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Revista Comunicacao E Socie nº 22 | 2012 Título: Tecnologias Criativas Director: Moisés de Lemos Martins Director-adjunto: Manuel Pinto Director Gráfico e edição digital: Alberto Sá Conselho Consultivo André Berten (Universidade Católica de Lovaina), Daniel Bougnoux (Cahiers de Médiologie/ Universidade Stendhal de Grenoble), Ma- nuel Chaparro (Universidadede São Paulo), Paolo Fabbri (Universidade de Bolonha), António Fidalgo (Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã), Xosé López García (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Jill Hills (International Institute for Regulators of Telecommuni- cations/Centre for Communication and Information Studies, Universidade de Westminster, Londres), Michel Maffesoli (Centre d’Études sur l’Actuel et le Quotidien/Universidade de Paris V, Sorbonne), Denis McQuail (Universidade de Amesterdão), José Bragança de Miranda (Revista de Comunicação e Linguagens/ Universidade Nova de Lisboa), Vincent Mosco (School of Journalism and Communication, Uni- versidade Carleton, Otava), José Manuel Paquete de Oliveira (ISCTE, Lisboa), Colin Sparks (Centre for Communication and Information Studies, Universidade de Westminster, Londres), Teun van Dijk (Universidade Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona). Conselho Científico Albertino Gonçalves, Alberto Sá, Anabela Carvalho, Aníbal Alves, Felisbela Lopes, Gabriela Gama, Helena Pires, Helena Sousa, Jean Martin Rabot, Joaquim Fidalgo, José Pinheiro Neves, Luís António Santos, Madalena Oliveira, Manuel Pinto, Moisés de Lemos Martins (Presiden- te), Nelson Zagalo, Rosa Cabecinhas, Sandra Marinho, Sara Pereira, Silvana Mota Ribeiro, Teresa Ruão, Zara Pinto Coelho. Conselho De Redacção: Ana Melo, Elsa Costa e Silva, Pedro Portela, Sara Balonas. Coordenação do Volume: Nelson Zagalo e Pedro Branco Design Gráfico: Cláudio Ferreira / Manuel Albino Edição: Comunicação e Sociedade é editada semestralmente (2 números/ano ou 1 número duplo) pelo Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade (CECS), Universidade do Minho. Artigos e Recensões: Os autores que desejem publicar artigos ou recensões devem enviar os originais em formato eletrónico para [email protected]. Ver normas para publicação no final desta revista. URL: www.comunicacao.uminho.pt/cecs/ www.lasics.uminho.pt/ojs/index.php/comsoc Redação e Administração CECS – Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga – Portugal Telefone: (+351) 253 604695 Fax: (+351) 253 604697 Email: [email protected] ISSN: 1645-2089 Depósito legal: 166740/01 Solicita-se permuta. Echange wanted. On prie l’échange. Sollicitamo scambio. Financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, no âmbito do projeto PEst – OE/COM/UI0736/2011. Comunicação e Sociedade, vol. 22, 2012 Índice Nota introdutória A Nova Revolução Criativa 5 Nelson Zagalo e Pedro Branco I. Partilhar para criar 7 Remix It Yourself. A Do It Yourself Ethic 8 Vito Campanelli On the Origin Myths of Creativity, with Special Attention to the Use of Digital Tools in Architectural Work 16 Bjarke Liboriussen Mobile Media – Mobile Creativity? 33 Sonja Ganguin & Anna Hoblitz II. Criatividade em rede 49 Players Imbuing Meaning: Co-creation of Challenges in a prototype MMO 50 Mirjam Palosaari Eladhari Quantifying the Artistic Experience with Perceptive Sketching Tools: Cognitive Technologies to Support Creativity Researchers 76 Nicholas Davis & Ellen Yi-Luen Do Contributo para a discussão sobre um novo conceito de museu através da análise de diversos casos de estudo 96 Daniel Brandão, Heitor Alvelos & Nuno Duarte Martins III. Participação e Comunidades 109 Literacia digital e tecnologias criativas: um estudo qualitativo com crianças dos 10 aos 13 anos a partir do “Ateliê de Formas para Animação” 110 Sara Pereira, Clarisse Pessôa & Patrícia Costa Participação em rede: do utilizador ao “consumidor 2.0” e ao “prosumer” 131 Inês Amaral Da Partilha À Acção Colectiva Dos Cidadãos: O Contributo Dos Novos Media No Apelo À Dádiva De Medula Óssea 148 Nuno Duarte Martins, Heitor Alvelos & Daniel Brandão IV. Novas Narrativas 166 “Eu Também Posso Propagar Histórias”. A Adaptação e as Narrativas Transmediáticas na Era da Participação 167 Marta Noronha e Sousa, Nelson Zagalo & Moisés Martins ¿Espectadores o creadores? El empleo de las tecnologías creativas por los seguidores de las series españolas 184 Carmen Costa-Sánchez & Teresa Piñeiro-Otero V. Leituras 205 Gauntlett, D. (2011) Making is Connecting: The Social Meaning of Creativity, from DIY and Knitting to Youtube and Web 2.0, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. 206 Elisabete Maria Peixoto Ribeiro 3 Comunicação e Sociedade, vol. 22, 2012 Walter Isaacson (2011) Steve Jobs 211 Nelson Zagalo Jonah Lehrer (2012) Imagine: How Creativity Works 215 Nelson Zagalo VI. Resumos/Abstracts 223 4 Comunicação e Sociedade, vol. 22, 2012 Nota introdutória A Nova Revolução Criativa Nelson Zagalo e Pedro Branco 18 de Outubro 2012 Acreditamos que há um novo movimento cultural a ganhar forma. Este movimento está a criar uma “voz” através da qual qualquer um pode expressar e comunicar o que a sua imaginação consegue criar. É uma democratização da inovação e criatividade como nunca antes ocorreu. No centro deste movimento cultural emergente estão as tecnolo- gias digitais que permitem o acesso a ferramentas sofisticadas para a criação de conteú- do rico em media, a partilha de ideias, discussão e distribuição. Desde os primórdios da humanidade que o Homem desenvolve ferramentas de suporte à expressividade: a tinta, objetos para esculpir, ou objetos de produção sonora, por exemplo. Essas e outras tecnologias de suporte à expressividade, que denominados aqui por tecnologias criativas, sempre foram a base para a comunicação humana, para sustentar a auto-realização, para elevar a auto-estima, para aumentar os laços comuni- tários, e assim criar uma sociedade melhor. Analisando os últimos 30 anos, podemos apreciar o desenvolvimento e a conver- gência de uma série de tecnologias que levou a uma explosão do número de pessoas que cria e expressa-se através de meios digitais, levando à criação de enormes quantidades de conteúdos. Existe tanto conteúdo profissional e amador on-line que podemos apren- der quase qualquer coisa apenas pesquisando tutoriais em vídeo, instruções, fóruns de discussão: “alguém tentou; alguém testou; alguém explicou”. As novas tecnologias criativas estão a criar o terreno para o próximo grande movi- mento cultural dando voz aos utilizadores para expressar sentimentos, ideias e visões, transformando e dando forma a tudo o que a imaginação pode gerar. Acreditamos que cada vez mais os utilizadores finais irão projetar, construir e partilhar os seus próprios mundos, e em larga medida contribuir para os diversos futuros tecnológicos. Neste número da revista Comunicação e Sociedade damos um primeiro passo para uma discussão mais aprofundada deste tema. Apresentamos um conjunto de arti- gos versando quatro perspetivas que percorrem as várias dimensões do tema das tecno- logias criativas: Partilhar para Criar, Criatividade em Rede, Participação e Comunidades, Novas Narrativas. A primeira secção, Partilhar para Criar, é dedicada à explicação da inovação enquanto fruto da ideia de remistura de ideias, fenómeno que começou a ser fortemente potenciado com a partilha sem limites que a internet proporciona. A segun- da secção, Criatividade em Rede, vai de encontro ao que é no fundo a espinha dorsal das tecnologias criativas, a internet, pois ela é o garante da distribuição da comunicação de todos para todos, e de que o conhecimento não fica estagnado. Por sua vez a terceira secção, Participação e Comunidade, procura explicar como se movimentam as pessoas, como comunicam, como partilham, como potenciam no fundo o espaço social recriado pela rede. Finalmente a última secção, Novas Narrativas, é dedicada aos novos objetos 5 Comunicação e Sociedade, vol. 22, 2012 em concreto, como se estão a edificar partindo desta nova conceptualização de tecnolo- gias acessíveis a todos e em rede. Este dossier oferece-nos ainda a recensão de três livros recentes, que acreditamos serem do maior interesse para que se possa compreender a raiz do surgimento de uma revolução assente em tecnologia. O primeiro diz respeito ao último livro de David Gaun- tlett, “Making is Connecting” que procura sintetizar a evolução da sociedade em termos criativos a partir do artesanato até ao mundo digital, discutindo como a comunicação é um aspecto central na atividade criativa. Depois “Imagine” de Jonah Lehrer que é um livro significativo pela forma como sintetiza muitas das ideias que circundam o pensa- mento atual em redor da criatividade, mas fá-lo de uma forma muito direta e aplicada, dando exemplos concretos e atualizados dos seus efeitos na indústria tecnológica. Fi- nalmente a biografia de Steve Jobs escrita por Isaacson, não é propriamente um livro de carácter científico, mas serve para iluminar o caminho de um dos mais importantes mentores das atuais tecnologias criativas que existem à disposição de todos. Apesar de ter sido um tecnólogo controverso, foi uma mente brilhante na forma como pensou e desenvolveu o acesso às tecnologias, ou seja a interação humano-computador, para todos, tanto os profissionais como os não profissionais. Esperamos que este pequeno contributo, na forma de dossier especial da Comu- nicação e Sociedade, possa de algum modo contribuir para uma discussão mais apro- fundada da ideia de tecnologias criativas. Esperamos ir de encontro ao sentir de muitos dos que já trabalham neste campo, mas queremos acima de tudo disseminar a ideia
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