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The Great Apostasy
The Great Apostasy R. J. M. I. By The Precious Blood of Jesus Christ; The Grace of the God of the Holy Catholic Church; The Mediation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Our Lady of Good Counsel and Crusher of Heretics; The Protection of Saint Joseph, Patriarch of the Holy Family and Patron of the Holy Catholic Church; The Guidance of the Good Saint Anne, Mother of Mary and Grandmother of God; The Intercession of the Archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael; The Intercession of All the Other Angels and Saints; and the Cooperation of Richard Joseph Michael Ibranyi To Jesus through Mary Júdica me, Deus, et discérne causam meam de gente non sancta: ab hómine iníquo, et dolóso érue me Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam 2 “I saw under the sun in the place of judgment wickedness, and in the place of justice iniquity.” (Ecclesiastes 3:16) “Woe to you, apostate children, saith the Lord, that you would take counsel, and not of me: and would begin a web, and not by my spirit, that you might add sin upon sin… Cry, cease not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their wicked doings and the house of Jacob their sins… How is the faithful city, that was full of judgment, become a harlot?” (Isaias 30:1; 58:1; 1:21) “Therefore thus saith the Lord: Ask among the nations: Who hath heard such horrible things, as the virgin of Israel hath done to excess? My people have forgotten me, sacrificing in vain and stumbling in their way in ancient paths.” (Jeremias 18:13, 15) “And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: Son of man, say to her: Thou art a land that is unclean, and not rained upon in the day of wrath. -
0. Introduction L2/12-386
Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Revised Proposal to Encode Additional Old Italic Characters Source: UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Author: Christopher C. Little ([email protected]) Status: Liaison Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Replaces: N4046 (L2/11-146R) Date: 2012-11-06 0. Introduction The existing Old Italic character repertoire includes 31 letters and 4 numerals. The Unicode Standard, following the recommendations in the proposal L2/00-140, states that Old Italic is to be used for the encoding of Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, North Picene, and South Picene. It also specifically states that Old Italic characters are inappropriate for encoding the languages of ancient Italy north of Etruria (Venetic, Raetic, Lepontic, and Gallic). It is true that the inscriptions of languages north of Etruria exhibit a number of common features, but those features are often exhibited by the other scripts of Italy. Only one of these northern languages, Raetic, requires the addition of any additional characters in order to be fully supported by the Old Italic block. Accordingly, following the addition of this one character, the Unicode Standard should be amended to recommend the encoding of Venetic, Raetic, Lepontic, and Gallic using Old Italic characters. In addition, one additional character is necessary to encode South Picene inscriptions. This proposal is divided into five parts: The first part (§1) identifies the two unencoded characters (Raetic Ɯ and South Picene Ũ) and demonstrates their use in inscriptions. The second part (§2) examines the use of each Old Italic character, as it appears in Etruscan, Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene, Venetic, Raetic, Lepontic, Gallic, and archaic Latin, to demonstrate the unifiability of the northern Italic languages' scripts with Old Italic. -
THE WORKSHOP in an Earlier Study of the Fish Mosaic of Palestrina and a Series of Fish Mosaics from Pompeii I Concluded on the B
CHAPTER VI THE WORKSHOP In an earlier study of the Fish Mosaic of Palestrina and a series of fish mosaics from Pompeii I concluded on the basis of important similarities in iconography, style and technique, that all were probably made by one workshop. A number of other mosaics could also be ascribed to the same workshop, including the Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, the mosaics from the Casa del Fauno at Pompeii, and several other mosaics from Pompeii and around the Bay of Naples. The workshop has been named the Workshop of the Casa del Fauno because this house possessed the largest collec tion of the workshop's products so far discovered, and because it was these mosaics which allowed a reconstruction of the work shop's activity1• A short review of the workshop's activity may help to shed some light on the background of the Palestrina mosaics. The Casa del Fauno is the best preserved example of a mansion belonging to a provincial aristocrat from the later part of the second century B.C. This was a period of enormous prosperity both in Central Italy and in Pompeii, owing to the development of trade with the Eastern Mediterranean which followed the Roman conquest. The finding of a fragment of a travertine slab with an Oscan inscription mentioning a Satrius, named as an aedile, sug gests that the Casa del Fauno may have belonged to the Satrii, who were a prominent Campanian family. It seems probable that the aedile Satrius was involved in the general architectural embel lishment of Pompeii which took place in the later part of the second century, as well as in the enlargement and embellish ment of the Casa del Fauno. -
Mediterranean Adventure Tours
Travel Mediterranean Adventure Tours: One by Land and Another by Sea icturing a get-away filled with Rome: Discover Historic Ancient intrigue, history and charm? Let the Ruins Psplendor of the Mediterranean direct your way to a dream vacation. Promising Your exciting tour begins in historic joyful memories to last a lifetime, there Rome, set amidst the glorious backdrop are two brilliant ways to tour the region, of ancient ruins. You’ll be greeted to a by land or by sea. Explore quaint villages, welcome dinner with wine at a specially dramatic cathedrals, ancient cities and selected local restaurant. Commence ruins, and historic sites. Travel through your sightseeing with a guided tour picturesque countryside and visit of The Colosseum of Rome, the large charming ports on emerald colored seas. amphitheater where deadly combat Delight your senses tasting regional of gladiators and wild animals took mouthwatering cuisine and enjoy place long ago. Built to hold 50,000 staying in luxurious accommodations. spectators, it was commissioned by observe the 2,000 year old red-granite Learn history on a fully-escorted seven- Emperor Vespasian and later completed Egyptian obelisk. Walk along the lines of day Italian land tour from Rome to by his son in AD 80. Just outside is travertine, as you stand facing St. Peter’s Venice or delight in a smorgasbord of the Arch of Constantine, a 25 m high Basilica, known as “the greatest of all excursions aboard a seven night Western monument built in AD 315 to mark Churches of Christendom.” This Late Mediterranean Cruise. Here are sample Constantine’s victory over Maxentius. -
Reading for Monday 4/23/12 History of Rome You Will Find in This Packet
Reading for Monday 4/23/12 A e History of Rome A You will find in this packet three different readings. 1) Augustus’ autobiography. which he had posted for all to read at the end of his life: the Res Gestae (“Deeds Accomplished”). 2) A few passages from Vergil’s Aeneid (the epic telling the story of Aeneas’ escape from Troy and journey West to found Rome. The passages from the Aeneid are A) prophecy of the glory of Rome told by Jupiter to Venus (Aeneas’ mother). B) A depiction of the prophetic scenes engraved on Aeneas’ shield by the god Vulcan. The most important part of this passage to read is the depiction of the Battle of Actium as portrayed on Aeneas’ shield. (I’ve marked the beginning of this bit on your handout). Of course Aeneas has no idea what is pictured because it is a scene from the future... Take a moment to consider how the Battle of Actium is portrayed by Vergil in this scene! C) In this scene, Aeneas goes down to the Underworld to see his father, Anchises, who has died. While there, Aeneas sees the pool of Romans waiting to be born. Anchises speaks and tells Aeneas about all of his descendants, pointing each of them out as they wait in line for their birth. 3) A passage from Horace’s “Song of the New Age”: Carmen Saeculare Important questions to ask yourself: Is this poetry propaganda? What do you take away about how Augustus wanted to be viewed, and what were some of the key themes that the poets keep repeating about Augustus or this new Golden Age? Le’,s The Au,qustan Age 195. -
Domitian's Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome
Rising from the Ashes: Domitian’s Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome Lea K. Cline In the August 1888 edition of the Notizie degli Scavi, profes- on a base of two steps; it is a long, solid rectangle, 6.25 m sors Guliermo Gatti and Rodolfo Lanciani announced the deep, 3.25 m wide, and 1.26 m high (lacking its crown). rediscovery of a Domitianic altar on the Quirinal hill during These dimensions make it the second largest public altar to the construction of the Casa Reale (Figures 1 and 2).1 This survive in the ancient capital. Built of travertine and revet- altar, found in situ on the southeast side of the Alta Semita ted in marble, this altar lacks sculptural decoration. Only its (an important northern thoroughfare) adjacent to the church inscription identifies it as an Ara Incendii Neroniani, an altar of San Andrea al Quirinale, was not unknown to scholars.2 erected in fulfillment of a vow made after the great fire of The site was discovered, but not excavated, in 1644 when Nero (A.D. 64).7 Pope Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini) and Gianlorenzo Bernini Archaeological evidence attests to two other altars, laid the foundations of San Andrea al Quirinale; at that time, bearing identical inscriptions, excavated in the sixteenth the inscription was removed to the Vatican, and then the and seventeenth centuries; the Ara Incendii Neroniani found altar was essentially forgotten.3 Lanciani’s notes from May on the Quirinal was the last of the three to be discovered.8 22, 1889, describe a fairly intact structure—a travertine block Little is known of the two other altars; one, presumably altar with remnants of a marble base molding on two sides.4 found on the Vatican plain, was reportedly used as building Although the altar’s inscription was not in situ, Lanciani refers material for the basilica of St. -
The Burial of the Urban Poor in Italy in the Late Republic and Early Empire
Death, disposal and the destitute: The burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Republic and early Empire Emma-Jayne Graham Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Archaeology University of Sheffield December 2004 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk The following have been excluded from this digital copy at the request of the university: Fig 12 on page 24 Fig 16 on page 61 Fig 24 on page 162 Fig 25 on page 163 Fig 26 on page 164 Fig 28 on page 168 Fig 30on page 170 Fig 31 on page 173 Abstract Recent studies of Roman funerary practices have demonstrated that these activities were a vital component of urban social and religious processes. These investigations have, however, largely privileged the importance of these activities to the upper levels of society. Attempts to examine the responses of the lower classes to death, and its consequent demands for disposal and commemoration, have focused on the activities of freedmen and slaves anxious to establish or maintain their social position. The free poor, living on the edge of subsistence, are often disregarded and believed to have been unceremoniously discarded within anonymous mass graves (puticuli) such as those discovered at Rome by Lanciani in the late nineteenth century. This thesis re-examines the archaeological and historical evidence for the funerary practices of the urban poor in Italy within their appropriate social, legal and religious context. The thesis attempts to demonstrate that the desire for commemoration and the need to provide legitimate burial were strong at all social levels and linked to several factors common to all social strata. -
Campionato Under 12 2011 12
CAMPIONATO GIOVANILE UNDER 12 2011-2012 ELENCO SQUADRE UNDER 12 GIRONE UNICO Società: ASD PALLACANESTRO SPES MENTANA Campo: via Pierluigi da Palestrina - Mentana Dirigente: Nardangeli Luca Cell. 349 4562342 E-mail: [email protected] Maglie: Verde/bianca gioca il: Sabato ore 18:00 Società: ANZIO BASKET CLUB Campo: via Nettunense km 36,5 - Palestra 4 casette - Anzio Dirigente: Monteriu Roberto Cell. 339 8991616 E-mail: [email protected] Maglie: Blu/bianca gioca il: Domenica ore 17:00 (in alternanza con U14) Società: A.P.D. PALOCCO BASKET Campo: via di Casalpalocco 127 Roma Dirigente: Vicari Rita Cell. 338 7022333 E-mail: [email protected] Maglie: Arancio/blu gioca il: Sabato ore 15:30 (alternanza con Under 14) Società: ASD PGS DON BOSCO CINECITTA’ Campo: P.za dei Decemviri 2 - Roma Dirigente: Guiducci Roberto Cell. 339 6001291 E-mail: [email protected] Maglie: Giallo/blu gioca la: Martedi ore 17:15 Società: AD S.S. LAZIO BASKET (gruppo Pascal) Campo: via Brembio 97 Roma – palestra Istituto Pascal Dirigente: Corbellini Giuseppe Cell. 320 8478220 e-mail: [email protected] Maglie: Blu/bianca gioca la: Domenica ore 09:30 (alternanza con U14) Società: ASD SPES VIRIDIS Campo: via Belluno 5 - Roma Dirigente: Bilotta Bruno Cell. 335 8412646 E-mail: [email protected] Maglie: Azzurra gioca il: Sabato ore 15:30 Società: ASD ALFIERI Campo: via Giovanni Pacini, 6 - Roma – palestra scuola Alfieri Dirigente: Marinelli Paolo Cell. 347 9156037 E-mail: [email protected] Maglie: Blu/gialla gioca il: Sabato ore 17:00 Società: ASD OMNIA ROMA Campo: via Francesco Compagna 15 Roma – palestra Benedetto Croce Dirigente: Gianluca Pasquali Cell. -
Yalin Akcevin the Etruscans Space in Etruscan Sacred Architecture And
Yalin Akcevin The Etruscans Space in Etruscan Sacred Architecture and Its Implications on Use Abstract Space is no doubt an important subject for the Etruscan religion, whether in the inauguration of cities and sacred areas, or in the divination of omens through the Piacenza liver in divided spaces of a sacrificial liver. It is then understandable that in the architecture and layout of the temples and sacred places, the usage of space, bears specific meaning and importance to the use and sanctity of the temple. Exploring the relationship between architectural spaces, and religious and secular use of temple complexes can expand the role of the temple from simply the ritualistic. It can also be shown that temples were both monuments to gods and Etruscans, and that these places were living spaces reflecting the Etruscan sense of spatial relations and importance. I. Introduction The Etruscans, in their own rights, were people whose religion was omnipresent in their daily lives. From deciding upon the fate of battle to the inauguration of cities and sacred spaces, the Etruscans held a sense of religion close to themselves. The most prominent part of this religion however, given what is left from the Etruscans, is the emphasis on the use of space. The division and demarcation of physical space is seen in the orthogonal city plan of Marzabotto with cippus placed at prominent crossroads marking the cardinal directions, to the sixteen parts of the heaven and the sky on the Piacenza liver. Space had been used to divine from lighting, conduct augury from the flight of birds and haruspicy from the liver of sacrificial animals. -
Internal Classification of Indo-European Languages: Survey
Václav Blažek (Masaryk University of Brno, Czech Republic) On the internal classification of Indo-European languages: Survey The purpose of the present study is to confront most representative models of the internal classification of Indo-European languages and their daughter branches. 0. Indo-European 0.1. In the 19th century the tree-diagram of A. Schleicher (1860) was very popular: Germanic Lithuanian Slavo-Lithuaian Slavic Celtic Indo-European Italo-Celtic Italic Graeco-Italo- -Celtic Albanian Aryo-Graeco- Greek Italo-Celtic Iranian Aryan Indo-Aryan After the discovery of the Indo-European affiliation of the Tocharian A & B languages and the languages of ancient Asia Minor, it is necessary to take them in account. The models of the recent time accept the Anatolian vs. non-Anatolian (‘Indo-European’ in the narrower sense) dichotomy, which was first formulated by E. Sturtevant (1942). Naturally, it is difficult to include the relic languages into the model of any classification, if they are known only from several inscriptions, glosses or even only from proper names. That is why there are so big differences in classification between these scantily recorded languages. For this reason some scholars omit them at all. 0.2. Gamkrelidze & Ivanov (1984, 415) developed the traditional ideas: Greek Armenian Indo- Iranian Balto- -Slavic Germanic Italic Celtic Tocharian Anatolian 0.3. Vladimir Georgiev (1981, 363) included in his Indo-European classification some of the relic languages, plus the languages with a doubtful IE affiliation at all: Tocharian Northern Balto-Slavic Germanic Celtic Ligurian Italic & Venetic Western Illyrian Messapic Siculian Greek & Macedonian Indo-European Central Phrygian Armenian Daco-Mysian & Albanian Eastern Indo-Iranian Thracian Southern = Aegean Pelasgian Palaic Southeast = Hittite; Lydian; Etruscan-Rhaetic; Elymian = Anatolian Luwian; Lycian; Carian; Eteocretan 0.4. -
A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite? Jodi Magness University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Etruscan Studies Journal of the Etruscan Foundation Volume 8 Article 4 2001 A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite? Jodi Magness University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies Recommended Citation Magness, Jodi (2001) "A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite?," Etruscan Studies: Vol. 8 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies/vol8/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Etruscan Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Near EasTern EThnic ElemenT Among The ETruscan EliTe? by Jodi Magness INTRODUCTION:THEPROBLEMOFETRUSCANORIGINS 1 “Virtually all archaeologists now agree that the evidence is overwhelmingly in favour of the “indigenous” theory of Etruscan origins: the development of Etruscan culture has to be understood within an evolutionary sequence of social elaboration in Etruria.” 2 “The archaeological evidence now available shows no sign of any invasion, migra- Tion, or colonisaTion in The eighTh cenTury... The formaTion of ETruscan civilisaTion occurred in ITaly by a gradual process, The final sTages of which can be documenTed in The archaeo- logical record from The ninTh To The sevenTh cenTuries BC... For This reason The problem of ETruscan origins is nowadays (righTly) relegaTed To a fooTnoTe in scholarly accounTs.” 3 he origins of the Etruscans have been the subject of debate since classical antiqui- Tty. There have traditionally been three schools of thought (or “models” or “the- ories”) regarding Etruscan origins, based on a combination of textual, archaeo- logical, and linguistic evidence.4 According to the first school of thought, the Etruscans (or Tyrrhenians = Tyrsenoi, Tyrrhenoi) originated in the eastern Mediterranean. -
Burial Customs and the Pollution of Death in Ancient Rome BURIAL CUSTOMS and the POLLUTION of DEATH in ANCIENT ROME: PROCEDURES and PARADOXES
Burial customs and the pollution of death in ancient Rome BURIAL CUSTOMS AND THE POLLUTION OF DEATH IN ANCIENT ROME: PROCEDURES AND PARADOXES ABSTRACT The Roman attitude towards the dead in the period spanning the end of the Republic and the high point of the Empire was determined mainly by religious views on the (im)mortality of the soul and the concept of the “pollution of death”. Contamina- tion through contact with the dead was thought to affect interpersonal relationships, interfere with official duties and prevent contact with the gods. However, considera- tions of hygiene relating to possible physical contamination also played a role. In this study the traditions relating to the correct preparation of the body and the sub- sequent funerary procedures leading up to inhumation or incineration are reviewed and the influence of social status is considered. Obvious paradoxes in the Roman at- titude towards the dead are discussed, e.g. the contrast between the respect for the recently departed on the one hand, and the condoning of brutal executions and public blood sports on the other. These paradoxes can largely be explained as reflecting the very practical policies of legislators and priests for whom considerations of hygiene were a higher priority than cultural/religious views. 1. INTRODUCTION The Roman approach to disposing of the dead in the Republican era and the early Empire (the period from approximately 250 BC to AD 250) was determined in part by diverse cultural/religious beliefs in respect of the continued existence of the soul after death and the con- cept of the “pollution of death”.