3. A. VISHNEVSKY CAMERA REPAIR Publishing House "Light Industry" Mo s k in a —1964 The book describes the structure of the mechanisms of most photographic devices currently produced by the industry. interaction of parts and for each unit and mechanism, a list of inconsistencies that may arise during the operation of cameras is provided The book is designed not only for repairmen, but also for qualified amateur photographers. Along with complex cameras, the repair of which requires a lot of experience and skill, simpler devices are described. and other organizations that use a large number of cameras FOREWORD The traditional optomechanical industry produces a large number of different cameras, ranging from the simplest to the most sophisticated In 1962 alone, about 2,000,000 cameras were produced During the operation of cameras, naturally, various kinds of malfunctions arise that require qualified repair.In most large cities, photo cameras are repaired in warranty workshops of manufacturers' factories However, such workshops are still not enough The author of this book shares his practical experience, as well as the experience of training camera repairmen at the Training Center for the Management of Consumer Services of the iMocrop Executive Committee. The book examines in detail the structure of mechanisms of various cameras, describes in detail the interaction of parts and gives a list of possible malfunctions for each unit and mechanism with indicating ways to eliminate them The book will help novice masters learn how to repair cameras.Photo amateurs will be able to use it to familiarize themselves with the device of their own camera, which will help them to operate it correctly, and, if necessary, to troubleshoot Along with simple cameras, the book for the first time discusses in detail cameras of high complexity This part of the book is designed for photographers who already have practical experience, and will help them improve their skills The kyiga describes in most detail the device of the Zorkiy camera's shutter, since the principle of lei STEP I'm from wow ... awera l can be used in the design of most of the most famous curtain cameras In each subsequent model, the main attention is paid to the modernized units Therefore, when familiarizing yourself with the most advanced devices, it is first recommended to familiarize yourself with the more idle model of this camera The description of cameras according to their design features is divided into four groups, in each group the description is from a simple model to the most complex • l., 3 It should be noted that the repair of the most complex models requires practical training at the manufacturing plant or training under the guidance of an experienced craftsman. However, releasing real book, the publishing house means that, using it, craftsmen will be able to master complex types of repairs in their daily practical work CHAPTER I WORKPLACE, TOOLS, INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES FOR REPAIR AND ADJUSTMENT CAMERAS It is recommended to repair cameras at a special watch workbench. Such a workbench should have a smooth, flat surface and high sides on the tanks and at the back. It is recommended to cover the entire working part of the workbench with thick green paper so as not to tire your eyesight. A small sheet of clean paper is placed in the center of the working part of the table, which is changed as it gets dirty. The floor around the table should be free of cracks or covered with linoleum to make it easier to find parts that have fallen down. The lighting of the workplace depends on the individual needs of the craftsman, however, it is recommended to have a pendant lamp above the table, giving shadowless lighting. Parts filing, drilling and other large locksmithing works are performed at a separate locksmith workbench. When repairing cameras, use a conventional watch tool. Basically, the tool kit should include: Screwdriver set (Fig. 1, a) 5-7 pieces with different blade widths and thicknesses, several tweezers of different profiles, pliers, round nose pliers, regular nippers and side cutters, a set of file files, a hand watch vise, a watch hammer, as well as several brushes and bristle brushes From a measuring tool you must have a caliper with a depth gauge and a micrometer. When repairing cameras, you will also need a number of special keys, which are made as needed. On fig. 1.6 shows special keys of the most common form The special equipment of the photographic workshop includes an autocollimator, which serves to check the correct installation of lenses, and a collimator to check rangefinders. Both autocoll limator and collimator can be made by yourself. Autocollimator (Fig. 2) is a long-focus fast lens 7, in the main focal plane of which the world is installed 4 Between the illuminator 2 and the milky glass is placed 3 Between the tested camera 12 and Figure: 1. Tool and special keys: a - and nstrum: 1 - nippers; 2 - round nose pliers; 3 - pliers; 4 - young current; 5 - hand vise; 6 - tweezers; 7 - otiertky; b - R e c o n d e m e FORM S sp e c i a l n s key: / - key. with replaceable blades: 2 a 3 - keys for unscrewing the rings; 4 - keys for adjusting rangefinders; 5 - universal key made of steel plate autocollimator lens - at an angle of 45 ° there is a semi-transparent mirror 8. The entire autocollimator is assembled in a metal tube (tube) 5 and is mounted on the wall with brackets /. The principle of operation of the autocollimator is as follows: the image of the world 4 illuminated by an illuminator 2 and with the help of objective 7, in the form of a parallel beam of rays projected downward towards the tested camera 12, which the fits on the site eleven objective ten up. Before I start drinking to check the camera, you need to load it with a film and open it behind the door. Image of the world 4 is projected through the lens of the tested camera onto the film loaded in it. After being reflected from the film, the image returns to the semi-transparent mirror and is viewed through the eyepiece nine. If the objective in the tested camera is set exactly to infinity (to the main focal length), then the parallelism of the rays passing through it will not be disturbed, and in the eyepiece nine will be (a clear image of the world 4 Autocollimator alignment is necessary but produce only once, during assembly For this on site eleven instead of the tested camera put a small flat-parallel free mirror with external aluminum (can use mirror from the camera "Amateur") and, looking through the eyepiece nine, advance the lens of the autocollimator 7 in the tube 5 until the image of the world 4 will be the sharpest. In this position, the Fig 2 Autocollimator- collimator lens must be firmly fixed 1 - brackets, 2 - illuminator, 3 - dairy glass, 4 - the world; ' , 5 - tube, 6 - intermediate tu * beads, 7 - lens autocollimation ra 8 - translucent mirror; nine - eyepiece, ten - tested When choosing a lens for an autocolliator, it is desirablelens, 11 that - platform, its focal 12 - pho length be at least 400-500 mm The diameter of the tube is selected depending on the diameterthe camera of the lens The lens is fixed in an intermediate tube 6, which must move freely inside the tube 5. The world 4 manufactured as follows. On a photographic plate size b X 9 cm photographed line or radial 7 the world (Fig. 3) so that it fits on an area of 10 X10 mm in the center of the plate. After development, the plate should be very well fixed. A circle is cut out of the plate along the diameter of the tube; also cut out milk glass along the diameter of the tube. The illuminator has an automobile socket and a 6-8-12 volt light bulb powered by a step-down transformer. It should be easily removable to replace a burnt out lamp. The eyepiece can be made from half of the binoculars. The translucent mirror is made from plane-parallel glass, which is Fig 3 World types: 1 - radial peace, 2 - dashed world called in a special workshop or optical factory. The rest of the autocollimator parts can be made in a mechanical workshop. A collimator for aligning SLR cameras can be assembled in the same way as an autocollimator, in a closed tube, however, it is easier to assemble a collimator on an open board Such a collimator (Fig. 4) consists of an illuminator 1 and a tube 2, in which frosted glass is mounted 3 and peace 4. The illuminator with the tube is mounted on the bracket 11. The tested reflex camera 7 is mounted on the platform 8. Lens 5 (lens) collimator is an achromatic lens, reinforced with a frame 6 and bracket nine on a common board with the illuminator ten. Achromatic lens (or the same focus lens) with a focal length of 400-500 mm installed in such a way that the world 4 was exactly in its main focal plane. There are several ways to adjust the collimator, the simplest of which is that, after removing from the tube 2 cap illuminator 1 and the world 4, consider (from the side of the filmed 8 illuminator) image of a distant object, projected by the lens 5 on frosted glass 3, which, with its matted surface, must face the lens. Distance to observed objects (distant home, antennas, trees) must be at least 500 meters.