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Laemson Marine National Park - Kraburi Estuary Wetlands, Thailand Bampen Chaiyarak and Kittama Khunthong

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Laemson Marine National Park - Kraburi Estuary Wetlands, Thailand Bampen Chaiyarak and Kittama Khunthong Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Kaper Estuary - Laemson Marine National Park - Kraburi Estuary Wetlands, Thailand Bampen Chaiyarak and Kittama Khunthong Mekong WET: Building Resilience of Wetlands in the Lower Mekong Region Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Kaper Estuary - Laemson Marine National Park - Kraburi Estuary Wetlands, Thailand Bampen Chaiyarak and Kittama Khunthong The designation of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety. Special acknowledgement to the International Climate Initiative of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety for supporting Mekong WET. Published by: IUCN Asia Regional Office (ARO), Bangkok, Thailand Copyright: © 2019 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Chaiyarah, B. and Khunthong, K. (2019). Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Kaper Estuary - Laemson Marine National Park - Kraburi Estuary Wetlands, Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: IUCN. X + 68pp. Front and Back Cover: Siriporn Sriaram Photo credits: All photo credits belong to the main authors of this report, unless otherwise stated. Layout by: IUCN Asia Regional Office Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Asia Regional Office 63 Sukhumvit Soi 39 Klongtan – Nua, Wattana 10110 Bangkok, Thailand Tel +66 2 662 4029 Fax +66 2 662 4387 Email address: [email protected] www.iucn.org/resources/publications CONTENTS Acronyms ............................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 8 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 9 1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................12 2 Description of the wetland ...............................................................................................14 2.1 Location and site description .................................................................................... 14 2.2 Current and historical climate ................................................................................... 15 2.3 Hydrological characteristics ...................................................................................... 17 2.4 Wetland habitats and biodiversity ............................................................................. 17 2.5 Land use .................................................................................................................. 22 2.6 Drivers of change ..................................................................................................... 24 2.7 Conservation and zoning ......................................................................................... 26 3 Community and wetland livelihoods ................................................................................27 3.1 Communities and population .................................................................................... 28 3.2 Key livelihood activities ............................................................................................ 29 3.3 Use of wetland resources ......................................................................................... 30 3.4 Land tenure and land-use rights ............................................................................... 31 3.5 Governance ............................................................................................................. 32 3.6 Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................ 32 3.7 Gender and vulnerable groups ................................................................................. 33 3.8 Perceived threats to wetland habitats and livelihoods .............................................. 34 4 Climate projections for the site ........................................................................................35 4.1 Overall climate projections for Thailand .................................................................... 35 4.2 Climate projections for Ranong Province ................................................................. 35 4.3 Summary of predicted impacts of climate change .................................................... 38 5 Results of vulnerability assessment ................................................................................38 5.1 Habitat vulnerability .................................................................................................. 38 5.1.1 Baseline threats……………………………………………………………………….. 38 5.1.2 Climate change vulnerability…………………………………………………………. 39 5.1.3 Overall vulnerability…………………………………………………………………… 41 5.2 Livelihood vulnerability ............................................................................................. 42 5.2.1 Resource dependency………………………………………………………………... 44 5.2.2 Climate change impacts………………………………………………………………. 47 5.2.3 Current and future coping……………………………………………………………… 49 5.3 Species vulnerability ................................................................................................ 50 6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................54 6.1 Summary of main vulnerabilities............................................................................... 54 6.2 Adaptation planning ................................................................................................. 54 Annex I: VA Team Members ................................................................................................57 Annex II: Ramsar Sites in Thailand ......................................................................................58 Annex III: Wetland Management Policy In Thailand .............................................................59 Annex IV: Wetlands Conservation Measures: Cabinet Resolution Nov 2009 and May 2015 .......................................................62 Annex V: Resource priority ranking by women and men in Ranong province ......................64 Annex VI: Coping mechanisms with extreme weather events in Ranong Province………….65 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................68 6 ACRONYMS BMUB German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety ha Hectare IBBRI Indo-Burma Ramsar Regional Initiative IKI International Climate Initiative IPCC International Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature km Kilometre m Metre NSBSAP National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plan OISCA Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement ONEP Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning OTOP One Tambon One Province PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal THB Thai Baht UNESCO United Nationals Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCC United Nations Framework on Climate Change VA Vulnerability Assessment 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the climate change vulnerability assessment of the “Kaper Estuary - Laemson Marine National Park - Kraburi Estuary” wetlands in Thailand. It was conducted under the “Mekong WET: Building Resilience of Wetlands in the Lower Mekong Region” (2017-2020) project, led by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The assessment provides an invaluable resource for future planning. We would like to acknowledge all people and organizations that have contributed. We especially like to thank the members of the vulnerability assessment team for their input and commitment, i.e.: Petch Manoprawitr (IUCN Thailand), Dr. Nalinee Thongtham (Phuket Marine Biological Center), Dr. Wijarn Meephol (Ranong Biosphere Reserve), Mr. Khayai Thongnunui (Coastal Conservation and Mangrove Restoration Coastal and Marine Resources Management Office 8), Mr. Montri Sumontha (Ranong Marine Fisheries Research and Development Station), Mr. Tanu Naebnien (Andaman Organization for Participatory Restoration of Natural Resources), Mr. Decha Duangnamol (Andaman Coastal Research Station for Development, Kasetsart University), and teams from the Mangrove Forest Resource Development Stations 9, 10, 11, and 42. Further, we would like to thank the authorities and communities for sharing their knowledge, experiences, and ideas. Without the input of the women and men that participated in this study, this report would not have been possible. Mekong WET is financially supported through the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the
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