Insect Epigenetic Mechanisms Facing Anthropogenic-Derived Contamination, an Overview
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Lesser Mealworm, Litter Beetle, Alphitobius Diaperinus (Panzer) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)1 James C
EENY-367 Lesser Mealworm, Litter Beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)1 James C. Dunford and Phillip E. Kaufman2 Introduction encountered in stored products (Green 1980). The other known species in the United States, A. laevigatus (Fabricius) The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is or black fungus beetle, is less commonly encountered and a cosmopolitan general stored products pest of particular may also vector pathogens and parasites and occasionally importance as a vector and competent reservoir of several cause damage to poultry housing. poultry pathogens and parasites. It can also cause damage to poultry housing and is suspected to be a health risk to humans in close contact with larvae and adults. Adults can become a nuisance when they move en masse toward artificial lights generated by residences near fields where beetle-infested manure has been spread (Axtell 1999). Alphitobius diaperinus inhabits poultry droppings and litter and is considered a significant pest in the poultry industry. Numerous studies have been conducted on lesser meal- worm biology, physiology, and management. Lambkin (2001) conducted a thorough review of relevant scientific literature in reference to A. diaperinus and provides a good understanding of the biology, ecology and bionomics of the pest. Bruvo et al. (1995) conducted molecular work to determine satellite DNA variants on the chromosomes of A. diaperinus. Alphitobius diaperinus is a member of the tenebrionid tribe Alphitobiini (Doyen 1989), which comprises four genera worldwide (Aalbu et al. 2002). Two genera occur Figure 1. Adult male lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). in the United States, of which there are two species in the This specimen taken from Henderson County, North Carolina. -
Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies
Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Lynn Ekblad, Different Angles, Ames, Iowa Graphics and layout by Richard Beachler, Instructional Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames ISBN 1-887383-23-9 ISSN 0194-4088 06 05 04 03 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. p. cm. -- (Task force report, ISSN 0194-4088 ; no. 140) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-887383-23-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. II. Series: Task force report (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology) ; no. 140. SB950.I4573 2003 632'.9--dc21 2003006389 Task Force Report No. 140 June 2003 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa, USA Task Force Members Kenneth R. Barker (Chair), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Esther Day, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Timothy J. Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Maud A. Hinchee, ArborGen, Summerville, South Carolina Nancy C. Hinkle, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens Barry J. Jacobsen, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman James Knight, Department of Animal and Range Science, Montana State University, Bozeman Kenneth A. Langeland, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville Evan Nebeker, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State David A. Rosenberger, Plant Pathology Department, Cornell University–Hudson Valley Laboratory, High- land, New York Donald P. -
Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan
Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 1 Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Shahbaz Chattha Women University Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Abu Ul Hassan Faiz Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh (AJK), [email protected] Arshad Javid University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, [email protected] Irfan Baboo Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, [email protected] Inayat Ullah Malik The University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Entomology Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Chattha, M. S., Faiz, A. H., Javid, A., Baboo, I., & Malik, I. U. (2018). Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan, Journal of Bioresource Management, 5 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.8102.0081 ISSN: 2309-3854 online (Received: May 16, 2019; Accepted: Sep 19, 2019; Published: Jan 1, 2018) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Diversity of Water Bugs in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. -
Distribution of the Water Scorpion Nepa Apiculata (Hemiptera: Nepidae) in Wisconsin
The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 25 Number 2 - Summer 1992 Number 2 - Summer Article 3 1992 June 1992 Distribution of the Water Scorpion Nepa Apiculata (Hemiptera: Nepidae) in Wisconsin P. A. Cochran St. Norbert College A. P. Gripentrog St. Norbert College K. M. Stack St. Norbert College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Cochran, P. A.; Gripentrog, A. P.; and Stack, K. M. 1992. "Distribution of the Water Scorpion Nepa Apiculata (Hemiptera: Nepidae) in Wisconsin," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 25 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol25/iss2/3 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Cochran et al.: Distribution of the Water Scorpion <i>Nepa Apiculata</i> (Hemipte 1992 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 83 DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER SCORPION NEPA AP!CULATA (HEMIPTERA:NEPIDAE) IN WISCONSIN P.A. Cochran, A.P. Gripentrog and K.M. Stack1 The water scorpion Nepa apiculata Uhler was considered rare in Wiscon sin by Hilsenhoff (1984), who collected only 11 individuals during a 25-year period. All of his collections were from overwintering sites, especially debris in streams, during early spring or autumn (Hilsenhoff, pers. comm.). He con cluded that the species was restricted to southern Wisconsin. Recent collec tions indicate that N apiculata is more widely distributed. -
Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest
INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7. -
Planorbidae) from New Mexico
FRONT COVER—See Fig. 2B, p. 7. Circular 194 New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY Pecosorbis, a new genus of fresh-water snails (Planorbidae) from New Mexico Dwight W. Taylor 98 Main St., #308, Tiburon, California 94920 SOCORRO 1985 iii Contents ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 DESCRIPTION OF PECOSORBIS 5 PECOSORBIS. NEW GENUS 5 PECOSORBIS KANSASENSIS (Berry) 6 LOCALITIES AND MATERIAL EXAMINED 9 Habitat 12 CLASSIFICATION AND RELATIONSHIPS 12 DESCRIPTION OF MENETUS 14 GENUS MENETUS H. AND A. ADAMS 14 DESCRIPTION OF MENETUS CALLIOGLYPTUS 14 REFERENCES 17 Figures 1—Pecosorbis kansasensis, shell 6 2—Pecosorbis kansasensis, shell removed 7 3—Pecosorbis kansasensis, penial complex 8 4—Pecosorbis kansasensis, reproductive system 8 5—Pecosorbis kansasensis, penial complex 9 6—Pecosorbis kansasensis, ovotestis and seminal vesicle 10 7—Pecosorbis kansasensis, prostate 10 8—Pecosorbis kansasensis, penial complex 10 9—Pecosorbis kansaensis, composite diagram of penial complex 10 10—Pecosorbis kansasensis, distribution map 11 11—Menetus callioglyptus, reproductive system 15 12—Menetus callioglyptus, penial complex 15 13—Menetus callioglyptus, penial complex 16 14—Planorbella trivolvis lenta, reproductive system 16 Tables 1—Comparison of Menetus and Pecosorbis 13 5 Abstract Pecosorbis, new genus of Planorbidae, subfamily Planorbulinae, is established for Biomphalaria kansasensis Berry. The species has previously been known only as a Pliocene fossil, but now is recognized in the Quaternary of the southwest United States, and living in the Pecos Valley of New Mexico. Pecosorbis is unusual because of its restricted distribution and habitat in seasonal rock pools. Most similar to Menetus, it differs in having a preputial organ with an external duct, no spermatheca, and a penial sac that is mostly eversible. -
Epigenetics Mechanisms in Insects: a Review
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 2961-2971 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.339 Epigenetics Mechanisms in Insects: A Review U. Pirithiraj1, R. P. Soundararajan2* and C. Gailce Leo Justin1 1Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli-620 027, India 2Horticultural College and Research Institute (Women), Tiruchirappalli-620 027, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence (or) a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. Phenotype is K e yw or ds the observable or measurable characteristics of an organism i.e., height, behaviour, colour, shape, and size. Insects are being examined for their epigenetic phenomena and the underlying mechanism Epigenetics, Insects, behind it. Epigenetics is well studied in fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Gene is segments of the DNA methylation, DNA sequence that store the information to synthesize proteins or RNAs that carry out specific Histone functions. Epigenetics is important in cellular differentiation which is responsible for the phenotypic modification and plasticity. Epigenetics is been investigated in plants and animals. On comparing other organisms RNAi insects possess a high degree of phenotypic variation. This variation is due to switch on and off mechanism of gene. Gene expression and repression in insects is regulated through epigenetic Article Info mechanisms i.e. DNA Methylation, Histone modification and Noncoding RNAs which influence the Accepted: phenotypic modification. -
A Comparison of the External Morphology and Functions of Labial Tip Sensilla in Semiaquatic Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha)
Eur. J. Entomol. 111(2): 275–297, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.033 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) A comparison of the external morphology and functions of labial tip sensilla in semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) 1 2 JOLANTA BROŻeK and HERBERT ZeTTeL 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum, entomological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Heteroptera, Gerromorpha, labial tip sensilla, pattern, morphology, function, apomorphic characters Abstract. The present study provides new data on the morphology and distribution of the labial tip sensilla of 41 species of 20 gerro- morphan (sub)families (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) obtained using a scanning electron microscope. There are eleven morphologically distinct types of sensilla on the tip of the labium: four types of basiconic uniporous sensilla, two types of plate sensilla, one type of peg uniporous sensilla, peg-in-pit sensilla, dome-shaped sensilla, placoid multiporous sensilla and elongated placoid multiporous sub- apical sensilla. Based on their external structure, it is likely that these sensilla are thermo-hygrosensitive, chemosensitive and mechano- chemosensitive. There are three different designs of sensilla in the Gerromorpha: the basic design occurs in Mesoveliidae and Hebridae; the intermediate one is typical of Hydrometridae and Hermatobatidae, and the most specialized design in Macroveliidae, Veliidae and Gerridae. No new synapomorphies for Gerromorpha were identified in terms of the labial tip sensilla, multi-peg structures and shape of the labial tip, but eleven new diagnostic characters are recorded for clades currently recognized in this infraorder. -
Control of the Alphitobius Diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with Entomopathogenic Fungi
Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola ISSN 1516-635X Apr - Jun 2009 / v.11 / n.2 / 121 - 127 Control of the Alphitobius Diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with Entomopathogenic Fungi Author(s) ABSTRACT Rezende SRF1 Curvello FA2 The beetle Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), considered a worldwide Fraga ME3 Reis RCS2 pest in the poultry industry, is difficult to control and it is a vector for Castilho AMC4 pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological Agostinho TSP5 control of the lesser mealworm, by strains of fungi Beauveria bassiana, 1 M.Sc. student in Animal Science of Cladosporium sp. and Trichoderma sp. Larvae and adults of the A. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. diaperinus were inoculated with suspensions of conidia in the 2 Professor, Instituto de Zootecnia of concentration of 107 conídia.mL-1. The B. bassiana isolate caused higher Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. 3 Professor, Instituto de Veterinária of insect mortality as compared to Cladosporium sp. and Trichoderma sp. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; isolates, with the larvae being more susceptible than adults. The 4 Biologist MS. Agrobio - Alternative pesticides. entomopathogenicity of B. bassiana was further evaluated with 200 5 M.Sc student in Zootecnia of Universidade larvae and 200 adults of A. diaperinus inoculated with suspensions 106, Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. 107, and 108 conidia.mL-1, and observed for ten days. Larvae mortality started at the fourth day at the lowest concentration, and the adult mortality was only observed on the sixth day at the concentration of 108 conidia.mL-1. -
Gastropoda: Physidae) in Singapore
BioInvasions Records (2015) Volume 4, Issue 3: 189–194 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2015.4.3.06 © 2015 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2015 REABIC Research Article Clarifying the identity of the long-established, globally-invasive Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 (Gastropoda: Physidae) in Singapore Ting Hui Ng1,2*, Siong Kiat Tan3 and Darren C.J. Yeo1,2 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore 2NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore 3Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore E-mail: [email protected] (THN), [email protected] (SKT), [email protected] (DCJY) *Corresponding author Received: 24 December 2014 / Accepted: 6 May 2015 / Published online: 2 June 2015 Handling editor: Vadim Panov Abstract The freshwater snail identified as Physastra sumatrana has been recorded in Singapore since the late 1980’s. It is distributed throughout the island and commonly associated with ornamental aquatic plants. Although the species has previously been considered by some to be native to Singapore, its origin is currently categorised as unknown. Morphological comparisons of freshly collected specimens and material in museum collections with type material, together with DNA barcoding, show that both Physastra sumatrana, and a recent gastropod record of Stenophysa spathidophallus, in Singapore are actually the same species—the globally-invasive Physa acuta. An unidentified physid snail was also collected from the Singapore aquarium trade. -
The Life History, Nymphal Growth Rates, and Feeding Habits of Siphlonisca Aerodromia Needham (Epherneroptera: Siphlonuridae) in ~Aine'
The life history, nymphal growth rates, and feeding habits of Siphlonisca aerodromia Needham (Epherneroptera: Siphlonuridae) in ~aine' K. ELIZABETHGIBBS AND TERRYM. MINGO Department of Entomology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, U. S. A. 04469 Received March 25. 1985 GIBBS,K. E., and T. M. MINGO.1986. The life history, nymphal growth rates, and feeding habits of Siphlonisca aerodromia Needham (Epherneroptera: Siphlonuridae) in Maine. Can. J. Zool. 64: 427-430. Siphlonisca aerodromia Needham has a univoltine life history in Maine. Adults emerge in late May or early June. Each female contains about 394 large (0.46 mm long) eggs covered with coiled fibers that anchor the eggs to the substrate. Eggs are deposited in the main channel of the stream and small nymphs appear in January. Nymphal growth rate (GHW)was expressed as a percent per day increase in head width. Initially nymphs feed on detritus and grow slowly (GHW= 0.28-0.79) at water temperatures near 0°C. Following snow melt, the nymphs move into the adjacent Carex floodplain. Here, water temperature increases, animal material, in the form of mayfly nymphs, becomes increasingly common in the diet, and growth rate increases (GHW = 2.13-2.89). The sex ratio of nymphs collected in May and June was 1: 1.8 (ma1e:female). GIBBS,K. E., et T. M. MINGO. 1986. The life history, nymphal growth rates, and feeding habits of Siphlonisca aerodromia Needham (Epherneroptera: Siphlonuridae) in Maine. Can. J. Zool. 64: 427-430. Dans le Maine, le cycle de Siphlonisca aerodromia Needham est univoltin. L'emergence des adultes se produit a la fin de mai ou au debut de juin. -
DNA Methylation Suppresses Chitin Degradation and Promotes the Wing
Xu et al. Epigenetics & Chromatin (2020) 13:34 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13072-020-00356-6 Epigenetics & Chromatin RESEARCH Open Access DNA methylation suppresses chitin degradation and promotes the wing development by inhibiting Bmara-mediated chitinase expression in the silkworm, Bombyx mori Guanfeng Xu1,2†, Yangqin Yi1,2†, Hao Lyu1,2, Chengcheng Gong1,2, Qili Feng1,2, Qisheng Song3, Xuezhen Peng1,2, Lin Liu1,2 and Sichun Zheng1,2* Abstract Background: DNA methylation, as an essential epigenetic modifcation found in mammals and plants, has been implicated to play an important role in insect reproduction. However, the functional role and the regulatory mecha- nism of DNA methylation during insect organ or tissue development are far from being clear. Results: Here, we found that DNA methylation inhibitor (5-aza-dC) treatment in newly molted pupae decreased the chitin content of pupal wing discs and adult wings and resulted in wing deformity of Bombyx mori. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the up-regulation of chitinase 10 (BmCHT10) gene might be related to the decrease of chitin content induced by 5-aza-dC treatment. Further, the luciferase activity assays demonstrated that DNA methylation suppressed the promoter activity of BmCHT10 by down-regulating the transcription factor, homeobox protein arau- can (Bmara). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, DNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Bmara directly bound to the BmCHT10 promoter. Therefore, DNA methylation is involved in keeping the structural integrity of the silkworm wings from unwanted chitin degradation, as a consequence, it promotes the wing develop- ment of B. mori. Conclusions: This study reveals that DNA methylation plays an important role in the wing development of B.