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The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector

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Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

THE PROJECT FOR FLOOD
COUNTERMEASURES FOR THAILAND
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

IN
THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND

FINAL REPORT
JULY 2013
Japan International Cooperation Agency
SANYU CONSULTANTS INC.
NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.

Abbreviations

ADB ADRC AIT
Asian Development Bank Asian Disaster Reduction Center Asian Institute of Technology
ALRO BAAC BMA CBDRM CDD C/P
Agricultural Land Reform Office Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Community-based Disaster Risk Management Community Development Department Counterpart

  • CSR
  • Corporate Social Responsibility

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Department of Drainage and Sewerage, BMA Department of Energy Development and Promotion Department of Industrial Works Department of Livestock Development Dry Matter
DDPM DDS DEDP DIW DLD DM

  • DO
  • Dissolved Oxygen

DOA DOAE DOF
Department of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Extension Department of Fishery
DOH DOLA DPM DRM DRMS DWR EGAT E/S
Department of Highway Department of Local Administration Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Disaster Risk Management Disaster Risk Management System Department of Water Resources Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Engineering Service

  • FAO
  • Food and Agriculture Organization, UN

Regional office for Asia Pacific Food and Agricultural Organization Flood Forecasting Center
FAORAP FFC FROC GAP
Flood Relief Operations Center Good Agricultural Practice
GMP GDP
Good Manufacturing Practice Gross Domestic Product

  • GIS
  • Geographic Information System

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency Government of the Kingdom of Thailand
GISTDA GOT

  • GPS
  • Global Positioning System

HAII HFA ICHARM ICT
Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute Hyogo Framework for Action International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management Information and Communication Technology

  • Irrigation Engineering Center, RID
  • IEC

IMPAC-T Integrated Study Project on Hydro-meteorological Prediction and Adaptation to
Climate Change in Thailand
JETRO JBIC
The Japan External Trade Organization Japan Bank for International Cooperation

  • Joint Coordinating Committee
  • JCC

  • JICA
  • Japan International Cooperation Agency

  • Joint Venture
  • JV

KMITL KU
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Kasetsart University

  • LAO
  • Local Authority Organizations

  • LDD
  • Land Development Department

Large Swamp Inland Fishery Project Livestock Unit
LSIFP LU MCM MI
Million Cubic Meter Ministry of Industry
MOAC MOI
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry of Interior
MONRE MOT MOST NDPMC NESDB NEB
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Ministry of Transport Ministry of Science and Technology National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee National Economic and Social Development Board National Environment Board
NGOs NSO
Non-Government Organizations National Statistic Office
NWFPC OAE
National Water Resources and Flood Policy Committee Office of Agricultural Economics Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund, Japan Operation and Maintenance
OECF O&M ONWFMP Office of National Water and Flood Management Policy OPM OPS
Office of the Prime Minister Office of the Permanent Secretary
OSCWRM Office of Strategic Committee for Water Resources Management、 OTOP OTOS PACO
One Tambon One Product One Tambon One Search and rescue team Provincial Agricultural Cooperative Office

  • PAO
  • Provincial Administration Office

  • Provincial Livestock Offices
  • PLOs

  • PRA
  • Participatory Rural Appraisal

  • RRC
  • Rice Research Center

  • RD
  • Rice Department

  • RFD
  • Royal Forest Department

  • RID
  • Royal Irrigation Department

  • RIO
  • Regional Irrigation Office

ROAE RTG
Regional Office of Agricultural Economics Royal Thai Government
SCRFD SCWRM SSIFP SSIP
Strategic Committee for Reconstruction and Future Development Strategic Formulation Committee for Water Resources Management Small Swamp Inland Fisheries Project Small Scale Irrigation Program
SSIRP SWOT TAO
Small Scale Irrigation Improvement and Rehabilitation Project Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat Tambon Administration Organization

  • Task Force
  • TF

UNDP WFMC WUG
United Nations Development Program Water and Flood Management Committee Water Users Group

Model Areas

CSS : Tambon Chum Saeng Songkhram, Bang Rakam District, Phitsanulok Province NPM : Tambon Nakhorn Pa Mak, Bang Kratum District, Phitsanulok Province WM : Tambon Wang Man, Wat Sing District, Chainat Province KK : Tambon Khao Kaeo, Sapphaya District, Chainat Province GC : Tambon Gop Chao, Bang Ban District, Ayutthaya Province SHN : Tambon Singhanat, Lat Bua Luang District, Ayutthaya Province KH : Tambon Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang District, Pathumthani Province NP : Tambon Naraphirom, Bang Len District, Nakhon Pathom Province

Measurement Units

  • (Length)
  • (Time)

mm : millimeter(s) cm : centimeter(s) s, sec min
: second(s) : minute(s)

  • : hour(s)
  • m
  • : meter(s)
  • h, hr

  • km : kilometer(s)d, dy
  • : day(s)

  • y, yr
  • : year(s)

(Area) mm2 : square millimeter(s) cm2 : square centimeter(s) m2 : square meter(s) km2 : square kilometer(s) ha : hectare(s)
(Volume)

  • cm3
  • : cubic centimeter(s)

: cubic meter(s) : liter(s)

m3

l, ltr

  • MCM
  • : million cubic meter(s)

  • (Weight)
  • (Speed/Velocity)

  • cm/s
  • g, gr : gram(s)

kg : kilogram(s) m/s ton : ton(s)
: centimeter per second : kilometer per hour
: meter per second km/h

  • (Energy)
  • (Money)

  • USD
  • MJ : Mega Joule(s)
  • : US Dollar(s)

Currency Exchange Rate THB1.0 = JPY 3.352 (June, 2013) USD1.0 =JPY 101.30 (June, 2013)

The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector
Final Report

Summary

A. Introduction

1. Background of the Project

From the end of July 2011 and into 2012, Thailand experienced a massive flood in the Chao Phraya River basin, with vast areas submerged and significant after-effects on a scale that had not been experienced before in Thailand’s recent history. People living and working in this basin suffered from the huge scale of damage caused by this long-term inundation. Economic losses due to the flood and subsequent loss of work opportunities is estimated to be between 400 and 1,300 billion baht or more than 10% of GDP. Damages to agriculture have been reported to be as high as 72 billion baht.

In response, the Government of Thailand established two committees to deal with long-term measures; the Strategic Committee for Reconstruction and Future Development (SCRFD) and the Strategic Committee for Water Resources Management (SCWRM). The former has already approved a plan to invest 2,270 billion baht to construct basic infrastructure during the coming decade. The latter presented a plan to disburse 22.6 billion baht for short-term preventive measures in preparation for the coming rainy season in 2012, and 350 billion baht to take medium to long-term measures, including the delineation of flood water retention areas (paddy fields and swamps) and the construction of floodways.

The Government has so far provided only limited measures for the benefit of the agricultural sector which suffered heavy damages to over 1.44 million hectares of paddy fields, 36 thousand hectares of aquaculture ponds and a loss of 29.5 million head of livestock. These benefits are in the form of compensation for inundated farmland, free distribution of seed paddy, and the provision of animal feed in some affected areas. Thus, farmers who suffered flood damage continue to face difficulties due to the lack of effective measures to provide compensation for loss of major harvests or lost income opportunities.

Under these circumstances, JICA dispatched three preliminary study missions during November 2011 to January 2012, and decided to conduct this Project titled “Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector.”

2. Project Outputs

The outputs of this project are: 1) recovery of productivity of damaged pastures, 2) guidelines on rehabilitation and reinforcement of irrigation facilities, and 3) guidelines on disaster-resilient agriculture and agricultural community planning. Thus, through this project, JICA provides support to both short-term and long-term efforts of the Government of Thailand in the agricultural sector.

3. Project Study Areas

The study areas under this Project include the watershed of Chao Phraya River as the main-stream basin, the Yom River basin where severe damage was caused by the 2011 flood, a part of the Nan River basin and Pa Sak River basin and Tha Chin River basin. The flood caused damages in 63 provinces (changwat) out of 77, including northern and northeastern parts of the country. This Project targets the areas in upper stream of Chao Phraya River and the Chao Phraya Delta in central region.

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Summary
The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector
Final Report

4. The 2011 Flood Disaster

According to a 2012 ADRC study; severe flooding occurred during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand. Beginning at the end of July triggered by the landfall of Tropical Storm Nock-Ten, flooding soon spread through the provinces of Northern, Northeastern and Central Thailand along the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins. In October, flood waters reached the mouth of the Chao Phraya and inundated parts of the capital city of Bangkok. Flooding persisted in some areas until mid-January 2012, and resulted in a total of 815 deaths (as of Jan 17, 2012) (with 3 missing) and 13.6 million people in 4 regions affected. Sixty-five of Thailand’s 77 provinces were declared flood disaster zones, and over 20,000 square kilometers (7,700 sq mi.) of farm land was damaged. The disaster has been described as ‘the worst flooding yet in terms of the amount of water and people affected.’

The World Bank has estimated 1,425 billion baht (US$ 45.7 billion) in economic damages and losses due to flooding, as of December 1st, 2011. Most of this was to the manufacturing industry, as seven major industrial estates were inundated by as much as 3 meters (10 feet) during the floods.” If the total economic loss caused by the 2011 flood in the agricultural sector is estimated at 72 billion baht, as announced by OAE in November 2011, then it corresponds to 5% of the total national damage. In order to reduce the economic damage from floods, it is essential to protect the highly economic area of industrial estates. While the scale of the total damage incurred by the 2011 flood was exceptionally large, flood-prone areas of the country experience damage from flooding regularly, one or twice every several years. For instance, flood-related damage in 2011 was comparable to that in 2006 and 2010 for many flood-prone areas in this Project’s Study Area. Therefore, for people in these areas who live with floods, it is particularly vital for them to have plans for water management, farming and improved livelihoods.

5. Summary of the 2001 Flood Damage in Agricultural Sector

Damages in the agricultural sector by 2011 Flood Disaster are summarized as below:



Out of a total 77 provinces in Thailand, 65 provinces were damaged by the 2011 flood. Nationwide, 1.09 million farmers were affected and 10.6 million rai (1.7 million ha) of farm land was damaged.



In the crop sub-sector, 17,847 million baht worth of crops were destroyed (10,560 million baht for rice and 7,287 million baht for field crops). In the livestock sub-sector, over 29 million animals died, and 14,400 rai (2,300 ha) of pasture grass fields were damaged, affecting 220,000 farmers. Total losses are estimated at 6,483 million baht.



In the fishery sub-sector, 699 districts suffered damages with 142,842 people affected. As many as 156,764 ponds and 18,912 stews were damaged. The losses are estimated at 4,033 million baht. The total economic loss in the agricultural sector is estimated at 72,000 million, which is 5% of the total national damage of 1,425 billion baht.
The Project is composed of three components, namely Component 1: Support for the Reproduction of Pastures, Component 2: Rehabilitation and Reinforcement of Irrigation Facilities, and Component3: Guidelines for Disaster-Resilient Agriculture and Agricultural Community. Each component is described below. The Project commenced in March 2012 and will be terminated in July 2013.

JICA

2 / 29

The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector
Final Report

B. COMPONENT 1: SUPPORT FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF PASTURES

1. Distribution of Fertilizers and Seeds/seedlings

In the livestock sub-sector, the target provinces were increased from 26 to 49 as agreed in the kick-off meeting on March 28, 2012. On March 27, 1000 tons of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 200 tons of urea (46-0-0) were handed over from JICA to the Thai counterparts at the Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center in Chainat Province, and then were distributed to 29 centers/stations for distribution to 3,826 beneficiary farmers (original plan of DLD HQ). Seeds and seedlings, mainly of Pangola grass and Pakchong-1, were also distributed according to the original plan, 20 ton of seeds and 120 ton of seedlings, through DLD. The distribution of fertilizers and seeds/seedlings was completed in early July 2012.

The monitoring survey of 29 centers/stations and beneficiary livestock farmers was started in late June 2012 to learn how the fertilizers were distributed and how the beneficiaries used them to revive damaged pastures. A total of 515 farmers in 49 provinces were sampled, but data from only 488 were usable for the analysis.

The following summarizes the results of the monitoring survey:

1,200 tons of fertilizers were distributed by DLD HQ and local centers/stations in 29 provinces.



The number of beneficiaries was increased from the original 3,826 to 3,911. The beneficiary area was also increased from the original 20,000 rai to 20,696 rai, and works out to one bag (50 kg)/rai of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 10 kg/rai of urea. Since pastures of centers/station themselves also suffered damage from the 2011 flood, they received fertilizers, equivalent of 30% of the total amount.



Forage seeds of 25.709 tons comprising six species were distributed, which was an increase from the original 20 tons. Seedlings of Pangola grass and Pakchong-1 procured through DLD’s seed centers were also distributed. Compared with the original plan of 120 tons, actual distribution was increased to 253.7 tons.

All 488 beneficiaries surveyed had received fertilizers, and 64% had used the fertilizers to revive pastures as of end July 2012. Pasture grass grew about 20 cm in height in 2 weeks after planting. From this it can be concluded that the high quality fertilizers contributed to the reproduction of pastures.

2. Training of Farmers

To build capacity of livestock farmers on pasture recovery, three-day training workshops were held at eight sites in different regions. Approximately 40 farmers were invited to each event, including those who cultivate forage only for sale as well as those who cultivate for feeding. The training modules included pasture establishment and its management, feeding, forage selection, hay and silage making, animal health and management, pasture harvesting methods, irrigation, and livestock selection. Practical sessions for silage making and pasture establishment were also conducted. One DLD official

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Summary
The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector
Final Report

who participated in FAO’s training on DRMS (Disaster Risk Management System) held in March 2012 lectured about disaster management.

Information collected from workshop participants in each site is summarized as shown below:
Out of all participants, 91.4% were planting pasture, 60.8% were raising beef cattle, 15.5% were raising milk cows, On average, 61.5% of the participants’ pasture lands were damaged, The maximum flooding period was 120 days and the maximum water depth was 4.0m, and 52% of the participants cultivate Pangola grass.

During the training sessions, group discussions were conducted to understand problems related to pasture management and animal raising during the 2011 flood. Participants also discussed countermeasures against flood based on their lessons learned from the previous year. The major problem on animal raising was the lack of feed, and the countermeasure for it was to keep feed, such as hay and silage, in storage. Another problem was that they did not have shelter for livestock on ground higher than flood water levels. The countermeasure for this was to look for higher ground. The major problem for pastures was that pasture areas were seriously damaged. The countermeasures were to stock forage seeds and fertilizers, and to have available pumps to drain water from flooded pasture land. Farmers can also use forage varieties with a higher plant height than the flood level.

3. Activities of the Component 1

The output of the Component-1 is that recovery of productivity of damaged pasture lands is promoted. In order to attain the output, the following activities are conducted.

 Monitoring on the distribution and use of seeds/seedlings and fertilizers,  Capacity building on pasture reproduction, and others concerned, and  Policy recommendation for recovery from disaster.

4. Recommendable Countermeasures against Flood (1) Strengthening Forage Production and Storing

The monitoring survey conducted in this Project found that the most serious issue for the livestock sub-sector during and after the 2011 flood was the shortage in animal feed. This is important because all livestock need to be fed every day to maintain their health, so that they can produce good quality animal products such as meat and milk.

To produce forage for flood disasters, cultivation of Pangola grass and Pakchong-1 (Giant Napier grass), with high nutritious value, should be promoted to increase livestock productivity and feed storage. DLD recommends Pangola grass for lowland areas and Pakchong-1 for upland areas.

In the 2011 flood disaster, ANRDCs (also called DLD centers) supported livestock farmers by distributing stored hay bales from their storage in 29 provinces in the country. Considering the number of livestock, the magnitude of flooded areas and the duration of the flood, a huge amount of forage needs to be stored not only by ANRDCs but also by communities and individual livestock farmers targeting mainly cattle and goats/sheep. Feed storing at a community level is considered to be

JICA

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The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector
Final Report

weak because livestock farmers had not experienced serious flooding before 2011.

DLD's

Feed Supply

Center/station

A national perspective is needed to review the feed supply system for emergency situations so that flooded areas are supported by supplies of stored feed from non-flooded areas (see figure to the right).

Hay & Silage Production & Storing

Community/Province/Region

Livestock Farmers
DLD's Center/ station

Feed Supply

(2) Identification of Flooding and Non-Flooding Areas based on a Simulation Study

Feed Supply

DLD's Center/ station

Feed Supply

In order to implement a national-level feed supplying system for flood disasters, the first step is to identify areas expected to flood based on a simulation analysis using maps. By doing so, all the 77 provinces (changwat), districts (amphoe) and sub-districts (tambon) of the country can be divided into two categories, flooding area and non-flooding area.

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    INTERPERTIVE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT FOR CULTUERAL TOURISM CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BANG LUANG MARKET AREA, BANG LENG DISTRICT, NAKHON PATHOM PROVINCE กั หอสม ุดกล สำน าง By Miss Prasuda Charoensuk An Independent Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Program in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2012 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University INTERPERTIVE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT FOR CULTUERAL TOURISM CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BANG LUANG MARKET AREA, BANG LENG DISTRICT, NAKHON PATHOM PROVINCE สม กั หอ Byุด กลา ำน Miss Prasuda Charoensukง ส An Independent Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Program in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2012 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University The Graduate school, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the independent study title of “Interpretive Planning and Management for Cultural Tourism Conservation and Development of Bang-Luang market area, Bang-Leng district, Nakhon Pathom province submitted by Ms. Prasuda Charoensuk as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism. ….………………………………………………….. (Associate Professor Panjai Tantatsanawong, Ph. D) Dean of Graduate School กั หอสมุดกลา ำน …………./…………/…………ง ส The Independent
  • EN Cover AR TCRB 2018 OL

    EN Cover AR TCRB 2018 OL

    Vision and Mission The Thai Credit Retail Bank Public Company Limited Vision Thai Credit is passionate about growing our customer’s business and improving customer’s life by providing unique and innovative micro financial services Mission Be the best financial service provider to our micro segment customers nationwide Help building knowledge and discipline in “Financial Literacy” to all our customers Create a passionate organisation that is proud of what we do Create shareholders’ value and respect stakeholders’ interest Core Value T C R B L I Team Spirit Credibility Result Oriented Best Service Leadership Integrity The Thai Credit Retail Bank Public Company Limited 2 Financial Highlight Loans Non-Performing Loans (Million Baht) (Million Baht) 50,000 3,000 102% 99% 94% 40,000 93% 2,000 44,770 94% 2,552 2,142 2018 2018 2017 30,000 39,498 Consolidated The Bank 1,000 34,284 1,514 20,000 Financial Position (Million Baht) 1,028 27,834 Total Assets 50,034 50,130 45,230 826 23,051 500 Loans 44,770 44,770 39,498 10,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2,379 2,379 1,983 - - Non-Performing Loans (Net NPLs) 1,218 1,218 979 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Non-Performing Loans (Gross NPLs) 2,552 2,552 2,142 LLR / NPLs (%) Liabilities 43,757 43,853 39,728 Deposits 42,037 42,133 37,877 Total Capital Fund to Risk Assets Net Interest Margin (NIMs) Equity 6,277 6,277 5,502 Statement of Profit and Loss (Million Baht) 20% 10% Interest Income 4,951 4,951 3,952 16.42% 15.87% Interest Expenses 901 901 806 15.13% 8% 13.78% 15% 13.80% Net Interest
  • Thai Air Accidents

    Thai Air Accidents

    THAI AIR ACCIDENTS The listing below records almost 1,000 accidents to aircraft in Thailand, and also to Thai civil & military aircraft overseas. Corrections and additions would be very welcome to [email protected]. Principal sources are:- ‘Aerial Nationalism – A History of Aviation in Thailand’ Edward Young (1995) ‘Bangkok Post’ 1946 to date ‘Vietnam Air Losses’ Chris Hobson (2001) plus Sid Nanson, Cheryl Baumgartner, and many other individuals Note that the precise locations of crashes of USAF aircraft 1963-75 vary between different sources. Co-ordinates in [ ] are from US official records, but often differ significantly from locations described in other sources. Date Type Operator Serial Location & Details 22-Dec-29 Boripatra Siamese AF Crashed at Khao Polad, near Burmese border, en route Delhi 07-Dec-31 Fokker F.VIIb KLM PH-AFO Crashed on take-off from Don Muang; 5 killed 22-Jun-33 Puss Moth Aerial Transport Co HS-PAA Crashed after flying into storm at Kumphawapi, en route from Khon Kaen to Udorn 07-Feb-38 Martin 139WSM Siamese AF Seriously damaged in landing accident 18-Mar-38 Curtiss Hawk (II or III) Siamese AF Crashed at Don Muang whilst practising for air show 22-Mar-39 Curtis Hawk 75N Siamese AF Crashed when lost control during high-speed test dive 09-Dec-40 Vought Corsair Thai AF Possibly shot down 10-Dec-40 Vought Corsair Thai AF Shot down 12-Dec-40 Curtiss Hawk III Thai AF Shot down 13-Dec-40 Curtis Hawk 75N Thai AF Destroyed on the ground at Ubon during French bombing raid 14-Dec-40 Curtis Hawk 75N & Hawk III Thai AF
  • Thai Air Accidents

    Thai Air Accidents

    THAI AIR ACCIDENTS The listing below records almost 1,000 accidents to aircraft in Thailand, and also to Thai civil & military aircraft overseas. Corrections and additions would be very welcome to [email protected]. Principal sources are:- ‘Aerial Nationalism – A History of Aviation in Thailand’ Edward Young (1995) ‘Bangkok Post’ 1946 to date ‘Vietnam Air Losses’ Chris Hobson (2001) Aviation Safety Network http://aviation-safety.net/index.php plus Sid Nanson, Cheryl Baumgartner, and many other individuals Note that the precise locations of crashes of USAF aircraft 1963-75 vary between different sources. Co-ordinates in [ ] are from US official records, but often differ significantly from locations described in other sources. Date Type Operator Serial Location & Details 22Dec29 Boripatra Siamese AF Crashed at Khao Polad, near Burmese border, en route Delhi 06Dec31 Fokker F.VIIb KLM PH-AFO Overhead cockpit hatch not closed, stalled and crashed on take-off from Don Mueang; 6 killed 22Jun33 Puss Moth Aerial Transport Co HS-PAA Crashed after flying into storm at Kumphawapi, en route from Khon Kaen to Udorn 07Feb38 Martin 139WSM Siamese AF Seriously damaged in landing accident 18Mar38 Curtiss Hawk (II or III) Siamese AF Crashed at Don Mueang whilst practising for air show 03Dec38 DH.86 Imperial AW G-ADCN dbf whilst parked at Bangkok 22Mar39 Curtis Hawk 75N Siamese AF Crashed when lost control during high-speed test dive 17Sep39 Blenheim Mk.I RAF - 62 Sqdn L1339 Swung onto soft ground & undercarriage ripped off on landing at Trang whilst
  • 749 Rice Combine Harvester Industry in the Central Region of Thailand

    749 Rice Combine Harvester Industry in the Central Region of Thailand

    The 9th ASAE International Conference: Transformation in agricultural and food economy in Asia 11-13 January 2017 Bangkok, Thailand 749 11 Rice Combine Harvester Industry in the Central Region of Thailand Rice Combine Harvester Industry in the Central Region of Thailand Saroj Aungsumalin and Nugool Kornyuenyong Rice Combine Harvester Industry in the Central Region of Thailand Saroj Aungsumalin1 and Nugool Kornyuenyong1 Abstract The study had the following objectives: first, to study the present conditions of rice combine harvester industry, second, to study the present policies and measures affecting the industry; and third, to provide recommendations to improve the industry. The study was conducted in the central part of Thailand during 2015-16. Secondary data were collected from various government offices and universities. Primary data were collected from combine harvester factories, and others stakeholders. Findings were described with percentage, and average statistics. The rice combine harvester factories could be divided into two groups, big and small. Domestic markets were the principal target and export markets were insignificant. The “product innovation” was based on the copy and development method and their investment in R&D were minimal. High precision tools and computer-aided programs were used mainly by big factories. All managerial decisions were done mainly on the basis of the owners’ experiences. Some policies and measures were directly or indirectly beneficial, and some were binding. None of the surveyed firms used the facilities. Fiscal and monetary measures could be used to increase the performance of the industry. They should help increase both demand for and supply. For example, export tax credit should be a measure to stimulate export demand.
  • CREATING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CREATING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CONTENT Annual Report 2018

    CREATING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CREATING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CONTENT Annual Report 2018

    ANNUAL REPORT 2018 CREATING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CREATING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CONTENT Annual Report 2018 Corporate Information Vision and Mission 04 Message from the Board of Directors 06 Board of Directors 09 Awards of Great Pride 23 Financial Highlights 24 General and Other Important Information 26 Performance Overview Shareholding Structure of The Company and Subsidiaries 28 Dividend Policy of the Company and Subsidiaries 33 Revenue Structure 35 Nature of Business Operation 36 Risk Factors 47 Marketing and Competition 50 Good Corporate Governance The Management Structure 57 Corporate Ethics 85 Corporate Governance 91 Internal control and risk management 103 Connected Transactions 104 Corporate Social Responsibilities 106 Anti-Corruption Policy 130 Whistle Blowing Policy towards Corruption 140 Report of the Audit Committee 145 Financial Information Report of the BOD’s Responsibility to the Financial Statements 147 Independent Auditor’s Report 148 Management Discussion and Analysis 153 Financial Statements 160 Notes to the Financial Statements 172 VISION Leading energy innovations and technology in Asia Pacific. MISSION 01 Research and develop energy technology that is clean and sustainable by adapting technology to build value for the business. 02 Create satisfying return for investors. 03 Manage human resources to be qualified, create inspiration and maintain a good relationship with the team in a supportive atmosphere. 04 Plays a part in developing a sustainable environment. 4 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Message from the Chairman of the Board of Directors The overall natural gas consumption in Thailand in 2018 saw a continuous decrease especially in the transport section. This was due to the decreasing retail price of the oil within the country and few NGV stations.