DOCSLIB.ORG

1906 BNJ 3 35.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INDEX. A. Account, the shilling a money of, prior to the reign of Henry VII., 304. A, characteristics of the letter, on the Acsian = "to ask" in early MS., 87. Ohsnaforda pennies, 72-74. Adalhard, abbot of Corbie, 89. ,, the unbarred variety of the letter, Advocates, Faculty of, and the Jacobite 72 et seq. Medal, 247. „ varieties of the letter, 72-74. yE, the ligatured letter on the Ohsna- Abbreviations on Roman coins, sugges- forda coins, 74, 75. tions for the interpretation of certain, /Elfred, forgery of Oxford type of, 28 r. 3r> 32- ,, halfpenny of Oxford type of, 281. Aberdeen, find of billon pieces of Francis ^Enobarbus pays his soldiers with leather and Mary near, 330, 406, money, 313. 407. ^Eschines and the use of leather money, ,, find of coins temp. Alex- 312. ander III., Robert Bruce ^Ethelred I., coins of, 66. and John Baliol at, 333, 407. ,, find of coins of, in the ,, find of coins temp., Edward I., Thames, at Waterloo II. and III. at, 332 et seq., Bridge, 385. 406, 407. „ II., coins of, 120, 122, 123, ,, find of foreign sterlings at, 124, 125, 126, 128, 134, T35> x36> r37, 138, 140, 333. 334- 141, 142, 145, 146, 147.. ,, find of lions or hardheads 148, 149, 150, 151, i:,3, temp. Mary and Francis in, !54, 156. 15 7> 159, 161, 330, 406, 407. 162, 163, 388. „ find, painting of the bronze ,, ,, helmet on the coins of, pot containing the, 403. 297. „ finds of coins temp. Edward I. „ ,, penny of, the earliest coin and Alexander III. at, 330, of Cornish mintage, 107. 331, 4°7- ^Ethelstan, every borough possessed a „ Mint, the, 331. mint in the reign of, „ the Bronze Pot of, description 170. of, 335- ,, designs on the coinage of, ,, the Great Edwardian Find at, 296, 297. handed over to the town of ,, M~0 on coins of, 90. Aberdeen, 334, 335. ,, portraiture on the coins of, ,, Token, note on the, 275. 296. Aberystwith mint of Charles I., 380. ,, provision of moneyers by ,, silver obtained from the the law of, 164. Welsh mines of, 175. ^Ethelswith, wife of Burgred, 59. Academy, circular issued to the Members vEthelwulf, coins of, 28r. of the Royal, inviting designs for the „ forgeries of, 281. money, 309. 428 Index. yEthilheard, Archbishop of Canterbury, Alfred the Great, characteristics and pe- forgery of penny of, 281. culiarities of hand- ./Ethred, inscription in mixed runes and writing in the time decorated uncials on a ring of, 82. of, 84, 85. Agricola, near Aberdeen, 330. ,, „ ,, coin overstruck on Ahsian, reference to the Anglo-Saxon London monogram verb, 87. penny of, 101. Ailesbury, description of Prince James by ,, ,, ,, coins of, 66. Lord, 239. ,, „ ,, concerning the so- „ on the personal appearance of called Ohsnaforda Prince James, 267. coins of, 67 et seq. Aissebrige (D.B.) = Axbridge, 167. „ „ ,, find of a jewel of, Aix la Chapelle, " Moneta Aquensis," near Athelney, 91. sterlings of Louis IV., Count of „ „ ,, find of coins of, at Flanders, struck at, 333. Cuerdale, 104, 105. Akerman, J. Y., on a find of leather ,, ,, „ find of coins of, in the jettons temp. Henry VIII., on the site Thames, at Waterloo of Terouenne, 322, 323. Bridge, 63, 64, 385. Alcuin and the alphabet, 75. „ „ „ interesting woodcuts, Alderwasley. A find of coin clipping made in 1704, of temp. Charles I. in pennies of, 102. Bacon Meadow, 337. „ „ „ King of Wessex, 59. „ Church plate of, made „ ,, „ London monogram from coin clippings, type of, 102 et seq. 337- „ „ „ makes a treaty with the Alexander III, coins of, 333, 407. Danes, 61. „ find of coins of, at „ „ „ reasons for supposing Aberdeen, 333, 407. a remarkable coin „ find of coins temp. of, to be genuine, Edward I. and, at 104, 105. Aberdeen in 1807, ,, ,, ,, reference to, 73 et seq. 33°; 331> 4°7- „ ,, ,, restored London, 92. „ find of coins of, at „ „ „ the translation of, Lochmaben, 349. Boethius's work by, ,, the Great, 292. 37°- Alexandria, moulds for imitation denarii Allchester, History of extract from, on the found at, 340. issue of leather pieces by Edward I., Alfred proclaimed King of Wessex, 61. 321. „ the Great, a remarkable penny Allectus, coins of, 33. of, 101-106, 363. „ „ ,, in the Little Orme's ,, ,, ,, and the mint at Ox- Head Find, 22, 23. ford, J. R. Green ,, type of coins of, in the Little on, 93. Orme's Head Find, 23, 24. „ „ „ Anglo - Saxon version Alnmouth, inscription in mixed runes and of Pope Gregory's decorated uncials, 82. Pastoral Care by, Alost, sterlings of Robert III., de Bethune, reference to, 97. struck at, 333. , „ „ ,, arguments for and Alpha and Omega on penny of ^Ethelred against the authen- II., 108. ticity of a remark- Alphabets, Old and New, reference to, 95. able penny of, 103 ALWIN, moneyer of London = Ahvin et set/. Finch in the Pipe Roll, 376. „ ,, attempt at portraiture America, the circulation of the St. Patrick's on the coins of, 296. Pence in, 221. Index. American Numismatic Society, donation ANT, a suggested abbreviation for TANT of book by, 359. (Taunton), 345. Ancient British coin in brass, 8. Antiquities, Edinburgh, coins of the „ ,, coins in silver, 6 et seq. National Collection of, 334. „ ,, „ which are attributed Antonine Vallum, the, 339. to Cornwall, on Antoninus Pius, find of a coin of, at the, 107. Mortlach, 329. Anderson, reference to payment of ransom Antony, find of denarii of, at Gartshore, for King John by, in his Origin of 34°- Commerce, 315. Apostrophe, the use of the, as a form of ANDREW, W. J., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. :— punctuation, 186, 195, 196, 201, 206. 2 Reviews by, 339~35 - Aquitaine deniers of Edward III., 333- Andrew, W. J., engraving belonging to, Archceological Museum, Edinburgh, Illus- 240. trated Catalogue of the, reference to a „ ,, exhibits by, 401, 402. remark of Hawkins in the, 235, 239. ,, ,, note on coins of Stephen, Architecture depicted on the coins of of Launceston mint, Edward the Elder, 296. by, 113. Arelate = Aries, 30. „ ,. reference to his paper ARFON, see ARVON, 18. on Buried Treasure, Argentan mint of William I., 352. 86. Argentarius, the term, 91. Anecdotes of Painting, by Walpole, refer- Argyle, Duke of, 259, 260. ence to, 229, 230. Aries mint, 29. Angels and angelets, issue of, in the reign „ „ coins of, in the Little Orme's of Edward IV., 301. Head Find, 21. Anglesey, London or Liverpool, payable „ „ Roman coins of, 49, 50, 52, in, edge reading of Birchall's private 55, 56, 57- token, 274. „ ,, subsignations of the, 30. Anglo-Gallic Coins, by Lionel M. Hewlett, Armour, James I. represented in, on the Review of, 351, 352. smaller coins, 177. Anglo-Saxon coins, illustrations of forgeries „ on English coins, 305. of, 281, 282. Army Gold Medal Tournament, 1882, Anglo-Saxon .Minuscules, H.M.N.R., 100. 366. „ stycas, find of, at South Arnold, Count of Loos, sterlings of, 333. Ferriby, 1. Arras, Gospel Book of St. Vaast's of, Anlaf, forgeries of, 281. 74. 82, 84, 95. ,, penny of, 281. Art and the Coins of England, 291-310, Anne, and the expression " le Pretendant," 367- 240. Art, cause of its decline in the middle „ death of, and the succession, 257 ages, 291. et seq. ,, of modern coins subservient to „ Medal of Prince James with portrait utility, 309. of, on the reverse, 235. „ on coins reappears with the revival „ of Brittany issues leather money, of letters and the arts in the 316. fifteenth century, 291. ,, of Denmark, portrait of, by Simon Arthurian legends and the name Gawine, Passe, 178. no. „ Public attention directed to the Arundel, composite borough of, 165, 167. coinage in reign of Queen, 309. Gregory, 214. ANSCOMBE, A., F.R.Hist.S., Hon. Sec.:— „ Thomas, Earl of, 215. The inscription on the Oxford Pennies ARVON, the district, 18. of the OHSNAFORDA type, 67-100. Ascalon mint of Richard I., 288. Anscombe, A., Junr., drawings by, 100. Ash well, simple borough of, 168. ,, E., drawings by, 100. Asser, Bishop, 88, 89. Index. AT = Treves, 30. Bath, composite borough and mint of, Athelney, find of an enamelled jewel with 165. curious formula near, gi. ,, mint of Cnut, 119. ATR = Treves, 30. „ ,, Harold I., 119. Attorney-General v. the Trustees of the ,, „ Harthacnut, 119. British Museum, reference to the ,, „ Edward the Confessor, x 19, treasure trove case of, 1903, 341-342. ISO. Auhsati = ox (Gothic), 86. „ „ William I., 119, 130, 150, AVN-T on early British coins, 7 et seq., 172. 14. Bayeaux tapestry, a type of helmet figured Autem, the Anglo-Saxon abbreviation = on the, 297. 100. Bayeux, Odo, Bishop of, 35 r. Avesnes, William of, Bishop of Cambray, Bearman, Thomas, coin of, 310. sterling of, 334. „ „ exhibits by, 402, 403. Avignon, coins of Prince James to be Beaufoy, H. B. H., collection of trades- current at, 259. men's tokens made by, 324. Awbridge, near Romsey, Find of coins of Beaumaris and Conway Castles, issue of Stephen and Henry II. at, 344-349. leather money by Edward I. at, 321. Axbridge, composite borough of, 165, Beauvais, change in the commencement 167. of the year, adopted at, 252. Axminster, possible attribution of Beaver skin money, 320. Axbridge mint to, 167. Beaworth, find of coins temp. William I. Aymary of Tours, Philip, the artist sent for at, 112. by Henry II., 298. Beccles, simple borough of, 168. Beckwith, Sir Sidney, 378. Bede, reference to his works, 99. B. Bedford, composite borough and mint of, 165. B, the letter, on Ohstiaforda coins, 75. „ Countess of, 209. BA, mint of William I., 138. ,, Henry, Prince of Scotland, Babelon, M., and his interpretation of a claimant to the honour of, certain abbreviations on Roman coins, 348.
Recommended publications
  • Norman Rule Cumbria 1 0

    Norman Rule Cumbria 1 0

    NORMAN RULE I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 B y RICHARD SHARPE A lecture delivered to Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 9th April 2005 at Carlisle CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY N O R M A N R U L E I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 NORMAN RULE I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 B y RICHARD SHARPE Pr o f essor of Diplomat i c , U n i v e r sity of Oxfo r d President of the Surtees Society A lecture delivered to Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 9th April 2005 at Carlisle CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Tract Series Vol. XXI C&W TRACT SERIES No. XXI ISBN 1 873124 43 0 Published 2006 Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Council of the Society for inviting me, as president of the Surtees Society, to address the Annual General Meeting in Carlisle on 9 April 2005. Several of those who heard the paper on that occasion have also read the full text and allowed me to benefit from their comments; my thanks to Keith Stringer, John Todd, and Angus Winchester. I am particularly indebted to Hugh Doherty for much discussion during the preparation of this paper and for several references that I should otherwise have missed. In particular he should be credited with rediscovering the writ-charter of Henry I cited in n.
  • Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle

    Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle

    BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS General Editor: PROFESSOR PATRICK MCGRATH, M.A., Assistant General Editor: MISS ELIZABETH RALPH, M .A., F.S.A. VOL. XXXIV ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN 1HE THIRTEENTH AND EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURIES ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN THE THIR1EENTH AND EARLY FOUR1EENTH CENTURIES EDITED BY MARGARET SHARP Printed for the BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY 1982 ISSN 0305-8730 © Margaret Sharp Produced for the Society by A1an Sutton Publishing Limited, Gloucester Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Burn Limited Trowbridge CONTENTS Page Abbreviations VI Preface XI Introduction Xlll Pandulf- 1221-24 1 Ralph de Wiliton - 1224-25 5 Burgesses of Bristol - 1224-25 8 Peter de la Mare - 1282-84 10 Peter de la Mare - 1289-91 22 Nicholas Fermbaud - 1294-96 28 Nicholas Fermbaud- 1300-1303 47 Appendix 1 - Lists of Lords of Castle 69 Appendix 2 - Lists of Constables 77 Appendix 3 - Dating 94 Bibliography 97 Index 111 ABBREVIATIONS Abbrev. Plac. Placitorum in domo Capitulari Westmon­ asteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio ... Ed. W. Dlingworth. Rec. Comm. London, 1811. Ann. Mon. Annales monastici Ed. H.R. Luard. 5v. (R S xxxvi) London, 1864-69. BBC British Borough Charters, 1216-1307. Ed. A. Ballard and J. Tait. 3v. Cambridge 1913-43. BOAS Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Transactions (Author's name and the volume number quoted. Full details in bibliography). BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. BM British Museum - Now British Library. Book of Fees Liber Feodorum: the Book of Fees com­ monly called Testa de Nevill 3v. HMSO 1920-31. Book of Seals Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals Ed.
  • King John's Tax Innovation -- Extortion, Resistance, and the Establishment of the Principle of Taxation by Consent Jane Frecknall Hughes

    King John's Tax Innovation -- Extortion, Resistance, and the Establishment of the Principle of Taxation by Consent Jane Frecknall Hughes

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eGrove (Univ. of Mississippi) Accounting Historians Journal Volume 34 Article 4 Issue 2 December 2007 2007 King John's tax innovation -- Extortion, resistance, and the establishment of the principle of taxation by consent Jane Frecknall Hughes Lynne Oats Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aah_journal Part of the Accounting Commons, and the Taxation Commons Recommended Citation Hughes, Jane Frecknall and Oats, Lynne (2007) "King John's tax innovation -- Extortion, resistance, and the establishment of the principle of taxation by consent," Accounting Historians Journal: Vol. 34 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aah_journal/vol34/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Archival Digital Accounting Collection at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Accounting Historians Journal by an authorized editor of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hughes and Oats: King John's tax innovation -- Extortion, resistance, and the establishment of the principle of taxation by consent Accounting Historians Journal Vol. 34 No. 2 December 2007 pp. 75-107 Jane Frecknall Hughes SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT SCHOOL and Lynne Oats UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK KING JOHN’S TAX INNOVATIONS – EXTORTION, RESISTANCE, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF TAXATION BY CONSENT Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present a re-evaluation of the reign of England’s King John (1199–1216) from a fiscal perspective. The paper seeks to explain John’s innovations in terms of widening the scope and severity of tax assessment and revenue collection.
  • Template:Ælfgifu Theories ­ Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Template:Ælfgifu Theories from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

    Template:Ælfgifu Theories ­ Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Template:Ælfgifu Theories from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

    2/6/2016 Template:Ælfgifu theories ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Template:Ælfgifu theories From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Family tree, showing two theories relating Aelgifu to Eadwig, King of England Æthelred Æthelwulf Mucel King of Osburh Ealdorman Eadburh Wessex of the Gaini ?–839­858 fl. 867­895 Alfred Æthelred I the Great Æthelbald Burgred Æthelberht Æthelwulf Æthelstan King of King of the King of King of Æthelswith King of Ealhswith Ealdorman King of Kent Wessex Anglo­ Wessex Mercia d. 888 Wessex d. 902 of the Gaini ?–839­855 c.848–865­ Saxons ?–856­860 ?–852­874 ?–860­865 d. 901 871 849–871­ 899 Edward the Elder Æthelfrith King of the (2)Ælfflæd Ealdorman Æthelhelm Æthelwold (1)Ecgwynn (3)Eadgifu Æthelgyth Anglo­ fl. 900s­ of S. Mercia fl. 880s d. 901 fl. 890s x903–966x fl. 903 Saxons 910s fl. 883­ c.875–899­ 904/915 924 unknown Æthelstan Æthelstan Edmund I Eadric Eadred Ælfstan Half­King Æthelwald King of King of Ealdorman King of Ealdorman Ealdorman Ealdorman unknown Æthelgifu the English the English of Wessex the English of Mercia of East of Kent c.894–924­ 921–939­ fl. 942­ 923­946­955 fl. 930­934 Anglia fl. 940­946 939 946 949 fl. 932­956 Eadwig Edgar I Æthelwald Æthelwine All­Fair the Peaceful Æthelweard Ælfgifu Ealdorman Ealdorman King of King of historian ? Ælfweard Ælfwaru fl. 956x957­ of East of East England England d. c.998 971 Anglia Anglia c.940­955­ c.943–959­ d. 962 d. 992 959 975 Two theories for the relationship of Ælfgifu and Eadwig King of England, whose marriage was annulled in 958 on grounds of consanguinuity.
  • Wessex and the Reign of Edmund Ii Ironside

    Wessex and the Reign of Edmund Ii Ironside

    Chapter 16 Wessex and the Reign of Edmund ii Ironside David McDermott Edmund Ironside, the eldest surviving son of Æthelred ii (‘the Unready’), is an often overlooked political figure. This results primarily from the brevity of his reign, which lasted approximately seven months, from 23 April to 30 November 1016. It could also be said that Edmund’s legacy compares unfavourably with those of his forebears. Unlike other Anglo-Saxon Kings of England whose lon- ger reigns and periods of uninterrupted peace gave them opportunities to leg- islate, renovate the currency or reform the Church, Edmund’s brief rule was dominated by the need to quell initial domestic opposition to his rule, and prevent a determined foreign adversary seizing the throne. Edmund conduct- ed his kingship under demanding circumstances and for his resolute, indefati- gable and mostly successful resistance to Cnut, his career deserves to be dis- cussed and his successes acknowledged. Before discussing the importance of Wessex for Edmund Ironside, it is con- structive, at this stage, to clarify what is meant by ‘Wessex’. It is also fitting to use the definition of the region provided by Barbara Yorke. The core shires of Wessex may be reliably regarded as Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Berk- shire and Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight).1 Following the victory of the West Saxon King Ecgbert at the battle of Ellendun (Wroughton, Wilts.) in 835, the borders of Wessex expanded, with the counties of Kent, Sussex, Surrey and Essex passing from Mercian to West Saxon control.2 Wessex was not the only region with which Edmund was associated, and nor was he the only king from the royal House of Wessex with connections to other regions.
  • Copyrighted Material

    Copyrighted Material

    33_056819 bindex.qxp 11/3/06 11:01 AM Page 363 Index fighting the Vikings, 52–54 • A • as law-giver, 57–58 Aberfan tragedy, 304–305 literary interests, 56–57 Act of Union (1707), 2, 251 reforms of, 54–55 Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of reign of, 50, 51–52 William IV, 268, 361 Alfred, son of King Aethelred, king of Áed, king of Scotland, 159 England, 73, 74 Áed Findliath, ruler in Ireland, 159 Ambrosius Aurelianus (Roman leader), 40 Aedán mac Gabráin, overking of Dalriada, 153 Andrew, Prince, Duke of York (son of Aelfflaed, queen of Edward, king Elizabeth II) of Wessex, 59 birth of, 301 Aelfgifu of Northampton, queen of Cnut, 68 as naval officer, 33 Aethelbald, king of Mercia, 45 response to death of Princess Diana, 313 Aethelbert, king of Wessex, 49 separation from Sarah, Duchess of York, Aethelflaed, daughter of Alfred, king of 309 Wessex, 46 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 57, 58, 63 Aethelfrith, Saxon king, 43 Anglo-Saxons Aethelred, king of England, 51, 65–66 appointing an heir, 16 Aethelred, king of Mercia, 45, 46, 55 invasion of Britain, 39–41 Aethelred, king of Wessex, 50 kingdoms of, 37, 42 Aethelstan, king of Wessex, 51, 61–62 kings of, 41–42 Aethelwold, son of Aethelred, king of overview, 12 Wessex, 60 Anna, queen of Scotland, 204 Aethelwulf, king of Wessex, 49 Anne, Princess Royal, daughter of Africa, as part of British empire, 14 Elizabeth II, 301, 309 Agincourt, battle of, 136–138 Anne, queen of England Albert, Prince, son of George V, later lack of heir, 17 George VI, 283, 291 marriage to George of Denmark, 360–361 Albert of
  • Thevikingblitzkriegad789-1098.Pdf

    Thevikingblitzkriegad789-1098.Pdf

    2 In memory of Jeffrey Martin Whittock (1927–2013), much-loved and respected father and papa. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people provided valuable advice which assisted in the preparation of this book; without them, of course, carrying any responsibility for the interpretations offered by the book. We are particularly indebted to our agent Robert Dudley who, as always, offered guidance and support, as did Simon Hamlet and Mark Beynon at The History Press. In addition, Bradford-on-Avon library, and the Wiltshire and the Somerset Library services, provided access to resources through the inter-library loans service. For their help and for this service we are very grateful. Through Hannah’s undergraduate BA studies and then MPhil studies in the department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic (ASNC) at Cambridge University (2008–12), the invaluable input of many brilliant academics has shaped our understanding of this exciting and complex period of history, and its challenging sources of evidence. The resulting familiarity with Old English, Old Norse and Insular Latin has greatly assisted in critical reflection on the written sources. As always, the support and interest provided by close family and friends cannot be measured but is much appreciated. And they have been patient as meal-time conversations have given way to discussions of the achievements of Alfred and Athelstan, the impact of Eric Bloodaxe and the agendas of the compilers of the 4 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 5 CONTENTS Title Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction 1 The Gathering
  • Download Saints and Sinners for FREE

    Download Saints and Sinners for FREE

    SAINTS AND SINNERS IN DARK AGE ENGLAND Charles Christian © Copyright Charles Christian 2020 Charles Christian has asserted his right to be identified as the author in accordance with sections 77 & 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. Jointly published as a downloadablePDFfile only by: Urban Fantasist Heart of Albion Oak Lodge, DarrowGreen Road, 2 Cross Hill Close, Wymeswold Denton, Harleston, Norfolk, England Loughborough, LE126UJ www.urbanfantasist.com www.hoap.co.uk CONTENTS Introduction Putting the Sex back into Wessex 2 A Very Brief History of Time 4 Chapter 1 Sinners: Vortigernand Rowena 7 Chapter 2 Saint: The Strange Death and Afterlife of King Edmund 12 Chapter 3 Saints and Sinner: The Scandalous Lives of Three SaxonQueens 23 Chapter 4 Sinner: EadricStreona, the Worst Man You’veNever Heard of 40 Chapter 5 Sinner: The Violent Life and Times of Roger Bigod 49 Afterword Having the Benefit of God on Your Side 59 About the Author 61 INTRODUCTION : PUTTING THE SEX BACK INTO WESSEX Although I’vealways enjoyed history (even the dull, dry stuff – and some of it can be drier than an Egyptian mummy’swrappings) what really intrigues me are those weird, almost surreal moments that leave you shaking your head in disbelief wondering “Whatever were they thinking?” Such as the time King John of England sent an assassin armed with a poisoned boiled egg to kill an ex-girlfriend. Yes, you read that correctly, the murder weapon was a poisoned boiled egg – you won’tfind that in Cluedo.
  • Cnut: Stability in England and Evolving Norman Connections

    Cnut: Stability in England and Evolving Norman Connections

    Cnut: Stability in England and evolving Norman connections When we think about Cnut what immediately springs to mind is the seemingly fatuous episode when he tried to stop the tide coming in at Bosham (or wherever). Much like Æthelred II’s modern nickname ‘the Unready’ (actually Unræd (ill-counselled), it is a ‘1066 and All That’ like myth propagated for centuries. No doubt we shall return to this at the end of this paper. Cnut was born c. 990, but Cnut’s (Knútr Sweynson’s) story is prefaced by that of his father Sweyn Forkbeard (Sweyn Haraldsson), king of Denmark, and his growing ambition to take England from Æthelred II. Æthelred II had paid off the Vikings who had constantly plagued England for two centuries many times. When they raided he often gave them danegeld to go away, with the price escalating on each occasion. The underlying difficulty was that many Danes had been long settled in England, mainly in the area of the Danelaw, and having put down their roots they were not about to leave. In 1001 Æthelred thought that he could pay the raiding Vikings to stop raiding permanently , giving them what at that time was the enormous sum of £24,000. Æthelred did not gain his nickname of Unræd for nothing, as neither he nor his advisors had learnt anything about the Danes, who would either keep coming back for more or were not actually in a position to leave, having put down roots, settled and married. In 1002 he was even more ill-advised as in reaction to being told, once it was only too clear that bribery was a foolish solution: ‘……….
  • Queens, Concubines and the Myth of Marriage More Danico: Royal Marriage Practice in Tenth and Eleventh-Century England

    Queens, Concubines and the Myth of Marriage More Danico: Royal Marriage Practice in Tenth and Eleventh-Century England

    1 Queens, Concubines and the Myth of Marriage More Danico: Royal Marriage Practice in tenth and eleventh-century England. J. L. Laynesmith Eadwig the All Fair, king of the English (r. 955-957/9), was, according to the majority of eleventh and twelfth century authors who described him, ‘a wanton youth, and one who misused his personal beauty in lascivious behaviour’.1 Chroniclers and hagiographers alike linked this ‘shameless conduct’ with Eadwig’s poor governance of the church and saw his loss of power in Mercia and Northumbria as apt divine punishment. Accounts of his vice centred on a beautiful kinswoman of his, Æthelgifu, and her daughter, Ælfgifu, who both ‘enticed him to intimacy’.2 According to the earliest Life of St Dunstan, matters came to a head in January 956 when Eadwig mysteriously abandoned his own coronation feast. Archbishop Oda demanded that the king be found and only Abbot Dunstan of Glastonbury dared to incur the royal wrath. He discovered Eadwig ‘wallowing between the two of them in evil fashion, as if in a vile sty’.3 Dunstan rebuked the women, hauled Eadwig to his feet and dragged the unwilling king back to his coronation banquet. Æthelgifu swore revenge and duly engineered Dunstan’s exile. In Eadmer’s Life of St Oda, the archbishop subsequently sent soldiers to seize the woman with whom the king had most frequently ‘cavorted in rude embraces’, probably meaning Ælfgifu.4 Oda then branded her on the face with a white hot iron and banished her to Ireland. When she recklessly tried to return to the kingdom she was captured at Gloucester where she was hamstrung ‘so that she could travel no further in pursuit of her vagrant and whorish way of life’.
  • Edgar Aethling

    Edgar Aethling

    Edgar the Ætheling Edgar (the) Ætheling (also spelt Æþeling, Aetheling, clearly inevitable and Edgar was in no position to fight it, Atheling or Etheling)[1] or Edgar II (c. 1051 – c. 1126) while he was without powerful adult relatives to champion was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic his cause. Accordingly, the Witenagemot elected Harold of Wessex (see House of Wessex family tree). He was Godwinson, the man best-placed to defend the country proclaimed, but never crowned, King of England in 1066. against the competing foreign claimants, to succeed Ed- ward. Following Harold’s death at the Battle of Hastings against 1 Family and early life the invading Normans in October, the Witanagemot as- sembled in London and elected Edgar king. The new Edgar was born in Hungary, where his father Edward the regime thus established was dominated by the most pow- Exile, son of King Edmund II Ironside, had spent most erful surviving members of the English ruling class, of his life, having been sent into exile after Edmund’s Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, Ealdred, Archbishop death and the conquest of England by the Danish king of York, and the brothers Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and Cnut the Great in 1016. His mother was Agatha, who Morcar, Earl of Northumbria. The commitment of these was described as a relative of the German Emperor, but men to Edgar’s cause, men who had so recently passed whose exact identity is unknown. He was his parents’ only over his claim to the throne without apparent demur, must son but had two sisters, Margaret and Cristina.
  • Recorda Splendidissima: the Use of Pipe Rolls in the Thirteenth Century* Richard Cassidy King’S College London

    Recorda Splendidissima: the Use of Pipe Rolls in the Thirteenth Century* Richard Cassidy King’S College London

    Recorda splendidissima: the use of pipe rolls in the thirteenth century* Richard Cassidy King’s College London Abstract The thirteenth-century English exchequer carefully retained pipe rolls and referred to them over many decades. Most writers have concentrated on the annual audit function of the rolls, but they had a much longer-term significance for the exchequer’s key task, collecting cash for the government. This article examines how the rolls were used to collect debts, and the procedures which made them manageable. It is based almost entirely on examples from pipe and memoranda rolls, mainly unpublished. It also demonstrates that use of the rolls is simpler than has recently been claimed. Thomas Madox, the great eighteenth-century authority on the exchequer, thought that its pipe rolls were, next to Domesday Book, ‘recorda, omnium quae in archivis Regiis usquam vidisse me memini, splendidissima’.1 Some more recent historians have been less positive. Nicholas Vincent suggested that ‘the pipe rolls were more or less useless as a means of calculating overall income and expenditure’.2 Mark Hagger studied the compilation of twelfth-century pipe rolls, and pointed out the difficulties in their use.3 Nick Barratt has written about the ossification of procedure after 1225 and the gradual decline of the pipe rolls as an indicator of royal finance.4 On the other hand, David Carpenter has defended the value of pipe rolls as records of outstanding debts and their repayment.5 In this context, perhaps it is necessary to look in more detail at the function of the pipe rolls, and the way in which they were used by the exchequer.