Bilbo Baggins' Development from Zero To

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BILBO BAGGINS’ DEVELOPMENT FROM ZERO TO HERO SEEN IN J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE HOBBIT: OR THERE AND BACK AGAIN

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

LEONI PUTERI GUSVAYANTI

Student Number: 124214050

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

BILBO BAGGINS’ DEVELOPMENT FROM ZERO TO HERO SEEN IN J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE HOBBIT: OR THERE AND BACK AGAIN

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

LEONI PUTERI GUSVAYANTI

Student Number: 124214050

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2019

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate theiss.

Yogyakarta, July 16, 2019

Leoni Puteri Gusvayanti

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma

Nama : Leoni Puteri Gusvayanti Nomor Mahasiswa : 124214050

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul

BILBO BAGGIN’S DEVELOPMENT FROM ZERO TO HERO SEEN IN J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE HOBBIT: OR THERE AND BACK AGAIN beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 16 Juli 2019

Yang menyatakan,

Leoni Puteri Gusvayanti

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would love to thank my father, Agus Haryanto, my mother, Erva Kristiani, also my brother and sister for their never ending support to me when I was feeling down while working on this thesis for these past 2 years.

I dedicate my appreciation to my thesis advisor Hirmawan Wijanarka,

M.Hum. for his advice, which is actually I can count the meeting with him with my ten fingers. It is such an honor for me to have A.B. Sri Mulyani, Ph.D. as my co- advisor. She is amazing as usual, thank you for your advice Mam. I also want to say how grateful I am to have many of amazing lecturers, such as J. Harris

Hermansyah, S.S., M.Hum., Dra. Theresia Enny Anggraini, Ph.D., Ni Luh Putu

Rosiandani, M.Hum., Anna Fitriati, S.Pd., M.Hum., Scholastica Wedhowerti,

S.Pd., M.Hum., Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum., Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd.,

M.Hum., Dr. Bernardine Ria Lestari, Arina Isti’anah, S.Pd., M.Hum., Adventina

Putranti, M.Hum., Dr. P. Hary Susanto, S.J.. My enormous love is also addressed to the beautiful Mbak Ninik “Sekretariat Fakultas Sastra”. I am very grateful and look forward to cherishing them all.

I would like to say how blessed I am to have the best mate ever, Handoko

Wijaya, for being my best undergraduate thesis partner for these past 4 years. I also want to give my love to my best friends, Feby Fadilia, Natasha Putri Drupadi, Caca

Ogeb, Cika Fitri, Mona Moncik, Putri Mpog, Nok “Si Cempluk”, Arinda, Sukma,

Patra, Dita, and Oyot. Thank you for always remind me to finish my undergraduate thesis. Not to forget about the other college’s friends, such as Dessen, Glory, Aya,

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Dimas, Kicos, and Livia for their kindness and support. I feel blessed that I have them on my side. Not to forget my dear family 234 SC Yogyakarta, I am very grateful to meet them in Yogyakarta.

Last but not least, I would like to thank to my Ruang Kerja’s colleagues

Ayas Fitria, Rifky, Ben Purnomo, Yanto Black, Fani Cello, Tara Ujima, and the other members of this family. I am blessed that I’ve met these people on my life.

Leoni Puteri Gusvayanti.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... ii APPROVAL PAGE ...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ...... iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .... v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...... vi MOTTO PAGE ...... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... x ABSTRACT ...... xi ABSTRAK ...... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Problem Formulation ...... 3 C. Objectives of the Study ...... 3 D. Definition of Terms ...... 3

CHAPTER I1: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 5 A. Review of the Related Studies ...... 5 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 8 1. Theory of Characters and Characterization ...... 8 2. Theory of Character’s Development ...... 12 C. Theoretical Framework...... 14

CHAPTER 1II: METHODOLOGY ...... 15 A. Object of the Study ...... 15 B. Approach of the Study ...... 16 C. Method of the Study ...... 17 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...... 19 A. The Characteristics of Bilbo Baggins ...... 19 B. The Character’s Development of Bilbo Baggins from Zero to Hero .... 33

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...... 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 55

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ABSTRACT

Gusvayanti, Leoni Puteri. Bilbo Baggins Development From Zero To Hero Seen in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2019. The story of The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again attracts the writer to discuss the characteristics of Bilbo Baggins, the main protagonist character in the story. In the story, Bilbo’s character development had changed before and after he joined the adventure. There is one problem formulation that consist of two questions in this thesis. The first is the characteristics of Bilbo Baggins in which commonly be seen before he joins the adventure with Gandalf and the dwarfs. The second is about the Bilbo’s development that makes her character changes from zero to hero. The methods used in this thesis were library research and internet research. The primary source used for this study was a novel from J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again. In describing Bilbo’s characters, the writer analyzed it by using an approach of New Criticism. The writer also used some sources that relate to the theory of Character and Characterization and Personality Development. The results of the study are as follows. The first, the characteristics of Bilbo Baggins before he joined the adventure was known as naive, stubborn, and easily frightened. Furthermore, he reluctantly joined the adventure when he decided to be a part of the quest. However, Bilbo was also known as a clever hobbit. The second, Bilbo began to show his character development during the adventure with Gandalf and the dwarfs. At first, he changed from a naive and easily frightened into a courageous hobbit. Second, he began to show his enthusiasm toward the adventure, which later he showed his capability in leadership and his skill to help the dwarfs. Third, he showed himself that he was capable to be a hero in different ways. It could be seen through his bravery, wisdom, and determination when he helped the dwarfs during the adventure. Keywords: Bilbo Baggins, character development, hobbit, new criticism, character, characterization, leadership.

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ABSTRAK

Gusvayanti, Leoni Puteri. Bilbo Baggins Development From Zero To Hero Seen in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit: Or There And Back Again. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2019. Cerita The Hobbit: Or There And Back Again oleh J.R.R Tokien menarik penulis untuk membahas tentang penggambaran karakter Bilbo Baggins, si tokoh utama protagonis. Dimana di dalam cerita ini, Bilbo mengalami perubahan dalam karakteristik dari sebelum hingga saat dia mengikuti petualangan. Di dalam skripsi ini terdapat satu rumusan masalah yang terdiri dari dua pertanyaan. Pertama yaitu mengenai penggambaran karakter pada Bilbo Baggins secara umum yang terlihat sebelum dia mengikuti petualangan bersama Gandalf dan para kurcaci. Kedua yaitu mengenai perubahan yang dialami oleh Bilbo Baggins yang membuat dia dari yang bukan siapa – siapa menjadi pahlawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian yang bersumber dari internet. Sumber utama dari bahan yang dianalisis adalah sebuah novel dari J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again. Dalam penjabaran karakter pada Bilbo Baggins, penulis menganalisa dengan menggunakan pendekatan New Criticism. Penulis juga menggunakan berbagai sumber yang berhubungan dengan teori karakter dan karakterisasi, dan perkembangan karakter. Pada penelitian ini, hasil analisis yang di dapat adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, karakter Bilbo Baggins yang terlihat sebelum mengikuti petualangan adalah polos, keras kepala, dan penakut. Selain itu, di saat dia pada akhirnya mengikuti petualangan, Bilbo terlihat ogah – ogahan saat menjadi bagian dari petualangan itu. Akan tetapi, Bilbo terkenal sebagai hobbit yang cerdas. Kedua, Bilbo mulai memperlihatkan beberapa perkembangan karakter pada dirinya selama berpetualang bersama Gandalf dan para kurcaci. Pertama, dia berubah dari yang polos dan penakut menjadi pemberani. Kedua, dia mulai memperlihatkan antusiasmenya sehingga menumbuhkan kredibilitas dalam leadership dan kecakapannya untuk membantu para kurcaci. Ketiga, dia memperlihatkan bahwa dirinya mampu menjadi seorang pahlawan dalam berbagai aspek. Hal itu terlihat saat dia menolong para kurcaci dengan keberanian, kearifan, dan keputusannya selama berpetualang. Kata Kunci: Bilbo Baggins, character development, hobbit, new criticism, character, characterization, leadership

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Literature is a body of written works related by subject matter, by language or place of origin, or by prevailing cultural standards of merit (Baldick, 2001: 141).

There are many examples of written works in literature, such as poetry, prose, short story, novel, and so on. Novel is an extended fictional prose which sometime the story is short, some are non-fictional, some have been written in verse, and some do not even tell a story (Baldick, 2001: 173). Novel has became the most important literary genre of the modern age and the writer wants to discuss about one of the most popular classic novels for children from one of J.R.R. Tolkien’s works, The

Hobbit: Or There and Back Again.

The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again is a fairy tale that becomes the most recommended novel for children in that era until 21st century. It had been recreated in a movie. The book was first published in 1937 by George Allen & Unwin in

United Kingdom. It was nominated for the Carnegie Medal and also awarded a prize from the New York Herald Tribune for the best juvenile fiction. In the story, Bilbo

Baggins was the son of Belladona Took, who was a fairy and one of three remarkable daughters of Old Took. He was also the son of the respectable Baggins who was a hobbit. In fact, the hobbit was unadventurous. Bilbo was a type of an ordinary hobbit who loved to stay at his home and did ordinary habits like the

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common hobbits. To know Bilbo Baggins’ characters, the writer must read closely at the text as the critic said “One learns early on in The Hobbit that qualities of character may be surmised by looking closely at the kind of language the character uses” – Katharyn W. Crabbe in Bloom’s Guides: The Hobbit (Bloom, 2011: 45).

There are many differences of Bilbo’s characteristics as the Baggins and the Tooks.

However, the reader can understand later as the author, Tolkien, has described some of Bilbo’s characteristics as the narrator. “These are narrative characteristics which serve to illustrate for the reader how literature is to be read, that is, how details of action or description may be used as the basis for inference” – Katharyn W. Crabbe in Bloom’s Guides: The Hobbit (Bloom, 2011: 45). As Tolkien said to an interviewer in Bloom’s Guides: The Hobbit, “The Hobbits are just rustic English people, made small in size because it reflects the generally small reach of their imagination, not the small reach of their courage or latent power” (Bloom, 2011:

56).

The story of Bilbo’s adventure with the dwarfs is very interesting to be discussed. In the story, Bilbo develops from an ordinary to an incredible hobbit for the readers. Therefore, the writer uses the theory of character and characterization in order to analyze the characteristics of Bilbo Baggins and the personality development to help the writer find Bilbo’s character development before and after he joined the adventure.

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B. Problem Formulation

There is one problem formulation that consist of two questions in this study.

The problem formulations are formulated as follows:

1. How are Bilbo Baggins’ characters described before his adventure in

Tolkien’s The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again?

2. How does Bilbo Baggins’ character develop from zero to hero in Tolkien’s

The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again?

C. Objective of the Study

The aim of this study is to answer the questions stated in the problem formulations. The first objective is to describe Bilbo Baggins’ characteristics that can be seen before his adventure with Gandalf and the dwarfs. The second objective is to show Bilbo’s character development during the adventure with Gandalf and the dwarfs.

D. Definition of Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding on certain terms, the writer explains the term occurred in the title.

Development (refers to character development), as E.M Forster (1927: 46) states that development is the changing of the character from the beginning until the end of the story. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Hero/es or heroine (in literature), as Hourihan (2005: 95) states that the hero is a man of action and it is in action that he expresses his nature—skill, courage, dominance and determination. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter is about the review of related theories which aim to give the relevance of the work that the writer used. This chapter consists of three main parts: the review of related studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework.

The first parts, the review of related studies is about the review of other researchers’ works that have the same topic, approach or theory used in this study. The second part, the writer provides the theories to analyze the topic which has two major theories, such as the character and characterization and the personality development.

The last part, the theoretical framework is about the contribution of the theories to the work.

A. Review of Related Studies

There are some reviews of related studies in the same topic but they come from different books from Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. The theories are used by the writer to help the writer understand more about character’s development.

The first study is “The Contribution of the Minor Characters to Charlie’s Character

Development in The Perks of Being A Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky” (2017) by

Zahmalia from English Letters Study Program, which she uses New Criticism as her thesis approach. The thesis in her first problem formulation is about to see the major and minor character and the second is to identify the contribution of the minor characters to Charlie’s character development.

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In Charlie’s life, Patrick, Sam, and the other characters make Charlie out from his shell. They make him become outgoing, try new things, until Charlie finally discover his interest in writing (2017: 14). She reveals the change of Charlie’s personality as an introvert which is shy, emotional, pedantic, brave, observant, wallflower, and mentally unstable. He is motivated by the minor character which gives him biggest impact for his character development.

The second study is “A Study of Harry’s Personality Development in Harry

Potter and The Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows”

(2016) by Dewi from English Language Education Study Program which uses psychological approach. Her work contains a description of Harry Potter and his personality development. The thesis reveals about Harry Potter’s personality development that can be seen from his personality determinants which are thinking ability as an intellectual determinant, the feeling of frustrated and affection as an emotional determinant, and Harry’s group status as a social determinant.

The third study is “The Personality Development of Hiccup in Cressida

Cowell’s How to Train Your Dragon” (2017) by Septiana from English Language

Education Study Program. This thesis only has one problem formulation, which is about Hiccup’s personality development depicted in his preadolescence stage which uses a psychological approach. The thesis reveals Hiccup’s several main personalities in the exposition, which are phlegmatic, melancholic, and choleric.

However, at the end of the story Hiccup’s personalities are changed from phlegmatic, melancholic, and choleric into melancholic and choleric at the end of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

the story. The changing of Hiccup characters is caused by the change in social pressure.

The fourth study is “The Daughter’s Personality Development Influenced by

The Mother’s Self-Esteem as Seen in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women” (2017) by

Erene from English Language Education Study Program. The thesis has three problem formulations, first is about how mother’s behaviors reveal her self-esteem.

Second is about how the daughter’s behaviors reveal their personality traits, and last is about how the mother’s self-esteem influences the daughter’s personality development. She concludes that the development can be seen from personality trait that is reflected through emotional determinant, social determinant, and family determinant.

The fifth study is “The Contribution of Ruth Baron and P.J. Waters’

Interaction to Their Character Development as Seen in Anna Campion and Jane

Campion’s Holly Smoke” (2013) by Danastri from English Letter Study Program.

The thesis has three problem formulations, the first is about characteristics of Ruth

Barin and P.J. Waters. The second is about their character development, and last is about how their interaction contributes to their character development.

The writer’s thesis is similar to these related studies above which discusses about the character development. The difference between the related studies lies in the book that the writer used, The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again that has not been discussed yet.

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B. Review of Related Theories

In order to elaborate the problems as mentioned in the problem formulation, the following theories are used to identify these problem formulations. Therefore, the first question will use the theory of character and characterization, which is expected to construct the understanding of Bilbo Baggins’ characteristics in the story, whereas the second question will mostly uses the theory of personality development to break down all the possibility of Bilbo’s actions as a result of his character development.

1. Theory of Characters and Characterization

Characters are the persons represented in dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by interferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it – the dialogue – and from what they do – the action (Abrams, 1999:32). Characters in the story are important in a novel, without it, the readers will get confused on understanding the story. The contribution of the character is to understand the flow of the story and what the content of the story. E.M. Forster

(1927: 161-173) divides the characters into two types, flat and round characters.

The flat characters which are also called a type are built from a single idea or quality.

They are represented without individualizing detail and it can be described in a single phrase or sentence. Meanwhile, the round characters are complex and fully- developed figures in the story which show a true depth of personality.

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Chris Baldick states that:

Characterization is the presentation of persons in narrative and dramatic words, include direct and indirect methods which in direct method showing the contribution of qualities description or commentary and in indirect method invite the readers to make a conclusion from character’s actions, speech, or appearance (Baldick, 2001:37). Hence the characterization helps the readers to understand the whole story.

M.H. Abrams state that:

The character and characterization helps to build the story as in its plot which described by the narrator or the author, and it can help the reader to understand more about the characters and their personalities. There are distinction in characterizing the person in a narrative, such as showing and telling which the author presents the way of talking and acting of the character, may also show the character’s inner thoughts, feelings, and responsive to the event in order to evaluate qualities of the characters (Abrams, 1999: 33). According to M.J. Murphy Ph.D (1972: 161-173), to know about the characters and the personalities of the people that the author writes are based on people in real life. However, the people in real life cannot do what the writer can do, that is to know about people’s thought. The writer commonly uses the “eye of god” method, a method in which the narrator is neither one of the characters nor the author. The writer would be the first person in the narration, which involves the consciousness of the character’s thoughts on their book. There are several ways in which the author attempts to make their characters understandable and alive for the readers. a. Personal description

The author describes the character’s appearance and gives details about it.

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b. Character as seen by another

The author describes the character through the eyes and opinions of the other characters instead of describing it directly. c. Speech

The author gives the reader an insight into the character of one person in the book through what the characters say, the conversation with other characters, or even the character’s opinion. d. Past life

The author lets the reader to learn on something from the characters’ past life so they can know about the characters’ personality. e. Conversation of others

The author gives the clue to the readers through the conversation of other characters and things they say. f. Reactions

The author gives a clue to a person’s character by letting the reader to know how that characters’ responses or reacts to various situation and event. g. Direct comment

The author directly describes or gives a comment on a person’s character.

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h. Thoughts

This is the part when people cannot read others’ mind but the author can give the readers direct knowledge of what the characters think about. i. Mannerisms

The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about their character.

According to Rimmon-Kenan (1983: 59-60) in Narrative Fiction:

Contemporary Poetics, there are two basic types of textual indicators of character.

Those are direct definition and indirect presentation. a. Direct definition

The direct definition mentions the trait by an adjective, an abstract noun, or some other kind of noun, and or part of speech. b. Indirect presentation

Indirect presentation displays and exemplifies in various ways, leave the reader inferring the quality they imply.

i. Action

The trait implies both one time action and habitual. ii. Speech

The character’s speech, whether in conversation or silent activity in mind, is also the social aspect of the character that can reveal the style of the character. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

iii. External appearance

The external description speaks for itself. It is used to imply the character traits and sometimes its relation to the trait is explicated by the narrator.

iv. Environment

The character’s physical surrounding.

In other words, as in the character and characterization, the author uses direct narration illustrating by the action, presenting characters by their action and giving explicit comment less or not at all, and representing within characters inner self or thought without the author’s comment.

2. Theory of Character’s Development

Character development changes the character’s personality, behavior, and mind. Perrine (1974: 71) divides the character into two classifications, static and dynamic characters. a. Static Character

Static character does not undergo a change and it has the same characteristics from the beginning until the end of the story. b. Dynamic Character

Dynamic character or also called as a developing character will change in certain conditions and it can be developed into some possibilities, such as personality or outlook. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

According to E.M Forster (1927: 46), character development is the changing of the character from the beginning until the end of the story only if they are experiencing a change in themselves, from personality, disposition, or outlook, and will change into a better character but depend on the situation in the story.

Personality versus character states by Hurlock (1974: 8) is that character implies a moral standard and involves a judgment of value. When it is used as connection with personality, character relates to behavior that is regulated by personal effort and will.

Hurlock (1974: 120-122) divides the development of characters into three categories. a. Better versus Worse

Personality changes for the better or for worse reflect the kind of life adjustments that the individual makes at the time. b. Quantitative versus Qualitative

In the quantitative changes, the characteristics already present reinforced, strengthened, or weakened. Hence in the qualitative changes, the characters present a complete replacement of a desirable trait by undesirable one or vice versa. c. Slow versus Rapid Changes

Changes are regarded as slow if they are barely perceptible and gradual.

While in rapid changes are persistent.

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C. Theoretical Framework

The character and characterization theories are used in this undergraduate thesis in order to help the writer identifies the characteristics of Bilbo Baggins. As

Abrams (1999: 32-33) states that character and characterization help to build the story as in plots which later will help the reader to understand more about the characters and their personalities through the way of the characters’ talking, inner thought, feeling, and response to the event.

Later on, the theory of character and characterization contributes to the theory of character development, which defines that the character is developing. Bilbo

Baggins’ qualities, which were preferable as an ordinary hobbit, changed from the beginning of the story before he joined the adventure until he joined the adventure with the dwarfs and after the events. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again is a fiction book that was first published by George Allen and Unwin in London, 1937. Then, the second edition was published in 1957, third edition was in 1966, and it was reprinted in many times.

The author, John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892 in

Bloemfontein South Africa. The Hobbit was a bestseller book as a story tale for the children but even the adults read it and like the story. Then J.R.R. Tolkien began to write again and produce the sequel of The Hobbit, turned into The Lord of the Rings, which was eventually published in 1954-1955. The trilogy became one of the bestselling book stories and launched a worldwide for the following years. In 2012, he released The Hobbit’s movie An Unexpected Journey, then The Desolation of

Smaug was in 2013, and final stage movie of The Hobbit was The Battle of The

Five Armies released in 2014. The movie of The Hobbit had been nominated for 69 awards and it won 9 nominations since the first released. The second movie had 81 nominated and won 13 nominations. The last movie had 45 nominated and won 4 nominations.

J.R.R. Tolkien made the story coincidentally in summer night in 1928, when he was grading a mountain of school certificate exam papers, he found himself staring at an exam booklet and daydreaming (Bloom, 2011: 11). The point of the

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story was about the adventure that Bilbo Baggins had with the dwarfs also Gandalf, where he was chosen as the burglar to thief the Arkenstone from Smaug in the

Lonely Mountain. Bilbo Baggins was known as a respectable hobbit who never had an adventure. One day, the wizard Gandalf and thirteenth dwarfs came to his house, there Gandalf chose him as the burglar to help the dwarfs steal the Arkenstone from the dragon Smaug in the Lonely Mountain. In spite of he reluctantly joined the adventure, he still joined the quest with the dwarfs and Gandalf. There were many obstacles that influence Bilbo’s characters changing from the beginning until the end of the story. At last he gained strength on his own that he had never known before and his characters changed from plain hobbit to a hero during the adventure.

B. Approach of the Study

The approach applied in this study is New Criticism. T.S Eliot states in A

Critical Approaches to Literature (Guerin, 2005: 100-101) that New Criticism focuses on objectivity, impersonality, and the medium as the focal object of analysis.

New criticism opposes the prevailing interest of critics and the concern is not the external circumstances or effects but a detailed consideration of the work itself.

“The distinctive procedure of New Criticism is close reading, the detailed analysis of the complex interrelations and ambiguities (multiple meaning) of the verbal and figurative components within a work” (Abrams, 1999: 181). New Criticism also has basic concepts such as theme, formal elements (tension, ambiguity, imagery, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

symbol, metaphor and simile), unity, close reading and textual evidence (Tyson,

2006: 135-149).

In additional, Bennet (2004: 11) states that New Criticism usually takes one of two forms. First is explication, which is explaining the meaning line by line or word by word. Second is analysis, which is examining the relation of part. As

Holman (1985: 295-296) states that there are three fundamental methods of characterization, first is the explicit presentation by the author through direct narration which is illustrated by the action. Second is the author presents the characters by their actions and less or without the author’s comment. Third is indirect method (looking through the character’s action, other’s opinion and dialog).

According to these statements, New Criticism focuses on the text and we should pay attention to its form elements, point of view also the speaker’s voice.

The use of new criticism is to help the reader interpret the text with the evidence through the textual evidence.

C. Method of the Study

In order to reach the objectives of the study, the writer used both library and internet research to collect the needed theories. The primary source was J.R.R.

Tolkien’s book The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again. Second source was collecting articles that discuss about Hobbit since the work has not been discussed yet as undergraduate thesis. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The first step of analysis was reading the whole book The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again. Second was deciding the problems that the writer wanted to discuss. Third was deciding the theory and approach that would be used in this undergraduate thesis, which later the writer had chosen character and characterization and character development as this undergraduate thesis’ theories, and new criticism as its approach. After that, the writer collected some references and articles about the theory, approach and also about the character, Bilbo, both e- book and printed book. Fifth was collecting the others thesis that related to the writer’s undergraduate thesis. Sixth, in order to found the detail about Bilbo’s character and characterization also his development, the writer collected some evidences through reading the Hobbit’s book. Seventh was writing the whole results of problem formulation one and two. Last was composing the conclusion from analysis. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chapter is the main point of this work, where the writer analyses the problem formulation above. The chapter consists of two main parts, which in the first part of analysis is about Bilbo’s characteristics. The second part of analysis is about Bilbo’s character development changing from zero to hero.

A. The Characteristics of Bilbo Baggins

As Murphy (1972: 161) states of personal description, the author describes who hobbit is and how his appearances in general. It later helps the writer to describe Bilbo’s characteristics.

They are (or were) a little people, about half our height, and smaller than the bearded Dwarfs. Hobbits have no beards. There is little or no magic about them, except the ordinary everyday sort which helps them to disappear quietly and quickly when large stupid folk like you and me come blundering around, making a noise like elephants which they can hear a mile off. They are inclined to be fat in the stomach; they dress in bright colours (chiefly green and yellow); wear no shoes, because their feet grow natural leathery soles and thick warm brown hair like the stuff on their heads (which is curly); have long clever brown fingers, good-natured faces, and laugh deep fruity laughs (especially after dinner, which they have twice a day when they can get it). (Tolkien, 2012: 4). In the story, it tells that the Baggins are popular and respectable among the neighborhood in The Hill because of their wealth and have zero experience of adventure.

The hobbit was a very well-to-do hobbit, and his name was Baggins. The Bagginses had lived in the neighborhood of The Hill for time out of mind,

19 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

and people considered them very respectable, not only because most of them were rich, but also because they never had any adventures or did anything unexpected (Tolkien, 2012: 3). The interesting thing about Bilbo is the author tells that Bilbo is born not only as the Baggins clan, but also the Took clan, which is known as an adventurer.

“There was still something not entirely hobbit like about them, and once in a while members of the Took-clan would go and have adventures” (Tolkien, 2012: 4). Thus,

Bilbo would not only have the characteristics of the Baggins (ordinary hobbit) but also the Took (adventurous hobbit), which later influences his character development during the adventure. Therefore, in this chapter shows Bilbo Baggins’ characteristics before he joins the adventure and when he begins to join the adventure.

1. Naive

At the beginning of the story, Bilbo meets Gandalf in front of his hobbit hole while he is standing at his door, but he does not recognize him at first. There

Gandalf says “I am looking for someone to share in an adventure that I am arranging, and it’s very difficult to find anyone” (Tolkien, 2012: 6). Then Bilbo answers, “We are plain quiet folk and have no use for adventures. Nasty disturbing uncomfortable things! Make you late for dinner! I can’t think what anybody sees in them” (Tolkien,

2012: 6).

According to M.J. Murphy (1972: 164), speech is given by the author to the reader about the insight of the character through what the characters’ say, also by their conversation or even opinion. Bilbo’s statement on “we are plain quiet folk and have no use for adventures” supports Murphy’s theory, where the author shows PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

us about Bilbo stereotyping himself. There he tries to avoid Gandalf’s offer and claims himself as a plain hobbit.

Bilbo tries to avoid Gandalf, even after he knows who Gandalf is. He gives himself an excuse to refuse Gandalf’s offer yet he offers him to have a tea at his house.

“What on earth did I ask him to tea for!” he said to himself, as he went to the pantry. He had only just had breakfast, but he thought a cake or two and a drink of something would do him good after his fright (Tolkien, 2012: 8). The word of fright as in the citation above does not literally show that he is frightened but more like he is being flustered because of Gandalf’s reputation;

“Gandalf, Gandalf! Good gracious me! Not the fellow used to tell such wonderful tales at parties, about dragons and goblins and giants and the rescue of princesses and the unexpected luck of widows’ sons?” (Tolkien, 2012: 7). Bilbo does not want to have a business with Gandalf because it would lead him to do a dangerous thing, “just about the time when Bilbo is finishing his second cake and beginning to think that he had escaped adventures very well” (Tolkien,

2012: 8). He is naive because of his judgment toward Gandalf’s reputation. He does not want his comfortable life spoiled by him.

The next day, he expects Gandalf to come and he is able to have a tea with him. However, Bilbo does not know that Gandalf wrote a sign at his door for the dwarfs, which is the sign of Bilbo as the chosen one to have an adventure with them as the burglar. Thus, the unexpected thirteenth dwarfs, Dwalin, Balin, Kili, Fili,

Dori, Nori, Oin, Ori, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, Bombur, and Thorin come to his house altogether. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

In the corner, while the four dwarves sat round the table, and talked about mines and gold and troubles with the goblins, and the depredations of dragons, and lots of other things which he did not understand, and did not want to, for they sounded much too adventurous (Tolkien, 2012: 10). Bilbo shows his lack of interest towards their story, it is certainly because he has never experienced those.

There the dwarfs sing about the journey to the Misty Mountain. As Bilbo listens to their song, Bilbo looks out the window and starts to imagine about the journey. “And very quickly he was plain Mr. Baggins of Bag-End, Under-Hill, again (Tolkien, 2012: 16). “Very quickly he was plain Mr. Baggins” is a clear evidence which supports Murphy’s theory of direct comment (1972: 170), where the author directly describes or gives comment about Bilbo is naive.

2. Stubborn

Bilbo shows his quality as a stubborn hobbit before he joins the adventure, which is seen in chapter one, An Unexpected Party. His stubbornness is seen when

Gloin talks about a sign on his door and underestimats him that he more looks like a grocer than a burglar.

“In fact, if it had not been for the sign on the door, I should have been sure we had come to the wrong house. As soon as I clapped eyes on the little fellow bobbing and puffing on the mat, I had my doubts. He looks more like a grocer than a burglar!” (Tolkien, 2012: 18). Bilbo’s respond;

“Pardon me,” he said, “if I have overheard words that you were saying. I don’t pretend to understand what you are talking about, or your reference to burglars, but I think I am right in believing” (that is what he called being on his dignity) “that you think I am no good. I will show you. I have no signs on my door—it was painted a week ago—, and I am quite sure you have come to the wrong house (Tolkien, 2012: 19). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The conversation between Bilbo and Gloin supports Murphy’s theory of speech (1972: 164), where it shows Bilbo’s opinion about what Gloin says. “I think

I am right in believing” shows that he is denying the fact that there is a sign at his door though there is a sign on his door made by Gandalf yet he does not know that.

The next evidence that shows Bilbo’s stubbornness is when he insists to know how they would go to the Lonely Mountain, what he would get, and so on.

“Bless me!” said Thorin, “haven’t you got a map? And didn’t you hear our song? And haven’t we been talking about all this for hours?” “All the same, I should like it plain and clear,” said he obstinately, putting on his business manner (usually reserved for people who tried to borrow money off him), and doing his best to appear wise and prudent and professional and live up to Gandalf’s recommendation (Tolkien, 2012: 22). The author directly shows the readers that Bilbo is stubborn, by telling the words “said he obstinately”. It implies that he insists to know anything in details even though Thorin and the other dwarfs have already talked about journey. His stubbornness shows off because he wants to save his dignity.

3. Reluctant

Bilbo finally joins the adventure with the dwarfs and Gandalf yet he often dreams about his comfortable life during his journey to the Misty Mountain.

As Murphy’s theory of thought (1972: 171), the author gives the readers a direct knowledge of Bilbo’s thought. It can be seen in the second chapter: Roast

Mutton when Bilbo is obligated to camp in the Lonely-lands. “Bother burgling and everything to do with it! I wish I was at home in my nice hole by the fire, with the kettle just beginning to sing!” It was not the last time that he wished that!” (Tolkien, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2012: 30). It proves that Bilbo is still thinking that the adventure is uncomfortable thing because he easily gets annoyed by it. “Bother burgling and everything to do with it!” and “I wish I was at home”. These evidences support Murphy’s theory of thought (1972: 171), where the author gives the reader a direct knowledge about what the character is thinking about. Bilbo cannot move on from his daily ordinary life as an ordinary hobbit.

The author shows many evidences of how Bilbo always wants to go back to his hobbit hole and enjoys his ordinary life. It can be seen before Bilbo, the dwarfs and Gandalf arrives in Last Homely House, a house of the elves, whom is Gandalf’s acquaintance.

“O!” said Bilbo, and just at that moment he felt more tired than he ever remembered feeling before. He was thinking once again of his comfortable chair before the fire in his favourite sitting-room in his hobbit hole, and of the kettle singing. Not for the last time! (Tolkien, 2012: 43-44). “He was thinking once again of his comfortable chair” and “not for the last time!” shows Bilbo’s desire on his old life, which also shows the ‘ordinary him’.

Even after they are staying for fourteen days at that place, instead of continuing his journey, he wishes to stay at that place “Bilbo would gladly have stopped there for ever and ever—even supposing a wish would have taken him right back to his hobbit-hole without trouble” (Tolkien, 2012: 48).

Another evidence are found when Bilbo wishes to be at home while he is facing a hard time or struggle. It is seen in chapter four: Over Hilland Under Hill, when he meets the goblins: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The goblins were very rough, and pinched unmercifully, and chuckled and laughed in their horrible stony voices; and Bilbo was more unhappy even than when the troll had picked him up by his toes. He wished again for his nice bright hobbit-hole (Tolkien, 2012: 57). Bilbo clings himself to his particular way of hobbit’s life and regrets his decision to fulfill the quest with the dwarfs and Gandalf. Even after they all can escape from the goblins, Bilbo is still grumbling about the situation and regretting his decision, “Why, O why did I ever leave my hobbit-hole!” (Tolkien, 2012: 63).

Then Bombur reacted to him “Why, O why did I ever bring a wretched little hobbit on a treasure hunt!” (Tolkien, 2012: 63). His reaction towards Bilbo is the result of

Bilbo’s reluctant action.

4. Easily Frightened

Bilbo is an easily frightened hobbit. It is because of he never has any adventure and experiencing a dangerous thing before he joins the adventure with the dwarfs. All of the thirteenth dwarfs and Gandalf come to his house and talk about adventure to the Misty Mountain.

Suddenly in the wood beyond The Water a flame leapt up—probably somebody lighting a wood-fire—and he thought of plundering dragons settling on his quiet Hill and kindling it all to flames. He shuddered; and very quickly he was plain Mr. Baggins of Bag-End, Under-Hill, again (Tolkien, 2012: 16). As Murphy describes about the way in which the author attempts their characters understandable by thought (1972: 171), “he thought of plundering dragons” shows Bilbo’s imagination of the adventure. However, he later feels

“shuddered”. It explains that Bilbo is easily frightened by only imagining about the adventure even before he is experiencing the adventure by himself. His easily PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

frightened characteristic is also seen when he heard that there is a possibility that they might be not back alive.

Poor Bilbo couldn’t bear it any longer. At may never return he began to feel a shriek coming up inside, and very soon it burst out like the whistle of an engine coming out of a tunnel (Tolkien, 2012: 17). “To feel a shriek coming up inside” indicates that he is frightened by the journey. He shows his anxiety of in case he could not come back alive. The other evidence that shows Bilbo’s quality as an easily frightened hobbit is when Gloin, one of the thirteenth dwarfs is mocking him.

“Will he do, do you think? It is all very well for Gandalf to talk about this hobbit being fierce, but one shriek like that in a moment of excitement would be enough to dragon and all his relatives, and kill the lot of us. I think it sounded more like fright than excitement!” (Tolkien, 2012: 18). Gloin’s perspective supports Murphy theory of character seen by others (1972:

162). “I think it sounded more like fright than excitement” shows the dwarf’s first impression of Bilbo.

The other evidence that shows his character as an easily frightened hobbit is seen in the chapter two: Roast Mutton. Bilbo tries to confront the trolls alone yet he got caught by them, and then the dwarfs come to rescue him and fighting begins yet he hid himself to avoid the fight. ““It’s trolls!” said Bilbo from behind a tree”

(Tolkien, 2012: 38). The sentence “behind a tree” indicates that he is frightened and is trying to save himself while his fellow dwarfs, except Thorin, try to save him from the trolls. Even after Thorin comes and fights the trolls, which later they are defeated by the trolls, Bilbo prefers to hide himself in a bush.

But just at the moment William came up behind and popped a sack right over Thorin’s head and down to his toes. And so the fight ended. A nice pickle PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

they were all in now: all neatly tied up in sacks, with three angry trolls (and two with burns and bashes to remember) sitting by them...; and Bilbo up in a bush, with his clothes and his skin torn, not daring to move for fear they should hear him (Tolkien, 2012: 38). Another evidence that shows Bilbo’s characteristic as an easily frightened is seen in chapter five; Riddles in the Dark. There he found a magic ring that could make him invisible. He successfully defeats Gollum with the riddle games. He tries to escape from him by out of the tunnel yet he meets goblins in the doorway with full armour.

A pang of fear and loss, like an echo of Gollum’s misery, smote Bilbo, and forgetting even to draw his sword he struck his hands into his pockets. And there was the ring still, in his left pocket, and it slipped on his finger (Tolkien, 2012: 83). The author describes about how Bilbo’s feeling “a pang of fear and loss”, which shows that he is tremendously frightened and miserable. Even he forgets about the dagger he has brought all the time that could save him from the danger situation.

As the matter of fact, Bilbo has found the magic ring that belongs to Gollum.

The magic ring is accidentally slipped on his finger which made him invisible.

However, Bilbo manages to escape from Gollum yet he meets the goblins outside the gateway. Unluckily, they accidentally see Bilbo’s shadow. Later the author shows the readers about Bilbo’s reaction towards the situation:

Bilbo was dreadfully frightened, but he had the sense to understand what had happened and to sneak behind a big barrel which held drink for the goblin- guards, and so get out of the way and avoid being bumped into, trampled to death, or caught by feel (Tolkien, 2012: 83). The next evidence is seen on chapter seven: Queer Lodging when Bilbo,

Gandalf and the dwarfs are being rescued by the eagle from the wolves. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

“Don’t pinch!” said his eagle. “You need not to be frightened like a rabbit, even if you look rather like one. It is a fair morning with little wind. What is finer than flying?” Bilbo would have liked to say: “A warm bath and breakfast on the lawn afterwards” (Tolkien, 2012: 105). The word “frightened like a rabbit” shows that even the eagle’s thought of

Bilbo is such a frightened hobbit because of he is afraid of high. Thus, the reason why he pinches the eagle because he stays on the ground for the whole time and has never experienced it before.

The next evidence that shows Bilbo’s characteristic as an easily frightened hobbit is seen in his reactions. They are about to meet Beorn and stay at his house after listening to Gandalf’s story about him, who sometimes changed into a huge black bear. “He changes his skin: sometimes he is a huge black bear, sometimes he was a great strong black-haired man with huge arms and a great beard” (Tolkien,

2012: 108). The author gives a direct comment “And with that he went off along the hedge taking the frightened hobbit with him” (Tolkien, 2012: 110). Afterward, when they are all finally stay at Beorn’s house, Bilbo hears a growling sound outside and starts to imagine what it is.

Bilbo wondered what it was, and whether it could be Beorn in enchanted shape, and if he would come in as a bear and kill all them. He dived under the blankets and hid his head, and fell asleep again at last in spite of his fears (Tolkien, 2012: 120). The author directly shows the situation about how is Bilbo’s feeling. “He dived under the blanket and hid his head” indicates that he does not want his wild thought comes true. And the words “fell asleep again” and “in spite of his fear” PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

show that Bilbo wants to stop imagining about growling sound because it only makes him has negative thinking and grows his fear.

5. Clever

Bilbo’s cleverness is seen when Gandalf chose him as a burglar for the journey to the Misty Mountain or known as the Lonely Mountain. There Thorin asks for his idea about how they could manage to come inside the mountain.

“Supposing the burglar-expert gives us some ideas or suggestions” (Tolkien, 2012:

22). Bilbo’s answers, “First, I should like to know a bit more about things” (Tolkien,

2012: 22). “I should like to know“, shows that Bilbo wanted to make sure of things before he decided to be in or not. Even though Bilbo seems stubborn when he insisted to know the terms and conditions of the journey, it exactly shows Bilbo’s ingenuity.

“All the same, I should like it plain and clear,” said he obstinately, putting on his business manner, and doing his best to appear wise and prudent and professional and live up to Gandalf’s recommendation. “Also I should like to know about risks, out-of-pocket expenses, time required and remuneration, and so forth”—by which he meant: “What am I going to get out of it? and am I going to come back alive?” (Tolkien, 2012: 22). Bilbo’s response shows that he carefully thinks about all the risks if he joins the adventure. Even though he is stubborn, he wants to know the detail about the adventure. Thus, he wants all well-prepared so that is why he wants to “doing his best to appear wise and prudent and professional and live up to Gandalf’s recommendation” (Tolkien, 2012: 22).

Bilbo shows his cleverness in the second chapter: Roast Mutton when he has been asked by the dwarfs to see the light that they has seen in the woods and later PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

he finds out that these were a very large fire with the three trolls round it. At that moment, he has to decide whether he goes back to the dwarfs, warning them about trolls who likely to roast them or stole the trolls’ goods.

A legendary burglar would at this point have picked the trolls’ pocket—it is nearly always worthwhile, if you can manage it—, pinched the very mutton off the spits, purloined the beer, and walked off without their noticing him. Others more practical but with less professional pride would perhaps have stuck a dagger into each of them before they observed it. (Tolkien, 2012: 33-34). “Bilbo knew it. He had read of a good many things he had never seen or done. He was very alarmed, as well as disgusted” (Tolkien, 2012: 34). “He knew it” and “he had read of a good many things” support Bilbo’s quality as clever because of his knowledge about trolls, which shows in the first citation above. That is why he has the idea of stealing the trolls’ goods in their pocket.

Bilbo tries to pick up something from the troll’s pocket but unlucky he gets caught later. However, even in the state of frightened, he is looking the way to safe himself and trying to deceive the trolls about his identity ““Bilbo Baggins, a bur— a hobbit,” said poor Bilbo, shaking all over and wondering how to make an owl- noises before they throttled him” (Tolkien, 2012: 34).

When the trolls are trying to eat him while investigating him, he is trying to look the way out safely:

“And please don’t cook me, kind sirs! I am a good cook for myself, and cook better than I cook, if you see what I mean. I’ll cook beautifully for you, a perfectly beautiful breakfast for you, if only you won’t have me supper.” (Tolkien, 2012: 35)

“I’ll cook beautifully for you” and “if only you won’t have me supper” shows

Bilbo’s cleverness to get himself saved from the hungry trolls. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Move to chapter five, Riddles in the Dark, when he lost in a dark tunnel alone, he shows the reader that even if he is frightened he still has the instinct about his surroundings.

Suddenly without any warning he trotted splash into water! Ugh! It was icy cold. That pulled him up sharp and short. He did not know whether it was just a pool in the path, or the edge of an underground stream that crossed the passage, or the brink of a deep dark subterranean lake. He stopped, and he could hear, when he listened hard, drops drip-drip- dripping from an unseen roof into the water below; but there seemed no other sort of sound. “So it is a pool or a lake, and not an underground river,” he thought. (Tolkien, 2012: 67).

From the quotations above, the fact that Bilbo does not know about his surrounding is because the tunnel is dark. However, when he walks into water, he is trying to listen and guessing what kind of the drip of the water is and later he acknowledged what it is. It proves that Bilbo is smart and had a good sense.

Then he meets Gollum, who is curious about who Bilbo is. Gollum wants to know more about Bilbo and his sword, “and until he found out more about the sword and the hobbit, whether he was quite alone really, whether he was good to eat, and whether Gollum was really hungry” (Tolkien, 2012: 69). Because Gollum is curious about Bilbo, he asks Bilbo to play riddles game with him and makes a deal: if Bilbo could answer the riddles, he will do as Bilbo wishes to get out of the tunnel.

However, in return, if Bilbo cannot answer, he would eat him. When Gollum asks his second riddles, Bilbo almost cannot answer as fast as the first time he answered the first riddle. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

“Half a moment!” cried Bilbo, who was still thinking uncomfortably about eating. Fortunately he had once heard something rather this before, and getting his wits back thought of the answer (Tolkien, 2012: 70). “He had once heard something rather this before” explains that Bilbo has a lot of knowledge, therefore he can answer the riddles easily. As Murphy describes about thought (1972: 171), the author lets the readers know what Bilbo thinks about.

As Bilbo thought “this’ll puzzle the nasty little underground creature” (Tolkien,

2012: 70) shows that Bilbo ingenuity of understanding his surrounding and knowing his opponent’s weakness. He comes up with a riddle that he thinks that

Gollum may not answer it “Bilbo was beginning to hope that the wretch would not be able to answer” (Tolkien, 2012: 71).

Gollum is now impatient and more unpleasant because Bilbo can answer his past two riddles. Thus, he makes a bit more difficult riddles to Bilbo yet he could answer it.

Unfortunately for Gollum Bilbo had heard that sort of thing before; and the answer was all round him any way. “Dark!” he said without even scratching his head or putting on his thinking cap (Tolkien, 2012: 71). “He said without even scratching his head” indicates that the riddle is a piece of cake for him to answer yet Gollum thought that this one is a kind of difficult riddle. Bilbo shows his ingenuity when he gives Gollum the riddle with unusual word to make Gollum confused so later he could give the difficult one.

He asked to gain time, until he could think of a really hard one. This he thought a dreadfully easy chestnut, though he had not asked it in the usual words. But it proved a nasty poser for Gollum. He hissed to himself, and still he did not answer; he whispered and spluttered (Tolkien, 2012: 72). This proves that Bilbo knows how to take advantage of his opponent’s confusion to think another riddles. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Bilbo starts to getting stuck with the riddles game and he cannot think the other riddles until he is talking to himself but misunderstood by Gollum as the riddle.

“What have I got in my pocket?” he said aloud. He was talking to himself, but Gollum thought it was a riddle, and he was frightfully upset. “Not fair! Not fair!” he hissed. Bilbo seeing what had happened and having nothing better to ask stuck to his question (Tolkien, 2012: 74). Clever shows the ability of learning and understanding things quickly, “Bilbo seeing what had happened” shows Bilbo’s cleverness. He understands the situation and takes the advantage of it once again to beat Gollum. Of course Gollum cannot answer it easily, even he gets three chances to answer. Bilbo knows this situation will lead in a bad situation because he cannot trust Gollum. Therefore, he is anticipating all of bad possibilities that might happen next.

He knew, of course, that the riddle-game is sacred and of immense antiquity, and even wicked creatures were afraid to cheat when they played at it. But he felt he could not trust this slimy thing to keep any promise at a pinch. Any excuse would do for him to slide out of it (Tolkien, 2012: 75).

B. The Character Development of Bilbo Baggins from Zero to Hero

“The hero is a man of action and it is in action that he expresses his nature— skill, courage, dominance and determination” (Hourihan, 2005: 95). Bilbo Baggins is not a hero at the beginning of the story. He is just a plain folk, lives in comfortable life, and never has any adventure before he meets Gandalf and the dwarfs. However, in the end of the story, he becomes a different hobbit. It proves since Tolkien has mentioned it several times. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

This is a story of how a Baggins had an adventure, and found himself doing and saying things altogether unexpected. He may have lost the neighbours’ respect, but he gained—well, you will see whether he gained anything in the end (Tolkien, 2012: 4). The introduction that Tolkien give is such a big hint for the reader that Bilbo will definitely change afterward. As E.M Forster describes about character development, the changing of the character from beginning until the end of the story only if they are experiencing a change in themselves (1927:54). Bilbo’s development provides with many conflicts that appears during his adventure with the Dwarfs. He gets many experiences or conflicts during his adventure with the dwarfs that later changes him into a hero for his friends. His change is the result of the Took’s blood inside him, who is loved and known as an adventurer. “But certainly there was still something not entirely hobbit like about them, and once in a while members of the Took-clan would go and have adventures” (Tolkien, 2012:

4).

Bilbo shows his desire to go to an adventure with the dwarfs is just a beginning of his developing.

As they sang the hobbit felt the love of beautiful things made by hands and by cunning and by magic moving through him, a fierce and jealous love, the desire of hearts of dwarves. Then something Tookish woke up inside him, and he wished to go and see the great mountains, and hear the pine-trees and the waterfalls, and explore the caves, and wear a sword instead of a walking stick (Tolkien, 2012: 16). Bilbo’s unconsciousness as the Took helps him to encourage himself to go to an adventure that he has never done before.

In the middle of his adventure, when he found the trolls’ treasure, there are a lot of gold coins yet he takes a knife with him. “And Bilbo took a knife in a leather PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

sheath” (Tolkien, 2012: 41). As in the beginning of the story, Bilbo Baggins’ families are famous and are known as respectable and rich. Compares to Bilbo’s first impression before and during the adventure, he prefers to take the knife than the gold coins. It proves that his character is developing by the time he joined the adventure.

The author also strengthens the fact of Bilbo’s character development (as narrator) during the adventure when Bilbo is left behind in a dark tunnel alone “till suddenly his hands met what felt like a tiny ring of cold metal lying on the floor of the tunnel. It was a turning point in his career, but he did not know it” (Tolkien,

2012: 65).

Hence the writer will discuss Bilbo’s development from being an ordinary hobbit to become a hero for the dwarfs.

1. From an Easily Frightened to be a Brave Hobbit

Bilbo is a plain and easily frightened hobbit. However, during his journey to the Lonely Mountain with the dwarfs, he became brave. His bravery is seen for the first time when he could overcome himself to follow the journey with the dwarfs after reading the letter the dwarfs left on his mantelpiece.

To the end of his days Bilbo could never remember how he found himself outside, without a hat, a walking-stick or any money, or anything he usually took when he went out; and running as fast as his furry feet could carry him down the lane, past the great Mill, across The Water, and then on for a mile or more (Tolkien, 2012: 28-29). Now the adventure for Bilbo has begun. While they are staying in the Lonely- lands, the dwarfs give the first task to Bilbo as the burglar to go check the light that PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

they have seen there. Later he finds out that there are three trolls sitting round in a large fire of beech-log. Instead of warns the dwarfs about them, he decides to steal the troll’s goods from their pocket “Bert and Tom went off to the barrel. William was having another drink. Then Bilbo plucked up courage and put his little hand in

William’s enormous pocket” (Tolkien, 2012: 34), yet he get caught by them. His action supports M.J. Murphy’s theory of reaction (1972: 168), where Bilbo’s response or react about the situation, in which he has to decide whether he wants back to the dwarfs or steals the trolls’ goods. By the words “plucked up courage” mean that Bilbo is success overcoming his fear and broke the stereotype as a plain hobbit even though in the end, the trolls caught him.

Another evidence that shows Bilbo’s character development is when he gets caught by the trolls and confronted the danger. When the dwarfs tried to save him, instead of running from the battle between the trolls and the dwarfs, he bravely confronts the trolls and helps his companions. “Bilbo did his best. He caught hold of Tom’s leg—as well as he could” (Tolkien, 2012: 38). “Caught hold of Tom’s leg—as well as he could” shows Bilbo’s courageousness.

Move to chapter five, Riddles in the Dark, Bilbo lost in a dark tunnel after escaping from the Goblins. “No one was anywhere near him. Just imagine his fright!

He could hear nothing, see nothing, and he could feel nothing except the stone of the floor” (Tolkien, 2012: 65). There he found a magic ring that can make people who wear it cannot be seen yet he does not know that. After being quiet for a while, he chooses to move on to where he is. “So up he got, and trotted along with his little sword held in front of him and one hand feeling the wall, and his heart all of a patter PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

and a pitter” (Tolkien, 2012: 66). Bilbo oppressed his fear for being alone, as the words “trotted” and “his heart all of a patter and a pitter”, he chooses to find a way to get out of the tunnel. He protects himself with a little sword, which the sword itself is a symbol of courage and power, which also means that he is anticipating what will happen next.

Bilbo shows his development while facing Gollum alone in the dark tunnel.

Compares to his reaction before, when he can rely on the dwarfs, he prefers to escape from fighting and hiding as well. However, he bravely confronts Gollum even though he does not know the motive of Gollum’s presence.

The hobbit jumped nearly out of his skin when the hiss came in his ears, and he suddenly saw the pale eyes sticking out at him. “Who are you?” he said, thrusting his dagger in front of him. (Tolkien, 2012: 69)

By the words “thrusting his dagger in front of him”, it indicates that Bilbo is trying to show his power towards his opponent. He is trying to show that he is ready to fight Gollum. It continues when Gollum asks him to play riddle games. He agrees to play with him even though he does not know his motive.

“Very well,” said Bilbo, who was anxious to agree, until he found out more about the creature, whether he was quite alone, whether he was fierce or hungry, and whether he was a friend of the goblins (Tolkien, 2012: 69). Bilbo shows his development on his decision, even though he is “anxious to agree” yet he wants to know who his opponent is. It also shows us that Bilbo gains his strength.

Move to chapter eight; Flies and Spider, Bilbo shows his bravery by beating the great spider with his hand while it tries to tying him up when he is being sleepy. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Soon he would not have been able to move at all. As it was, he had a desperate fight before he got free. He beat the creature off with his hands—it was trying to poison him to keep quiet, as small spiders do to flies—until he remembered his sword and drew it out. Then the spider jumped back, and he had time to cut his legs loose. After that it was his turn to attack (Tolkien, 2012: 143). The quotation above shows that the situation triggers Bilbo to fight back, instead of crying for help. He is beating the great spider shows that he is developing from easily frightened to be a brave hobbit.

The author also directly tells the readers about Bilbo’s feeling being fierce and bolder after killing the giant spider.

Somehow the killing of the giant spider, all alone by himself in the dark without help of the wizard or the dwarves or of anyone else, made a great difference to Mr. Baggins. He felt a different person, and much fiercer and bolder in spite of an empty stomach, as he wiped his sword on the grass and put it back into its sheath (Tolkien, 2012: 144). The sentences “he felt a different person, and much fiercer and bolder” shows that he is consciously acknowledge the changing on himself. “As he wiped his sword on the grass and put it back into its sheath” symbolizes his courageousness and pride.

However, after he killed the giant spider, who he called it Sting, he got scared of the giant spiders in the branches above him.

Suddenly he saw, too, that there were spiders huge and horrible sitting in the branches above him, and ring or no ring he trembled with fear lest they should discover him. Standing behind a tree he watched a group of them for some time. Bilbo was horrified, now that he noticed them for the first time dangling in the shadows, to see a dwarvish foot sticking out of the bottom of some of the bundles (Tolkien, 2012: 145). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

From the citation above, we can see that Bilbo is very frightened about the presence of the giant spiders even if he used the magic ring that made him invisible.

By the words “trembled with fear lest they should discover him”, “standing behind a tree”, and “Bilbo was horrified” proves that Bilbo is scared. However, he convinces himself to confront the spiders.

Standing now in the middle of the hunting and spinning insects Bilbo plucked up his courage and began to a new song (Tolkien, 2012: 147). Out came his little sword. He slashed the threads to pieces and went off singing. The spiders saw the sword, though I don’t suppose they knew what it was, and at once the whole lot of them came hurrying after the hobbit along the ground and the branches, hairy legs waving, nippers and spinners snapping, eyes popping, full of froth and rage. They followed him into the forest until Bilbo has gone as far as he dared (Tolkien, 2012: 148). The words “plucked up his courage”, “out came his little sword”, and “slashed the threads” show that Bilbo is changing from an easily frightened to be a brave hobbit, which he bravely provoked the spiders to save his friends. “Bilbo has gone as far as he dared” shows his limit yet also shows his bravery.

Moves to chapter twelve; Inside Information, Bilbo shows his other side of him. As Murphy states of past life (1972: 166), which the author lets the reader learn something from the character’s past life, Bilbo feels that he is totally different hobbit that he used to be.

He was trembling with fear, but his little face was set and grim. Already he was a very different hobbit from one that had run out without a pocket- handkerchief from Bag-End long ago. He had not had a pocket-handkerchief for ages. He loosened his dagger in its sheath, tightened his belt, and went on (Tolkien, 2012: 196 - 197). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The sentence “he was trembling with fear, but his little face was set and grim” indicates that even though Bilbo is frightened, yet he consciously accepts the situation. His fright indicates that he is ready to confront the risk. The sentences

“already he was a very different hobbit from one that had run out without a pocket- handkerchief from Bag-End long ago” and “he loosened his dagger in its sheath, tightened his belt, and went on” show Bilbo’s development from the old hobbit who is naive and comfortable with his hobbit life to the new Bilbo Baggins, which is consider as bravery. “He had not had a pocket-handkerchief for ages” and “he loosened his dagger in its sheath, tightened his belt” shows Bilbo’s development before and after he joins the adventure.

The next evidence that proves Bilbo’s bravery is when he finally confronted

Smaug the dragon.

Bilbo was now beginning to feel really uncomfortable. Whenever Smaug’s roving eye, seeking for him in the shadows, flashed across him, he trembled, and an unaccountable desire seized hold of him to rush out and reveal himself and tell the truth to Smaug. In fact he was in grievous danger of coming under the dragon-spell. But plucking his courage he spoke again (Tolkien, 2012: 206). From the citation above, it tells that Bilbo is in “grievous danger” yet he manages it because his character developed from time to time so far. We can see the difference of him when he is at his hobbit hole imagining the dragon, as it is seen in the citation bellow.

Now Bilbo confronts the real dragon yet he is “plucking his courage he spoke again” (Tolkien, 2012: 206). It proves that Bilbo changes from an easily frightened to be a brave hobbit.

2. From a Naive to be a Useful Hobbit

As the story goes, Bilbo’s changing from a naive and reluctant hobbit to be a useful hobbit if we compares to how the dwarfs opinion about Bilbo was more trouble than use so far. However, Bilbo changes the dwarfs’ opinion of him since he found the magic ring. As in the chapter eight, Flies and Spiders, Bilbo provesn himself and the dwarfs that he could be useful for the dwarfs. In the book says, “he had taken off his ring when he rescued Fili and forgotten to put it on again” (Tolkien,

2012: 149). By showing himself in front of Fili, one of the thirteenth dwarfs, it shows that Bilbo wants the dwarfs know that he can be useful for them though later he unintentionally forgets to wear his magic ring.

As Murphy states that character can be seen through conversation of others

(1972: 162), Thorin agrees that Bilbo is useful for them so far. Thus he wants the contribution of Bilbo as the burglar to prove them that their opinion are not wrong.

“Now is the time for our esteemed Mr. Baggins, who has proved himself a good companion on our long road, and a hobbit full of courage and resource far exceeding his size, and if I may say so possessed of good luck far exceeding the usual allowance—now is the time for him to perform the service for which he was included in our Company; now is the time for him to earn his Reward” (Tolkien, 2012: 195). Bilbo proves his usefulness towards the dwarfs. He goes to the under mountain as the dwarfs’ spy. There he meets Smaug the dragon, which at first it intentionally let Bilbo to observe the situation. He goes back to the dwarfs after that. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

And his chief thought was: “I’ve done it! This will show them. ‘More like a grocer than a burglar’ indeed! Well, we’ll hear no more of that”. Bilbo lay with his eyes shut, gasping and taking pleasure in the feel of the fresh air again, and hardly noticing the excitement of the dwarves, or how they praised him and patted him on the back and put themselves and all their families for generations to come at his service. (Tolkien, 2012: 199). The first passage above tells that Bilbo is satisfy and successfully fulfill his desire with his contribution towards the dwarfs. The sentence “how they praised him and patted him on the back and put themselves and all their families for generations to come at his service” shows the dwarfs’ satisfaction towards Bilbo’s work. They felt grateful to hire Bilbo as their burglar. At the second passage above shows that Bilbo is proud of himself. His sarcasm “more like a grocer than a burglar indeed” shows his pride and it breaks the dwarfs’ opinion that he is a useless burglar.

3. The Development of Bilbo Baggins’ Ability in Leadership

Bilbo’s development get influences by his action during the journey. The adventure changed him and later he became the leader for the dwarfs since they had admitted that Bilbo could be the one whom they can lean on. Even though Thorin was the leader for the dwarfs, but Bilbo often led them and became the decision maker for all of them. Later he gained trust by his company, the dwarfs.

It is a fact that Bilbo’s reputation went up a very great deal with the dwarves after this. If they had still doubted that he was really a first-class burglar, in spite of Gandalf’s words, they doubted no longer (Tolkien, 2012: 87). Getting trust from the followers is important for the leader. A leader cannot lead a group of people if they doubt their leadership capability.

“I am going to disappear,” he said. “I shall draw the spiders off, if I can; and you must keep together and make in the opposite direction. To the left there, that is more or less the way towards the place where we last saw the elf-fires.” PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

It was difficult to get them to understand, what with their dizzy heads, and the shouts, and the whacking of sticks and the throwing of stones; but at least Bilbo felt he could delay no longer—the spider were drawing their circle ever closer. Then Balin, who had grasped Bilbo’s plan better than the rest, led an attack (Tolkien, 2012: 151). The citation above shows that Bilbo had capability to lead. His capability to lead could be seen through his instinct to make a plan at the danger situation.

From which you can see that they had changed their opinion of Mr. Baggins very much, and had begun to have a great respect for him (as Gandalf had said they would). Indeed they really expected him to think of some wonderful plan for helping them, and were not merely grumbling (Tolkien, 2012: 152). The citation above shows the dwarfs’ perspective toward Bilbo now was different. It proved that Bilbo success on changing his image as a reluctant hobbit and gained his friends’ respect toward his capability to be a leader.

Afterward, Bilbo and the dwarfs were successfully run away from the giant spiders yet became the Elvenking’s prisoners exclude Bilbo. It is happened because he used the magic ring before the elves captured and brought them to the

Elvenking’s palace.

“I am like a burglar that can’t get away, but must go on miserably burgling the same house day after day,” he thought. This is the dreariest and dullest part of all this wretched, tiresome, uncomfortable adventure! I wish I was back in my hobbit-hole by my own warm fireside with the lamp shining!” He often wished, too, that he could get a message for help sent to the wizard, but that of course was quite impossible; and he soon realized that if anything was to be done, it would have to be done by Mr. Baggins, alone and unaided (Tolkien, 2012: 161). The citation above shows that Bilbo was reluctant to confront the obstacle and wished to be at his hobbit-hole. However, he realizes that he cannot escape from that palace alone without his friends. Later he discoveres where the dwarfs’ PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

imprisonment. He goes to the dwarfs’ prisons and one by one he unlocked the prison’s doors that the dwarfs belong to. The citation below is an evidence that

Bilbo is capable to lead the dwarfs. Even though he reluctantly joins the adventure, as seen in the citation above, yet he is aware of his duty to save his friends.

“You just follow me! We must all keep together and not risk getting separated. All of us must escape or none, and this is our last chance. If this is found out, goodness knows where the king will put you next, with chains on your hands and feet too, I expect. Don’t argue, there’s good fellow!” (Tolkien, 2012: 164-165). “You just follow me!” shows that Bilbo starts to empower the dwarf, which is also show his leadership’s ability.

Afterward, Bilbo begins his desperate plan to get the dwarfs out from the

Elvenking’s palace yet they disagree about the plan.

“Very well!” said Bilbo very downcast, and also rather annoyed. “Come along back to your nice cells, and I will lock you all in again, and you can sit there comfortably and think of a better plan—but I don’t suppose I shall ever get hold of the keys again, even if I feel inclined to try.” That was too much for them, and they calmed down. In the end, of course, they had to do just what Bilbo suggested, because it was obviously impossible for them to try and find their way into the upper halls, or to fight their way out of gates that closed by magic; and it was no good grumbling in the passage until they were caught again. So following the hobbit, down into the lowest cellars they crept (Tolkien, 2012: 165 - 166). The first passage of two passages above shows the way on how Bilbo convinces the dwarfs to agree his instruction. He gives the dwarfs an option which absolutely will disadvantage them if they do not follow his plan. As a result, the dwarfs finally follow his plan calmly. These prove Bilbo’s capability as a leader, where the dwarfs trusted him to lead them. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

As the result of Bilbo’s capability to empower the dwarfs, Thorin, the leader of the dwarfs, trusts Bilbo to lead their journey.

“And I suppose we ought to thank our stars and Mr. Baggins. I am sure he has a right to expect it, though I wish he could have arranged a more comfortable journey. Still—all very much at your service once more, Mr. Baggins. No doubt we shall feel properly grateful, when we are fed and recovered. In the meanwhile what next?” (Tolkien, 2012: 179). The expression “In the meanwhile what next” proves that the dwarfs trust

Bilbo to lead them. Then Bilbo answers, “I suggest Lake-Town” (Tolkien, 2012:

179) shows that Bilbo knows what he is doing and what he wants to do. It makes him a good leader because he makes the dwarfs respect on his decision.

The next evidence that shows Bilbo’s ability is when he makes Thorin and the other dwarfs follow his plan.

Now strange to say Mr. Baggins had more than the others. He would often borrow Thorin’s map and gaze at it, pondering over the runes and the message of the moon-letters Elrond had read. It was he that made the dwarves begin the dangerous search on the western slopes for the secret door (Tolkien, 2012: 189). From the citation above, “now strange to say Mr. Baggins had more than the others” and “he would often borrow Thorin’s map and gaze at it” shows Bilbo’s concern and capability to lead the journey. If we compare to the first intention of

Gandalf hiring Bilbo as the burglar, which the dwarfs doubted him, now the dwarfs are confident of Bilbo’s capability to lead through his resourcefulness during the journey. Thorin trusts Bilbo to lead the journey and let him borrow the map to make a decision for them. It is also happened to other dwarfs, they followed Bilbo’s command as if he was their leader though the fact that Thorin is the leader of the dwarfs. However, Bilbo proves them his capability as a leader. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Move to the chapter twelve; Inside Information, it tells how Bilbo proved his capability as a leader. It is happened because Thorin often asks him on what they are supposed to do.

“What then do you propose we should do, Mr. Baggins?” asked Thorin politely (Tolkien, 2012: 202). “What are we to do now, to-day?” (Tolkien, 2012: 203). Then Bilbo answers; “Well, if you really want my advice, I should say we can do nothing but stay where we are. By day we can no doubt creep out safely enough to take the air”. “Now I will make you an offer. I have got my ring and will creep down this very noon—then if ever Smaug ought to be napping—and see what he is up to” (Tolkien, 2012: 203). Now that the situation is different, Bilbo changes the role of him from being a burglar to a leader. He uses his cleverness to think of a plan. It surely proves that

Bilbo is a good leader because the dwarfs listen to what he says, as in the citation below.

Naturally the dwarves accepted the offer eagerly. Already they had come to respect little Bilbo. Now he had become the real leader in their adventure. He had begun to have ideas and plans of his own (Tolkien, 2012: 203). The author directly says that Bilbo becomes “the real leader in their adventure”. It shows that Bilbo developed his instinct to rules the adventure.

4. The Development of Bilbo Baggins From Zero to Hero

Hourihan (2005: 27) states that there are sequence of events that implicit in the nature of the hero, the will, ambition, activism, rationality and view of the world.

“The hero is a man of action and it is in action that he expresses his nature—skill, courage, dominance and determination” (Hourihan, 2005: 95). Bilbo is not typical PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

of a hero that we are familiar with. However, Bilbo is undoubtedly a hero for several reasons, first is he has fulfilled the quest, second is he acquired a weapon and last he made some heroic decisions. Bilbo shows his quality as a hero when he fulfilled the quest to join the dwarfs to recapture the dwarfs’ treasures that was stolen by the dragon Smaug in the Lonely Mountain.

It begins with a little sword he got from the trolls’ cave. He used the sword for self-defense while he is being lost alone after escaping from the goblins in the dark tunnel. where he met Gollum. ““Who are you?” he said, thrusting his dagger in front of him” (Tolkien, 2012: 68). Compare to his action beforehand, he did not have the courage to use his sword correctly, he was only keeping it without using it.

“But in slapping all his pockets and feeling all round himself for matches his hand came on the hilt of his little sword—the little dagger that he got from the trolls, and that he had quite forgotten” (Tolkien, 2012: 66). The quotation above shows “he had quite forgotten” which means Bilbo has the sword that he can use it every time he was in danger. For example when the dwarfs and him got caught by the Goblins, yet he does not use it until he “thrusting his dagger in front of him” (Tolkien, 2012: 68), which indicates that he is becoming the hero for himself and using the sword for self-defense.

Even though Bilbo is physically not constructed as a hero-like, he is a hero by his courage, wisdom, and ethics, which seen when he spares Gollum’s life. With the help of the sword and the magic ring (the ring of invisibility), Bilbo spares

Gollum’s life while his wild thought wants to kill him. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

He was desperate. He must get away, out of this horrible darkness, while he had any strength left. He must fight. He must stab the foul thing, put it eyes out, kill it. It meant to kill him. No, not a fair fight. He was invisible now. Gollum had no sword. Gollum had not actually threatened to kill him, or tried to yet. And he was miserable, alone, lost. A sudden understanding, a pity mixed with horror, welled up in Bilbo’s heart (Tolkien, 2012: 81). “He must fight”, “not a fair fight” and “a sudden understanding, a pity mixed with horror” shows that Bilbo’s heroism lies in his courage, ethics, and wisdom.

His courageous is seen because he wants to fight Gollum. His ethics of a fair fight with Gollum which means both parties either with or without a weapon and his wisdom for his mercy towards Gollum.

All these thoughts passed in a flash of a second. He trembled. And then quite suddenly in another flash, as if lifted by a new strength and resolve, he leaped (Tolkien, 2012: 81-82). The citation above is the result of Bilbo’s mercy towards Gollum who chooses to escape than kill Gollum.

Move to chapter eight, Flies and Spiders, as Hourihan states that a hero expresses his nature of determination (2005: 27), Bilbo was willing to save his friends and took a risk to rescue them “Bilbo saw that the moment had come when he must do something” (Tolkien, 20012: 146). In other hand, Bilbo was also known as a clever hobbit, thus his cleverness made him took a risk by provokes the spiders to save his friends “the idea came to him to lead the furious spiders further and further away from the dwarves, if he could; to make them curious, excited and angry all at once” (Tolkien, 2012: 146).

Another evidence shows Bilbo is a hero when he sacrifices himself to save

Bombur. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Suddenly Bilbo noticed that some of the spiders had gathered round old Bombur on the floor, and had tied him up again and were dragging him away. He gave a shout and slashed at the spiders in front of him. They quickly gave way, and he scrambled and fell down the tree right into the middle of those on the ground. His little sword was something new in the way of stings for them. How it darted and fro! It shone with delight as he stabbed at them. Half a dozen were killed before the rest drew off and left Bombur to Bilbo (Tolkien, 2012: 150). As in the citation above, Bilbo gave a shout and slash the spiders that was in front of him shows his willingness to save Bombur. He bravely killed the spiders and took all the risks to save Bombur. If we compare to his action beforehand, for example when the dwarfs were fighting with the trolls, he hid himself in a bush and did not dare to make a noise, “Bilbo up in a bush, with his clothes and his skin torn, not daring to move for fear they should hear him” (Tolkien, 2012: 38). However, he gave a shout and killed the spider without hesitation. And again, he was now equipped by the dagger and ready to be in the battle with the dwarfs. “The battle began. Some of the dwarves had knives, and some had sticks, and all of them could get at the stones; and Bilbo had his elvish dagger” (Tolkien, 2012: 150). It proves that Bilbo was changing during his adventure with the dwarfs and showing his quality as a hero.

Bilbo showed his determination and willingness to risk his life when the dwarfs and he were trapped inside of the tunnel that connected the way between the inside of The Lonely Mountain, where the dwarfs’ kingdom used to be, and the outside of the secret passage.

“Come, come!” he said. “‘While there’s life there’s hope!’ as my father used to say, and ‘Third time pays for all.’ I am going down the tunnel once again. I have been that way twice, when I knew there was a dragon at the other end, so I will risk a third visit when I am no longer sure. Anyway the only way out PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

is down. And I think this time you had better all come with me” (Tolkien, 2012: 214 - 215). The sentence “So I will risk a third visit when I am no longer sure” shows

Bilbo’s sincerity to find a way to escape from there even though he was not sure if they could make it or not.

The next evidence that shows Bilbo’s willingness to risk his life was when he tried to provoke Smaug the dragon to deceive him. However, there was no sign of

Smaug’s existence.

At length Mr. Baggins could bear it no longer. “Confound you, Smaug, you worm!” he squeaked aloud. “Stop playing hide-and-seek! Give me a light, and then eat me, if you can catch me!” (Tolkien, 2012: 215). Smaug the dragon already left behind the Lonely Mountain without the dwarfs and Bilbo knowledge it. The dwarfs saw that the situation was safety enough, thus Thorin giave Bilbo the reward as he promised before.

With that he put on Bilbo a small coat of mail, wrought for some young elf- prince long ago. It was of silver-steel, which the elves call mithril, and with it went a belt of pearls and crystals. A light helm of figured leather, strengthened beneath with hoops of steel, and studded about the brim with white gems, was set upon the hobbit’s head (Tolkien, 2012: 219). Bilbo got the mail armor and the helm of figured leather, which made from the steel, from Thorin showed that Bilbo was considered as a real warrior.

The last two evidences show Bilbo’s heroism. First is after event of Smaug the dragon was defeated by Bard, the line of Girion. The Elvenking and the Lake- men were coming to them to get some rewards in exchange for the destruction of the Lake Town because of Smaug the dragon. However, Thorin was blinded by his belongings as the son of Thrain, the King under the Mountain. Bilbo felt that the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

war would be happened if he did not do something. Luckily Bilbo had found the

Arkenstone of Thrain while he was inside of the mountain. He kept it without any of the dwarfs knew about that. As the result, he gave the Arkenstone to the

Elvenking and Bard to prevent the war.

“This is the Arkenstone of Thrain,” said Bilbo, the Heart of the Mountain; and it is also the heart of Thorin. He values it above a river of gold. I give it to you. It will aid you in your bargaining.” Then Bilbo, not without a shudder, not without a glance of longing, handed the marvellous stone to Bard, and he held it in his hand, as though dazed (Tolkien, 2012: 248). The citation above shows Bilbo’s determination. He trusts his instinct that his decision was worth to prevent the war.

“But how is it yours to give?” he asked at last with an effort. “O well!” said the hobbit uncomfortably. “It isn’t exactly; but, well, I am willing to let it stand against all my claim, don’t you know. I may be a burglar—or so they say: personally I never really felt like one—but I am an honest one, I hope, more or less. Anyway I am going back now, and the dwarves can do what they like to me. I hope you will find it useful” (Tolkien, 2012: 248). The way of Bilbo wants to prevent the war made him a true hero. When he said, “I am willing to let it stand against all my claim” shows his sincerity to make a conciliation between both parties. The other evidence is when the war happened because Thorin refused to spare his belongings and it ended with Thorin was being defeated by the Elvenking and the Lake-men armies.

Bilbo knelt on one knee filled with sorrow. “Farewell, King under the Mountain!” he said. “This is a bitter adventure, if it must end so; and not a mountain of gold can amend it.” “There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly West. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world. But sad or merry, I must leave it now. Farewell!” (Tolkien, 2012: 262 - 263). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

The last farewell from Thorin proves that the title of Hero suits Bilbo in any ways. The sentence “some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure” proves that Bilbo is qualified to be called as a hero because of his will, courage, and determination.

Bilbo was only an ordinary hobbit who loved to live in comfort, in the inside of his hobbit hole. He was naive, stubborn, yet clever. He was easily frightened because he had never had any adventure. And while he joined the adventure, he reluctantly joined the adventure. However, the adventure changes him to a new version of Bilbo Baggins who is brave and useful. Not only merely changes his personalities, the adventure gains his ability in leadership and heroism. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

In the book The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, Bilbo Baggins is considered by the neighbourhood as a respectable hobbit. The Baggins’ clans are known for their wealth and never had any adventure. However, his mom’s clans,

The Tooks, are not as respectable as the Baggins because they are known as the adventurer. The hobbits are common with their comfortable life, includes Bilbo.

Bilbo is described as a naive, stubborn, easily frightened, yet such a clever hobbit before he joins the adventure with the dwarfs. At first, when Gandalf offers him to join the adventure, he insists the offer. He thinks that the adventure is such a “nasty disturbing uncomfortable thing” (Tolkien, 2012: 6). He does not want to be a part of the journey at first. However, later he accepts the offer yet reluctantly join it.

As the adventure begins, Bilbo does not show his willingness to join the adventure. Therefore, he often wishes to be at home and regrets his decision.

However, as the time goes, as the obstacle comes, he slowly changes into a better version of himself.

The turning point of Bilbo’s development is when he found the magic ring during his adventure. He changes from an easily frightened to be a brave hobbit.

The changes make him more useful for the dwarfs. It proves that he is able to fulfil the quest. Another that, the adventure makes him to become more active as a leader,

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though he is chosen as the burglar. Not only he gains his ability of leadership, but also gains trust from the dwarfs. Later, the most important of Bilbo’s development is when he is considered as a hero. It is not because he can fight, in other hand, he cannot fight because he is not constructed as a hero. Still, he is considered as a hero because of his bravery, his determination, his wisdom and his willingness towards his friends, the dwarfs. These reasons make Bilbo’s change from zero to hero. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

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