Preface The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act 1992 prescribed that the Pollution Control Committee must prepare Thailand State of Pollution Report and submit to the National Environment Board annually. Thailand State of Pollution Report may regard as a technical document, indicating the success of Thailand environmental development. Thailand State of Pollution 2006 gathered the events and significant pollution problems, occurring from January to December 2006 and comprising water quality management, air quality and noise management, waste and hazardous chemical management, pollution complaints, environmental enhancement and environmental driving forces. Furthermore, the environmental landmarks with respect to environmental pollution were also recorded in this report. These were such as the noise pollution at Suvannabhumi International Airport, the problem caused by Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Mab Ta Pud in Rayong. These environmental pollutions reflected the problems and disasters affecting to the environment. In order to solve the environmental problems, participation from all stakeholders is needed to effectively stimulate the environmental management. The Pollution Control Committee would like to express its sincere appreciation to all relevant agencies and organizations for their supports to provide the information and comments in this report. The contribution will then benefit to governmental agencies, private sectors, educational institutes and the public in general with respect to the right to know on states of pollution and the awareness of the environmental changes. This will, possibly, contribute to help creating better solutions of environmental quality, the further quality of life and the sustainability of economic and social development. Mr. Petipong Pungbun Na Ayudhya Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Chairman of the Pollution Control Committee ë Thailand State of Pollution Report 2006 ë Contents Page Pollution States Inland Water Quality 6 Coastal Marine Water Quality 22 Star Beaches 30 Air Quality 35 Noise Pollution 41 Air Quality Index 44 Municipal Waste 46 Waste Utilization 52 Hazardous Waste 56 Hazardous Chemicals 60 Chemical Incidents 68 Environmental Inspection and Enforcement Under the Enhancement 72 and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 Pollution Complaints 78 Pollution Landmarks Wastewater and Solid Waste Management after Flooding 87 Noise Pollution at Suvarnabhumi International Airport 93 VOCs in Map Ta Phut 96 Lead Poisoning with 2 Courtsûs Remediation 99 2 Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Contents (CONTINUED) Page Pollution Enhancements Small Wastewater Management System for Small Communities 103 Fuel Oil Enhancement for Better Air Quality 107 Air-Quality Sampling Development for the Future 108 Transboundary Haze : Go Beyond the Problem with ASEAN Collaboration 111 Fluorescent-Recycling Reclamation 113 Strengthening Municipalities for Hazardous Waste Management 114 Aluminium: Fulfilled Disabilityûs Dream 115 Especially for the Celebration of 60th Anniversary of His Majesty the Kingûs Accession to the Throne Environmental Friendly Product and Service 116 Laboratory Standardization of ISO/IEC 17025: Moving Forward 117 Pollution Management Budget: Cost of the Environment 121 Pollution Driving Forces Water Quality Management 125 Air Quality and Noise Management 127 3Rs with Waste Management 129 3rd National Chemical Management Strategic Approach (2007 - 2011) 132 Integrated Management of Chemical Incidents 134 3 ë Thailand State of Pollution Report 2006 ë Contents (CONTINUED) Page Annexes Annex A : Environmental Laws and Regulations - Water Quality Standard 137 - Air Quality and Noise Standard 141 - Municipal and Hazardous Waste Standard 147 - Other Environmental Laws and Regulations in 2006 154 - Environmental Official Appointment 155 Annex B : Environmental Law and Regulation Enhancement 157 Annex C : Water Quality Standards - Surface Water Quality Standard 159 - Coastal Water Quality Standard 162 - General Water Quality Index (WQI) 166 - Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) 168 Annex D : The Statistic and Petition Channels of Environmental Complaints - The Statistic of Environmental Complaints by Pollution Control Department 169 - The Statistic and Petition Channels of Environmental Complaints by 171 the Service Link Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment - The Statistic and Petition Channels of Environmental Complaints 172 by the Department of Industrial Works - The Petition Channels of Environmental Complaints 173 4 Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Pollution States 5 ë Thailand State of Pollution Report 2006 ë Inland Water Quality 6 Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Inland Water Quality In 2006, the inland water quality was monitored in 48 main rivers and 4 standing surface water resources (Kwan Payao, Beung Boraped, Nhonghan and Songkhla Lakes). The samples were taken from 473 monitoring stations for 3-4 times annually covering dry and wet seasons.(1) The water quality evaluation could be technically analyzed by comparing to surface water quality standard and water quality index(2). It was found that water quality in the level of good, fair, deteriorated and highly deteriorated conditions were 21%, 53%, 23% and 3% respectively. (Figure 1 and 2) Percent 23 17 21 49 53 51 Good Fair Deteriorated 21 29 23 Highly Deteriorated 5 5 3 2004 2005 2006 Year Figure 1 Water Quality in Percentage throughout Thailand during 2004-2006 In comparison of water quality during the last three years (from 2004 to 2006), the result implied that water resources with good and deteriorated conditions had decreased while water resources with fair condition had conversely increased. At the same time, water sources with highly deteriorated condition still remained constant. The highly deteriorated condition was found in the lower Thachin River (from Meung District, Samut Sakhon to Nakhonchaisri District, Nakhon Pathom) and the lower Lamtakong River (in Meung District, Nakornratchasima, detailed in Table 1). The parameters, indicating deteriorated and highly deteriorated conditions and resulting from the percentage of all monitoring stations, were BOD (29%), DO (20%), FCB (19%), TCB (16%) and ammonia-nitrogen (16%). (1) The results of inland water quality indicate for the whole country. Additional data can reach at http://iwis.pcd.go.th (2) Water Quality Index (WQI) ranges between 0 - 100 demonstrating the status of water quality in general and considering 8 water quality parameters which are Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Fecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB), pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrate (NO3 ), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Solid (TS) and Suspended Solid (SS). This index is set up to classify water quality as very good, good, fair, deteriorated, and highly deteriorated, (For more information, please see annex C) 7 ë Thailand State of Pollution Report 2006 ë N Chiang Rai r e 50 0 50 100 150 Kilometers v Phayao i r g kwanpayao n Chiang Mai a Nan u K v Mae Hong Son g ri er Lampang n Ko Lamphun Phrae Sirikit dam Uttaradit Nong Khai Udon Thani Nakhon Phanom Sakon Nakhon Sukhothai Nong Bua Lam Phu nonghan Bhumipol dam Phitsanulok Loei Tak Mukdahan Ubolrat dam Kalasin Kamphaeng Phet Khon Kaen Phichit Phetchabun Roi Et S Amnat Charoen ak Chaiyaphum Maha Sarakham Yasothon as lcr Nakhon Sawan an g riv Ubon Ratchathani Uthai Thani er Chai Nat Lop Buri Wachiralongkorn dam L Buri Ram Sing Buri op B Si Sa Ket Srinakarin dam u Nakhon Ratchasima r Surin i Ang Thong r Kanchanaburi i v K e w r Saraburi ae Suphan Buri Ya Pathum Thani i riv Nakhon Nayok er Nakhon Pathom4 Prachin Buri 2 3 Nonthaburi Sa Kaeo Samut Sakhon 1 Chachoengsao Ratchaburi M a e Chon Buri K Inland Water Quality Index lo n petchaburi g r Rayong iv P Chanthaburi e ra No measured r s a e r Trat i v e r Good Prachuap Khiri Khan Fair 1 Samut Prakan Deteriorated 2 Bangkok Highly Deteriorated 3 Nonthaburi Chumphon 4 Pathum Thani Dam/Reservoir Ranong Provincial Location Provincial Boundary Surat Thani Phangnga Nakhon Si Thammarat Krabi Phuket Trang Phatthalung Songkhla lake Songkhla Satun Pattani Yala Narathiwat Figure 2 Inland Water Quality throughout Thailand in 2006 8 Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Table 1 Summary of Inland Water Quality throughout Thailand in 2006 Inland Water Quality in Thailand Water Quality North Center Northeast East South Percentage (%) Kwae Yai+, Upper Tapee, Good Kok, Ing, Weru, + Kwae Noi, Nhonghan, Oon ++ Saiburi, 21 (corresponding to Mae Jang Prasae surface water Upper Phetchaburi Pattani quality standard class 2 and WQI between 71 - 90) Bangpakong+ Seaw, Moon, Lower Tapee, Nakhon Nayok+ Loel, Phong, Pakpanang, Prachin Buri+ Upper Chao Phraya, Chee, Lamchee+, Trang, Talaynoi, Fair Ping, Wang, Trat, Upper Thachin, Songkhram-, Lungsoun, 53 (corresponding to Yom, Li Chanthaburi, Maeklong, Kuiburi+ Lampaow-, Talayluang, surface water Pangrad, upper + Pumduang, quality standard + Rayong class 3 and WQI Lamtakong Chumphon between 61-70) Lop buri, Sakaekrung- Deteriorated Kuang, Nan- Lower Phetchaburi, (corresponding to Kwan Payao Pranburi-, Pasak, Noi-, surface water Lake, __Songkhla Lake 23 Middle Thachin, quality standard Beung Boraped Middle Chao Phraya, class 4 and WQI Lake Lower Chao Phraya+ between 31-60) Highly Deteriorated Lower __Lower Thachin _