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Communication Platforms for Industrial and Residential Gateways (I) Outline Communication platforms for industrial and residential gateways (I) Prof. Dr. Ralf E.D. Seepold Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [email protected] Outline Home and industrial Networking z Powerline z Phoneline z Wireless z Others Service platforms Ralf E.D. Seepold 2 1 Home Automation: A definition The automatic operation or control of equipment, a process, or a system without conscious thought. [Fow78] [Fow78] Fowler, F.G. and Fowler. H.W., Oxford Concise Dictionary, 6th ed, Clarendon Press, Oxford,1978. Ralf E.D. Seepold 3 Smart Home: A definition Home or building [Red01] Usually a new one Equipped with structured wiring Enable remote control or programme an array of electronic devices via commands [Red01] Vendela Redriksson, “Smart home or building”, http://whatis.techtarget.com, 2001. Ralf E.D. Seepold 4 2 Application areas Communication Entertainment Security Convenience Information systems Etc. Ralf E.D. Seepold 5 Smart Home: Applications Examples z Phone to arm home security z Control temperature z Switch appliances on/off z Control lightning z Program home theatre/entertainment system z … and many more Ralf E.D. Seepold 6 3 Push for Home Networking Rapid growth in multiple-PC household penetration z PC penetration exceeds 50% in US households z Multi-PC/household growth (U.S.): 15M (1998) to 26M (2003) * Increasing Internet usage z Nearly 90% of PC households will be online by 2001 z Internet usage growth (U.S.): 20% (1997) to 47% (2001) ** Broadband Internet access z Broadband penetration growth (U.S.): less than 1M (1998) to more than 15M (2002) *** z % Penetration of online households (U.S.): increases from 2% (1998) to 26% (2002) *** * - Dataquest, ** - Yankee Group, *** - Forrester Research Ralf E.D. Seepold 7 Residential gateways (US) in ‘000s of units 2000e 2001e 2002e 2003e 2004e Data gateway 35 272.3 485.9 892.5 894.2 Entertainment gateway 0 0 19.4 119 268.2 Home Automation gateway 4.4 36.3 58.3 59.5 44.7 Multifunctional gateway 4.4 54.5 408.1 1,903.90 3,263.70 Total 43.8 363 971.7 2,974.80 4,470.80 Significant growing will heavily depend on successful standardisation in the medium term Ralf E.D. Seepold 8 4 Applications Driving Home Networking Source: Cahners In-Stat Group Ralf E.D. Seepold 9 Bandwidth Requirements Ralf E.D. Seepold 10 5 Home Automation/Network Standards and Specs Alliances and Working Groups [Hom03a] z 22 entries Proprietary z 6 entries Only a few of them can survive! [Hom03a] Home Toys. Standard List, http://www.hometoys.com/resources.htm , 2003. Ralf E.D. Seepold 11 Standardisation (I) One relevant sector-crossing and platform-independent concept: Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi) [Wes01] Several industry-specific consortia implemented z Construction z Consumer electronics z Telecoms z Utilities z Mobile telephony z … some of them being broad (like HomePNA or HomePlug) or other being narrow (like CABA), i.e. control of heating systems. [Wes01] N. Loeken, W. Fickus et al., “Services Gateway Software”, WestLB Panmure, Market Analysis, March 2001. Ralf E.D. Seepold 12 6 Standardisation (II) Regional standards (some examples) z US ■ X10, CEBus (Powerline), Smarthome, LON z Europe ■ EHS, EIB, Batibus z Japan ■ HBS, TRON Media-related standards z Ethernet (PC) z IEEE1394 Multimedia z … Ralf E.D. Seepold 13 Summary of standards Physical media Protocol Powerline Phone/bus Wireless Others Webpage CEBus X www.cebus.org Batibus/BCI; Konnex X www.batibus.com; www.konnex.org EHS; Konnex X X X www.ehsa.com; www.konnex.org EIBA; Konnex X X www.eiba.org; www.konnex.org Firewire (IEEE1394) X standards.ieee.org HiperLAN2 X www.hiperlan2.com HomePlug X www.homeplug.org HomePNA X www.homepna.org IEEE802.11x X standards.ieee.org; www.ieee802.org LonTalk X X X X www.echelon.com USB X www.usb.org X10 X www.x10.org Discovery protocols Jini X X X X www.jini.org UPnP X X X www.upnp.org Higher level types of home networking platforms HAVi X www.havi.org MHP X www.mhp.org OSGi X X X X www.osgi.org Ralf E.D. Seepold 14 7 Technical overview Technology Media Tx Mbit/s / Distance [m] Nº Device Cost/Capacity Security CEBus Powerline/ TP/ Only US 0.01, 300/0.0096, 65535 Low Dep. on media wireless 100m only US BCI TP 4800 7680 Media High EHS Powerline/ TP/ 2.4/ 0.06-1.0, 300-1000m/ 68x1015 High Dep. on media Wirelesss/ IrDa 100m0.0096, 100m/? EIB Powerline/TP/Wireless 2.4, 600m/ 0.0096, 1000m/ 64770 High Dep. on media 0.0192 Ethernet UTO/FO 10/100/1000 --- Media High IEEE1394 UTP 4.5/72, 3200 (V1394b) 64/1024 Media / Low High USB/2.0 TP/USB 5/30, 480 (V2.0) 127 Media High Hipherlan2 WLss 54 - Media High HomePlug Powerline 14 - Media / Low High HomePNA Cable Telef 10 (payload), 300m 50 Good High Lonworks Todos + radio .039-2.5 32000 Media /Low Dep. on media X10 Powerline 0.00005 256 Media Medium / Low IEEE802.11 WLss 54, 25-500m -- Under dev. Low/Increasing Bluetooth WLss 10/100 8 Media Media/High Ralf E.D. Seepold 15 Market acceptance Source: Dataquest Ralf E.D. Seepold 16 8 Powerline Devices that can be connected directly into the main power supply Using of standard wiring A computer need to be attached to the line to monitor the devices X10 for example has chips placed in the devices and bypass dedicated computers Advantages z Easily available z Cheap Weak points z Interference z Power cuts z Not reliable Ralf E.D. Seepold 17 Phoneline/Busline Separated 12V twisted pair cable Runs in parallel to traditionally cables Independent of conventional mains borne power supplies Devices can be configured to adhere to stricter operational parameters Standard defined by Konnex (www.konnex.org) z Ease the combination of different busline protocols z Enable the integration of non-busline devices (cf. expensive busline devices) Advantages z Most effective z Most reliable (proven in large buildings and factories) z two.-way protocol enable self-monitoring Weak points z Small number of device providers z High price Ralf E.D. Seepold 18 9 Wireless Become more popular Advantages z No wires, no modification z Can compliment wired network Weak points z Relatively expensive z Less reliable z Interference z Short range z Can be corrupted by breaking the system’s code z Narrowband interface Ralf E.D. Seepold 19 Details: Powerline X10 Home automation industry standard Group belongs to the pioneers in the area Started in late 70s by Pico Electronics Very popular in the US Many products available Cheap devices (e.g. lamp control for 13€) Rely on powerline Ralf E.D. Seepold 20 10 X10 Limited number of devices z 16 devices in 16 different house codes No security or encryption Limited stability of powerline connections No plug&play of devices Ralf E.D. Seepold 21 X10: Signal transmission Ralf E.D. Seepold 22 11 X10: Signal transmission (cont.) Transmitted pulses have a duration of 1ms Receiver open a receive window of 0.6ms Transmission start point is achieved by transmitting at least 6 leading clear zero crossings Ralf E.D. Seepold 23 X10: Device Each device has a house code z 4 bit nibble (letter from ‘A' to ‘P’) and unit code z Numerical code from 1 to 16 Redundancy: each data frame is transmitted twice Transfer requires different labels or addresses and commands – time consuming Ralf E.D. Seepold 24 12 X10: Transmission duration Ralf E.D. Seepold 25 X10: Summary Most popular standard in the US 100 million products have been sold between 1978-2000 1 sec transmission time for a byte with 50Hz power system (slow) Unreliable transmission – no error checking/correction Two way communication (e.g. device reply that switch is on or off) Devices act as slaves and initiate no own transmissions Ralf E.D. Seepold 26 13 Other powerline examples Internet ADSL to a single PC via the power supply Home networking via power sockets & Internet ADSL for multiple PCs via the power supply Home networking via power sockets & Internet ADSL for multiple PCs via the power supply Home networking via power sockets & Internet ISDN for multiple PCs via the power supply Internet ADSL gaming console application Internet ADSL SetTopBox application Source: Develo Ralf E.D. Seepold 27 Phoneline: For example with LonWorks Standard for home, industry and aircraft control and data networks Standard defined by Echelon for LON (Local Operating Network) Central unit is a NeuronChip LonTalk Network based on that technology Limited capability for data transfer but can run over powerline, wireless etc. Ralf E.D. Seepold 28 14 ISO/OSI Model functions OSI Level Function Services Standard Objects&types, Configuration 7 Application Application Program Properties, Filetransfer,Netw. Services Network Variables, Application- 6 Presentation Data Interpretation message, Remote data Communication, Remote Proc. Call 5 Session Remote Actions Link recovery End-to-End Ack, Service type, Recogn. 4 Transport End-to-End Reliability of packets Unicast & Multicast, target addressing, 3 Network Target Addressing Routing of messages Framing, Data encoding, CRC, 2 Data Link Media Access and Framing Collision Detection, Media access media specific details 1 Physical Physical Access Transceiver Type, phys. Connection Ralf E.D. Seepold 29 LonTalk: Protocol Provides a common applications framework Using Standard Network Variable Types (SNVTs); defined in each node Links are allowed between inputs and outputs of the same type Object-oriented approach to product development Ralf E.D. Seepold 30 15 LonTalk: Protocol (cont.) Node programs may write new values into one of its outputs New values is propagated across the network to all nodes with input network variables connected to this output Connections are defined during installation SNVTs enable compatibility between product from different manufactures Ralf E.D.
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