DOCSLIB.ORG

Processing and Properties of WC-Based Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn Metal Matrix Composites Produced Via Pressureless Infiltration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Processing and Properties of WC-Based Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn Metal Matrix Composites Produced Via Pressureless Infiltration Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Summer 2017 Processing and properties of WC-based Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn metal matrix composites produced via pressureless infiltration Paul M. Brune Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Brune, Paul M., "Processing and properties of WC-based Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn metal matrix composites produced via pressureless infiltration" (2017). Masters Theses. 7850. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7850 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF WC-BASED CU-NI-MN-ZN METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES PRODUCED VIA PRESSURELESS INFILTRATION by PAUL MICHAEL BRUNE A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CERAMIC ENGINEERING 2017 Approved by Greg E. Hilmas, Advisor Jeremy L. Watts Ronald J. O’Malley iii PUBLICATION THESIS OPTION This thesis consists of the following two articles which will have been or will be submitted for publication as follows. Paper I: Pages 22-39 entitled “The Wetting of TaC, B4C, WC, and SiC by Cu-Ni- Mn and Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn Alloys” are intended for submission to the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Paper II: Pages 40-57 entitled “The Processing and Properties of WC-based/Cu- Ni-Mn-Zn Metal Matrix Composites” are intended for submission to the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. iv ABSTRACT This research focuses on the processing and properties of tungsten carbide-based (WC-based) Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated by pressureless infiltration. The first goal of this project was to test the wettability of Cu-Ni-Mn and Cu- Ni-Mn-Zn on various carbides. The sessile drop technique was employed to determine if they were suitable candidates for pressureless infiltration. The carbides investigated were TaC, WC, B4C, and SiC. It was determined that both alloys had contact angles of less than 70° on TaC, WC, and B4C, which is one requirement for pressureless infiltration. However, both alloys reacted with B4C to produce graphite at the metal-ceramic interface. Since graphite is not wet by either alloy, the presence of graphite disqualified B4C as a candidate for pressureless infiltration. The second goal of the project was to establish a baseline for the hardness, transverse rupture strength (TRS), fracture toughness, and wear resistance of WC/Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn MMCs and examine the effect of substituting 10 vol. % of WC for VC, cBN, and TaC on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The baseline hardness, TRS, fracture toughness, and wear resistance were measured to be 3.3 ± 0.2 GPa, 838 ± 61 MPa, 20.7 ± 0.4 MPa•m1/2, and 20.8 ± 4.6 mm3, respectfully. The substitution of VC and cBN increased the porosity of the microstructure while decreasing hardness and TRS. The substitution of TaC also increased the porosity, but to a lesser extent as well as having little effect on the hardness resulting in a higher TRS with the TaC10 composition measuring 1000 ± 47 MPa. The substitution of VC and TaC increased the fracture toughness with the TaC3 composition measuring highest at 26.5 ± 0.3 MPa•m1/2. However, both the VC and the TaC10 compositions had a higher volume loss than the baseline in wear testing. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Gregory Hilmas, for his guidance and patience over the past two years. Without his council, I would have never considered becoming a ceramic engineer, and it was with his council that I, in part, decided to become a graduate student. I thank him for allowing me the opportunity to travel the country to present my research. Most of all, I would like to thank him for the opportunities and advice that he provided to me for teaching undergraduates both in the lab and in the classroom. Next, I would like to thank Dr. Jeremy Watts for his invaluable assistance in the laboratory and in writing. Without his guidance, I would have never made it through the past two years. I would also be considerably worse at racquetball. Thank you also to Dr. Fahrenholtz and Dr. O’Malley who provided me the tools and direction to pursue my research into the field of wetting and metal-ceramic interactions. Thank you to my peers in 307 for all of your help and support. They taught me how to operate much of the equipment necessary for my research and helped me build the equipment that was needed. They kept me on track when I needed it most, provided sound advice, and added to my understanding of ceramic processing. Thank you also to all the undergraduate researchers who contributed to this body of research, your help and input was invaluable. Finally, I would like to thank my family and my friends for always believing in me throughout the years. You are the source of my strength during long nights and the source of my inspiration when times get rough. Without you all, I would not have made it to where I am today. Thank you. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PUBLICATION THESIS OPTION ................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 3 2.1. PROPERTIES OF BASE MATERIALS ....................................................... 3 2.1.1. Tungsten Carbide. .............................................................................. 3 2.1.2. Tantalum Carbide. .............................................................................. 4 2.1.3. Vanadium Carbide. ............................................................................. 5 2.1.4. Silicon Carbide. .................................................................................. 5 2.1.5. Boron Carbide. ................................................................................... 6 2.1.6. Cubic Boron Nitride. .......................................................................... 8 2.1.7. Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn and Cu-Ni-Mn. ............................................................ 9 2.2. WETTABILITY AND THE RELATION TO INFILTRATION .................. 9 2.3. METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES .............................................................. 15 2.3.1. Processing of Metal Matrix Composites. ......................................... 15 vii 2.3.2. Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites. ....................... 16 2.3.2.1. Hardness. ............................................................................. 17 2.3.2.2. Transverse rupture strength................................................. 17 2.3.2.3. Elastic modulus. .................................................................. 18 2.3.2.4. Wear resistance. .................................................................. 19 2.3.2.5. Fracture toughness. ............................................................. 20 2.4. TUNGSTEN CARBIDE WITH CU-NI-MN-ZN ........................................ 21 PAPER I. THE WETTING OF TaC, B4C, WC, AND SiC BY Cu-Ni-Mn AND Cu-Ni- Mn-Zn ALLOYS...................................................................................................... 22 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ 22 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 23 2. PROCEDURE ................................................................................................. 25 2.1. Specimen Preparation .......................................................................... 25 2.2. Experimental ....................................................................................... 25 2.3. Analysis ............................................................................................... 26 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................... 26 3.1. Tantalum Carbide and Tungsten Carbide ............................................ 26 3.2. Boron Carbide ..................................................................................... 27 3.3. Silicon Carbide .................................................................................... 29 4. SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 30 viii FIGURES AND TABLES................................................................................... 32 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 36
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Is Cemented Carbide? the History of Cemented Carbide
    THE DESIGNER’S GUIDE TO TUNGSTEN CARBIDE THE DESIGNER’S GUIDE TO TUNGSTEN CARBIDE Chapter I - Background What is cemented carbide? Tungsten carbide (WC), also referred to as cemented carbide, is a composite material manufac- tured by a process called powder metallurgy. Tungsten carbide powder, generally ranging in proportion between 70%-97% of the total weight, is mixed with a binder metal, usually cobalt or nickel, compacted in a die and then sintered in a furnace. The term “cemented” refers to the tungsten carbide particles being captured in the metallic binder material and “ cemented” together, forming a metallurgical bond between the tungsten carbide particles and the binder (WC - Co), in the sintering process. The cemented carbide industry commonly refers to this material as simply “carbide”, although the terms tungsten carbide and cemented carbide are used interchangeably. If the permanent deformation of a material at failure is quite small, the material is labeled brittle; if the plastic deformation is very large, the material is called ductile. Carbide is classified techni- cally as a “brittle” material since it exhibits little or no plastic deformation preceding the initiation of a crack and total failure. Without the presence of the metallic binder phase, tungsten carbide could be considered a ceramic material much the same as silicon carbide or aluminum oxide. The definition of a ceramic material is the marriage of a metal to a nonmetal, for example silicon (metal) carbide (carbon, nonmetal), aluminum (metal) oxide (oxygen, non-metal), or silicon ni- tride. A cermet is a composite material composed of ceramic (cer) and metallic (met) materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Vanadium Carbide on Sintered WC-10%Co Produced By
    Sains Malaysiana 44(8)(2015): 1175–1181 Effects of Vanadium Carbide on Sintered WC-10%Co Produced by Micro-powder Injection Molding (Kesan Vanadium Karbida ke atas WC-10%Co Bersinter dihasilkan melalui Pengacuan Suntikan Serbuk Mikro) WONG YEE NING, NORHAMIDI MUHAMAD, ABU BAKAR SULONG*, ABDOLALI FAYYAZ & MUHAMMAD RAFI RAZA ABSTRACT Ultrafine, cemented tungsten carbide (WC) possesses exceptional hardness, wear resistance and high strength in various applications. In this study, WC was produced through micro powder injection molding (μPIM), which is also applicable for metals and ceramics in producing complex parts with high-dimensional accuracy. Different inhibitors, such as VC, Cr2C3, NbC, or TaC, were added to improve the mechanical properties of WC and control its grain growth. The effects of a grain growth inhibitor were investigated by adding VC in WC–10%Co–nVC, where n = 0 to 1.2 wt. %. The mechanical properties of the sintered part, such as hardness and flexural strength, were determined. The morphology and elemental distribution of the samples were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction was employed to study the phases of the obtained samples. The results showed that the sample with 0.4 wt. % VC (optimal amount) sintered at 1410°C exhibited the highest theoretical density, hardness and flexural strength of 95.2%, 1973±31HV and 2586±172 MPa, respectively. The average grain size measured was 519±27 nm. VC acted as a grain growth inhibitor during sintering, thereby improving the mechanical properties. Keywords: Flexure strength; grain growth inhibitor; microstructure; micro powder injection moulding; XRD ABSTRAK Ultra halus, tungsten karbida terikat (WC) memiliki ciri kekerasan yang tinggi, rintangan haus dan kekuatan yang tinggi dalam pelbagai aplikasi.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultra-Tool Speeds & Feeds Technical & Application Information
    Tech Flyer v2020.1 High-Performance Solid Carbide Round Tools Technical & Application Information ® American Made PERFORMANCE American Designed SERIES American Owned 2 rev2020.1 e v o l v e • • r e SOLID e v CARBIDE s l o o l v v n e i 19 T E A M 72 HUNTINGTON American Made BEACH American Designed American Owned Creating Value through Efficiency by utilizing progressive Quality, Manufacturing, Human Resource & Technological applications. SmoothFlute Patented Variable Helix design for robust stability in deep axial cuts SmoothGrind SmoothCoat Polished cutting surfaces Sputter-based SuperNitride for extreme sharpness PVD coating for superior surface and lubricity hardness & uniformity SmoothC ntricity Precision grinding, tool holding, SmoothEdge and tolerances for minimized TIR Surface and edge preparation for lubricity and minimized tool break-in -Grain® Laser etching for permanent ® ntilate. The World’s finest, purest toolVe identification sub-micron tungsten carbide powders Designed & Manufactured in the USA • ultra-tool.com ar safety glasses. Read MSDS. We r. of California to cause cancer (Proposition 65). RNING: Grinding causes hazardous dust. ols may shatte This product contains a chemical known to the State To WA Tight tolerance shanks with superior roundness are shrink-fit ready . e . Sales offices in ® ntilate Ve Florida & California Process control ID# on Designed & Manufactured in the USA • ultra-tool.com Made in the USA for 45 years ar safety glasses. Read MSDS. We product label ensures r. Performance Guaranteed total traceability
    [Show full text]
  • High-Temperature Wear of Cemented Tungsten Carbide Tools While Machining Particleboard and Fiberboard
    J Wood Sci (1999) 45:445-455 © The Japan Wood Research Society 1999 Jamal Y. Sheikh-Ahmad • John A. Bailey High-temperature wear of cemented tungsten carbide tools while machining particleboard and fiberboard Received: March 10, 1999 / Accepted: May 31, 1999 Abstract Published research on the wear processes of ce- For almost three decades the use of cemented tungsten mented tungsten carbide tools used for machining reconsti- carbide cutting tools in the wood-working industry has pro- tuted wood products was reviewed, and the current state of vided significant improvements in tool life, primarily be- knowledge in this area was evaluated. Underlying assump- cause of the superior hardness of these alloys compared to tions and conclusions regarding high-temperature oxida- that of carbon steels, tool steels, and cast cobalt alloys (e.g., tion/corrosion wear during machining were examined in stellite). The improvement in tool life has been particularly view of known reaction kinetics of cemented tungsten significant in machining abrasive materials, such as silica- carbide alloys in oxidative and corrosive environments at containing tropical wood species (e.g., melapi) and reconsti- temperatures that may occur at the cutting edge. This ex- tuted wood products (e.g., particleboard and fiberboard). amination indicated that some wear mechanisms other than Cemented tungsten carbides are most commonly used in high-temperature oxidation/corrosion are likely to be rate- the wood-working industry as tipping material and inserts controlling when machining reconstituted wood products for circular saws and peripheral milling machines. Despite such as particleboard and fiberboard. their wide use, little is known concerning their wear behav- ior, especially in the high-speed machining of reconstituted Key words Cemented tungsten carbide • Machining • Wear wood products.
    [Show full text]
  • SILVER BRAZING FILLER METALS for TUNGSTEN CARBIDE and PCD for Brazing Tungsten Carbide and Tungsten Carbide Backed Poly-Crystalline Diamond Pieces
    Metal Joining SILVER BRAZING FILLER METALS FOR TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AND PCD for brazing tungsten carbide and tungsten carbide backed poly-crystalline diamond pieces CONTENTS PRODUCTS AT A GLANCE Products at a glance 2 Compositions TM For Brazing Tungsten Carbide and 3 Argo-braze products Alloy System Ag Cu Zn Ni have the following Poly-crystalline Diamond compositions: Additional Elements Mn In Tri-foil Products For Brazing 4 Tungsten Carbide Standard products are supplied to conform to ISO17672. Special products conform to proprietary Johnson Matthey specifications. Recommended Uses For These 5 TM Argo-braze Products Uses for the Products Technical 5 TM These Argo-braze products are most commonly used to form joints on a combination of the following Key 7 materials: Tungsten carbide and tungsten carbide backed poly-crystalline diamond Carbon/low alloy, tool and stainless steel* Note: *Special considerations apply if stainless steel joints are exposed to water in service Other materials such as cast iron and aluminium bronze Conditions for Use The Argo-brazeTM products are intended for use by brazing in air using a hand torch, fixed burner system, high frequency induction or resistance heating method. They should be used with a compatible brazing flux. This can be introduced to the joint by applying a separate flux powder or paste, or a brazing paste with a flux binder system. 2 Metal Joining products FOR BRAZING TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AND POLY-CRYSTALLINE DIAMOND These products have been formulated as brazing filler metals for the joining of tungsten carbide or poly-crystalline diamond pieces where the greatest dimension does not exceed 20mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceramic End Mill Comparison with Inconel®718
    TOOL NEWS B228A Ceramic End Mills CERAMIC Corner Radius End Mills Ultra high productivity for nickel based heat resistant alloys CERAMIC Ceramic End Mills CERAMIC Corner Radius End Mills From diffi cult-to-cut to easy-to-cut! Generation of cutting heat theory Feature of Ni based heat-resistant alloy Ni based difficult-to-cut heat resistant alloys such Tensile strength as Inconel®718 soften at temperatures exceeding 1472ºF. At these temperatures, difficult-to-cut Bearing materials become easier to machine because their bearing and tensile strengths are lowered. Ceramic end mills can work effectively at these high temperatures and self generate the heat required to soften the machined material through Tensile Strength, Tensile Bearing strength [Mpa] ultra-high feeds and speeds. Temperature 1472°F High temperature hardness of cemented carbide and ceramic Ceramic Cemented carbide end mills whose material strength is significantly reduced in a temperature Cemented carbide zone exceeding 1472ºF, cannot increase machining speed and perform large depth of cut machining at high temperatures, in contrast ceramic end mills can preform machining at Hardness[Hv] high temperatures because the strength is not reduced even at 1472°F. Temperature 1472°F 1 Features Seamless grinding technology Optimum ceramic grade for provides greater chipping resistance Heat Resistant Super Alloy even during extreme roughing applications. applications Optimized helix angle to reduce cutting force and to prevent pull-out during milling. 4-flute type for pocketing and slotting,
    [Show full text]
  • Cemented Carbidescarbides Forfor Powderpowder Metalmetal Toolingtooling Applicationsapplications
    AdvancedAdvanced CementedCemented CarbidesCarbides forfor PowderPowder MetalMetal ToolingTooling ApplicationsApplications Dr. Leonid I. Frayman Chief Metallurgist 41th Anniversary 41th Anniversary Presented at MPIF “PM Compacting & Tooling” 1968-2009 1968-2009 Seminar (October 27-28, 2009. Cleveland, OH.) CARBIDES?… ……WWhhaatt ddoo wwee kknnooww aabboouutt tthheemm?? Agenda: What is a cemented carbide? Why do we use cemented carbide in PM? What advancements have been made for PM tooling applications in: - carbide processing and manufacturing? - carbide grade development? - carbide failure analysis and troubleshooting? WhatWhat isis CementedCemented Carbide?Carbide? Definition: Cemented Carbide is a composite material of a soft binder metal usually either Cobalt (Co) or Nickel (Ni) or Iron (Fe) or a mixture thereof and hard carbides like WC (Tungsten Carbide), Mo2C (Molybdenum Carbide), TaC (Tantalum Carbide), Cr3C2 (Chromium Carbide), VC (Vanadium Carbide), TiC (Titanium Carbide), etc. or their mixes. Carbides: Selected Mechanical Properties. Carbide Vickers (HV) Hardness @ Various Rockwell Hardness Ultimate Compressive Transverse Modulus of Formula Temperatures, oC (oF) @ Room Strength, Rupture Strength, Elasticity, Temperature, MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) GPa (106 ksi) 20 oC (78 oF) 730 oC (1350 oF) HRa TiC* 2930 640 93 1330-3900 (193-522) 280-400 (40.6-58.0) 370 (52.9) HfC* 2860 - 84 - - - VC* 2800 250 83 620 (89.9) 70 (10.1) 360 (51.4) NbC 2400 350 83 1400 (203) - 270 (38.5) * TaC* 1570 800 82 - - 470 (68,2) - - 81 100 (14.5) 170-380 ((24.7-55.1) 280 (40.0) Cr3C2* - - 2700 (392) 50 (7.3) Mo2C* 74 375 (53.6) WC* 2400 280 81 2700-3600 (392-522) 530-560 (76.9-81.2) 665 (95) *NOTE: TiC-Titanium Carbide; HfC-Hafnium Carbide; VC-Vanadium Carbide; NbC-Niobium Carbide; TaC-Tantalum Carbide; Cr3C2 - Chromium Carbide; Mo2C - Molybdenum Carbide; WC-Tungsten Carbide.
    [Show full text]
  • Machining Recommendations WHAT IS TOOLOX?
    Machining Recommendations WHAT IS TOOLOX? Toolox® is a modern quenched and tempered prehardened engineering and tool steel, delivered with measured and guaranteed mechanical properties. The basic idea is to save you time by delivering Toolox heat treated and ready to use. It provides you with lower costs, reduced risks and saves you valuable time in your production process due to its excellent machinability. This combined with the benefit of working with the hardest prehardened tool steel in the world gives you a simple to use material with a wide variety of uses. Toolox is based on the same low carbon content as in Hardox® and Strenx®, but it is specially developed for tools and machine components working at high temperatures. It has excellent fatigue properties, and you can increase the surface hardness with nitriding or PVD coatings to gain more control over the service life of your tools or components. In the information that follows, you will find our recommendations of tools to process Toolox. Similar tools from other suppliers might work, but here are the ones we have tested so far. SHORTER LEAD TIME FROM CONCEPT TO PRODUCTION 1. Your customer has an idea 2. Manufacturing 3. Transport 4. Quenching and tempering 5. Adjusting 6. Production 2 WHAT IS TOOLOX? DRILLING RECOMMENDATIONS HSS DRILLS Use only HSS drills when you have unstable machine conditions. If the machine conditions are good you can use different solid/brazed cemented carbide drill or drills with exchangeable heads. HSS-Co Use an HSS-Co HSS Individual holes can be drilled drill (8% Co) with a HSS-E with an ordinary HSS drill.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Coated Carbide Tools
    The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) ||Volume||2 ||Issue|| 6 ||Pages|| 47-54||2013|| ISSN(e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN(p): 2319 – 1805 Performance of Coated Carbide Tools M. Narasimha1,R. Reiji Kumar2, Achamyelehaemro Kassie3 1,2,3School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, , ------------------------------------------------------ABATRACT---------------------------------------------------------- There are different types of cutting tools in use for machining various materials for the multiple operations in order to produce components.The manufacturers of these components expect to improving their productivity, quality of the components and longer life of the cutting tools. Similarly the customers also expect the quality and durability of the product at competitive price.The tool manufacturers also aims at producing quality tools to with stand for higher cutting forces, thermal resistivity with more wear resistance and to give longer life of the tool, to produce better surface finish product and maintain desired dimensional accuracies of the product. For the past several years the materials of the cutting tools are the same, but due to continuous improvements in enhancing the life of the cutting tools, different methods/process are in progress for producing the tools. The cutting tool manufacturers with their rich R&D experience and continuous innovations, carrying on their production activity to meet the challenges of the market demand. In this paper the analysis is made for the performance of various coated carbide cutting tools in machining the steel AISI 1018. In this review, the machining performance of coated tungsten based cemented carbides, were investigated during finish turning of AISI 1018 steel under dry conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Insert Grades Grades Insert A1 to A37 a A
    Insert Grades Insert Grades A1 to A37 A A A Grades for Turning …………………………………… A2 Grades for Milling …………………………………… A3 Grade Comparison Chart (CVD / PVD Coated Grades) ……………………… A4 (Cermet, Cemented Carbide, Ceramic) ………… A6 (CBN, Polycrystalline Diamond) ………………… A7 Chipbreaker Comparison Chart …………………… A8 Chipbreaker and Grade Selection Guide for Turning For Steel Turning ………………………………… A10 For Stainless Steel Turning …………………… A14 For Cast Iron turning …………………………… A16 For Exotic Alloy Turning ………………………… A18 For Hardened Steel Turning …………………… A20 For Non-Ferrous Metal Turning ……………… A22 For Small Lathes ………………………………… A24 Coated Carbide …………………………………… A26 Cermet ……………………………………………… A29 Cemented Carbide ………………………………… A30 CBN ………………………………………………… A32 Polycrystalline Diamond ………………………… A34 Ceramic …………………………………………… A36 Material Properties ……………………………… A37 A1 Grades for Turning Work Material General Steel (Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel), Mild Steel Stainless Steel Cast Iron Wear Resistance Fracture Resistance Wear Resistance Fracture Resistance Wear Resistance Fracture Resistance Classification Q P01 P10 P20 P30 P40 Q M01 M10 M20 M30 M40 Q K01 K10 K20 K30 AC8015P C AC6020M C AC4010K C C AC8020P AC6030M C AC4015K C C AC8025P C AC6040M AC420K C P Insert Grades AC8035P Coated Carbide C C C C AC610M AC630M AC8025P AC810P C A AC820P C AC405K C C A26 AC830P AC415K AC1030U AC1030U AC1030U For Small Lathes P P P A24 P AC530U P AC530U P AC530U P T1500Z Coated T2500Z Cermet P A29 P T3000Z T1000A T1000A Cermet T1500A T1000A T1500A A29 T2500A Cemented Carbide
    [Show full text]
  • Microstructure Investigations of WC-Co Cemented Carbide Containing ɳ-Phase and Cr
    ISSN: 1401-5773. UPTEC Q 18024 Examensarbete 30 hp Juni 2018 Microstructure investigations of WC-Co cemented carbide containing ɳ-phase and Cr Sofia Tran Mikrostruktur utredning av hårdmetall innehållande η-fas och Cr Sofia Tran Hårdmetaller består ofta av WC och Co. Hårdmetallen produceras genom att sintra pulver av de önskade elementen. I detta fall är elementen W, C och Co. Sintring är en process som sammanfogar fasta partiklar till större objekt. I en hårdmetall av WC och Co, brukar WC kallas för den hårda fasen och Co för bindefas, då Co smälter vid uppvärmningen och binder ihop de fasta WC-kornen som ett lim när de har stelnat. Den hårda fasen är generellt det som ger materialet dess hårdhet och bindefasen, dess slagseghet. För skärande bearbetning av material som stål, används skär av hårdmetall då de har en bra kombination av hårdhet och seghet. Ett exempel på en skärande bearbetningsmetod är fräsning, där man använder sig av roterande skär för att avverka material på arbetsmaterialet. Det är viktigt att skäret har en högre hårdhet än arbetsmaterialet för att skäret ska kunna avverka materialet. Skären måste även ha egenskaper som motstånd mot nötning och hög slagseghet samt hårdhet vid höga temperaturer. Detta är egenskaper som krävs för att skäret inte ska förlora sin prestanda under bearbetning samt att den ska ha en längre livslängd. För att nå upp till dessa krav på skären till fräsningen, måste segheten vara hög vilket fås genom att öka innehållet av bindefasen i sammansättningen. Men detta brukar ofta leda till en lägre hårdhet i en WC-Co hårdmetall.
    [Show full text]
  • Niobium in Tool Steels and Cemented Carbides
    NIOBIUM IN TOOL STEELS AND CEMENTED CARBIDES Franz Jeglitsch Institute for Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing University of Leoben Franz-Josef-Strasse 18 8700 Leoben, Austria Abstract Niobium is an element of high affinity towards carbon and forms a very stable carbide. Therefore it is well suited as a carbide-forming alloying element in the production of tool steels and hard metal alloys. This paper first deals with the metallurgical fundamentals, such as the influence of niobium on the solidification behaviour of high speed steels, segregation of the MC-carbides during solidification, effect of the solidification rate on the precipitation of mono- carbides, solubility of niobium in austenite, effect on secondary hardness, M2C decomposition and methods for the achievement of higher niobium-contents in high-speed steels. In a second part selected examples of use are referred to in the categories of high speed steels, hot working tool steels, cold working tool steels and steels for plastic moulds. A short summary of niobium in cemented carbide completes the paper. Introduction Niobium is an element in group 5a of the periodic table and, as do the elements vanadium and tantalum of the same group and the elements of groups 4a and 6a, it forms, together with small atomic elements such as carbon, nitrogen, boron and silicon, very stable carbides, nitrides, borides and silicides, which are classified as hard metal alloys. The hard metal alloys (and also NbC) are mainly metallically bonded, have free electrons with overlapping valence - and conduction band and are suitable electrical and thermal conductors. Their high bond energy results in a high modulus of elasticity and a high melting point.
    [Show full text]