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Plant Species From”Al. Beldie” Herbarium - Orobanche Genre – Short Description

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Plant Species From”Al. Beldie” Herbarium - Orobanche Genre – Short Description Available online at http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/promediu ProEnvironment ProEnvironment10 (2017) 191 - 198 Original Article Plant Species from”Al. Beldie” Herbarium - Orobanche Genre – Short Description SCĂRLĂTESCU Virgil1, Diana VASILE2*, Lucian DINCĂ2 1National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry „Marin Drăcea” Mihăești, Principală St., 117470 Mihăești, Argeș County, Romania 2National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry „Marin Drăcea” Brașov, Cloșca St., No13, 500040 Brașov, Brașov County, Romania Received 8August2017; received and revised form 20August 2017; accepted 2 September 2017 Available online 30 September 2017 Abstract ”Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry has in its possession a herbarium registered in Index Herbarium, with a collection of approximately 60.000 plant plates. The AlexandruBeldie Herbarium is composed of donated particular collections as well as collections obtained through an exchange of plates. For the present article, 79 plates belonging to the Orobanche genre present in the herbarium were studied. The plates were grouped on species (33 genre species), harvest year, origin place and the specialists who gathered them. The species from Orobanche genre were harvested from Romania, France, Italy, Poland, Bulgaria etc. by renowned botanists from Romania and abroad and are in a good conservation state, even though the samples from the herbarium were harvested starting with the year 1824. The most numerous species of this genre were described from a morphological point of view, namely: Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. (18 plates), Orobanche ramosa L. (6), Orobanche lutea Baumg. (5), Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. (5), Orobanche coeruleaVill. (4), Orobanche picridis F.W.Schultz (3). Keywords: collection, conservation, Herbarium, harvested, plant species. 1. Introduction These plants are extracting water and mineral salts through their suckers that penetrate the root’s Orobanche is a plant whose flowers are tissues and are establishing connections, disrupting parasitizing the roots of other plants and forms their growth and development [9]. cultures that are economically important. The Orobanche name is of Latin origin, derived Orobanche genre belongs to Orobanchaceae family from the Greek words Orobos, meaning pea and that gathers approximately 150 species [16]. The anchcin, meaning strangled. majority of these species are perennial, with the Annual, Orobanche species are reproducing exception of some weeds that are annual and have a through seeds that are very small, dark brown and are short life cycle (between 3 and 6 months). In most viable in soil for up to 20 years [22], or 5 years cases, these plants are parasitizing dicotyledonous according to other authors [14]. plants from Leguminosae, Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, The seeds are germinating only under the Compositae families and only occasionally influence of root exudates, up to a distance of a few monocotyledons plants. millimeters from the host’s root or other non-host plants [13].This type of parasite is very interesting * Corresponding author. and very rich in species, so that numerous copies Tel: +40-268-419936 Fax: +40-268-415338 from each species were collected and preserved in e-mail:[email protected] herbariums. 191 SCĂRLĂTESCU Virgil et al./ProEnvironment 10(2017) 190 - 198 Orobanche populations are often immensely Orobanche genre. The ”AlexandruBeldie” variable in regard with their dimensions, color and Herbarium, after the name of the academician who pubescence. However, these details are rarely has studied preponderantly the flora from Bucegi recorded on the plant’s labels, so that their usage in mountains [5, 6], is formed of his plant collection, the genre’s taxonomy needs to be realized by using donated private collections as well, as parts of other more samples and based on more characters and not collections obtained from other collections through on only one isolated character.The taxonomy plate exchanges. research based on herbariums has an essential role in the worldwide flora documentation activity. As such, 2. Material and Method the access to these collection is extremely important and necessary to be ensured by digitizing them The study material was composed of the 79 [4].The Herbarium from”Marin Drăcea” National Orobanche plates existent in the above mentioned Institute for Research and Development in Forestry is herbarium. The plates were categorized based on also currently being digitized. The herbarium, species (the herbarium holds 33 species of the genre), registered in Index Herbarium, has a rich collection year of harvest, harvest place and the specialist that of plant species (about 60.000 plates of plants) [8, has gathered them. An extract of the Orobanche 10]. Amongst them, there are 33 species from genre inventory is rendered in Table 1. Table 1. Orobancheinventory from AlexandruBeldie INCDS Bucharest Herbarium (extract) Herbarium/ Conser Collected/ Drawer Plate Botanic Harvest Harvest vation Species name Determined number number collection/ date place degree by: Institution (1..4) Polytechnic University Zanoga 7 91 Buc. Orobanche alba 1947.07.09 Al. Beldie 2 Bucegi Silviculture Faculty F.Schultz 7 108 Normal Orobanchealsatica 1845.06.10 Besancon F. Schultz 1 Herbarium Polytechnic School Orobanchecaryoph Viseul de 7 152 Herbarium 1938.07.21 A. Coman 1 yllacea Sus Buc. Botanic Laboratory R.OrtoBotanic Orobanchecruenta 7 116 1887.05.16 Modena A. Mori 1 o di Modena Best F.Schultz Lyon 7 127 herbarium Orobanchehederae 1857.06.21 A. Becker 1 (Rhone) normale DealulViilor S. 7 125 ICEF OrobancheluteaB. 1936.05.08 1 Gurghiu Pascovschi MuseoBotanic oUniversitatis Orobancheramosa 7 144 1943.07.15 RosioriIlfov I. Morariu 1 Clusiensis (in L. Timisoara) 3. Results and Discussions after their apparition. This lack of normal leaves is as Orobanche genre is very difficult from a such a major loss of potential taxonomic information, taxonomic point of view [7, 17, 23] and is very hard while the inflorescence is the only plant part that can to recognize even on the field, as it possesses very be studied. Being beefy and lacking chlorophyll, few quantifiable characters. Orobanche plants from the herbarium are relatively Above the soil, the plant slightly comprises an poor and sometimes forming an amorphous mass, so inflorescence whose stem has simple, consistent that their most important characteristics are lost. This leaves that rapidly become fragile fact is more visible in regard with the corolla’s colors 192 SCĂRLĂTESCU Virgil et al./ProEnvironment 10(2017) 190 - 198 and form subtleties. Nevertheless, the well preserved Borkh., Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm., Orobanche and pressed species, accompanied by field cernua Loefl., Orobanche cervarice, Orobanche annotations can bring important and useful concolor B., Orobanche coerulea etc.), most plates information [11]. belong to Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. (18 Amongst the 33 Orobanche genre species plates), Orobanche ramosa L. (6), Orobanche lutea collected and preserved in Al. Beldie Herbarium Baumg. (5), Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. (5), (Orobanche picridisF.W.Schultz, Orobanche alba Orobanche coerulea Vill. (4), Orobanche Stephan ex Willd.,Orobanche alsatica Kirschl., loricataRchb. (3), Orobanche minor Sm. (3), Orobanche amethystea Thuill., Orobanche arenaria Orobanche picridisF.W.Schultz (3) (Fig. 1). 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 Nr.exemplarede 2 0 Specia Figure 1.Orobanche species present in the herbarium Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd (Fig.2) is a stems are growing from the soil at approximately 6 parasite root plant, without chlorophyll, that prefers weeks after germination. Flowering and the dry and sunny plants, xerothermic and mountain appearance of seeds happens after two-three weeks meadows, shrubberies and rock cavities. The fleshy [1]. The inflorescence occupies approximately half of stem can reach 10-70 cm height, has an inflorescence the stem’s length and carries many flowers arranged composed of zygomorphic white or yellow flowers, as spikes or raceme, each being sleek with a branch covered by purple glandular trichoms. These types of of 6-10 mm length, with two supplementary glandular trichoms also appear on other parts of the bracteole, attached at the calcium basis and having a plant, namely on the stem, scaly leaves, sepals, similar length. filament and style. The secondary metabolites The corolla is white underneath and blue or secreted by glandular trichoms are protecting the purple (occasionally white) [12]. During summer, the plants against herbivore animals or pathogen agents seed capsule dries and breaks. A plant can produce and are acting as agents for attracting pollinizing over 100.000 seeds that can stay latent in soil for over agents or for dispersing fruits [24]. 40 years [1]. Orobanche ramose L. (Fig.3) is an annual Orobanche lutea Baumg. (Fig.4) – oligophage plant that grows from seeds and requires a host plant species that parasitizes Fabaceae family species, in order to survive. As such, it is a parasite plant that especially the Medicago genre, M. falcata and grows on the roots of host plants, extracting all occasionally M. sativa and M. x varia, that are its nutrients and water from these plants. The seeds are common hosts in Europe [19]. germinating as response to the chemical substances The plants generally have one stem, while the released by the host’s roots. The roots are attaching corolla has a straight or slightly curved dorsal line, themselves to the roots
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