Ethernet physical layer pdf

Continue 102: The represents 102 - a high-level presentation about the basics of the Ethernet physical layer. It is one of the first webinars in the University of Ethernet program and explores the physical layer from cables to the MAC layer. This presentation covers ethernet items such as 10GBASE-LRM and signal coding such as 10GBASE-R. From to 100 , Ethernet 102 shows real examples of copper and physical interfaces. Ethernet 103: Introduction to 25GB/with Ethernet Webinar attendees will receive an introduction and in-depth insight of (25GbE) currently in development. Panellists will also consider low-cost, high-speed connections; Current progress in 25GbE standardization Potential markets Deployment architecture and more. Ethernet 104: Introduction to 2.5G/5G BASE-T Ethernet The Ethernet The Ethernet 104: Introduction to 2.5G/5G BASE-T Ethernet Webinar took place May 21 at 10am PT and provided participants with an in-depth introduction to the next generation Enterprise Access (NGEA) 2.5G/5G BASE-T Ethernet. Presented by John D'Ambrosia, Chairman of the , and chief evangelist for Ethernet, Dell; Dave Chalupski, Chairman of the Ethernet Alliance BASE-T subcommittee, Intel Network Equipment Architect and Chairman of the IEEE P802.3bz 2.5G/5G BASE-T Task Force; and Peter Jones, Chief Engineer, Cisco Systems; The webinar presented an overview of 2.5G/5G BASE-T technologies, market drivers and standardization efforts. Ethernet 203: 40GbE and 100GbE Physical Layers for Data Centers Presented by Dan Dove, Chief Consultant at Dove Network Solutions, and Frank Yang, Marketing Chairman of the Ethernet Alliance Next Generation Ethernet Cable Subcommittee, and technical marketing manager at CommScope, Inc., Ethernet 203: 40GbE and 100GbE Physical Layers for Data Centers will explore market drivers for 40GbE and 100GbE, adoption trends in Ethernet with a focus on higher speeds, network architecture data centers and topology, cable trends, standards and connected transivers, direct cables and backplan joining. Ethernet 202: 10GBASE-T Updated this web binar has an overview of 10G Ethernet connectivity options and various methods to reduce power dissipation when using 10GBASE-T transvers. It also provides a brief explanation of the available 10GBASE-T technologies and cable variants, an overview of the main benefits of 10GBASE-T technology, a brief tutorial on EMI mitigation strategies for 10GBASE-T , and a list of different types of hardware that use 10GBASE-T interfaces. Ethernet 301: 40/100GbE Fiber Cables and Migration Practices Join Presenters Frank Yang, CommScope, Inc. and Robert Reed, Panduit as they present ethernet Alliance webinar Ethernet 301: 40/100GbE fiber cables and migration practices live March 21, 2012 This webinar will be promote and future deployment of 10G Ethernet, what it means and why it matters. The physical network layer of Ethernet technology Ethernet technology physical layer standard 8P8C (often called RJ45) connector is used most often on a category 5 cable, one of the types of cables used in the networks Ethernet Standard IEEE 802.3 (1983) Physical media , twisted steam, network topology point-point, star, bus Basic variants 10BASE5, 10BASE2, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-T Maximum distance 100 m (328 feet) over , up to 100 km above optical fiber Differential Mode (balanced), optical, single-step Maximum The speed of a bit of 1 Mbps to 400 Gbit/s Voltage Levels ± 2.5 V (over a twisted pair) Common types of 8P8C connector, LC, SC, ST Physical Layer Ethernet is a physical layer of functionality of the Ethernet family standards. The physical layer determines the electrical or optical properties of physical communication between the device and the network or between network devices. It is complemented by a MAC layer and a logical layer of communication. The Ethernet physical layer has evolved throughout its existence, Since 1980 and includes several physical multimedia interfaces and several orders of speed from 1 Mbps to 400 Gbit/s. The physical environment ranges from bulky coaxial cable to twisted steam and optical fiber with standardized reach up to 40 km. Typically, the network protocol stack software will work similarly on all physical layers. Many Ethernet adapters and switch ports support multiple speeds, using autonoticity to set up speed and duplex for the best values supported by both connected devices. If the autonage fails, some multi-speed devices feel the speed used by their partner, but this can lead to a duplex mismatch. With few exceptions, the 100BASE-TX port (10/100) also supports 10BASE-T, while port 1000BASE-T (10/100/1000) also supports 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. Most 10GBASE-T ports also support 1000BASE-T, some even 100BASE-TX or 10BASE-T. While can be practically relied upon for ethernet over a twisted pair, few optical-fiber ports support multiple speeds. In any case, even multi-stage fiber interfaces only support one wavelength (e.g. 850 nm for 1000BASE-SX or 10GBASE-SR). was already used in both corporate and carrier networks by 2007, with the ratification of 40 Gbit/s and . In 2017, the fastest additions to the Ethernet family were 200 and 400 Gbit/s. layers are named by their specifications: 10, 100, 1000, 10G, ... - usable speed at the top of the physical layer (no suffix and megabit/s, G and gigabit/s), except for linear codes, but including other physical layer overheads (preamble, SFD, IPG); some WAN PHYS PHYs Work with a slightly reduced bitrate for compatibility reasons. encoded sub-layered PHY typically operate on higher BASE, BROAD, PASS - base lane, or signal lane, respectively -T, -S, -L, -E, -I, -C, - K, -H ... - medium (PMD): T - twisted steam, Short wavelength S 850 nm (multidimensional fiber), L 1300 nm long wavelength (mostly single-engine fiber), E or q 1500 nm extra long wavelength (long wavelength (mostly single-engine fiber), E or q 1500 nm extra long wavelength (wavelengest (mostly single-engine fiber) one-time wavelength), B and bidirectional fiber (mostly disposable) using WDM, P - passive optical (PON), C - copper/twinax, K - backplane, 2 or 5 or 36 185/500/3600 m reach (obsolete), F and fiber, various wavelengths, H and plastic optical X, R From Generation): X for 8b/10b coding unit (4B5B for fast Ethernet) , R for large coding unit (64b/66b) 1, 2, 4, 10 - for LAN PHYs indicates the number of lanes used per link; for WAN PHYs indicates a 10 Mbit/s achievement in kilometers, the coding is not specified as all variants use the Manchester code. Most twisted pairs of layers use unique coding, so most often just-T is used. Coverage, especially for optical connections, is defined as the most achievable connection length that is guaranteed to work when all channel parameters are reached (modal bandwidth, fading, insertion loss, etc.). With better channel parameters, often longer, stable connection length can be achieved. On the contrary, communication with the worst channel parameters can also work, but only at a shorter distance. Achievement and maximum distance are of the same importance. The Physical Layers Of the following sections provide a brief summary of the official Ethernet media types. In addition to these official standards, many vendors have introduced their own types of media for various reasons, often to support long distances on fiber optic cables. Early implementations and 10 Mbit/s See also: The Early Ethernet standards used Manchester coding so that the signal was self-affirmed and did not suffer from high-aisle filters. Titled Standard (Clause) Common Link connectors reach The required description of the Cable Coaxial Cable Xerox Experimental Ethernet Proprietary Vampire Crane 1 km 75 Ω coaxial Original 2.94 Mbit /S Ethernet implementation had eight bit addresses and other differences in frame format. 10BASE5 802.3-1983 (8) AUI, N, Vampire Crane 500 m RG-8X Original Standard uses one coaxial cable in which the connection is made by clicking on one cable, drilling to make contact with the core and screen. Largely outdated, though because of its wide-ranging In the early 1980s, some systems may still be used. It was also known as DIX Standard (up to 802.3) and then as Thick-Ethernet (as opposed to 10BASE2, thinnet). 10 Mbit/s above expensive RG-8X 50 Ω coaxial cables, electric bus topology with collision detection. Deprecated 2003. 10BASE2 802.3a-1985 (10) BNC, EAD/TAE-E 185 m 50 Ω cable connects the machines together, each machine using a T-connector to connect to its NIC. Requires terminators at each end. For years in the mid-to-late 1980s it was the dominant Ethernet standard. Also called Thin Ethernet, Thinnet or Cheapernet. 10 Mbps over RG-58 coaxial cables, topology of the bus with collision detection. Deprecated 2011. 10BROAD36 802.3b-1985 (11) F 1800m @VF0.87 75 Ω coax early standard supporting Ethernet over long distances. He used broadband modulation techniques similar to those used in systems and worked on a coaxial cable. 10 Mbit/s, scrambled NRH signaling modulated (PSK) on a high-frequency carrier, wide bandwidth coaxial cables, bus topology with collision detection. Deprecated 2003. Twisted pair cable 1BASE5 802.3e-1987 (12) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7) 250 m voice class is also called StarLAN. Works at 1 Mbps over a twisted pair to an active hub, stellar topology. Despite the commercial glitch, 1BASE5 identified the architecture for the entire subsequent evolution of Ethernet on a twisted pair. Deprecated 2003. StarLAN 10 Proprietary (1988) 8P8C 100m voice class 10 Mbit/s over copper twisted pair of cables, stellar topology - turned into 10BASE-T LattisNet UTP Proprietary (1987) 8P8C 100m voice class 10 Mbit/s over copper twisted cabin pair, Star Topology - turned into 10BASE-T 10BASE-T 802.3i-1990 (14) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7) 100 m Cat-3 runs over four wires (two twisted pairs). The relay hub or switch is in the middle and has a port for each node. It is also a configuration used for 100BASE-T and gigabit Ethernet. Copper twisted pair of cables, stellar topology - direct evolution 1BASE-5. By 2018, it is still widely supported. 10BASE-Te 802.3az-2010 (14) 100 m Cat-5 Energy efficient version of Ethernet 10BASE-T using a low amplitude signal over a Category 5 cable, fully compatible with 10BASE-T nodes. 10BASE-T1L 802.3cg-2019 (146) IEC 63171-1, IEC 63171-6 1000 m Ethernet over one twisted pair for industrial applications 10BASE-T1S 802.3cg-2019 (147) 15 m Ethernet over one twisted pair for automotive applications, Including PoDL fiber optic cable FOIRL 802.3d-1987 (9.9) ST 1000 m FDDI-style MMF fiber optic intertransulatory communication; Original standard for Ethernet over fiber, withered 10BASE-FL 10BASE-F 802.3j-1993 (15) Common term for family 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standards using fiber optic cable: 10BASE-FL, 10BASE-FB and 10BASE-FP. Of these, only 10BASE-FL have been widely used. 10 Mbit/s over fiber optic pair 10BASE-FL 802.3j-1993 (15-18) ST 2000 m FDDI-style MMF Updated version of FOIRL standard for end knots, 2 km over reach of multi-story in the style of FDDI, wavelength 850 nm 10BASE-FB 802.3j-1993 (15-17) 2000 m Designed for spines connecting a number of hubs or switches as a direct successor to FOIRL; FOIRL; 2011. 10BASE-FP 802.3j-1993 (15- 16) 1000 m Passive Star Network, which did not require a relay, it was never implemented. Deprivations of 2003. Fast article Ethernet Main: Fast Ethernet All Fast Ethernet variants use star topology and usually use coding line 4B5B. Title Standard (Clause) Common Connectors Description Twisted-Pair Cable 100BASE-T 802.3u-1995 (21) Term for any of the three standards for 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over twisted pair cable. Includes 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4 and 100BASE-T2. As of 2009, 100BASE-TX completely dominates the market, and can be considered synonymous with 100BASE-T in informal use. 100BASE-TX 802.3u-1995 (24, 25) 8P8C (FDDI TP-PMD standard, ANSI INCITS 263-1995) 4B5B MLT-3 coded alarm, Category 5 cable using two twisted pairs. By 2018, still very popular. 100BASE-T4 802.3u-1995 (23) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7) 8B6T PAM-3 coded alarm, Category 3 cable (used for 10 BASE-T installations) using four twisted pairs. Limited to a semi-duplex. Deprecated 2003. 100BASE-T2 802.3y-1998 (32) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7) PAM-5 coded alarm, CAT3 copper cables with two twisted pairs, stellar topology. Supports a full duplex. It is functionally equivalent to the 100BASE-TX, but supports the old telephone cable. However, special sophisticated digital signal processors are needed to handle the coding circuits required, making this option quite expensive at the time. It arrived well after the 100BASE-TX was established on the market. The 100BASE-T2 and 100BASE-T4 were not widely accepted, but some of the technologies developed for them are used in 1000BASE-T. Deprivations of 2003. 100BASE-T1 802.3bw-2015 (96) None of the MODulation uses PAM-3 at 66.7 MBD over one double-directional twisted pair up to 15 m; three bits are coded as two characters. Designed for automotive applications. 100BaseVG 802.12-1994 8P8C is standardized by another subgroup IEEE 802, 802.12 because it used a different, more centralized form of media access (demand priority). Hewlett-Packard offer. At its core semi-duplex, it needed four pairs in a Cat-3 cable. Now outdated, the standard was removed in 2001. HDMI Ethernet Channel HDMI 1.4 (2009) HDMI HEC uses a hybrid for mixing and individual 100BASE-TX to transmit and receive signals through one twisted pair. Fiber-optic cable 100BASE-FX 802.3u-1995 (24, 26) ST, SC 4B5B NR'I coded alarm, two strands of multi- gon optical fiber. The maximum length is 400 meters for semi-duplex connections (to detect collisions) or 2 kilometers for a full duplex. The specifications are mostly borrowed from FDI. 100BASE-SX TIA-785 (2000) ST, SC 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over Fiber. The maximum length is 300 meters. The 100BASE-SX used short wavelength (850 nm) optics that was sharable with 10BASE-FL, making the autonutation scheme possible with 10/100 fiber adapters. Adapters. 802.3ah-2004 (58, 66) ST, SC, LC 100 Mbit/s Ethernet is bidirectional over one thread of one optical fiber mode. The optical multiplexer is used to separate transmission and receive signals into different wavelengths, allowing them to share the same fiber. Supports up to 10 km, only a full duplex. 100BASE-LX10 802.3ah-2004 (58) ST, SC, LC 100 Mbit/s Ethernet up to 10 km above a pair of one-year fibers, only a full duplex. 1 Gbit/s Main article: Gigabit Ethernet All variants of Gigabit Ethernet use star topology. 1000 BASE-X variants use 8b/10b PCS coding. Originally the semi-duplex mode was included in the standard, but has since been abandoned. Very few devices support gigabit speed at half a 100-00. Titled Standard (Clause) Common Connectors Description Twisted-Para Cable 1000BASE-T 802.3ab-1999 (40) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7) PAM-5 coded signaling, at least a Category 5 cable, with a category 5e highly recommended copper cable with four twisted pairs. Each pair is used in both directions at the same time. Extremely broad acceptance. 1000BASE-T1 802.3bp-2016 (97) None of these uses one two-right twisted pair only in full duplex mode; cables specified to reach 15 m (car segment) or 40 m (additional communications segment) for automotive and industrial applications; It uses coding 80B/81B in PCS, PAM-3 alarms at 750 MBd (three bits transmitted as two edge characters) and includes Reed-Solomon error correction. 1000BASE-TX TIA-854 (2001) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7) Category 6 cable required. Unrealized, filmed. Fiber-optic cable 1000BASE-SX 802.3z-1998 (38) ST, SC, LC 8B10B N' coded signal signal on 850 Nm of media, small multidimensional fiber (up to 550 m). 1000BASE-LX 802.3z-1998 (38) SC, LC 8B10B N'R, coded alarm on 1310 nm carrier, multi-stage fiber (up to 550 m) or single-barrel fiber up to 5 km; Most modern sales are actually 1000BASE-LX10 with 10 km to reach 1000BASE-BX10 802.3ah-2004 (59) SC, LC up to 10 km by 1490 and 1390 nm carriers; bidirectional over one thread of one fiber mode; often referred to only as 1000BASE-BX 1000BASE-LX10 802.3ah-2004 (59) SC, LC identical 1000BASE-LX, but increased power and sensitivity to 10 km within a pair of single fiber modes; commonly referred to as only 1000BASE-LX or, up to 802.3ah, 1000BASE-LH; Specific extensions exist for up to 40 km to reach 1000BASE-PX10-D 802.3ah-2004 (60) SC, LC downstream (from head to tail ends) over a single fiber mode using toology points to multi-lot (supports at least 10 km). 1000BASE-PX10-U 802.3ah-2004 (60) upstream (from tail to head) over a single fiber mode using toology points several points (supports at least 10 km). 1000BASE-PX20-D 802.3ah-2004 (60) downstream (from head to tail ends) over single-mark fiber using toology from point to multipoint (supports at least 20 km). km). 802.3ah-2004 (60) upstream (from the tail section to the end of the head) above the eponymous fiber using toology from point to multipoint (supports at least 20 km). 1000BASE-EX1000BASE-'X multi-supplier SC, LC up to 40 or 100 km above one fiber mode on 1550 nm carrier 15 Other SFP INF-8074i (2001) SFP is not a complete PHY in its own right, but very popular for adding modular transivers; single-lane, usually 1.25 Gbit/s 1000BASE-CX 802.3z-1998 (39) DE-9, FC style-2/IEC 61076-3-103, CX4/SFF-8470 8B10B N' encoded alarm on 25 m shielded, balanced copper cable (150 Ω). Precedes 1000BASE-T and is rarely used. 1000BASE-KX 802.3ap-2007 (70) 1m over backplane 1000BASE-RHx 802.3bv-2017 (115) RHA: clamp fixtureRHB/RHC: none listed 1000BASE-RHA, -RHB, -RHC run up to 50, 40 and 15 m duplex plastic optical fiber (POF) using wavelengths of 650 nm, 64b/65b coding, and PAM16 symbols at 325 MBd; Designed for home, industrial and automotive use, respectively 2.5 and 5 Gbit/s Main article: 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T are reduced variants of 10GBASE-T. These physical layers support a twisted pair of copper cables only. Название Стандартный (Clause) Общие разъемы Описание витой пары кабель 2.5GBASE-T 802.3bz-2016 (126) 8P8C - IEC 60603-7-4 (неэкранирован) или IEC 60603-7-5 (экранированный) 100 м Cat 5e 5GBASE-T 100 м Cat 6 2.5GBASE-T1 802.3ch-2020 используют одну двунаправную витую пару только в полном дуплексном режиме, предназначен для автомобильных и промышленных приложений 5GBASE-T1 Другие 2.5GBASE-KX 802.3cb-2018 (128) 2.5 Gbit/s более 1 м backplane, высококлассные 1000BASE-KX 5GBASE-KR 802.3cb- 2018 (130) 5 Gbit/s более 1 м backplane, сокращенная 10GBASE-KR 10 Gbit/s Основная статья: 10 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet является версией Ethernet с номинальной скоростью передачи данных 10 Gbit/s, в десять раз быстрее, чем Gigabit Ethernet. The first standard 10 Gigabit Ethernet, IEEE Std 802.3ae-2002, was published in 2002. Subsequent standards include media types for single-profile fiber (long-haul), multi-stage fiber (up to 400 m), copper backplan (up to 1 m) and copper twisted pair (up to 100 m). All 10-gigabit standards were combined in IEEE Std 802.3-2008. Most 10-gigabit variants use PCS 64b/66b (-R). 10 Gigabit Ethernet, in particular 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER, has a significant market share in carrier networks. Title Standard (Clause) Common Connectors Description twisted pair cable 10GBASE-T 802.3an-2006 (55) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7-4 (unscreened) or IEC 60603-7-5 (screened)) Uses Cat 6A twisted pair of wiring, four bands at 800 MBd each, PAM-16 with DS'128 10GBASE-T1 802.3ch-2020 uses one, two-way twisted pair In full duplex mode, designed for automotive and industrial applications Fiber-optical cable 10GBASE- SR 802.3ae-2002 (49-52) SC, LC is designed to support short distances over deployed multi-stage fiber fiber It has a range of 26 m to 400 m depending on the type of cable (modal bandwidth: reaching: 160 MHz km:26 m, 200 MHz km:33 m, 400 MHz km:66 m, 500 MHz km:82 m, 2000 MHz km:300 m, 4700 MHz km:400 m) using 850 nm wavelength 10GBASE-LX4 802.3ae-2002 (48'53) SC, LC uses four 8b/10b lanes with multiplexing wavelengths (1275, 1300, 1325 and 1350 nm) over deployed multi-modal cables to support ranges from 240m to 300 m (400/500 MHz). It also supports 10 km above one fiber mode. 10GBASE-LR 802.3ae-2002 (49'52) SC, LC supports 10 km over single fiber mode using 1310 nm wavelength 10GBASE-ER 802.3ae-2002 (49'52) SC, SC, LC maintains 30 km above single fiber mode using 1550 nm wavelength (40 km above engineering links) 10GBASE-AR multi-supplier SC, LC, offered by various suppliers; supports 80 km or more over single-legged fibers using 1550 nm wavelength 10GBASE-SW 802.3ae-2002 (50'52) Variation 10GBASE-SR with 9.58464 Gbit/s, designed for mapping directly as OC-192/ STM-64 SONET/SDH Streams (850 nm wavelength) 10GBASE- LW 802.3ae-2002 (50'52) Variation 10GBASE-LR with 9.58464 Gbit/s, is designed for direct mapping of streams OC-192 / STM-64 SONET/SDH (1310 nm wavelength) 10GBASE-EW 802.3ae-2002 (50-52) Variation 10GBASE-ER with 9.58464 Gbit/s, is designed for direct mapping of streams OC-192 / STM-64 SONET/SDH (1550 nm wavelength) 10GBASE-LRM 802.3aq-2006 (49-68) SC, LC Expand to 220 m above deployed 500 MHz km multi-stage fiber (1310 nm wavelength) 10GBASE-BR multi-supplier SC, LC, offered by various suppliers; bidirectional over one thread of one fiber mode for up to 10 to 80 km using (mostly) 1270 and 1330 nm wavelengths; often referred to as 10GBASE-BX or BiDi Other 10GBASE-CX4 802.3ak-2004 (48'54) CX4/SFF-8470/IEC 61076-3-113 Designed to support short distances over copper cables, It uses InfiniBand 4x connectors and CX4 two-axle cables and provides cable length of up to 15 m. It was listed in IEEE 802.3ak-2004, which was included in IEEE 802.3-2008. The delivery has all but stopped in favor of 10GBASE-T and SFP-DACs. 10GBASE-KX4 802.3ap-2007 (48'71) 1 m over 4 lanes rear of the aircraft 10GBASE-KR 802.3 2007 (49'72) 1m over one lane back line backplane 10GPASS-XR 802.3bn-2016 (100-102) EPON protocol over Coax (EPoC) - up to 10 Gbit/s downstream and 1.6 Gbit/s upstream for passive optical, point-to-multi-point The SFP's SFP is very popular for adding modular transvers (2009) SFP using passband WITH up to 16384-OV SFP (Direct Connection) SFF-8431 (2009) SFP are very popular for adding modular transvers; Used back-to-back, as Direct Attach is also very popular for up to 7m using passive two-axis cables, up to 15m using cables, or up to 100 m using active optical cables (AOC); single-lane, usually 10.3125 Gbit/s 25 Gbit/s Main article: 25 Gigabit Ethernet Single-band 25-gigabit Ethernet based on one one переулок из четырех из 100 Gigabit Ethernet стандарт, разработанный целевой группой P802.3by. 25GBASE-T над витой парой был одобрен вместе с 40GBASE-T в рамках IEEE 802.3bq. [18] Название Стандартный (Clause) Общие разъемы Описание витой пары кабель 25GBASE-T 802.3bq-2016 (113) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7-51 и IEC 60603-7-81, 2000 МГц) уменьшенная версия 40GBASE-T - до 30 м Категория 8 или ISO/IEC TR 11801-9905 (B1) кабели Волоконно- оптический кабель 25GBASE-SR 802.3by-2016 (112) LC, SC 850 нм над многоступенчатой кабелей с 100 м (OM4) или 70 м (OM3) достигают 25GBASE-LR 802.3cc-2017 (114) LC, SC 1310 нм над одной режимной кабелей с 10 км достичь 25GBASE-ER 802.3cc-2017 (114) LC, SC 1550 нм над одним режимом кабелей с 30 км досягаемости (40 км над инженерными ссылками) Другие 25GBASE-CR/CR-S 802.3by-20116 (110) SFP28 (SFF-8402/SFF-8432) прямого присоединения кабеля (DAC) над твинаксиальным кабелем с 3 м (-CR-S) и 5 м (-CR-L) достигают 25GBASE- KR/KR-S 802.3by-2016 (111) для печатного задней части самолета , производные от 100GBASE-KR4 SFP28 SFF-8402 (2014) SFP28 популярны для добавления модульных трансиверов 40 Gbit/s Основная статья: 100 Gigabit Ethernet Этот класс Ethernet был стандартизирован в июне 2010 года как IEEE 802.3ba вместе с первым поколением 100 Gbit/s, с добавлением в марте 2011 года, как IEEE 802.3bg, и самый быстрый, но витой пары стандарта в IEEE 802.3bq-2016. The nomenclature is as follows:[22] Name Standard (Clause) Common connectors Description Twisted- pair cable 40GBASE-T 802.3bq-2016 (113) 8P8C (IEC 60603-7-51 and IEC 60603-7-81, 2000 MHz) requires Category 8 cabling, up to 30 m Fiber-optical cable 40GBASE-SR4 802.3ba-2010 (86) MPO at least 100 m over 2000 MHz·km multi-mode fiber (OM3) at least 150 m over 4700 MHz·km multi- mode fiber (OM4) 40GBASE-LR4 802.3ba-2010 (87) SC, LC at least 10 km over single-mode fiber, CWDM with 4 lanes using 1270, 1290, 1310 and 1330 nm wavelength 40GBASE-ER4 802.3ba-2010 (87) SC, LC at least 30 km over single-mode fiber, CWDM with 4 lanes using 1270, 1290, 1310 and 1330 nm wavelength (40 km over engineered links) 40GBASE-FR 802.3bg-2011 (89) SC, LC single lane , single-mode fiber over 2 km, 1550 nm wavelength Other 40GBASE-KR4 802.3ba-2010 (84) at least 1 m over a backplane 40GBASE-CR4 802.3ba-2010 (85) QSFP+ (SFF-8436) up to 7 m over twinaxial copper cable assembly (4 lanes, 10 Gbit/s each) 50 Gbit/s The IEEE 802.3cd Task Force has developed 50 Gbit/s along with next-generation 100 and 200 Gbit/s standards using 50 Gbit/s lanes-[23] Name Standard (Clause) Common connectors Description Fiber-optical cable 50GBASE-SR 802.3cd-2018 (138) LC, SC over OM4 multi-mode fiber using PAM-4 with 100 m reach, 70 m over OM3 50GBASE-FR 802.3cd-2018 (139) LC, SC over single-mode fiber using PAM-4 with 2 km reach 50GBASE-LR 802.3cd-2018 (139) LC, SC over single-mode fiber using PAM-4 with 10 km reach 50GBASE-ER (139) LC , , над однодемонным волокном с использованием PAM-4 с 30-километровой досягаемости, 40 км над инженерными соединениями Другие 50GBASE-CR 802.3cd-2018 (136) SFP28, SFP28, микро-SFP, SFP-DD, OSFP по двухосный кабель с 3 м достичь 50GBASE- KR 802.3cd-2018 (137) над печатной цепи backplane, в соответствии с 802.3bs Пункт 124 100 Gbit/s Основная статья: 100 Gigabit Ethernet Первое поколение 100G Ethernet с использованием 10 и 25 Gbit/s полос был стандартизирован в июне 2010 года как IEEE 802.3ba наряду с 40 Gbit/s. Второе поколение с использованием 50 Gbit/s полос было разработано Целевой группой IEEE 802.3cd вместе со стандартами 50 и 200 Gbit/s. Третье поколение с использованием одной полосы 100 Gbit/s в настоящее время разрабатывается Целевой группой IEEE 802.3ck вместе с 200 и 400 Gbit/s PHYs и интерфейсами единицы крепления (AUI) с использованием 100 Gbit/s полос. [24] Name Standard (Clause) Common connectors Description Fiber-optical cable 100GBASE-SR10 802.3ba-2010 (86) MPO at least 100 m over 2000 MHz·km multi-mode fiber (OM3) at least 150 m over 4700 MHz·km multi-mode fiber (OM4) 100GBASE-SR4 802.3bm-2015 (95) MPO 4 lanes, at least 70 m over 2000 MHz·km multi-mode fiber (OM3) at least 100 m over 4700 MHz·km multi-mode fiber (OM4) 100GBASE-SR2 802.3cd-2018 (138) MPO two 50 Gbit/s lanes using PAM-4 over OM4 multi- mode fiber with 100 m reach, 70 m over OM3 100GBASE-LR4 802.3ba-2010 (88) SC, LC at least 10 km over single-mode fiber, DWDM with 4 lanes using 1296, 1300, 1305 and 1310 nm wavelength 100GBASE-ER4 802.3ba-2010 (88) SC, LC at least 30 km over single-mode fiber , DWDM with 4 lanes using 1296, 1300, 1305 and 1310 nm wavelength (40 km over engineered links) 100GBASE-DR 802.3cu (140) LC, SC at least 500 m over single-mode fiber using a single lane 100GBASE-FR at least 2 km over single-mode fiber using a single lane 100GBASE-LR at least 10 km over single-mode fiber using a single lane 100GBASE-ZR 802.3ct (153 & 154) at least 80 km over single-mode fiber using a single wavelength over a DWDM system, also forming the base for 200GBASE-ZR and 400GBASE-ZR Other 100GBASE-CR10 802.3ba-2010 (85) CXP10 (SFF-8642) up to 7 m over twinaxial copper cable assembly (10 lanes, 10 Gbit/s each) 100GBASE-CR4 802.3bj-2014 (92) QSFP28 4X (SFF-8665) up to 5 m over twinaxial copper cable assembly (4 lanes , 25 Gbit/s каждый) 100GBASE-CR2 802.3cd-2018 (136) SFP28, микро-SFP, SFP-DD, OSFP по двухосному кабелю с 3 м досягаемости (две полосы 50 Gbit/s) 100GBASE-CR 802.3ck (tbd) однополосная над двухосной медью с по крайней мере 2 м достичь 100GBASE-KR4 802.3bj-2014 (93) четыре полосы 25 Gbit/s каждый над задней самолет 1.00GBASE-KR2 802.3cd-2018 (137) две полосы 50 Gbit/s над печатным замыканием backplane, в соответствии с пунктом 802.3bs Пункт 124 100GBASE-KR 802.3ck (tbd) однополосный над электрическими backplanes поддерживая потерю вставки up to 28 dB на 28 GBd 100GBASE-KP4 802.3bj-2014 (94) using PAM4 modulation on four four 12.5 GBd each over the backplane 200 Gbit/s First Generation 200 Gbit/s were identified by the IEEE 802.3bs Task Force and standardized in 802.3bs-2017. IEEE 802.3cd Task Force has developed 50 and next generation 100 and 200 Gbit/s standards using one, two or four Gbit/s bands respectively. The next generation with 100 Gbit/s lanes is currently being developed by the IEEE 802.3ck Task Force along with 100 and 400 Gbit/s PHYs and 100 Gbit/s PHYs and 100 Gbit/s lanes. [24] Name Standard (Clause) Common connectors Description Fiber-optical cable 200GBASE-DR4 802.3bs-2017 (121) MPO four PAM-4 lanes (26.5625 GBd) using individual strands of single-mode fiber with 500 m reach (1310 nm) 200GBASE-FR4 802.3bs-2017 (122) SC, LC four PAM-4 lanes (26.5625 GBd) using four wavelengths (CWDM) over single-mode fiber with 2 km reach (1270/1290/1310/1330 nm) 200GBASE-LR4 802.3bs-2017 (122) SC, LC four PAM-4 lanes (26.5625 GBd) using four wavelengths (DWDM, 1296/1300/1305/1309 nm) over single-mode fiber with 10 km reach 200GBASE-SR4 802.3cd-2018 (138) MPO four PAM-4 lanes over OM4 multi-mode fiber with 100 m reach, 70 m over OM3 200GBASE-ER4 802.3cn-2019 (122) four-lane using four wavelengths (DVDM, 1296/1300/1305/1309 nm) over single-mode fiber with 30&km reach, 40 km over engineered links Other 200GBASE-CR4 802.3cd-2018 (136) QSFP28 , micro-SFP, SFP-DD, OSFP four-lane over two-axis cable with 3 m to reach 200GBASE-KR4 802.3cd-2018 (137) four-lane over the printing circuit backplane, According to paragraph 802.3bs Item 124 200GBASE-KR2 802.3ck (tbd) two-lane over electric backplanes support loss insertion up to 28 dB at 26.56 GBd 200GBASE-CR2 two-lane over Two Axial Copper with at least 2 m reaches 400 Gbit/s Main article: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has identified a new standard Ethernet capable of 200 and 400 Gbit/s in IEEE 802.3bs-2017. In May 2018, IEEE 802.3 began to develop standards for 100, 200 and 400 Gbit/s PHY and 100 Gbit/s PHY interfaces using 100 Gbit/s bands. In 2008, Robert Metcalfe, one of Ethernet's co-inventors, said he believed commercial applications using Terabit Ethernet could occur by 2015, although this may require new Ethernet standards. It was predicted that this would be quickly followed by scaling up to 100 Terabit, possibly as early as 2020. It is worth noting that these were theoretical predictions of technological capabilities, and not estimates of when such speeds will actually become available at a practical price. Title Standard (Clause) General Connectors Description fiber optic cable 400GBASE- SR16 802.3bs-2017 (123) MPO sixteen lanes (26.5625 Gbit/s) using separate THREADs OM4/OM5 multi-mode With 100m reach or 70m over OM3 OM3 802.3bs-2017 (124) MPO четыре полосы PAM-4 (53.125 GBd) с использованием отдельных нитей однопрофильного волокна с 500 м досягаемости (1310 Нм) 400GBASE-FR8 802.3bs-2017 (122) SC, LC восемь PAM-4 полос (26.5625 GBd) с использованием восьми длин волн (CWDM) над одномеговых волокон с 2 км достичь 400GBASE-LR8 802.3bs-2017 (122) SC, LC восемь PAM-4 полос (26.5625 GBd) с использованием восьми длин волн (DWDM) над одним режимом волокна с 10 км достичь 400GBASE-FR4 802.3cu SC, LC четыре полосы / длины волн (CWDM, 1271/1291/1311/1331 нм) над однодемолетным волокном с 2 км достигают 400GBASE-LR4 четыре полосы движения над однодемолетным волокном с 10 км достичь 400GBASE-SR8 802.3cm-2020 (138) SC, LC восемь-полосы с использованием отдельных нитей мульти-режимного волокна со 100 м достигают 400GBASE-SR4.2 802.3cm-2020 (150) четырехполосный с использованием отдельных нитей мульти-режим волокна со 100 м достичь 400GBASE-ER8 802.3cn-2019 (122) SC , LC eight-lane using eight wavelengths over one fiber mod with 40 km to reach 400GBASE-AR 802.3ct (155 and 156) SC, LC at least 80 km over one fiber mode using one wavelength with 16-AM over DWDM System Other 400BASEG-KR4 802.3ck (tbd) four-lane over electric backplanes support insertion Loss to 28 dB at 26.56 GBD 400GBASE-CR4 four-lane over two-axis copper with reaching at least 2 m 800 Gbps Technological Consortium Ethernet (former 25-gigabyte Ethernet consortium) offered 800 Gbit/s Ethernet PCS option, based on the 400GBASE-R tight kit in April 2020. Named Standard (Clause) General Connectors Description 800GBASE-R As of April 2020, PCS and PMA sublayer seem to be defined using eight bands of 100 Gbit/s each, and connectivity with the transiver module through the C2M or C2C interface, determined in 802.3ck. First Mile Home article: Ethernet in the first mile To provide Internet access services directly from providers to homes and small businesses: Title Standard (Clause) Description 10BaseS Proprietary 31 Ethernet over VDSL, used in products. uses bandwidth instead of the specified base range 2BASE-TL 802.3ah-2004 (61-63) By telephone wires 10PASS-TS 802.3ah-2004 (61-62) 100BASE-LX10 802.. 3ah-2004 (58) Single-phase fiber optics 100BASE-BX10 1000BASE-LX10 802.3ah-2004 (59) 1000BASE-BX10 1000BASE-PX10 80 2.3ah-2004 (60) Passive Optical Network 1000BASE-PX20 10GBASE-PR10/1GBASE-PRX 802.3av-2009 (75) 10 Gbit/s passive optical network with 1 or 10 Gbit/s uplink for 10 or 20 km range Sublayers Starting with Fastnet, physical layer specifications are divided into tri-layers for facebook, to simplify design and compatibility: 33 PCS (physical sublayer coding) - This sub-slater performs auto-negotiation and basic coding, such as 8b/10b, division movement and recombination. For Ethernet, the bit speed at the top of the PCS is a nominal bit speed, such as 10 Mbps for a classic Ethernet or 1000 Mbps for Gigabit Ethernet. Pma Pma Medium Attachment sublayer) - This sublayer frames PMA, octet/detection synchronization and polynomial scrambling/descreibation. PMD (Physical medium-dependent sub-layer) - This sublayer consists of a for the physical environment. Twisted- pair cable Home article: Ethernet over twisted pairs Of several varieties of Ethernet have been specifically designed to run over 4-a-couple of copper structured cables already installed in many places. When moving away from 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T and above use all four cable pairs to simultaneously transmit in both directions by undoing the echo. The use of point copper cables makes it possible to transmit low electrical power along with data. This is called and there are several, additional IEEE 802.3 standards. Combining 10BASE-T (or 100BASE-TX) with Mode A allows the hub or switch to transfer both power and data into only two pairs. This was designed to leave the other two pairs free for analog phone signals. The pins used in Mode B power power over spare pairs are not used by 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. The 4PPoE, defined in IEEE 802.3bt, can use all four pairs to deliver up to 100 W. 8P8C Wiring (MDI) Pin Pair Color Phone 10BASE-T'35'100BASE-TX 36 1000BASE-T 37 onwards PoE Po E B 1 3 white/green TX' BI_DA 48 v of 2 3 Green TX BI_DA-48 v of 3 2 white-orange RX BI_DB 48 V return 4 1 blue ring unused BI_DC 48 v of 5 1 white-blue recall unused BI_DC- 48 v of 6 2 Orange RX- BI_DB- 48 V returns 7 4 white/brown unused BI_DD 48 V return 8 4 brown unused BI_DD- 48 V return cable requirements depending on transmission and coded speed used. Typically, faster speeds require both more expensive cables and more complex coding. The minimum length of the fiber connection cable is minimal cable length due to the level requirements on the received signals. Fiber ports designed for long-haul wavelengths require a signal atenuator when used in a building. The installations, powered by the RG-58 coaxial cable, require a minimum of 0.5m between stations tapped into the network cable, this to minimize reflection. 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T and 1000BASE-T installations powered by twisted pair cables use stellar topology. The minimum length of the cable for these networks is not required. Related standards Some network standards are not part of the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard, but support the format and are able to interact with it. LattisNet-A SynOptics pre-standard twisted pair 10 Mbps option. 100BaseVG is an early contender for 100 Mbps Ethernet. He's working on a category 3 cable. four pairs. Commercial glitch. TIA 100BASE-SX - promoted by the Association of Telecommunications Industry. 100BASE-SX is an alternative implementation of 100 100 Ethernet over fiber; this is incompatible with the official 100BASE-FX standard. Its main feature is compatibility with 10BASE-FL, which supports auto-nail between 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps operation - a feature that does not have official standards due to the use of different LED wavelengths. It is designed for an installed base of 10 Mbps fiber optic network installations. TIA 1000BASE-TX- Promoted by the Telecommunications Industry Association, it was a commercial glitch and no products exist. The 1000BASE-TX uses a simpler protocol than the official 1000BASE-T standard, so electronics can be cheaper but require Category 6 cables. G.hn-Standard developed by ITU-T and promoted by the HomeGrid Forum for high-speed (up to 1 Gbit/s) local networks on existing home wiring (coaxial cables, power lines and telephone lines). G.hn determines the level of convergence of application protocols (APC), which takes Ethernet frames and encapsulates them in the G.hn MSDUs. Other network standards do not use the Ethernet frame format, but can still be connected to Ethernet using a MAC bridge. 802.11 -Standards for Wireless Local Networks (LANs) sold under the brand name Wi-Fi 802.16 -Standards for Wireless Networks of the Metropolitan Region (MANs) Sold under the WiMAX brand Other special physical layers include Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet and TTEthernet - Time-Triggered Ethernet for built-in systems. Links : Set up and troubleshooting Ethernet 10/100/1000Mb Half/Full Duplex Auto-Negotiation. Sisko systems. Received 2016-08-09. ... a link partner can determine the speed with which the other link partner works, even if the other partner on the link is not configured for automatic alignment. In order to detect speed, the communication partner feels the type of electrical signal that arrives and sees if it is 10MB or 100MB. Features of 10GBASE-T technology. fiber-optical-networking.com 2017-11-08. Received 2018-04-09. Review of 40 Gigabit Ethernet (PDF). IEEE HSSG. May 2007. 40 gigabit Ethernet responses (PDF). IEEE HSSG. May 2007. HECTO: High-speed electro-optical components for integrated transmitter and receiver in optical communication. Hecto.eu. received on December 17, 2011. IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force. Ieee. 2010-06-19. No 802.3bs-2017 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet - Amendment 10: Media Access Management Options, Physical Layers, and Control Options for 200 GB/S and 400GB/C Operation. IEEE 802.3. 2017-12-12. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2017.8207825. ISBN 978-1-5044-4450-7. IEEE 802.3 1.2.3 Physical Layer and Media Note - John F. Schoch; Iogen K. Dalal; David D. Redell; Ronald C. Crane (August 1982). The evolution of the local Ethernet (PDF) computer network. Ieee 15 (8): 14–26. ескат-Grade Thinnet Thinnet and Thicknet (10Base-5) Transformers for outdated installations. Virtual magazine strategy. 2012-06-11. Archive from the original 2013-12-19. Received 2012-07-01. IEEE 802.3 11.5.3 Delay Requirements ofلоммерل two:10.1109/MC.1982.1654107. L-com мредставлтет Spurgeon, Charles (2014). Ethernet: Final Guide, 2nd edition. O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4493-6184-6. Received on February 28, 2016. This media system has allowed several semi-duplex Ethernet signal repeaters to be connected in a series, exceeding the limit on the total number of repeaters that can be used in this 10MB/ethernet system.... For the first few years after the standard was developed, the equipment was available from several suppliers, but this equipment is no longer for sale. b IEEE 802.3 66. Expansions 10 GB/s Reconciliation Sublayer (RS), 100BASE-X PHY, and 1000BASE-X PHY for single-directional transport - IEEE 802.3 41. Repeat for 1000 MB/core network - Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Solutions for Cisco 7x00 series routers. Received on February 17, 2008. IEEE 802.3 Table 52-6 10GBASE-S operating range for each type of optical fiber - IEEE 802.3by 25 Gb/s Ethernet Task Force - IEEE P802.3bq 25G/40GBASE-T Task Force. Received 2016-02-08. Approval IEEE Std 802.3by-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bp-2016 and IEEE Std 802.3br-2016. Ieee. 2016-06-30. New Ethernet standard: not 40Gbps, not 100, but both. Ars Technica. Received on December 17, 2011. IEEE P802.3bg 40Gb/s Ethernet: A single-protem task force on PMD fiber. The task force's official website. IEEE 802. April 12, 2011. Received on June 17, 2011. Ilango Ganga (May 13, 2009). Editor-in-chief's report (PDF). IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force public record. page 8. Received on June 7, 2011. b c IEEE 802.3 50 Gb/s, 100 Gb/s and 200 Gb/s Ethernet Task Force. IEEE 802.3. 2016-05-17. Received 2016-05-25. a b c b STD-802-3-400G IEEE P802.3bs Approved!. IEEE 802.3bs Task Force. Received 2017-12-14. Snyder, Bob. IEEE is starting work on a new Ethernet standard. Received on August 9, 2016. Bob Metcalfe on Terabit Ethernet. Easy reading. February 15, 2008. Received on August 27, 2013. Author. IEEE introduce a new Ethernet speed, up to 1TB per second - MacNN. Received on August 9, 2016. 25 Gigabit Ethernet consortium rebranded Ethernet Technology Consortium; Announces 800 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) specification. 2020-04-06. Received 2020-09-16. 800GSpecification (PDF). 2020-03-10. Received 2020-09-16. Infineon strengthens its leadership in the MDU/MTU market with Ethernet over the VDSL Technology Patent Award. Press release. Infineon Technologies AG. January 8, 2001. Archive from the original on April 13, 2001. Received on August 27, 2011. Infineon announces second-quarter results. Press release. Infineon Technologies. April 24, 2001 28, 2011. ... Strategic Design-Winning with Cisco for new Long- range Ethernet products including 10BaseS Technology Infineon's IEEE 802.3 Figure 1-1-IEEE 802.3 Standard Relationship to ISO/IEC Open Joining Systems (OSI) Benchmark Model - Technology Info - LAN and Phones. Zytrax.com. received on December 17, 2011. IEEE 802.3 14.5.1 MDI connectors - IEEE 802.3 Table 25-2-Twisted pair of MDI contact jobs - IEEE 802.3 40.8.1 MDI connectors - Cisco 100FPBASE-FX S Fast Ethernet Interface Converter at Gigabit SFP Ports. Sisko systems. Archive from the original 2007-10-13. IEEE Standard for Ethernet 802.3-2008 Items 10.7.2.1-2 (PDF). The problem of eliminating Ethernet collisions. Received on August 9, 2016. Gigabit ethernet (PDF) extracted 2016-08-09 External Links Get IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 How to make the Ethernet cable extracted from the ethernet physical layer ppt. ethernet physical layer tutorial. ethernet physical layer standards. ethernet physical layer testing. ethernet physical layer transceiver. ethernet physical layer in computer networks. ethernet physical layer compliance testing. ethernet physical layer protocol

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