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Environment Prepared for: Prepared by: Okman Enerji AECOM Ġstanbul, Turkey Turkey Report No: TR-R630-01-01 June 2013 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Karadağ Wind Farm, Ġzmir, Turkey AECOM Report Environment Prepared for: Okman Enerji Ġstanbul, Turkey Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Karadağ Farm, Ġzmir, Turkey Gizem Güngör, Environmental Engineer, BS Cansu Yazıcı, Environmental Engineer, BS Lütfiye Özdirek, Biologist, BS, MS Mert Onursal Çatak, Geological Engineer, BS Hüseyin Akyol, Environmental Engineer, BS _________________________________ Prepared By Arzu Ertuğrul, Chemist, MS _________________________________ Reviewed By AECOM Mustafa Kemal Mah., Dumlupınar Bulvarı No: 266, Tepe Prime ĠĢ Merkezi, B Blok, Suite: 51, Çankaya 06800 Ankara, Türkiye T: +90-312-442-9863 F: +90-312-442-9864 www.aecom.com June 17, 2013 AECOM- TR-R630-01-01 Karadağ WF ESIA AECOM Environment Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Background to the Project ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 The Project Owner .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Purpose and Scope of the ESIA .............................................................................................. 1-2 2.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Turkish Environmental Legislation ........................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................................................ 2-3 2.1.2 Air Quality .................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.1.3 Wastewater .................................................................................................................. 2-6 2.1.4 Soil Pollution ................................................................................................................ 2-7 2.1.5 Noise ............................................................................................................................ 2-7 2.1.6 Waste ........................................................................................................................... 2-9 2.2 International Conventions Adopted by Turkey ...................................................................... 2-13 2.3 Equator Principles .................................................................................................................. 2-14 2.4 IFC/World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines ............................... 2-16 2.4.1 Noise .......................................................................................................................... 2-17 2.4.2 Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality ..................................................................... 2-18 2.4.3 Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality .................................................................. 2-18 2.4.4 Hazardous Materials ................................................................................................. 2-19 2.4.5 Waste Management .................................................................................................. 2-19 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Karadağ Wind Farm Project ..................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Project Objective....................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Project Background .................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.4 Project Location ........................................................................................................................ 3-5 3.5 Project Technical Characteristics .......................................................................................... 3-11 3.6 Shipment and Transportation ................................................................................................. 3-12 3.7 Project Construction ............................................................................................................... 3-13 3.8 Project Operation and Maintenance ...................................................................................... 3-14 AECOM -TR-R630-01-01 i June 2013 Karadağ WF ESIA AECOM Environment 3.9 Project Decommissioning ....................................................................................................... 3-15 3.10 Project Work Force ................................................................................................................. 3-16 3.11 Energy Transmission Line...................................................................................................... 3-16 3.11.1 Location of the ETL ................................................................................................... 3-16 3.11.2 Technical Characteristics .......................................................................................... 3-19 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE .............................................................................. 4-1 4.1 General Climatology of the Region .......................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Air Quality.................................................................................................................................. 4-3 4.3 Land Use and Landownership ................................................................................................. 4-4 4.4 Background Noise Levels ........................................................................................................ 4-8 4.4.1 Noise Sensitive Receptors .......................................................................................... 4-8 4.4.2 Noise Survey ............................................................................................................. 4-15 4.4.3 Measured Background Noise Levels ....................................................................... 4-16 4.5 Geology ................................................................................................................................... 4-20 4.5.1 Regional Geology ...................................................................................................... 4-20 4.6 Tectonics and Structural Geology .......................................................................................... 4-21 4.6.1 Stratigraphy ............................................................................................................... 4-21 4.6.2 Seismicity ................................................................................................................... 4-24 4.7 Hydrology and Hydrogeology................................................................................................. 4-26 4.7.1 Hydrogeology ............................................................................................................ 4-26 4.7.2 Groundwater and Wells ............................................................................................ 4-26 4.8 Flora ........................................................................................................................................ 4-27 4.8.1 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 4-27 4.8.2 Vegetation.................................................................................................................. 4-28 4.9 Fauna ...................................................................................................................................... 4-39 4.9.1 Amphibians ................................................................................................................ 4-41 4.9.2 Reptiles ...................................................................................................................... 4-43 4.9.3 Birds ........................................................................................................................... 4-46 4.9.4 Mammals ................................................................................................................... 4-57 4.10 Naturally Protected Areas ...................................................................................................... 4-59 4.11 Archeologically Protected Areas ............................................................................................ 4-64 4.12 Socio-Economic Characteristics ............................................................................................ 4-64 4.12.1 Settlements and Demographics ............................................................................... 4-64 4.12.2 Livelihoods and Economics ...................................................................................... 4-65 AECOM -TR-R630-01-01 ii June 2013 Karadağ WF ESIA AECOM Environment 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE WIND FARM .................................................................
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  • To Visit DISCOVER BLACK SEA COAST 38 Blackseawetlands

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    Black Sea Black Sea DISCOVER BLACK SEA COAST INITIATIVE INITIATIVE G This publication is financed by the Enterpise for Management of Environmental Protection Activities 38 BLACKSEAWETlands E (EMEPA), Ministry of Environment and Water, Bulgaria to visit O www.moew.government.bg R 22, Maria Luiza Blvd. MOLDOVA 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria G www.pudoos.bg IA 2 Triaditsa street, fl.1 and fl. 3 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria UKRAINE Ramsar Convention on Wetlands www.ramsar.org ROMANIA Ramsar Regional Initiative on Black Sea Coastal Wetlands - BlackSeaWet RUSSIA www.blackseawet.org BULGARIA GEORGIA TURKEY Ramsar Regional Initiative on Black Sea Coastal Wetlands - BlackSeaWet GEOSOFT LTD. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The Convention on Wetlands is an intergovernmental of ecosystem approaches, within the context of sustainable treaty that provides the framework for national action and development”. “Wise use” therefore has at its heart the international cooperation for the conservation and wise conservation and sustainable use of wetlands and their use of wetlands and their resources. It was adopted in the resources, for the benefit of humankind. Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and came into force in 1975, Contracting parties to the Convention: and it is the only global environmental treaty that deals with a particular ecosystem. The Convention‘s member countries The Ramsar Contracting Parties have committed themselves cover all geographic regions of the planet. to implementing the “three pillars” of the Convention: Mission of the Ramsar Convention to designate suitable wetlands for the List of Wetlands of International Importance (“Ramsar List”) and ensure their “the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local effective management; and national actions and international cooperation, as a to work towards the wise use of all their wetlands through contribution towards achieving sustainable development national land-use planning, appropriate policies and legislation, throughout the world”.