (Michelangelo Conti), Pope, 41 Gazzoli, Luigi, 270 Giani, Felice, 49, 69 Jacopino dal Conte, Madonna and Child with Saint Giardoni, Nicola, 311 n. 56, 323 n. 39 Anne andSaints Peter andPaul , 119, fig. 64 Gibbon, Edward, Decline andFall banned, 68 Jacquier, François, 126 Giornale delle Belle Arti, 68, 96 Jansenism, 23–6, 57, 247, 251, 259 Giornale Ecclesiastico di Roma, 57 Jenkins, Thomas, 138 Giovanelli, Giuseppe, bid to repair Quirinal Jesuits. See Society of Jesus obelisk, 195 Jews, Pius VI and, 56, 302 n. 12 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 139, 293 John Paul II (Karol Wojtila), Pope, 1, 290 on obelisks, 207, 218 Joseph, Saint, relics of, 207 on Rome, 3–4, 87, 134, 138, 296 JosephII, Emperor, 23, 51–2, 63–4, 81, on Pius VI, 13 318 n. 75, figs. 6, 28 visits Vatican Museum, 172 Josephism, 23–6 Gorani, Giuseppe, 64 Jubilee of 1775, 58–60, 89, 90, fig. 25 Grand Tour/tourists in Pius VI’s Rome, 3–4, 52, Julius II (Giuliano Della Rovere), Pope 54–6 (see also Archenholz; Beckford; Butler; creates Cortile Ottagono (delle statue), 54, 135 Denham; Goethe; Gustav III; Krudener;¨ as model for Pius VI, 4, 65, 131, 176, 179, 191, Meyer; Moore; Morat´ın; Piozzi; Smollett) 294, 322 n. 26 and art/antiquities market, 68, 71, 138–9 Julius III (Giovan Maria Ciocchi del Monte), and religious ritual, 62–4 Pope and revival of nepotism, 227 villa restored as retreat by Pius VI, 71–2, 205, and St. Peter’s, 87, 129–30 317 n. 58

348

I NDEX

porphyry tazza removed to papal museum, 81, 111–19, figs. 52–5; intended urbanistic 144, 154 , 173, 314 n. 17 setting, 107–9; love of Mannerist/Baroque Juvarra, Filippo, proposal for Vatican Sacristy, 93, ornament, 100–4, 110, 111–19, 122, 161, 94, 101, 102, 309 n. 26, 313 n. 73, fig. 47 172; pope’s impatience with, 110;prefers white marble, 121–2; receives commission, Kauffmann, Angelica, 313 n. 9 66–7, 89–90, 94, 100, 291, 309 n. 25, Kemble, Fanny. See Butler, Fanny Kemble figs. 31, 44; respect for Michelangelo, 111–12, Kent, William, 158 292 Kircher, Athanasius, 322 n. 26 Marchionni, Filippo, 268 Krudener,¨ Baron Alexis von, 62, 87, 296 Marini, Pasquale, 54, 75 Martial, On the Spectacles, 291–3, 295 Labruzzi, Pietro, 70 Massi, Pasquale, 172 Lanfranco, Giovanni, 230 Masucci, Agostino, Clement XII, 32 Laocoon¨ , 139, 145, 147–8, 179, 192, 294 Mattei sculpture collection, purchased by Le Brun, André Jean (sculptor), 70 Clement XIV, 138, 139 Ledoux, Claude-Nicolas, 269–70, 274, 326 n. 79 Memorie per le Belle Arti, 68, 162, 190, 261 Leo the Great, Saint Pope, 16 Mengs, Anton Raphael, 32, 84, 100, 166, Leo X (Giovanni de’ Medici), Pope, 4, 23, 32, 65, 176 188 Triumph of History (Allegory of the Museum Leonardo da Vinci, tapestry after, 60 Clementinum), 137–8, 144, 182, fig. 81 Leopold II, Grand Duke (of Tuscany, later Meyer, FriedrichJohannLorenz, 21, 48, 49, 60, Emperor), 25, 62 122, 176–7, 189, 293, 294, 296 Leonardo da Pistoia, Madonna and Child with Saint Michelangelo, 125, 163, 178, 296 Anne andSaints Peter andPaul , 119, fig. 64 and Vatican Sacristy, 91, 111–12, 117 Lepri, Don Amanzio, 228 Michetti, Nicola, project for Vatican Sacristy, 93, Ligorio, Pirro, 135 115, 313 n. 73 Lippi, Filippo, 273 micromosaics, Pius VI’s patronage of, 55, fig. 24 Lisandroni, Ferdinando, 68, 169 Milizia, Francesco, 223 liturgical silver, Pius VI’s patronage of, 60–2 on Clement XIV and Jesuits, 296 Locatelli, Bishop Francesco, 271 criticism of Accademia degli Arcadi, 67 Longhi, Niccolo,` St. Andrew, 112, fig. 61 criticism of bells at St. Peter’s, 127 Louis XIV, King (of France), 178, 291 criticism of Pius’s obelisks, 203, 207, 212, Louis XV, King (of France), 188 218 Louis XVI, King (of France), 26, 56 criticism of papal administration, 19, 225 Louvre, Musée du (Musée Napoleon), 192, 297, criticism of Simonetti’s portico, 145–6 figs. 114, 187 and Palazzo Braschi, 233, 235, 237–9 on Pius VI, 12, 34, 37, 43, 52, 149, 228, 291 Maderno, Carlo, 163, 263 Principˆı di architettura civile, 239 Madonna del Seme (chapel in Borgo, destroyed), on Thomas Harrison, 159 220 on the Vatican Sacristy, 94, 100, 109, 121, 122 Manno, Francesco, Unum prae Cunctis: Pius VI Mimmi, Andrea, 311 n. 48, 319 n. 88 Commissions the Vatican Sacristy, 66–7, 291–3, Mirri, Ludovico, 252 295, fig. 31 Montecchio (Marches). See Treia Mansolini, Domenico, 327 n. 30 Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron Mantegna, Andrea, 188 de, on Pantheon, 173 chapel and sacristy in Villa Belvedere Moore, John, observations on Pius VI, 13, 58, (destroyed), 140, 152 , 178 88–9 Marchionni, Carlo, 291, 313 n. 73 Mondini, Carlo, 226 advises on campanili, 126, 312 n. 63 Monsampietrangeli (Marches), 275 advises on Penna statue, 306 n. 79 Monti, Vincenzo, 227, 230 architetto soprastante at St. Peter’s, 94, 100, Feroniade, 227 309 n. 25 Peregrinus apostolicus, 30, 51 principe of Accademia di S. Luca, 69 Prosopopea di Pericle, 190 project for Confessio, 123 Mont’Olmo (Marches, now Corridonia), SS. protected by Cardinal Albani, 100, 146, 150 Paolo, Pietro, e Donato, 274 and Vatican Sacristy (see also St. Peter’s: Morat´ın, Leandro Franc´ısco de, 62–3, 172 sacristy): as built, 106; critical reaction, Morcelli, Stefano Antonio, inscriptions composed 89–90, 120–3; design process, 98, 100–10, by, 50, 201, 218

349

I NDEX

Morelli, Cosimo, 95 Quirinal (from Mausoleum of Augustus, at and Braschi family, 235 piazza del Quirinale), 195–203, 204–5, Palazzo Braschi, Rome, 161, 233, 235–42, 294–5, figs. 115–19; difficulties in reerection, figs. 140–5 201, 202–3; discovery, 195; fountains, Palazzo Braschi, Terracina, 276–7, fig. 172 199–201; inscriptions, 201–2, 294–5; Porta Napoletana, Terracina, 279, fig. 175 ornaments, 201, 203; restoration, 195; siting project for Vatican Sacristy, 90, 94–5, 307, withDioscuri, 196–9, 203, 293 figs. 48–9 Sallustian (at Trinita` dei Monti), 203–10, 216, Morigia, Camillo, 274 figs. 120–3; and aesthetic theory, 209–10; Museo Pio-Clementino. See Vatican Palace and criticism of, 207–9; problems in execution, Museums 206–7; siting, 203–6, 209–10, 212, 293 Muziano, Girolamo, 60 Vatican (at piazza S. Pietro), 194, 198, 203 Ospizio di S. Michele, 21, 54–5, 222, fig. 130 Napoleon, Emperor, 28, 34, 78, 192, 193, 297, Otricoli, Roman baths, 72, 154 , 156 , 173, 174, 301 n. 8, fig. 187 318 n. 75 Navone, Francesco, 263–6, 268, 323 n. 39, 327 n. 26, figs. 162, 163, 165 Pacetti, Vincenzo, 305 n. 60 Nemi, Castello Braschi, 227–8 as dealer/restorer, 138, 166, 169 nepotism, Pius VI’s revival of, 227–32 (see also as sculptor, 68, 72, 81, 86, 263, 291, Palazzo Braschi) figs. 41, 186 Neri, Saint Philip, 83, 230 Palazzo Braschi, 160, 193, 228, 232–43, 262, 291, Newby Hall (Yorkshire), and Museo 293, 296 Pio-Clementino, 159 alternative proposals, 234–5, figs. 138–9 Nocchi, Bernardino, 69, 291 as built by Cosimo Morelli, 235–42, Allegory of the Museum Pium, 182, 232, figs. 140–5 fig. 107 furnishings, 72, 242–5, figs. 146–8 apartment of Cardinal Romualdo site, 232–3, 293 Braschi-Onesti, 230–2, 294 staircase, 192, 240–2, figs. 144–5 Duke Luigi Braschi-Onesti, 228, fig. 135 Palazzo della Cancelleria, 238 Ecstasy of St. Chelidonia (Subiaco), 261–2, Palazzo della Consulta, 230–2 fig. 159 Palazzo Corsini, 161 Painting on the Tarpeian Mount Consigning a Palazzo del Quirinale, 60, 196, 203 Portrait of Pius VI to Fame (Stanza delle Palermo, Rosario, writing desk of Pius VI, 75, Stampe), 188–9 306 n. 71, fig. 36 vault of Vatican Pinacoteca, 188, fig. 111 Palladio, Andrea, 274 Pallotta, Cardinal Guglielmo, 19, 202, 263, 264, obelisks (general), 193–219 268, 312 n. 68 Barberini (in Pincio gardens), 204–5, Panini, Gianpaolo, 62, 70, 140, fig. 85 321 n. 8 Pantheon, as architectural model, 156, 159, 173, Campense (gnomon, solar; at piazza di 174, 188, 190, 320 n. 101 Montecitorio), 194, 195, 198, 204–5, Papal States, 17, fig. 4 210–19, figs. 124–27; base, 195, 201; history administration of, 17–19 and condition, 210; inscriptions, 218–19; economic aspects, 19–22 minimalist restoration, 215–16; proposals for Pius VI’s projects in (general), 246–89 (see also siting, 210–15 ; use as gnomon, 210, 216–19, Ancona, Benevento, Civitavecchia, 298 Monsampietrangeli, Mont’Olmo, S. Lorenzo Esquiline (at S. Maria Maggiore), 194, 195, Nuovo, Senigallia, Spoleto, Subiaco, 198, 202, 207 Terracina, Treia, Trevi, Urbino, Viterbo) Flaminian (at piazza del Popolo), 194, 198, 212, Papaleo, Pietro, Saint Pope Fabian, 83 216, 219 Parnassus, Mount, as model for Sala delle Muse, Lateran (at piazza del Laterano), 194, 198 174–6, 319 n. 78 Macuteo (at Pantheon), 194–5 Pascoli, Leone, 204 Minerveo (at S. Maria sopra Minerva), Pascucci, Francesco, 70 194–5 Pasquino (talking statue), 13, 14, 37, 90, 325 n. 69 Pamphili (at piazza Navona, see also Bernini: Passalacqua, Melchiorre, 234, 235, 309 n. 18 Four Rivers Fountain), 194–5, 199, 205 Paul, Saint, 123, 126, 253 of Pius VI, 81, fig. 42 (see also obelisks: relics of, 203 Campense, Quirinal, Sallustian) Paul III (Alessandro Farnese), Pope, 51, 302 n. 10

350

INDEX

Paul V (Camillo Borghese), Pope, 88, 125, annual medals, 47–8, 182, 263, 265, 303 n. 26, 316 n. 44 fig. 108 Pedroni, Giuseppe, 261 antipathy to Clement XIV, 10–11, 149, Penna, Agostino, 68, 179 299 n. 6 (see also Clement XIV) Pius VI, Vatican Sacristy, 84–6, 123, fig. 45 appearance and character, 12–17, 19, 290–8, Pessuti, Prof. Gioacchino, 217, 298 300 n. 11 Peter, Saint art patronage, in historical perspective, 6, 290–8 depicted in Mengs’s Triumph of History, 137–8, as art critic and connoisseur, 69–73, 303 n. 33 fig. 81 birthand early career, 9–11 as Pius’s prototype/protector, 14, 32, 87, 88–9, bulls, encyclicals, edicts: Auctorem Fidei, 25; 126; at St. Peter’s, 123–4, fig. 72; in Subiaco, Charitas, 26; Fra le Pastorale Sollecitudini, 56; 252–3, 262; at Vatican Sacristy, 119–20, 292, Inscrutabile Divinae Sapientiae, 16–17, 23, 56, fig. 71 296–7, 300 n. 16; QuodAliquantum , 26; relics placed atop obelisks, 203 Super Soliditate Petri, 30 Peter, Wenzel, 69 commendatory abbot of Subiaco, 10–11, 43, Peyre, Joseph-Marie, 235 69, 246, 326 n. 1 (see also Subiaco) Pezzoli, Venceslao, excavations at Roma Vecchia, depicted in busts (by artist): Ceracchi (Genoa), 166 67, fig. 1;LeBrun,70; Mansolini (Viterbo), Piale, Stefano, 60, 320 n. 100 327 n. 30; Pacetti (Rome), 68, fig. 186; Pius VI Inspecting the Hall of the Muses, 79, 153 , Pierantoni, 283; Sibilla (S. Lorenzo Nuovo), fig. 40 266; Valadier (Recanati), 271; Zoffoli (after) Pius VI Rebukes the French Ambassadors, (Treia), 49, fig. 21 fig. 7 depicted in medals and cameos: at anatomical studies throne of Peter, 123, fig. 72 museum, S. Spirito in Sassia, 227;in piazza del Popolo, Pius VI’s project to refurbish, foundation of Quirinal obelisk, 330 n. 11;by 219–20, 274, figs. 128–9 G. Pichler, 78, fig. 38; by L. Valadier, 73, fig. piazza della Rotonda, poultry stalls, 221–2 32; by G. B. and E. Q. Visconti, 41–2, fig. 13 piazza S. Salvatore in Lauro, school founded by depicted in paintings (for details see individual Pius VI, 224 artists): anonymous, 222, 278, figs. 131, 174; Pierantoni, Giovanni, 72, 195, 283, 291, 306 n. 77 Batoni, 32–6, 73, 254, fig. 10; Cavallucci, 31 0 chief restorer of sculpture at papal museum, 79, n. 43; Coccetti, 247–50, figs. 150, 152;De 169, fig. 40 Angelis, fig. 6; Desprez, 62–4, figs. 27–8; Pius VI andthe Genius of Rome (Collegio Ducros, 46–7, 58, 275, fig. 19; Gagneraux, Germanico-Ungarico), 81–4, 182, 223, 53–4, 63, 190–1, 297, fig. 23; Guardi, 52; figs. 43–4 Hackert (attributed to), 275, fig. 172; Piermarini, Giuseppe, 284 Labruzzi, 70; Manno, 66–7, 291–3, 295, Piernicoli, Benedetto, 43–4, fig. 16 fig. 31; Nocchi, 188, fig. 112; Piale, 79, Pietro da Cortona, Allegory of Divine Providence, fig. 40; Porta, 31 –2, 36, 96, 123, 250, 301 n.3, 174, 230, 248–50 figs. 9, 11, 12; Wutky, 78, fig. 39 Pinturicchio, Bernardino, ceilings at Villa depicted in prints ( for details see individual Belvedere, 140–1, 179, 182 artists): anonymous, 58, 66, figs. 25, 30; Piozzi, Hester, 177, 191, 293 Beuys, fig. 8; Carloni, 66, frontispiece; Piale Piranesi, Francesco, 72, 138, 166, 303 n. 33 (after), fig. 7; Cades (after), 64, fig. 29 Piranesi, Giambattista, 138, 235, 326 n. 79 depicted in reliefs ( for details see individual Pistoia, Synod of, 25, 260 artists): Unterperger et al., (Vatican Library Pius IV (Giovanni Angelo Medici), Pope, Casino tables), 81, figs. 41–2; Pierantoni (base of of, 135 portrait statue), 81, fig. 44; G. Valadier et al., Pius V (Antonio Ghislieri), Saint Pope (base of Dea Roma), 78, fig. 38 depicted under Pius VI, 54, 252, 281 depicted in statues/statuettes ( for details see disperses Vatican antiquities, 135 individual artists): anonymous (Ancona, named patron of monastery at Terracina, 287 destroyed; Cesena; Rimini), 49, fig. 22; namesake of and model for Pius VI, 14, 41, 88, Canova (St. Peter’s), 131, fig. 77;Penna 126, 302 n. 17 (Vatican Sacristy), 84–6, fig. 45; Pierantoni relics of, 203, 207 (Collegio Germanico-Ungarico), 81–4, Pius VI (Giovanni Angelo Braschi), Pope fig. 43; Piernicoli (atop ephemeral arch, abolition of tolls and erection of customs Subiaco), 43–4, fig. 16; Sanmartino barrier, 20–1, 184, 246 (see also S. Lorenzo (Casamari), 49; after Unterperger (for Nuovo; Senigallia; Terracina) Capitol, not executed), 50; G. Valadier

351

INDEX

Pius VI (cont.) Pius IX (Giovan Maria Mastai-Ferretti), Pope, (atop proposed triumphal arch), 45–6, fig. 18; 109, 247 Weber, 39, fig. 14 Pliny, Natural History, 210, 216 diplomatic gifts, 54–6 Ponfreni, Giovanni Battista, 124, 167, 313 n. 70 economic initiatives, 20–2, 222 (see also Pontine Pontine Marshes Marshes) depicted among Pius’s accomplishments, 36, education, support of, 223–7, figs. 132, 134 46–7, 78, 81, 254, 275, 278, figs. 5, 19, 38, election, 7, 11–12, 58, 299 n. 9 155, 172, 174 and Enlightenment philosophy, 4, 7, 10, 16–17, reclamation efforts, 21, 46, 95, 121, 276 (see 30, 132–5, 188, 191, 246, 263–70, 289 (see also Terracina) also Catholic Enlightenment; Jansenism; Porta, Giovanni Domenico, 301 n. 3 Josephism; medicine, Pius VI’s support of; Clement XIV on Horseback, fig. 2 Pius VI: economic initiatives) Pius VI (“election portrait”), 31 –2, 123–4, 250, evolution of taste, 32, 73–8 fig. 9 exile and death, 29, fig. 8 Pius VI in Ceremonial Regalia, 36, fig. 11 general treasurer of apostolic chamber (tesoriere Pius VI (“sacristy portrait”), 36, 96, fig. 12 generale), 10, 20–1, 139, 142, 148–51, 152 , Posi, Paolo, 66, 313 n. 73 263–5, 300 n. 19, 327 n. 26 Poussin, Nicolas, 187 heraldry, as artistic and symbolic device, 14, 38, Pozzi, Stefano, 137, 182 39, 48, 227, 236, 300 n. 15 , figs. 3, 15, 20, 134; Pozzo, Andrea, Apotheosis of St. Ignatius, 250–1 at apartment of Cardinal Romualdo Preziado, Francesco, 69 Braschi-Onesti, 230–2; in decorative and applied arts, 56, 61, 73, 242–3, 304 n. 50, figs. Quirinal Monument. See obelisks: Quirinal 32, 36, 37, 146; on obelisks, 199–201, 210, 218; at Subiaco, 247–9, 252, figs. 150, 151;at Rainaldi, Carlo, 219 St. Peter’s, 88, 125; at Vatican Museum, 150 , Raphael, 32, 71, 163, 252 (see also Vatican Palace 160–61, 162, 178, 185, 191, figs. 90, 109;at and Museums: Logge, Stanze) Vatican Sacristy, 99, 107–15 , 116, 119, and Sala delle Muse, 174, 176, 190–1 figs. 62–6, 69 School of Athens, 190–1, fig. 113 initiatives in provinces (general), 246–89 works copied under Pius VI, 60, 68, 71, 126 initiatives in Rome (general), 193–245 Rappini, Gaetano (Pius VI’s hydraulic engineer), library (personal), 70 82, 283 medicine, support of, 224–7, 270, 274, Reni, Guido, Crucifixion of St. Peter copied in figs. 133–4, 168 mosaic, 119–20 member of Congregazione della Fabbrica di S. Rezzonico, Senator Abbondio, 50 Pietro, 307 n. 4 Rezzonico, Cardinal Carlo (nephew of Clement name, choice of, 14 XIII), early support of Braschi, 10, 12 nepotism, revival of, 227–32 (see also Palazzo Ricci, Leandro, 1777, plan of Museo Braschi) Pio-Clementino, 153 , fig. 91 and obelisks, 4, 81, 193–219, figs. 42, 115–27 Ricci, Bishop Scipione de’, 25–6, 259 (see also obelisks: Campense, Quirinal, Righetti, Francesco, 72 Sallustian) Rimini (Romagna), 49 Possesso, 37–42, 47, 182, 185, figs. 13–15 Roman Republic, 29, 297 private apartments, Subiaco, 247–54 Rossi, Mariano, 249 public persona: as art patron, 65–86;ashigh Rubens, Peter Paul, 54 priest, 56–64; as secular ruler, 36–56; triform Ruffo, Cardinal Fabrizio, 216–17, 270, 324 n. 51, nature, 30–6 329 n. 52 religious ritual, support of, 58–64, 87, figs. 11, Ruffo, Cardinal Tommaso, early support of 25, 27–9, 172 Braschi, 10 taste for colored marbles, 121–2, 178 trip to Vienna, 23, 30, 43, 51–2, 71, fig. 6 S. Bernardo alle Terme, 157 , 257 and Vatican Museum, 132–92 (see also Vatican S. Giovanni in Laterano, 39, 117–19, 167, 194, Palace and Museums) 203, 204, 302 n. 17, fig. 68 visits to artists’ studios, 32, 71–3, 74, 233, 291, S. Lorenzo Nuovo (Latium), rebuilt by Clement 318 n. 75, 325 n. 70, 327 n. 17 XIV and Pius VI, 182, 184, 264–8, figs. 163–4 work at St. Peter’s, 87–131 (see also St. Peter’s) S. Maria della Febbre. See St. Peter’s: S. Maria Pius VII (Barnaba Chiaramonti), Pope, 36, 188, della Febbre 297, 329 n. 8 S. Maria del Popolo, 60, 219

352

IND EX

St. Peter’s Serangeli, G. C., Napoleon Receiving the Delegates improvements under Pius VI (see also sacristy, from the Army in the Museum of Antiquities, below): altar frontals, 124–5, fig. 73; bells, 73, 297, fig. 187 125–7, figs. 74, 76; Benediction Loggia, 88; Sibilla, Gaspare (chief restorer at Museo Cathedra Petri, 32, 123–4, figs. 9, 72; Pio-Clementino), 84, 139, 153 , 170, 266, Confessio, 123; clocks, 125, 127–8, 228, figs. 305 n. 60, 306 n. 77, 318 n. 65 75–6; dome ascent, 129–30; gates to narthex, Silos, Giovanni Michele, epigram on Esquiline 125, 293; museum of the basilica, 130–1, 307 obelisk, 202 n. 3; nave vault, 88, 307 n. 3; other repairs, Simonetti, Michelangelo, 157 –8, 291, 314 n. 19, 88, 128, 307 n. 3 315 n. 38 and papal ceremony, 62–4, 87, 90, figs. 27–9 architect of Museo Pio-Clementino, 78, 79, Pius’s devotion to, 32, 88–9 154 , figs. 39–40, 91–2; plan for new wing, 153 , sacristy (see also Carlo Marchionni): as built 157 –8, 160–3, figs. 40, 91–2; portico in (general), 106, 294, 296; cost, 90–2, 121–2, Cortile Ottagono, 142–8, 149, 175, 294, figs. 311 n. 46; critical response, 120–3, 291, 309 87, 89 n. 23; depicted among Pius’s architetto misuratore/revisore at St. Peter’s, 157 , accomplishments, 36, 78, 81–2, figs. 12, 44; 309 n. 26; laments missing sacristy, 90; plan discovery of Bacchic sarcophagus, 167; to move bells, 125–7, 312 n. 67 decision to build, 36, 84–6, 88–90, 92, Sixtus IV (Francesco Della Rovere), Pope, 25 291–3, 308 n. 9, 309 n. 17, figs. 12, 31, 44–5; Sixtus V (Felice Peretti), Pope, 294 development of program, 92;dome,107, and obelisks, 194–8, 202–4, 209 109, 111, 117, 119, figs. 59–60, 66; exterior and Pontine Marshes, 21, 293 massing and ornament, 110–12, figs. 46, 57, and Vatican Sacristy, 36 58, 59 ; interior (general), 112–20, figs. 60–2; Smollett, Tobias, on backwardness of Rome, main sacristy (Sagrestia Comune), 115–19, 19 121–2, figs. 65–6, 69–70; new projects/ Society of Jesus proposals: Morelli, 94–5, figs. 48–9; Antolini, confiscated paintings, 187 95–6, fig. 50; Subleyras, 96–9, fig. 12; dissolution by Clement XIV, 7, 11–12, 39, 57, Valadier, 99–100, fig. 51; Marchionni, 296 100–10, figs. 31, 52–6, 59–60;reviewof Pius’s sympathy for, 10, 12, 72, 251 earlier proposals, 93–4; selection of site, 92, survival in Russia, 55–6, 299 n. 8 101–2; stair hall, 84–6, 107, 306 n. 79, figs. Sophia Albertina, Princess (of Sweden), 55 45, 57, 58; subsidiary sacristies, chapels, halls, Soufflot, Jacques, Germain, 312 n. 69 92, 104, 106, 113–15 , 119–20, figs. 63–4, Spagna, Giuseppe, fig. 24 71 Spagna, Pietro Paolo, Vatican Library tables, 81, S. Maria della Febbre (old sacristy), fig. 41 demolished, 91–2, 112, 308 n. 11 Spagna, Vincenzo, 60 visitors’ reactions, 87 Specchi, Alessandro, 145, 198 S. Prassede, cornice of rosso antico, 167 Spedalieri, Nicola, 57, 266 S. Spirito in Sassia, hospital, 225–7, figs. 133–4 Spoleto (Umbria), Duomo restored by Giuseppe S. Stefano degli Ungari, demolished for Vatican Valadier, 271–3, figs. 169–70 Sacristy, 91, 113 Stern, Giovanni, 214–15 , 216, fig. 126 Sablet, Jacques, Visitors in the Sala degli Animali, Stuart, James “Athenian,” and Campense obelisk, fig. 103 210, 216 Sacchi, Andrea, 187, 189, 230 Subiaco (Latium) Sacred Heart, Pius VI’s support of cult, 25, Archof Pius VI, 44–5, 302 n. 21, fig. 17 72 Palazzo della Missione, papal apartment, 253–4, Sangermano, Giacomo (assistant to Carlo figs. 155–6 Marchionni), 100, 306 n. 79, 307 n. 3, and Pius VI (general), 10, 43–5, 69–70, 246–63 308 n. 16, 309 n. 25, 26, 31 0 n. 33, figs. 56, Rocca Abbaziale and papal apartment, 247–53, 59, 60 291, 320, figs. 149–54 Sanmartino, Giuseppe, Pius VI (Casamari), S. Andrea, rebuilt by Pius VI, 43, 254, 255, 49 figs. 157–8, 160; and Counter-Reformation Sanmichele, Michele, 284 models, 256–62; financing, 255–6; subsidiary Santi, Ciro, 94 altars, 259–62, fig. 159 Sartori, Carlo (papal jeweler), 60 seminary, 262–3, fig. 161 Senigallia (Marches), and Pius’s customs barrier, Subleyras, Giuseppe, project for Vatican Sacristy, 269–70, fig. 167 96–9

353

INDEX

tables donated to Vatican Library by Pius VI, 81, Dominican monastery, Terracina, 285–9, 182, 320 nn. 92, 99, 328 n. 42, figs. 41–2 figs. 182–5 tapestry, Pius VI’s interest in, 54–5, 60 friendship withPius VI, 271 Tasso, Torquato, depicted in Sala delle Muse, project for an archto Pius VI, 45–6, fig. 18 174 project for Palazzo Braschi, 233, 235, fig. 139 Tedeschi, Pietro, 274 project for piazza del Popolo, 219–20, Temple of Minerva Medica, as model for Sala figs. 128–9 Rotonda, 156 , fig. 94 project for Vatican Sacristy, 99–100, fig. 51 Terracina (Latium), general, 275–89 renovation of Duomo in Spoleto, 271–3, Borgo Pio, 283–9; Dogana, 284–5, fig. 181; figs. 169–70 Dominican monastery, 285–9, figs. 182–5; tables for Vatican Library, 81, 182, figs. 41–2 Granaione/Palazzo Camerale, 47, 284, work for Apostolic Chamber in Umbria and figs. 178–9; Porta Napoli, 284, fig. 180 the Marches, 273–5, fig. 171 cemetery, 280–1 Valadier, Luigi, 179, 271 Palazzo Braschi, 72, 276–9, 284, figs. 172–4 altar furnishings for Subiaco, 259 Pius’s annual visits, 32, 46, 276, figs. 19, 172 begins campanone, 73, 126–7, fig. 74 upper town, 276–83, figs. 175–6 Deser Braschi, 243–5, 291, figs. 147–8 Tiepolo, Domenico, 66, fig. 3 favoredbyPiusVI,72, 73–5 Tinti, Camillo, 36, 107, 31 0 n. 43, fig. 38 work for Museo Profano, 73–4, 165 Tolentino, Treaty of, 28, 60, 192 figs. 33–4 Toma, Girolamo, 117 Valadier workshop, 55, 60–2, 73–8, figs. 26, 32, 35, Trajan, Emperor, as model/inspiration for Pius 37 VI, 41, 46, 48, 49, 188, 202, 269, 294 Valentin de Boulogne, 187 Column of, 56, 201, 202 Vanvitelli, Luigi, 46, 100, 199, 236, 269, 286, Treia (Marches), 49, fig. 21 31 0 n. 40, 326 n. 4 Treu, Nicola, 70 Varlé, Gioacchino, fig. 22 Trevi (Umbria), S. Emiliano, 275, fig. 171 Vasi, Giuseppe, 62 Trippel, Alexander, 49 Vatican Basilica. See St. Peter’s triumphal arches associated with Pius VI, 37, Vatican mosaic studio, Pius’s patronage of, 55, 119, 43–7, 302 nn. 20–1, figs. 15–19 124–5, 129, 130–1 Turris, Francesco Maria, 68 Vatican Palace and Museums, general, 2–3, 4, typology, in papal apartments at Subiaco, 132–9, fig. 80 253–4 Atrio dei Quattro Cancelli, 152 , 153 , 154 , 163, 172, fig. 99 Unterperger, Cristoforo Camera dei Papiri, 137–8, 152 , fig. 81 copies Raphael’s Logge, 69, 71 Cortile Ottagono (delle Statue), 54, 135, 136, Martyrdom of Saint Andrew, Subiaco, 262 139, 142–8, 151 , 152 , 159 , 176–7, figs. 87–9; Martyrdrom of Saint Pontianus, Spoleto, 272 portico, 142–8, 149, 175, 176, 185, 294, 314 and mosaic clocks at St. Peter’s, 128 n. 24, figs. 87, 89, 109 Saints Crescentinus andMainardo , Urbino, 274 Gabinetto delle Maschere, 154 –5, 166, 179–81, and Vatican Library tables, 81, figs. 41–2 313 n. 9, 317 n. 54, fig. 105 work at Museo Pio-Clementino: in Cortile Galleria dei Candelabri, 152 , 153 , 154 , 160, 167, Ottagono, 185, fig. 109; in Galleria delle figs. 96, 101 Statue and adjoining rooms, 150 , 178–9, Galleria delle Statue, 140–2, 151 , 152 , 178–9, 182–6, 188, 263, 302 n. 15 , fig. 108; in Sala di 263, 302 n. 15 , 320 n. 103, figs. 42, 83, 84, 108 Giove, 150 , 314 n. 14, fig. 90; in Vestibolo Library, 81, 136–8, 151 , 152 , 155 , 163, 172, Quadrato, 177–8 figs. 41–2, 100 Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini), Pope, 46, 71, 84, Logge (Raphael), 68, 69, 174, 252 125, 126, 248–50, 263, 304 n. 45 Museo Ecclesiastico, 136 (see also Barberini family) Museo Pio-Clementino (see also specific rooms): Urbino (Marches), restoration of Duomo, 273–4 general, 139–92, 195, 215, 294, 296, figs. 91–2; access/circulation patterns, 151 –3, Valadier, Giuseppe, 77, 179, 225, 284, 327 n. 17, 172–7, 318 nn. 72–3; acquisition methods, 328 nn. 41–2 138–9, 149–50, 166–7; architecture, style and Castello Braschi, Nemi, 227 character of, 140–8, 155 –65, 179–81, fig. 39; clocks at St. Peter’s, 127–9, figs. 75–6 arrangement and display, 141–8, 171–81; completes campanone, 126–7, fig. 74 begun by Clement XIV (Museum et al., Dea Roma, 78, 182, 192, fig. 38 Clementinum), 139–51, 155 , figs. 81, 83, 87,

354

INDEX

89; catalogue by G. B. and E. Q. Visconti, Vici, Andrea, monument to Pius VI at Treia, 49, 142, 148, 151 , 169, 315 n. 33; and diplomatic fig. 21 visits, 53–4, figs. 23, 42 (see also Gustav III); Villa (Casino) Borghese, inspiration for Pius VI, expanded by Pius VI (Museum Pium), 179–81, fig. 106 151 –65, 173, 181–91, figs. 23, 38–42, 78–80, 84, Virgil, 174, 295 91–3, 95–9, 101–2, 104–5, 107–8; and Grand Visconti, Ennio Quirino, 50, 57, 325 n. 62 Tour/tourists, 132, 144, 145, 147–8, 159 , advisor/assistant/secretary to father G. B. 171–81; Pius’s responsibility for, 78–84, 134, Visconti, 39, 151 , 166, 182, 302 n. 16, 318 n. 139, 142, 148–53, 291, 314 n. 24; restoration 65 methods, 167–71; torchlight visits, 176–7 Ottave sul possesso, 38–9, 41, 182, 185, 292, Museo Profano, 73–4, 78, 137, 152 , 165, fig. 13 fig. 34 restoration philosophy, 169–71, 216 Museo Sacro (Museo Cristiano), 73–4, 136, 155 Visconti, Filippo Aurelio, 151 , 329 n. 3 Museum Clementinum. See above, Museo Visconti, Giovanni Battista (commissario alle Pio-Clementino: begun by Clement XIV antichita`) Museum Pium. See above, Museo designs possesso medals, 39, 41–2 Pio-Clementino: expanded by Pius VI directs papal museum, 38, 79, 148–51, 153 , 155 , Pinacoteca (of Pius VI), 134, 152 , 155 , 186–8, 291, fig. 40 297, figs. 110–11 oversees architecture/display, 142, 146, 158 , Sala degli Animali, 152 , 153 , 168–9, 170, 178, 173, 174–6, 178, 182, 318 n. 68 figs. 102–3 supervises acquisitions, 139, 154 , 166–7, Sala della Biga, 72, 152 , 153 , 154 , 157 , 163, 305 n. 65, 317 n. 57, 318 n. 75, 76 figs. 95, 99 Viterbo (Latium), Pius’s improvements in, 268, Sala dei Busti, 141, fig. 84 fig. 165 Sala di Giove, 141, 150 , 314 n. 14, fig. 90 Volpato, Giovanni, 68, 188, 190, 228, 302 n. 15 , Sala (Vestibolo) della Croce Greca, 152 , 154 , figs. 2, 113, 136 156 , 160, 161, 167, 168, 172–3, 179, views of Museo Pio-Clementino, 318 n. 69, figs. 93, 97, 107 326 n. 8, fig. 89 Sala delle Muse, 79, 81, 133, 152 , 153 –4, 156 , Volterra, Daniele da, 177 174–6, 189–91, 294, 320 n. 103, figs. 23, 40, 79, 104 Weber, Lorenzo, Pius VI on Horseback, 39, fig. 14 Sala Rotonda, 72, 78, 133, 152 , 153 , 154 , 156 , Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 139, 145, 147–8, 160–1, 173, 174, 177, 188, 190, 314 n. 17, 167, 172, 176, 189 figs. 39, 78 Wittel, Gaspar von, 62 Scala Simonetti, 152 , 154 , 161–3, 172, Wutky, Michael, Pius VI Supervising the figs. 97–8 Construction of the Museo Pio-Clementino, 78, Sistine Chapel, 132, 135, 152 , 172, 227, 318 n. 71 fig. 39 Stanza delle Stampe (destroyed), 134, 152 , 154 , 188–9, fig. 112 York, Cardinal Henry Benedict, Duke of Stanze (Raphael), 68, 152 , 176, 190–1, (archpriest of St. Peter’s), 291, 307 n. 9, 308 318 n. 71, fig. 113 n. 14, 309 n. 25 Vestibolo Quadrato, 151 , 152 , 177–8 Vestibolo Rotondo, 151 , 152 , 185, 318 n. 68 Zaccaria, Francesco, 42, 59, 201, 330 n. 11 Villa (Palazzetto) del Belvedere, 135, 139–41, Zelada, Cardinal Francesco Saviero de, 28, 139, 155 , 179–81, fig. 82 (see also Galleria delle 226, 265, 306 n. 76 Statue, Sala dei Busti, Sala di Giove, above) Zoffoli, Antonio, bust of Pius VI at Treia, 49, Vatican Sacristy. See St. Peter’s: sacristy fig. 21 Venice, Pius’s visit to, 52 Zucchi, Jacopo, works donated to S. Lorenzo via Appia, restored by Pius VI, 21, 47, 48 Nuovo, 266

355