MOTO- REFERENCES TEACHING THE KINESTHETIC Bauman-Waengler, J. (2008). TECHNIQUES: Articulatory and phonological / / SOUND impairments: A clinical focus. (3rd ed.) ʃ • Edna Young in the late 1930s Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & developed the moto- Bacon. PREPARED BY: kinesthetic method. These JACQUE JACOBS, ANNE BEMIS, methods involve the clinician Bleile, K. (2006). Late eight. San JENNIFER KARNATZ, TINA BLEW using her/his hands on the Diego, CA: Plural Publishing. KRISTEN RORABOUGH, client’s lips, jaw or face to Lindamood, P. & Lindamood, P. HOLLIE PORSI, DEBBE JANTZ, direct movement necessary JENNA HOFFHINES, MARLA STAAB, (1998). The Lindamood Phoneme for each speech sound. This MARSHA HAINES, JANET PORTER, manipulation provides Sequencing Program for Reading, ANNETTE SMITH, JANICE CUNDIFF, Spelling, and Speech: The LiPS information to the client rd MARY STACKHOUSE, related to the place at which Program. (3 ed.). Austin, TX: BARBARA PAGEL, BECKY LONG, movement beings, amount of Pro-Ed. SOMARY VILAYSING, MARCY BEOUGHER tension or pressure needed, Secord, W., Boyce, S., Donohue, overall shape and direction of J., Fox, R., & Shine, R. (2007). movement and timing. Use Eliciting sounds. (2nd ed.) Florence, tactile and kinesthetic senses KY: Thomson Delmar Learning. to help client feel the way PLACE: PALATO- sound is produced (Secord, ALVEOLAR Boyce, Donohue, Fox, & VOICE: VOICELESS Shine, 2007) MANNER: FRICATIVE

• Using gloves place a thumb CONTEXTS: and forefinger on the corners INITIAL: SHAKE of the upper lip; then move MEDIAL: FASHION upper lip toward the center FINAL: BRUSH to allow them to protrude slightly.

SHAPING KEY PHONETIC TECHNIQUES: ENVIRONMENTS: PLACEMENT • Teach words that contain TECHNIQUES: • Shape from /s/ to /ʃ/ /ʃ/ at the end of a syllable or word. • Raise back of the tongue to • Shape from /ʧ/to / ʃ / feel upper teeth; put tip of the • If the problem is tongue tongue behind upper teeth and • Shape from /h/ to / ʃ / placement use high front pull tongue back slightly; vowels (e.g., she) . pucker the lips; blow voiceless air over the center of the • If the problem is with lip tongue METAPHORS rounding use the high back vowels (e.g., shoe). • Demonstrate the procedures • The “quiet” or “hushing” above using a mirror and use • Practice phrases that sound a tongue depressor to make include words that end in fine adjustments for place of • Quiet fat air sound /s/ before initial /sh/ articulation. words for example “this • Direct air through a straw or • Quiet brother of /ʒ/ ship”. towards a feather held in front of client’s mouth (especially if lateralizing).

• Teeth close together, “fish lips”, and blow voiceless air.