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The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin W

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The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin W Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05453-0 - The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin W. Lewis Index More information Index Abyssinia, 29 Apache, 131–133 see also Ethiopia Arabic language and script, 30, 62, 107, 112, acquisition, language, 7, 58, 128, 224 166–167, 193, 196, 214, 225 adstratum influence, 136, 281 expansion of, 214–215 advection, xii, 140–141 Aramaic, 214 see also diffusion archeology, 43, 58, 167–168, 216 Aegean Sea, 122, 138 processual archeology, 41–42 Afanasievo culture, 206 area studies, 232 and Tocharian languages, 206 areal differentiation, 232 Afghanistan, 21, 38, 51, 148, 193, 263 Armenian, 60, 65–66, 71, 85–86, 100, 112, Afrikaans, 77, 151 139, 165–166, 177, 184, 187, 196, 202 Afroasiatic languages, 20, 35–36, 151–152, 196 Classical Armenian, 145 agglutinative morphology, 153–154, 281 Modern Armenian, 196 agriculture, 40, 133, 137–138, 141, 168–170, Armenian Theory of Indo-European Origins, 207–208, 210, 212 45, 192–195 compared with pastoralism, 209 Aryans, 20, 23, 26–27, 31–32, 36, 38, 44 intensification, 210 47 and spread of languages, 41 The Aryans (book by V. Gordon Childe), 27 see also farming; swidden in India and Iran, 38 Akkadian, 119, 193, 214 in “racial science”,23–24 Alans, 129 Assyrians, 118 see also Ossetians Atkinson, Quentin, 2–4, 7, 9, 11, 13–14, 32, Albanian, 65–66, 81, 83, 85–86, 88–89, 100, 45–47, 53, 55–56, 58–60, 63–64, 66, 123, 143, 174, 184–185, 187, 191, 202 69–71, 75–77, 80–90, 92–93, 95–96, Algic languages, 132 98–99, 104–106, 109, 114–118, 120–122, Altaic languages, 152–153, 196, 222 125, 127, 137–138, 140–142, 145–146, Amanita muscaria,50 149, 156–157, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, Amazons, 34 173–174, 176, 179–180, 182, 201–202, analytical languages, 151 205, 207, 212, 216–217, 220–222, 230, see also isolating languages 237 Anatolian hypothesis, 11, 14–15, 40, 43, 45–46, Austro-Hungarian Empire, 143 116, 118, 135, 169, 182, 192, 201, 205, 207 Austronesian languages, 55–56, 66, 83, 87, 92, Anatolian languages, 66, 100, 120–121, 172, 94, 120–121, 151, 155, 222 174, 182, 191, 193, 202–203, 205–206 Avar Khanate, 130, 134 in the Hittite empire, 117–118 Avestan, 65, 170, 173–174, 193 Anglo-Saxon. See English: Old English Aztecs, 210–211 animated, 103, 114, 116, 121, 123, 143, 156, 180, 206–207, 250 Babel, Tower of, 14, 19, 89–90, 240 Anthony, David, xi, 11, 43–46, 49, 132, 134, Baker, Mark, xi, 19, 58, 150, 217 157, 163, 169–171, 177–180, 204, 206, 223–224 208–209, 213–214 Balkan Theory of Indo-European Origins, 45 316 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05453-0 - The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin W. Lewis Index More information Index 317 Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, 32, 103, 116, 130, cartography, 1–2, 115, 263 142, 164, 204–205 conventions of, 115, 146–147 Baltic languages, 170, 185, 187, 191 and language, 143–145 Baltic Sea, 24, 98 political, 147–148 Balto-Slavic languages, 65, 89–90, 104, 124, carts, 178–179 174, 191, 195, 202, 226 see also chariots; wagons; wheels and see also Baltic languages; Slavic languages wheeled vehicles Bantu languages, 30, 56, 208, 213 case basic vocabulary, 60, 71, 73, 81–84, 86, 89–90, accusative, 79, 151, 200, 281 94–95, 125 dative, 79, 282 see also Swadesh list ergative, 151, 223, 282 Basque, 40, 125, 139, 161–162, 225, 283 genitive, 79, 99, 164, 222 Bayesian analysis, xi, 8, 12, 18, 53, 55, 58, 64, cattle, 178, 212 66, 69, 72, 80, 89, 92–93, 95, 100–101, Cattle Raid of Cooley (Táin Bó Cúailnge), 211 113–114, 121, 159, 226 Caucasian “race”,22 beech, 186, 188–189, 191, 265 Caucasian languages. See languages of the see also Proto-Indo-European, tree names Caucasus Beekes, Robert, 80, 85, 136, 166, 169–170, Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca, 40, 87, 128, 214 177, 183, 189, 193, 196 Celtic languages, 20, 65, 71, 89–90, 96, 102, Belarusian, 69, 83, 98–99 112, 125, 130–131, 138–139, 151, 170, Bengali, 86 174–175, 184–187, 202, 227, 251 Berber languages, 215 Central Place Theory, 232 Bernal, Martin, 35–36 centum languages, 65 Bible, the, 19, 21, 118, 215, 229 see also centum–satem distinction; satem bilingualism, 58, 102, 109, 136, 144, 165, 213 languages see also multilingualism centum–satem distinction, 65–66 bioinformatics analysis, 12 see also centum languages; satem languages birch, 186–190, 267 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 25–27 see also Proto-Indo-European, tree names chance, as source of linguistic similarity, 64 birch bark documents, 68, 94 chariots, 120, 173, 175 Black Athena (book by Martin Bernal), 34–35 see also carts; wagons; wheels and wheeled Black Sea, 2, 32, 44, 133, 166, 198, 201, 203, vehicles 205 Chen, Keith, 6 Boas, Franz, 28 Chichimeca, Chichimecs, 210 Bopp, Franz, 14, 21 Childe, V. Gordon, 27–28, 43 borrowing, 41, 60–62, 71, 80–82, 84, 86–88, 95, Chinese, 224 98–99, 106, 135, 153, 161, 166, 171, 179, see also Mandarin Chinese 192–193, 196–198, 202, 221, 227, 281, 286 Chomsky, Noam, 7, 224, 230 grammatical borrowing, 62, 79, 167, 196, Clackson, James, xi, 37, 65–66, 68, 72, 170, 194 200, 227 Cochran, Gregory, 134 Boserup, Ester, 210 cognates, 49, 59–60, 66, 68–69, 71, 73, 75, Breton, 102, 144, 251 80–81, 83, 85, 88, 90, 93, 95–96, 100, British Isles, 141 112, 160–161, 165, 169–170, 173–175, Bronze Age, 12, 36, 117–118, 130, 157, 177, 184–185, 189–191, 193, 207, 204–205, 212, 215 217–219, 225, 281 Bryant, Edwin, 37 vs. borrowings, 80–88 Bryce, Trevor, 118–119 Comanche, 211 Bulgarian, 69, 83, 214, 226 Comanche Empire (book by Pekka Bulgars (Danubian), 213 Hämäläinen), 211 Burma (Myanmar), 123 comparative reconstruction, 4, 14, 21, 66, 69, 87, 90, 93, 159, 176, 216, 225, 228, 281 Calabria, 123 computational linguistics, 10, 231 Campbell, Joseph, 17, 33, 68, 152, 154, 160, consonants. See ejectives; fricatives; 165, 168–169, 183 labiovelars; palatalization; retroflex Cannabis,49–50 consonants; stops; velar consonants © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05453-0 - The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin W. Lewis Index More information 318 Index Coon, Carleton, 31 159–162, 171–172, 184, 186, 190, 194, Cornish, 102, 151, 245, 251 200, 211, 217–218, 220, 222, 224, Cree, 154 226–227, 242, 281–283, 285 creole languages, 56, 153, 282 Middle English, 72, 79–80, 160, 286 Crete, 35, 122, 146 Old English, 72–73, 78–80, 159, 161–162, Croatian. See Serbo-Croatian 164, 169–170, 172–173, 175, 189–190, cultural frontier, 44 220, 226, 245 Cushitic languages, 20 environmental determinism, 26, 42, 232 Czech, 68, 83, 106, 244 see also geographical determinism Ephedra, 50, 193 Dacia, 102–104, 106 epistemology, 230 Danube Valley, 40, 204 Eskimo-Aleut languages, 152 Darfur, 212 Estonia, 123 Darwin, Charles, 19, 33, 230 Ethiopia, 29 Datura,51 see also Abyssinia DeMent, Iris, 234 Ethnologue, 112, 144–146, 153 demic diffusion. See diffusion Etruscan, 122, 138 devoicing, 68, 161, 219, 282 Eurasiatic macrofamily, 152 dialect, 5, 25, 45, 59, 62, 68–69, 73, 77, 80, 86, Eurocentrism, 33, 145 97–99, 102–103, 106–107, 109–113, 124, Everett, Caleb, 5 136, 139, 144–147, 149, 151, 154, 160, Everett, Dan, 28 185, 193–194, 196, 199, 203, 249, 263, evolution, biological vs. linguistic, 282 149–154 dialect continuum, 97, 144, 147, 154, 203, 282 falsification, 231 Diamond, Jared, 42 farming, 40, 48, 117, 133, 140, 144, 179, 206, diffusion, xii, 12, 14, 40, 45–48, 53, 81, 115, 209–210, 212–213, 215 125, 127–132, 134–135, 139–141, 145, see also agriculture; swidden 156, 193, 203, 205, 207 Faroese, 77, 124 see also advection Farsi, 145, 227, 263. See Persian diglossia, 282 feminist scholarship, 11, 33–34 distinctive features, 218–221, 227 Fergana Valley, 123 Doel, Marcus, 234 Fertile Crescent, 12, 40, 116, 166, 170, 176, dogs, 33, 73, 199–200 188, 207, 215 domestication, 44, 120, 133, 169, 176, 178, Finnish, 200, 225 194, 209 Finno-Ugric languages, 168, 183, 198–199, domino effect, 133 201, 225 donkey, 23, 177, 183, 211 fish, 153, 184–185 Drang nach Osten (“drive toward the East”), see also salmon 128 Fleure, H. J., 31 Dravidian languages, 30, 36, 97, 138, 151–152, Ford, O.T., 146, 148 190, 196 French, 1, 5, 21, 63, 65, 67–68, 72, 74, 77, Drews, Robert, 137 80–81, 84, 88, 101, 106–107, 109–113, Dutch, 77, 79, 81, 84, 151, 171, 184, 190 124, 143, 145, 154, 160, 170, 190, 218–220, 222, 224, 227, 281, 286 East Slavic languages. See Slavic languages, fricatives, 67, 80, 161, 281–282, 284 East Slavic languages Fulani, 144, 212 ecotone, 44 Egyptians, ancient, 35 Galatians, 130 Eisler, Riane, 33 Gamkrelidze, Tomaz V., 45, 170, 183–184, ejectives, 5, 192, 194–197, 282 189, 192–196 elite dominance, 132–133, 214 gender, grammatical, 5, 11, 32, 59, 72, 96–97, empiricism, 229–230 154, 165, 197, 221, 283 English, 1, 62–63, 68, 72–73, 75–77, 79–81, generative approach, 3 83–84, 87–88, 94, 112, 132, 151, generative grammar, 3–4, 7, 227 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05453-0 - The Indo-European Controversy: Facts and Fallacies in Historical Linguistics Asya Pereltsvaig and Martin W.
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