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At December, 1977 4> I* at A HISTORY OF DEBUTANTE PRESENTATION IN DALLAS, TEXAS, 1884-,1977 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Melinda A. Lindley, B. A. Denton, Texas December, 1977 Lindley, Melinda Ann, A History of Debutante Presen- tations inDallas exas 1884-7. Master of Arts (History), December, 1977, pp. 104, 5 appendices, biblio- graphy, 97 titles. This study traces the history of debutante presen- tations in Dallas, Texas, from 1884 to 1976. Manuscript materials, organizational collections, interviews, and published sources were used to document and establish past and present information. The problem is organized topically and treated in chronological order within each subject. The role of four bachelors' clubs, Idlewild, Terpsichorean, Calyx, and Dervish, is emphasized and the influence of a business known as Party Service is considered. The evidence gathered for this work suggests the following conclusions: that a complicated and lavish process has evolved, that the influence of heritage and family prominence has gradually eroded, that emphasis centers now on the recently financially successful families, and that despite these changes, the ritual of debutante presentations in Dallas remains strong. C 1977 MELINDA ANN LINDLEY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DEBUT . 0 1 II. ORIGIN OF THE DALLAS DEBUT . * . * . * 12 III. THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TERPSICHOREAN CLUB . * . .. * 32 IV. PARTY SERVICE ...... a........ 0. 44 V. CALYX AND DERVISH INTRODUCE THE DEBUTANTES * . 63 . VI. CONCLUSION . * I . 70 APPENDICES. 0 73 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 98 iii LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page A. Idlewild Club Presidents 1884-1976 73 B. Terpsichorean Club Presidents 1898-1976 76 C. Calyx Club Presidents 1914-1976 78 D. Dervish Club Presidents 1928-1976 80 E. Idlewild Debutantes 1884-1976 82 iv CHAPTER I AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DEBUT "For the purpose of general understanding the debut may be described as a device used by the elite for presenting their young to the best of society," stated Martha Baird in a master's thesis on Dallas debutantes completed in 1932 at Southern Methodist University; however, a complete under- standing requires a more detailed definition.1 An examination of historical background, a comparison of current practices with other cities, a discussion of additional motivations, and an inspection of the Dallas system reveals a more com- plicated meaning for the term debut. Although the format varied from culture to culture, the "coming out" ritual existed in the earliest civilizations. Ancient Babylonians displayed their marriageable daughters once a year at a central marketplace. One by one they auctioned them off, qualifying every transaction from the most beautiful to the less fortunate, with the requirement that each buyer guarantee marriage for his new possession.2 1Martha Baird, "The Debutantes A Sociblogical Study" (M. A. thesis, Southern Methodist University, 1932), p. 12. 2 "You Feel so Glowy," Newsweek, 24 November 1956, p. 66; Doris, Allen "Coming-out Parties Old Rite," Dallas Times Herald 14 February 1954, see. 4, p. 8. I 2 Even though time modified the system considerably, the debut of sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe maintained a similar goal--presenting young ladies to selected suitors. During this time eligible young women presented themselves "at court," before the royalty of England and France.3 When this tradition first appeared in the United States, however, state and county officials replaced the nobility at impor- tant social functions. By the late 1700's and early 1800's, parents assumed the responsibility of introducing their daughters, usually at a tea. After finishing her private tutoring, a young lady propbzly greeted only her parents' friends with a demure curtsy. Still later in the 1800's, the elaborate and formal debutante ball or cotillion joined and in many cases replaced all other party forms. Elegant balls overshadowed staid teas as the parents and clubs entertained with the young people in mind.4 Current presentations resemble modernized versions of their predecessors. Yet the purpose has changed slightly. Now the young ladies return after completing their education to debut before their own contemporaries and to make their own decisions about marriage.5 3Allen, "Coming-out Parties," Dallas Times Herald, 14 February 1954, sec. 4, p. 8; "No More Debutantes," Time, 25 November 1957, p. 36. 4 Allen, "Coming-out Parties" Dallas Times Herald, 14 February 1954, sec. 4, p. 8;,BirAd7EhTDeV U tantlb, p. 13. 5Allen, "Coming-out Parties," Dallas Times Herald, 14 February 1954, see. 4, p. 8. 3 Still every major city in the United States exhibits individuality within this general format. While comparing and contrasting Dallas with other places, a distinctive pattern emerges. In many of the large cities debutantes are introduced in mass at one large cotillion.6 In some instances these balls serve a dual purposes some are fund- raisers for charitable organizations, others support civic associations such as the opera in San Francisco.7 Dallas also utilizes collective presentations on a smaller scale, but an elite bachelors' club known as Idlewild introduces the young ladies.8 The qualifications for becoming a debutante vary from area to area. Although family background, tradition, and wealth share considerable influence everywhere, a well defined apprenticeship exists on the east coast.9 As a 6 "Life Goes To a Debut in San Francisco," j, 19 November 1945, pp. 141-142, "Coming Out Season,* Life 10 January 1949, p. 54; "Life Goes to a Cotillion for 99 New York Debutantes," Lifefl January 1945, pp. 93-94; "Party Season," Life, 6 January 1947, p. 68. Some of the cities utilizingthis mass introduction included. New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Baltimore, Charleston, South Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina, and Washington D. C. 7"Life Goes to a Debut," p. 140; "Coming out season," p. 54. 8 Stanley Walker, Texas (New York: Viking Press, 1962), p. 96. By 1976 the largest group presented in Dallas com- sisted of twenty-three debutantes. The yearly average is from ten to twelve. Some of the cities mentioned, New York in particular, has introduced as many as six hundred girls a year. 9 "Party Season," p. 70; Beth Day, "After This Party 4 basic prerequisite, the hopeful young lady attends accept- able private schools as well as approved dancing classes. Being involved in charity work is also traditional prow cedure and belonging to a particular organization either religious or spotts. oriented. may prove helpful. Then after careful screening, "sponsors" publish lists of acceptable debutante materials In Dallas, however, qualifications appear more flexible. Certainly family background and wealth demand attention when reviewing possible debutantes, but the selection process involves several other things in Dallas. The Idlewild Club still maintains control over the procedure which it initiated in 1884.12 Despite other influences, the club considers primarily daughters, sisters, granddaughters, and She'll Be Invited Everywhere," Saturday Evening Post, 3 December 1966, pp. 35-36. 1 0 Day, "After This Party," pp. 37-38; "Party Season," p. 70; "Debs," Newsweek, 24 December 1964, p. 54. The Saturday EveningPost defines the term sponsor as "a net- work o society editors, mothers of girls already listed and other sources of proven social reliability. The Saturday Evening Post also includes a reference to the Debutante Register which contains the names of prospective debutantes In publication form; however, no further infor- mation about the r is included. In Washington, D. C., a secret committee of matrons compose the sponsors, according to the 24 December 1964 issue of Newsweek, p. 54. 1 1Mabil Duke, "Debut in Texas," Scribner's Magazine, December 1938, p. 13. Duke explains that this interpre- tation is necessarily elastic in a "society whose earliest antecedents migrated to the territory in covered wagons, or occasionally, in advance of & posse and struck it rich in Longhorn cattle, Lone Star cotton, or better still, oil." 12Walker, Texas, p. 96. 5 nieces of its members as potential honorees. 1 3 A nominating committee, chaired by the president, discusses all recom- mendations. Unlike the eastern practice of presenting girls at age eighteen, Idlewild prefers that a girl have completed one or two years of college. 1 At the same time the club does not request previous involvement in charity work.15 if necessary, the committee consults additional sources concern- ing the nominees.16 Then in the spring preceding the fall 13"The Debutante Season," Dallas Times Herald Magazine, 22 January 1961, p. 8; Interview with Nelson Spencer, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976; Interview with Marge Neely, Dallas, Texas, 2 August 1976. 14"Debs, " p. 54. "Debutante Season," Dallas Times Herald Magazine, 22 January, 1961, p. 8. Interview with David Wynne, Dallas, Texas, 28 June 1977. Other sources have indicated that certain unwritten requirements exist. In Baird's 1932 study, she concludes that certain geigraph- ical locations, primarily Highland Park, Texas, provide desirable addresses for prospective debs. Also she relates that the girls are white, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestant. In addition, Hockaday School educates a majority of the young ladies in a private setting. Another point she illustrates is that the elite bachelors' clubs also follow this pattern. The October 1976 issue of D Magazine, pp. 68-70, corrobor- ates and expands on these unwritten requirements. David Wynne,the 1973 Terpsichorean president, emphasized all of these aspects, particularly the racist element that D Maga- tine cites. 15lnterview with Charles Pierce, Dallas, Texas, 13 July 1977. In regard to charity work, Charles "Chick? Pierce, the 1962 Idlewild president, explains that in 1962 or 1963 a committee proposed charity requirements; however, this idea never developed. 1 6When an insufficient number of names are given, the Idlewild committee must rely upon the other bachelors' club as a cource for nominations, usually in this order: Terpsi- chorean, Calyx, and Dervish.
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