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Produced by National Film Board of Canada, ^PACIFICONNECTIOC N Pacific Regional Production Produced by National Film Board of Canada, ^PACIFICONNECTIOC N Pacific Regional Production 11 Suggested classroom uses: • Canadian History courses, junior and senior high school levels • Canadian Studies programs A related film from the NFB: Empty Harbors, Empty Dreams 58 minutes 3 seconds Color 106C 0179 162 The story of how New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island became Canadian provinces. Produced, Written and Edited by Peter Jones Animation Al Sens Animation Photography Svend-Erik Eriksen Actuality Photography Eugene Boyko, CSC David Geddes Sound Effects Canadian history teachers need not rack their brains for a way to introduce students to Shelly Hamer the story of British Columbia's entry into Confederation. The Pacific Connection — Ties Music That Bound, a lively and entertaining educational film, will captivate students with its Peter Bj erring unconventional presentation of the facts. Re-recording This film is a fast-paced mix of paintings, drawings, photographs, political cartoons and Barry Jones animated clips that illustrate B.C.'s transformation from an isolated British colony to a Executive Producer full-fledged member of the new Canadian nation. Drawings and cartoons from the John Taylor Confederation era come to life and out of historical scenes step caricaturized versions of the leading political figures of the time: Queen Victoria, Sir John A. Macdonald, Sir George-Etienne Carder, Alexander Mackenzie, and the three men most instrumental in negotiating the union deal — Mr. Joseph Trutch and Drs. John Helmcken and Robert Carrall. Produced by As they re-enact events that occurred more than a hundred years ago, aided by a supporting National Film Board of Canada, cast of pugnacious beavers, representing federal forces, and a royal lion in 19th-century garb, Pacific Region representing Britain, a humorous commentary provides a summary of B.C. history prior to Confederation. It also describes the circumstances that prompted the British colony to join Distributed by Canada: the dire need for revenue in the post gold rush period, the Dominion's promise of National Film Board of Canada a railroad and England's desire to rid the empire of a financially burdensome possession. The film explains briefly how as a result of delays in the construction of the railroad, caused 16 mm Color 35 mm Color by the Pacific scandal and the downfall of Macdonald's government, the union almost fell apart. Screening time: 22 minutes 46 seconds The Pacific Connection - - Ties That Bound, with its comic characterizations and light-hearted, slightly irreverent approach to serious historical matters, will not only delight 16 mm: 106C 0182 063 students but provide them with ample material for discussion and a framework for researching 35 mm: 105C 0182 063 an important period in Canadian history. Video: 116C 0182 063 See the reverse side for a study guide to this film. National Office National Film Board of Canada 1983 Film Board national du film P.O. Box 6100, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3H5 of Canada du Canada Printed in Canada Study Guide The Pacific Connection — Ties That Bound BACKGROUND TIME LINE Following the founding of Canada in 1867, British Columbia was 1763 pressured from many sides to join the new nation. The Proclamation Act establishes British presence in what is now Canada. Canada to the east wanted to create a "nation from coast to coast." 1774 It also saw B.C.'s inclusion as a means to prosperity, providing a ready Spanish explorers record seeing the Queen Charlotte Islands. market for eastern goods, fertile land for settlement, a transportation route 1775 to the riches of the Far East, and access to British Columbia's plentiful Spanish explorers land at Nootka Sound. natural resources. 1778 Great Britain favored B.C.'s union with Canada for several reasons. Captain James Cook of England lands at Nootka Sound and explores the coast Believing in the nineteenth-century philosophy of free trade, it felt the of British Columbia looking for the fabled northwest passage. crown colony to be an expensive and unnecessary burden and hoped by 1793 encouraging B.C. to unite with the eastern provinces to divest itself of North West Company men from Montreal are the first fur traders to come a large financial responsibility. It also hoped to create a buffer zone against overland to the Pacific. American expansionism. 1821 Within British Columbia, there was both support for and opposition to The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company amalgamate and the union. Many saw the move as economically advantageous. Not only adopt the former's name. would the ever-increasing debt be annulled, but the trans-continental 1843 railway promised by the Canadian government of Sir John A. Macdonald The Hudson's Bay Company establishes a post at Victoria on Vancouver Island would bring increased population and wealth. As well, joining the under the control of Chief Factor James Douglas. Dominion would enable B.C. to maintain ties with Great Britain. 1846 The agricultural sector of the population, however, was opposed to the Oregon Boundary Treaty signed. Britain retains only the territory north of the union, fearing it would mean lowering protective tariffs. Banks, British 49th parallel and the whole of Vancouver Island. investors and commercial interests also were fearful. The Hudson's Bay Company establishes the British presence and infrastructure It was largely B.C.'s Canadian-born citizens, like newspapermen Amor for ensuing settlers and Britain's later claim to the area. de Cosmos and John Robson, and Dr. R.W.W. Carrall, who supported 1851-1864 B.C.'s becoming part of Canada. Her American population did not. James Douglas is Governor of Vancouver Island. British-born officials like Dr. J.S. Helmcken, representative of British Vancouver Island sentiment in particular, were unenthusiastic about the 1858 A separate crown colony on the mainland is formed called British Columbia. idea. Even J.W. Trutch, Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, was James Douglas is made Governor of this crown colony as well. initially uncertain, neither for nor against union. When the March Resolution requesting the union had been drafted, Governor Frederick 1858-1871 Seymour of Vancouver Island actually delayed sending it to London for The colonial period of B.C. six months. 1864-1866 On July 20, 1871, however, British Columbia became the sixth province Arthur Kennedy is Governor of Vancouver Island. of Canada. 1864-1866 Frederick Seymour is Governor of the mainland colony. 1866 PRE-SCREENING TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION The Union of Vancouver Island and the mainland under the name British • What role did the desire for "responsible government" play in the Columbia. Confederation debate in B.C.? 1866-1869 • The film shows Dr. R.W.W. Carrall, Dr. J.S. Helmcken and J.W. Frederick Seymour is Governor of the united colony of B.C. Trutch to be key figures in B.C.'s joining Confederation. Who else 1868 played an important role? The "Confederation League" starts up in Victoria. • There were approximately 36 000 people living in B.C. in 1870. Sept. 1868 Almost three-quarters were Indian, one-quarter white, and less than Yale Convention called to accelerate admission of the colony of British one-twentieth Asian. Discuss these figures in the light of who was Columbia into the Dominion of Canada upon "equitable and beneficial terms" making the decision for B.C. to join the Dominion of Canada. and to demand responsible government. 1868-1869 POST-SCREENING TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION The Canadian Government sends official dispatches to London requesting acceptance of B.C.'s entry into the Dominion. • Note on a map the settled areas of North America in the period just prior to B.C.'s joining Confederation (See Kerr's Historical 1869 Atlas). Discuss the part this pattern of settlement may have played Anthony Musgrave becomes Governor of B.C. in B.C.'s Confederation debate. 1869 • Did joining Confederation solve British Columbia's problems? Failure of the "annexation petition" to garner enough support for B.C. joining • Discuss how Helmcken, Trutch and Carrall represented the B.C. the United States. population. 1869 Prairie territories of the Hudson's Bay Company transferred to Canada, IDEAS FOR RELATED PROJECTS AND RESEARCH opening up the possibility of creating a country from "sea to sea." 1870 • Study the impact of European settlement on Indian society in B.C. Confederation debated within B.C. Dr. J.S. Helmcken, Dr. R.W.W. Carrall • Study the structure of society in Victoria during the colonial and J.W. Trutch are sent to Canada to negotiate terms of union. period. • Investigate the nature of B.C.'s economic base just prior to her 1871 joining Confederation. (Consider the fishing, mining, agriculture The terms of the union are adopted by Macdonald's government after much and forestry industries). debate. January 1871 BIBLIOGRAPHY The Legislative Council in Victoria passes the terms of the union. July 20, 1871 Duff, Wilson. The Indian History of British Columbia, Vol. I. Victoria: B.C. officially becomes the sixth province of Canada. Provincial Museum of B.C., 1964. Ormsby, Margaret. British Columbia, A History. Toronto: The This study guide was prepared by Ann Carroll. Macmillan Company of Canada, 1958. National Office Shelton, W. George (ed.). British Columbia and Confederation. Film Board national du film Victoria: University of Victoria, 1967. of Canada du Canada.
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