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The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector

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The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives THE PROJECT FOR FLOOD COUNTERMEASURES FOR THAILAND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND FINAL REPORT JULY 2013 Japan International Cooperation Agency SANYU CONSULTANTS INC. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank ADRC Asian Disaster Reduction Center AIT Asian Institute of Technology ALRO Agricultural Land Reform Office BAAC Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives BMA Bangkok Metropolitan Administration CBDRM Community-based Disaster Risk Management CDD Community Development Department C/P Counterpart CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DDPM Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation DDS Department of Drainage and Sewerage, BMA DEDP Department of Energy Development and Promotion DIW Department of Industrial Works DLD Department of Livestock Development DM Dry Matter DO Dissolved Oxygen DOA Department of Agriculture DOAE Department of Agricultural Extension DOF Department of Fishery DOH Department of Highway DOLA Department of Local Administration DPM Disaster Prevention and Mitigation DRM Disaster Risk Management DRMS Disaster Risk Management System DWR Department of Water Resources EGAT Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand E/S Engineering Service FAO Food and Agriculture Organization, UN FAORAP Regional office for Asia Pacific Food and Agricultural Organization FFC Flood Forecasting Center FROC Flood Relief Operations Center GAP Good Agricultural Practice GMP Good Manufacturing Practice GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GISTDA Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency GOT Government of the Kingdom of Thailand GPS Global Positioning System HAII Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute HFA Hyogo Framework for Action ICHARM International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management ICT Information and Communication Technology IEC Irrigation Engineering Center, RID IMPAC-T Integrated Study Project on Hydro-meteorological Prediction and Adaptation to Climate Change in Thailand JETRO The Japan External Trade Organization JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation JCC Joint Coordinating Committee JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JV Joint Venture KMITL King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang KU Kasetsart University LAO Local Authority Organizations LDD Land Development Department LSIFP Large Swamp Inland Fishery Project LU Livestock Unit MCM Million Cubic Meter MI Ministry of Industry MOAC Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives MOI Ministry of Interior MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOT Ministry of Transport MOST Ministry of Science and Technology NDPMC National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee NESDB National Economic and Social Development Board NEB National Environment Board NGOs Non-Government Organizations NSO National Statistic Office NWFPC National Water Resources and Flood Policy Committee OAE Office of Agricultural Economics OECF Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund, Japan O&M Operation and Maintenance ONWFMP Office of National Water and Flood Management Policy OPM Office of the Prime Minister OPS Office of the Permanent Secretary OSCWRM Office of Strategic Committee for Water Resources Management、 OTOP One Tambon One Product OTOS One Tambon One Search and rescue team PACO Provincial Agricultural Cooperative Office PAO Provincial Administration Office PLOs Provincial Livestock Offices PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal RRC Rice Research Center RD Rice Department RFD Royal Forest Department RID Royal Irrigation Department RIO Regional Irrigation Office ROAE Regional Office of Agricultural Economics RTG Royal Thai Government SCRFD Strategic Committee for Reconstruction and Future Development SCWRM Strategic Formulation Committee for Water Resources Management SSIFP Small Swamp Inland Fisheries Project SSIP Small Scale Irrigation Program SSIRP Small Scale Irrigation Improvement and Rehabilitation Project SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat TAO Tambon Administration Organization TF Task Force UNDP United Nations Development Program WFMC Water and Flood Management Committee WUG Water Users Group Model Areas CSS : Tambon Chum Saeng Songkhram, Bang Rakam District, Phitsanulok Province NPM : Tambon Nakhorn Pa Mak, Bang Kratum District, Phitsanulok Province WM : Tambon Wang Man, Wat Sing District, Chainat Province KK : Tambon Khao Kaeo, Sapphaya District, Chainat Province GC : Tambon Gop Chao, Bang Ban District, Ayutthaya Province SHN : Tambon Singhanat, Lat Bua Luang District, Ayutthaya Province KH : Tambon Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang District, Pathumthani Province NP : Tambon Naraphirom, Bang Len District, Nakhon Pathom Province Measurement Units (Length) (Time) mm : millimeter(s) s, sec : second(s) cm : centimeter(s) min : minute(s) m : meter(s) h, hr : hour(s) km : kilometer(s) d, dy : day(s) y, yr : year(s) (Area) mm2 : square millimeter(s) (Volume) cm2 : square centimeter(s) cm3 : cubic centimeter(s) m2 : square meter(s) m3 : cubic meter(s) km2 : square kilometer(s) l, ltr : liter(s) ha : hectare(s) MCM : million cubic meter(s) (Weight) (Speed/Velocity) g, gr : gram(s) cm/s : centimeter per second kg : kilogram(s) m/s : meter per second ton : ton(s) km/h : kilometer per hour (Energy) (Money) MJ : Mega Joule(s) USD : US Dollar(s) Currency Exchange Rate THB1.0 = JPY 3.352 (June, 2013) USD1.0 =JPY 101.30 (June, 2013) The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector Final Report Summary A. Introduction 1. Background of the Project From the end of July 2011 and into 2012, Thailand experienced a massive flood in the Chao Phraya River basin, with vast areas submerged and significant after-effects on a scale that had not been experienced before in Thailand’s recent history. People living and working in this basin suffered from the huge scale of damage caused by this long-term inundation. Economic losses due to the flood and subsequent loss of work opportunities is estimated to be between 400 and 1,300 billion baht or more than 10% of GDP. Damages to agriculture have been reported to be as high as 72 billion baht. In response, the Government of Thailand established two committees to deal with long-term measures; the Strategic Committee for Reconstruction and Future Development (SCRFD) and the Strategic Committee for Water Resources Management (SCWRM). The former has already approved a plan to invest 2,270 billion baht to construct basic infrastructure during the coming decade. The latter presented a plan to disburse 22.6 billion baht for short-term preventive measures in preparation for the coming rainy season in 2012, and 350 billion baht to take medium to long-term measures, including the delineation of flood water retention areas (paddy fields and swamps) and the construction of floodways. The Government has so far provided only limited measures for the benefit of the agricultural sector which suffered heavy damages to over 1.44 million hectares of paddy fields, 36 thousand hectares of aquaculture ponds and a loss of 29.5 million head of livestock. These benefits are in the form of compensation for inundated farmland, free distribution of seed paddy, and the provision of animal feed in some affected areas. Thus, farmers who suffered flood damage continue to face difficulties due to the lack of effective measures to provide compensation for loss of major harvests or lost income opportunities. Under these circumstances, JICA dispatched three preliminary study missions during November 2011 to January 2012, and decided to conduct this Project titled “Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector.” 2. Project Outputs The outputs of this project are: 1) recovery of productivity of damaged pastures, 2) guidelines on rehabilitation and reinforcement of irrigation facilities, and 3) guidelines on disaster-resilient agriculture and agricultural community planning. Thus, through this project, JICA provides support to both short-term and long-term efforts of the Government of Thailand in the agricultural sector. 3. Project Study Areas The study areas under this Project include the watershed of Chao Phraya River as the main-stream basin, the Yom River basin where severe damage was caused by the 2011 flood, a part of the Nan River basin and Pa Sak River basin and Tha Chin River basin. The flood caused damages in 63 provinces (changwat) out of 77, including northern and northeastern parts of the country. This Project targets the areas in upper stream of Chao Phraya River and the Chao Phraya Delta in central region. 1 / 29 Summary The Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agricultural Sector Final Report 4. The 2011 Flood Disaster According to a 2012 ADRC study; severe flooding occurred during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand. Beginning at the end of July triggered by the landfall of Tropical Storm Nock-Ten, flooding soon spread through the provinces of Northern, Northeastern and Central Thailand along the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins. In October, flood waters reached the mouth of the Chao Phraya and inundated parts of the capital city of Bangkok. Flooding persisted in some areas until mid-January 2012, and resulted in a total of 815 deaths (as of Jan 17, 2012) (with 3 missing) and 13.6 million people in 4 regions affected. Sixty-five of Thailand’s 77 provinces were declared flood disaster zones, and over 20,000 square kilometers (7,700 sq mi.) of farm land was damaged. The disaster has been described as ‘the worst flooding yet in terms of the amount of water and people affected.’ The World Bank has estimated
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