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Fernanda Almeida Machado UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo FERNANDA ALMEIDA MACHADO BIM E INTERNET DAS COISAS PARA O MONITORAMENTO DO CONSUMO DE ENERGIA DA EDIFICAÇÃO CAMPINAS 2018 FERNANDA ALMEIDA MACHADO BIM E INTERNET DAS COISAS PARA O MONITORAMENTO DO CONSUMO DE ENERGIA DA EDIFICAÇÃO Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada a Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Unicamp, para obtenção do título de Mestra em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade, na área de Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade. Orientador(a): Prof(a). Dr(a). Regina Coeli Ruschel ESTE EXEMPLAR CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA FERNANDA ALMEIDA MACHADO E ORIENTADA PELA PROFA. DRA. REGINA COELI RUSCHEL. ASSINATURA DO ORIENTADOR(A) ______________________________________ CAMPINAS 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CAPES, 01-P-01881-2016 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca da Área de Engenharia e Arquitetura Luciana Pietrosanto Milla - CRB 8/8129 Machado, Fernanda Almeida, 1989- M18b MacBIM e Internet das Coisas para o monitoramento do consumo de energia da edificação / Fernanda Almeida Machado. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. MacOrientador: Regina Coeli Ruschel. MacDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Mac1. Modelagem da informação da construção. 2. Internet das coisas. 3. Monitoramento. 4. Energia - Consumo. 5. Manutenção. I. Ruschel, Regina Coeli, 1958-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: BIM and Internet of Things for building energy consumption monitoring Palavras-chave em inglês: Building information modeling Internet of things Performance monitoring Energy - Consumption Maintenance Área de concentração: Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade Titulação: Mestra em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade Banca examinadora: Regina Coeli Ruschel [Orientador] Vanessa Gomes da Silva Sergio Scheer Data de defesa: 27-02-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo BIM E INTERNET DAS COISAS PARA O MONITORAMENTO DO CONSUMO DE ENERGIA DA EDIFICAÇÃO FERNANDA ALMEIDA MACHADO Dissertação de Mestrado aprovada pela Banca Examinadora, constituída por: Prof(a). Dr(a). Regina Coeli Ruschel Presidente e Orientadora/UNICAMP Prof(a). Dr(a). Vanessa Gomes da Silva UNICAMP Prof. Dr. Sergio Scheer UFPR A Ata da Defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. Campinas, 27 de fevereiro de 2018 Aos meus pais, com todo amor. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha estimada orientadora Profa. Regina Ruschel por me guiar com tranquilidade, competência e todo o incentivo nessa caminhada. Regina, obrigada por tudo, especialmente pelos conselhos, conversas e cafés. Você é uma pessoa inspiradora. Com muito carinho aos meus pais Paulo e Mariluce, por serem meus exemplos e meu combustível em todos os desafios e paixões que crio na vida. Queridos, sem vocês nada seria possível. Às irmãs de coração que o Mestrado me deu o desfrute de conhecer, Paula (Xu) e Lorena (Senhora), pelos momentos incríveis de cumplicidade e amizade verdadeira. Meninas, estaremos sempre juntas e o LAMPA jamais será o mesmo. Aos queridos amigos que encontrei nessa trajetória e tornaram os meus dias mais leves. Cadu, Rafaella, Giseli, Marcella, Ana Paula e Renata, obrigada pelos divertidos momentos, que certamente deixarão saudade. Louise, Paula, Fernanda, Cinthia e Dani, só me resta agradecer pelo acolhimento, companheirismo e risadas diárias. Aos amigos de longa data, em especial à Mariana Farias, Fernanda Brandão e Laís Farias, minha família NIB, pela compreensão e apoio todo tempo. À Aline e à Janaína, pela força e incentivo. Às irmãs Lisiak, Gabriela, Fabiana, Micaela, Adrielly e Bárbara pela amizade. Aos queridos Saramandeiros que amo e estão sempre comigo. À Ticiane, Thaylla e Carol, que sempre me fizeram acreditar na minha capacidade. E por fim, às minhas amigas de infância, que mesmo longe, estão sempre perto. Agradeço ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo (PPG-ATC) da UNICAMP pela excelência e por todo o auxílio proporcionado. Aos professores, em especial à Profa. Stelamaris, à Profa. Vanessa e à Profa. Doris pelos breves mas agradáveis momentos entre os intervalos de pesquisa. À Secretaria da FEC- UNICAMP, em especial ao Eduardo, pela gentileza e competência, sempre caminhando juntos. Ao Setor de Gerenciamento de Facilities da FEC-UNICAMP, em especial ao Alberto Fontolan, pela disponibilidade e suporte aos experimentos no laboratório. À Coordenaria de Projetos (CPROJ) pelo Modelo de Registro BIM fornecido e apoio a todas as dúvidas sobre o objeto de estudo. À Profa. Ana Lúcia Harris e à Ana Cuperschmid pela presteza e atenção em ajudar no desenvolvimento da pesquisa, disponibilizando materiais para teste. Ao Cássio Dezotti, pelo comprometimento ao realizar a Iniciação Científica, afora o companheirismo e simpatia. Finalmente, agradeço à CAPES pelo suporte por meio da bolsa de Mestrado concedida, e ao PIBIC pelo apoio à Iniciação Científica para desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Registro novamente o meu obrigada, afinal tudo na vida é fruto de uma construção coletiva. RESUMO No Brasil, o vetor de crescimento do consumo de energia em edificações comerciais e públicas apresenta projeção acentuada até meados de 2050. Essa projeção de crescimento pode ser mitigada por meio da adoção de medidas de eficiência energética, considerando condicionantes ambientais, físicas e de padrões de usos da edificação. Iniciativas tecnológicas que subsidiam estas medidas de eficiência devem ser acompanhadas por ações de intervenção no comportamento. Nesse sentido, o emprego de Sistemas de Eco-feedback, que exploram recursos de frequência, representação e contextualização na exibição de informações de consumo, pode propiciar uma abordagem centrada no usuário. As informações de consumo são usualmente extraídas do ambiente construído monitorado, mediante o uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) e de Sensoriamento. Devido à edificação tratar-se de um organismo complexo associado a uma quantidade massiva de dados, aprimorar o monitoramento de desempenho orientado ao consumo requer a convergência de paradigmas como a Internet das Coisas (IoT) e a Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM). Logo, o objetivo desta pesquisa é integrar informações de consumo de energia adquiridas por meio da IoT ao Modelo BIM, visando o monitoramento de desempenho. Trata-se da primeira dissertação brasileira a abordar a Interface BIM/IoT. A abordagem enfatiza a fase de Operação e Manutenção (O&M) e busca auxiliar proprietários e gerentes de facilities na criação de estratégias operacionais e de eficiência energética em edificações. A pesquisa incorporou os procedimentos metodológicos da Design Science Research, que conduziram: (i) à definição de uma estratégia macro de implementação de um Sistema de Eco-feedback; (ii) à identificação dos propósitos de BIM e IoT na integração; e (iii) à atribuição de classes de problemas aos estudos existentes que abordam BIM e IoT, considerando agentes envolvidos, séries e usos do Modelo BIM. Esta construção teórica fundamentou o desenvolvimento da solução BIM-IoT, enquadrada nas classes de problemas que abordam a Sensibilidade à Eficiência Energética e a Qualidade Ambiental Interna. A solução foi implementada e avaliada no laboratório de pesquisa de um edifício institucional, como prova de conceito. Em relação às principais contribuições da pesquisa, o Modelo BIM tornou-se dinâmico, com o potencial de proporcionar contextualização semântica e espacial às informações de consumo de energia exibidas em tempo real. A associação deste Modelo BIM Dinâmico à estratégia de eco-feedback para o setor de serviços, pode auxiliar, facilitar e incrementar o monitoramento de desempenho, além de fomentar mudança de comportamento. Esta mudança está associada ao próprio Monitoramento de Desempenho que, além de viabilizar a manutenção preditiva da edificação, serve de parecer e/ou indicador de qualidade de soluções de projeto. Palavras-chave: Modelagem da Informação da Construção. Internet das Coisas. Interface BIM/IoT. Monitoramento de Desempenho. Consumo de Energia. Operação e Manutenção. Manutenção de Registros. Manutenção de Ativos. Utilização em Tempo Real. ABSTRACT The energy use in the Brazilian commercial and public building sectors are expected to have a sharp increase until the middle of 2050. This increase may be mitigated by adopting building energy efficiency measures that take into consideration environmental and physical factors and building use patterns. Technological initiatives that aim at improving those measures must be accompanied by behavioral intervention actions. The adoption of Eco- feedback Systems that explore resources such as frequency, representation, and contextualization in usage information exhibition, can provide user-centered support. Consumption data is usually extracted from the monitored built environment, through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Sensing Technology. Due to the complexity of buildings and its association with a massive amount of data, improving consumption-oriented performance monitoring requires the convergence of paradigms such as the Internet
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