DOCSLIB.ORG

Ari Friedlander

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ari Friedlander Promiscuous Generation: Rogue Sexuality and Social Reproduction in Early Modern England by Robert A. Friedlander A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Valerie J. Traub, Chair Professor Michael C. Schoenfeldt Associate Professor Helmut Puff Associate Professor Douglas Trevor To Stephanie ii Acknowledgements It is a great pleasure to acknowledge my debt to Valerie Traub, whose confidence in myself and my work sustained me at those moments when the dissertation seemed both too much and not enough. I will be forever grateful for all that she has taught me about being a scholar, a mentor, a colleague, and a friend. My dissertation committee deserves thanks for their gracious generosity and incisive engagement with my work. In the forest of the dissertation, an enthusiastic and exacting Michael Schoenfeldt always reminded me to keep looking for the trees. Doug Trevor offered both precise criticism and profoundly nourishing optimism. Helmut Puff brought twin advantages to this project: a historian’s sensitivity to social conditions and a critic’s appreciation of language. In various classrooms, offices, hallways, and homes, I have been inspired by conversations with my professors at Michigan, especially Linda Gregerson, David Halperin, Barbara Hodgdon, Scotti Parrish, Bill Ingram, Jeffrey Knight, John Kucich, Arthur Marroti, Jeffery Masten, Steven Mullaney, Cathy Sanok, and Ralph Williams. From the first week of graduate school, Marjorie Levinson made me feel like I was in the right place by balancing her fearless intellect with sparkling bonhomie. I would like to thank Michigan’s Institute for the Humanities for funding a wonderful year of intellectual exchange and espresso consumption. I am grateful to all the participants in our weekly seminars, but owe a special debt to Danny Herwitz, Valerie Kivelson, Keith Mitnick, and Claire Zimmerman for their friendship and support. For intellectual and emotional support, I have to thank my friends and fellow students at Michigan: Yanina Arnold, Stephanie Batkie, Kenston Bauman, Andrew Bozio, Katie Brokaw, Christina Chang, John Cords, Topher Davis, Heidi Gearhart, Daniel Hershenzon, Gavin Hollis, Monica Huerta, Alan Itkin, David Lavinsky, Joanna Patterson, Bob Rich, Amy Rodgers, Marjorie Rubright, Guillermo Salas, Jonathan Smith, Stephen Spiess, Chad Thomas, Mike Tondre, Katie Will, and Rebecca Wiseman. Ori Weisberg and Ilana Blumberg kindly welcomed me into their wonderful family, and their house became my home away from home. During two years spent in Philadelphia, the English department at the University of Pennsylvania offered an extraordinary level of hospitality and camaraderie. For warmly welcoming me into their intellectual community, I would like to thank Urvashi Chakravarty, Scott Enderle, Rachael Nichols, Rosemary O’Neill, Mearah Quinn-Brauner, and Thomas Ward. The early modern faculty at Penn – Margreta de Grazia, Zachary iii Lesser, Ania Loomba, Melissa Sanchez, Peter Stallybrass, and David Wallace – were also extremely gracious in listening to questions and offering advice. I had the outrageous good fortune to begin my studies in the Renaissance under the tutelage of three marvelous teachers: Julie Crawford, Frances Dolan, and Jean Howard. Their continued friendship and guidance has meant the world to me. My immediate family – Dad, Mindy, Eric and Sima – deserve special thanks for accepting my at times single-minded devotion to the Renaissance with more good cheer than puzzlement, and for continuing to love and support me during my scholarly peregrinations. I am grateful to the Elsky clan for incorporating me into their family and enriching my understanding of friendship, family, and feasting. This dissertation is dedicated to Stephanie Elsky, my autem mort, who has the miraculous ability to give my life and my work both shape and meaning. Finally, I would like to remember my mother, Frances Friedlander. Her vivid tales of work at the criminal division of the Bronx County Supreme Court prepared me for this dissertation, and this life, better than she knew. iv Table of Contents Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures vi Abstract vii Chapter 1. Introduction: Desire and Increase 1 2. “This Untoward Generation of Loose Libertines”: Sexual Crime and Criminal Sexuality in Early Modern English Rogue Literature 29 3. Pressed Men: Biopolitics and Sodomy in Shakespeare’s 1 Henry IV 77 4. Mastery, Masculinity, and Sexual Cozening in Ben Jonson’s Epicoene 105 5. Barricadoes for Bellies: Sexual Regulation and Communal Reproduction in The Winter’s Tale 134 6. Coda: The Vice is of a Great Kindred 164 Bibliography 169 v List of Figures Figure 1. Title Page of Robert Greene’s A Notable Discovery of Coosenage (London, 1592) 9 2. Frontispiece to Robert Greene’s The Second Part of Connie-catching (London, 1592) 11 3. Title Page of Robert Greene’s A Disputation Betweene a Hee Conny-Catcher, and a Shee Conny-catcher (London, 1592) 12 4. Title Page of The Defence of Conny Catching (London, 1592) 13 5. “A readie forme for a speedie inspection of the poore,” from An Ease for Overseers of the Poore (London, 1601) 86 6. Woodcut of Cross-biting, here called Fool-taking, title page to Robert Greene’s The Thirde and Last Part of Conny-Catching (London, 1592) 112 vi Abstract This dissertation argues that early modern popular pamphlets, moralist literature, legal statutes, and stage drama consistently represent the criminal underclass – or “rogues,” as they were called – in sexualized terms, as a “promiscuous generation” consumed by “sensuall lust.” These texts construct a causal connection between the supposed immoderate sexuality of the vagrant poor, the deceitful conman, and the wily prostitute and their alleged prodigious fertility, forging tight links between sexual activity, biological reproduction, and the increase of the criminal poor. While literary and cultural critics have commonly consigned rogues to the margins of early modern culture, where they are thought to mark the boundaries of their society, my dissertation demonstrates that rogue sexuality can be found at the center of stage depictions of the English court, capital, and nation. The first half of my dissertation focuses on the biological threat posed by rogues in a range of popular literatures and in Shakespeare’s 1 Henry IV. The second half examines the role of rogue sexuality in the performance of masculinity and femininity in Ben Jonson’s Epicoene and Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale. By tracing the movement of rogue sexuality from a criminal to a more normative register, my project challenges the sharp distinctions that literary critics and historians of sexuality tend to draw between early modern discourses of orderly and disorderly sexuality; instead, it illuminates the often-unstable interplay between licit and illicit vii sexuality, thereby redefining the relationship between the normative and the criminal in early modern England. The analytical category of rogue sexuality also provides a new framework for interpreting the cultural logic of sexual reproduction in early modern England. That is, the early modern panic over the reproductive consequences of promiscuous rogue sexuality charts a movement from thinking about individual sexual sin to the social ramifications of reproductive behavior writ large, comprising part of the pre-history of the modern state’s interest in human reproductive life that Michel Foucault calls “biopower.” viii Chapter 1 Introduction: Desire and Increase Shakespeare’s sonnets, published in 1609, open with seventeen poems exhorting a young gentleman to marry and reproduce. This theme is established immediately, as the first line of the first poem reads “From fairest creatures we desire increase.”1 “Fair” appears to mean “beautiful” here, since the next line explains that we desire the reproduction of fair creatures “that thereby beauty’s Rose might never die” (1.2). “Fair” also means “gentle,” however, and like that word, it carries similar connotations of social difference – fair as opposed to coarse or vulgar.2 This line thus signals not only a conservationist approach to beauty, but also a propagandistic promotion of elite reproduction.3 Later in the sequence, this position is reinforced with a critique of lower class reproduction, advising “Let those whom nature hath not made for store,/ Harsh, featureless, and rude, barrenly perish” (11.9-10). The “ideological force of the imperious first line,” as Margreta de Grazia has described it, thus not only endorses rising elite reproduction, but as the lines from Sonnet 11 make clear, advocates a reduction in the 1 William Shakespeare, Shakespeare’s Sonnets, ed. Stephen Booth (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), 1.1. Subsequent references are cited parenthetically. 2 Margreta de Grazia writes “Fair is the distinguishing attribute of the dominant class” (emphasis in the original). See de Grazia, “The Scandal of Shakespeare’s Sonnets” Shakespeare Survey 46 (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993), 35-49, esp 45. 3 Lars Engle stresses the conservational aspect of the sonnets in Shakespearean Pragmatism: Market of his Time (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993), 27-53. 1 numbers of the unfair, as well.4 This contrast also implies an inverse relationship between the two populations: the increase of the fair is as good as the decrease of the rude. That there are some people from whom we desire decrease is also articulated in the procreation sonnets’ antecedent, Thomas Wilson’s translation of Erasmus’s “Epistle to Persuade a Young Gentleman to Marriage” (1553), which advises that those “whose kyndred is suche that it were better for the commune weale, they were all deade, than that any of that name shoulde be a lyve” should not marry.5 Erasmus expresses this reproductive calculus in ethical terms – the good of the commonwealth is hindered when evil men reproduce. Shakespeare’s “procreation” sonnets, however, reduce the ethics of reproductive fitness to a question of social status. To be fair is to be reproductively justified; to be otherwise is not.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms, Second Edition
    A DICTIONARY OF Literary and Thematic Terms Second Edition EDWARD QUINN A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms, Second Edition Copyright © 2006 by Edward Quinn All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Quinn, Edward, 1932– A dictionary of literary and thematic terms / Edward Quinn—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8160-6243-9 (hc : alk. paper) 1. Criticism—Terminology. 2. Literature— Terminology. 3. Literature, Comparative—Themes, motives, etc.—Terminology. 4. English language—Terms and phrases. 5. Literary form—Terminology. I. Title. PN44.5.Q56 2006 803—dc22 2005029826 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can fi nd Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfi le.com Text design by Sandra Watanabe Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America MP FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface v Literary and Thematic Terms 1 Index 453 Preface This book offers the student or general reader a guide through the thicket of liter- ary terms.
    [Show full text]
  • Rogues, Vagabonds and Sturdy Beggars, a New Gallery of Tudor
    poofe 3^ebieiusi Rogues, Vagabonds, and Sturdy Beggars: A New Gallery of Tudor and Early Stuart Rogue Literature edited by Arthur F. Kinney; 18 illusfrations by John Lawrence. 328 pp. $18.95, paper University of Massachusetts Press Reviewed by John Mucci. Mr. Mucci is Associate Editor of The Elizabethan Review. On the endless road of popular culture, there has always been a genre of entertainment which supposedly reveals the mysteries of the under­ world. Although whatever insight might be exposed, from the canting jargon to the details of a crime, accuracy seems to take a back seat to satisfying curiosity and a need for sensationalism. Today, there are interesting things to be leamed about ourselves by reading the pecuUar genre of EUzabethan pamphleteering known as rogue literature. Popular with all levels of literate society, these slender books purported to set down the manner by which con artists of all types might abscond with decent peoples' money and goods. Ostensibly written as a public service, to wam and arm society against rogues of all types, in their fascinating variety, they are an Elizabethan version of mob stories, with curious and lurid detail. This interest with the underworld and the seamiest side of life is one which has obvious parallels in modem times, particularly with readers who are most threatened by and distanced from such criminals. This so-caUed practical element of defending the populace against these all-too-prevalent creatures falls to second place against the pleasure ofreading about others who have been hoodwinked by them (and better still, hearing the details about rogues who have been caught in the act and punished).
    [Show full text]
  • Picaresque Translation and the History of the Novel.Pdf
    The Picaresque, Translation and the History of the Novel. José María Pérez Fernández University of Granada 1. Introduction The picaresque as a generic category originates in the Spanish Siglo de Oro, with the two novels that constitute the core of its canon—the anonymous Lazarillo de Tormes (1554) and Mateo Alemán’s Guzmán de Alfarache (1599, 1604). In spite of the fact that definitions of the picaresque are always established upon these Spanish foundations, it has come to be regarded as a transnational phenomenon which also spans different periods and raises important questions about the nature and definition of a literary genre. After its appearance in the Spanish 16th century, picaresque fiction soon spread all over Europe, exerting a particularly important influence during the 17th and 18th centuries in Germany, France and above all England, after which its impact diminished gradually. A study of the picaresque calls for a dynamic, flexible, and open-ended model. When talking about the picaresque we should not countenance it as a solid and coherent whole, but rather as a fluid set of features that had a series of precedents, an important foundational moment in the Spanish 16th and 17th centuries, and then spread out in a non-linear way. It grew instead into a complex web whose heterogeneous components were brought together by the fact that these new varieties of prose fiction were responding to similar cultural, social and economic realities. These new printed artefacts resulted from the demands of readers as consumers and the policies of publishers and printers as producers of marketable goods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Narrator of Don Juan DAVID PARKER
    The Narrator of Don Juan DAVID PARKER S a poet and as a man, Byron was a poseur, every• one agrees, but some of Byron's posturing is more A * interesting than most poets' sincerity, and by no means everyone disapproves of it. Nevertheless, for those like myself who feel that what there is of value in Byron is not to be dissociated from this posturing, there is a problem; not one that immediately affects our enjoyment of the poetry, but one that can ultimately do so, once we start puzzling about meaning: it is often difficult to know who is saying what is said, how seriously, and with what shade of irony, if any. The problem has been complicated by current intellectual fashions. Problems of identity are all the go, and it is tempting to see Byron as a Regency Borges with a passion for masks, as a precursor of exis• tentialism, or as a devotee of the absurd. I think he probably does have some importance in the history of these phenomena, but simply to say that Byron was doing what lots of writers today are trying to do seems to me neither accurate, nor a good way of seeing where he stands in literary history, nor indeed a reason why we should admire what he wrote. One critic who has managed to state the problem, with• out falling into the pedantry encouraged by intellectual fashion, is John Wain.1 Byron's failure to establish his own true identity, he argues, prevented him from having "a fully successful relationship with his poetic imagina• tion." Byron's method, he suggests, was to project an image of himself, "and then let the image do the writing." Because he lacked the confidence to look deeply into his own mind, he fell into the trap of projecting oversimplified images, who wrote oversimplified poetry for him.
    [Show full text]
  • Elizabethan Fiction WS 2020-2021 Prof
    Elizabethan Fiction WS 2020-2021 Prof. Dr. Monika Fludernik [email protected] Office hours: posted on my door Wednesday 10-12 IN PRAESENTIA R 3 | Peterhof START: Wednesday, 4 November 2020 Standard literary histories claim that the novel was invented in the early eighteenth century, usually citing Defoe's Robinson Crusoe as its first instance. However, the Elizabethan period and the seventeenth century already had a large number of prose texts in circulation. Some of these are considered romances, some of them picaresque fiction (also called picaresque novels), some are generically peculiar and cannot be easily fitted into any of the standard categories. We will discuss a few prominent examples of Elizabethan prose narratives, among them John Lily's Euphues, George Gascoignes The Adventures of Master F. J., Thomas Nashe, The Unfortunate Traveller, Thomas Deloneys Jack of Newbury (all included in Salzman's anthology) as well as Sir Philip Sidney's Old Arcadia. Xeroxes will be made available of other texts. We will also read two utopias, More's Utopia and Francis Bacon's New Atlantis. Xeroxes will be made available of other texts. Requirements: active class participation, 5-minute oral report, seminar paper to be handed in by March 29, 2021. Texts to buy: Salzman, Paul (2008) An Anthology of Elizabethan Prose Fiction [1987]. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sidney, Philip (2008) The Old Arcadia [1985]. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bruce, Susan (2008) Ed. Three Early Modern Utopias: Thomas More: Utopia / Francis Bacon: New Atlantis / Henry Neville: The Isle of Pines [1999].
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Dynamic Picaresque Novel
    UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2008 Wayward fictions: A study of the dynamic picaresque novel Tina Ogorek University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Ogorek, Tina, "Wayward fictions: A study of the dynamic picaresque novel" (2008). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2864. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/zoff-l51p This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WAYWARD FICTIONS: A STUDY OF THE DYNAMIC PICARESQUE NOVEL by Tina Ogorek Zwischenpriifung Lehramt Englisch, Spanisch (L 4) (Intermediate Exam English, Spanish Teacher) Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin 1996 Erste (Wissenschaftliche) Staatspriifung fur das Amt des Studienrats [First (Scientific) Qualifying Examination, State of Berlin] Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Landesamt fur Lehramtspriifungen Berlin 2000 Zweite Staatspriifung fiir das Amt des Studienrats (Second Licensing Examination, State of Berlin) Priifungsamt fiir Lehramtspriifungen Berlin 2004 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in English Department of English College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas August 2008 UMI N um ber: 3383 9 8 8 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Elizabethan Houses of Correction Austin Van Der Slice
    Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 27 Article 4 Issue 1 May-June Summer 1936 Elizabethan Houses of Correction Austin Van der Slice Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Austin Van der Slice, Elizabethan Houses of Correction, 27 Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology 45 (1936-1937) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. ELIZABETHAN HOUSES OF CORRECTION* AusTiN VAN DER SLICEt In 1589 the bench of aldermen of Amsterdam objected to pro- nouncing the usual death sentence for theft on a sixteen year old boy. They urged the burgomaster to find a better way to deal with juvenile offenders. They suggested that they be compelled to labor, to give up their evil habits and amend their lives. Finally it was ordered that a house should be established for the confinement of vagabonds and criminals. Here they should be imprisoned and put to work for as long a time as the magistrates ordered. An old" con- vent was set aside for the purpose and the Amsterdam house of correction was opened, in 1596, with twelve inmates.- We have the regulations for this establishment.2 Their probable date is between 1599 and 1602. From the regulations we find that a board of regents consisting of four burghers met regularly each week to supervise the government of the institution.
    [Show full text]
  • "That Inimitable Art": Magic in Early Modern English Culture Meredith Molly Hand
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 "That Inimitable Art": Magic in Early Modern English Culture Meredith Molly Hand Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES “THAT INIMITABLE ART”: MAGIC IN EARLY MODERN ENGLISH CULTURE By MEREDITH MOLLY HAND A Dissertation submitted to the Department of English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2009 The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Meredith Molly Hand defended on March 2, 2009. Bruce Boehrer Professor Directing Dissertation John Corrigan Outside Committee Member Gary Taylor Committee Member Daniel Vitkus Committee Member Nancy Warren Committee Member Approved: Ralph Berry, Chair, Department of English The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii For Aili and Myrtie, Larry and Raija, Jonathan, and Eric. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I’ve accumulated numerous debts, personal and professional, while working on this project. First, I must thank Bruce Boehrer, who was all one could ask for in an advisor. I count myself fortunate to have written this dissertation under his supervision; I’ve certainly benefited from his astonishing breadth of knowledge. Gary Taylor, Daniel Vitkus, and Nancy Warren were excellent committee members, and I am grateful to each of them for their generosity in providing feedback at various stages. I owe special thanks to Gary Taylor for inviting me to work as a research assistant on the Oxford Middleton.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad De Sevilla CRIMINAL LITERATURE and the RISE of the NOVEL
    FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE LITERATURA INGLESA Y NORTEAMERICANA Universidad de Sevilla TESIS DOCTORAL CRIMINAL LITERATURE AND THE RISE OF THE NOVEL PILAR DE LOS ÁNGELES PEÑA GIL DIRECTORA: DRA. DÑA. MERCEDES SALVADOR BELLO Sevilla, Octubre de 2015 1 2 To the very many who gave me oxygen when I was breathless. With a special thanks to Mercedes and Oisín for their unconditional support. 3 Contents Conventions 6 Introduction 7 Theoretical Aspects 15 1. Defining the Novel …………...………………………………..…………………………………………….. 15 2. The Rise of the English Novel Reconsidered……….…................................................ 28 2.1. The Romance and the Novel. From Clara Reeve to Michael McKeon ……………. 30 2.2. The Eighteenth Century and the Sociological Changes Giving Way to the Rise of the Novel. Ian Watt……………………...……………………………………………………………………..37 2.3. Innovation through Tradition. John Richetti and Lennard Davis. Northrop Frye and the Theory of the Modes …………………………………………………………………………….. 45 2.4. Theories Relating the Rise of the Novel with Criminality and the Broadside Tradition ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 50 3. Criminal Literature, a Historical Perspective…..…………………………………………………… 53 3.1. Criminal Writings in the Middle Ages…………………………….….………………………….57 3.2. Robin Hood and the Criminal as a Sympathetic Character………..……………………60 3.3. Chapbooks and Jest-books…………………………………………………………………………….63 3.4. Spanish Picaresque Narrative and Rogue Literature……………………………………...71 3.5. The Rise of a Native Criminal Genre ……………………………………………………...........79 3.5.1. Conny-cathing Pamphlets ………………………………………………………………….80 3.5.2. The Domestic Tragedy………………………………………………………………………..87 3.5.2.1. Drama and Executions……………………………….……………………………………..94 4 3.6. Early Criminal Biographies……………………………………………………………………………101 4. The Eighteenth Century and the Rise of Crime………………………………………………….107 5. The Female Criminal ……………………………………………………………………………………….…115 Text Analysis 122 1. Proto-journalistic and Legal Writings ………………………………….…….........................123 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • English Language & Literature
    English Language & Literature (ENGLISH) 1 ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE (ENGLISH) Courses ENGLISH 100T TOEFL Preparation Credits: 1-3 This course will prepare students to take the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), in either the paper-based (PBT) or internet-based (iBT) form, and/or to improve their scores from previous attempts. Exercises focus on developing the skills and strategies necessary for navigating TOEFL questions while continuing to develop the general English language skills that support success on the TOEFL. The course will provide students with a personal awareness of strengths and weaknesses so they may focus their test preparation work in and outside of class. This course carries no credit toward graduation in the College of Arts and Sciences. ENGLISH 110 Introduction to Academic Prose Credits: 3 This course introduces students to college-level reading, writing, and rhetorical analysis. Students will analyze and create texts, focusing on threshold concepts of writing, multiple rhetorical situations, and cultural matters related to writing. Students will also learn to analyze, revise and edit their own work, and use academic documentation. ENGLISH 120 Literary Monstrosities Credits: 3 This course explores representations of monsters in literature. Students are introduced to different ways of thinking about monstrosities from a range of cultural and historical perspectives, as well as through a variety of materials in order to approach this question from an interdisciplinary perspective. ENGLISH 123 True Lives: Autobiographical Arts and Acts Credits: 3 This course explores life writing and other autobiographical practices. Students will read and analyze a variety of life writing forms and think critically about life writing in various cultural, historical, and social contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Living on the Margins and Beyond
    Language living on the margins and beyond A historical pragmatic study of marginal vocabulary use in eighteenth-century English Roxanne But A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics March 2016 Acknowledgements Thank you Susan for being my supervisor and believing in my project. You are one of the few people who can be super professional (you were hard on me at times) and approachable with a soft spot at the same time. Thank you for giving me that extra push, saving me when I couldn’t see the wood for the trees, and looking after me at times when I needed it the most. Your books – currently sitting comfortable at my bookshelf – are eagerly looking forward to the reunion with their respective owner. Thank you to those in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities Executive Board who reviewed my PhD application and offered me a scholarship to do a doctorate. I will never forget that moment when I received your letter. Thank you for offering me this unique and once-in- a-lifetime opportunity that has changed me entirely – both intellectually, and personally. I’m glad that I could embark on this hard, but rewarding journey. Thank you to those members of the academic community within and outside of Sheffield for your intellectual stimulation, conversation and support over the years. Special thanks go to my fellow PhD buddies and office space mates in the School of English. We were all stuck in this ivory tower, not allowed to leave the palace before we completed our challenging task, dreaming of that One Day that would set us free.
    [Show full text]
  • Fi. Sear, the Homeless King
    ao4 Hygiene, t,zvaury, ana nomecessness ~: '(".moo ~ ~ ~ c` ~l C~ h ...For example,she will lie in some Scrivener's house.... The first man that she meek` ~/~~~~. ~'-• ~. `. ~G of her acquaintance shall, without much pulling, get her into a tavern. Out of him shp f~ ~-~, kisses a breakfast and then leaves him.The next she meets does,upon as easy pulleys,t~q- ~' ,~+-v~ im`]r ~ ~ ~ ~--~ tS ~~LcJ ~l her to a tavern again. Out of him she cogs a dinner,and then leaves him"(z47). Thebor ~i rowed clothing,sexual trickery earning no more than a good meal,lodging in a respect°' cv-- . able house,and even the conning of a scrivener bespeak the Edith story. ~~ 7. In the public jollity attending the spectacle of vagrants' being unprisoned atidit~ ~< Il:~~~s P whipped,one recalls that visits to Bedlam were a populaz public entertainment Catrd~ notes that "for many the spectacle ofthe lunatic poor was essenrially comic"(io7); he tee fi. sear, the Homeless King ~ ~ ~~ ~ the visit to "Bethlem Monastery" in L~ekker's The Honest Whore,Partl, where the confit~ ;; mad folic enact "such antic and such pretty lunacies,/That spite ofsorrow they willmai~" !~:; Adequate and permanent shelter is a basic need,and its absence has a you smile" (g.2.i6o-6i). deleterious effect upon physical and mental health, personal 8. In Queen Elizabeth's celebrated remark "I thank God I am endued with such qua~~ -' development, and the ability to exercise individual rights and ities that if I were turned out of the realm in my petticoat I were able to live in arryplaot, obligations.
    [Show full text]