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wjert, 2016, Vol. 2, Issue 6, 109 -124 Review Article ISSN 2454-695X Hassaan . World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology WJERT www.wjert.org SJIF Impact Factor: 3.419 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN ANCIENT EGYPT, PART XXXI: HUMAN WOODEN STATUES (PREDYNASTIC TO 13th DYNASTY) Prof. Dr. Galal Ali Hassaan* Emeritus Professor, Department of Mechanical Design & Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt. Article Received on 12/10/2016 Article Revised on 01/11/2016 Article Accepted on 21/11/2016 ABSTRACT *Corresponding Author This is the 31st research paper exploring the evolution of Mechanical Prof. Dr. Galal Ali Hassaan Engineering in Ancient Egypt. The paper investigates the production of Emeritus Professor, human wooden statues in ancient Egypt starting from the Predynastic Department of Mechanical Period up to the 13th Dynasty. The design of the wooden statues, the Design & Production, used raw material, date and present location are investigated. The Faculty of Engineering, clothing and headdress of the statues is highlighted and the beauty Cairo University, Egypt. aspects associated with some wooden statues. The analysis outlined also the degree of sophistication of the used mechanical technology producing amazing statues. KEYWORDS: History of mechanical engineering, ancient Egypt, human wooden statues, Predynastic to 13th Dynasty. INTRODUCTION This is the 31st research paper in a series aiming at exploring the evolution of mechanical engineering in ancient Egypt through the different activities of their wonderful civilization. The ancient Egyptians used different materials for the production of their human statues such as wood, ivory, clay, pottery, faience, brass, bronze and stone. -
A Window Into Paleocene to Early Eocene Depositional History in Egypt Basedoncoccolithstratigraphy
The Dababiya Core: A window into Paleocene to Early Eocene depositional history in Egypt basedoncoccolithstratigraphy Marie-Pierre Aubry1 and Rehab Salem1,2 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, NJ 08854-8066, USA email: [email protected] 2Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt [email protected] ABSTRACT: The composite Paleocene-lower Eocene Dababiya section recovered in the Dababiya Quarry core and accessible in out- crop in the Dababiya Quarry exhibits an unexpected contrast in thickness between the Lower Eocene succession (~Esna Shales) and the Paleocene one (~Dakhla Shales and Tarawan Chalk). We investigate the significance of this contrast by reviewing calcareous nannofossil stratigraphic studies performed on sections throughout Egypt. We show that a regional pattern occurs, and distinguish six areas—Nile Valley, Eastern Desert and western Sinai, Central and eastern Sinai, northern Egypt and Western Desert. Based on patterns related to thicknesses of selected lithobiostratigraphic intervals and distribution of main stratigraphic gaps, we propose that the differences in the stratigraphic architecture between these regions result from differential latest Paleocene and Early Eocene subsidence following intense Middle to Late Paleocene tectonic activity in the Syrian Arc folds as a result of the closure of the Neo-Tethys. INTRODUCTION view of coccolithophore studies in Egypt since their inception During the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene Egypt was (1968). Coccolith-bearing sedimentary rocks as old as part of a vast epicontinental shelf at the edge of the southern Cenomanian outcrop in central Sinai (Thamed area; Bauer et al. Tethys (text-fig. 1). Bounded by the Arabian-Nubian craton to 2001; Faris and Abu Shama 2003). -
International Selection Panel Traveler's Guide
INTERNATIONAL SELECTION PANEL MARCH 13-15, 2019 TRAVELER’S GUIDE You are coming to EGYPT, and we are looking forward to hosting you in our country. We partnered up with Excel Travel Agency to give you special packages if you wish to travel around Egypt, or do a day tour of Cairo and Alexandria, before or after the ISP. The following packages are only suggested itineraries and are not limited to the dates and places included herein. You can tailor a trip with Excel Travel by contacting them directly (contact information on the last page). A designated contact person at the company for Endeavor guests has been already assigned to make your stay more special. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS: The Destinations • Egypt • Cairo • Journey of The Pharaohs: Luxor & Aswan • Red Sea Authentic Escape: Hurghada, Sahl Hasheesh and Sharm El Sheikh Must-See Spots in: Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan & Sharm El Sheikh Proposed One-Day Excursions Recommended Trips • Nile Cruise • Sahl Hasheesh • Sharm El Sheikh Services in Cairo • Meet & Assist, Lounges & Visa • Airport Transfer Contact Details THE DESTINATIONS EGYPT Egypt, the incredible and diverse country, has one of a few age-old civilizations and is the home of two of the ancient wonders of the world. The Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River more than 7000 years ago. It is recognizable for its temples, hieroglyphs, mummies, and above all, the Pyramids. Apart from visiting and seeing the ancient temples and artefacts of ancient Egypt, there is also a lot to see in each city. Each city in Egypt has its own charm and its own history, culture, activities. -
4 Days Tour to Alexandria and Siwa Oasis from Cairo
MARSA ALAM TOURS 00201001058227 [email protected] 4 days tour to Alexandria and Siwa oasis from Cairo Type Run Duration Pick up Private Every Day 4 days-3 nights 06:00 A.M We offer 4 days tour package to Alexandria and Siwa oasis from Cairo, Vist Alexandria attractions overnight in Alexandria. Visit El Alamein on the way to Siwa oasis, discover Siwa oasis Inclusions: Exclusions: All Transfers by Private A/C Latest Personal expenses and extras at model Vehicle the hotels or tours 1-night hotel accommodations in Entry visa Alexandria Alcoholic drinks An expert tour guide will start from Any other item non-mentioned Cairo above 1-night hotel accommodations on Tips a Half board basis Lunch at Local restaurant or Picnic Prices Quoted Per Person in U.S.D Lunch Water and Snacks Single occupancy 990 $ Required Entry fees Double and Triple occupancy 630 Taxes and Services $ 1 night in the Camp on half board basis Rate is fixed all year round (Except Mid-Year school vacations, Xmas, New Year &Easter) Children Policy : Children from 0 to 5.99 Years Free Child from 6 to 11 years old Pay 50% of the adult rate sharing parent`s room Note: The Program Can be extended to be 5 days 4 Nights with 75 $ Per Person Extra Itinerary: page 1 / 12 MARSA ALAM TOURS 00201001058227 [email protected] We offer 4 days tour package to Alexandria and Siwa oasis from Cairo, Vist Alexandria attractions overnight in Alexandria. Visit El Alamein on the way to Siwa oasis Visit the Fortress at Shali, Cleopatra`s Bath, The temple of the Oracle, Gebel, and Mawta, and the great sand sea with 4x4 and, know more about Siwa oasis with your Private tour guide page 2 / 12 MARSA ALAM TOURS 00201001058227 [email protected] Days Table First Day :Day 1-Cairo-Alexandria Start your private tour to Alexandria from Cairo, starts at 7:00 am with Pickup from your hotel by our Egyptologist, and transfer by Private A/C Vehicle to Alexandria, The distance is 220 k/m Northwest of Cairo. -
En-10 Geochemical Characteristics and Environmental Isotopes Of
Seventh Conference of Nuclear Sciences & Applications 6-10 February 2000. Cairo, Egypt En-10 Geochemical Characteristics and Environmental Isotopes of Groundwater Resources in some Oases in the Western Desert, Egypt EG0100098 M.S.Hamza, M.A.Awad, S.A.El-Gamal and M.A.Sadek Siting and Environmental Department, National Center for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control, Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., Nasr City-11762, B.O.BOX 7551, Cairo-Egypt. ABSTRACT A study has been conducted using hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes (deuterium, oxygen-18 & carbon-14) on the Nubian Sandstone aquifer which underlies the Western desert oases. The concerned three oases (El-Farafra, El-Dakhla and El-Kharga) covers an area about 8000 km2 from the total area of the Western Desert. Seventy one water samples were collected from these three oases and subjected to both chemical and isotopic analysis to evaluate their groundwater resources. The hydrochemical data of these water samples reveals that thier salinity doesn't exceed 500 mg/I as well as the presence of marine and meteoric water types with different percentage. The mineralization of the investigated groundwater may be evoluated under flusing the original marine water entrapped between the pores of the aquifer matrix by meteoric water which is furthely modified through leaching, dissolution, cation exchange and oxidation-reduction processes. The investigated groundwater indicates some sort of quality hazards for drinking and domestic purposes due to the high concentration of both iron (agverage 6 mg/1) and hydrogen sulphide (average 2.5 nig/I ) relative to WHO standard. This water can be used safety for all kinds of livestocks. -
A Lion in a Lettuce? Some Ideas on a Group of Late Old Kingdom Maceheads*
A lion in a lettuce? Some ideas on a group of late Old Kingdom maceheads* Andrés Diego Espinel Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo – CSIC, Madrid [email protected] th URING THE FIRST DECADES of the 20 century several piriform or ḥḏ-maceheads carved with a hard-tipped leaf scale motif were retrieved around the mortuary D complex of king Teti (6th dynasty) at Saqqara [fig. 1]. In 1906-1907, Quibell discovered “parts of two of them made of reddish limestone” probably at the east of the king’s pyramid1. At least three other limestone maceheads “were found in the offering room or in the rubbish near it” by Firth and Gunn while digging in the Teti pyramid temple in the early 1920s2. Two of the former were given by the Egyptian Antiquities Service to the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston in 19243. The rest, along with other ones probably discovered about the same time, went to the Cairo Museum. Five of them are currently on display in the Imhotep Museum at Saqqara4. Almost all of the published examples are made of limestone, but, at least, there is a wooden example at Boston5. According to the images at hand of the four published limestone examples, all of them were inscribed with the Horus name of Teti (s.ḥtp tȝ.wy (rḏỉ ʿnḫ)) and a brief phrase connected to the practical use of these weapons: “subduing the znṯy.w-rebels (dȝ znṯ(y.)w)”6. Moreover, two of them contain a cartouche with the name of * I thank Francisco Borrego Gallardo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) for the critical reading of a preliminary draft of this article and for his comments that have enriched significantly this paper. -
Joyful in Thebes Egyptological Studies in Honor of Betsy M
JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN MATERIAL AND VISUAL CULTURE OF ANCIENT EGYPT Editors X xxxxx, X xxxx NUMBER ONE JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN Edited by Richard Jasnow and Kathlyn M. Cooney With the assistance of Katherine E. Davis LOCKWOOD PRESS ATLANTA, GEORGIA JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN Copyright © 2015 by Lockwood Press All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to Lockwood Press, PO Box 133289, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944276 ISBN: 978-1-937040-40-6 Cover design by Deborah Shieh, adapted by Susanne Wilhelm. Cover image: Amenhotep III in the Blue Crown (detail), ca. 1390–1352 BCE. Quartzite, Ht. 35 cm. Face only: ht. 12.8 cm; w. 12.6 cm. Rogers Fund, 1956 (56.138). Image copyright © the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. is paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Abbreviations xvii Bibliography of Betsy M. Bryan xxiv Tabula Gratulatoria xxviii T A. BÁCS Some Aspects of Tomb Reuse during the Twentieth Dynasty 1 Y BARBASH e Lion-Headed Goddess and Her Lost Cat: Brooklyn Museum 37.1379E 11 H BASSIR On the Historical Implications of Payeftjauemawyneith’s Self-Presentation on Louvre A 93 21 L M. -
Ancient Civilizations
Ancient civilizations Mediterranean EUROPE & MEDITERRANEAN COASTS / ANTALYA TO ATHENS Cruise 8 DAYS /7 NIGHTS ◆ EXTEND YOUR STAY IN A CLUB MED RESORT: Gregolimano CRUISE ON THE CLUB MED 2 Welcome aboard Club Med 2, for a unique experience that provides a gateway to the world. Elegance and comfort are the essence of this magnificent 5-masted sailing ship EUROPE & MEDITERRANEAN COASTS / ANTALYA TO ATHENS Mediterranean Ancient civilizations Cruise ◆ From 29/08/2020 to 05/09/2020 - 8 days / 7 ◆ EXTEND YOUR STAY IN A CLUB MED RESORT: Gnirgehgtsolimano Your cruise Days Stages Arrival Departure Nautical Hall 1. Saturday ANTALYA .. 20:00 CLOSED 2. Sunday PAPHOS 12:00 19:00 CLOSED 3. Monday ALEXANDRIA 13:00 CLOSED 4. Tuesday ALEXANDRIA .. 21:00 CLOSED 5. Wednesday RHODES 21:00 CLOSED 6. Thursday RHODES .. 19:00 CLOSED 7. Friday SANTORINI 08:00 19:00 CLOSED 8. Saturday ATHENS 08:00 CLOSED Day 1 : Boarding from 16h to 19h Day 8 : Landing from 9h to 11h Date of publication: 10/03/2020 The information contained in this document is valid on this date, and is subject to change. For full, up-to-date information, contact your travel agent or the Club Med website. The images are non contractual, and serve only as an indication. 2 EUROPE & MEDITERRANEAN COASTS / ANTALYA TO ATHENS Mediterranean Ancient civilizations Cruise ◆ From 29/08/2020 to 05/09/2020 - 8 days / 7 ◆ EXTEND YOUR STAY IN A CLUB MED RESORT: Gnirgehgtsolimano Itinerary of your cruise Nicknamed the "Turkish Riviera", this seaside resort, which is the most popular in the country, is home to an old city which contains fine Day 1 - Saturday Antalya examples of local architecture, beautifully carved woodwork, mosques, etc. -
Construction Projects Sector - Q4 2018 Report
Construction Projects Sector - Q4 2018 Report Construction Projects 4 (2018) Report American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt - Business Information Center 1 of 20 Construction Projects Sector - Q4 2018 Report Special Remarks The Construction Projects Q4 2018 report provides a comprehensive overview of the Construction Projects sector with List of sub-sectors focus on top tenders, big projects and important news. Administrative Buildings Bridges Tenders Section Earthmoving Works Hospitals - Integrated Jobs (Having a certain engineering component) - sorted by Hotels & Tourist Development - Generating Sector (the sector of the client who issued the tender and who would pay for the goods & services ordered) Integrated works - Client Parks & Landscaping Renovation, Concrete Treatment & Paints Residential Buildings - Supply Jobs River Ports - Generating Sector Roads Construction - Client Schools & Other Educational Buildings Sea Ports Non-Tenders Section Steel Structure, Possible Prefab - Business News - Projects Awards - Projects in Pre-Tendering Phase - Privatization and Investments - Published Co. Performance - Loans & Grants - Fairs and Exhibitions This report includes tenders with bid bond greater than L.E. 50,000 and valuable tenders without bid bond Tenders may be posted under more than one sub-sector Copyright Notice Copyright ©2018, American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt (AmCham). All rights reserved. Neither the content of the Tenders Alert Service (TAS) nor any part of it may be reproduced, sorted in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt. In no event shall AmCham be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits. -
Twenty-Sixth Dynasty Necropolis at Gizeh
VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DER INSTITUTE FÜR AFRIKANISTIK UND ÄGYPTOLOGIE DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN 29 WA FA A el-SADEEK Twenty-Sixth Dynasty Necropolis at Gizeh BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄGYPTOLOGIE BAND 5 WIEN 1984 VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DER INSTITUTE FÜR AFRIKANISTIK UND ÄGYPTOLOGIE DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN NR. 29 WAFAA EL-SADEEK TWENTY-SIXTH DYNASTY NECROPOLIS AT GIZEH ANALYSIS OF THE TOMB OF THERY AND ITS PLACE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAITE FUNERARY ART AND ARCHITECTURE BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄGYPTOLOGIE, BAND 5 WIEN 1984 C Copyright 1984 by AFRO-PUB Verein zur Förderung und Publikation wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten aus den Fächern Ägyptologie und Afrikanistik Verleger und Eigentümer: AFRO-PUB Herausgeber: H. Mukarovsky Verantwortliche Schriftleiter: D.Arnold, J. Holaubek alle: A-1010 Wien, Doblhoffg.5 und Frankgasse 1 Druck: 0. Schanz To my parents V CONTENTS Acknowledgment IX Introduction 1 Chapter I Gizeh necropolis: its history 3 Chapter II The Tomb of Thery 11 a. History of excavation and discovery 13 b* Description of the tomb 17 c. Decoration of the tomb 22 Exterior 22 Interior 32 d. Thery1 s burial: contemporary and geographical setting 89 Chapter III Dynasty XXVI at Gizeh 101 a. General introduction 103 b. The Isis Temple 105 c. Individual tombs 114 Chapter IV Dynasty XXVI throughout Egypt 149 a. General introduction 151 b. Graves at Saqqara 155 c. Graves at Thebes - Asasif 166 d. Graves at Heliopolis 183 e. Graves at Bahriya Oasis 186 Chapter V Analysis of the architecture of the Tomb of Thery within the Dynasty XXVI pattern 205 a. Introduction 207 b. Building materials and local conditions 208 c. Architectural features 209 d. Comparison of likely use 212 Chapter VI Analysis of scenes from the Tomb of Thery within the Dynasty XXVI pattern 215 a. -
Added Value from Industries, Introduced in Villages, Oases and Reclaimed Lands
Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, ISSN 2375-9402, USA February 2017, Volume 3, No. 1-2, pp. 1-10 Doi: 10.15341/mast(2375-9402)/01.03.2017/001 Academic Star Publishing Company, 2017 www.academicstar.us Added Value from Industries, Introduced in Villages, Oases and Reclaimed Lands Hamed Ibrahim El-Mously1, 2 1. Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams, Egypt 2. Egyptian Society for Endogenous Development of Local Communities, Egypt Abstract: A considerable portion of the agricultural resources are being treated as valueless waste! This leads to the loss of sustainable resources as a comparative advantage and the associated opportunity of sustainable development. This can be attributed to the narrowness of the angle, by which we are accustomed to view these renewable resources, as well as the absence of the appropriate means to turn this waste to wealth. The first aspect is associated with the level of the R&D activities. The role of the researchers is, proceeding from the understanding and valorization of the traditional technical heritage of use of these resources, to issue a contemporary edition for the use of these resources, to rediscover them as a material base for the satisfaction of human needs: on the local, national and international levels. The second aspect is associated with industry. Industry here is understood in broad terms as these activities, conducted under defined conditions to transform the state, shape or properties of the agricultural resources to satisfy a certain criterion or requirement along a predetermined path of transformation to a final product. Proceeding from this definition industry includes a wide spectrum of activities including: sorting (to various sizes or quality levels), packaging, drying, freezing, pressing, squeezing, filtering, threshing, baling, etc. -
The Corrosive Well Waters of Egypt's Western Desert
The Corrosive Well Waters of Egypt's Western Desert GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-O Prepared in cooperation with the Arab Republic of Egypt under the auspices of the United States Agency for International Development The Corrosive Well Waters of Egypt's Western Desert By FRANK E. CLARKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-O Prepared in Cooperation with the Arab Republic of Egypt under the auspices of the United States Agency for International Development UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1979 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY H. William Menard, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Clarke, Frank Eldridge, 1913 The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert. (Contributions to the hydrology of Africa and the Mediterranean region) (Geological Survey water-supply paper; 1757-0) "Prepared in cooperation with the Arab Republic of Egypt, under the aus pices of the United States Agency for International Development." Bibliography: p. Includes index Supt. of Docs. no. : I 19.16 : 1757-0 1. Corrosion resistant materials. 2. Water, Underground Egypt. 3. Water quality Egypt. 4. Wells Egypt Corrosion. 5. Pumping machinery Cor rosion. I. United States. Agency for International Development. II. Title. III. Series. IV. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Water-supply paper; 1757-0. TA418.75.C58 627'.52 79-607011 For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government