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NEWINGTON QUARRY Sand & Gravel Extraction Environmental Statement ANNEX E - ARCHAEOLOGY & CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT 47072089.ES AECOM March 2015 AJA andrew josephs associates consultancy | project management | expert witness Newington Quarry Near Misson Nottinghamshire Proposed Extensions Cultural Heritage Assessment February 2015 E:mail [email protected] ● Telephone 07990 571908 www.andyjosephs.co.uk 16 South Terrace, Sowerby, Thirsk, YO7 1RH Andrew Josephs Ltd. Registered Office, Antrobus House, 18 College St, Petersfield, GU31 4AD. Registration no. 4547366 Newington Cultural Heritage Assessment February 2015 CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Scope of this Report and Description of the Proposed Development 1.2 Methodology 1.3 Relevant Legislation, Policy and Guidance 2 BASELINE ASSESSMENT 12 2.1 Designated Cultural Heritage Assets 2.2 Non-designated Cultural Heritage Assets 2.3 Archaeological Investigations in the Vicinity of the Proposed Extension Areas 2.4 Archaeological and Geological Background of the Proposed Extension Areas 2.5 Brief History of Misson and the PEA 2.6 Aerial Photography 2.7 Site Visit 2.8 Assessment of Setting of Designated Assets 3 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 23 3.1 Archaeological Potential 3.2 Mitigation of Direct Impacts 3.3 Indirect Impacts 3.4 Mitigation of Indirect Impacts 28 2 andrew josephs associates Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Consultancy Newington Cultural Heritage Assessment February 2015 4 ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS 4.1 Criteria used in the Evaluation of Predicted Effects 4.2 Assessing Significance 4.3 Evaluation of the Significance of Predicted Effects 5 SUMMARY 33 FIGURES after page 38 1 Location Plan 2 Designated Heritage Assets within 2km of PEA 3 Cultural Heritage Sites and Monuments within 1.5km of PEA 4 Superficial Geology of Proposed Extension Areas and Current Quarry 5 Ordnance Survey 1st edition of 1891-94 6 Cropmark plots shown by green lines, with linear cropmark in western PEA and square enclosure outside PEA boundary arrowed 7 Context and Visual Assessment of the PEAs from Designated Heritage Assets PHOTOGRAPHS after page 46 1 Looking towards Misson from PEA, January 2015 2 Looking towards Misson from current quarry 3 Church of St John the Baptist, Misson 4 View from Church of St John the Baptist towards PEAs 5 West Street, Misson 3 andrew josephs associates Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Consultancy Newington Cultural Heritage Assessment February 2015 6 Looking towards current quarry from near West Street, Misson 7 Church of St Helena, Austerfield 8 View from Church of St Helena towards PEAs Appendix after page 51 Scoping response from Nottinghamshire CC A note on printing ….. Blank pages within this document are to allow “back-to-back” printing (or photocopying), thus using only half the paper of standard printing. 4 andrew josephs associates Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Consultancy Newington Cultural Heritage Assessment February 2015 1. Introduction 1.1 SCOPE OF THIS REPORT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT Cultural heritage is represented by a wide range of features that result from past human use of the landscape. These include historic structures, many still in use, above ground and buried archaeological monuments and remains of all periods, artefacts of anthropological origin, and deposits and sediments that can help us recreate past environments. In its broadest form cultural heritage is represented by the landscape and townscape itself. This report, commissioned by Hanson Ltd, presents the findings of a cultural heritage assessment undertaken as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment of a proposed extension (one of which is an additional working area) at Newington Quarry, Nottinghamshire. The proposed extension is in two parts, as shown on Figure 1. The development shall comprise: • progressive working of an additional working area within the existing Newington South development over approximately 12 months, with restoration to flood plain wetland habitats, utilising the same production methods as currently employed at the site and with export via the existing site access road; and • upon completion of Newington South a move of operations to Newington West, again using the same working methods, which will provide an additional c. 2 years’ worth of production at the site, and creation of a new access off the C219 (Bawtry Road) to serve the Newington West extension. The approximate centre of the two proposed extensions are at NGR SK 684 940 (the southern area) and SK 676 940 (the western area). 1.2 METHODOLOGY The proposed extension areas (PEAs) lie within a landscape that has been intensively studied from an archaeological and palaeoenvironmental perspective. The current quarry has been subject to a wide range of archaeological techniques including desk-based assessment, geophysical survey, auger survey, test-pitting, trial-trenching and excavation. Scientific analysis has been carried out including palaeoenvironmental assessment, radiocarbon dating and dendro-chronological dating. The work has been carried out by numerous organizations including Northern Archaeological Associates, GSB Prospection, the Universities of Hull, Birmingham and Sheffield and Pre-Construct Archaeology. Reports have been submitted to Nottinghamshire County Council Heritage Service, responsible for monitoring the work. These reports have provided important information in respect of the archaeological potential of the proposed extension. 5 andrew josephs associates Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Consultancy Newington Cultural Heritage Assessment February 2015 The northern PEA has itself been subject to a limited area geophysical survey, in 2000, which showed there was potential for archaeological remains, although the results did not correlate with plotted cropmarks. A detailed, site-wide geophysical survey will therefore be carried out prior to determination of the planning application. Trial-trenching may subsequently be required. Due to ground conditions it has not been possible to undertake this work prior to submission of the application. Research has included collation of available information from the Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (NHER) and online databases, including the National Monuments Record, Heritage Gateway and PASTSCAPE. An overview of historical sources was also made including consultations with the Nottinghamshire Archives, as were searches of the on- line index to the National Archives and of all collections held in local record repositories listed on the Access to Archives website. A visit to the proposed extension areas and its environs was carried out on January 28th 2015. The aim of this assessment is to compile information that will assist in determining the cultural heritage implications of the proposed extension and allow the scope of any required mitigation to be set. All work has been undertaken in accordance with Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2008, revised 2012). This assessment considers both direct and indirect effects upon cultural heritage. Direct effects would normally occur within the area of ground disturbance that precedes mineral extraction or the creation of infrastructure, and areas to be landscaped and managed as part of the overall scheme. Indirect effects can occur as a result of significant changes to the setting of an historic landscape or feature, whether permanent or temporary. This is particularly relevant to designated assets of cultural heritage importance, such as Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas. After consideration of topography and the proposed working methodology and restoration, a study area of 1.5km from the PEAs has been selected as an appropriate zone within which an effect could occur. Consultations have been held with Ursilla Spence, Senior Archaeological Officer, Department of Planning, Nottinghamshire County Council. The work was based upon a scoping response that included concerns raised by English Heritage on the setting of designated assets (Appendix A). 1.3 RELEVANT LEGISLATION, POLICY AND GUIDANCE The importance of cultural heritage is clearly recognised at both national and local levels. Certain features that are deemed to be of particular importance are given legal protection through the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (Scheduled Monuments), the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) and the Hedgerows Regulations 1997 (Hedgerows of Historic Importance). 1.3.1 National Policy and Guidance In accordance with The Town and Country (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2011 the significance of an effect should be identified as part of this cultural heritage 6 andrew josephs associates Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Consultancy Newington Cultural Heritage Assessment February 2015 assessment. This is achieved using a combination of the following published guidance and professional judgement. • National Planning Policy Framework 2012. Department for Communities and Local Government. • Planning Practice Guidance, 2014. Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment. UK Gov. Planning Portal. • English Heritage 2008. Conservation Principles: Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment. London. • English Heritage 2011. The Setting of Heritage Assets: English Heritage guidance. • English Heritage 2011. Seeing The History In The View: A Method For Assessing Heritage