At December, 1977

Home , Debutante, Debutante ball

4> I*

A HISTORY OF DEBUTANTE PRESENTATION

IN DALLAS, TEXAS, 1884-,1977

THESIS

Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of

MASTER OF ARTS

Melinda A. Lindley, B. A.

Denton, Texas December, 1977 Lindley, Melinda Ann, A History of Debutante Presen- tations inDallas exas 1884-7. Master of Arts

(History), December, 1977, pp. 104, 5 appendices, bibliography, 97 titles.

This study traces the history of debutante presentations in Dallas, Texas, from 1884 to 1976. Manuscript materials, organizational collections, interviews, and published sources were used to document and establish past and present information.

The problem is organized topically and treated in chronological order within each subject. The role of four bachelors' clubs, Idlewild, Terpsichorean, Calyx, and

Dervish, is emphasized and the influence of a business known as Party Service is considered.

The evidence gathered for this work suggests the following conclusions: that a complicated and lavish process has evolved, that the influence of heritage and family prominence has gradually eroded, that emphasis centers now on the recently financially successful families, and that despite these changes, the ritual of debutante presentations in Dallas remains strong. C 1977

MELINDA ANN LINDLEY

Chapter Page

I. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DEBUT ...... 0 1

II. ORIGIN OF THE DALLAS DEBUT . * . . . . * . * 12 III. THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TERPSICHOREAN CLUB . . . . * ...... * 32 IV. PARTY SERVICE ...... a...... 0. . 44

V. CALYX AND DERVISH INTRODUCE THE DEBUTANTES * . . 63

...... VI. CONCLUSION . * I . . . 70

APPENDICES...... 0 73

BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 98

iii LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page A. Idlewild Club Presidents 1884-1976 73 B. Terpsichorean Club Presidents 1898-1976 76 C. Calyx Club Presidents 1914-1976 78 D. Dervish Club Presidents 1928-1976 80 E. Idlewild Debutantes 1884-1976 82

iv CHAPTER I

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DEBUT

"For the purpose of general understanding the debut may be described as a device used by the elite for presenting

their young to the best of society," stated Martha Baird in a master's thesis on Dallas debutantes completed in 1932 at

Southern Methodist University; however, a complete understanding requires a more detailed definition.1 An examination of historical background, a comparison of current practices with other cities, a discussion of additional motivations, and an inspection of the Dallas system reveals a more complicated meaning for the term debut.

Although the format varied from culture to culture, the

"coming out" ritual existed in the earliest civilizations.

Ancient Babylonians displayed their marriageable daughters once a year at a central marketplace. One by one they auctioned them off, qualifying every transaction from the most beautiful to the less fortunate, with the requirement that each buyer guarantee marriage for his new possession.2

1Martha Baird, "The Debutantes A Sociblogical Study" (M. A. thesis, Southern Methodist University, 1932), p. 12. 2 "You Feel so Glowy," Newsweek, 24 November 1956, p. 66; Doris, Allen "Coming-out Parties Old Rite," Dallas Times Herald 14 February 1954, see. 4, p. 8.

I 2

Even though time modified the system considerably, the debut of sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe maintained a similar goal--presenting young ladies to selected suitors. During this time eligible young women presented themselves

"at court," before the royalty of England and France.3 When this tradition first appeared in the United States, however, state and county officials replaced the nobility at important social functions. By the late 1700's and early 1800's, parents assumed the responsibility of introducing their daughters, usually at a tea. After finishing her private tutoring, a young lady propbzly greeted only her parents' friends with a demure curtsy. Still later in the 1800's, the elaborate and formal debutante ball or cotillion joined and in many cases replaced all other party forms. Elegant balls overshadowed staid teas as the parents and clubs entertained with the young people in mind.4 Current presentations resemble modernized versions of their predecessors. Yet the purpose has changed slightly. Now the young ladies return after completing their education to debut before their own contemporaries and to make their own decisions about marriage.5

3Allen, "Coming-out Parties," Dallas Times Herald, 14 February 1954, sec. 4, p. 8; "No More Debutantes," Time, 25 November 1957, p. 36.

4 Allen, "Coming-out Parties" Dallas Times Herald, 14 February 1954, sec. 4, p. 8;,BirAd7EhTDeV U tantlb, p. 13. 5Allen, "Coming-out Parties," Dallas Times Herald, 14 February 1954, see. 4, p. 8. 3

Still every major city in the United States exhibits individuality within this general format. While comparing and contrasting Dallas with other places, a distinctive pattern emerges. In many of the large cities debutantes are introduced in mass at one large cotillion.6 In some instances these balls serve a dual purposes some are fund- raisers for charitable organizations, others support civic associations such as the opera in San Francisco.7 Dallas also utilizes collective presentations on a smaller scale, but an elite bachelors' club known as Idlewild introduces the young ladies.8

The qualifications for becoming a debutante vary from area to area. Although family background, tradition, and wealth share considerable influence everywhere, a well defined apprenticeship exists on the east coast.9 As a

6 "Life Goes To a Debut in San Francisco," j, 19 November 1945, pp. 141-142, "Coming Out Season,* Life 10 January 1949, p. 54; "Life Goes to a Cotillion for 99 New York Debutantes," Lifefl January 1945, pp. 93-94; "Party Season," Life, 6 January 1947, p. 68. Some of the cities utilizingthis mass introduction included. New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Baltimore, Charleston, South Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina, and Washington D. C. 7"Life Goes to a Debut," p. 140; "Coming out season," p. 54.

8 Stanley Walker, Texas (New York: Viking Press, 1962), p. 96. By 1976 the largest group presented in Dallas com- sisted of twenty-three debutantes. The yearly average is from ten to twelve. Some of the cities mentioned, New York in particular, has introduced as many as six hundred girls a year.

9 "Party Season," p. 70; Beth Day, "After This Party 4

basic prerequisite, the hopeful young lady attends acceptable private schools as well as approved dancing classes. Being involved in charity work is also traditional prow cedure and belonging to a particular organization either religious or spotts. oriented. may prove helpful. Then after careful screening, "sponsors" publish lists of acceptable debutante materials In Dallas, however, qualifications appear more flexible.

Certainly family background and wealth demand attention when reviewing possible debutantes, but the selection process involves several other things in Dallas. The Idlewild Club still maintains control over the procedure which it initiated in 1884.12 Despite other influences, the club considers primarily daughters, sisters, granddaughters, and

She'll Be Invited Everywhere," Saturday Evening Post, 3 December 1966, pp. 35-36.

1 0 Day, "After This Party," pp. 37-38; "Party Season," p. 70; "Debs," Newsweek, 24 December 1964, p. 54. The Saturday EveningPost defines the term sponsor as "a network o society editors, mothers of girls already listed and other sources of proven social reliability. The Saturday Evening Post also includes a reference to the Debutante Register which contains the names of prospective debutantes In publication form; however, no further information about the r is included. In Washington, D. C., a secret committee of matrons compose the sponsors, according to the 24 December 1964 issue of Newsweek, p. 54.

1 1Mabil Duke, "Debut in Texas," Scribner's Magazine, December 1938, p. 13. Duke explains that this interpre- tation is necessarily elastic in a "society whose earliest antecedents migrated to the territory in covered wagons, or occasionally, in advance of & posse and struck it rich in Longhorn cattle, Lone Star cotton, or better still, oil." 12Walker, Texas, p. 96. 5 nieces of its members as potential honorees. 1 3 A nominating committee, chaired by the president, discusses all recom- mendations. Unlike the eastern practice of presenting girls at age eighteen, Idlewild prefers that a girl have completed one or two years of college. 1 At the same time the club does not request previous involvement in charity work.15 if necessary, the committee consults additional sources concerning the nominees.16 Then in the spring preceding the fall

13"The Debutante Season," Dallas Times Herald Magazine, 22 January 1961, p. 8; Interview with Nelson Spencer, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976; Interview with Marge Neely, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976.

14"Debs, " p. 54. "Debutante Season," Dallas Times Herald Magazine, 22 January, 1961, p. 8. Interview with David Wynne, Dallas, Texas, 28 June 1977. Other sources have indicated that certain unwritten requirements exist. In Baird's 1932 study, she concludes that certain geigraph- ical locations, primarily Highland Park, Texas, provide desirable addresses for prospective debs. Also she relates that the girls are white, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestant. In addition, Hockaday School educates a majority of the young ladies in a private setting. Another point she illustrates is that the elite bachelors' clubs also follow this pattern. The October 1976 issue of D Magazine, pp. 68-70, corrobor- ates and expands on these unwritten requirements. David Wynne,the 1973 Terpsichorean president, emphasized all of these aspects, particularly the racist element that D Maga- tine cites. 15lnterview with Charles Pierce, Dallas, Texas, 13 July 1977. In regard to charity work, Charles "Chick? Pierce, the 1962 Idlewild president, explains that in 1962 or 1963 a committee proposed charity requirements; however, this idea never developed.

1 6When an insufficient number of names are given, the Idlewild committee must rely upon the other bachelors' club as a cource for nominations, usually in this order: Terpsi- chorean, Calyx, and Dervish. During the last fifteen years, a new influence entered the selection process. Ann Draper, 6

presentation, they interview each girl along with her family.1 7

Finally, Idlewild issues formal invitations to debut that

year. The club only requires that a girl attend four major

functions, the Idlewild, Terpsichorean, Calyx and Dervish

balls.1 Each debutante and her family determine the extent they will participate in the whole season. Once again differences and similarities appear when

examining the social season itself in each area.1 9 Various

factors define the season in each city. For instance, in

Dallas, the Idlewild Club traditionally inaugurates all

social events with its formal debutante presentation in late

October.2 0 Likewise, custom dictates that the Terpsichorean Club terminate the season at the end of January.21 Thus the owner of a business known as Party Service, provides much of the information concerning debutante selection. For more detail on this subject, see Chapter Four, "Party Service." 7 1 The general goal in the interviewing seems to be to determine the girl's interest or the probability of her accepting an invitation. 18 Interview with Robert Thompson, Dallas, Texas, 11 August 19?6. The whole idea of a bachelors' club both selecting the debutantes and controlling the social season is unique to Texas. 19The social season in Dallas revolves completely around the opening and closing presentations of the debutantes. Thus the season extends from late October to late January. 20 At one time it was considered a severe breech of etiquette to plan a party before Idlewild in October. This tradition still dominates the social calendar fairly strictly. "The Debutante Season," DallasTimes Herald Magazine, 22 January 1961,pp. 8,

2 1Ibid. The closing date for the Terpsichorean Ball 7

Dallas season appears much longer when compared to other places. Eastern cities generally synchronize their affairs

with both college vacations and the holidays of Thanksgiving

and Christmas.22 St. Louis supplements this schedule with

a "little season" in the summer.2 3 Because the season is well defined in Dallas, enthusiastic party-givers rush to

fill every weekend and many of the weekdays during this period.24Debutantes remaining in town for the season often receive invitations to three or four parties for each week- day. Frequently, weekend invitations total seven or eight parties.2 5

Coordinating debutante seasons with college vacations facilitates the problem of escorts. At many of the eastern varies according to when the president schedules it, but it now always occurs during January.

22 Day, "Party Season," p. 69.

23 "St. Louis Debs," Life, 12 August 1946, p. 99. 4Interviewwith Ann Draper, Dallas, Texas, 24 July 1976. Ann Draper serves as the official social secretary for Dallas society. She is the'"keeper of the calendar" and maintains the tradition of no parties on Mondays and- Thursdays. This allows everyone, particularly the debutantes, to rest. Sometimes, however, during the busiest parts of the season, this freedom is difficult to preserve.

2 5 lnterview with Janet DeSanders, Dallas, Texas, 9 August 1976; Interview with Clay Hunt, Dallas, Texas, 13 July 1977; Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977. If a girl decides to continue her education during her presentation year, she attends fewer functions, particularly if she is enrolled at an out-of-town school. If she remains in town, she accepts all invitations and attends all functions to avoid offending the hostesses. 8

cotillions, exclusive prep schools as well as ivy league colleges furnish the majority of the escorts. The gentlemen do not actually accompany their dates but rather they congregate in long stag lines at each ball.26 In Dallas, however, a business known as Party Service matches dates and assures not only the debutantes but all the young ladies on the invitation list that they will have an escort. Party

Service recruits and screens acceptable young bachelors, mostly members of the four clubs, to accompany the girls to

each party. Since club qualifications require that members be out of college, primarily young professionals comprise

the prospective date list.27 While differences are apparent in various cities' ideas about when and how long the season

should be and who provides the escorts, other aspects reveal

closely related motivations.

Without regard to the area of the United States, reasons

for making a debut share three common elements. First,

family tradition frequently influences decisions. "Coming

out" in Dallas has created a small "deb dynasty," stated

the Dallas Morning News. In some instances three generations

of mother to daughter to granddaughter legacies exist, 28

26"U.S. Debutantes," Fortune, December 1938, p. 52; Day, "After This Party," p. 38.

2 7 lnterview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976. Party Service is referred to in greater detail in Chapter Four.

2 8 "Dallas Society Today," Dallas Times Herald, 8 May 9

Similarly, other cities emphasize family customs. Several generations of old established eastern families support long lines of debutantes.2 9 Although not so obvious a second aspect materializes in addition to tradition. As Fortune magazine states, "the real reason-why was a husband hunt." 30 Many Dallasites agree with this description. A survey of escorts in 1932 revealed that the marriage objective was the "essence" of the debut.3 1

Charles Pierce, the 1962 Idlewild president, expressed a similar viewpoint.3 2 At the same time a former Dallas Mornng News society editor related that each year at least one debutante felt that this attention-getting provided her an opportunity to marry well.3 3 A gentleman on the east coast confided to the Saturday Evening Post, that "these parties are important to me because of the contacts I make. When I marry, it will be a girl with family and money behind her."

1966, sec. B p. 5. The Dallas Social Directory Advisory Committee. The Dallas Social Directory (1975-1976 ed.; Dallas: n. p., 1976), pp. 186-191,

29 "Dazzling Parties Introduce Debs" jLiteraryjDigest, 16 January 1937, pp. 21-22; "Debs;" p. 54; "Party Season," p. 71.

30"1U.S. Debutante," p. 52. 31Baird, "The Debutante," pp. 25-26.

3 2 Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977.

33 lnterview with Jeanne Prejeanne, Dallas Texas, 13 August 1976.

34 Day, "After This Party," p. 38. Although some persons 10

Despite opposing attitudes, a large segment of both observers and participants expressed similar opinions about this moti- vation.

Carrying the examination still further, a third element appears having a debutante daughter affirms a certain

social status for the whole family.3 5 Apparently, her debut demonstrates considerable financial success without displaying the fact in a newspaper advertisment.36 Some large corporations equate the debut with social acceptance; don- sequently, they encourage important executives to produce debutantes. Concerned firms often utilize public relations

departments to promote or to create an appropriteimage for both the girl and her family.3 7 Not only businesses but also individuals attach social significance to the debut. When lacking traditional old family connections, persons with recently acquired wealth will occasionally pursue a "debship" for their daughters.38

To understand better the Dallas debut, however, is to examine more closely the system, its components, and the disagree with the idea of a marriage market, most of the sources the author consulted agreed with this statement. 35Ibid., p. 35. 36Interview with Jeanne Prejeanne, 13 August 1976. 3 7Day, "After This Party," p. 36.

38 Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977; Interview 11

people. The first and essential element is the Idlewild Club. An analysis of' this organization will reveal some of the history supporting the Dallas debutante presentation tradition. with David Wynne, 28 June 1977; Interview with Jeanne Pre- jeanne, 13 August 1976. The author coined the term "debship" to describe the purchase of the privilege of being a debutante. This word also refers to a specific incident that David Wynne recounted. In at least one instance, a father actually purchased his daughter's "debship." Wynne believes that if a family has the money and the desire, it will not be turned down. He holds no quarrel with this practice, but contends that it should not be glossed over. One should not be pretentious over old family tradition where none exists. Jeanne Prejeanne pinpoints the change of emphasis from old Dallas families to those who could afford to belong to high society. She coordinated this change with Ann Draper's purchase of Party Service in 1963. Prejeanne further relates that in 1973 only one out of ten debs represeted old Dallas families. Midway through the season that family canceled the ball because they could not afford it. Prejeanne believes that the girl was included in the beginning only to maintain the image ef old Dallas traditions. CHAPTER II

ORIGIN OF THE DALLAS DEBUT

While the gas lights illuminated the auditorium in the

new Merchants Exchange building, a crowd of some two hundred

fifty guests eagerly participated in the ball sponsored by

the recently organized Idlewild Club, Ladies in their most elegant gowns and gentlemen in their finest suits waited

anxiously as the Meiner Brothers Orchestra played for the

special event. For on that evening of October 13, 1884, five young women were honored at the first debut ball in Dallas.1

With the precedent established and the tradition to continue, the Dallas debutante presentation became a reality.2

The idea of presenting young ladies at a proper "coming out" party originated with the formation of the Idlewild Club.3 While talking away a lazy summer afternoon in 1884, seven young men decided to form a social club. Paul Faust

The Dallas Social Directory Advisory Committee. Dallas Social The Director (1975-1976 ed.; Dallas, n. p., 197)t p. 186. The Social Directory lists the following for debutantes 1884, Minnie Miller, Philo Eagan, Adelia Slaughter, Minnie Slaughter, and Effie Rauch. 2 Minnie Miller, "Minnie Miller Scrapbook," vol. 10, undated handwritten reminicences, Miller Scrapbook Series, Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas, p. 2. Hereafter cited as Minnie Miller Reminicences. 3 John William Rogers, The Lusty Texan of Dallas (New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1960), pp. 325-26.

12 13

suggested the name Idlewild and the rest of the group promptly

elected him as the first president.4 Working with a limited membership, thirty-five bachelors determined that the best way to meet the young women recently returned from boarding school was to honor them at a dance. Therefore, the first Idlewild Ball was proposed for early fall.5

All aspects of the first debut ball were as formal as the time and surroundings allowed. Upon receiving their

invitations, the men and women customarily wrote their acceptances or regrets. Then the ladies notified their escorts of gown colors for the selection of coordinating corsages.6 Men hired horse-drawn hacks, often paying the extravagant price of $30 for the evening, to transport their dates properly.?

Debutantes appeared in elegant gowns of velvet and satin, embellished with crystal beading and accompanied by fashionable

Frank Cockrell, Dallas, Texas to Mrs. Freeman, Dallas, Texas, undated letter quoted in the 1924 Idlewild Ball Program, Idlewild Collection, Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas. Hereafter cited as Cockrell Letter. Three theories, none of which have been substantiated, exist concerning the origin of the name Idlewild. The Dallas Times Herald, 24 August 1975, see. D, p. 2, related that Paul Faust named the club after a famous Mississippi riverboat. Another theory suggested that the name came from "a pretty romance in which a magnificent ballroom in a fine home called the Idlewild Place was glowingly described." Still another insisted that they named the club after the flower edelweiss. 5 "Minnie Miller Reminicences,"p. 2. 6 "The Dallas Story," Dallas Times Herald, 28 August 1949, sec. 1, p. 2.

?"The First Idlewild Ball," DallasMornjng News, 7 October 1956, part 6, p. 2. 14

jewelry and fur evening wraps.8 The culminating event con- sisted of the Grand March around the auditorium led by

Idlewild president Paul Faust and his guest, Miss Mattie

Burford. By this procedure, the five honorees crossed the threshold into Dallas society at this first debutante ball.9

With the success of the initial Idlewild, the club continued, with few exceptions, their soirees in honor of the prominent young women in the community. Although available records do not include the names of the 1885 debutantes, the fall party of 1886 feted Minnie Alston and Carrie Griffiths.1 0

Again the bachelors entertained at the Merchants Exchange, but this time modern Edison incandescent electric lights brightened the hall for the guests. Describing the affair in flowery prose, the Dallas Morning News stated that the light "made the toilettes of the ladies glisten under its soft radiance in a hundred beautiful hues like rainbow robed cascades in Aiden."1 1 But, Idlewild went through a short period of instability after this event and no girls made their debut again until 1891.12

8'Minnie Miller Reminicences," p. 1; Stanley, Walker, Dallas Story, Dallas Times Herald, vol. 2; p. 151. 9 "Idlewild Ball," Dallas Morning News, part 6, p. 2. For a complete list of Idlewild presidents refer to Appendix A, p. 73.

Cockrell Letter, Idlewild Ball Program, 1924. Dallas Morning News, 29 October 1886.

2DallasTimes Herald, 27 October 1946, part 3, p. 1. This and other records have corroborated the fact that the 15

During the 1890's Idlewild gained new strength and its growing status emphasized the importance of the debut in Dallas. As a result, in 1092 the bachelors' club officially introduced twenty-three young women, the largest group ever presented.1 3 Each year everyone eagerly anticipated the fall ball, anxiously wondering who would receive invitations from the social club. In addition not only were the bids from Idlewild becoming more prestigious, but the parties themselves were increasingly elaborate. By 1898 the men entertained at Turners Hall, using an ornate patriotic theme typical of the Spanish-American War fever. Beau Monde, a local society magazine, described the scene as a "bower of

Pompadourian color and delicate odor, dashed by the radiant stripes of Old Glory and gorgeous blooms of the American

Beauty,"14 Furthermore in 1899 Beau Monde stated that the

Idlewild Ball signaled the beginning of the social season not

1888 ball was held by the Bachelor's Club. It is generally believed that the Idlewild Club and the Bachelor's Club maintained identical memberships. 13 Social Directory, p. 186. The following names are listed as i892 debutantess Miss Aiken, Birdie Alexander, Corrine Angel, Julia Baker, Nottia Baldwin, Miss Belo, Ruth Borne, Mary Carnes, Jennie Dargan, Agatha Davis, Dora Fresenius, Maude Howell, Gertie Jenkins, Annie Leake, Louise Lee, Alves Norwood, Eula Randle, Marie Reekes, Emma Rowley, Margaret Smith, Edna Spear, Maude Tabor, and Francesca Trezevant. As of 1976, this record number for one season has not been surpassed. For a complete listing of Idlewild Debutantes refer to Appendix E, p. 82. 14"Idlewild's Fifteenth State Ball," Beau Monde, 8 October 1898, p. 3. 16 just in Dallas but throughout the state.1 5 With its social status secure, the bachelors reviewed their progress, dis- covering not only prestige but also much tradition.

Although the Idlewild Club was less than twenty years old, it had already established many traditions. The debut was now synonomous with the club. Members decided which prominent young women would receive invitations for official introduction into Dallas society. At the same time, girls desiring to be debutantes discreetly let their wishes be known. Generally, this practice worked well and the young women were not disappointed.16 In addition, the custom of formally presenting them at an October ball was standardized. Serving a sumptuous midnight dinner was also included in the festivities. Similarly, the practice of parading around the room in a Grand March continued. The president of Idlewild lead the procession with his date, followed by the other debutantes and their member escorts.17 All of these things combined to fulfill the club's purpose of honoring the young women and to establish precedents to be followed by the next generation.

1 5 "Idlewild's Sixteenth Annual Reception," Beau Monde, 6, October 1899, p. 2.

16 Interviewwith James T. Elliott, Dallas, Texas, 27 June 1977; Interview with Mrs. John Pew, Dallas, Texas, 25 June 1977. t 7 Evelyn Miller Crowell, "Minnie Miller Scrapbook,"vol, 10, undated, typed manuscript, Miller Scrapbook Series Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas p. 2; Hereafter cited as Evelyn Miller Crowell Manuscript. Beau Monde, 8 October 1898, p. 5. 17

During the first two decades of the 1900's, Idlewild expanded its membership, partied in more exotic settings, developed new traditions, and participated in a war. Although the size of the club increased from approximately thirty-five to sixty, none of the eliteness disappeared.1 8 Still the prominent young bachelors, many second generation or related

in some way, received invitations to join the group.1 9 This now group proved both innovative as well as respectful of the club's history.

The 1911 Idlewild Ball utilized a new theme duplicating an Italian villa of Carrara marble. The Dallas Morning News reported that "the woodwork of the entire room was concealed with marble veneer," Elaborate floral arrangements, marble benches, and a background setting of the River Arno completed the romantic scene.20

In 1912 the club originated a new custom known as a formal court presentation. In that year debutantes appeared against a southern colonial mansion background. Individually

they walked before the guests as the master of ceremonies

interview with John G. Pew, Dallas, Texas, 25 June 197?. Idlewild records are virtually nonexistent, therefore, this is an educated guest by Pew.

19Interview with Blair G. Mercer, Dallas, Texas, 23 June 1977. A close examination of the rosters of members and lists of past presidents indicates that father-son legacies as well as connections of brothers, nephews, and other close relatives compose the majority of the club's membership.

2 0 "Fifteen Debutantes at Idlewild," Dallas Morning News, 11 November 1911, p. 6. 18

announced them "like actresses." Many doubted the propriety of displaying the belles of Dallas society in such a manner; however, the idea quickly assumed a place of honor among the other traditions.2 1 Then World War I interrupted the bachelors' galas from 1915 to 1919. But the distraction of war only delayed, not destroyed the Idlewild traditions. Once 2 2 again, in 1919, fourteen young ladies bowed before society. While resuming club activities after the war, the young bachelors proceeded through the next two decades, expanding their parties and setting new precedents. During the 1920's the fall ball increased in size to accomodate between four hundred and five hundred guests. Occasionally guests traveled to foreign larids through imaginative settings such as an Egyptian temple.2 3 In 1927 Idlewild again used an Italian theme as they converted the Crystal Ballroom at the Baker Hotel into a magnificent palace. Huge garlands of real fruit complimented long panels of gold cloth, displaying a Della Robbian decorative theme.24 Magnificent formal gardens also formed the background for many of the presentations.2 5 By this time Idlewild

21Evelyn Miller Crowell Manuscript, p. 3.

22 SocialDirectory, p. 187.

2 3 "Seven Debutantes Bow to Society," Dallas Morning News, 20 November 1920, p. 6. 4 2 "Sixteen Debutantes Make Bow to Society," Dallas Morning News, 5 November 1927, p. 8. 2 5Evelyn Miller Crowell Manuscript, p. 4. 19

operated on a budget from $5,000 to $6,000, and included a

president's dinner as a pre-party honor for the debutantes and

their escorts.26 With little attention to the depression

affecting the country, the club honored from a minimum of

eleven to a maximum of fourteen young women each year, from

1931 through 1936.2? Indeed nothing interfered with esta-

blishing new precedents. In 1932 each debutante received a hand-painted miniature of themselves on an ivory oval.2 8

Similarly, in 1933, Idlewild's fiftieth anniversary was un-

marred by the poor financial condition of the nation. As

the depression eased, the club again presented a record number of nineteen young ladies in 1939,29 Reportedly, the

entire orchid supply for the area was exhausted for the occasion.30

The decade of the 1940's, however, proved less exhil-

arating. Again the nation faced a major war and as a result

the club curtailed activities. Debutantes bowed in scenes with patriotic themes from 1940 through 1942. But the club

suspended all presentations for the next two years, thus ending the first era of debuts in Dallas.31

6 2 Interview with James T. Elliott, 27 June 1977. 7Social Direcoryp. 189.

28 Interview with James T. Elliott, 27 June 1977. 29 $ocial Directory, p. 189. 30 Evelyn Miller Crowell Manuscript, p. 4; Dallas Times Herald, 27 October 1946, part 3 p. 1. 31 Ibid.; Social Directory, p. 189. 20

After World War II, Idlewild resumed club activities, with more structure and elegance than before. Budgeting $13,000 to $14,000 for the annual party, the club presented twelve debutantes in 1946 and seven in 1947.32 A new party planning business known as Sally Dunlop's Personal Service assisted the club with preparations for the fall ball; however, president Mitch Gray Gilbert controlled the debutante selection.3 3

Gilbert related that he interviewed all prospects on the Idle- wild list personally. The club committee then made the final decisions and issued bids for the fall presentation. At that time most of the girls were older and they had already completed their educations.) The club issued fewer invitations then than it does now, and most girls accepted their bids.3 5

The club continued many olA traditions and formalized some new ones. The Idlewild president continued his dinner honoring the debutantes before the presentation. Skits and toasts provided entertainment for the honored guests. The midnight dinner also remained a formal part of the annual

3 2SocialDirctor, p. 189; Interview with Mitch Gray Gilbert, Dallas, Texas, 11 August 1976. 33 lnterview with Mitch Gray Gilbert, 11 August 1976. Chapter four of this thesis explains in detail Sally Dunlop's business.

3 tIbid.

35 Ibid.; Interview with Marge Neely, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976. Mrs. Neely stated that the invitations were more valued then than they are now because fewer were issued. 21

ball. Debutantes received miniatures of themselves in their Idlewild ball gowns. In addition the full curtsy and the Grand March around the ballroom culminated the presentation as in the past. 3 6

During the 1950's Idlewild again sustained old traditions while increasing in size and ornateness. In 1957 an estimated

one thousand guests attended the seventieth annual presen-

tation. Immediate past president Edward Reed announced each

debutante as she appeared against a moonlight fairytale setting. Each girl walked through an imaginary forest, sil- houetted by created moonlight as she bowed before society.3? By that time each girl dressed in white for the occasion, a tradition that has not been broken since 1946.38 The Grand

March and the escort waltz were just a few of the Idlewild traditions also followed during that decade,3 9

36 Ibid.; When the full curtsy actually began could not be determined from available evidence; however, the Dallas Morning News, 20 September 1966, sec. C, p. 1, reported that three former debutantes did not perform full court bows. Mmes., Fontaine Alexander, W. B. Newsome, and Stewart Sunkins all debuted before 1937, so the ritual began some time between then and 1946.

37 Ann Draper, "Eight Young Dallas Women are Presented at Idlewild," Dallas Morning News, 2 November 1957, part 3, p. 1.

By 1956 the newspapers referred to the white gown as tradition. Interviews as well as newspaper accounts from 1946 until 1956 recorded only one gown that was not white. Since that time the tradition of a whiteaooff white gwn has continued. In addition the Idlewild gown is traditionally worn once more for the girls' debut ball. 3 9 Draper, "Fight Young Dallas Women," Dallas News, 2 November 1957, part 3, P. 10 Morning 22

In 1960 Idlewild president John Richard Royall presented five young ladies in a beautiful Arabian Nights

setting.40 Operating on a budget of approximately $20,000 for the evening, Peter Wolf, a well known decorator, utilized

a starlight background with brilliant bits of color to drama-

tize the scene. Gilded cages containing brightly colored

birds and a "magic carpet" for the debutantes to descend

completed the elaborate stage. Once again they followed the basic Idlewild traditions.4 1

By 1961, this club with its long preserved traditions

and prominent position: in Dallas society attracted the

attention of a national television network. The National

Broadcasting Company approached club president Charles Pierce

and Mrs. Lanier Voss, owner of Party Service, about including

Dallas in a documentary on debuts in the United States.42

Mrs. Voss agreed to help but some Idlewild members expressed mixed feelings, Pierce explained.4 3

4oIbid.; Idlewild Past President's Roster, Idlewild Ball Program 1974-, Dallas, Texas. Social Direct p. 190. 4 lDraper, "Eight Young Dallas Women," Dallas Morning News, 2 November 1957 part 3, p. 1. Interview with John Richard Royall, Dallas, Texas, 12 August 1976. 42Tnterview with Charles Pierce Dallas, Texas, 13 July 1977; Interview with Lanier Voss, Dallas, Texas, 21 June 1977. Pierce explained that National Broadcasting Company contacted several clubs and organizations throughout the United States that totally rejected the idea of national publicity surrounding their debutante presentations. Atlanta, St. Louis, Philadelphia, and San Francisco all allowed national coverage to some extent in the documentary. 4 3Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977. 23

After discussing the possibility with members and parents of the debutantes, Pierce revealed that many objected. Fearing an expose, they shunned any publicity that might dwell on sensationalism. Yet a few spoke in favor of the documentary. Joe Lubben, an executive at the Dallas Morning News, strongly supported the idea. His daughter, Patricia,

would be a debutante that year, and, as a former National Broadcasting Company employee, he believed Dallas would receive fair treatment. Pierce explained that he was young and possibly naive and also defended the proposal. Strong

opponents, however, insisted that older past presidents would definitely object to any outside exposure. Consequently, as a compromise, Pierce called several past presidents and in- quired about their feelings. When they voiced no objections, he approved the filming by the National Broadcasting Company, with a few restrictions,44

After his initial consent, Pierce revealed he felt a tremendous amount of pressure. If anything went wrong he would be held responsible. But Pierce stated, "If anything turned

out badly it was because of people like me and others around the country who were so afraid that something unfavorable was going to come out." He continued, ". . . it turned out dull. We squeezed all the life out of It:"45

44 Ibid.; Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977. 45Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977, One of several restrictions Idlewild placed on the network was the filming location. The club allowed cameras only at the dress rehearsal, not at the actual presentation.46 Another qualification was the right of censorship. Idlewild maintained final approval on everything about Dallas. Speci- fically, Pierce revealed that they would not allow any im- plication that "girls were doing this so they aould meet some wealthy boy to marry." Interestingly, Pierce explained that the idea of a marriage-market never surfaced in any of the

other cities included in the documentary either.4

When the National Broadcasting Company completed the film, the Dallas segment of seven to eight minutes was the longest feature of any of the cities. In addition to the rehearsal presentation, the documentary spotlighted Patricia

Lubben and her family. On the day of the presentation, the

National Broadcasting Company filmed at the Lubben home, cap- turing all the excitement and elaborate preparations preceding

the evening debut. After the program aired late the next spring, Pierce recalled no negative comments; however, a few years later when WFAA-TV in Dallas proposed a local documentary

4 6 Pierce could not recall exactly, but he felt that in addition to the general opposition to the whole idea, cumber- some camera equipment would have interfered with guests enjoying the actual presentation.

4 7Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977. 4 8Ibid.; Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977. 25

on Dallas, they encountered tremendous opposition.49 Since that time Idlewild has sanctioned nothing more than local newspaper publicity.

From 1965 through 1976, Idlewild confronted some new problems. During the period of student protests and the

Viet Nam War, the club experienced the general unpopular atti-

tude directed toward the Establishment. Club presidents also encountered a strong new outside force--Party Service.50 Yet throughout this difficult period, Idlewild traditions changed little.

In 1967 Nelson Spencer presided over the Idlewild selection and presentation of debutantes.5 1 He estimated

that expenses for the one-evexitg affair had escalated to approximately $30,000. Concerned that everything would proceed correctly, Spencer controlled much of the planning personally.5 2

4 ,Interview with Charles, Pierce, 13 July 1977. Pierce revealed that he was a member of the committee to study a local documentary proposal. Again he favored the idea, however, the opposition was very vocal as well as decisive this time.

50 Most past presidents who were willing to express an opinion said that Ann Draper had as much influence as each president allowed. Some of the younger presidents simply accepted it as part of her job as owner of Party Serttee. 51Idlewild Past Presidents Roster, Idlewild Ball Program,1975-76, Dallas, Texas.

5 2 Interview with Nelson Spencer, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976. 26

Beginning early in the spring, Spencer and his officers gathered names of prospective debutantes from sources such as honorary and active members, friends of the club, and Ann

Draper, owner of Party Service.5 3 After careful study and personal visits with the girls and their families, Spencer issued the invitations to debut in the fall. Hopefully, he explained, by July 1 all selections had been finalized.5 4

Besides debutante selection, the Idlewild president also determined the annual ball theme. Again Spencer personally conducted this aspect of the preparations. In fact, for the first time in the club's history, a president completely designed the setting for the ball.5 5 With his architectural background, Spencer planned a totally abstract and contemporary decor. He purposefully designed something

"so that the center of attention was on the girls and not on

5 3 Tbid.; Interview with Hugo Scheellkopf, Dallas, Texas, 5 August 1976; Interview with John Alexander, Dallas, Texas, 11 August 1976. Honorary members are the inactive married members of the club. Spencer explained that Mrs. Draper was very helpful in selecting debutantes. Because of her business she possessed considerable knowledge about eligible young women.

54 Spencer stated that the method of delivering debut invitations was the president's prerogative. In 1962, the year his sister debuted, the girls received their invitations from an officer on horseback. He chose to deliver them personally with a small gift of flowers. In addition Spencer related that girls made their debuts "in package deals." If one decided she would debut, all of her close friends would also accept; however, the opposite also occurred.

5 5 lnterview with Nelson Spencer, 3 August 1976; Val Imm, "Nine Debutantes Bow at 80th Idlewild Ball," Dallas Times Herald, 29 October 1967, sec. D, p. 1. 27

the set," Spencer explained. In a period of change and instability in the outside world, he felt an antebellum mansion or a French or Italian theme was inappropriate.5 6

From 1968 to 1971, twenty-fIve girls accepted invitations from Idlewild to debut; however, in many cases the presidents and their committees worked diligently to persuade them.57 John Alexander, president in 1968, related that the parents influenced the girls' decisions tremendously. He explained that although approximately 50 percent of the debutantes during his presidency really expressed an interest, many of the other debutantes at that time bowed because their parents made the decision.5 8 The 1970 president, Hugo Schoellkopf, agreed with Alexander. Both presidents relied on outside sources such as Ann Draper, owner of Party Service, to direct them toward girls that were interested in making a debut. He explained that outside influences on college-age people placed a stigma on society. Making a debut while the

Viet Nam War continued and the drug culture gained strength, was not acceptable to many of the young people. Schoellkopf

56Interview with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1976. Spencer revealed that being Idlewild president was really a fulltime job for five or six months.

5 7 lnterview with John Alexander, 11 August 1976; Interview with Hugo Schoellkopf, 5 August 1976, Interview with Angus Wynne, Dallas, Texas, 14 September 1976,

58 Interview with John Alexander, 11 August 1976. 28

revealed that convincing- a girl to debut required as many as four or five visits, plus the influence of their families.59

Yet both Alexander and Schoellkopf successfully re-

cruited an acceptable group of debutantes and presented them # 6o in elaborate settings. Approximately one thousand guests attended Alexander's ball where, breaking tradition, he intro-

duced the girls at 930 instead of 1000.61 Formal gardens filled with greenery and white flowers provided the background for his debutantes.62 Pete Harris, of Flower Fashions, also

designed the 1970 Schoellkopf settings using the same garden theme.6 3

By 1972 the problem of animosity against the debut

dwindled if not disappeared. George Underwood, club presi-

dent that year, introduced ten young women using his concept of the traditional Idlewild Ball. Again he recognized the

formal garden theme as synonymous with Idlewild, so he included

5 %Interview with Hugo Schoellkopf, 5 August 1976. Social Directory, p. 191. The Social Directory listed eight debutantes for 1968, five in 1969, and twelve in 1970. Most of these girls had already completed their education.

6 Wal Imm, "In Garden Scene at Idlewild Ball," Dallas MorningNews, 27 October 1968, sec. E, p. 1. 62Ibid.; Interview with John Alexander, 11 August 1976. 631bid. 64 Social Directory, p. 191; Interview with George Underwood III, Dallas, Texas, 3 August 1976. Underwood did not reveal Party Service as one of his sources for debutante prospects. 29

"lots of green plants . . . fresh cut flowers, and lots of

white lattice work." Five months of planning plus the expert advice of Pete Harris produced the effect of a beautiful

summer evening inside despite the uncertain October weather

outside. Under the watchful eyes of Pinkerton detectives

hired to protect against jewelry thieves, some eleven hundred guests attended the ball.65

The presidential dinner preceding the presentation had also increased in size. Underwood estimated that 95 percent

of the active membership received invitations. The number of debutantes and their guests plus honorary members frequently

increased the attendance to approximately three hundred

persons.66 But the dinner served a good purpose, he explained. The debutantes performed skits and proposed toasts so "by the

time they get out there to make their bow," Underwood stated, "they have been through so much that it is no big deal", 6

Underwood reported that, taking young girls in the trans-

itional period between childhood and the threshold of becoming

responsible young women is the essence of the debut.6 8 Not only

65Interview with George Underwood 111, 3 August 1976; Bill Leader, "Debs Get Gem-thief Protection," Dallas Times Herald, 19 April 1972, see. AAA, p. 4. 66 Interview with George Underwood III, 3 August 1976. When the presidential dinner originated only the debutantes, their escorts and parents, and club officers were included. 67Ibid.

68 Ibid.; "Young Bachelor's Continue Club Traditions," Dallas Times Herald, 6 August 1972, sec. K, p. 1. 30

selected young women but young people in general benefit

from the social season, he contends, "I think the reason

for the whole thifhg is to catch the young people as they

are growing up and to give them some leadership qualities

and put them in an environment where they all get to know each other." 6 9

Recent club presidents, Robert Thompson, 1975, and Blair

Mercer, 1976, expressed similar opinions that the girls are

exposed to important members of the community and develop a

great deal of poise and maturity they will need as respons-

ible citizens. 70 Both men also agreed that Idlewild has changed very few of its traditions throughout the years. 71

The selection of the debutantes continues much as it did before, perhaps more standardized and more susceptible to outside influence. Club committees accept outside suggestions and, depending on the particular president, Ann

Draper exerts a considerable amount of control over the process.?2 Mercer reported that "she's just in a position

69Interview with George Underwood III, 3 August 1976. 7 QInterview with Blair Mercer, Dallas, Texas, 24 June 1977; Interview with Robert Thompson, Dallas, Texas, 11 August 1976.

71Ibid. 72 "Party Power," D Magazine, October 1976, p. 68; Inter- view with John Richard Royall, 12 August 1976, Interview with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1976; Interview with Blair Mercer, 24 June 1977; Interview with David Wynne, 28 June 1977. 31

that she has it. It's just a part of her business. Some people are offended by it but it just comes along with her job."

Still Idlewild presents debutantes annually at its fall ball. Each girl appears in a carefully selected white gown, carrying flowers chosen by the president, and performs a full court bow before the elite of Dallas society. Next the president leads the Grand March of the debutantes around the room. Eventually the evening of dancing culminates with a customary midnight meal and the presentation of the miniature of each girl.7k At this point Idlewild has officially launched the Dallas social season!

Just as the season is opened by a prestigious club, at the same time another club determines its close. Origin- ating with a background similar to Idlewild's, the Terpsichorean

Club also progressed to an honored position in Dallas society.

i nterview with Blair Mercer, 24 June 1977.

74 Ibid.o; Interview with Robert Thompson, 11 August 1976. Traditionally the Idlewild president leads the Grand March with the debutante who has the strongest family connections with the club. The rett of the debutantes are escorted by officers or new members in alphabetical order. CHAPTER III

THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TERPSICHOREAN CLUB

Although Idlewild originated the debutante presentations

in Dallas, it did not maintain a monopoly for long. By 1898 Another group competed for the young ladies' attention.t

Interested in learning to dance, a group of east Dallas bachelors organized a new club. Al Buford, one of the co-

founders proposed the name of Terpsichore after the Greek

Muse of dancing and choral song.2 Liking the name, the first president, Mitch Gray, awarded Buford free club dues for his 3 excellent suggestion. Then the group concentrated on their major task--learning to dance.

With plenty of practice and a few dollars in the

treasury, Terpsichorean held its first parties. Securing

the varnish, the members polished the floor of the servants

Stanley Walker, Texas (New York: Viking Press, 1960), p. 96-97. 2 Frank M. Gray, personal letter, Dallas, Texas, 8 August 1976. "Origin of Terpsichorean Club" Dallas Times Herald, 29 January 1973, sec. C, p. 1. The Dallas Times Herald listed the following names as charter members of Terpsichorean; DeWitt Bennett, Al Buford, Frank Gray, Hugh Harry, Ben Haughton, Julien Mitchell, Lilo Munger, Steve Munger, Albert C. Murray, T. V. Murray, Jr., Edgar Padgitt, Roy Patterson, Mabry Seay, Fred Williams, Harry D. Williams, Leslie Williams. 3 Stanley Walker, "Dallas Story," Dallas Times Herald, 28 August 1948, vol. 2, p. 151. For a complete list of Terpsichorean presidents see Appendix B, p. 76.

32 33

quarters at the Mitch Gray residence and practiced dancing

by rotating the lead from one to another. Quickly they

decided music and a teacher were necessary to improve their

skills, After renting a piano and storing it at the S. S.

Kirk's, they persuaded the Kirk daughters and Maggie Sterett to oversee their dancing lessons.4 With sufficient practice they gained confidence and soon sponsored a series of impromptu dances.

Generally these early parties reflected simplicity and

spontaneity. Whenever the club treasury contained a few

dollars, they would have a dance.5 Only members attended

and at first their favorite type of party was the German.6 Even though the club used Phoenix Hall and Turner Hall, they

did not decorate lavishly for these early dances. 7 Occasionally

they would travel on the interurban trolley to the pavilion

Dorothy Hyde, "Terpsichorean: Early Affairs Recalled as Fiftieth Ball Approaches," Dallas Morning News, 11 January 1948, sec. 1, p. 7; Lorene Myers "Second Introduction Given Is Debutantes at Terpsichorean Club's Ball," 12 November 1932, sec. 1, p. 6. 5 Frank Gray to author, 8 August 1976; Hyde, "Terpsiehorean; Early A:ffairs," Dallas Morning News, sec. 1, p. 7. Myers,"Second6 Introduction," Dallas Mor nir p. 6; News, sec. 1. The Dallas Guide and Historr, Dallas Unit of Texas Writer's Project of the Works Project Administration, American Guide Series, no. 3. (Dallas, Texas: Works Project stration, Admini- 1940) p. 16. The Dllas Guide and Histo defines a German as a "capriciously involved pattern Ef dance steps called by a leader, intermingled with waltzes." 7Myers, "Second Introduction," Dallas Morning sec. 1, p. News, 61 Hyde, "Terpsichorean; Early Affairs,"sec, t p. 7; Frank Gray to author, 8 August 1976. 34

at Handley, Texas, and dance until late in the evening.8

Although the Terpsichorean Club entertained formally at an

annual ball, the original purpose continued--to dance and have a good time, 9

A decade passed before the club membership assumed a

role in presenting the debutantes to Dallas society. In

1910 they honored their first group of young ladies. Respect-

ing the established Idlewild tradition, Terpsichorean introduced

the same debutantes.10 The magnificent ballroom of the Park Hotel served as the setting for this initial presentation

one week after Idlewild. The honorees carried huge bouquets

of roses as they received their introductions and then they

paraded around the room in a Grand March.1 1 Although the

procedure resembled the Idlewild Ball, the celebration ac-

quired a certain freshness with the younger club. With a

8 Margaret Milam, "It All started in Servant Room" Dallas Morning News, 9 January 1938, sec. 3, p. 1; Walker, "Dallas Story," vol. 2, p. 151. 9Hyde, "Terpsichorean; Early Affairs," Dallas Mornin News, sec. 1, p. 7.

10 Walker, Texas, p. 96.

11 Milam, "It All Started in Servant Room," Dallas Morning News, see. 3, p. 1; Sara Tyler, "Dallas Deb Season," Dallas Times Herald Magazine, 22 January 1961, p. 81 Inter- view with James Elliott, Dallas, Texas, 27 June 1977, Elliott explained some of the reasons for planning the parties so close together. Both clubs cold hire the same band at a substantially lower price since the band did not have double traveling expenses. Also, before transportation improved, it was easier for out-of-town guests to remain instead of returning at a later date. 35

new precedent to follow, the Terpsichorean Club entered a new

era. Changes would be made and new traditions would be established.

Before their twenty-fifth anniversary in 1923, the membership emphasized fully the debut as the new function of the club, The formal ball honoring the girls received maximum attention while other parties decreased and finally disappeared. 12 By this time the budget of approximately

$3,000 to $4,000 funded only one party instead of several;

therefore, the annual event increased in elegance and size.1 3

Since World War I overshadowed the ball of 1915, an elaborate patriotic theme formed the background at the Adolphus Hotel.14 With the exception of 1917 and 1918, the presentations 1 5 gained momentum. Midnight dinners, party

favors, and fourteen-piece orchestras played an integral part in all the gala occasions.16 By 1922 the Terpsichorean

Interview with John Pew, Dallas, Texas, 15 June 1977; Dallas Morn ng News, 4 November 1916, recall p. 7. Pew could not exactly when Terpsichorean eliminated all other parties; however, he stated that by 1926 only the annual presentation party existed.

13 lnterview with John Pew, 25 June 1977; Interview with James Elliott, 27 June 1977. 14Margaret Milam, "Formal Terpsichorean Club Ball Will Be Held Friday," Dallas Morning News, 5 January 1, p. 10. 1939, sec.

1945. 15dlewild did not select debutantes from 1942 through 1945 6 l Dallas Morning News, 4 November 1916, p. 7; "Seven Debutantes Bow to Society," Dallas Morning News, 6 November 1920, p. 18. 36

Club transformed the Adolphus Ballroom into a scene from an

Arabian Nights palace. According to the seventy-fifth anniversary script, "every bachelor became a Sheik and every debutante a Sheba" as they danced the Charleston until dawn.1 7

Briefly interrupting tradition, the club sponsored the 1925 ball two weeks after the Idlewild presentation. Still an estimated five hundred socially prominent Dallasites and other invited guests attended the important affair.1 8

Despite the financial depression affecting the nation,

Dallas society and the Terpsichorean Club continued with some caution but little reserve. Indeed, the presentation of 1931 equaled and possibly surpassed the preceding extravaganzas.

With all debts paid, the club again entertained at the Adolphus

Hotel in a modernistic setting, utilizing indirect lighting for the first time, Special effects included a mechanical tree with mobile branches. Each debutante magically appeared as the leaves opened and closed.1 9

Then in 1934 the elegant celebration continued but with a significant change in the club's tradition. Directors

1 7 Terpsichorean Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Ball, Type- script, David Wynne Papers, in possession of David Wynne, Dallas, Texas, p. 12.

18Johnnie Ransome, "Terpsichorean Club to Give Annual Ball Friday Night," Dallas Morning Ne 15 November 1925, sec. 5, p. 1. 19Ibid.; Milam, "Formal Terpsichorean Club Ball," Dallas4MorningNews, 5 January 1939, sec. 1, p. 10; Terpsi- chorean Anniversary Script, p. 13. 37 changed the date for the annual ball from November to January, since the customary fall party following one week after

Idlewild proved too exhausting for the overlapping memberships.20 As a result, the clubs mutually agreed that Idlewild would open the social season and Terpsichorean would officially close the season.21

As the grand finale two years later, president John

Louis Shook selected modern blue radios as the general favor and initiated the tradition of presenting skits at the president's dinner.22 While the 1938 members entertained lavishly in a modern setting, in 1939 theykreproduced an elegant

Viennese ballroom setting.23 Club favors for 1938 were ex- quisite silver and enamel vanity cases for all the ladies attending and Persian perfume to the debutantes.2 4

20 The overlapping membership of Idlewild and Terpsichorean is apparent after comparing past and present membership rosters. Also the list of past presidents exhibits the-eressover.

21Lorene Myers, "Terpsichorean Club Launching Its Plans For Ball in January," Dallas Morning News, 25 November 1943, sec. 3, p. 1; Interview with James Elliott, 27 June 1977; Tyler, "Dallas Deb Season," Dallas Times HeraldMagazine, 22 January 1961, p. 8.

2 2 Milam, "Formal Terpsichorean Club Ball," Dallas Morning News, 5 January 1939, sec, 1, p. 10; Terp TEFErean Anniversary Script, p. 14, Tep korean Ball Program, 194- JIL (Dallast n. p., R. d.). 2 3Minnie Miller, Minnie Miller Scrapbook, vol, 10, undated, unnumbered clippings, Miller Scrapbook Series, Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas; Milam, "Formal Terpsichorean Club Ball," Dallas Morning News, 5 January 1939, sec. 1, p. 10. By this timeTerpsichorean operated on a budget of approximately $8,000 to $10,000.

24 Mary Carter Toomey, "Terpsichorean Club Presents 38

Although World War II interrupted their celebrations, the club members greeted and dismissed the 1940's with elegance and tradition. The Dallas MorningjNews described a setting of "English Regency as elegant as any affair of

Buckingham Palace" as the background for the 1940 annual ball.2 5 Illustrating the close cooperation with Idlewild,

Terpsichorean presented silver silent butlers complimenting previous gifts from both clubs.26 These social displays disappeared from 1942 to 1946 while the majority of the club's membership participated in World War II.

As members returned, club activities resumed; and to dispell the gloom of the war years, decorators selected an exotic theme for the 1947 ball.2 7 Twelve lovely debutantes bowed amidst a Chinese spring garden, with flowering acacia trees surrounding the ballroom.28 Bolts of gold lame, spring flowers, and sixteenth century Chinese antiques completed the fantasy.2 9

Debutantes," Dallas Morning News, 11 January 1938, sec. 1. p. 4.

25 Margaret Milam, "Palatial Setting Used For Annual Terpsichorean Ball," Dallas Morning News, 20 January 1940, sec. 3, p. 8. 26 Both Idlewild and Terpsichorean had previously selected coordinating silver cigarette boxes, lighters, and trays.

27 Terpsichorean Anniversa'y Script, p. 15. 28 The Dallas Social Directory Advisory Committee. The Dallas Social Directory (1975-1976 ed.; Dallas, 1976), p. 189. The following girls debuted in 19471 Joan Adams, Nancy Burrus, Kay Harrington, Lelia Houseman, Constance Owsley, Suzanne Sailer, and Beverly Smith.

29 Dorothy Hyde "Exotic Terps Ball Closes Social Whirl," 39

Once again the Dallas social season blossomed with

glamour and tradition as Terpsichorean celebrated its fiftieth

anniversary in 1948. Over one thousand guests attended this

affair which contained a special touch of tradition. Frank

M. Gray, Jr., son of the first president, presided over the evening.30

But tradition was just one of many facets the club demon-

strated now. By 1950 Terpsichorean had evolved from a small

bachelors' dance club to an elite and influential part of

Dallas society. The official role of terminating the debu-

tante season had gained both prestige and power for the

organization. Members not only displayed family credentials,

but enterprising young businessmen who qualified also received

invitations to join this select group. When necessary,

Idlewild committees discussed prospective debutantes with

Terpsichorean Club officers to insure that no eligible young woman was inadvertently omitted.3 1

Dallas Morning News, 18 January 1947, pt. 1, p. 6; Interview with Mitch Gray Gilbert, Dallas, Texas, 31 July 1976. Terpsichorean operated on a budget of from $10,000 to $11,000, according to Mitch Gray Gilbert. Much of the decorating was turned over to capable professionals such as Joe Lamkert of Lambert Landscaping. Evidently, Lambert possessed extra- ordinary talents. Many persons recalled his beautiful s settings during interviews with the author.

3 0 Frank M. Gray to author, 12 August 1976; Hyde, "Terpsichorean: Early Affairs," DallaS MernagNi*ag 18 Januasrgt194?r aec'A; p. 7. 31 Walker, Texas, p. 96, Interview with Blair Mercer, Dallas Texas, 29 June 1977. An examination of membership rosters revealed both legacies and relatives of original members. 40

With a new position to maintain, Terpsichorean consoli-

dated its strength during the next ten years. The annual

elaborate balls continued, marked by old and new customs.

The club used a formal garden setting and a romantic Old

South theme. With few exceptions, this practice established a precedent for future balls. 3 2 When the debutantes of 1951 wore pastel gowns for their presentation, another tradition began,3 3 In addition, Dr. Virgil Payne, club president in

1952, urged all active members to continue wearing white tie and tails instead of the less formal tuxedo.3 4 Later, in

1956, the club president selected a tiny gold bracelet, initi- ating the custom of presenting jewelry to the debutantes.3 5

Over the next twenty years, most of these practices became part of the club's heritage.

32 Dorothy Hyde, "Terps Presents Debs in Garden Setting," Dallas Morning News, 14 January 1950, pt. 2, p. 1. The garden theme influenced most of the succeeding parties. Whether it was a result of lack of time or originality, many presidents delegated authority to decorators, who, being florists, followed garden themes.

33 Miller Scrapbook, vol. 10. Terpsichorean tradition now dictates the ritual of wearing pastel gowns just as white gowns are traditional for the Idlewild Ball.

34 "They'll Let You Attend in Black Tie," Dallas Morning News, 23 January 1952, pt. 2, p. 5; Interview with James Efliott, 27 June 1977.

3 5 "Terpsichorean Ball Marks End of Spectacular Season." T ; 21 January 1956j sec. 1,y p. 3Inter- view with Blair Mercer, 29 June 1977; Interview with Angus Wynne, Dallas, Texas,14 September 1976; Interview with Robert Thompson, Dallas Texas, 26 July 1976. Terpsichorean uses the symbol TC made into a piece of jewelry for the debutantes' gift. During the 1960's, Terpsichorean made few changes.

Primarily the whole decade represented normalcy. Balls con-

tinued, increasing in elaborateness and in size. Seven to

eight hundred guests now attended the annual affair. Angus

Wynne, club president that year, characterized the years by

describing the ball in 1966 as, "nothing out of the ordinary

.1. .but something pleasant I suppose." Not a lack of interest but rather the absence of crises or outside

stimuli effected the static conditions at this time. Soon,

however, the club faced a new age and a new set of problems.

From 1970 to 1976 Terpsichorean encountered and success-

fully dealt with two questions: first, how to celebrate its

seventy-fifth anniversary, and second, how to maintain past

standards with the increasing rate of inflation, Even though

the estimated budget amounted to $30,000, the price of every-

thing had increased also.3 7 The cost of ballrooms, entertainment, favors, set decorations, liquor, and food escalated rapidly. As a result the club attempted to decrease spending in certain areas. Instead of the traditional sterling silver general favor, the club ordered small glass animals for the

1970's parties,3 8 Without eliminating any of the traditional glamour and gaiety, however, Terpsichorean commemorated its seventy-fifth anniversary.

6 3 Interview with Angus Wynne, 14 September 1976. i nterview with Robert Thompson, 26 July 1976; Inter- view with Blair Mercer, 29 June 1977. 38 Ibid. The glass animal tradition originated in the 42

Presiding over this memorable occasion in 1973, David

Wynne, club president, created an evening involving even more tradition than the previous years. In an effort "to involve as many of the old debutantes who rarely go to those things anymore . . . and recall the history of the club in a dramatic way," Wynne devised a plan for an outstanding presentation.3 9

Beginning with the 1890's, he traced visually the progress of Terpsichorean. Utilizing the ten debutantes in 1973, he photographed the girls in a series of period costumes and in their modern ball gowns. To add authenticity, props charac- teristic of the various periods appeared in allthe scenes.

Coordinating these pictures with appropriate music and a professionally written script, Wynne presented a nostalgic view of past debutante seasons. For the estimated two hundred former debutantes present, the production proved to be a very emotional experience, and for David Wynne an outstanding, memorable evening.4 0 early 1970's. Both Idlewld and Terpsichorean felt that the more expensive gifts of silver must be eliminated. It is too early to determine whether or not this custom will be long lasting.

39nterview with David Wynne, Dallas, Texas, 30 June 1977. David Wynne produces documentaries professionally. Consequentlyhe possessed the knowledge and the necessary equipment to really "put on a show," as he explained. That was his intention and that was his result. He carefully explained to the author all thembchanics of production as well as playing a tape of the audio part. Wynne measured much of his success by the response from the oldtimers present. He was particularly delighted that the oldest living debutante, Mrs. Ida Camp, age eighty-five, attended and tremendously enjoyed the show. 40Ibid. 43

Since that seventy-fifth celebration four years ago, no one has achieved the same success. The annual balls of the mid 1970's resemble previous presentations, both in

tradition and appearance. Occasionally, an innovative presi-

dent assumes responsibility for relieving the sameness. Yet

the basics remain untouched. The long heritage of prestige,

exclusiveness, and custom are as apparent as before.

In addition to the two men's organizations already

discussed, another important source of influence must be

considered. A thirty-year-old business known as Party

Service has contributed significantly to the Dallas Social

Season. CHAPTER IV

PARTY SERVICE

Although social secretaries are patronized in many major cities throughout the United States, few compare with Ann Draper, the social secretary of Dallas.' Co-owning and operating a business known as Party Service, Ann Draper not only plans most of the events during the social season, but often influences many of these functions to the point of complete control Both respected for her business acumen and at the same time resented for her power, she successfully manages a lengthy and hectic debutante season. A full examination of the history of her enterprise is essential to an understanding of how she acquired her authority.

Party Service originated shortly after World War II; however, the small operation barely resembled the 1976 business. In 1946, a Dallas resident by the name of Sa4y Dunlop responded to the need for a social service by establishing

'Mabel Duke, "Debut in Texas, " Scribner's Magazine, December 1938, p. 12; Beth Day, "After This Party She'll Be Invited Everywhere," Saturday Evening Post, 3 December 1966, p. 38.

2Interview with David Wynne, Dallas, Texas, 28 June 1977; Interview with Angus Wynne, Dallas, Texas, 14 September 1976; Interview with John Richard Royall, Dallas, Texas, 12 August 1976, Ann Draper's business partner is her husband, Jim Draper.

44 45

such a business.3 Using the name Sally Dunlop's Personal

Service, she provided a social secretary service from her home. Most of her business revolved around the Dallas social season, from October to February, and the four men's organi-

zations, Idlewild, Terpsichorean, Calyx, and Dervish. By composing guest lists, addressing invitations, and consulting with florists, she relieved many hosts and hostesses from the

full burden of planning a party.4 As a former debutante, she provided valuable assistance for all the men's clubs, particularly Idlewild and Terpsichorean.5 She coordinated the activities of these clubs, issued invitations, and instructed young women in the proper way to perform a full court bow.

Within a year, however, Miss Dunlop married and sold her business to Claire Marcus. 6

Substituting the name Marcus for Dunlop, the new owner soon faced her first competitor. Three sisters organized

3 mnterview with Mitch Gray Gilbert, Dallas, Texas, 11 August 1976; Interview with Lanier Voss, Dallas, Texas, 21 June 1977; Interview with Marge Nebly, DallasTexas, 2 August 1976. Mrs. Neely estimated the origin of Sally Dunlop's business as sometime in 1946. Mrs. Lanier Voss, also a former-Party Service owner, agreed upon this date. 4. interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976.

5 The Dallas Social Directory Advisory Committee. The Dallas Social Director (1975-1976 ed., Dallass n. p., 19), p. TT, Sally Dunlop debuted in 1932. 6Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976. Mrs. Neely began working for Claire Marcus in 1948. She was uncertain about the date when Mrs. Marcus purchased the business. She estimated it to be 1947. the Social Secretary, and for awhile both businesses marketed similar services. Then in 1950 the sisters dissolved their partnership and closed their business During that same year Claire Marcus moved to New York. Because she performed many of the same tasks which Sally Dunlop began, Mrs. Marcus left a considerable void by abandoning the job. At the urgent request of personal friend and Idlewild president James M. Moroney, Jr.,8 Marge Neely, a former Marcus employee, resumed thedperation. Disliking her own name for the business, she changed it to Party Service.9 When Mrs. Neely acquired ownership in 1950, the business

expanded gradually to include not only the Dallas social season events but also other important affairs. Although lacking in professional background, she capably plnned every-

thing from small parties at home to weddings and commercial events.10 On one particular occasion she organized a Motor- rama for General Motors involving several thousand people.

7Mrs. Neely stated that divorce and other problems stimulated the breakup of the Social Secretary business. The three sisters operating the business were: Mary Grayson (Mrs. Wallace Reid), Helen Grayson (Mrs. Tom Rose), and Rachel Grayson (Mrs. Xavier Esteve).

8Idlewild Past Presidents Roster, Idlewild Ball Program, jfl$ (Dallas: n. p., n. d.). 9 Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976; Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977; Interview with Ann Draper, Dallas, Texas, 24 July 1976.

t 0Mrs. Neely majored in chemistry and worked for Atlantic Refining Company during World War II. 4?

Mrs. Neely dealt with caterers, selected entertainment, and handled details about guest lists and invitations. She soon realized that she owned a twelve-month business but continued to operate it from her home. During the social season from

October to February, however, she hired four or five regular

employees to complete preparations for all the functions.

Perhaps the most important social event which Party

Service assisted in planning was the Idlewild Ball, the

initial introduction for the Dallas debutantes. Primarily,

Mrs. Neely handled the invitations for the presentation.

Using a master list, she coordinated the exclusive guest list with club regulations. "At that time," she stated, "it was

an ironclad rule that no Dallas people were allowed asfguestsl if they were eligible for membership."1 2 Consequently,

Idlewild depended upon her to maintain these restrictions

with careful management.

As another aspect of her job, Mrs. Neely assisted the

club with debutante selections. In the spring of each year,

11Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976; Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977.

12Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976; Constitution and By Laws of the Idlewild Club, October 1910, Margaret Scruggs Carruth Papers, Dallas Historidal Society, Dallas, Texas, (ni. p., n. d.). Marge Neely stated that even parents of debutantes were not allowed any guests unless they con- formed to the eligibility rules. The Idlewild By-Laws provided that if a male had resided in Dallas more than three years after he was twenty-one and had not received a membership bid, he was no longer eligible to attend any functions. Mrs. Neely expressed the feeling that this rule is not strictly enforced for the annual ball now. 48

she personally interviewed each prospect on the Idlewild nomination list. While talking with each girl and her family,

she determined their reactions to the nomination, both favorable and unfavorable, then later discussed each one with the club committee.1 3 Idlewild officers issued invitations for the fall debut to nominees recommended by Mrs. Neely and 14- agreed upon by the committee. If a girl declined for a reason such as continuing her education, they retained her name for future debuts. 1 5

In addition to Idlewild, Mrs. Neely performed many of the same services for the other three men's clubs. For

Terpsichorean she managed guest lists and ball invitations according to the club's regulations. Calyx and Dervish also hired Party Service to address and mail invitations. Occasion- ally they requested help with caterers, decorators, and entertainment.16

13lbid. As far as the author can determine, Mrs. Neely was the first owner of an outside business to act as a coordinator between Idlewild and the prospective debutantes. lkIbid.; Interview with Nelson $pencer, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976.

t5 mnterview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976; Interview with Blair Mercer, Dallas Texas, 24 June 1977. Mrs. Neely felt invitations were more prestigious twenty or thirty years ago when fewer people received bids. She related that approximately fifty invitations were issued for the 1976 season and only ten girls accepted.

16 Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976; Interview with Carlisle Blalock, Dallas, Texas, 14 July 1977. 49

For the debutantes and their families Mrs. Neely also provided valuable assistance. In addition to teaching the proper technique for a full court bow, she also planned and executed many parties for the girls during the season. Con- tinuing and expanding another original Dunlop service, she maintained a social calendar on which she listed all details of any function scheduled during the debutante season.t7

Consequently, hostesses could avoid overlapping luncheons and teas. With a master list as reference, Mrs. Neely provided names and addresses for party guest lists, matched dates for the young people, and arranged for groups of un- attached gentlemen for tag dancing.18

Emphasizing the importance of continuing family traditions rather than great expenditures, she counseled families about their options for the debutante season. Although some families

17 Until recently the local newspapers published this calendar weekly, according to Marge Neely and Jeanne Prejeanne, 18 1Mrs. Neely explained that she had few rules about who should be included on an invitation list. She felt previous year's debutantes, current club presidents, and anyone who had entertained for the girl should be included. Basically these were good rules of etiquette she followed. She believed that any additional suggestions were beyond her responsibility. Mrs. Neely also related that this practice has changed somewhat. If one wants to attend a party, all one needs to do is call Party Service to be on the invitation list. Other interviews corroborated this statement. Mrs. Neely's staff, with the assistance of respective hostesses, usually matched dates. The boy received his invitation with his date' name included. Then he called her and actually invited her to attend with him. If a gentleman rejected his date, he effectively declined the invitation. 50

considered both an afternoon tea and a formal ball as the only acceptable way to honor their daughter, Mrs. Neely stressed what they could afford rather than any obligation they felt.1 9 As a result not everyone designed lavish balls.

Some planned teas, while others honored their daughters with receptions. Families frequently combined expenses at a joint ball or sisters debuted in the same year.2 0

If families enlisted her help to organize a ball, Mrs.

Neely used different sources to create theme ideas. News- paper accounts of functions in other cities occasionally stimulated an idea for a party. At the same time she collaborated with florists and decorators to design the complete ball. Yet "everyone had something to express their person- ality," she explained. 21

In 1954, Mrs. Neely decided that having a family and a business at the same time presented problems, so she sold the business to Mernie Myers and Kitty O'Bern.22 During the next two years, Myers and O'Bern restricted the firm's business more to the social season in Dallas. When they both married

19"The Deb Season," Dallas Times Herald Magazine 22 January 1961; Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976.

20 Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976; Interview with Janet DeSanders, Dallas, Texas, 9 August 1976. 2t Mrs. Neely stated that she worked primarily with Vigo Larson and Pete Harris, both decorators. Specifically she mentioned Peggy Breckline's debut with Christmas trees and poinsettias lining the Crystal Ballroom at the Baker Hotel. 2 2 Ibid.; Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977. 51

in 1956, Party Service needed a buyer once again. Mernie

Myers persuaded one of the temporary workers, Mrs. Lanier

Voss, to purchase the business. Initially expecting to be

engaged only from October to February, Mrs. Voss, unable to

refuse the constantly growing demand, discovered that she now owned a twelve-month service.2 3

With an apparent abundance of talent and a tendency

toward perfection, Lanier Voss greatly enlarged the scope

and influence of Party Service from 1956 to 1963. Continuing with the previous pattern, Mrs. Voss assisted Idlewild,

Terpsichorean, Calyx, and Dervish with their parties honoring

the debutantes. Although Mernie Myers had to guide her

through the first Idlewild rehearsal, Mrs. Voss soon conducted

the operation to the point of changing and rearranging her new business.2 4

Again, Party Service primarily handled invitation lists

for Idlewild; however, its role in debutante selection differed

slightly while Mrs. Voss owned the business. Instead of visiting the prospects herself, she simply consulted with the

23 lnterview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977. Mrs. Voss explained that beginning with Sally Dunlop, all Party Service owners were Southern Methodist University Alumnae belonging to the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority. Ann Draper's ownership finally ended this long connection. Also, Marge Neely and Lanier Voss were next-door neighbors when Mrs. Neely owned the business. Mrs. Voss elected to buy the business because she thought she would only be busy during the social season. 24 Ibid.; "Social Party Director is Real Diplomat," Dallas Morning News, 24 June 1959, sec. 3, p. 1. 52

club's committee. Because of her years at Southern Methodist

University, she personally knew many of the girls and their parents and offered insight on the possibility of a particular young lady debuting.25

When the new debutantes entered their presentation

season, Mrs. Voss advised and assisted the girls and their families for all parties. Her clients pAid a set fee at the beginning of the season for the services. The girls received weekly notices of invitations and schedules, which resulted in organized debutantes and happy hostesses.26 Another way she managed the party season smoothly revolved around the master lists.

Originally created by Mernie Myers, the master guest list of names and addresses proved invaluable for planning parties and mailing invitations. But Miss Myers only maintained a central list for married couples, so Mrs. Voss also developed a master for female and male singles. To obtain information regarding these groups, she devised a questionnaire.

Requesting a list of fifty young men and- fifty young women from each debutante, she polled them to acquire as much

25 1nterview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977; Interview with Charles Pierce, Dallas, Texas, 13 July 1977. Piere stated that Mrs. Voss was more influencial than she remembered. 2 Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977. Mrs. Voss stressed that her calendar served as&a"elearing house" with no charge to anyone wanting to schedule a party during the social season. She also emphasized that this calendar pre- vented conflicting party dates for the same people. In addition she maintained the traditional open Mondays and Thursdays. 53

information about each as possible.2 ? From this she compiled

a reference file to use when matching couples for parties.2 8

Yet a faux pas such as heavy drinking, irresponsibility, or

basically unsociable behavior quickly eliminated undesireables

from the list.2 9

Her own acute sense of responsibility and the complete

trust the parents placed in her accented Mrs. Voss's mother- hen or den-mother feelings toward the debutantes in particular and the female guests in general. Watching over her parties,

she and her husband occasionally escorted a girl home when her date had too much to drink. As a result her favorable reputation and the credibility of her service impressed many persons and presented her with a growing business. Weddings, teas, brunches, or debutante balls--Lanier Voss planned them all.

In 1959 the Dallas Morhia News estimated that Party

Service organized over two hundred parties a year, some of

27 Wanda McDaniel, "The Dating Game," Dallas Times Herald, 7 December 1975, sec. F, p. 1-6; Interview with David Wynne, Dallas, Texas, 28 June 1977. Information requests included basics such as name, age, height, weight, likes and dislikes, and preferences for match dating. Lanier Voss borrowed this idea from Kathryn Lipscomb, Party Service owner in Fort Worth.

2 8 Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977. Mrs. Voss stated that "if a boy thinks he is on your list forever because you send him a blank . . . and then you get bad reports on him that he stands over in a corner and doesn't dance with the girl and just wants to drink . . . then forget it!" 2 9 Ibid. 54

these the most lavish balls ever witnessed in Dallas.3 0

Because of current rising costs, Mrs. Voss explained it would be difficult to equal or surpass some of the parties she planned. Pounds of Russian Caviar, fresh Gulf Shrimp, Maine lobsters, and gallons of premium whiskeys provided the standard fare for some of these affairs. In one instance, chartered jets delivered California movie stars, while five o'clock telegrams urged early arrival for local guests. In another, orchestras played in three ballrooms as guests dined on a ten-course meal complimented by imported wines.3 1 But not everyone desired an elaborate display. Mrs. Voss explained that some of the wealthiest families in Dallas stated that they wanted their daughters to meet people but they wanted their money to go to charitable organizations.

In other words, "I want this done nice but on a minimum expenditure."32 By 1961, the Dallas debutante season attracted the attention of the National Broadcasting Company. Compiling a documentary on the social season in various cities throughout the United States, the major television network approached

3 0 Ibid.; "Social Party Director," Dallas MorningNews, 24 June 1959, sec. 3, p. 1. 31Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977; "Deb Season," Dallas Times Herald Magazine, 22 January 1961, p. 8.

3 2Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977.

33 Tbid.; Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977. 55

Mrs. Voss and Idlewild president Charles Pierce about filming a segment onDallas debutantes. According to Mrs. Voss, the National Broadcasting Company revealed that Dallas was the most impressive of all the cities included. 4 Although

Idlewild only allowed cameras at the dress rehearsal, additional filming at Mrs. Voss's home and at the home of debutante

Patricia Lubben combined to give Dallas the longest feature in the documentary.3 5

Because of her tremendously successful business, Lanier

Voss found little time for herself and her own interests.

Although she thoroughly enjoyed her work, she decided in 1963 to sell her enterprise. She soon found willing buyers in

Ann and Jim Draper. As an experienced journalist and former society editor for the Dallas Morning News, Ann Draper assumed the role of social secretary of Dallas.3 7

As the co-owner of Party Service, Ann Draper expanded her business as well as her personal influence on the Dallas social season. Whether she hired bartenders, waitresses, caterers, or designed a whole party theme, Mrs. Draper

3 kbid.; Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977,

34 Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977.

3 5Tbid.; Interview with Charles Pierce, 12 July 1977. See Chapter Two of this study for additional information. 36Interview with Lanier Voss, 21 June 1977.

31bid.;Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976. 56

capably relieved hostesses of party planning details.

Specializing in invitations, she ordered, addressed, and mailed them for anyone who purchased her services.) 8 In addition she recorded acceptances and regrets and consulted with hostesses to assure the proper mixture of guests.3 9

To assist her irvrmatching the young women with dates, Mrs.

Draper used the master lists which she had acquired with the business and had subsequently expinded.0 As keeper of the social calendar, she effectively controlled the scheduling of all parties during the debutante season.4 1 However, the Idlewild Club provided the most advantageous and possibly most lucrative business contact for Party Service.

Beginning with Sally Dunlop, all of Ann Draper's predecessors provided invaluable assistance for the men's club.42

In order to maintain this continuity, Mrs. Draper continued

3 8Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976; "Party Power," D Magazine, October 1976, pp. 96-674

3 9 "Party Power," p. 67; Interview with Jeanne Prejeanne, Dallas, Texas, 12 August 1976; Interview with David Wynne, 28 June 1977; Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976. Many persons feel that Mrs. Draper overextends her role as party coordinator by excluding and including people on invitation lists.

4 0Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976; "Party Power," pp. 67-68. 41"Party Power," p. 68. D Magazine asserted that controlling the social calendar provided access to many prospective customers for Party Service. 4 2Refer to previous citations concerning this procedure in this chapter. 57

this association by working closely with Idlewild. In this

position she not only handled the prestigious invitations, but she also collaborated with many of the presidents in

developing all details for the annual debutante ball.4 3

Following the precedent, she also served as consultant and

advisor on the question of prospective debutantes, Both

guiding the club toward and steering them away from partic-

ular individuals, she influenced Idlewild's final decisions

on who received invitations to debut and who did not. Al-

though some people resented her advisory capacity and suggested

she possessed too much control, others related that "it is

just a part of her business."45 Because of her contact with

the socializers in Dallas, she became a knowledgeable source

concerning who could afford to debut and who wanted to debut.4 6

431nterview with Blair Mercer, 24 June 1977; Interview with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1976.

4 4 Interview with Blair Mercer, 24 June 1977; Interview with Charles Pierce, 13 July 1977; "Party Power," p. 68. At times Mrs. Draper's counsel proved beneficial in pre- venting Idlewild from some embarrassing mistakes, stated D Magazine, October 1976, p. 70.

45Interview with Blair Mercer, 24 June 1977; Interview with Huge Schoellkopf, Dallas, Texas, 5 August 1976. Many persons the author interviewed, some of whom wished not to be quoted directly, complained that Mrs. Draper maintained too much control over the whole selection process.

46 Interview with Jeanne Prejeanne, 13 August 1976; Interview with Blair Mercer, 24 June 1977. Jeanne Prejeanne expressed the feeling that many mothers were afraid to cross Mrs. Draper for fear their son or daughter might be black- listed from social functions. 58

Once the prospective girls accepted their bids from

Idlewild, Mrs. Draper also assisted the debutantes and their families. Initially the girls and their mothers met with

Mrs. Draper in a planning session. In scheduling dates for debut balls, iunche6ns.,and teas, she organized the calendar for the social season.4 While advising the girls and their mothers what to expect routinely and financially, she usually acquired severalnew accounts as parents yielded to the over- whelming schedule before them. For a minimum cost of from $20,000 to $30,000, she assured families that their daughters debut would compare favorably with other balls during the season.4 9

One of the most successful services provided by her business involved matching young people with dates. After requesting names of approximately ten young men and ten young women from each debutante at the beginning of the season, she compiled a master list. Adding prominent names from previous years, Party Service mailed lists to everyone included, instructing them to circle nnames they would like to date and eliminate names they objected to. The returned lists

k7"Deb Season," Dallas Times HeraldjMagazine, 22 January 1961, p. 8. "Party Poweri"p.T687

4 8 '"PartyPower," p. 681 Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976; Interview with Jeanne Prejeanne, 13 August 1976.

4 9"Party Power," p. 68; Interview with Marge Neely, 2 August 1976; Interview with Ann Draper, 22 July 1976; Inter- view with Jeanne Prejeanne, 13 August 1976; "Deb Season," Dallas Times HeraldMazine, 22 January 1961, p. 8. 59

composed confidential files used for match dating. Because

of careful management and the systematic approach, the master

lists provided an effective and efficient method of assuring

a date for every single guest.5 0

Mrs. Draper occasionally far exceeded the minimum budget at the request of her clients. For the Van Calvin Ellis

daughters in 1970, she recreated the Vienna Opera House.5 1

Utilizing Peter Wolf's talent as an outstanding decorator

and her own experience gained from the debutante ball in

Vienna, she supervised the conversion of the Sheraton Ball-

room. While mirrors reflected on one side, huge settings

depicting the opera house lined the other wall.5 2 German

and Viennese chefs flew to Dallas and prepared food for two

days and two nights before the ball. Consequently, nine

hundred guests dined on magnificent European delicacies. At

an estimated cost of $150,000 the masterpiece was completed.5 3

Not only was Party Service closely associated with

Idlewild, but also with the Terpsichorean, Calyx, and

Dervish Clubs. As with Idlewild, Mrs. Draper provided

50McDaniel, "The Dating Game," Dallas Times Herald, 7 December 1975, sec. F, p. 1.

Social Directory, p. 191. Both Monica and Meredith Ellis debuted in 1970. 5 2 Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 19761 "Party Power," p. 68.

53nterview with Jeanne Prejeanne, 13 August 1976; "Party Power," p. 68; Interview with David Wynne, 28 June 1977. 60

invitations services for the annual Terpsichorean Ball in January. Depending on the arrangements with the current

club presidents, she managed additional arrangements such as decorations for the closing presentation. Similarly, contingent on the current president, Calyx and Dervish also used her addressing service as well as other special functions.

In some instances Party Service maintained club records, plus the billing and dues collecting tasks on a regular basis. 5 4

As a result, to insure that all went well, Mrs. Draper and her husband attended all functions Party Service planned.5 5

As an additional business operation the Drapers resumed publishing a social register or directory for Dallas.56

After continually refering to the Fort Worth and Houston directories, they decided Dallas needed one also in 1968.5? Now they compile a register every two years containing some two

54" "Party Power," p. 68. Interview with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1976, Interview with David Wynne, 28 June 19??; Interview with Blair Mercer, 24 June 1977; Interview with Robert Thompson, Dallas, Texas, 11 August 1976.

55 Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976. In the fall of 1976 the author attended a Calyx party where Mr. and Mrs. Draper were seated at the entrance table checking off names of paid members and collecting guest fees. Many objected to her control and blamed it on lazy or busy presidents. 56 Dallas social directories have appeared for various periods under names such as the Dallas Blue Book and the Social Direc . 5 7 Interview with Ann Draper, 24 July 1976; Wanda McDaniel, "A bit of Dallas Tradition at your finger tips," Dallas Times Herald, 14 March 1976, sec. D, p. 1-3. 61

thousand listings. Seeking publication consent, they mail

invitations requesting family background information and

offering the directory at a discounted price if purchased

then. Some feel that a listing in the directory indicates

a certain community prestige or status, while others view

the whole register as a farce. No particular qualifications

for the book have been established. Only the Advisory Com- mittee which compiles the information is aware of the standards

for admittance.58 Although many people object to the method of compilation. others find the register if not extremely

helpful at least delightful reading.5 9

From Sally Dunlop's initial business enterprise, Party

Service has progressed from advisor to controller, from

organizer, to directory Considering variables such as indi-

vidual club presidents and different business owners, the

progression has been constant. Each president delegated

as much or as little authority as he chose; each woman operated

her business as she chose. The end result now is a very

58 McDaniel, "A bit of Dallas Tradition," Dallas Times Herald, 14 March 1976, sec. D, p. 1-3. Ann Draper insists that the composition of the Advisory Committee must remain secret.

591bid. A secret Advisory Committee screens and compiles applicants for the SocialDirectory. Opinions about the Directory vary tremendously. In the Times Herald article cited above, one socialite, desiring anonymity,replieds "In New York the directory really means something because it takes background and a good name to get in, but here it's sort of dumb since anyone who wants to write a check can get listed." 62 strong, determining influence on the whole debutante season in the form of Ann Draper, the social secretary of Dallas, In addition to Party Service, two other bachelor's clubs, Calyx and Dervish, have recently assumed a part in the debutante presentation. Although their role is small when compared to Idlewild and Terpsichorean, their contri- bution to the social season is significant. CHAPTER V

CALYX AND DERVISH INTRODUCE THE DEBUTANTES

Although Idlewild and Terpsichorean control the selection and presentation of the Dallas debutantes, both Calyx and

Dervish, two additional men's clubs, honor the girls with formal balls each season. Yet the similarities between these two organizations and the older Idlewild and Terpsichorean

Clubs end at this point. Not only are Calyx and Dervish larger and more active, but they also maintain few, if any traditions. Basically they are more informal and flexible in their attitudes and activities during the social season.

Organized in 1912 at the home of Easley Waggoner, Calyx is older than Dervish by sixteen years. Charter members originally intended the club to promote "fraternal and social purposes and foster good fellowship among its members." 2

t Dallas Morning News, 11 September 1966, sec. E, p. 1; 11 Dece-iieUr1966, see. Fp. 1; Interview with Carlisle Blalock, Dallas,Texas, July 14 1977. The flllas Morning News lists the following persons as charter members: Bryan Adams, Charles Alexander, Leonard Bradford, Jim Cheek, Felix Doran, Edward Mahon, Carl Mangold, Mac Markham, Royal Miller, Tom B. Scott, Stuart Scruggs, Easley Waggoner, and Tom Williams. A two-year discrepancy appears between the year of origin and the first president. Carlisle Blalock revealed that he had tried to determine the reason for the discrepancy but found no information.

2W. Coleman Sylvan, ed., jalyx ClubDirectory, 1971- I97i (n. p., n. d.), p. 41.

63 64

Furthermore, the 1971-72 president, Spencer Nelson explained,

several young men who belonged to both Idlewild and Terpsi-

chorean desired to sponsor more than one party a year.3 As a result they organized a new club by the name of Calyx,

"signifying the heart of a rose." 4

At present Calyx finances four parties a year in the

spring, summer, fall, and winter.5 The spring party origin-

ated in 1924. Club officials decided that "around April 1 would be a good time for society to snap out of the lapse between the end of the formal winter season and the beginning of summer lawn parties." They agreed that a costume ball provided an excellent opportunity for frivolity. Proposing a Bowery theme and requesting guests to appear in "Gay 90's" apparel, club members utilized their only asset, an antique bar from an old saloon, complete with brass rail. For many years this prop was essential for the costume ball.6

3 Interview with Nelson Spencer, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976. For a complete listing of Calyx presidents refer to Appendix C, p. 78. 4 Carl L. Wilson and Walter E. Loomis, B (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1967), p. 260; Dallas Morning News, 11 December 1966, sec. F, p. 1. Actually the calyx is that part of the flower formed by the sepals. This is the outside portion that encases the petals and is not restricted to the rose. i nterview with Spencer Nelson, 2 August 1976. 6 "Pan-American Theme To Be Employed for Calyx April Party," Dallas Morning News, 28 March 1937, sec. III, p. 3. 65

The summer party traditionally included members only, and the fall ball celebrated the annual Texas-Oklahoma foot- 7 ball rivalrytthe evening preceding the game. Culminating the year with a holiday formal, Calyx planned its Christmas ball for the Saturday before.8

More elaborate in terms of settings and more formal in terms of dress, the Calyx Christmas Ball traditionally honored the Idlewild debutantes of the season9 ; however, only within the last five to ten years has the club actually introduced the young women.1 0 Always the debutantes appeared as honored guests, attending the pre-party presidential dinner and receiving a special gift from the club.1 1 Now the club spotlights the girl specifically.

i nterview with Spencer Nelson, 2 August 1976; Inter- view with Norman Kinzy, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976; Inter- view with Carlisle Blalock, 14 July 1977; Sylvan, ed., Calyx DirectorylL5-126, p. 44. Calyx By-Laws state that the active single membership will be limited to 150, and full membership will not exceed a total of 375. 8 Jeanne Prejeanne, "Calyxers envelope the flowers," Dallas Morning News, 21 December 1976, sec. C, p. 1; Inter- view with Humphrey Bogart, Dallas, Texas, 4 August 1976; Interview with Spencer Nelson, 2 August 1976; Interview with Norman Kinzy, 2 August 1976.

9Prejeanne, "Calyxers envelope the flowers," sec. C, p. 1; Interview with Humphrey Bogart, 4 August 1976; Inter- view with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1976.

10 Telephone interview with Ann Draper, Dallas, Texas, 25 July 1977; Interview with Humphrey Bogart, 4 August 1977; Interview with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1977. No one the author interviewed established a definite date for starting the formal introduction. Everyone estimated this practice began between five to ten years ago.

t t Interview with Carlisle Blalock, 14 July 1977; 66

Using a theme of Christmas in a different country each

year, Calyx operates on a budget of approximately $20,000

for the annual debutante party now.12 Although the intro-

ductions are not as formal as Idlewild or Terpsichorean, the

club officially recognizes each debutante individually, but

eliminates such formalities as a full court bow, specially

colored gowns, and a Grand March.1 3

Elaborate settings such as the French Christmas theme,

"Le Jardine de Noel," for the 1976 Calyx Ball provided ele-

gant backdrops for formal debutante introductions. With

officer escorts in white tie and tails, the girls appeared in

the doorway of a two-story white brick home and walked to the

center of the ballroom as their name was announced. Dancing and a midnight breakfast followed as the guests enjoyed a

typical Calyx Ball.15

Interview with John Richard Royall, Dallas, Texas, 12 August 1976; Interview with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1976; Interview with Wallace Savage, Dallas, Texas, 18 July 1977.

t2 Interview with Norman Kinzy, 2 August 1976; Interview with Humphrey Bogart, 4 August 1976; Interview with Nelson Spencer, 2 August 1976. The tradition of Christmas in a different country originated approximately ten years ago and has been maintained.

t knterview with Humphrey Bogart, 4 August 1976; Inter- view with Norman Kinzy, 2 August 1976. The author attended two Calyx parties in 1976, including the annual Christmas ball. 14 Ibid.; Prejeanne, "Calyxers envelope the flowers," sec. C, p. 2; Interview with Jesse M. "Bill" Griffin, Dallas, Texas, 25 July 1977.

15 lnterview with Bill Griffin, 25, July 1977. Griffin has been a member of Calyx since 1972 and characterized the 67

At the same time Dervish, the last men's club to begin

introducing the debutantes, shares many similarities with

Calyx. Organized in 1928 at the home of Paul Crum, Dervish

acquired its name from the Whirling Dervish.1 6 Most of the

young members were Southern Methodist University students

and they took pride in their dancing abilities.17 They spon-

sored several parties each year "just to have fun," related

Paul Crum, the club's first president. "We didn't have any idea of honoring the debutantes back then."1 8

At that time the most popular kind of dance was tag

dancing. So Dervish members issued many stag invitations to assure everyone a good time. Generally these parties revolved around avthpmeor central idea. Occasionally Dervish planned costume balls, but most frequently they organized shipwrecked parties. Wallace Savage, the 1940 president, recalled some famous shipwrecked scenes, particularly after

1976 Christmas ball as a typical Calyx formal. 16 Interview with Paul Crum, Dallas, Texas, 29 June 1977; Dorothy Hyde, Dallas Morning News, 17 November 1946, sec. III, p. 1. Crum was the club's first president. He explained that he was a dance promoter for the college-age people in town, so he organized many of the early parties. He reported that they bought everything they possibly could at wholesale, including rosebud corsages for their dates. Wese' e olgaeDcinr (Springfield, Massa- chussetts:G.an d -C. err am Company,.1973)p.307. dervish defines as "one that whirls or dances with or as if with the abandonment of a dervish." 17Ibid.

t8 Ibid. Crum was unaware when the club began honoring the debutantes, 68

World War II that "got a little wild at times." Using the

open-air dance floor at old Vickery Park, guests appeared

however they imagined being dressed when the ship went down.1 9

Although the club originally scheduled several affairs during the year, Dervish now sponsors three annual parties.2 0

For many years the organization included the debutantes as honored guests at their fall formal;21however, similar to Calyx, they began introducing the girls only during the last five years.22 Eliminating still more of the pomp and tradition surrounding Idlewild and Terpsichorean, Dervish members dis- pensed with an elaborate setting in 1976 and "just had a good time. "2 3 Although both Calyx and Dervish now formally honor the debutantes once each year both the philosophies and attitudes of the clubs remains essentially unchanged. They organized to sponsor fun-filled parties for club members and they

19Ibid.; Interview with Wallace Savage, 18 For a complete July 1977; listing of Dervish Club presidents refer to Appendix D, p. 80. 2 0The Dervish C Dervish Club By-Laws (Dallas: n. p.,nThese three parties are established annual affairs; however, the club may schedule additional parties throughout the year. 1Sarah Birge, "Dervish derivation," Dallas Morning News, 28 April 1972, sec. C, p. 3. 22 Telephone Interview with Ann Draper, 25 July 1977. 23 Jeanne Prejeanne, "Dervish Clubbers toss the for the ball debs," DallasMorningNews, 23 November 1976, C, p.3. sec. 69

continue to do so. Spotlighting the debutantes is a nice addition but not a central theme as with Idlewild and Terpsi- chorean. Basically the clubs are for the benefit of the membership, and "if a deb was lucky enough -to getinvited by memberp,"'Crum explained, "that was honor enough. i2 244

Interview with Paul Crum, 18 July 1977; Birge, "Dervish Derivation," Dallas Morning News, sec. C, p. 3. CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSIONS

The system of selecting and presenting debutantes in

Dallas has changed in many ways, from the first simple

"coming out" parties in the 1880's to the extravaganzas of the 1970's. A complicated, lavish, and intense process has evolved. It has expanded to include the activities of four prestigious bachelors' clubs--Idlewild, Terpsichorean, Calyx, and Dervish--and management by a specialized business known as Party Sertice.

Idlewild, the originator of the debut in Dallas, has maintained its position as the most elite of the four clubs.

Not only does the club select the debutantes but it also inaugurates the whole social season. Traditions that began many years ago, such as the formal bow, Grand March, and miniature picture gift for the girls continue as strong as ever. Yet some traditions seem to have eroded gradually through the years as the result of outside influences. Promi- nent old Dallas family names no longer form the basis for debutante selection. Depending on the club president and how much authority he delegates, the current owner of Party

Service directs attention toward families who are interested in their daughters debuting, and in some instances, those

70 71

who can afford the considerable expense of a debut. The

days are gone forever when a young lady fromaa well-known

family could simply express her desire to debut ind in turn

receive an Idlewild invitation. Dallas has grown too large

and money has evidently become too important for such a

tradition to continue.

Not only is wealth still an important criteria but

apparently the reasons for a young woman making her debut

have changed little. Although some expressed an opposing

opinion, the majority of the persons interviewed revealed a

similar opinion: that a debut is a method of introducing a

young woman to a large group of eligible young men from com parable backgrounds with the ultimate result being marriage

to the "right" young man or woman. In addition, girls seem-

ingly develop poise and grace through this whole process,

and as a debutante daughter they bring a certain status or

prestige to their families.

Idlewild is not the only men's club that performs an

important role in the Dallas social season. Terpsichorean,

Calyx, and Dertth all honor the debutantes with special balls, but Terpsichorean is second only to Idlewild in elite-

ness. Originally organized as a dance club, Terpsichorean

now officially terminates the Dallas social season with an annual ball in January, when the girls make their final bow

before society. Because of the degree of overlapping 72

membership with Idlewild and the long standing traditions,

Terpsichorean members frequently influence debutante nominations.

Calyx and Dervish are the two newcomers to the debutante season. Although both clubs have honored the young women for many years at a formal ball, they initiated formal introduction of the girls only within the last five to ten years. More flexible and less traditional than either Idlewild or Terpsichorean, Calyx and Dervish do not focus

their attention on the social season in Dallas. Each club

sponsors additional parties throughout the year. With

larger memberships, neither club has the restrictive or

exclusive reputation fostered by Idlewild and Terpsichorean.

In some instances Calyx and Dervish appear to contain the

rebels while the two older clubs support the conservatives

of Dallas society.

Despite considerable modernization and some modifi-

cations, the Dallas debut and many of the old traditions

remain strong. Customs regarded as outmoded in other cities

still command the respect or at leat the attention of anyone

who reads a society page in Dallas. The debut, whether

large or small, plain or elaborate, elicits many reactions, some favorable, others disdainful. But whatever the response,

the original purpose remains--"to properly introduce young ladies to society." APPENDIX A

IDLEWILD CLUB PAST PRESIDENTS*

President Term of Office

Paul Furst...... * . . ,1884 Owen D. Burnett ...... 1885 Jo J. Eckford ...... , . . , - 1886

Charles Henning ...... * ...... 1887 Fred Porter ...... 1888 F. M. Cockrell...... , 1889 J. D. Oldham...... a . . a . . . . . * * . 1890 As W. Stewart ...... , . , o . 1891 George Dexter ...... - o - 1892 Albert Stewart...... , . * . .1893 L* T. Tune. * ...... * * . o . .** 1894 Robert K. Gatson...... 1895 H. L. Edwards ...... , , . . 1896 T. L. Camp...... 1897 M. L. Kaufman ...... ,1898 Howard Claiborne...... 1899 Dr. Scurry Terrell...... 1900 We H. Flippen ...... 1901 M* B. Shannon ...... * . . . * 1902 Dick Clark...... , . . 1903 George Robertson...... * ...... * 1904 Dero E. Seay...... 1905 Freeman Hall...... , . , , . . .,1906 T. W. Griffiths, Jr...... * . , 1907 W. M. Lingo ...... * . . 1908 .. 1909 W. M. Waskom. * ...... * Dr. E. H. Cary0...... a. . . 1910 Freeman Hall...... 1911 S. I. Munger...... *1912 ...... 1913 J. M. Dawson...... Q Hal Thomson ...... $...... 1914 John L. Young ...... 1915 Dave Hughes ...... 1916 R. E. Cowart, Jr, ...... 1917 H. E. Sawyer...... 1918 T. A. Knight...... * ...... 1919 Leven Jester...... , , o...... 1920 H. D. Lindsley, Jr...... 1921 George Giffiths ...... 1922 A. G. Wood, Jr, ...... * . . . * ...... 1923 Marion Fooshee...... 1924

73 74

APPENDIX A -- Continued President Term of Office

Tom W. Gregory, Jr...... S I .a I 1925 .a James B. Cheek ...... p a 1926 a a a Carl B. Callaway ...... a 1927 .S I G. Pew...... 1928 John I Albert Sidney Johnson. . . . I I I 1929 .S ,I Robert L. Clark...... a a S 0 a 1930 I U Bernard P. Dunlap...... S ,I a 1931 Maurice E. Purnell...... I 1932 .S .a .I a W. 0. Skillman ...... a 1933 .I Philip Kelton...... a 1934 . a .I I Jr.. . . .I 1935 James T. Elliott, .S I William R. Moore . . . . . I I 1936 .a .S * , .S 0 1937 J. B. Adoue, III . . . . a Walton Head ...... $ 1938 I ,S O'Hara Watts . . . , . . .I 1939 Robert M. Perry. . . . . -* 1940 .S I . Thomas W. Wassel . . . . .a U I 1941-45 .S .a Gus Rounsaville, Jr...... U 1946 .I .I I Mitch Gray Gilbert . . . I I .S p 1947 .S Stanley E. Neely . . . . a .I 1948 I .I S .a . . . .a .I 1949 Tom W. Norsworthy. a .I James 4. Moroney, Jr.. . .S .I .S 1950 .a .I p Robert E. Abernathy, Jr. . . 1951 a I I * . J. Robert Carter, Jr...... a .S .I I 1952 .S .I .S a 1953 Tom G. Leachman, Jr. . .. . I Jr...... I 1954 Henry Exall, .S .I Jr.... S 1955 John T. Higginbotham, .a a I . . . .I 1956 Edward C. Reed . . I p Ben H. Sparkman. . . . . I 1957 V. Charlton . . . 1958 George S I Joseph H. Flaig, Jr...... I S 1959 John R. Royall ...... I p 1960 Pierce, Jr. . 1961 Charles C. I Winf'ield B. Oldham, Jr.. 1962 1963 Allyn S. Patrick ...... I I Andrew CarthewwYetrt6 ... 1963 Joseph 0. Neuhoff, Jr. . . 1964 James Percival Rice. . . . I 1965 1966 Charles Vance Campbell, Jr.. S I Nelson Hunter Spencer. . . 1967 John A. Alexander. . . . . 1968 George Wesley Works, III . 1969 Hugo William Schoellkopf, III. 1970 Robert Fleming See, Jr.. ..1.4 1971 75

APPENDIX AA --Continued President Term of Office

George Milton Underwood, III. . . . , ...... 1972 Joel Thomas Williams, III ...... #- 1973 Robert Dyckman Newsome...... - 1974 Robert Coleman Thompson * * ...... * . . 1975 Blair Mercer...... - . . 1976

*The Idlewild Ball Program, October 2, 1 . (n. p., n,, d.o APPENDIX B TERPSICHOREAN CLUB PAST PRESIDENTS*

President Term of Office

Frank M. Gray. . . 1898-4903 T. V. Murray * . * . . 1904 George N. Aldredge . . 1905 A.* P. King * . * . * 1906 J* 0. Gahagan. * .e * 1907 Robert Watson.* . * . 1909 Robert Watkin . . . . 1910 Currie McCutcheon. .e, . 1911 Dr. S. L. Scothorn , 1912 Rembert Watson . . . 1913 Robert Buddy . . . 1914 Marion F. Fooshee. . 1915 Francis W. Wozencraft. * 1916 Tom J. Morney. . .a.e . 1919 Dr. Henry T. Smith . . 1920 Dr. Curtice Rosser.. * 1921 Hughes Knight. . , . . 1922 Homer Groves * . . 1923 Easley Waggoner. . . . 1924 Jordan Ownby . . * 1925 Webster Atwell . . , 1926 Hugh Grady . * * . 1927 Dr. C. B. Carter to . . 1928 Bill Lipscomb. . * 1929 C. M. Patrick. . . * 1930 A. Webb Roberts. . . 1931 James T. Elliott, Jr.. * 1932 Harry L. Seay, Jr. . . 1933 George E. Seay . . * 1935 John Louis Shook .. . 1936 M. 4. Blakeney, Jr.. * 1937 James L. Noel, Jr... * 1938 CharleseE. Long, Jr.. * 1939 Edwin A. Nesbitt ..0 * 1940 George E. Drewery, Jr. .1941-1945 Mitch Gray Gilbert . 0 1946 Frank M. Gray, Jr. . . 1947 William D. Kennedy . . 1948 Thomas W. Norsworthy # 1949 Manson Harris...... 1950 Ethan B. Stroud. . . . . 1951

76 77

APPENDIX B --Continued President Term of Office

Dr. Virgil M. Payne, Jr...... 1951 Peter O'Donnell, Jr...... 1952 Currie McCutcheon, Jr...... 1953 KennethW.MMerritt ...... 1954 Fred G. Gannon ...... 1955 Gerald S. Hargett...... 1956 Thomas W. Watson...... 1957 Dr. Ed Crow Miller ...... 1958 Maxwell Thomas, Jr...... 1959 R. T. Higginbotham, Jr...... 1960 Carl 0. Saustad, Jr...... 1961 GiffordTouchstones ...... 1962 Joe 0. Neuhoff, Jr...... 1963 Dr. Tom M. Dees...... 1944 Robert Verhalen...... 1965 Maurice Purnell, Jr...... 1966 Charles E. Seay, Jr. .. . 1967 Angus G. Wynne, III...... 1968 George W. Works, III ...... 1969 William M.Mount ...... #...... 1970 Henry V. Campbell, III ...... 1971 Thomas W. Craddock ...... 1972 David E. Wynne ...... 1973 Branson K. Bywaters...... 1974 Blair G. Mercer Jr...... 1975 Robert Thompson...... 1976 *The Terpfsichorean Ball6Program,.January 17, "9v (n. p., n. d. ). APPENDIX C

CALYX CLUB PAST PRESIDENTS* President Term of Office

D. Easley Waggoner...... 1914 Frank W. Slaton ...... 1915 Edward Stewart...... 1916 Jack R. Tennison, Jr...... 1917 Tom B. Scott. . . . .* ...... 1921 John Mettenheimer ...... 1922 Ronald Vincent. . . 0 . . . . . 1923 Louis Sparkman...... 1924 Ed Chilton...... 1925 Homer Cathey...... 1926 W. H. White . . . . . 0 . . . . 1927 Edward C. Mahon ...... 1928 Dr. E. 0. Rushing ...... 1929-31 D. Harold Byrd...... 1931-33 Winfield Morten ...... 1933-34 Jack Wingo...... 1934-35 Dr. Edwin Rippy . . . * . . . .1935-36 James H. Turner ..0.0.0 . a * . . . .1936-37 Vernon Young...... 193?430 Dr. Hub Isaacks ...... 1938-39 Samuel P. Johnson S ...... 1939-40 North Bigbee...... 1940-41 Will R. Wilson. . . 0 . Feb. to April, 1941 Gilbert P. Howard ...... MAy, 494442 Edgar E. Giles...... Feb. to May, 1942 Melvin George ...... May to Sept, 1942 George F. Cox . . ... 0 . . .Sept. 1942 to Feb. 1946 Edgar E. Giles...... a. . ..1946-47 John A. Gillin...... 1947-48 Virgil M. Payne, Jr...... 1948-49 Clark Etheridge . . a .1949-50 Clarence Cockrell.. . . Carlisle Blalock...... 1951-52 Lawson Long, Jr...... 0. 0. 0.01959453. .1954-55 R. W. (Bob) Thompson, Jr . a 0 a.0. 1953-w54 Duncan E. Boeckman...... 0. 1954-^55 Horace Butler, Jr..-. " . 0. . .955-,56 Judson R. Wood. ., . a a 0 ..1956-5? Val W. Mansfield.. . a . .. .*1957-58 Jules E. Schneider, Jr. . . . . Feb. to Aug. 1958

78 79

APPENDIXO-O -- Continued

President Term of Office

Saustad, Jr. . . .0 I .0 a 1 1958-59 Carl 0. a .S a S R. Royall ...... 0 S. I 1959-60 John a -0 -S C. Jr. .0 a 0 1960-61 Olin Lancaster, .0 .S B. Oldham, Jr.. .0 a 1961-62 Winfield .0 .S S I R. Coffin...... 0 a 1962-63 Douglas a S S Edwin T. Freeman, II . . .0 I S 1963-64 .a 0 -S John S. McFarland. . . .* .S S $ $ I 1964-65 .** S .S a S .S -I E. Seay, Jr. . .S S S S 1965-66 Charles a S .S .S .S S-I M. Lindsley . . . .S .S .S 1966-67 Robert .aa .I S S Vance Campbell, Jr. .I .S .I S .a S S 1967-68 Charles a F. See, Jr. . . .S .I S .S S .S S 1968-69 Robert a S S W. Thayer. . . I .S .S S .S -S 1969-70 Francis .S .a S S H. Harbour . . . .S .S S $ .II 1970-71 Bruce .S S H. Spencer...... S .I .S S 1971-72 Nelson .S I S B. Dean, Jr. . .S .* S William .S I S S Lloyd S. Bowles, Jr. . .S .* 1973-07 .S W. Humphrey Bogart . . .S .S 1974-75 .I H. Norman Kinzy...... S S 1975-76 .I James Huffhines. . . . . * 1976-77 Sylvan, W. Coleman, ed., The-Calyx Club Directory. (Dallas: n. p., n. d.), p. 4. APPENDIX D

DERVISH CLUB PAST PRESIDENTS*

President Term of Office

Paul Crum ...... s* ft ft ft ft .t ft .t .t .t 1928-29 William Reilly. * . . . ft ft ft ft ft .t 1929-30 ft ft ft ft .t Howard Hambleton. .# .t .t ft ft ft 1930o31 . . ft .t .t John Louis Shook. . ft ft ft ft -t 1931-32 John Tobin...... ft ft .t .t .t .t ft ft 1932-33 ft ft .t ft ft Thomas W. Hanlon, Jr. . ft a . ft 1933-34 ft ft ft ft ft ft ft. ft Richard Carmody . . . -. # ft . ft 1934-35 R. R. Gilbert, Jr.. . ft ft -t ft ft ,t ,t .t ft ,t 1935-36 ft .t ft .t ft Andrew Tarkington . . . ft .S .a ft ft .t ft 1936-37 -t ft Linwood Griffin . . ft .S ft .t .t -t ft ft 1937-38 ft ft .t .t ft Ralph Smith ...... * .S ft ft ft ,t 1938-39 .t ft -t *aft Lankston (Lank) Major*. -I -a .S ft ft ,t ,t 1939-40 -t -a ft a -a .t ft .t ft Wallace Savage. . . ft -t *$ ft ft ft ft * -a 1940-41 Tom Oster . . . . . ft .t ft ft ft -S ft ft -a .t-0 -a -S S 1941-42 Giles Miller. . . . ft .t ,t .t ft .t .t .t ft-S *a .I -I S 1945-46 B. ft ft ft ft .t P. (Jack) Garrett, Jr. .t fta a a -S .t ,t -t 1946-47 Dr. Jay Waddell . . a .a a .t .t ft ft .t ,t ,t ft 1947-48 .t ft -I.t -I-t S .t ft Thomas Lentz* . . . -a -a .a 0 .a.t ft ft .t .t 1948-49 ft ft -aft I .t Lewis Chandler. . . -I -0 -S .S .t .0.t .a .S.t .t 1949-50 -I .I.t .t .t .t.I .I.t .S Carlisle Blalock. . .a -a -S -a .0.t a .t .a.t .t ft 1950-51 .t -p.t -t ft ft-I .I .S Walter Roten. . . . -a -a -S .a ft -0ft .a ft .Sft ft 1951-52 ft -I ftS ,t -t .S .S Arthur C. White . . -a .a -S S ft .0,t .t .a -a .a .I ft .S ft 1952-53 Charles T. ft ft .t ft ft ft Spivey -. 1-- -I -0 ft-S .a ft -S ft ft ft 1953-54 .I ft ft .S Edward L. Wilson. . a.t a -I .t S .* I ft ft ft ft ft 0 . 1954 ft .t ft ft Robert A. Gwinn . . .S -a .a -S .S ft ft ft ft ft ft ft 1954-55 .t .I ft ft Bill Tinsley. . . . -I ft -Sft ft ft ft ft ft ft 1955-56 I -I * .t -t ft John Desco. . . - I ft -Sft ft -t ft ft ft 1956-57 -I I.t ft.* -t Hartman Hotz. . . . -a .S ft -t ft ft ft ft -I I ft.I 1957-S8 Jack Patton . . . . -I S ft -t -0 -I ft ft ft ft 1958-59 ft ft ft George R. Edwards . a -t .I ,a ft ft ft 1959 $ ft ft James H. Edmondson, - -S S ft ft a -I ,t ft ft 1959-60 Gene H. Bishop. S ft ft ft -.- .I ft ft .t -I ft 1960-61 ,t ft ,t Kenneth J. Kighell. .a .S ft ,I .t ft ft 1961 John T. Kipp. . . . ft ft ft . .I -t .a .t .t .t 1961-62 E. Marvin Collins . . .t .t .t .t .t 1962-63 Robert L. Berry . . . . .t .t .t .t ft 1963-64 Jack D. Knox. . .t .t .t .t .t 1964 Sam C. Bradshaw . . .t .t 1964-65 Richard T. Mullen - 1965-66

80 81

APPENDIX D --Continued President Term of Office

Daniel M. Mahoney.. 0 .1966 * a a James F. Mason . . a I S 1966-67 S .a Edward D. Mahon.. a I .a 1967-68 ,0 .S ,*a a .a Robert W. Bridewell. S .S 0 .a 0 I .a 1968-69 * a .S .a .0 .a Thomas M. Dunning.. S ,S * 0 .a .a I a.a S 1969-70 S .0* .a * .I .a .I S .I Stephen W. Johnson . .S .S 9 .* S a I.0 .a9 .aI .* .a 1970-71 .0 .a .I a .I .I .* R. Clark Pfluger . .S .S a S.S I .aa .a S .S a.a 1971-72 S S .0 .IS .a I I.I .0S David W. Dunning . S * $ .a I a .a I a.I 1972-73 0 S .I * .I Paul N. Hug. . . * .0 a a a * 1973-74 .S I a a * Clay Hunt. . . . S .a a .a I 1974-75 Mike Allison . . S 0 I 1975-76 Greg Fain. . . . . 1976-77 *The Dervish Club Directory 1974-75. (Dallas: n. p., n. d.), p .T APPENDIX E IDLEWILD DEBUTANTES* 1884-1976 Debutantes Presentation Year

Philo Eagan . . . . . 0 1884 Minnie Miller . . . 1884 Effie Rauch . . . . . 1884 Adelia Slaughter.. . 1884 Minnie Slaughter..o 1884 Minnie Alston . . . . 1887 Carrie Griffiths. 1887 Jeannie Dargan. . 1891 Katherine Leakd . . . 1891 Miss Aikin...... * 1892 Corrine Angel . . . 1892 Birdie Alexander, . . . 1892 Julia Baker . . . . 1892 Nottia Baldwin. . 1892 Miss Belo ...... 0 1892 Ruth Borne. . . . 0 1892 Mary Carnes ...... 1892 Jennie Dargan . . 0 1892 Agatha Davis. . . 0 1892 Dora Fresenius. . . 1892 Maude Howel . . . . 1892 Gertie Jenkins. . . 1892 Annie Leake ...... 1892 Louise Lee. . . . 0 1892 Alves Norwood . . . . 0 1892 Eula Randle . . . 1892 Mamie Reekes. . . 1892 Emma Rowley . . . 1892 Margaret Smith. . 1892 Edna Spear...... 1892 Maude Tabor . . . 1892 Francesca Trezevant 1892 Adele Elliott . .. . 1894-1895 Florence West Evans 1094-1895 Annie Gibson. . . 1894-1895 Adah Hopkins. . . 1894-$95 Lily Mae Johnson. 1894-1895 Lulla Mae Johnson 1894-1895 Ethel Hastings Scruggs. 1894-1895 Ruby Traylor...... 1894-1895

82 83

APPENDIX E. --Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Lula Andrews, . . , , . . , , , . , , , . , . , , 1896

Annie Hopkins . . . . . , ...... 1896

Kate Malone * . * * , . , . , . , . . . , , . . . 1896

Sadie Pace, ...... , , , . , . . . . , . 1896

Loline Wright . . . . . , . . . , ...... , 1896

Nita Bdrton . . . . * . . . , ...... 1897

Sat*h Catne , , , . , . . , . , , ...... , 1897

Bertha Clark. , , , , * ...... , . . . . 1897

Bettie Field. , . . , . . * , . , . , * . . * , 1897

Rebecca Gibson...... , . . . . 1897 Virginia Green. , , , , . . , ...... 1897

Noville Harris, ...... , , 1897

Stlla Haell. , . . . , . , ...... 1897 Alice Hunter...... 1897 Maggie Mahon, * ...... 1897

Carrie Padgitt...... , . . , . . . . 1897 Mary Walsh, . , ...... 1897 Sadie Clark ...... 1898

Elizabeth Field , * , . , . . . , . , . . , , . . 1898

Miss McAfee . . . . . , . . , . . . . , , . , . . 1898

Miss Padgitt, . , ...... , ...... 1898 Miss Sterett. . . , ...... 1898 Miss Barton . , , *, . * , , ...... , .1900

Marie Carter, , . . . . , . . . , ...... , 1900

Miss Fentress , , . . , . , . , , , . . . . , . . 1900 Sallie Belle Flippen. . , ...... 1900

Franchel Smith. , , * . . . * , * * * . * . . * * 1900

Flora Webster ...... , , . . , . 1900

Olive Word...... , , * * . ., , . . 1900 Shirley Collins , ...... 1903 Dorothy Connor, , ...... 1903

Bessie Green...... , . , . . . , . . , 1903 Katherene Morrow. , , , . . . , . , ...... 1903 Johnetta Armstrong, , ...... 1904 Ruby Blake...... 1904

Earle Clark . , , . , . . . , , . , ...... 1904

Genevieve Gannon, . . . . . , . . . , ...... 1904 Lillie Tennison ...... 1904 Roberta Coke. . . , . , ...... 1905 Florence Bookhout . . , , ...... , . . . 1905

Paula Dunn, ...... , . . , , . .1905

Mabel Flemming. , . . , , . . , ...... 1905 Edith Everman . . . . . , ...... 1906 Blossom Morrow, , . . , ...... 1906 84

APPENDIX E --Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Margaret Perkins...... , 1906 Brooksie Smith. , . . * . , . . , . . . , , . , 1906 Lila Tennison ...... * 1906 Margaret Adams...... 1907 Lizzie Mae Connor ...... 1907 Katherine Dennis...... 1907 Sarah Duke...... 1907 Ethel Evans ...... 1907 Ethel Hughes...... 1907 Alice Lane...... 1907 Charlotte Padgitt ...... 1907 Anna Sumpter...... 1907 Mamie Williams...... 1907 Florence Carter ...... 1908 Louise Murphy ...... 1908 Ida La Prelle ...... 1908 Valerie Schoellkopf ...... 1908 Velma Willingham...... 1908 Myra Fallon ...... 1909 Dollie Hobson ...... 1909 Julia Hughes. . 1909. . . Marie Irvine.*. .f . .t t ft ...... 1909 ft ft . . ft . . , 1909Lottie Johnson. . . .f.t. . ft - ft - . t .t. 1909Jessie Lee Rembert. . f ft a

Fannie Scollard . . - ...... f ft ft 1909 Linda Spence. f ft . ft . - . . . . f . . . .1909 Sadie Webb. ft t t t f f ft .t ...... 1909 Ella Dewees Cochran f ft -f - - ...... 1910 Margery Groce ft ft f ft f . .tt . . . . .1910 Laura Hughes f - - f - f . ft * ...... 1910 Adele Irwin... .t.t . . . .,1910 f . . . 1910 Grace McDonough ...... f f . f ft . .D. 1910 Henrietta Poyntz. -. ft ......

Lillian Poyntz. .. -. . .ft . . ft ft f . . . . 1910 Marion Wakefield. . ft ft .t . ft . .t .0 .. 1910 Love Craycroft. ft ft.t ft . ft ...... 1911 ft . .. . .a 0 . .1911Ireline Dewitt... ft. .

Frances Jalonick. ft ft . . . ft . .. ft . . . . 1911 Marian Lane# ...... 1911 Kathleen Moroney. . ft ...... ft . ft .#. . 1911 Marie Murphy...... ft ft . t .aft . . . 1911 Willie Newbury...... f f. . f . 1911 Jane Robinson . . . f ...... 1911 Margaret Scruggs...... ft ft . ft ft . . . 1911 Katherine Smith ...... 1911 85

APPENDIX E -- Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

. . .t ftRoberta . Wright. f 9 . 9 .t . . f t . . 1911 f f . f . . . 1912 . .t ft Inez . Brooks. ft .f . . . * . . 1912 . . f .Isabel. Cardenf . .. . f . . ft .t . . , 1912 . . . .tAurelia f Cockrell..t . t . t ft . . f . . 1912 . Sarah Cockrell.0 t t ft t t . . . t Adele.t t Epperson.t .t . S ft . f . . . 1912

f f. .f .f 1912 * f . .t Marie.t Everman.t 9 .a . . . . . 1912 .f . 9 Alberta.t f Fetterly9 9. ft . , . , 1912 . . f . Scottaft Goodwin.. t . 9 . 9 . . . t . . * . . 1912 . 9 Ruthft . Hawes. .: . . . . . f . 1912 . . .t Grace. 9 Jalonick..t 9 . . ft . . . 9 f . . 1912 . 0Corrine 9 9 . Kelley,.t .t . f. 9 , . 1912 . . . Lelandft . Lauve.. f . . . . . f f f . . 1912 . f f fFrances 9 Maroney9 f . f...... Katherine. 9 f McLaurin.. . . f . 9 . . . 1912 1912 . ft f Katherine9 9 . Miller.. f ...... Ruth9 . Ralstont 9. . . . .tf . . 0 f . . . . 1912 f , . * . 1912 . . t Elma. .Rosser. . . . ft . 9 . . 1912 . . . Ritaft 9 Scollard. f ..9 . f . . . 1912 . . t Helen.t . Smith9 . f ft t f . f . a . . . 1912 .9 . . Helen9 . Thompson.. . f f ft 9 . . ft . Marjorieft f Wakefibld.. f . 9 9 t . . 1912 . . ft . t ft . f 9 f t f . . 1912 Anne Wright f...... 9Frances Buell.t .t . .ft . . f f . . , 1913 t9 ft t Josephine. f Cockrell.9 f . . f . . . 1913 . . . Florence9 .t . Claiborne.ft 9 .t f . . . 1913 . 9 . Dorothyft .a Craycroftf ft 9 9 9 . . . . * 1913 . . 9 Sarah6 .Hobson.t .t f ...... 1913 * . t Louiset 9 Hughes. . . f 9 ft f t .t . . . . 1913 . t ft Lucille. . Perkins. . .t ft . 9 . . 1913 . 9 .t Mildred. Volk,.ft .t . . ft . . . 1913 .ft .t .t Ruth. Carter...... t f . . 1 914 . Gordon Conway . # t ft ft . . 9 9 . . . . 1914 s . Grace Dexter. . ft . f t . 9 * 1914 f . t Kathleent ft Doran.9 f 9 9 f . . . f 1914 f ft . Lucile9 . Hughes..,.,.. . . f . * , 1914

.t ft Margaretft .t Page9 .t. . S .t ft . ft .t . . . 1914

Elizabethft . Robinson..t . .t .t .t 9 . . ft .t . . . 1914

. ftKathleen .t .t Sabin..t .t ft .t 9 .t ft . . 1914 ft f . . Lena9 Tenison...... 9 . . . 1914

f 1914 f ft ft .t Dorothyft ftWright. . . . f . t .

f Lucy9 ft Cokeft ., f .tft ft .t t . .t 9 . 1915 . 0 .0.0. . 0. 0 . 4. .0 .0 . 0. 1915 Gladysft ftMatson ft ft, . 0 ft #9 t ft f ft ft1915

. . 9 Mary. Hunterf . Platter9 f . . . . 1915 . . ft Aliceft Roberta9 .t . .t.f. .t . f f . 1915 86

APPENDIX E --Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Inet Thomas, - - ,* ft ft .t .t .t ft .t ft 1915 Frances White. . *. ft ft .t .t ft .t ft 1915 Elizabeth Chambers . . .t .t .t .t ft ft .t ft .t ,t 1919 Margaret Foat,. . . . .t ft ,t ft ,t ft ,t ft ,t 1919 Anna Louise Higgins. ft ,t ft ft ft .t .t ,t ft 1919 Mildred Jackson. . ft ,t .t .t ft ft .t ft ft 1919 Estelle Lett ...... t .t ft .t .t ,t .t ft ft .t 1919 Louise Lett...... ft .t ft ft .t ft ,t .t 1919 Mary Victoria McReynolds ft .t ft ft .t .t ft ft ft .t 1919 Isabelle . . ft ft ft .t ft Miller. .t .t ft ft 1919 Alice Nicholson. . . . ft ft ft ft ft .t ft ft 1919 Alma Shanks...... ft ft ft ft .t ft ft ft .t 1919 Edna Mae Starling..0.0.0 ft .t ft .t ft 1919 Maud Emily Tenison.. ft .t ft ft .t .t ft ft ft 1919 ft ft .t ft Frances Thompson . . . a ft ft ft ft .t ft 1919 ft .t ft ft .t Ed Dela Wright . .a . .t ft ft 1919 .t ft ft ft ft Dorothy Baker. .I ft .t . . . . .a ft .t ft .I .a 1920 Anne Coke...... ft ft .t ft .I.t ft ft ft .t 1920 .t.0 Johnnie V. Hughes. .S ft .t ft ,t .Sft .t .t 1920 ft.I ft Fredna Jackson . . .S .a .t .t ft .t .t .t 1920 .t,I .t .a Florine Kemp . . . . .S .a .t ft ft ft .t ft .t 1920 .I .t .I Martha Pew . . . . .S .I ,t ft .I ,a .t 1920 .I ft ft .t .I Elizabeth Vardell. . . .t .S .I ft ft .t .t .t 1920 .I .t .I .aft .I Helen Belo . o . . .I .I .t .t .t .t .t 1921 .t ft.I .a .I .I Cusseta Beaton . . . . .I .t ft .t ft ft .t ft .t 1921 .t .I .t Jessiebelle Barry. . . .S .I a .I ft .t .t .t .t .t 1921 .t .I .t .a Anne Cockrell. . . .I .a ft .t ft .t ft ft .t 1921 ft .Ift Grace Hapgood...... S .t ft .t ft .t .t ft ft 1921 Eunice Henry .t .t ft . . . . .S.t .a .I .t .I.t .t .S .t 1921 Hattie Smith Higginbotham ft .t .t ft .t .t ft .I.t .I .S .a .I .t 1921 Alice Randall. . . ft .t ft .t ft .t .t .t ft ft 1921 ft ft.I ft .S Georgia Riddle ...... S .I .t ft .$ I ft .t .t ft 1921 .t .t ft .I .t Vivian Rodgers . . . .I ft .I .U .t .t .t .t ft 1921 Gretchen .t .t Thomas. . ft .t .t.I .a .I .t ft .t .t 1921 Marjorie Williamson. .I ,t .I .I .t .t ft ft ft .t 1921 ft .t .t Joan Cleaver . . . .t .I.t ft .I ,a .t ft .t 1922 Helen .t ft ft Delaney. . . .S ft .S .I .I ft ft 1922 Adelia Greiner .t .t ft . . . .t .I .t 1922 Mary Frances Hall. .S ft .t ft .a .t ft .t 1922 Susan Higgins. . . . S .I ft .t ft .a ft .t .t 1922 Rosemary Kane. . . . ft .t .t .a .t .t .t 1922 Evelyn Lucas . . . .I .t .t .t .t ft 1922 Eugenia Moore.. . . .U .0 .a .t .t .t 1922 Kathryn Pittman. . . .t 1922 Julia Rosser ...... 1922 Sara Thompson, . .. 10 . t f ft ft ft t f f f 1922 87

APPENDIX E -- Continued Debutantes Presentation Year

. 9 9 9 9 . . . 1922 Isabel Wakefield. .f. 9 a .t .t a . .t . 9 9 Margaret Blankenship. 9 . . 1923 .t .t 9.t . 9 9 9.t 9 . . Mary Anna Gibson * . ft 9 . . 1923 9 S .t * .t 9ft f .t S 9 9 . . a Pinta Huff.. . 9 f 1923 S a * . 9 f 9 * Louise Kribs. . . .ta .t 9 . * 1923 a . .t f 9 Frances Luna. . . .. a 9 a.t . . . 1923 9 .ta . 9 Dorothy Miliken . .t . . 9 9 9 9 . . 1923 9 . . ft 9 f Peggy Philp . .99.9.99 ft .t .t .t9 . . 1923 a.t . 9 9 f Yvonne Sabin. . . . a a .t . *a . 1923 .t ,t .t 9 . 9 .t 9 * Keith Louise Small. . a 9 9 .t . . 1923 ft .t a * 9 9 . 9 9 Dorothy Volk . . . . a a a . . 1923 9 .t Josephine Bigger. . . a 9 9 . 9 9 .t . . 1924 a ,t ft 9 . . * 1924 Laura Burgher . . .. a a .t .t a . 9 ft 9 .t . 9 . . 1924 Elizabeth Buell . . . 9. a 9 9 9 . . . 9 f . . 1924 Mary Felder . . . . .t . S .t 9 .t . . f . 9 . 9 . 1924 Claire McDonough. . . .t .t 9.t S S 9 9 9 .t . . . 1924 Alice Pratt . ft . ... .t Sft 9 a S ft . 9 9 f 9 . . . 1924 Mary Olive Puterbaugh .t 9 9 S ,S .t . . 9 , , . . . 1924 Frances Staten. . . . .aa ft a9 9 S S 9 ft .a Isabel BroWn...... a.t 9 .a.t f 9 . . . 1925 a .*.t .S .S.t9 S 9 .t 9 . * . Betty Chase . . . 9 .9. .aft S .aI . 1925 a .a .a .I9 . . 9 9 Gertrude Flippen Gaston a a.t .t .t . t . . 1925 .t .I .a .aa ,S S ,t 9 9 9 . . Ellen Felder. . . . a.a .t 9 9 * 1925 .t ft .t .t S .S .S ,a .I Roberta Ray . . . .a .t9 9I ft 9 . . * 1925 .S .S .aft .Ia . ft . ft 9 . Mary Thorne . . . . .a .t9 .t . 1925 .S .I .a9 S , .I 9 .t . . * * 1926 Zelva Compton . . . . .a.t S .t .a .a,t . * f . .a . . 9 * . 1926 Loretta Delaney . . . . .a9 S.t 9 .a9 .I .aS.t .a S ft 9 ft 0 1926 Dorothy Exline. . . . 9 .a.t .I a a.t .a9.t 9 f 9 9 . . . 1926 Elizabeth McEachern . . .a a a .a .I .a . 9 .t . . . 9 9 1926 Joel Waggoner . 9 . 9. S 9 .a ,a S.I .a t . . . f 9 . . Margaret Armstrong. 9 9 1927 .a .aI .S .a .a . . . f f . . . Dell Bacon9 . . 9 . .f. 9 1927 .a .a .a .a 9 f 9 f f . . . 1927 Frances Bacon . . 9 9. .S .a 9 .a .a .I Winifred Baker. . . . . ft 9 .t 9 . 1927 .a .SI .a .S .a Margaret Brown. * . . S ft f . . . . . 1927 .a .a S .a .S Prudence Corley ...... 9 9 . . . 1927 .a S .a .a Frances Cullinan . . . . 9 f a . f 9 . 1927 .a a Mary Frances Flanary. t 0 f a 9 . 9 . . 1927 Louise Foster . . * . . 9 0 .t 9 . 9 . 1927 Anne Harley . . . . 9 9 ft . 9 . f 1927 Martha Mildred Harral 9 . ft . f . 9 1927 . . 9 9 Mary Hobson . ft 9 .0 . . . . 1927 Irene Stromeyer . . 9 9 . ft . . . 1927 9 ft 9 9 . . . . 1927 Mary Olive Titterington . 9 9 9 .t 88

APPENDIX E --Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Mary Katherine Thomas...... 1927 Leila Vardell...... 1927 Margaret Andrews ...... 1928 MarthaCaruthu...... 1928 Anne riddd u ...... 1928 Mona Mai Cranfill...... 1928

An De1&net. . . . . * * * * * . . , . . . . 1928 Marion Doolittle...... 1928 BillieFergusonu ...... 1928 Christina Forrester ...... 198 Sallie Bell Gaston...... 1928 Roberta Haughton...... 1928 Ellen Lanham...... 1928 CatherineLytle l...... 1928 Catherine Russell...... 1928 Tillie Tucker...... 1928 Gertrude Aldredge ...... 1929 Mary Cox ...... 1929 Mary Catherine Crozier...... 1929 Edna May Gifford . .6990..... 99 9 .1929 JosephineeHughes ...... 1929 Elsie Nicholson...... 0...... 9 .1929 BillieSmith t...t...... 1929 Lousie Smith ...... 1929 ElizabethhStemmons$ .... 4...... 1929 Betty Timmis.i.o ...... 1929 Mary Lewise Carpenter. 9 * * * * ...... 1930 DorothyCraddock ...... 1930 Frances DeBogory0. *99*99.#9. 9* 9 .1930 Betty Denning...... 1930 Margaret Farrar...... * . . . . . 1930 Evaline Griffithsith...... 1930 Alice Tiller Harral. ... a...... 1930 Marjorie Mailloti ...... 1930 Lorene Myers ...... 1930 Brooksie Smith. *...... 1930 Ione Taber...... 1930 Tip Wharton...... 1930 DorothyAustins ...... 1931 Elizabeth Bacon...... * * * . 1931 NancyBoggess...... 1931 Elizabeth Brown...... 1931 GeorgieaCary ...... 1931 Frances Callier...... 1931 89

APPENDIX E --Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Helene Gales, , , * ,1? Sa 1931 Mardert* Gifford. . 4 " . . ft . . . - 1931 Eleanor Lancaster ...... 1931 . . Peggy . 0 .0 Lingo * * . .a ft 0 1931 Margaret Moore. . . . " . ft . . ft . 1931 Virginia Perkins. . . ft f . ft .S . 1931 Elizabeth Samuell.. . . t . . .t . 1931 Kathleen Talley . ft . a . 1931 ft Ann Brown ...... -. .t . -I . 1932 Isabel Cranfill - . I. . ft -a . 1932 .t Sally Dunlop. . - - - " . ft . .t -I 0 1932 Jessie Fisher . . " .t . 1932 Hanna Frank # . " a . ft . 1932 Claudia Heard . a . ft . . 1932 * . . Virginia Holland. ft . ft 1932 Kathryn Jester. . a -a . -. * 1932 Annetta Robirtson " I a . -. 1932 .t Cefttahn& ^Skannon a . ft 1932 Betty Sniffin-.-0-0- a . ft . . 1932 .t Maybeth Thompson*.0 a a ft -I 1932 Nancy Wright *.- - 0 . a . $932 .t Rowena Aldredge * - * a f -a " -I - ft ft 1933 Mary Blakeney - -. . . . ft " -S . . 1933 La Vonne Compton. a f -a " S 1933 Mary Cummings . a ft . .' -S. ft 1933 Lucy Jo Davis . f ft f " a -I ft . 1933 Rachael Dougherty.# . .t f " -I 1933 ft . Betty Edwards . . . . 1933 . ft Frances Folsom. . . . . ft -I 1933 . ft Mary Josephine Greer. a a - 1933 Jannet Kendall..o* . . . . . 1933 Martha Walcott..** . . . . . 1933 Frances Elizabeth Bentley . -. 1fl4935 Mary Stewart Burgher*- ft 1934-1935 Martha Davis. * -#. - ft . -I . . 1934-1935 Margaret Jane Dowling ft .I . -. 1934-1935 Ann Rebecca Folsom. . . 1934-1935 Frances Francis . . . - .I . -.. 1934-1935 Mabel Hamilton...... I ft 1934-1935 Ann Catherine Holland -S 1934-1935 Virginia Louise Marvin. -S 1934-1935 Margaret Maxson - . . . - -S 1934-1935 Dorothy Lane Newsome.e-0-a S 1934-1935 Juanita Skiles Smith - -S 1934-1935 90

APPENDIX E --Continued Debutantes Presentation Year Margaret Claire Taber. " . 9 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 .a 1934-1935 Lillian Earle Wilson " 9 9 9 ...... a 1934-1935 Frances Bartlett ... . a 9 . 9 9 . 9 9 . .a 1935-1936 Hattie Ford Bassett. . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 . 1935-1936 Willie Ford Bassett. " 9 . 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 1935-1936 Mary Stewart Carrell " 9 . . 9 . 9 9 9 .a 1935-1936 Jane Crawford. . " 9 9 9 a . 9 . 9 . .a 1935-1936 Topsy Dougherty. . " a . . a . . 9 . 9 9 9 1935-1936 Mildred Highes . . " 9 a . 9 . . . 9 9 .9 1935-1936 Kalita Humphreys . 9 9 . . 9 9 . 9 . 9 9 . 1935-1936 Shirley Lege . a 9 . . . . 9 9 . . 9 9 . . 1935-1936 Eudora Longmoor. . a a . . 9 9 .9 a 9 6 . 1935-1936 Carolyn Padgitt. . " 9 a 9 9 . 9 . . 9 .9 1935-1936 Claire Tucker. a 9 9 6. 9 . . . . a 9 9 1935-1936 Margaret Beck. . " 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 9a 1936-1937 Dorothy DeGolyer 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 , . 1936-1937 Virginia DeGolyer. 9 9 9 ...... a 1936-1937 a 9 99 . 9. . Frances Dyckman. " 9 9 9 193$-1937 Kathryn Holland. .. " 9 a 9 a a a 9 6 9 9 a 1936-1937 Sara Jenkins . . . . * . . 9 . 9 6 . 9 . 9 .9 1936-1937 Betty Lord . . . 1936-1937 Virginia Russ. 1936-1937 Elizabeth Quinlan. . 1936-1937 Dorothy Cockrell . . - 1937-1938 Adele Conway Mills a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . a 1937-1938 Cornelia Thompson. . 9 . . . 9 9 9 . 6 . . .9 1937-1938 Virginia Woodward. 1937-1938 Elma Allen ...... 1938-1939 Alice Smith Boggess. 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 1938-1939 Nancy Cockrell . . 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 , 9 9 9 9 9 1938-1939 c*nhu . a 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 Ebeling. a 6 9 - 9 9 . . 9 9 9 . 1938-1939 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 9 Lucy Evans 99 r.,- 1938-1939 Patsy Gannon . . . . a 9 9 9 9 a a 9 9 9 9 6 1938-1939 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 9 9 9 Betty Lewis. - . -. " 9 1938-1939 Genevieve Majors . . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 9 1938-1939 Margatet-MUkbR, 9 a 9 9 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 9 . a ,a ." .a .a ,a ,a ,a ,a .aa 1938-1939 " 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Mary Vaughn Montgomery . .a .a .a .U .a .I .a .a .a .S .S " 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 1938-1939 Martha 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Jane Moore. . . a .a .S .a .U .S .a .a .a .a.a -a. 1938-1939 Frances Moss a 9 9 9 9 a a 6 9 9 9 a . . . . " a * .a .a .a .a .U .a .a .a .a 1938-1939 Frances " 6 9 9 9 a a 9 9 9 9 9 Pope . . . . . a a ." .a .a .a ,a ,a ,a.a .a 1938-1939 Josephine Rochelle 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 9 , a .a .a .a .a .a ,a ,a .a ,aaa 1938-1939 Elizabeth Thomas . . . .a .a ," ,a .a .a .a ,a ,a .a .a 1938-1939 Geils Thomson. , . 1938-1939 Elizabeth Weichsel . 1938-1939 Peggy Lou Wilson . . 1938-1939 91

APPENDIX E -- Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Betty Wright. . . -- I I I 1938-1939 Mary Cameron S Bassett. a S a I 1939-1940 Gertrude Bourne , . 9 S a a 1939-1940 Florence Cary . . 9 9 S * I S 1939-1940 9 Camilla Davis , , , S 9 a I 1939-1940 Nelle 9 * Jordan DeLoache a S S 0 1939-1940 Sally Green , * S S 1939-1940 Dorothy Leachman, S a I 1939-1940 Anne Lewis . a I 1939-1940 a Agnes Schoellkopf I I .S S I 1939-1940 Marianne S.S Touchstone S a I I 1939-1940 Dorothy Arthur,. I 9 I 1940-1941 Lillian Butler. a 9 I I S,S . a 9 1940-1941 Muriel Carr . .6 . ,S -a 9 p 1940-1941 Jean Cockrell .9 I .S .-0 I -I I S .S .S 1940-1941 flairine Compton, . S S I 9 .S I 9 .S .S 1940-1941 -S a Betty I ,S England . 9 . ,S S 1940-1941 a S -S Diana , . I .S Gibbs . . . S .I - a a,S I . I 1940-1941 Sarah Alla Hawley .S -S I ,S .S I a 1940-1941 Judy Jones, ..# . I I .S S I . 1940-1941 9-* Alice Wright. .9 -S ,S .S . . I .a S a I I ,9 I .S 1940-1941 Jerry Jane Wynne, I .I .S S 9 I .S 1940-1941 S ,S I .S .a .I Bette Bettison. , , .S .S .9 .a .9 .S I 1941-1942 Susan Diggle. a . 9 .S I .9 .9 1941-1942 9 a 9 Estelle Ebeling , . .a S S . a I .S ,S 1941-1942 I Kathleen Lord , . 9 I S 1941-1942 . .* Billie McLeod , , . S a 1941-1942 . I Peggy McLeod, * a .S a a I I S 1941-1942 Betty Burgher , .S I I 9 1946-1947 Juliet Nell Carter, S I a U a .S 1946-1947 I Phyllis Exall . . . * 6 1946-1947 S I Mary Adele Grayson, 9 a 1946-1947 Lucretia Hamon,-... 9 I a a * a 1946-1947 Helen Kathryn Kervin, S I 1946-1947 Ann O'Donnell . . I S I S 1946-1947 Sara Penland, . , , I S I 1946-1947 Nancy Ann Smith a a 1946-1947 Evelyn Taylor , I 1946-1947 Peggy Turner. . . S 9 1946-1947 * S Imogen Young Wynne, I Joan 1946-1947 Adams, -, - 1947-1948 Nancy Burrus, . ... I Kay Harrington. 1947-1948 . . 9 1947-1948 Leila Houseman,.- . 1947-1948 92

APPENDIX E --Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Constance Owsley, . , . , , , ...... 1947-1948 Suzanne . Sailer. . - . Beverly . . . - - ., . . . -1947-1948 Smith - - . , Peggy 1947-1948 Black - - . . * 1948-1949 Caroline Brock. - , 1948-1949 Joyce Cox . - - . - 1948-1949 Peggy Ferris. , . . , 1948-1949 Edith Jones .-. -- . . . S Cherrie Perking ...... - . 1948-1949 , , ,a 1948-1949 - . . - . 1949-1950 Bette Bettes, * - - . Julia Ann Dyer. . - 1949-1950 Mimi Key. . .* . - 1949-1950 Bootsie Moroney . . - * -. - - - . . . . 1949-1950 ,1949-1950 Mimi Payne. . . . - - - .- - . - - . . . 1949-1950 Sharon Rubush - - - - . Fredna Barton - . - -- . . . . . 1950-1951 Dorthell Dyer - - -- . 1959-1951 Frances Heard . - Mary Jane Higginbotham- - . . .- . . . 1950-1951 S * . . . -. - -1950-1951 Mary McLain . *.. -- - Suzanne $950-1951 Mosser- . * - 1950-1951 Bennetta Purse. .-* * -. . . . -. .* 1950-1951 - . . - . -1951-1952 Joy Brown . - . -*. - - . . 1951-1952 Betty Butler...... - - . Phyllis Anne Carter - . . . . -. - . .-195141952 Carolyn Craugh. .. Margaret Kervin - . -.. . 1951-1952 . - - -. Mary Margaret Lackey. . * . . .-1951-1952 - . -. 1951-1952 Ann McBee - . . '.0 -4 * S . . . . . * 1951-1952 - . . . - . 1951-1952Mary Jo McCorkle, . - S -. . Marilyn Ray . - - - . - . 1951-1952 Ruth Kin - . . -. * . -1951-1952 Rogers - - . Sarah Sharp - . , - 1951-1952 Gloria Slaughter, -- - - . Mary Ann Bennett,-. .-. -. - -1951-1952 * - . - . , . - . . - . 1952-1953 Joan Bush . , - . - - * , . . -. . ,1952-1953 Mary Grafe, - - . - - . ------* - . 1952-1953 Ann Lafferty-. --...... - - . . - . - . * 1952-1953 Letty Long, .- .*-9 - - -. . . . * 1952-1953 Katherine Callaway.-. - - ...... -* 1953-1954 Sally English . - - . .- 1953-1954 Kay Keoun . * . . S -. - -. . . .* . 1953-1954 - . - - - - 1953-1954Barbara Meredith, - . Mary Ellen Neale, - 1953-1954 93

APPENDIX X -- Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Julie Ann Hudson. , -.*. , 9 a 9 1954-1955 Jane Elizabeth Key. . 4 . 9 1954-1955 Mildred Elaine Nettle - S 9 9 1954-1955 Eva Jane Potter ...., I * I 1954-1955 Annis Jeannette Singleton 9 I 1954-1955 Agnes Sandra Bacon. - a 9 1955-1956 Barbara Burgher . . . . . 1955-1956 Margaret Ann Duckett. , . .9 I I 1955-1956 a Nancy Wright Matthews . . 9 .9 1955-1956 Margaret Ann Otis , -. a 1955-1956 Dorothy Adair Schneider .9 1955-1956 Ann Lee Suggs . . . . S I I '4955-1956 Zelva Compton Warner, . I 9 -9 9 1955-1956 Harriet Boedeker,. .# . I 9 a S 1956-1957 Lucille Ann Constantin. 9 1956-1957 Wayne LeMay Crawford,. a .9 1956-1957 Joe Alice Fisher. . . a a .9 .9 9 1956-1957 9 S 9 Gigi Guiberson. . . -9 9 - - 9 1956-1957 Ann Delaney 9 .9 -9 Guthrie . . I - * a 1956-1957 9 9 .9 9 Ann Shepard Lingo . I - U 9 1956-1957 9 Be**y Moss Olmsted. . S .9 .9 1956-1957 Alice Elizabeth Slater. . .9 9 .9 S 9 -9 1956-1957 .9 9.9 -9 9 Patricia Anne Swift . , a 9 1956-1957 Mona Cranfill Campbell. .9 S -9 9 9 9 1957-1958 Geneva Katherine Caraway. U9 a .9 9.9 9 1957-1958 Ann Tenison Hereford.-* 9 -9 U -9 1957-1958 Margaret Lutetia Hightower. 9 U 9 a S 9.9 -9 1957-1958 Margaret Ellen Jonsson. 9 9 9 1957-1958 Nancy Lynne Murrell - - . U 9 1957-1958 Mary Alexandra Pabst, 9 -9 1957-1958 Evaline Griffiths Weichsel- 9 9 1957-1958 Patricia Margaret Bywaters. a $ 1958-1959 a Evelyn Carroll Cary - 9 S 1958-1959 Loretta Ann Dennard - a S 1958-1959 Adelaide Elizabeth Fuller 9 1958-1959 Allison Kathleen Galt a . - - 9 9 1958-1959 Carolyn Gene Higginbotham a a 9 1958-1959 Louise Snow Phinney . 9 1958-1959 Lynn Ramsey...... 9 I 1958-1959 . . .-. Betty Simmons- - 9 I 1958-1959 Caro Edwards Alexander, 1959-1960 Amy Weichsel Campbell 1959-1960 Sarah Seay Campbell - 1959-1960 Patricia Diana Hawn V - 1959-1960 94

APPENDIX B --Continued Debutantes Presentation Year

Gertrude Gaston Jackson. a I ,1959-1960 0 Joyce Adrienne McNamara. a a 1959-1960 0 S MIty Lynn McNamara ..o.o.s 0 1959-1960 S S Ella Patricia Nelson .. e 0 I 1959-1960 S S I Margaret Ballentine Seay 1959-1960 a I Bonnie Ruth Buchanan . I 196-1961 Marcia Manry Fuller. . . $ S 1960-1961 I I Shannon Harrison . . . S a S 1960-1961

Joan Brooke Reeves . . I.S 1960-1961 0. a Sally Rhodus ...... 0 1960-1961 I .0 S0 Pamela Landon Agee . . .S 1961-1962 I . S S.S 0 0.S Jane Austin...... S 1961-1962 .S .S Judy Austin, . . . . .S S.S * 1961-1962 I .0 S .SS Julia Ella Boren * * . . . .S a I 1961-1962 0 .S 0 I 0 Emily Elizabeth Byars. .S S.0 S 1961-1962 I.S 0 .S Elizabeth Neall Grinnan, .S .S 1961-1962 0.0 .S .S Patricia Ann Lubben. . 0 a 1961-1962 S a .0 0 ,S Evalyn Walsh McLean. .S 1961-1962 S 0.S .S S.S Janet Wayne jSpencer. . . .S 1961-1962 S .0 I .6 I .S Myrtie Conway Rawlins. . I .S I 1961-1962 .S .S S.S Catherine Blaffer, * . S S.S 1962-1963 .S .S .* Camilla Blaffer. * . . . .S 1962-1963 . S.S .0 S .S Georgia Brower . . . . I .0 1962-1963 S .S .S S Eleanore Brower, * * * I 1962-1963 ,S 0 .S 0 Sue Brown. *. . . . . S 0 1962-1963 S S .0 S. Diane Buchanan * . * * . .S 1962-1963 S.S S.S S.S .S Margaret Chilton . . . .S 1962-1963 I.S .S 0 S.S Margaret Cullum, . . . I.S 0 1962-1963 0 S I.S Margaret Golden, . . .. . a I .S 1962-1963 .S S a I.S Kathleen Lingo . . . . I.S S .* .S 1962-1963 .S a a .S Virginii Maxon . * . . . * .S .S 1962-1963 .0 S S Mary McClain ...... 0 .S .S I 1962-1963 Rachel Pabst * * * * * . .S .S 0 .S S 1962-1963 Penny Percy...... S a 1962-1963 Margaret Simmons * . , 1963-1963 Alice Janet DeSanders. 1963-1964 Sue Madeline DeSanders 1963-1964 Barbara Eugene Galt. . 1963-1964 Rena Rozelle Goodson . 1963-1964 Margaret Manning Grinnan 1963-1964 Martha Lou Hester, *. . 1963-1964 Judith Kaye Kadane ,. . 1963-1964 Dorothy Margaret Key . . 1963-1964 Polly Lou McAdams, . , . * 1963-1964 95

APPENDIXBE

Debutantes Presentation Year

Martha Candace McCarty. . .t .t ft ft .t 1963-1964 Carol Belknap Owen. . . .t ft ft ft .t 1963-1964

LynoWaggoner...... ft .t .t .t ft 1963-1964

Penny Lee Youngblood. . ft ft ft ft .t 1963-1964 Anna Harvwy Brbiitetd . . .t ft .t ft .t 1964-1965 Carolyn Burton Campbell . ft ft ft ft ft 1964-1965 Pamela Gretchen Carter. ft ft .t ft 1964-1964 ft Dorothy Louise Dalton . . .t ft ft ft $644$945 .t Carol Harrison. . * . . . ft ft ft ft 1964-1965 ft Lyda Hunt Hill...... t ft ft ft 1964-1965 ft Mary Lytle McDonough. . . ft ft ft .t 1964-1965 .t Gwen Elizabeth Robertson. .t .t .t .t 1964-1965

Susanna Moss Ryburn . ..0. .t ft ft .t .t 1964-1965

Virginia Wallace Savage ft ft ft 1964-1965 ft ft Elizabeth Exall Stewart . ft ft 1964-1965 .t ft ft Evalyne Wynne Chilton ft 1965-1966 ft .t ft ft Ellen Robertson Miller. . ft 1965-1966 .t .t Betty Anne Sanford. . . . ft .t .t 1965-1966 .t .t Elise Thayer...... ft .t ft 1965-1966 .I .t ft Gails Adoue Todd. . . . ft ft ft 1965-1966 ft ft .t Lou Ellen Christian Wilson. .I ft ft 1965-1966 ft ft ft S Elizabeth Read Alexander. .I .t .a ft 1966-1967 ft ft a Nancy Helen Breard. . . ..s ft.S .t .I ft 1966-1967 ft.I ft Nancy Pauline Cantwell. ft .t .t 1966-1967 .t ft.I Mary Diane Kadane . . . . ft.I ft .t 1966-1967 .t ft Marian Lane Newsome . . ft ft ft ft 1966-1967 .I .t ft Ann Elizabeth Penson. . . .t ft .t.I 1966-1967 .S .t ft Katharine Stirling Pitman ft ft .t.S 1966-1967 ft ft Barbara Jane Post . . . . .t ft ft 1966-1967 ft ft Celia Katharine Roberts . ft ft ft 1966-1967 .t ft Mary Luisa Sailer . . f . ft ft ft 1966-1967 .t ft Alice Cynthia Simkins . . .t ft ft 1966-1967 .t ft Cheryl Christina Campbell ft ft ft 1967-1968 ft ft Sondra Jane Grady . . . . ft ft .t 1967-1968 .t ft Joie Elizabeth Honea. . . ft ft .t 1967-1968 ft ft Pamela Irene Hyden. . . ft ft ft ft 1967-1968 .t ft Marion Susan Pierce . . . ft ft ft 1967-1968 ft .t Kathy Riggs ...... ft .t ft 1967-1968 ft ft Marialice Sue Shivers . . ft 1967-1968 ft .t ft ft Brooke Thompson . . . . . ft 1967-1968 ft .t .t Sherod Anne Yancey. . ft ft 1967-1968

Martha Carol Bright . . ft ft ft ft ft 1968-1969

Hannah Davis. . ft ft . . .f ft ft .t 1968-1969

Sally Duncan Grenier. . . .t 1968-1969 96

APPENDIX R --Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Carla McKinney. . . . . 0 a 1968-4969 Carol Ann Taylor. . .,. a 9 9 1968-1969 Melinda Wynne Thompson. a S 1968-1969 Leslie Danielle Varel .9 0 0 S a 1968-1969 Nina Boggess Works. . 0 0 S . 0 1968-1969 Mary Susan Mack . . . . 9 0 0 0 a 0 1969-1970 Linda Karen Otis. . . . 0 0 9 0 0 9 1969-1970 Joan McKamy Skelton . . I 0 S 0 0 0 1969-1970 Janet Taylor...... 0 0 S 1969-1970 Sarah Wilson. . . . S 9 9 1969-1970 Dolly Celeste Altgelt . 0 0 0 0 9 a 1970-1971 Pamela McKamy Caldwell. 9 0 9 0 a 1970-1971 Meredith Lou Ellis. . 9 9 S * 9 1970-1971 Monica Lane Ellis , . .I 0 9 1970-1971 0 Ariail Lee Fischer. .I a 0 .I S 1970-1971 Mary Pauline Heller . . . 0 0.9 S .a 1970-1971 Alinda Hunt Hill. . . . 9 0 I 0.9 0 0 1970-1971 Kathleen Lynda S 9 0 Humphreys. .S 1970-1971 Laureen Lynne Bumphreys S .* a .I 0 1970-1971 Lisa Patricia Little. . S 0 S .0 .S 9 1970-1971 Alecia Sue Paschall I .0 ,9 .S 1970-1971 Lucy Largent I 0 I I S Rain . S S .a .S .I 0.S .0 1970-1971 Allison 9 .0 Alexander . . . a .0 .I .a 9 90 0 1971-1972 Sally Hudson Blalock. 0 0 0 9 .9 .0 .I 1971-1972 Martha Jackson I S 0 Caldwell .0 .S 0 9 1971-1972 Sara Cockrell,*. e. . a * 0 .a 9 1971-1972 Annetta Theresa Frey. S 9 a 0 9 0 S a 1971-1972 Ann Whitney Hyder . 0 0 9 0 I 0 1971-1972 Jennifer Smith Josey. a I 0 0 9 9 0 1971-1972 Kathleen Mary McKamy. 0 a 1971-1972 Alice Amanda Mayhew 0 0 a 9 9 S 1971-1972 Carrol Annelle Noel 0 1971-1972 9 I Read Matthews Penson. I 0 S 0 1971-1972 Victoria Ewing Stewart. 9 I 1971-1972 Joan Kaleta Blaffer . . 9 9 0 0 0 9 1972-1973 Leanna Breeding . . . . 0 0 1972-1973 Nancy Burrow. . . . . a I a 1972-1973 Pamela Campbell..... 0 1972-1973 Helen Buchanan Davis. S U 1972-1973 Pamela Carolyn Dealey 9 a 9 a 1972-1973 Mary Anne Dunlap. . .* S 1972-1973 Constance Rae Henley, 0 I 1972-1973 Rebecca Anne McKamy . . 9 a Judy I 1972-1973 Marie Post . . . 1972-1973 97

APPENDIX B -- Continued

Debutantes Presentation Year

Laura Ann Bayoud...... 1973-1974 Anna Martha Bendetsen . ... 1973-1974 ...... 9 1973-1974 Linda Cockrell. 9 Hay...... 9 1973-1974 Deborah Anne S Ann Jonsson . . . 9 1973-1974 Christina $ Dorothy Davis Kee . . . . . 9 1973-1974 9 . . 9 1973-1974 Virginity Elaine Kohler. S Lindsley. S 1973-1974 Catherine Stevens 9 McCormack . 9 1973-1974 Catharine Marie 9 Linda Perryman...... 0 1973-1974 Averille Adams Browning . . 9 1974-1975 0 Louise Browning * . 9 Kathryn 9 1974-1975 Darla * . . . . 9 Ann Chapman 9 1974-1975 Teresa Ann Haggerty . . . 9 .9 1974-1975 .9 S Rhoda Baylor Harrell . . . S .9 1974-1975 Nan Michele McClain . . . S 9 1974-1975 Regina Eloise Munson. . . . 9 I 1974-1975 Allison Easter Otis . . . . 0 0 1974-1975 Betsy Wilson Beams. . . . . 9 $ 1975-1976 Patricia Ann Bell . . . . . S 1973-1976 Lee Gunn. * ...... S 9 1975-1976 Barbara Ann Hunt...... 1975-1976 9 Bunker Hunt...... 1975-1976 Lyda 9 9 Hilre Lucille Hunt. . . . . 1975-1976 9 Lucy Addison Seeligson Hunter 9 1975-1976 9 McLain Reed ...... 9 1975-1976 Grace S Jeanette Robinson Singleton 9 1975-1976 S Teresa Taylor ...... 1975-1976

*The Dallas Social Advisory Committee, Dallas Social DirectoryJ12T-197 6 ed., (n. p., 1976), p.186-91W BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Sources

Manusc Materials

Personal Archival Collections.

Idlewild Club By-Laws, 1910. Margaret Scruggs Carruth Papers. Dallas Historical Society, Dallas, Texas.

Savage, Virginia, ed. The Deb U. Annual For 1963. Dallas: The Wallace Savaged Publishers., 1963. Wallace Savage Papers in possession of Wallace Savage, Dallas, Texas.

Terpsichorean Club Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Script, 1973. David Wynne Papers in possession of David Wynne, Dallas, Texas.

Organizational Collections.

Calyx Club Collection. Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas.

Dallas Debutante Collection. Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas.

Dervish Club Collection. Dallas Public Library Dallas, Texas.

Idlewild Club Collection. Dallas Public Library Dallas, Texas.

Terpsichorean Club Collection, Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas.

Private Publications.

Sylvan, W. Coleman. The.CalyxClub Directory, 1975-76. Dallas: n. p., n. d.

The Dervish Club Directory 1974-25. Dallass n. p., n. d. Idlewild Ball Program, October 25, 197 n. p., n. d.

Tersichorean- Ball Program, January 17, 196. n. p., n. d. The Dallas Social Directory Advisory Committee. The Dallas Social Directory 1975-1976 ed.; Dallas: n. p., 1976.

98 99

Scrapbook Materials. Miller, Minnie. Minnie Miller Reminicences, Miller Scrap- book Series, Vol. 10. Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas. Evelyn Miller Crowell, Evelyn Miller Crowell Reminicences, Miller Scrapbook Series, Vol. 10. Dallas Public Library, Dallas, Texas.

Correspondence. Gray, Frank M., Grand Saline, Texas to the author, 8 August 1976, 23 June 1977.

Newspapers Beau Monde, 8 October 1898, 6 October 1899.

Dallas Morning News, various dates of clippings in the Dallas Public Library, Minnie Miller Scrapbook Series, Dallas Morning News Library, and on microfilm at the Southern Methodist University Library, 1885-1976. Dallas Times Herald, various dates of clippings in the Dallas Public Library, Minnie Miller Scrapbook Series, and on microfilm at the Southern Methodist University Library, 1949-1976.

Books (Published) Cockrell, Frank M. Histy of Early Dallas. Dallas: Monroe Cockrell, 1944. Grove, Larry. Dallasst1952-1972, Dallas; Crystal Charity Ball Committee, 1972.

Jackson, George. Sixty Years in Texas. Dallas. Wilkinson Printing Company, 1908.

Interviews

Alexander, John A. 1968 Idlewild Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 11 August 1976.

Blalock, Carlisle. 1951 Calyx Club president and 1950 100

Dervish Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 14 July 1977. Bogart, W. Humphrey. 1974 Calyx Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 4 August 1976. Crum, Paul. 1928 Dervish Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 29 June 1977. DeSanders, Janet. Publisher and Editor-in-Chief of Society Section, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 9 August 1976. Draper, Ann. Owner of Party Service 1963-. Dallas, Texas. Interview, 22 July 1976, Telephone interview, 25 July 1977. Elliott, James T., Jr. 1932 Terpsichorean Club president and 1935 Idlewild Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 27 June 1977. Gilbert, Mitch Gray. 1947 Idlewild Club president and 1946 Terpsichorean Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 11 August 1976. Gilbert, Robert, R., Jr. 1935-36 Dervish Club president, Dallas, Texas. Telephone interview, 29 June 1977.

Griffin, Jesse M. "Bill." Calyx Club member, Dallas, Texas. Telephone interview, 25 July 1977.

Hunt, Clay. 1975-76 Dervish Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 13 July 1977. Kinzy, H. Norman. 1975-76 Calyx Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 2 August 1976. Lercer, Blair G. 1976 Idlewild Club president and 1975 Terpsichorean Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 24 June 1977. Neely, Marge (Mrs. Stanley). Party Service owner, 1950- 1955, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 2 August 1976.

Pew, John G. "Jack." 1928 Idlewild Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 25 June 1977.

Pew, Mrs. John G. "Jack." 1928 Dallas Debutante, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 25 June 1977.

Pierce, Charles "Chick," Jr. 1961 Idlewild Club president, 1011

Dallas, Texas. Interview, 13 July 1977.

Prejeanne, Jeanne. Former Dallas Morning News Society Editor, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 13 August 1976.

Royall, John Richard. 1960 Idlewild Club president and 1959 Calyx Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 12 August 1976. Savage, Wallace. 1940 Dervish Club president, Dallas, Texas, Interview, 18 July 1977.

Schoellkopf, Hugo William, III. 1970 Idlewild Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 5 August 1976. Spencer, Nelson Hunter. 1976 Idlewild Club president and 1971 Calyx Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 2 August 1976.

Thompson, Robert Coleman. 1975 Idlewild Club president and 1976 Terpsichorean Club president Dallas, Texas. Interview, 11 August 1976. Underwood, George Milton, III. 1972 Idlewild Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 3 August 1976. Voss, Lanier (Mrs. Dan). Party Service owner from 1956 to 1963, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 21 June 1977. Wynne, Angus G. III. 1966 Terpsichorean Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 14 September 1976. Wynne, David E. 1973 Terpsichorean Club president, Dallas, Texas. Interview, 28 June 1977.

Secondary Works

Books.

Barney, Robert Owen. The Romantic Story of Dallas. Dallas: n. p., 1948. Brown, John Henry. History of Dallas County, 1837-188' Dallas: Milligan, Cornet, and Farmham, 1887. Clary, Margaret, ed. Dallas Blue Book. Dallas: Margaret Clarey, 1929-1940. Dallas SocialRegister. Dallas: Dallas Zest Publishing 102

Company, Inc., 1941.

Dallas Unit of Texas Writers' Project of the Works Project Administration. Dallas Guide and History. American Guide Series, part 3, 1940.

Dealey, Ted, Diaper Days of Dallas. Dallass Southern Methodist University Press, 1966. Greene, A. C. Dallas: The Deciding Years. Austins Encino Press, 1973. 0 A Place Called Dallas. The Pioneering Years of a Continuin Metropolls, The Dallas County Heritage STc ety, Inc., 1975. Harris, Henry Camp. Dallas Acorn Planters of Yesteryear. n. p., n. d. Howard, James. Big D is for Dallas. Austin: n. p., 1957.

Jones, Ted. Dallas. Dallas: Lamar and Barton, 1925. Kimball, J. F. Our City Dallas The Kessler Plan Association of Dallas, 1909.

Lindsley, Philip, A History of Greater Dallas and Vicnty Vol, II. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Co., 1909.

Rogers, John William. The Lusty Texan of Dallas. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1960.

Santerre, George Henry. Dallas First Hundred Years. Dallas: Book Craft, 1956. Social Register of Dallas. Social Register of Dallas. Dallas: n. p., 1953.

The Standard Blue Book of Texas 1912-14. Dallas. A. J. Peeler and Company, 1911. Walker, Stanley. The Dallas Story, Dallass The Dallas Times Herald, i956.

, Texas. New York: Viking Press, 1962.

Warren, Leslie. Dallas Public and Private. New York: Grossman, PuliT9ZesTT-.

Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield Massachusetts. 103

G. and C. Merriam Company, 1973.

Wilson, Carl L., and Loomis, Walter E. Botany. New York: Rinehart and Winston, 1967.

Magazines. "Debutante." Nation, 10 December 1914, p. 698.

Ferguson, E. R. R. "Depression Debutantes." Saturday Evening Post, 12 November 1932, p. 14. "Parties for the Debutante." Good Housekeeing, 19 November 1933 pp. 72-73. "Dazzling Parties Introduce Debs. jLiterary Digest, 16 January 1937, pp. 21-22. "U. S. Debutante." Fortune, December 1938, pp. 48-52.

Duke, Mabel. "Debut in Texas." Scribner's Magazine, December 1938, pp. 12-14. "Life Goes to a Mass Debut in North Carolina." Life, 30 September 1940, pp. 98-101. "Cotillion for 99 New York Debutantes." Life, 8 January 1945, pp. 93-97. "Debut to Remember; Betty Tyson's Newport Coming-out Party." Time, 3 September 1945, p. 24. "Life Goes to a Debut in San Francisco." Life,19 November 1945, pp. 140-42. "Life Goes to a Debut in Washington." Life, 19 January 1946, pp. 112-14. "Party Season; New York Society revives pre-war holiday gaiety with new crop of debutantes." Life, 6 January 1947, pp. 69-75.

"Wise Beyond Years." Time, 8 November 1948, p. 26.

"Coming-out Season." Life, 10 January 1949, pp. 54-55.

"Life goes to the Terpsichorean Ball: North Carolina." Life, 3 October 1949, pp. 112-14. "'America's Leading Debutantes." Life, 25 December 1950, pp. 66-71. "Season for the young and the fair." Newsweek, 26 December 1955, P. 20 "You feel so glowy." Newsweek, 24 December 1956, pp. 66-68. "No More Debutantes, No Presentation Parties." Time, 25 November 1957, p. 36. "Living it upon the debutante circuit." Life, 21 March 1960, pp. 113-20. "Open-end; New Society." Time, 20 July 1962, pp. 45-48. "Budding of Young Beauties." Life, 7 December 1962, pp. 104- 10. Frazier, Brenda. "My Debut: a horror." Life, 6 December 1963, pp. 133-34. Day, Beth. "After this party she'll be invited everywhere." Saturday Evening Post, 3 December 1966, pp. 34-39. "Party Power," Dlagazine, October 1976. pp. 68-70.

These. Baird, Martha. "The Debutante: A Sociological Study." M. A. thesis Southern Methodist University, 1932. Howard, James Kenneth. "The Economic and Social History of Dallas." M. A. thesis, Harvard University, 1956. Keith, Ruby. "Early History of Dallas." M. A. thesis, University of Texas. 1930.