3. A. VISHNEVSKY
CAMERA REPAIR
Publishing House "Light Industry"
Mo s k in a —1964 The book describes the structure of the mechanisms of most photographic devices currently produced by the industry. interaction of parts and for each unit and mechanism, a list of inconsistencies that may arise during the operation of cameras is provided
The book is designed not only for repairmen, but also for qualified amateur photographers. Along with complex cameras, the repair of which requires a lot of experience and skill, simpler devices are described. and other organizations that use a large number of cameras FOREWORD
The traditional optomechanical industry produces a large number of different cameras, ranging from the simplest to the most sophisticated In 1962 alone, about 2,000,000 cameras were produced
During the operation of cameras, naturally, various kinds of malfunctions arise that require qualified repair.In most large cities, photo cameras are repaired in warranty workshops of manufacturers' factories However, such workshops are still not enough
The author of this book shares his practical experience, as well as the experience of training camera repairmen at the Training Center for the Management of Consumer Services of the iMocrop Executive Committee. The book examines in detail the structure of mechanisms of various cameras, describes in detail the interaction of parts and gives a list of possible malfunctions for each unit and mechanism with indicating ways to eliminate them The book will help novice masters learn how to repair cameras.Photo amateurs will be able to use it to familiarize themselves with the device of their own camera, which will help them to operate it correctly, and, if necessary, to troubleshoot
Along with simple cameras, the book for the first time discusses in detail cameras of high complexity This part of the book is designed for photographers who already have practical experience, and will help them improve their skills
The kyiga describes in most detail the device of the Zorkiy camera's shutter, since the principle of lei STEP I'm from wow ... awera l can be used in the design of most of the most famous curtain cameras In each subsequent model, the main attention is paid to the modernized units Therefore, when familiarizing yourself with the most advanced devices, it is first recommended to familiarize yourself with the more idle model of this camera
The description of cameras according to their design features is divided into four groups, in each group the description is from a simple model to the most complex
• l., 3 It should be noted that the repair of the most complex models requires practical training at the manufacturing plant or training under the guidance of an experienced craftsman. However, releasing real book, the publishing house means that, using it, craftsmen will be able to master complex types of repairs in their daily practical work CHAPTER I
WORKPLACE, TOOLS, INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES FOR REPAIR AND ADJUSTMENT CAMERAS
It is recommended to repair cameras at a special watch workbench. Such a workbench should have a smooth, flat surface and high sides on the tanks and at the back. It is recommended to cover the entire working part of the workbench with thick green paper so as not to tire your eyesight. A small sheet of clean paper is placed in the center of the working part of the table, which is changed as it gets dirty. The floor around the table should be free of cracks or covered with linoleum to make it easier to find parts that have fallen down. The lighting of the workplace depends on the individual needs of the craftsman, however, it is recommended to have a pendant lamp above the table, giving shadowless lighting.
Parts filing, drilling and other large locksmithing works are performed at a separate locksmith workbench. When repairing cameras, use a conventional watch tool. Basically, the tool kit should include:
Screwdriver set (Fig. 1, a) 5-7 pieces with different blade widths and thicknesses, several tweezers of different profiles, pliers, round nose pliers, regular nippers and side cutters, a set of file files, a hand watch vise, a watch hammer, as well as several brushes and bristle brushes From a measuring tool you must have a caliper with a depth gauge and a micrometer. When repairing cameras, you will also need a number of special keys, which are made as needed.
On fig. 1.6 shows special keys of the most common form
The special equipment of the photographic workshop includes an autocollimator, which serves to check the correct installation of lenses, and a collimator to check rangefinders. Both autocoll limator and collimator can be made by yourself.
Autocollimator (Fig. 2) is a long-focus fast lens 7, in the main focal plane of which the world is installed 4 Between the illuminator 2 and the milky glass is placed 3 Between the tested camera 12 and Figure: 1. Tool and special keys: a - and nstrum: 1 - nippers; 2 - round nose pliers; 3 - pliers; 4 - young current; 5 - hand vise; 6 - tweezers; 7 - otiertky; b - R e c o n d e m e FORM S sp e c i a l n s key: / - key. with replaceable blades: 2 a 3 - keys for unscrewing the rings; 4 - keys for adjusting rangefinders; 5 - universal key made of steel plate autocollimator lens - at an angle of 45 ° there is a semi-transparent mirror 8. The entire autocollimator is assembled in a metal tube (tube) 5 and is mounted on the wall with brackets /. The principle of operation of the autocollimator is as follows: the image of the world 4 illuminated by an illuminator 2 and with the help of objective 7, in the form of a parallel beam of rays projected downward towards the tested camera 12, which the fits on the site eleven objective ten up. Before I start drinking to check the camera, you need to load it with a film and open it behind the door. Image of the world 4 is projected through the lens of the tested camera onto the film loaded in it. After being reflected from the film, the image returns to the semi-transparent mirror and is viewed through the eyepiece nine.
If the objective in the tested camera is set exactly to infinity (to the main focal length), then the parallelism of the rays passing through it will not be disturbed, and in the eyepiece nine will be (a clear image of the world 4
Autocollimator alignment is necessary but produce only once, during assembly For this on site eleven instead of the tested camera put a small flat-parallel free mirror with external aluminum (can use mirror from the camera "Amateur") and, looking through the eyepiece nine, advance the lens of the autocollimator 7 in the tube 5 until the image of the world 4 will be the sharpest. In this position, the Fig 2 Autocollimator- collimator lens must be firmly fixed 1 - brackets, 2 - illuminator, 3 - dairy glass, 4 - the world; ' , 5 - tube, 6 - intermediate tu * beads, 7 - lens autocollimation ra 8 - translucent mirror; nine - eyepiece, ten - tested When choosing a lens for an autocolliator, it is desirablelens, 11 that - platform, its focal 12 - pho length be at least 400-500 mm The diameter of the tube is selected depending on the diameterthe camera of the lens The lens is fixed in an intermediate tube 6, which must move freely inside the tube 5.
The world 4 manufactured as follows. On a photographic plate size b X 9 cm photographed line or radial
7 the world (Fig. 3) so that it fits on an area of 10 X10 mm in the center of the plate. After development, the plate should be very well fixed. A circle is cut out of the plate along the diameter of the tube; also cut out milk glass along the diameter of the tube. The illuminator has an automobile socket and a 6-8-12 volt light bulb powered by a step-down transformer. It should be easily removable to replace a burnt out lamp. The eyepiece can be made from half of the binoculars. The translucent mirror is made from plane-parallel glass, which is
Fig 3 World types: 1 - radial peace, 2 - dashed world
called in a special workshop or optical factory. The rest of the autocollimator parts can be made in a mechanical workshop.
A collimator for aligning SLR cameras can be assembled in the same way as an autocollimator, in a closed tube, however, it is easier to assemble a collimator on an open board Such a collimator (Fig. 4) consists of an illuminator 1 and a tube 2, in which frosted glass is mounted 3 and peace 4. The illuminator with the tube is mounted on the bracket 11. The tested reflex camera 7 is mounted on the platform 8. Lens 5
(lens) collimator is an achromatic lens, reinforced with a frame 6 and bracket nine on a common board with the illuminator ten. Achromatic lens (or the same focus lens) with a focal length of 400-500 mm installed in such a way that the world 4 was exactly in its main focal plane.
There are several ways to adjust the collimator, the simplest of which is that, after removing from the tube 2 cap illuminator 1 and the world 4, consider (from the side of the filmed
8 illuminator) image of a distant object, projected by the lens 5 on frosted glass 3, which, with its matted surface, must face the lens. Distance to observed objects (distant home,
antennas, trees) must be at least 500 meters. Moving the bracket 9 on which the lens is fixed along the board, the sharpest image of the observed object is achieved and in this position the bracket is firmly fixed on the board. For such a collimator, a radial mir is preferable, which should occupy the entire area of the tube 2. The mir is manufactured in the same way as
Fig 4 Collimator for aligning SLR cameras and rangefinders one - illuminator 2 - tube, 3 - frosted glass, 4 - radial peace, 5 - collimator lens (lens) 6 - frame 7 - tested camera, 8 - platform, nine
and 11— brackets ten - pay
for autocollimator. Particular attention should be paid to setting the target, which should adhere tightly to the frosted surface of the frosted glass as an emulsion layer. All other details of the collimator can have any design solution.
If the lens diameter 5 will be equal to 60-70 mm, then on the collimator you can check not only SLR cameras, but also the alignment of rangefinders.
To set the correct focal lengths of the lenses, it is necessary to make a quotation device. Figure 5 shows a general view of such a quotation device with a test objective 1 installed in it. Rotating tube 2 set using a depth gauge indicator to the depth of the working segment (28.8 mm) test lens, and in this position the vernier ring 4 its zero mark is fixed opposite the index 3 locking
screw 5. Then the test objective is screwed in and through the magnifier 7 examine the image projected by the objective onto the matte glass located (inside the device. 2, achieve the best visibility of the
nine distant subject. According to the testimony of the vernier on the ring 4 determine the size of the correction that needs to be introduced into the lens to install in it accurate working line segment
Fig 5. Adapted for lens alignment; 1 - tested lens, 2 - rotating tube, 3 - index: 4 - ring with vernier, 5 - locking screw, 6 - magnifying glass frame, 7 - magnifier
In fig. 6 shows a drawing of the setup. When assembling such a device, the mating threads (44X 1)> are lubricated with a very thick grease, since in this version the locking screw is not provided. If vernier ring
Fig 6 Working drawing of the quotation fixture 1-vernier ring, 2 - inner tube, 3-outer tube split into 100 divisions (+50 and -50), then with a thread pitch of 1 mm each division will be 0.01 mm, and when calculating the correction, you will not have to use the depth indicator. The round frosted glass is glued with the frosted surface towards the test objective, as shown in Fig. 6.
In more detail the rules and methods of using the quotation equipment are set out in the description of the repair of cameras. CHAPTER II
CAMERA CAMERAS WITH CENTRAL VALVES
IN in this chapter, cameras equipped with central shutters are combined into one group. These cameras have a number of advantages, the main of which are:
1) no image distortion; 2) uniform illumination of the frame; 3) the ability to work at low temperatures; 4) the ability to use all shutter speeds at shooting with electronic flash lamps. These advantages have made cameras with central shutters very popular. The most widespread cameras in this group include: "Amateur", "Smena" and "Moscow" of all models.
I. CAMERAS "AMATEUR" AND "AMATEUR-2"
The “Lyubitel-2” camera is a two-lens reflex camera of a rigid design, designed for the use of a 6-cm roller film. One charge of the 'film allows to take 12 pictures of bxb size cm with subsequent recharge in the light. High-aperture coated optics, a central shutter with a self-timer and synchro device, a viewfinder with frosted glass focusing make the Lyubitel-2 camera universal and convenient for amateur photographers. The “Lyubitel” camera differs from the “Lyubitel-2” camera only by the absence of an autosplayer and synchro device.
In fig. 7 shows a general view of the camera "Amateur-2".
MAIN UNITS AND MECHANISMS
Housing
All parts and assemblies of the camera are mounted on the body In the side wall of the body there is a recess for snoring light filters with a cover twenty. The cover is opened by turning around its axis.
eleven The rear corner cover is connected to the camera body with a pin through the hinge holes. This cover has a viewing window eighteen, protected by a red light filter, and a light shield with a head 19. Through the viewing window, observe the serial number of the shot being taken, printed by number 1 on the light-protective leader of the film. On the bottom of the lid
Fig. 7 Camera "Amateur-2" a - front view, 6 - back view 1 - sync contact, 2 - winding self-timer lever, 3— aperture lever - 4 - shutter adjusting ring lead, 5 - cable slot, 6 - shutter release lever, 7 - photo lens, 8 - winding shutter lever, nine - viewfinder lens
w - a shield with a factory mark. 11 - front frame, 12 - light shields / 3 - shaft base, 14 - water finder cover lock, 15 - head rewind films, 16 - take-up reel, 17 - spring locks cover camera- 18 - viewing window, 19 - sight glass damper head twenty - recess cover storage for light filters, 21 - spool holder foot there is a tripod socket. There are two spring locks on the top of the cover 17, fixing it in the closed 'position. On the inner side of the cover there is a pressure table that aligns the film in front of the frame. The film rewind head is located on the side wall of the camera body 15 with a key that goes into the slot of the take-up spool 16. On the axis of the film rewind head 15 there is a spiral brake spring on, which ensures the rotation of the head in the direction of rewinding the film, In the center of the recess on the camera body, into which the film spool is placed, there is a flat brake spring
12 film, which provides the tension of the film during rewinding - The take-up spool is removed from the recess in the camera body using the foot 21. The shot is limited by a frame, which has two rotating rollers in the direction of film movement, which prevent the film from scratching at the bends.
Viewfinders
The camera "Lyubitel-2". Has a frame and optical excavators. The frame viewfinder is formed by the details of the viewing shaft. It consists of a front frame 11 and back frame. To protect against side light, light protective screen ki 12. In the closed position, the front bezel is held castle 14. Mirrored viewfinder. Optical design of a mirror viewfinder camera "Amateur-2" shown on fig. 8. It consists of a setting magnifier 1, a collective lens 2 sec frosted circle, mirrors 6 and viewfinder lens 5. When working with a setting magnifier 1, remove it with a finger from the shield and set it in
horizontal position. On the collective lens 2 the image projected by the object is considered viewfinder lens 5, and reflected by the mirror 6. Lens viewfinder is achromati Fig. 8 Optical scheme of a mirror viewfinder 1: 2.8 aperture lens with increased one - installation magnifier, 2 - collective sensitivity to lens viewfinder, 3 - camera roll. 4 - photo lens, 5 - viewfinder lens body; 6 - mirror setting for sharpness. Focusing the image on the mato The first circle of the collective lens and on the film occurs simultaneously, since both objectives are connected to each other by serrated frames.
The photographic lens (Fig. 7) is a three-lens coated T-22 anastigmat 7 with a focal length
13 standing 75 mm and a relative aperture of 1: 4.5. In terms of aperture and sharpness, it provides high quality images.
The lens is mounted in the shutter body. The middle and rear lenses of the objective are stationary, while the front rotates in a worm-shaped frame and moves relative to the fixed lenses, which provides focusing.
Gate Central shutter camera "Amateur-2" has five automatic exposures: 1/10, 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, 1/200 sec, and you hold by hand B. The shutter is equipped with an auto-play that has a tive course 7-12 sec. The self-timer is started by turning winding lever until it stops, a descent - descent lever shutter. Frequency section z and in about r a. Despite the fact that the shutter is one of the most complex mechanisms of photographic parat, disassemble it and fix most of the faults it is possible not to remove it from the camera body. Such incomplete disassembly (hereinafter referred to as "partial disassembly"), subject to
corresponding rights fork allows you to repair shutter without subsequent lens Fig, 9. Shutter with front removed alignment. Before disassembling the lens shutter, attach the camera lenses to
are drawn to "infinity", and through three mating parts, a line is drawn with a pencil so that it marks their correct position when set to "infinity". The line should go over the viewfinder and lens mounts (where the gear mounts engage) and down onto the front lens mount. After marking, remove the gear lens mount, having previously released the three locking screws on it. When unscrewing the lens, you need to make another mark on the protective shutter ring opposite the mark made on the lens mount, which would correspond to the moment when the worm-gear lens barrel exited the tube. The shutter with the front lens removed is shown in Figure 9.
To gain access to the shutter mechanisms, you need to remove the protective ring from it 2, having previously deployed the lock-ex-
14 centric 3 the cut on it towards the base of the shutter 1, and then unfold the protective ring 2 so that the three projections on the ring line up with the notches on the base of the valve. The shutter speed control ring can be freely removed from the shutter tube. Having disassembled the shutter in this way, it is possible to direct the shape of the levers in it, repair the self-timer and deceleration mechanism, install and adjust the springs, and also eliminate a number of other minor shutter malfunctions. Shutter malfunctions associated with repairing the aperture or correcting the shutter blades require complete disassembly for the shutter.
FULL R a z b about r k a z and t in o r. In order to completely disassemble the shutter, it must be removed from the camera by unscrewing the fastening nut from the inside of the case, and then carry out all operations related to partial disassembly. Then remove the outer valve body with the diaphragm installed in it.To do this, unscrew three screws from the rear side of the valve body.
In fig. 10.6 shows the rear side of the shutter base, where two petals are removed for clarity. Based on the shutter 33 three screws thirty and washers 31 reinforced ring-curtain 32. Screws thirty are simultaneously the axes of the petals 27. There are three slots on the ring-link 34, which includes pins 28 le pestkov. Shutter petals 27 sit freely on the axles (screws) 39 and when the base of the shutter is tilted, they themselves fall off. By unscrewing these screws, remove the yoke ring 32, after which there are no removable parts on the inside of the base of the shutter. In fig. 10, a shows the assemblies and mechanisms of the shutter to be disassembled. Self-timer is removed first 24. To do this, remove the spring from the stop1 23 self-timer. Self-timer sits freely on the axis 22. When removing the self-timer, press the release lever 2
shutter, which in turn pulls aside the self-timer trigger, preventing its removal. Then the deceleration mechanism is removed, reinforced with screws. eleven and 17. During further disassembly, the main attention should be paid to the location of the springs. Each of the springs to be removed is hooked at one end, which has a hook, to the part to be removed, and by the other, free end, is wound over the tube of the valve base or behind some post, which in each case must be remembered. Unscrewing the screw 7, remove the winding lever 6 with mainspring; unscrewing the screw 4, remove the three-arm lever 3 with a spring; unscrewing the screw 5, remove the trigger 2 with spring; from screw screw 19, remove the 'movable contact 20 of the synchro device. The spring of the movable contact remains on the groove of the axis of the movable contact. After disassembly, two removable parts remain on the base of the shutter, which cannot be removed in good condition: self-timer hook with (spring and unscrewing axis of the movable contact, which is pressed against the body of the shoulder spring nine trigger lever 6,
15 Figure: 1O. Shutter device: a - shutter mechanisms; b - back side for creation 1 - emphasis; 2 - trigger lever arm; 3 - three-armed lever arm; 4, 5, 7.11, 17 and 19 - screws; 6 - winding lever; 8 - bent end; nine - swinging shoulder, ten - movable emphasis; 12 - toothed sector; 13 - pin; 14 - anchor gear; 15 - anchor plug; 16 - fee; eighteen - screw-ex centric: twenty - contact; 21 - antennae; 22 - axis; 23 - spring; 24 - self-timer; r 25 - case; 26 - cutout; 27 - petals, 28 - pin; 29 - antennae; thirty - screw-axis; 31 -washer; 32 - ring-curtain; 33 - base; 34 - slot
16 Assembly, regu lation and in and in and mo odestvov and e of parts of the device. Before assembling the shutter, it is necessary to make sure that the shutter base is working properly, for which with tweezers (check each axis to see if it is swinging. If any of the axes swing, it is riveted more tightly to the shutter base. Putting the shutter base on a flat plate , check (by the gap between the gate base and the plate) whether there are any deflections on it.If the gate base is bent, it is straightened on the same plate, but very carefully, since it is cast from a brittle aluminum alloy.
The assembly of the shutter begins with setting the backstage ring 32, which is placed in the annular groove on the base of the bolt 33 so that the tendrils carved into the ring-link for engaging with the self-release and the trigger lever fall into the corresponding holes on the base of the bolt. Then the washer is installed alternately 31, with which a fox ring is fixed on the base of the shutter, and tightened with screws thirty. Please note that the screw thirty
should be longer than two other similar screws and, when screwed in, protrude from the outside of the valve base. The movement of the backstage ring must be free. If it is difficult, it is necessary to remove and align the yoke ring. Then the shutter petals are placed on the ring-rocker so that the hole of each petal is put on the screw-axis thirty, and the pin of each petal entered the hole 34 on the curtain ring. Sliding on the outer valve body 25 on the base of the shutter, you must not make sharp movements so as not to budge the petals that are freely lying on it. The three screws holding the valve body to the base must be tightened securely. After such a preliminary assembly, the ease of movement of the petals is checked, for which tweezers are told a ring-curtain behind any antenna protruding from the holes in the base of the shutter. After making sure that the petals open and close freely, install the spring for closing the petals in place, for which one end is wound up behind the groove on the adjusting eccentric screw eighteen, and the other - for the end of the screw protruding from the base thirty. The force of this spring should provide a sharp closing of the shutter blades. If, after assembly, a hole remains in the center between the shutter blades, then by turning the adjusting eccentric screw eighteen, achieve full
overlapping petals. Swing arm cutout designed for automatic petal opening nine winding lever 6, which, at the moment the winding lever is actuated, grasps the tendril of the curtain ring and moves it. Together with the tendril, the ring-curtain turns, which opens the shutter petals. Replacing the winding lever 6 with the mainspring and securing it with a screw 7, on the swinging shoulder nine a spring is thrown over, pressing it against the antenna of the ring-curtain. After installing the winding lever, it is easy to understand the interaction of the swinging arm nine with a drawstring ring. By pulling the wind-up lever all the way and slowly releasing it, you can see the swinging shoulder of the wind-up
2 Zak. 680 17 of the lever with its notch captures the tendril of the backstage ring and opens the shutter petals. After the bolt blades have fully opened, the tendril of the slide ring is released from the cutout in the swinging arm of the winding lever, and the slide ring, under the action of a spring, closes the slide ring. Trigger lever 2 serves to hold the winding lever in the wound position. When setting the trigger, make sure that the spring of the trigger is not caught between the post and the trigger. After the winding and release levers are set at the factory and the shutter is released, the shutter speed it will operate should be equal to one/ 2oo sec. After starting and releasing the bolt several times, make sure that all the installed parts are working correctly. A slowdown mechanism is used to create shutter speeds of different lengths. It consists of a board 16, on the axes of which the toothed sector is reinforced with the help of annular locking springs 12, anchor gear 14 and anchor plug 15. The toothed sector meshes with an anchor gear, which is braked by an anchor fork. The toothed sector has a spring, which, after the shutter is actuated, returns it to its original position. Movable stop ten when the valve is wound, it is retracted to the side with the end bent up 8 winding lever, and at the moment of triggering it retards the winding lever, being in its path. While the clockwork lever with a bent end 8 will not move the toothed sector to the side 12,
the shutter remains open. The duration of the holding depends on the time it takes to move the sector of the deceleration mechanism to the side Diameter of the holes in the board 16 the retarding mechanism is larger than the diameter of the screws securing it. When installing the deceleration mechanism, due to the gap formed between the holes in the deceleration mechanism and the fixing screws, the total length of the shutter speeds is adjusted. If, by loosening the screws eleven and 17, move the deceleration mechanism in the direction of the water lever and fix it in this position, then the toothed sector will move to the maximum angle when the shutter is triggered, and the braking time will be the longest. From driving and fixing the deceleration mechanism in the opposite direction, the braking time is somewhat reduced. After installing the deceleration mechanism, the shutter works out the slowest shutter speed - 1/10 sec. If, holding the pin with your hand 13, from leading the toothed sector to the shutter body until it stops, then the shutter works from the shortest shutter speed - 1 / 2oo sec Hence,. about the angle to which the toothed sector is retracted at the moment of the shutter actuation, the exposure value depends. The further the toothed sector is moved from the center to the edge of the shutter (using the shutter speed adjustment ring), the less it slows down the release lever and the faster the shutter speed is.
The toothed sector is set to the preset position using the stepped cutout on the shutter speed adjusting ring, to make sure that the deceleration mechanism is set correctly
eighteen RILNO, a shutter speed ring is put on the shutter to check shutter speeds from 1/10 to 1/200 sec, alternately placing the pin 13 deceleration mechanism for each next step of the hemp. In this position, check all the shutter speeds, with the exception of the shutter speed "by hand" —B, since the three-arm lever providing this shutter speed has not yet been installed.
Three-arm lever 3 reinforced with a special screw 4 with a ledge Before installing the three-arm lever, a spring is put on the axle, which, with its free end, is placed on the bolt body, and hooked into the cutout on the three-arm lever. After installing the three lever arms, the operation of the shutter is checked at the shutter speed B. One arm of this lever should, at the moment the shutter is actuated, block the path of the protrusion on the winding lever 6 and stop it in the position where the shutter blades are fully open. If the winding lever does not linger and the exposure B does not take place. it is necessary to bend the end of the three-armed lever towards the release lever, and if this does not help, bend the end of the “one lever” (with which it rests against the three-armed lever) towards the approach to the three-armed lever.
Moving contact twenty the synchro device is installed so that its bent down end enters between the adjusting screw eighteen and a spring that closes the shutter blades. Fixing the movable contact with a screw 19 and bending it in the appropriate direction, adjust the closing moment Closing should occur exactly at the moment of full opening of the shutter blades.
Self-timer Self-timer (Fig. 11) is assembled between two boards. It consists of a toothed sector 5, with a winder 7 and two pins 4 and 6 Pin 6 stops the self-timer at the extreme position. The auto-escapement mainspring is put on it. Pin 4 limits the extreme lowered position. Using gears 3 and 8 sector movement 5 transmitted to the anchor gear nine, which is braked by an anchor fork 2. Inside the gear 3 a one-way roller clutch is installed, which at the moment of the self-timer starts the sector 5 sec gear 3, and the anchor mechanism does not interfere with the escapement plant.
When assembling the shutter, the self-timer is installed on the axis of the base (the shutter, after which the safety spring is put on. In the wound position, the self-timer is held by the trigger, and its anchor-yoke is pressed against the tube of the shutter base. When you press the shutter release lever, the latter with its sharp end resets the self-timer trigger, and the self-timer is pushed away from the tube at the base of the stem by the action of the mainspring, the fork is released and the self-timer begins to spin.At the moment the shutter is released, the winding lever slightly moves from its place, but the shutter does not work, since the tendril
2 * 19 the backstage ring rests against sector 5 of the self-timer. After 7-12 sec the slot in the auto-start sector turns out to be opposite the tendril of the backstage ring, and the shutter is activated. If the self-timer immediately
Fig, 11. Self-timer: / - ledge; 2 - anchor fork; 3 and S - gears; 4 and 6 - pins; 5 - toothed sector; 7 - auto winding lever descent; nine - anchor gear
begins to unwind, this means that the truss fork is not pressed against the tube of the bolt base. By tilting the tab 1 on the self-timer plate, the problem can be easily remedied.
Figure: 12. Self-timer: / - toothed sector; 2, 4 and 6 - gears; 3 - videos; 5 - overhead ka; 7 - anchor fork; 8 and 10 - boards; nine - screws
In fig. 12 shows a disassembled self-timer. The most difficult part is the roller clutch, which must be absolutely clean. Contamination or oil ingress will damage the roller clutch. The clutch consists of overlay
twenty ki 5 with eccentric cams i gears 4, which has a head and is the clutch housing. Videos 3 serve to jam the clutch.
The clutch acts as follows. At the auto-descent plant, the rollers do not interfere with the plant, as they are thrown into the widened corners of the wedge-shaped projections on the cams on the masonry. At the moment of releasing the self-timer winding lever, the lining with cams reverses, and the rollers become wedged between the clutch housing (gear 4) and lining cams. If the clutch is dirty or oil has fallen into it, the rollers stick to the wide part of the wedge-shaped protrusions on the cams and do not jam, which is why the self-timer immediately returns under the action of the mainspring. To fix the self-timer, you need to disassemble it, rinse all the parts in gasoline, and then wipe the rollers with tissue paper. You also need to carefully wipe the cams and the groove of the gear 4. To assemble the roller clutch, you need to lay the rollers on the pad between the cams, and then carefully put the gear on it 4.
After that, the assembled clutch is taken with tweezers so that one side of the tweezers holds the gear, and the other is an overlay, and turn it upside down - In this position, the clutch does not crumble. Further assembly of the self-timer does not cause any difficulties.
By setting the shutter speed dial, necessary take care not to pinch the bent up end of the three-arm lever, as well as the pin of the sector of the retarding mechanism. Having installed and secured the protective ring with an eccentric lock ,. again check the operation of the shutter at all exposures. Having installed the assembled shutter on the camera body, focus the lens.
Table 1 Shutter malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
When triggered, me 1. The spring has come off, Install on a place- shutter khanizm lepe pressing the drain does not open shaking jumped off spring curling shoulder nine clockwork Fix profile lever 6 ( fig. ten, a) springs so so that she I shake tightly curling shoulder clockwork lever 2, Wrong time Straighten and unfold will return or bent the tendril of the whip the tendril of the backstage backstage ring, grips ring - so that it is captured by the swing swinging shoulder winding shoulder crank lever lever
21 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
3 The force of the spring is not Remove the winding lever enough to press and loosen the rivet on which the winding lever to the tendril of the swing rotates stage ring, as clockwork shoulder mobility lever swinging shoulder nine behind the water lever 6 ( phns 10, a)
4 Broke tendril on Completely disassemble ring backstage and plant shutter and replace the ring-yoke, or the noise lever is triggered solder idle antennae with copper (or silver) solder
After triggering 1 The spring has come off, Install on a place shutter petals osta closing petals jumped off spring open or incompletely closed after correcting her profile (shape) 2 Due to the strong Completely disassemble blow sagged gate, process on shutter engagement plate gate base and the rocker ring, and then the shutter to assemble and adjust
The shutter does not release 1 Not works, or Partially disassembling the zat 30 ends, petals remain incorrectly set open thief, remove and fix the mechanism deceleration mechanism deceleration By setting mechanism deceleration on a place need to pay attention so that when the shutter is released cog th sector mechanism slowdown did not resist into the valve body 2 Three-shoulders are not retracted Bend your shoulder three- lever arm 3 (rns of the shoulder lever so that the trigger 10, a) lever moves this shoulder to the side
3 Isolated con Replace the internal insulator tact synchro devices trenny isolated pushed inside the shutter contact or leave pa and blocks the path of the moving old in place, but press the synchrocon contact twenty sleeve (Figure 10, a) tact
4 None gap Fix profile between the tendril 21 ( rice tendril 21 ( Figure 10) and the end of 10) and sector auto the trigger descent, wherefore lever so that it grasps the winding lever self-timer tendril 21 captured at the extreme point of the plant sector self-timer and bends
* 22 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
When instituted for The end of the spoo is unbent Bend the end down between the petals of the control lever, hold the hole wow lever so that platoon for he captured groovy water lever lever at the moment of full shutter winding
August release triggering Inadequate gap Peel back the tendril 21 { rice no, and the shutter remains on between the tendril 21 ( rice ten) So, so that at platoon and does not fire 10) and auto sector when the shutter is released (with the descent self-timer activated) one lever arm slightly- moved from its place and was not captured again lever arm
During operation, auto- Large gap between Reduce the gap between list between the petal-antenna 21 ( rice 10) and doo mustache 21 ( Figure 10) and - by mi shutter formed by the self-timer the self-timer, barely hole so that the previous failure does not occur correctness
After factory auto- Uncorrected or for- Extract autostart of the release immediately returns - the roller frame is dirty - to the initial position shutter Dismantle and clean the roller self-timer freak zion
Self-timer not fixie Auto anchor fork Bend stop 1 run in the run down not enough (Figure 11) so that the anchor and begins to press against tube fork 2 auto bot before pressure on the base of the shutter descent pressed against that bead and release lever stopped the car descent in running position
Diaphragm
The diaphragm assembled in the shutter body is shown in fig. 13 It has eight petals. Each petal enters with one pin into the hole of the valve body, and with the other into the slot (slot) of the spline ring 3 The slotted ring is connected with two screws to the ring located on the outside of the valve body. The main malfunction of the diaphragm is the scattering of the petals. 5, caused by loosening of the fixing screws
2 and 6 or falling out of the pins from the petals. All diaphragm faults require complete disassembly.
If the pin falls out, it is easy to make from brass wire (or screw) of the appropriate thickness. Main labor when repairing any diaphragm, its assembly is considered, however, the experience of assembling several diaphragms makes it possible to work out the corresponding
23 skills. To disassemble the diaphragm for repair, it is enough to unscrew the screws 2 and 6 and remove the spline ring 3, after which the aperture blades disintegrate themselves. The diaphragm is assembled in the shutter body.
It is most convenient to assemble the diaphragm directly on the shutter body. To do this, each petal is alternately inserted with a long pin into the hole in the valve body. The petals are laid so that each next petal is located in a circle
and was, as it were, a continuation of the previous one. The first five petals stack It is easy, since you can see the holes in the housing, into which the pins should enter. The rest of the pins have to be blindly inserted into the holes in the housing. To do this, holding laid
petals with a screwdriver or by hand, slide under the last folded petal
next and promote it under the petals until the distance between the free pin lifestyles the folded petal and the free pins of the already laid petals will not be the Figure: 13. Shutter body with aperture: same. At this moment, place the long 1 - case; 2 and 6 - screws: 3 - splined ring; 4 - aperture pin indicator; 5 - le pestles my petal should be opposite the hole
in the building and enter it. After laying all eight petals, they are carefully corrected with tweezers so that the distances between the free pins are the same everywhere. Then a slotted ring is applied to the petals, while the holes for the screws should be located at the edge of the cutout in the valve body. If the holes for the slotted ring screws are positioned opposite the arc slots in the valve body and the ring is rotated counterclockwise, then the ring must be installed at the moment when the screw holes come to the bridge, which corresponds to the full opening of the diaphragm. In this position, the spline ring should be lowered onto the diaphragm blades, making sure that each pin of the blade fits into the slots on the ring. If several pins do not fall into the splines of the ring, then they are guided into the slot using a screwdriver.
Pressing the spline ring with your hand against the aperture blades, determine the correct position of the outer ring with the pointer
24 the diaphragm, into which the screws securing the slotted ring should enter. Since the diaphragm is assembled with the blades fully open, the pointer 4 the diaphragm should be opposite the 4.5 mark. In this position, the spline ring is fixed. If the aperture index moves freely along all the numeric marks engraved on the shutter body, then the diaphragm is assembled correctly.
LENS ADJUSTMENT
Before proceeding with the alignment of the viewfinder lens, you must make sure that the viewfinder collective lens and mirror are well secured and do not swing. The viewfinder lens is mounted in a worm frame with a locking screw, by releasing which you can rotate the viewfinder lens, shifting it to the desired side. The worm-gear frame of the viewfinder lens has the ability to rotate from the stop marked "infinity" to the stop with the mark 1 m twenty cm ( minimum distance for vodka). Having set the worm mount to the extreme position corresponding to “infinity”, and having previously loosened the viewfinder lens stopper, observe the collimator (or, if it is absent, on an object at a distance of 100-200 m) behind the image on the matte mug.
Figure: 14. Magnifier with matte glass: Attaching the viewfinder lens 1 - magnifier; 2 - frame; 3 - ma to about focus, with one hand hold the worm gear at the mark howling glass
“Infinity”, and the other rotate the viewfinder lens until you get maximum sharpness. After focusing the viewfinder lens, it is fixed with locking screws, being careful not to disturb the relative position of the worm gear and the lens.
The shot is set to focus in the same way as the viewfinder lens. Aiming is carried out on frosted glass, laid on the guides of the frame, with the shutter and aperture open, with the back cover of the camera removed. When placing the frosted glass on the guides of the frame, you need to make sure that it does not lie on the rotating rollers, as they are located above the guides of the frame. To make it easier to focus the lens, it is recommended to use a magnifier glued to the frosted glass (Fig. 14), then both the frosted glass and the magnifying glass can be held alone
25 hand and the other to focus the lens. After both lenses are in “infinity” focus, a gear barrel is attached to the shooting lens, engaging it with the gear barrel of the viewfinder lens. In this case, make sure that the frame of the viewfinder lens is at the “infinity” mark, and the shooting lens does not budge when engaging. If these requirements can be met, then the toothed frame is secured with three stoppers. After installing the tooth frame of the shooting lens, check the correctness
- mating of both gear frames. If there is a large backlash between the teeth or, conversely, the engagement is very deep, and the frames rotate tightly, then by placing a screwdriver between the recess in the camera body and the shutter and acting as a lever, you can move the entire shutter in one direction or another, thus achieving smooth rotation of the frames of both lenses.
2. ' CAMERA "SPUTNIK"
The Sputnik camera is a stereoscopic SLR camera designed for the use of 6-centimeter film. In fig. 15, a shows the external details of the Sputnik camera. Head 1 with an axis holds the film spool. When recharging the camera, the head is pulled upwards and the coil is released. Mine 2 viewfinder has the same device as in the camera "Amateur".
Ob ek t and in 3 viewfinder is meshed with its cogwheel frame simultaneously with two cogwheel frames 5 and 8 shooting lenses 6 and nine.
The corpus from the Sputnik camera is a dual Amateur camera with one common viewfinder. In fig. 15.6 corner covers visible ten and 13, on the inner side of which there are pressure tables 14. There is a viewing window on the left corner cover 16, which is closed by the head 17 light protection shutter. On the right angular lid 13 there is a lock 15, holding both covers closed. There are rollers at the corners of the body 12, protecting the film from scratching when bending around the case. The purpose and arrangement of the parts of the transporting mechanism is the same as in the “Lyubitel” camera.
Coupled shutters and apertures
The device and interaction of the shutter assemblies of the Sputnik camera differs little from the device of the Amateur camera's shutter. In fig. 16 shows the closures with the strips removed. All mechanisms are concentrated in the left shutter, in the right shutter only a ring-rocker with petals and a synchro-device are left. The spring is also stored in the right gate, closed
26 Figure: 15. Camera "Sputnik": one - front view; 6 - back view: / - head for fixing the film roll; 2 - mine; 3 - view finder lens; 4 - rewind head films; 5 and 8 - gear rims lenses; 6 and 9 - shooting lenses; 7 - connecting lever arm diaphragms; ten and 13 - rear corner covers; 11 - clamping nut for the screw; 12 - rollers; 14 - close table; 15 - aamok; 16 - observation window; 17 - light shield head lobes, which is on the same axis with the moving contact of the synchro device. The winding and release of both gates is performed on the left gate. When the left shutter is actuated, the movement of the rocker ring of the left shutter is transmitted (using the rocker one, fixed on the tide of the body with a screw 2) on the ring-rocker of the right shutter. The petals of both bolts are opened by the action of the left bolt mainspring. Each shutter blade closes independently, but the right shutter cannot close before the left.
Figure: 16 Coupled gates
Disassembly, assembly and repair of the shutter mechanisms are the same as in the "Amateur" camera. Exceptions are malfunctions caused by malfunction of rocker arm 1, but they are so simple that there is no need to describe them in detail. If during the repair any shutter was removed from the camera body, then after its installation the diaphragm adjustment will be required.
Yus t and r about in and d and a f r and m is performed by eye and is reduced to achieving the same relative aperture of both coupled diaphragms. It is best to install both diaphragms at the minimum relative aperture. If, after loosening the adjusting screw 3, connecting both levers of the diaphragms, it is not possible to achieve the same size of the diaphragm holes, then you need to release the clamping ring and slightly unfold the shutter. Having achieved the same size of the effective holes of both diaphragms, tighten the clamping ring and the screw 3 The focusing of the lenses in the Sputnik camera is carried out in the same sequence as in the Lyubitel camera, with the only difference that, having set the viewfinder lens to focus, it is alternately coupled with each shooting lens.
28 3. CAMERAS "MOSCOW-2" AND "MOSCOW-4"
Cameras "Moskva-2" and "Moskva-4" differ from each other only by the presence of a synchro-device and an additional window on the back wall, with the help of which the camera "Moskva-4" can take pictures size 6 X 6 cm. Due with this, the viewfinder of the “Moscow-4” camera has an additional frame that limits the size of the observed frame. When shooting at 6X6 size cm an insert is installed in the frame of the “Moscow-4” camera, which reduces the shot to this size. Otherwise, everything that will be said about the Moscow-4 camera also applies to the Moscow-2 camera.
Camera "Moscow-4" (Fig. 17) is a camera foldable and designed for shooting on 6 cm roller film. One roll of film can shoot 8 6X9 shots cm, or 12 frames 6X6 cm
with subsequent recharge in the light. The camera is equipped with a central inter-lens shutter "Moment-23s" with a contact for switching on flash lamps, in the body of which there is mounted a four-lens coated anastigmat "Industar-23" with a focal distance of 110 mm and a relative aperture of 1: 4.5. Field of view for 6X9 format cm is equal to 52 °. The rangefinder has a base of 65 mm The optical viewfinder magnification is
0.6X. The "Moscow-4" camera is intended for both amateur and professional photography.
Transporting mechanism
Transporting mechanism camera "Moscow-4" (fig. 17) acts as follows. To put the film spool in the recess on the body, you need to pull back the spring with the axis 24 down, put the spool of film on the axle 19 and releasing the spring with the axle 24. fasten the roll of film. The film spool is braked simultaneously by two flat springs: a flat spring 22 prevents unwinding of the film on the spool, and the spring 23 brakes the spool with film by the cheeks of the spool, creating tension on the film. Rollers rotating on axles 17 and twenty
prevent scratching of the film emulsion on bends Ribbed guides on the frame 26 and a pressure table 29 serve to align the film. The charging end of the paper lead is inserted into the slot of the take-up reel 28.
Turning the film rewind knob, observe through one of the viewing windows thirty after the appearance of the next serial number of the shot.
Main malfunction transporting mechanism is the scratching of the film caused by the low position of the rotating rollers 17 and twenty This drawback can be easily eliminated by lifting up the hinges, in which the axes of the rotating
29 thirty rollers Sometimes the back cover bends, making it very difficult to rewind the film Removing the pressure plate 29 from the springs, the back cover is leveled with rivers or light blows of a wooden hammer
Body, front cover and spacers The body from the camera "M.oskva-4" is metal, painted black and pasted over with leather Front cover of the body hinged
Spacers Between the body and the hinged cover are spacers that carry the objective stand 8 ( Figure 18) Basic appointment spacers - firmly hold objective rack 8, however, after the photo has been dropped, the
to r ishk e or from inadequate rotation the struts turn out to be bent
thrown and not thrown away until the moment of fixation, which makes the object swinging stand and the lens has out of focus Since the spacers are bent in more than one
a certain place, but along its entire Fig 18 Objective stand spacers 1 and 12 - levers 2 6 and 11 - axles 3 4 9 and ten - spacers 5 - front cover „7 - length, then fixing them without release lever 8 - volume disassembly fails an efficient stand, 13 - screw To take off races flogging 3 and nine, just unscrew two screws (one of them - 13 visible in the figure) from the axles of the spacers and, by moving the spacers from the axles, take them away from the body First, the spacers are removed from the axles of the levers, but since the axles on the levers have caps, the spacers must be moved so that the caps of the axles enter specially made for this extensions at the end of each groove The spacers are not removed at the same time, but one by one Removing the spacer 3 off axis 2 lever /, remove the spacer 3 off axis 6, for this, it must be advanced until the axle head 6 will not be in the opposite end of the shaped groove, where there is an extension for the axle head 6 That
in the same way, remove the spacer nine Removing the spacers 3 and nine, mat the condition of the struts 4 and ten, which remain adhered to the pillars of the front cover Pay special attention to the axes of the objective pillar 8 One of the axes 6 visible on
picture If the axes of the objective post are bent or wobbly, they can always be aligned and strengthened without removing the post from the front
31 her cover. Spacers 3 and nine are straightened on the plate. If it is noticeable to the eye that the groove has an unequal width, then, by inserting a screwdriver into the narrowed sections of the groove and acting as a lever, they expand them, and then, putting them on the axis 6, check whether the axis moves freely along the entire length of the shaped groove.
The spacers are assembled in the following sequence. First, they check if the springs have come off the levers. one and 12. After this is alternately put on spacers 3 and nine. Spacer 3 put on with a long curly groove on the axis 6, a spacer nine - on the corresponding axis of the objective stand. Then on the axis 2 lever one put on a spacer 3 short figured groove, and the spacer nine per axis
eleven lever 12, By installing spacers 3 and nine, alternately put on the spanking 4 and ten on the axis of the levers 1 and 12. Before fixing the spacers with screws, it is necessary to give the objective post a working position, that is, to place it parallel to the film. After that, it remains to put on spacers in pairs on the axles riveted to the body, and fasten them with screws 13. Spacers are put on the axles in pairs 3
from 4th and nine from 10th.
Trigger mechanism
The trigger mechanism transfers the force applied to the release button to the shutter release lever.
Fig 19 Trigger details 1 and ten - brackets 2 and 11 - axles 3 and 5 - loops, 4 - spring 6 - intermediate lever, 7 - trigger stem ki, 8 - shutter button, nine - two-armed lever
the mechanism (Fig, 19) consists of a release button 8, inside which there is a rod 7, which transfers the force from the release button to the intermediate lever 6, hinged 3 and 5. On the pro
32 the intermediate lever has a spiral spring 4, providing a reverse stroke of the trigger mechanism. Two-armed lever nine swing freely on axles 2 and eleven, which go into the holes of the brackets 1 and ten. Intermediate lever 6 enters the hole of the two-armed lever and lowers one of its shoulders down, which is why the opposite shoulder of the two-armed lever nine rises up and presses the shutter release lever. Sometimes, due to improper handling when closing the camera, the release button is pressed, and the working end of the two-armed lever turns out to be pressed down by the shutter body, causing its axes to come out of the brackets 1 or ten and the trigger gets stuck. The same malfunction occurs due to the large axial play
two-armed lever. nine, To eliminate the jamming of the trigger, it is enough to insert the axles of the two-armed lever back into the holes of the brackets, and then bend the bracket ten towards the two-arm lever nine to reduce the longitudinal (axial) backlash. Blocking device
The locking device applies equally to the transport and release mechanisms. This device serves to prevent accidental re-exposure of an already shot frame and is activated by both the transport and trigger mechanisms. The essence of blocking is that after the shutter is released, the shutter release button is locked (locked), so if you start the shutter again, it will no longer be possible to release it. The release button is unlocked (unlocked) at the first half of a turn of the film rewind handle, at the moment of rewinding the film to the next frame.At this time, a red signal light appears in the signal window, indicating that the film has been rewound and shooting can begin. To open access to the blocking device,
The blocking device with the flap removed is shown in Fig. 20. The main blocking part is the blocking plate 7 with a dog 8. Blocking plate 7 put on axle bushing 6 film rewind handles. Under the influence of a spring 16 the plate always tends to turn counterclockwise. There is a bent flag on the blocking plate 14 with a red circle 13. Spring action 15, fixed on the axis 12, dog 8 pressed against one of the clutch cams 4. In fig. twenty, a parts of the locking device are in position when the release button ten blocked by a dog 8 blocking plate. If, at the same time, a shield is put on the blocking device, then the white part of the flag will be visible in the signal window 14 ( circled).
3 Zach, 680 33 During film rewinding, the film rewind handle rotates clockwise and rotates the pin 5 on the clutch 4. Cam 3, after passing half a turn, it will meet the bent end on its way A dogs 5 and will carry him along with the dog 8 the blocking plate will also return, since it is connected to the tank 8 using axis 11.
Turned clockwise, doggy 8 the blocking end will come out from under the release button ten and unlocks it.
Figure: 20. Blocking device: a - the release button is locked; b - the release button is released 1-persistent spring, 2 - cam stop, 3 and 17 - clutch cams, 4 - freak ttion 5 — pin b — axis of the film rewinding handle; 7 - blocking plate; c - dog block of the blocking plate; 5 - screw ten - release button, 11 - axis from the tank, 12 - spring axis, 13 - red signal circle; 14 - checkbox; 15 - spring of a dog; 15 - spring of the blocking plate; eighteen- emphasis, 19 - board blocks
steering device; twenty - screw
Together with the blocking plate 7, the flag will turn, and the red signal circle 13 will be opposite the signal hole in the cover of the locking mechanism. When the film rewind knob is rotated, the protrusion B blocking plate 7 the distance will pass all the way eighteen, carved into the board 19, but emphasis 2 on cam
3 will be fixed by spring 1, and the spring 16 cannot return the locking plate to its original position. Since the locking device is triggered in the first half of a turn of the film rewind handle, and to transfer the film one frame, you need to turn it by 1.5-2 turns, the handle continues to rotate, overcoming the force created by the friction clutch 4.
In fig. 20.6 shows the location of the parts when the release button is released (unlocked). The thrust spring 1 holds the stop 2 cam 3. Spring 16 seeks to return the locking plate to its original position, but the pawl 8, per-
34 hooked bent end A per cam 17, prevents this. If you press the shutter release button in this position ten, then stock the release button will retract the end of the dog 8 to the side, and she, with her bent end - A, jump off the cam 17, and the locking plate under the action of the spring 16 will return to its original position and again lock the release button. The light in the signal window turns white instead of red.
Table 2 Locking device malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
When rewinding Broke or jumped off In the first case, replace film red sig - spring 15 ( fig. 20), base or set on the feces does not appear, the clutch spring is the place of the release spring button 4 and the clutch cams are not well; in the second case, from remains blocked - can overcome forces screwing the clutch nut 4 (fig. 20), bend and thereby strengthen the spring clutch
When rewind Incorrectly installed By loosening the screw twenty ( fig. film red sig- persistent spring cash appears, and damper one (ri twenty), establish emphasis 20) spring so so that then disappears and the she grabbed the focus 2 on the release button remains clutch cams in mo Xia blocked cop touch of a ledge, 6 stop eighteen
Trigger button 1. Broken or nipple In the first case, replacing not blocked, chnla spring 16 ( fig. 20) put or installed on the signal window 2. The blocking plate is where the springs come off due to dirt or grease all time visible at 7 has lost mobility well; in the second, they clean and Red light blocking corrosion mechanism, giving particular attention to ease of movement blocking face us 7 ( fig. twenty).
Gate
To gain access to the shutter mechanisms, it must be removed from the camera objective stand by unscrewing the fastening nut. The general view of the shutter taken from the camera is shown in Fig. 21, a. First, you need to remove the compensator and the details of the focusing mechanism, as well as the front lens unit from it. Before removing the cover 5, remove the focusing knob one and meter ring 4. Under the decorative washer 2, reinforced with a screw 3, there are two more screws that secure the focusing knob. To remove the meter ring 4, you need to release the three stoppers that are on
3 * 35 Figure: 21. Disassembly of the shutter: a-shutter with lens and compensator; b - a shutter with a decorative washer removed and meter ring in - focusing mechanism; g - pad with locks one- focusing handle; 2 - decorative washer; 3 - screw; 4-meter ring 5-casing 6 7 8, 9, 10-13 - screws; 11, 12 and 15 - gears; 14 - middle lens frame; 16 - leash; ' 17 - flag with wedge compensator; eighteen - locks; 19 - pad
36 grooved side surface of the ring. A shutter with a removed cover plate and a meter ring is shown in Fig. 21.6. Unscrewing the screws 6, remove the focusing handle. Having unscrewed the screws 7, 8, 9 and ten, remove the cover 5 from the focusing mechanism. This mechanism is shown in Fig. 21, a. Gears eleven and 15 are removed freely. To unscrew the rim 14 medium lens, you need to have a special key or a steel plate 0.7X30X X 100 mm, which is inserted into the slots of the frame and turned away. In order to remove the lining from the shutter 19, you need to unfold and release three locks eighteen, remove the compensator casing, release the spring from the stop and remove the compensator from the sleeve in the lining, as well as unscrew the two screws on the back of the valve, which were closed by the compensator.
Bolt lining 19 are removed by turning counterclockwise until the projections in the lining are aligned with the slots in the base of the shutter.
In case of frequent opening of the crank, it is enough to remove the shutter speed control ring and the winding ring with the winding lever from it. In fig. 22, a shows the shutter after partial disassembly. After such disassembly, most of the faults can be eliminated in the shutter.
When fully disassembled from its base 12 remove the deceleration mechanism 5, which is fixed with three screws; trigger 13, latch 17 shutter speed B and lever 2, fastened with one screw. Trigger lever 15 and shutter lever B eighteen are not fixed in any way and sit freely on the axles, which are pressed into the base of the shutter.
To remove the base from the valve body, you need to unscrew the three screws on the back. When removing the valve body, remember that the fixed contact 21 fixed directly in the plug socket twenty, and prevents its removal from the base. In order not to damage the contact 21, you need first for the tube eleven when lifting the base of the bolt from the side of the retarding mechanism, and then remove the base from under the contact fixed on the body of the bolt. The interaction of the backstage ring and the shutter blades does not fundamentally differ from the interaction of similar parts of the “Lyubitel-2” camera shutter.
Assemblage of and in z and and mo e in t v and e of parts of the zat in about. Installing the gate base into the body, first bring the side of the base with the swinging contact under the fixed contact 21, and then the entire base is lowered into the body. Firmly tightening the screws on the back of the valve body, fill the free ends of the springs that remain above the valve body, and then check the operation of the petals.
If you press the lever arm with your finger 2, then the other arm of the lever, into the slot of which the pin 1 of the slide ring enters, has moved the slide ring, and the shutter petals will open. If you release your finger, then under the action of a spring 3 the shutter blades should
37 Fig 22 Shutter device "Moment-23s" ' a - the bolt with the winding ring removed, b - the winding ring, c - the bolt released; h - the shutter is wound 1 - backstage ring pin, 2 - lever, 3 - spring, 4 - figured ledge, 5 - lever arm; 6 - anchor fork 7 - escape wheel, 8 - mechanism deceleration, 9 - pin; 10 - toothed sector, 11 - tube, 12 - base, 13 - trigger, 14 - screw; 15 — trigger lever. / 6 - protrusion, 17— trigger latch. eighteen - lever arm. 19 - movement noah contact 29 - plug nest. 2 / - fixed contact, 22 - rack; 23 - emphasis 24 25 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34 and 35 - working protrusions and stops, 29 - springs on the stop 31'-movable stop, 36 - mainspring, 37, 38, 39 and 41 - workers ' stupas and stops, 40 - winding ring
38 close. Together with the lever 2 the square, on which the movable contact of the sync device is located, also moves. If the shutter blade is opened again, then the contact located on the movable square must touch the fixed contact 21 exactly B is the moment when the shutter blades open completely. If this does not happen, then, bending the stationary contact, they ensure that the contact of the contacts coincides with the full opening of the leaves.
A movable stop serves for automatic opening and closing of the petals 31, located on the winding ring. The water ring is shown in Fig. 22.6. To install the winding ring in the bolt, you need to put on the free end of the winding spring 36 on the stop, and then lower the winding ring onto the tube eleven
the base of the shutter. In this position, the mainspring must be slightly tensioned and the winding ring must be held by a stand 22.
After installing the winding ring, see Fig. 22.6 to understand the purpose of each of its protrusions. Ledge 26 allocates sector ten deceleration mechanism. Ledge 32 serves as an emphasis on the half-way shutter. Ledge 27 pulls the lever 5 sec anchor fork b. You stupa thirty limits the shutter winding by resting on the cutout on the shutter body. For the ledge 25 the winding ring is held by a latch at shutter speed ("by hand") B. 24 the trigger keeps the ring cocked. Ledge 25 used in models with self-timer. Ledge 28 on a movable stop 31
when the shutter is wound, it bypasses the curly protrusion of the shutter base along its convex side, and when the shutter is triggered, it slides along its concave side. Slice 33 the movable stop opens the bolt leaves. Ledge 34 accelerates the closing of the blades at high shutter speeds and keeps the shutter blades closed.
In fig. 22.6 also visible mainspring 36 and spring 29 movable stop. While holding the winding ring so that it does not come off, it is recommended to wind and release the shutter, observing in turn the action of each protrusion on the winding ring and the movable stop.
Considering the location of the parts when the shutter is deflated (Fig. 22, c), you need to pay attention to the following elements. Trigger lever 15 not pressed, as the protrusion blocks its path 37 on the trigger 13- Sector ten of the deceleration mechanism is retracted to the extreme position 26 clockwork ring. Lever arm 5 released and escape wheel 7 braked by anchor fork 6. At the moment of closing the shutter, the following movement of parts occurs. Ledge 26 the winding ring frees the sector ten deceleration mechanism, and it begins to unwind, at first slowly, and at the moment when the protrusion 41 the winding ring pulls the lever 5 with anchor fork - fast. Winder ring protrusion,
39 on which the mainspring is fixed 36, moves to the side, releases the shutter speed latch "by hand" 17 and her emphasis 38 comes out of the cutout in the lever eighteen. Trigger 13 grips the crown 24 of the winding ring leaving it in the wound position, and at the same time releases the trigger lever.
In fig. 22, d shows the arrangement of parts on the wound shutter: sector ten retardation mechanism lowered and blocked the path of the ledge 26 clockwork ring. Movable stop 31 located opposite the ledge on the lever 2, opening the petals. Ledge 38 on the trigger 17 came out of the notch in the lever eighteen
and located in front of his ledge 39. Mainspring 36 stretched and seeks to return the winding ring, held by the trigger 13, to the starting position. If in this position you press the trigger 15, then the trigger will smoothly release the protrusion of the winding ring held by it, and the lever eighteen during this time will have time with its protrusion 39
block the ledge 38 on the latch. With further pressure on the trigger 15, the trigger will release the winding ring, which, under the action of the mainspring, will return and open the shutter petals. The shutter blades will remain open as long as the release lever is pressed, since the lug 39
on the lever eighteen holds the trigger 17, and she, in turn, holds the winding ring by the ledge 35 and does not allow him to turn to the end and close the shutter blades, that is, the shutter speed "by hand" V.
Automatic shutter speed control is carried out using the shutter speed control ring. Before explaining its action, it is necessary to pay attention to one feature of the deceleration mechanism. Deceleration mechanism 8 shutter "Moment-23s" - two-speed. This means that it can slow down the movement of the winding ring with two different degrees of braking. If lever 5 with ankeon fork 6 pressed against the escape wheel 7, then when turning the sector ten the intermediate gears transfer rotation to the escape wheel 7, and the anchor fork 6, passing one tooth of the escape wheel one at a time provides the maximum degree of braking, while the characteristic braking sound is heard. With this degree of braking, the shutter operates at slow shutter speeds starting from 1 sec up to 1/10 sec inclusive. The farther the sector travels when the shutter is released ten, the longer the exposure will be. If the lever 5 with anchor fork 6 move away from the escape wheel 7, then braking will be significantly reduced and full turn of the sector ten will match not 1 sec, but only 1/25 sec, since braking will occur only due to the rest inertia of the gears of the deceleration mechanism. The characteristic braking sound will not be heard either.
Depending on the set shutter speed, the shutter speed control ring sets the appropriate degree of braking.
40 and the corresponding angle of rotation of the sector ten. To do this, there are a number of cutouts on the adjusting ring and the protrusion of which must be well remembered.
In fig. 23 shows the adjusting zones of the adjusting ring. Zone 1 and 2 control the degree of braking with a lever A, on which the anchor fork is located In the zone one this lever provides maximum braking force as it is free and presses the truss fork against the anchor gear. This won matches the endurance cam from 1 to 1/10 sec inclusive. Duration you holding within these limits is regulated oblique cut zones 3 ( dotted line showing on the work surface of ko sogo cut, located under the jumper). Than further the pin B the sector of the mechanism of deceleration diverts Xia working surface zones 3, the shorter the shutter speed. Zone 2 retracts the lever A, and together with it, the anchor fork from the anchor gear, and the amplification in the deceleration mechanism are made mini Figure: 23 Regulation zones vyder minimal. In this zone, for the creature zhek fulfills endurance ki from 1/25 to 1/100 sec. Exposure durations from 1/25 to 1/100 sec adjustable by oblique cut of the zone 4, whose action is similar to the action of an oblique cut of the zone 3, and a shutter speed of 1/250 is obtained when an additional strong spring is turned on 6, which is wound by the projection 7 of the adjusting ring. Put on the shutter speed adjustment ring carefully so as not to bend the lever A mechanism for slowing down and protrusion 5 trigger latch. After the adjusting ring has been put on, it is necessary to understand the work performed by each of its zones. To do this, you need to check the work of the TV at all exposures by changing the position of the adjusting ring. After understanding the interaction of the parts of the shutter, you can proceed to its further assembly, setting it in place on the masonry and securing it with locks. Then, on the reverse side of the bolt, install the rear cover and secure it with two screws. When installing the shutter on the camera's objective stand, remember to place the adjusting shims between the shutter and the lens stand. When screwing in the clamping ring, remember that if screwing in carelessly, you can
41 damage the fur. Therefore, the key used to tighten the clamping ring must be well rounded and must be inserted into the cutouts on the ring without shifting to the sides.
Table 3 Malfunctions of the "Moment-23s" shutter
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Exposure In Prosperity 1. Latch 17 jammed on the Remove the latch, clean wails screw shaft 14 clean it from corrosion and dirt, (rice 22, a) and lost clean the base mobility clicks at the attachment point, check if the tightness of its spring and, slightly lubricated, install it in place
2 Protrusion 38 latches Fold back the protrusion 55 so that 17 ( fig. 22, d) bent too far towards so that when the shutter is released, the the center of the handle, as a latch rests on the protrusion 39 lever eighteen result of which the latch does not ( fig. hold the water ring by the ledge 22, a) when lowering the handle
35
3. Protrusion 38 latches Fold back the ledge 38 on 17 ( fig. 22, d) bent to the right and latch 17 ( fig. 22, d) is not delayed by the ledge 39 growlingto the left so that when the shutter ha eighteen is released, it rested into the ledge 39 lever eighteen
At shutter speed B the door Latch 55 lug 17 Fold back the ledge 38 on the remains open. (Fig. 22, d) bent too far to the left latch 17 ( fig. 22, a) and after releasing the trigger to the right, but so as not to cause the previous one chaga does not jump off the ledge serviceability 39
Clockwork lever not 1. Large backlash on Eliminate axle swing fixed in wound axle or arm bushing of the lever, if the axle is stable, nominal position eighteen, making its rounded end strengthen the bushing of the lever you 18, In addition, the lever 18 must goes out of the cutout in the be installed so that its round end, release lever 15 entering
in the lever cutout 15, was on the same level with him
2 Weakened spring Remove the lever from the axis eighteen and lever eighteen ( fig. 22, h) strengthen its spring 3 Spring broke Craft and set trigger 13 wind the spring onto the old one (Fig. 22, d) a place. If the old place fails, you anchor spring on can solder
42 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies.
4. The head broke Replace or manufactured trigger lever 13 wind new trigger (Fig. 22, d) hook. After manufacturing niya new trigger hook it is necessary temper
5, jammed or co- Install the lever pivots the lever jumped off the axles 9 9 in the holes of the squares (Fig. 19) of the trigger one and ten and establish a mechanism and a trigger market longitudinal chag shutter remained in the lever play nine, corresponding pressed position bending the coal Nick ten ( fig. 19)
Shutter petals of races 1. On the petals shutter Completely disassemble cover sluggishly and sometimes oil got into it, causing them to shutter and remove oil from not only incompletely closed stick together the petals, but also the curly gasket are carried covering the diaphragm
ragmu, bolt base and ring-curtain
2. Disrupted movement Clean shutter parts backstage ring from- ra, washing them in gasoline, for pollution and corrosion cleaning with a watch brush and polished. But never lubricate with oil
3. The spring is loose, Reinforce the spring, covering the petals twisting it around the axis holding it in the direction of winding
After the shutter is released Clogged mechanism Remove the mechanism for the winding ring does not reach deceleration procrastinate and consider the end and the lobes remain in the magnifying glass of the gear open teeth, since jamming can be mi caused by the ingress of a speck into the tooth of one of the gears. Then rinse the mechanism in gasoline and lightly grease all axles with watch oil.
Exposure 1 sec works Dried up oil on Moisten a screwdriver with a intermittently and sometimes axes of the deceleration mechanism oil and lightly touch the escapement stops laziness. Corro- gear with it. If it doesn't, you need a gap on escape wheel and escape mechanism fork disassemble slowdowns clean and lubricate
43 Lens and aperture
The “Moscow-4” camera has an “Industar-23” lens mounted in the shutter. The objective lenses are housed in three separate frames. The front lens is rolled into a frontal frame, which has a multi-threaded worm screw, with which it is screwed into the middle frame. The middle lens is rolled into a middle frame with an internal worm multi-start thread and a rear external metric thread, with which it is screwed into the shutter tube. The rear block, glued from two lenses, is rolled into a frame with a metric thread and screwed into the shutter tube from the rear side.
Technical characteristics of the lens "Indugtar-23"
Focal distance, mm 110
Relative hole one: 4.5
Angle of field of view hail 52
The shortest aiming distance, m 1.5
The lens is focused by rotating the front lens. When disassembling a lens for cleaning, you need to be very careful with the worm gear on the front and middle lens assemblies. Screwing the front lens frame into place, you must first rotate it counterclockwise without pressing until the moment of a characteristic click corresponding to the coincidence of the multi-threaded starts, and only after that you can start screwing the frame clockwise, but without excessive effort. If the frame with the front lens rotates hard, it is not recommended to completely change the lubricant; it is enough to slightly thin it by running one or two drops of watch oil into the threads between the front and middle frames. Sometimes the lens is not set for sharpness, although outwardly everything seems to be in order. This is due to the fact that the grease thickened between the front and middle frames and the force was so great that the middle frame turned out of the bolt tube and both frames rotate together. It is necessary to tighten the middle frame more tightly into the shutter tube and facilitate the rotation of the front frame.
The lens diaphragm "Industar-23" is mounted in the shutter body. Its design is similar to the aperture of the Lyubitel-2 camera.
The lens, which was not previously disassembled, is set to focus by rotating the front lens until the maximum
44 sharpness by the autocollimator or by frosted glass placed on the guides of the frame, when aiming at an object 200-300 distant m. If the lens was previously disassembled or the gaskets between the shutter and the objective stand of the camera are lost, then setting the lens to focus is very complicated by the fact that its actual focal length ceases to correspond to the focal length engraved on the front lens barrel.
Do not forget that for lenses with a rotating front lens, the focal length of the lens changes depending on the distance between the first and middle lenses, and the rangefinder of the Moscow-4 camera is designed to work with a lens with a focal length of 110 mm. If the quotation strips are lost, then when the lens is set to “infinity”, the front lens is pushed forward (by the thickness of the lost spacers) and the focal length of the lens with this setting will always be less than 110 mm. As a result, as the shooting lens gets closer from "infinity" to the shortest shooting distance, the errors in the readings of the rangefinder (with respect to the lens) will increase all the time.
The main focal length of the Industar-23 lens is 110 mm, the corresponding distance between the first and second objective lenses is set on special devices at the factory. However, the correct focal length of the lens can also be established experimentally, as described below in the description of camera alignment, but this will require a long and painstaking work. All of these warnings are made in order to emphasize the meaning of the quotation shims located between the shutter and the objective stand of the camera.
Viewfinder
Telescopic viewfinder camera "Moscow-4" (fig. 24) consists of an eyepiece 4, permanently fixed in the roof 5 viewfinder and lens eleven, reinforced in the frame 12. When Opening the front cover of the camera automatically opens and sets the viewfinder to the working position. In the closed position, the viewfinder cover 5 is held by a lock ten, which is associated with the button 15, opening the front cover. The viewfinder of the “Moscow-4” camera has an additional frame limiting the angle of view of the viewfinder when shooting on a 6 X 6 frame cm.
45 Fig 24 Viewfinder and Rangefinder Prism 1 - prism, 2 and 6 - squares, 3 - shield, 4 - eyepiece viewfinder, 5 - cover. 7 - nut, IN - base, nine and 13 - screws, ten - lock 11 - viewfinder lens. 12 - frame, 14 - diaphragm, 15 - camera opening button
Rangefinder The rangefinder of the “Moscow-4” camera consists of two units. The first unit is a prism, and the second is a wedge compensator, which is mechanically connected to the front lens barrel. Prism one ( fig. 24) reinforced on the base 8 rangefinder with two squares 2 and 6, fixed on the base with screws nine and 13. Prism one glued from two prisms. A light separating layer is applied to the glued face of the rhombic prism, and a triangular prism is glued to it. The real image is observed through the eyepiece of the rangefinder with a protective glass, which is screwed into nut 7. The moving (virtual) image is limited by the hole in the diaphragm 14. Rangefinder prism protected by a shield 3 and is closed by a common rangefinder shield. Since the viewfinder is open when working with the camera, dust gets on the surface of the prism and the inner surfaces of the protective glasses. The prism and the inner surfaces of the protective glasses should be cleaned periodically.
The wedge compensator (Fig. 25) of the rangefinder is mounted in a folding flag, which is lowered when the camera is folded, and in the working position is installed vertically.
To remove the flag with a wedge compensator, first remove the focusing knob, and then, unscrewing the left screw,
r- 4 l 6 47 remove the shield 5 and, by dropping the spring 2 from the stop one, remove the flag with a wedge compensator from the bushing of the slide pad. In order to disassemble the wedge expansion joint, it is enough to screw the screw 4 and remove the cover 3.
Each of the optical wedges 15 and 17 wedge compensator is rolled into rims 16 and 19. Frames with wedges have external threads and screw into internal threads of gear frames 14 and eighteen. To prevent the frames with wedges from turning out of the gear frames during operation, they are glued with shellac glue when screwing in. When turning the knob for aiming at a sharpness, the bone, which is attached to the bushing 6 the axes of gear 7, the latter, through a system of gears, rotates the gear rims of the wedges in different directions and changes the refractive angle of the wedge compensator.
The rotation of the wedges of the compensator is carried out as follows: gear 7 is engaged simultaneously with two gears 8 and nine. Gear 8 through gears ten and 11 rotates the cogwheel 14 front wedge, and the gear nine through the gear 13 rotates the gear frame in the opposite direction eighteen rear wedge. Thanks to the spring trapped between the gear 12 and her six eleven, the backlash-free rotation of the compensator wedges is ensured. This subtle spring makes a big difference. If the spring is not wound or is missing, the rangefinder shows different distances when aiming from right to left or per revolution. The spring is fixed so that one end of it enters the hole of the gear 11, and the other into the hole of the gear 12, located above it.
To start the spring correctly, proceed as follows. Holding the cogwheel with one hand 14, so that it does not rotate, with the other hand lift the sleeve up to the stop 6 and disengage gear 7 with gear 8, If the sleeve 6
turn so that the gear nine rotated in the direction of the arrow drawn on it, the spring will start to wind. To wind the spring, just turn the gear nine two teeth in relation to gear 7 and, pulling off the sleeve 6 down, re-engage gears 7 and 8, after which you can release the frame 14.
When further assembling the compensator, make sure that the gears 7 and 8 do not disengage anymore, otherwise the spring will open again. In order to assemble the compensator, you need to put the gear frame in place and, putting an overlay on it 3,
screw the screw 4. Shield 5 set after adjusting the compensator. By inserting a flag with a compensator into the bushing of the bolt lining and holding it from below by the gear 7, put on the focusing handle and fix it with screws. Then a spring is put on the stop 2.
Before you start adjusting the rangefinder, you need to soak the shellac glue with which the frame is glued with alcohol. 16 in front of it wedge to gear rim 14. To do this, moisten in alcohol
48 a piece of cotton wool and put on the frame. After about ten minutes, the front wedge bezel begins to rotate easily in the cogged frame. By adjusting the range finder vertically, observe an object 200-300 distant m, and rotating the rim 16 with a wedge behind the slots on it, they achieve complete coincidence of the contours of the image under consideration along the vertical. To make sure that the vertical adjustment is made correctly, the rangefinder is aimed at an object located at a distance of 1.5-2 g. If even at a close distance the image of the object does not double vertically during aiming, then the adjustment can be completed. The vertical adjustment is specified only at "infinity", and at a short distance it is only checked.
After adjustment, the alcohol dries and the frames are glued again.
CAMERA ADJUSTMENT
First adjust the rangefinder. Before adjusting the distance measure, you need to slightly loosen the screws that secure the focusing handle, so that by rotating it and bringing the gear with vodka to the stop, you can continue to rotate, overcoming the friction created by the loosely tightened screws. Starting to adjust the range finder, move the moving (imaginary) image observed in the range finder to the extreme right position. After that, aiming the rangefinder at an object located at a distance of 200-300 m
(or by installing on the collimator), and rotating the focusing knob, move the moving (imaginary) image from right to left. Continuing the rotation of the focusing knob, after the gear with the leash reaches the stop, the moving image moving from right to left is aligned with the stationary (real) one and the screws are tightened to the end. After that, the focusing knob, and with it the gear with the vodka, will rotate from lock to lock. The extreme left position of the rangefinder will correspond to aiming at "infinity", and the extreme right position will correspond to 1.5 m.
After adjusting the rangefinder, set the lens to focus on the autocollimator or on an object 200-300 m away. Setting the lens to focus on a distant object, matte glass is placed on the frame guides with the shutter open and the aperture fully open. Rotating the front lens of the objective achieves maximum sharpness of the observed image.
The last adjustment operation consists in the correct installation of the metering ring, with the help of which the rotation of the focusing mechanism is transmitted to the barrel of the front lens. To do this, turn the focusing knob clockwise as far as it will go and, without moving the lens, set the meter ring so that the leash enters
4 Zak. 680 49 into the slot of the metric ring, after which the stoppers of the metric ring are tightened.
The correctness of the camera alignment is checked at a distance of 1.5-2 g against frosted glass. Setting the lens for maximum sharpness on an object at a distance
1.5-2 m, look at the rangefinder. If the image in the rangefinder not doubles, adjustment is correct. Almost always, when the factory shims are retained between the shutter and the lens arm of the camera, the readings of the rangefinder and the lens match (provided all rules are carefully followed). Proceeding from the fact that even if the quotation gaskets are lost and the spacers are repaired, the lens can be located only deeper (closer to the film), the correction is made only by adding spacers. Suppose that when aiming the rangefinder at an object located at a distance of 1.5 m from the camera, the range number showed the correct distance along the meter ring -
1.5 m-, when aiming the lens on frosted glass at the same distance, a distance of 1.7 was obtained on the meter ring m. It has been practically established that every 10 cm errors (with aiming at 1.5 m) correspond to a gasket of approximately 0.5 mm. In the given example, the error is 20 cm, therefore, the entire shutter must be moved 1 mm, i.e., between the shutter and the objective stand, a 1 mm, and then re-set the lens to focus at "infinity" and check again at 1.5 m, and so, choosing the thickness of the spacers, move the shutter together with the lens until the readings of the rangefinder and the lens completely match.
Table 4
Rangefinder and focusing mechanism malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
When focusing on focus Loose screw 13, co- By loosening the screw 13 ( fig. heard crackle reinforced neck- 21, c), you can change the depth of teeth thorns 12 ( fig. 21, in) engagement between gear 12 and with gears 11 and 15 so that the rotation of the gears was
smooth. Having established the right forcible engagement, raft but delay screw 13, collect mechanism on vodka for sharpness, set the lens to
focus and pair it with the rangefinder
fifty Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Does not rotate in front Weak pressed Unscrewing the screw 13, remove - a new lens, and the handle is an internal gear in gear 12 ( fig. 21, in) focusing on the gear 12 ( fig. 21, the rangefinder is also available in) and expose the inner " the gear in the place of the scoop works correctly
Pictures remote Thickened grease in Disassemble lens, objects are obtained worm thread between liquefy with hour oil sharp. When shooting in close in front of him and average scrap old grease in the worm proximity distances blocks of lenses, as a result, the thread. Tightly sharpness None middle lens returned from the tighten block average tube by the lens and when lenses. Install object focusing focus and performance moves pairing his from highly insignificantly rangefinder as it rotates in metric thread
4. CAMERA "MOSCOW-5"
The Moscow-5 camera is an improved version of the Moscow-4 camera.
Its main advantages are: 1. Fast lens "Industar-24", which has the following technical specifications:
Focal length, mm 105
Relative hole ...... 1: 3.5 Angle of field of view hail 52
2. Viewfinder with variable angle of view (depending on on the size of the shot), always ready for action. 3. Massive (die-cast) body with removable rear her lid. 4. The centers of the film spool and take-up spool can be the ability to lock in the extended position, which makes it easier to charge the camera.
5. Improved shutter "Momeng-24s", equipped with self-timer. In connection with these improvements, you slightly change "the order of disassembling the rangefinder and the shutter. External parts and mechanisms of the “Moscow-5” camera are shown in Fig. 26.
4* 51 Since the shape of the flap has been changed in this camera 4, the order of disassembly of the locking mechanism and viewfinder has also changed. To gain access to the locking mechanism, to the prism
Figure: 26 Camera "Moscow-5" ' 1 — lens viewfinder, 2 - handle for changes corner vision viewfinder; 3 - button to open the front cover, 4 ~ shield, 5 and 6 - protective glasses for the number; 7 - film rewind handle, 8 - "Moment-24s" shutter, nine - lens "Indus- tar 24 "
numbers or to the viewfinder, you need to remove the shield 4. For this remove the film rewind handle 7 by unscrewing the retaining • its screw, as well as unscrew the rangefinder eyepiece and frames with protective glasses 5 and 6. Due to the fact that the "Moment-24s" shutter is equipped with a self-timer, there are significant changes in it.
Self-timer In fig. 27 shows a general view of the "Moment-24s" shutter with the front cover removed and the shutter speed control ring. Parse-
52 This shutter is similar to the disassembly of the shutter installed on the "Moscow-4" camera. The main parts that take part in the self-timer are the winding ring 2 growling gom 7, which, when setting the shutter to work with self-timer, grabs the driving axis 8 self-timer 4. Driving axle 8 self-timer
Fig. 27 Shutter mechanisms "Moment-24" 1 - shutter body; 2 - winding ring, 3 in ten - self-timer mounting screws; 4 - auto descent, 5 - cut-off foot, 6 - ledge, 7 - lever, 8 - driving axle with cams; 9 and 11 - protrusions of the winding ring, 12 - trigger, 13 - trigger lever, 14 - stop;
15 - button, 16 - winding lever
has three milled jaws. Self-timer 4 is a deceleration mechanism, but with more gears than previously described cameras, as a result of which it has a significantly higher braking torque. The delay time from the moment the self-timer is turned on until the shutter is released is 9-15 sec. Clockwork ring 2 when working without a self-timer, it works in the same way as in the shutter of the Moment-23s apparatus, and the trigger 12 captures the first protrusion 11 on the winding ring.
The self-timer works in the following sequence. First start the shutter. In the wound shutter, the trigger
53 12 holds the winding ring 2 for the first protrusion 11, and the lever 7, which is intended to be connected to the driving axis of the self-timer, turns out to be retracted from the self-timer, since the protrusion 6 on lever 7 rests against the adjusting cut-off foot 5 on the top self-timer board. To set the shutter to work with the self-timer after the first winding of the shutter, press 15 move down the emphasis 14
and add the shutter. Clockwork ring 2 while going further and the trigger 12 grabs its second ledge nine. When rewinding the shutter, the protrusion 6 on the lever 7 jumps off the paw 5, under the action of the spring, the lever 7 is thrown to the self-timer and grabs one of the three cams on the axis 8 self-timer.
In fig. 27 shows the shutter mechanism set for self-timer operation. To make the shutter work, press the release lever 13, which retracts the trigger 12 from the clockwork ring. The released winding ring, under the action of the water spring, tends to return to its original position, but it is held by lever 7, which is hooked on the driving axle of the auto release. Under the action of the mainspring of the shutter, the self-timer starts to unwind slowly until the moment when lever 7, having returned the axis by 1/3 of a turn 8, jump off her. After the winding ring, held by lever 7, has been released, the shutter is released in the usual manner. After the shutter is released by the crank 16 ( which presses on the protruding above the edge of the body one end stop 14) button 15 lifts up again and sets the shutter to work without a self-timer. So that when the self-timer is operating, the trigger 12, jumping off the second ledge nine, did not capture the first protrusion 11, a pin is attached to the winding ring, which removes the trigger 12
to the side, when a ledge 11 passes by it. All other parts that do not take part in the self-timer are of the same design as in the Moment-23s shutter of the Moskva-4 camera.
T a b l and c a 5 Self-timer problems
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
The self-timer works with Clogged or corroded Unscrewing the screw 3 and stop the interruptions and stops of self-timer parts ten ( fig, 27), remove the auto- descent and produce his chi drainage and lubrication Self-timer triggered The form of the blo- Remove the trigger it shifts, and the bolt remains the key spring on the choke 12 ( fig. 27) nz cocked shutter trigger and bend the blocking spring So, so that in working hours self-timer pin 11 retracted the release howling hook to the side
54 5. CAMERAS "CHANGE"
Smena cameras are intended for amateur filming. They are equipped with central closures and three-lens coated anastigmata with a short focus - 40 mm with aperture ratio 1: 4.5. Focusing is carried out using a distance scale marked on the barrel of a rotating lens. When photographing, the film is fed from the cassette to the cassette without rewinding.
Camera body "Smena" plastic. The Smena-1 camera has the same shutter as the Lyubitel-2 camera. The shutter is not interlocked with the frame counter and does not preclude accidental re-shooting on an already exposed frame.
The Smena-2 camera differs from the Smena-1 camera in the presence of a self-timer and a synchro device. The Smena-3 camera is an improved version of the Smena-1 camera. In it, the release button is interlocked with the frame counter, and a trigger system for rewinding the film is also installed.
The Smena-4 camera is improved mo the design of the Smena-2 camera, the same improvements have been made in it as in the Smena-3 camera. To avoid repetitions, the book will consider in detail only the Smena-2 and Smena-4 cameras, since the Smena-1 and Smena-3 cameras differ only in the absence of a self-timer and synchro-device.
CAMERA "Smena-2"
In fig. 28 shows a general view of the Smena-2 camera. On a plastic case eighteen riveted terminal 1, which serves to install the rangefinder and flash lamp. On the lid 5 frame counter has a button 2 and ring 3 with an index. Film rewind head 6 serves to rewind the film from the supply cassette to the reception. On the head axis 6 There is a helical brake spring that only rotates the head clockwise. Lens shutter 13 flange-mounted 7,
which is attached to the camera body with four screws. Since the body of the camera is an insulator, and the synchro-device in the shutter is made according to a single-wire circuit, the second wire must be the body of the shutter and the camera. But the plastic case does not conduct electrical current. Therefore, a plate is riveted to the aluminum tripod socket. 22, connecting it to the valve body, and the terminal one connected to the gate body with an additional wire.
T e l s c o p ic h e in and d o and c a t e l consists of oku lyara twenty and lens 4.
55 Fig. 28 Camera "Change 2" a - front view b - rear view one - terminal, 2 - frame counter button 3 - ring with index 4 - viewer lens 5 - cover 6 - film rewind head 7 - flange 8 - tendril nine - synchro contact ten - self-timer II - meter ring, 12 - dia ring fragments, 13 - lens T 22, / 4 - shutter plate, 15 - release lever 16 - groovy lever arm, 17 - back cover lock, eighteen - camera body. 19 - fork twenty - eyepiece viewfinder, 21 - toothed disc, 22 - conductive plate, 23 - frame frame, 34 - back cover, 25 - pressure table The trolley of the rotary machine consists of a film rewinding head 6, axle-mounted fork 19. Film advance for one frame is limited by a toothed disc 21, which the connected to the frame counter The film is pressed and aligned in front of the frame window of the frame during transportation 23 with a spring-loaded pressure table 25, mounted on the back cover 24
Frame counter
Serrated disc 21 transport mechanism leads in motion the frame counter To disassemble the frame counter, you need to remove the cover 5 together with the ring fixed on it nine.
Fig. 29 Frame counter device a - details of the frame counter b - stop and button of the frame counter I and 11 - springs 2 - long jumper end 3 - button 4 - the short end of the mychkn, 5 - movable stop 6 - limb, 7 - split washer 9 - gear wheel, ten - pin
Figure 29 shows the device of the frame counter Limb b with a gear is fixed on the axis with a split washer 7 Gear nine with movable stop 5 is on the same axis with the toothed wheel of the transport mechanism Button 3 has a jumper, which with its long end 2 enters the slot on the valve body, and the short end 4 holds stop 5 Spring 1 holds the button 3 in working position
The frame counter operates as follows when rewinding the film, its perforations rotate the gear wheel. On the same axle with a gear wheel, a gear is fixed nine with movable stop 5, which allows the cogwheel to turn only one revolution, which corresponds to one frame. nine has forty teeth, and the gear that rotates with the dial 6, has thirty-nine teeth.At each revolution, the dial lags behind the index by one division, which also corresponds to one frame. To understand the action of stop 5, you need to remove the
57 thorns with limb. To do this, unbend and remove the split-Washer 7. In fig. 28, b movable stop visible 5, pinned detainee 4. In this position, the gear wheel still has the ability to rotate while the pin ten, mounted on a gear not nine, will not start the spring eleven and will not move to the opposite end of the cutout on the movable stop 5. To rewind the film to the next frame, press the button 3,
then the short end of the jumper 4 will be below the movable stop 5 and spring action eleven will pass to its opposite side. Released button 3 under the action of a spring one will return to the working position and, if you start rewinding the film, the movable stop 5, making one turn,
again rests against the short end of the jumper 4 and stops rewinding the film.
Table 6 Frame counter malfunctions
Malfunction Cause of malfunction Remedies
Head rewind 1. Cogwheel 21 Lay between toothed the film rotates, a (Fig. 28, b) turned wheel and axle shoulder the gear wheel does not settle on its axis tans the film several thin washers
2. Button counter Lubricate the slot in the box personnel 3 ( fig. 29) the start of the shutter, into which the long end of the position falls in the lowered position straps 2 ( fig. 29), and cast the spring / by stretching it
3. Broke pin10 Make a new pin (fig. 29, 6) and refit it by removing from the hole in the gear nine ( fig. 29, b) broken
the end of the old pin
Torn perforation Rubs into bushing Grind the gear axis film rewind the axis of the toothed drum of that drum 21 ( fig. 28.6)
Gets lost counter The spring has weakened, so Remove the cover 5 ( fig. personnel creating friction between 28, a) frame counter and ring 3 and cover 5 to strengthen the ring spring (fig. 28, a)
Gate
A shutter is installed on the Smena-2 camera, which, in terms of its structure and principle of operation, is no different from that of the Lyubitel-2 camera. To disassemble the shutter, you need to sleep
58 chal to set the metering ring to the position corresponding to aiming at "infinity", and then, having released the three stoppers, remove it. In order not to re-align the lens when assembling the shutter, it is recommended to hold the risk on the lens barrel opposite the antenna 8 ( fig. 28, a), and then carefully trace and note the direction of this risk at the moment the lens exits the screw thread in the shutter tube. Having unfolded the eccentric lock, they remove the bolt cover in the same way as when disassembling the camera of the "Amateur-2". Partial disassembly, repairs and basic shutter malfunctions are the same as those of the “Lyubitel-2” camera. To disassemble the valve completely, it is necessary to remove the valve from the body together with the flange by unscrewing four screws on the flange 7. On the back side of the flange there are three screws securing the valve base. If unscrewed, the valve base can be removed from the body.
Lens
The Smena-2 camera has a three-lens illuminated anastigmat T-22. Lens focal length 40 mm, aperture ratio 1: 4.5. A lens with a diaphragm is assembled in a frame with a worm thread, which is screwed into the tube of the shutter body. Focusing is carried out by rotating the lens, setting the digital mark of the desired distance opposite the antenna 8.
Installation of a b ek t and in a focus with. The lens in the Smena-2 camera is set to focus on frosted glass or on an autocollimator with the shutter open at the shutter speed B and with the meter ring removed.
After accurately setting the lens to “infinity”, put on and fix the meter ring with stoppers so that the stop pin on the meter ring, corresponding to the aiming at “infinity”, is aligned with the antenna 5 of the shutter pad. If the aperture index, after setting the lens to focus, is positioned incorrectly in relation to the digital marks on the meter ring, you need to drill a new index and pour paint into it, and remove the paint from the old index.
CAMERA "Smena-4"
In the Smena-4 camera (Fig. 30) the viewfinder, camera body and lens are the same as in the Smena-2 camera. Minor changes have been made to the film rewind head and frame counter.
59 Figure: 30 Smena-4 camera;
I - shutter-release button; 2 - frame counter dial, 3 - viewfinder lens; 4 - trigger, 5 - a ring with a film grade indicator, 6 - pad, 7 - camera body
paratha, 8 - lens, nine - winding lever
Trigger mechanism The trigger mechanism is installed instead of the film rewinding head. To disassemble it, you need to clockwise (left thread) unscrew the ring 5 with the scale. There is a round pad under the ring, held screw, unscrewing which, open access to the stupas to the trigger mechanism. The trigger mechanism (fig. 31) consists of a pawl 2, sitting freely on the axis one and the pressed spring 3
to the ratchet wheel 5, put on a square 4 film rewind axis. When the trigger is turned 6 dog 2,
resting on the ratchet wheel 5, the axis rotates 4. Below, under the trigger, a spring is placed in a special casing that returns the trigger to its original position. Figure: 31. Trigger mechanism: 1 - axis; 2 - dog, 3 -spring Most often, the profile of the dog deteriorates 4 - square, 5 - ratchet wheel, 6 - trigger in the trigger mechanism 2
60 and ratchet wheel 5, and when the trigger is turned 6 axle with fork does not rotate. If, removing the pawl from the axle and bending the spring 3 so that it more strongly presses the dog to the ratchet wheel, the defect cannot be eliminated, then you need to saw the dog more sharply, and, after removing the ratchet wheel from the square of the axis, turn it over to the opposite side. When assembling, it is very important to tighten the cover with 1 screw 2
(fig. 32) so that the trigger has no axial play.
Frame counter and trigger
In the Smena-4 camera, the shutter release is interlocked with the frame counter button. Such blocking guarantees against accidental skipping of frames, but does not exclude accidental re-exposure to a previously taken frame. In this regard, there is no external release lever on the Smena-4 camera shutter. Trigger control brought out to the rear side of the shutter.
Figure: 32. Frame counter and shutter Figure: 33. Descent device howling rod: / - pad, 2 - screw, 3 - disk; 4 - spring, 5 - limb, 6 - trigger kernel
In fig. 32 shows the frame counter with the cover removed, where you can see that the method of mounting the disk 3 with index changed. Friction between frame counter cover and disc 3 created by a spring 4. Between limb 5 and spring 4 there must be a washer, otherwise the end of the spring 4 will fall between the rsyu and the bushing of the dial and jam the frame counter. The release button with a spring and a flag is removed together with the frame counter cover in the same way as in the Smena-2 camera.
On the button of the frame counter there is a checkbox, which in the working position is located above the trigger 6 and when the release button is pressed, it presses this rod.
In fig. 33 the opposite end of the trigger is visible 3, protruding from the housing which acts in the direction of the arrow when the release button is pressed one and lowers down
61 machine tool 4, which, in turn, presses the pin of the shutter release lever, which is under the bar 4. Spring 2 returns the bar 4 to the starting position. Sometimes the shutter does not release when the shutter is pressed. To eliminate this malfunction, you need the end of 1 strip 4 bend up towards the rod 3, thereby reducing the idle travel of the release button.
Gate
The shutter of the Smena-4 camera is the same as that of the Smena-2 camera, except for the release lever, which, instead of an external release, has a pin protruding from the rear side of the shutter. In addition to the malfunctions inherent in the “Amateur-2” camera shutter, in the “Smena-4” shutter this pin may loosen, and the shutter will not work when the shutter is pressed. If this defect is not eliminated after adjusting the trigger, it is necessary to partially disassemble the shutter, pull the trigger lever out of it and firmly rivet the loose pin, CHAPTER III
CURTAIN CAMERAS
The FED camera is one of the most widespread modern small format cameras intended for photographing on 35 mm perforated film. Particular compactness, versatility, simplicity and reliability of the design made the FED camera very popular both among amateur photographers and professionals. The Krasno Gorsk Mechanical Plant, having started the production of a camera of the same type as the FED camera, gave it the name "Sharp". Subsequently, the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant launched the serial production of Zorky cameras of various models, including: the Zorkiy-2 camera is equipped with an auto trigger; "Zorkiy-s" and "Zorkiy-2s" have synchro-devices; the cameras "Zorkiy-5" and "Zorkiy-6" use the most advanced method of transporting the film using a trigger "device.
The FED camera is no different from the Zorkiy camera, and therefore will not be considered separately. Everything that has been said about the Zorky camera also applies to the FED camera.
1. CAMERA "ZORKY"
In fig. 34 shows the appearance of the Zorkiy camera. Behind the water head 2 serves for winding the curtain shutter and simultaneously rewinding the film to the next frame. Limbo one the frame counter is connected to the crown by a friction clutch. After loading the camera with film, the dial is set to zero division by rotating it by the pins 3 counterclockwise until aligned with the index engraved on the top mounting cover 17.
Shutter button 5 the shutter is protected by a safety rim 6, preventing the involuntary release of the shutter. The release button 5 has a thread for a flexible cable.
Switch 4 designed to disconnect the closing mechanisms from the transporting drum when rewinding the film.
Exposure crown 7 has the following digital markings: 20, 30, 40, 60, 100, 200, 500, corresponding to fractions of a second and Z, corresponding to bulb exposure.
63 To set the required shutter speed, opposite the index 8 set the appropriate digital mark.
Terminal ten is designed to be installed on the camera of various devices and devices (universal viewfinder, reproduction attachment, self-timer, flash lamp). A positive lens is rolled in the viewfinder eyepiece frame, which together with the negative (objective) lens 11 creates
Figure: 34. Camera "Sharp": one - counter dial coke button; 6frames; - safety 2 bezel;- crown; 7 - the head of excerpts; 8 - index;3 nine- pin; - 4-support switch; with 5- down-a wedge; ten - terminal; // - viewfinder lens; 12 - rangefinder shield; 13 - vnnt- Vaglushka; 14 - frame with protective glass; 15 - axis; 16 - rewind head;
17 - upper editing room cap; eighteen - body camera; 19 - bottom cap; 20 ~ - lens "Industar-22 * telescopic viewfinder optical system. Frame with optical wedge enclosed in a decorative frame nine, shaped like a frame 14 with protective glass. Head 16, used for rewinding the film, for convenience rises up. Housing eighteen the camera is closed from below by a removable cover 19. Cover screw 13 closes the hole through which the rangefinder is adjusted.
PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
The design of the Zorkiy camera is very convenient for repair. It is enough to remove the housing and the rangefinder shield from it in order to gain access to almost all mechanisms. Before parsing-
34 Which camera need to remove the bottom cover 19 and unscrew the lens. Then remove the lens flange, which is screwed with four screws to two strips located on the inside of the body eighteen. There are spacers under the lens flange, which must be removed together with the flange to avoid re-focusing the lens; without disturbing their location.
To remove the camera body, you need to unscrew four screws on its front side and six screws located around the edge of the upper mounting cover 17. Taking off the case,
you need to drown the rangefinder cam with your finger so as not to bend it. To remove the rangefinder shield 12, the following parts must be removed: the terminal ten, exposure head 7, cover screw 13 rangefinder, the screw securing the rangefinder shield at the back, and also unscrew the frames 9, 14 and the eyepiece of the rangefinder and viewfinder. The frames are unscrewed with special pliers with soft metal (red copper, aluminum) sponges glued to them and bored to the shape of the eyepieces. It is necessary to remember the thread that the screws securing the terminal ten, have heads with countersunk screws. The screws holding the housing have lenticular heads, and the screw screwed into the mounting cover from the eyepiece side of the viewfinder is shorter than the others.
Conveyor units
When transporting the film from the cassette to the take-up spool during photographing and when rewinding it from the take-up spool back to the cassette for reloading, the following units of the transport mechanism are involved (Fig. 35): crown 3, on the axis of which a frame counter is mounted, a brake coil spring and a clutch of the receiving coil 4, transporting drum 5, connected to the crown 3, film rewinding switch, pressure table with springs and film rewinding unit. On the shutter body 6 there are guidelines 8 for the film. There is a pressure table in the recess on the inner side of the camera body. The operation of the entire transport mechanism depends on the serviceability of the guides and the pressure table.
The transporting mechanism works as follows, When the crown is turned 3 simultaneously rotates the transport drum 5 and the clutch 4 with take-up reel. Conveyor Drum Teeth 5 grab the film and move it from the cassette to the take-up spool, which winds the film around itself. Pressure table driven by two flat springs
presses and aligns the film before the personnel window 7 on the shutter body 6. Due to the braking created by the coil spring nine head / rewind, tape from the cassette to the take-up spool is fed with some tension. When turning the crown 3 clockwise until it stops
5 Zak. 680 6 5 the transporting drum 5 is rotated by one revolution, which corresponds to the advance of the film through eight perforations, that is, by one frame. The counter counts the number of exposed frames. After exposure of the entire film for reloading the camera, the film must be rewound from the take-up spool back to the cassette To do this, using the shutdown mechanism, disconnect the transport drum from the crown and shutter mechanisms Pulling up
Fig 35 Conveyor units 1 - film rewind head 2 - bezel of the release button 3 - crown, 4 - friction of the receiving hut> pulley 5 - transporting drum, 6 - box shutter release, 7 - frame window, 8 - film guides, nine - spring
and by rotating the rewind head /, the film is rewound into the cassette. The conveyor drum, driven by the perforations of the moving film, rotates and rotates the associated safety rim 2 the release button, which has a control point. Each revolution of this point corresponds to one rewound
back frame
Frame counter
The frame counter is mounted on the crown axis.It consists of the following parts (Fig. 36). washers with support bush Coy 1, limba 2, split into 40 divisions, springs 4} fixed on the sleeve 3 crown, and locking screw 5 The principle of dey The effect of the frame counter lies in the fact that the limb 2, fastened by means of friction on the axis of the crown, rotating
66 together with the crown, after each revolution it lags behind the index engraved on the mounting cover by one division. This happens because the gear, mounted on the axis behind the water head, has 40 teeth, and the gear driven by it of the porting drum has 39 teeth But since the stop shutter is connected to the transport drum, which makes one revolution with each shutter start, then the driving gear of the crown, together with the frame counter mounted on it, lags one tooth at each revolution, which corresponds to one division of the frame counter, or one is photographed new frame.
To-clear the account chick frames, you need to unscrew the clockwork head, preliminarily weakening locking screw 5, remove the dial 2 and washer with support sleeve one
Collect and regulate frame counter in this sequence.
First On the clockwork axis Fig 36 Frame counter details heads establish washer 1 and a limb is put on its support sleeve 2 The support sleeve must necessarily protrude above the limb 2, otherwise, it will be tightened tightly behind the water crown.Twist the crown together with the spring attached to it, check whether the dial does not touch 2 behind the cover, and if it touches, you need to put several thin gaskets under the washer 1. After that, check the rotation of the dial, which must rotate with some effort, otherwise it will go astray. However, the force must be such that, by grasping the limb by the pins, it can be set to zero. Spring force 4 can be adjusted by bending or unbending it. After making sure that the frame counter is working properly, tighten the locking screw 5 on the crown.
When disassembling and assembling the frame counter, you need to take care not to spoil the spiral locking spring, which is located on the axis of the crown, therefore, during disassembly and assembly, you need to press the axle with the friction to the upper mounting cover
Take-up spool clutch
In fig. 37 shows the friction of the take-up coil, which is mounted on the same axis with the crown 6. It consists of a drum 4 with 5 spring paws milled on it, a strong spiral spring 3 and nuts 2.
5 * 67 The main purpose of the clutch is to provide slip of the take-up spool. Due to the fact that one revolution of the transporting drum is approximately equal to one revolution of the take-up reel, and the diameter of the take-up reel increases all the time as the film is wound on it, the take-up reel cannot be rigidly connected to the crown, since in this case , as the coil diameter increases, it
will wind more film on itself than the transport drum feeds each revolution, and as a result
prongs transporting drum begin to tear the tape. It is widely believed that when the film is rewound, the take-up reel pulls the film. This is not true. The receiving coil only winds the film on itself, transports it
drum. As the diameter of the take-up spool increases, the friction of the take-up spool begins to slip. The force of the friction clutch should be such that it ensures a tight winding of the film onto the take-up spool.
To disassemble the clutch, it is enough to unscrew the nut 2. Having assembled the clutch, check its adjustment as follows: putting the take-up spool on the drum (a little not to the end so that the Fig. 37 Clutch when edge of the drum is visible on) and rotating it, they removable coil look to see if the drum rotates at the same time. If friction
between the spool and the drum is insufficient and the take-up spool does not rotate the drum, you need to slightly bend the spring paws with any sharp tool 5 and check the adjustment again. The friction between the take-up spool and the drum should be slightly greater than the friction created by the spring. 3 between the drum and behind the water gear. Only under this condition will the film wind well and the take-up spool can be easily removed.
There are several common faults in the take-up spool clutch, due to which the film is wound on the transport drum and the camera breaks down.
If the clutch spring is weak or there is not enough friction between the drum 4 and the take-up spool, then after 10-15 shots the film on the take-up spool will be loosely wound and the diameter of the wound film will become so large that the teeth of the transporting drum 1 begin to grip the film. When 5-7 turns of film are wound on the transporting drum,
68 the camera will jam. To correct such a defect, it is necessary to remove the camera body, cut the film that has soaked on the transport drum with a knife and remove it, and then adjust the friction and take-up spool. The same malfunction can be caused by the fact that the cheeks of the take-up reel are crumpled and the distance between them is less than the width of the film. As a result, the film is wound over the crumpled cheeks, and the diameter of the wound film rapidly increases. The third reason for the same defect may be a faulty flat spring on the take-up spool, under which the charging end of the film is being fed. If this spring does not hold the loading end of the film poorly, it can jump off and fall on the transport drum, as a result of which the film will be wound around it, and not on the take-up spool. The last two faults are eliminated.
Film rewind switch
When the transport drum is turned off, the film rewind switch (fig. 38) performs two actions simultaneously:
1) retracting the release gear 5, disengages the gear of the transfer drum with the gears of the winding mechanism; 2) withdrawing with a sleeve 3 release pin from the drive pin on the transport drum, releases the transport drum.
When moving the switch 6 from the working position to position B (off) the cam of the switch 7 abuts against the flange 4 release gear 5 and shifts it, disengaging from the gears 7 and 2 of the winding mechanism and the gear of the transporting drum. At the same time the liner 3, shifting with you pressing gear 5, abuts with the opposite end against the flange of the release gear and its finger is removed from the finger on the transporting drum.
In fig. 40 release gear visible 4 with flange 3 and holding spring 7, screwed 8. The sleeve has been removed for clarity. If the switch is moved to the working position, then the release gear 4 ( and with it the sleeve, which is not shown in the figure), under the action of the spring 7, engages with the gears 2 and 6. If the spiral spring 7 weakens, then its force is not enough to hold the release gear in working positions 4; in this case, during the start of the shutter, the crackle of the skipping teeth is heard.
To eliminate the involuntary shutdown of the release gear, it is necessary to disassemble the shutter completely, since it is not possible to remove the sleeve from the bushing of the release gear in any other way and gain access to the spiral spring 7. Having disassembled the shutter and removing
69 sleeve, unscrew the screw 8, remove and stretch the coil spring 7.
Before assembling the camera, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the flange 3 of the release gear 4. Sometimes cam 5 spoils the flange profile 3, bending its edges, as a result of which the reverse switch does not always turn off rolls of film. There are cases, when the sleeve flange due to improper use of the camera Tom jumps over flange release gear 12. Such malfunction is eliminated in most cases without disassembling the camera. It is enough to remove the bottom cover of the camera and, by pressing on the sleeve flange, lower it under the trigger gear flange.
Film rewind unit
The film rewinding unit (Fig. 39) is arranged as follows. Film rewind head 8
screwed onto axle 7 with a groove into which the Figure 38. Film rewind switch ' end of the screw fits 6, pull back 8 upward for easy rewinding. The soya bandage makes three 1 - winding gear, 2 - idler gear, 3 - guil for, 4 - flange, parts at the same time. It's wrapped in ring thread 5, 5 - clutch release goes through the hole in the plug / and gear, 6 - switch, 7 - switch cam
fits into the groove of the axle 7. Fork 1 rotates in the bushing 4, pressed into the top mounting cover 3. Spring 2 provides the necessary film tension when photographing.
If you unscrew the screw 6, then the entire unit can be disassembled into its component parts. When ruffling the rewind unit, it is necessary between the fork shoulder 1 and the spring 2 to insert a polished steel washer. If the assembly is assembled without a washer, then sharpen the chopped off end of the spring 2 will scratch the plug one, the fork will rotate violently and jerkily, which may cause the film to break. Screw down screw 6, you need to place the groove in the axis 7 exactly opposite the screw hole 6, otherwise, screwing in the screw may damage the groove.
After assembling the assembly between the bushing 4 and ring 5 a slight longitudinal play should be felt, selected by spring 2. If the clearance is large, the end of the spring 2 fits between the end of the sleeve 4 and fork ledge 1 and will jam the knot.
70 Ease of head rotation 8 must be checked in both directions, since in the direction of the spring winding 2 it can rotate easily, and in the opposite direction it can jam.
After assembly, all rubbing surfaces must be lubricated. Sometimes in a retracted position, the head 8 rotates easily, but tight in the skinned. This comes from the skew of the bushing 4 in the mounting cover 3, resulting in a head 8 clings to the flap nine. Eliminate this problem without disassembling the rewind unit. It is enough to delay the head 8 and bend it with a little effort. her away from the shield nine.
Camera body and clamp little table
Serviceable camera body and correct Figure: 39 Reverse assembly established hold-down film rewind / - plug, 2 -spring, 3 - top" table ensure the normal operation of everything new mounting cover, transporting mechanism, 4 - bushing, 5 - ring, 6 - screw, 7 - axis, 3 - head reverse The pressure table is located in the gap formed by the rewind, nine - shntoc camera body and guides on the body behind
and is kept from falling out by a circular groove on the inner side of the camera body. In the groove of the camera body there are two flat elastic springs that easily press the table against the guides on the shutter body.
In a camera loaded with film, there should be a small gap between the pressure table and the camera body, allowing free passage of the film.
If the buttons on the leather case of the camera are tight, then when the case is closed, the soft aluminum body of the shutter bends, and the pressure table presses on the film not by the action of the press springs, but by the force of the bending body. To fix the bent body of the camera, it is carefully straightened with a wooden mallet on a special metal blank, made exactly to the internal dimensions of the serviceable body. The valve body is covered with a brittle vulcanized rubber layer. If, after straightening, the pieces of pasting bounced off, they are glued with shellac glue.
Clockwork and trigger mechanisms
After partial disassembly of the camera, it is convenient to follow the operation of the winding and trigger mechanisms of the shutter (Fig. 40). When the crown is turned, the transport starts to move
71 drum nine, winding gear one at assistance to intermediate 2 and clutch release 4 gears. The transport drum has a guide pin 13, rotational ten, mounted on the trigger gear 12. The reduction gear, in turn, rotates a limit gear constantly meshed with it, transmitting the rotation to the gear, mounted on the same axis with the pulleys and the drum of the shutter
shutter. During the shutter winding, the curtains and straps are unwound from the spring rollers and wound onto the rotating pulleys and the shutter drum. Spring rollers,
on which the ends of the straps and the curtain are fixed, they tend to return them to their original position. To prevent this from happening, on the axis of the clockwork wheel one brake spring installed.
In the wound position the bolt is held by this spring located on the winding gear, and in the deflated
- a pin located on the bottom wall of the valve body, against which the groove of the limiting gear rests.
If, when the trigger is started, the Figure: 40 Clockwork and Launch Mech release button is pressed, then it, together nisms: with the release gear 12 will go down, one - groovy gear, 2 - intermediate naya gear, 3 - flange, 4 - release gear, 5 - cam, 6 - gear wheel while the finger ten unlocked with a finger 13 of transport sorting drum. 7 - spring, the transporting drum, and under the 8 - screw, nine - transporting drum, action of the spring rollers the lock will ten and 13 - fingers, // - trigger axis, 12 - release gear work.
The operation of the curtain shutter is considered in more detail in the description of the shutter speed mechanism. Braking device of the winding mechanism shown in fig. 41. To disassemble the brake mechanism, you need to unscrew the crown, having previously loosened its locking screw, and remove the frame counter dial. Under the frame counter dial there are two screws 7, which are 6 fix the curly end of the coil spring 3. Having unscrewed these screws, take out the water gear 5, on the neck 4 which has a brake spring 3 with ring one.
72 The diameter of the brake spring must always be slightly smaller than the journal 4, which she puts on. When the spring 3 worn on the neck 4 clockwork gear 5, she acts as follows as follows: if the winding gear $ rotates in the opposite direction, winding a spiral brake spring 3, then the spring unwinds, its diameter increases slightly and it does not hinder rotation. If the clockwork gear 5 try to rotate in the direction of winding the coil spring 3, then its turns will tighten even more tightly around the neck 4 and will not allow the gear to rotate. So that when the winding gear 5 rotates, the brake spring 3 died more than once,
it is protected by a limiter ring one. The braking device is assembled in the following order. On the neck 4 winding gear 5 first put on p d) one turn retaining spring 3, a then the stop ring 1, which is inserted behind the curly protrusion of the locking spring 3, thrown over the axis behind the water head 2 so that it rests on the brake spring and the shaped end of the brake spring protrudes from the groove on the stop ring 1.
The assembled winding gear with a brake device is inserted into the sleeve, fixed on the assembly room Cover, plank 6 and screws 7 fix- Draw the figured end of the 41 Brake device lock spring, and then collect the counter cad swarm
moat and install the shutter crown. After assembling the winding mechanism, check the action of the brake spring. Having started the shutter all the way and without releasing the crown, they remember which division of the frame counter the index was located, and then, releasing the crown, they look at how many divisions the frame counter has moved in the opposite direction. Free backward motion should not exceed one division of the frame counter, since the correctness of the frame counter readings, as well as the correct arrangement of the details of the exposure mechanism, depend on this.
The complete absence of reverse motion also adversely affects the operation of the camera, - Correcting the brake spring 3, you need to pay all attention to the first two turns, starting from the curly end, and bend them so that they tightly fit the neck 4 winding gear 5.
73 Exposure control mechanism
The principle of operation of the mechanism for adjusting the shutter speeds of the Zorky photographic apparatus is taken as a basis in almost all models of domestic cameras with curtain shutters. The main purpose of the mechanism is to automatically operate the shutter speeds set by the shutter speed dial. The exposure mechanism is shown in Fig. 42, a, where its following parts are visible: brake latch 5, spring 4 brake latch, stop 3 latch brake, brake cam 6, drive you support 8 and shutter speed lever nine.
Figure: 42. Construction of the shutter speed mechanism: a - shutter speed mechanism, 6 - details of the vyder mechanism zhek 1 - support ring, 2, 7 and 13 - screws, 3 - emphasis; 4 and eleven - springs; 5 - brake latch, 6 - brake cam, 8 - shutter speed disc, nine - lever arm excerpts; ten -finger; 12 -pin
The shutter speed head with the shutter speed values engraved on it is attached to the shutter speed lever bushing using one of two stops nine.
Exposure disc 8 has the same number of holes as the shutter speed values are on the shutter speed head, Each hole in the shutter speed dial corresponds to a specific shutter speed on the shutter speed dial. Exposure disc 8 rigidly connected with a through screw 13 with an axis on which pulleys with curtain shutter straps are located. Brake cam 6 ' connected to the roller shutter by means of a clutch with a finger.
74 Brake latch 5 is always pressed against the stop 3 spring 4 double acting. This spring tends to lower the brake latch 5 down and at the same time presses it against the stop 3. The brake latch is operated by two springs: a spring presses on it from above 4, and from the bottom, from the side of the lower cover, it is lifted by a very strong flat spring, which easily overcomes the resistance of the upper spring 4.
To disassemble the shutter speed mechanism, you need to unscrew the screw 7 and remove the shutter lever nine together with the spring eleven. In order to remove the brake from the mounting cover by the click 5, you need to throw off the free end of the spring 4. To correct the shape of the spring 4 it must be removed from the support ring one, to which it is screwed 2. Details of the shutter speed mechanism are shown in Fig. 42.6, where, in addition to the already known details, a spring is visible eleven, pressing the shutter speed lever nine to shutter speed disc 8, and also the pin 12, which fixes the position of the shutter speed lever nine, entering the shutter speed dial 8 and finger ten.
In order to understand the interaction of the parts of any shutter, it is necessary to observe how the shutter speed "freehand" Z (or B) is fulfilled by this shutter.
If you press the shutter release button while the shutter is running, having previously set the shutter speed lever to hole Z, the trigger gear with a finger will go down and free from the finger holding it on the transport drum, and the first (short) shutter, which under the action of the spring The squeeze roller will start to wind on it and open the bolt Since the end of the trigger gear shaft will go down when the release button is pressed, it will squeeze out the lower (strong) spring, as a result of which, under the action of the upper spring, the brake latch will also drop down and block the path of the brake cam 6. The second shutter will not close due to the fact that it is held by the clutch pin, which is connected to the brake cam, and the brake cam is held in the recess of the brake latch that has dropped down. If you start to release the release button, then the lower strong spring will begin to rise, which, easily overcoming the resistance of the spring acting towards it 4
release latch, will start to lift the brake latch 5. The upwardly lifting brake latch will release the brake cam held by it, which in turn will release the bar on which the second (long) curtain is attached. Under the action of the spring roller, the ribbons of the second curtain attached to it will begin to wind on it, and the curtain will unroll from the vacated drum and close the shutter. Thus, the shutter worked out the shutter speed Z, that is, while the shutter was pressed, it was open, and when the shutter was released, it closed.
75 To understand the purpose of the shutter speed lever nine, you need to start the shutter again, press the shutter button, but focus on the shutter speed lever. After pressing the shutter button, together with the opening of the first (short) curtain, it will start to rotate and the shutter speed dial 8 with shutter speed lever 9. Shutter speed lever finger 10 nine stops at some distance from the brake latch 5, without touching her. If you start the shutter again and move the shutter speed lever to the next hole in the shutter speed dial, corresponding to 1/20 sec, and press the release button, it will be found that the shutter speed lever, having described an arc, at the end of its stroke will touch the brake latch with a finger ten, and it, in turn, will release the brake cam, and the second curtain will automatically close, although the finger continues to hold the release button down.
If you press the shutter release button with one hand and hold the shutter speed lever with the other hand and release it slowly, you can discover the last detail in the operation of the shutter speed control mechanism; finger 6 the shutter speed lever will begin to release the brake latch at the moment when the first (short) curtain almost completely opens the frame window. Therefore, the slit width at exposure 1/20 sec will be equal to the width of the frame window, (In what follows, we will call the width of the slot the distance that the first (short) curtain will have time to pass by the time the second (long) curtain begins to move in pursuit of it.
If you check in the same way (alternately moving the shutter speed lever to each next hole of the shutter speed dial) and all other shutter speeds, it turns out that the earlier on its way the finger of the exposure lever meets the brake latch, the sooner it releases the second curtain, the narrower the resulting the gap between the shutters and the shorter the exposure (shutter speed) will be.
Since the shutter speed is constant at any shutter speed, therefore, the shutter speed will depend only on the width of the slit. To adjust the width of the slit, a shutter speed control mechanism is provided.
T a b l and c a 7
Malfunctions of the shutter speed control mechanism
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
With smooth pressure 1. Brake latch Remove the brake trigger buttons over- too high under- click and shorten its shaft creation shutter speed "Z" is ny with respect to slips brake cam
76 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
2. Brake latch Remove the brake lost mobility crack, polish it (vertically) after rod and grease with watch oil contamination and corrosion
3. Spring has come off Before installing the spring that brake latch has jumped into place, you must
can fix its shape and thereby prevent po hard jumping off
4. Brake latch Rivet the rod into staggers on his the connection point with the brake rod latch
5. Large back Bring back move groovy heads the crown is back to normal (no shutter more than one division of the frame counter). See page 71 "Clockwork and Triggers"
Shutter on excerpt Due to duration If the touch is insignificant Z works like 1/20 sec operation or corporeal, then enough as a result wrong file a finger ten ( rice, Noah assemblies shutter 42.6) where it touches the brake increased stroke lever latch. If excerpts, and at the end of his the touch is significant, move concerns then you need to parse brake latches and shutter and change the engagement takes her away between limit tel gear and drum gears
At Z, the creature remains 1. Brake latch Fold back the brake open, too low click up and on the rest, the wife works normally in relation to the kakh brake cam
2. Brake latch Strengthen the brake staggers on the rod crack, riveting erased zhen at the junction
3. Loose or loose Tighten the screws that flat spring rymi reinforced flat (with parties bottom spring, and if this does not help, cover) then remove and reinforce the flat spring Not are established Unscrewed screw 7 Screw up before stop excerpts (fig. 42.6,) with which the shutter screw 7 (Fig.42.6) speed lever is attached
77 Curtain shutter
The curtain shutter is mounted in the shutter body, which is attached to the top mounting cover with three screws. Before proceeding with the complete disassembly of the shutter, you must first partially disassemble the camera, and then disassemble the shutter speed control mechanism.
In fig. 43, and the parts of the curtain shutter remaining on the mounting cover are visible. Drive coupling 2 with pin 1 is held in the bushing due to the brake cam attached to the back side. On the mounting cover, in addition to the rangefinder parts, there is also a shield 3, bar-reinforced 4.
R ezb about rk and z and t in about r and. To remove the curtains with a drum and rollers, you need to unscrew two curly nuts on the bottom wall of the shutter body (Fig. 43.6) 12 from the axes of the spring rollers, having previously unscrewed the locking screws eleven. Curly nuts 12 have a left-hand thread. So that the light shield does not interfere with the subsequent assembly of the shutter, it must be removed together with the spring 9 by unscrewing the screws ten. The general view of the curtain shutter (without the top mounting cover) is shown in Fig. 43, c, where visible: long curtain 19, glued to the drum 15, short curtain 23, glued to the spring roll 29, and short curtain ribbons glued to the pulleys 14 and 17. Each curtain is sewn to the corresponding ribs 21 and 22; the ribbons of the blinds are sewn to the same edges. Drum 15 freely rotates on the axis eighteen, and the pulleys 14 and 17 fixed on it rigidly Rollers 26 and 31 protect ribbons from abrasion. Spring rollers 29 and thirty have winding multi-coil springs inside the spring roller 29 is shown in an exploded view in Fig. 43, g (spring roller thirty has the same device). Multi-turn coil spring 37 one end soy dinen with an axis 25, and the other enters the hole of the sleeve 36 and is secured during assembly by a roller screwed onto this sleeve 29.
The curtain shutter operates as follows: both curtains are always under constant tension, created by the spiral springs of the rollers 29 and thirty, regardless of whether the shutter is wound or released. If you start the shutter and then press the release button, then under the action of the spring roller 29 the short curtain will start to wind on it, and its ribbons will start to unwind from the pulleys 14 and 17, rotating them.
Gear 35, mounted on the same axis with the pulleys, rotating, transmits rotation to the limit gear 13, having a groove inside. The short (first) shutter will open until the stop gear rests against the end of its pa for the stop screw 6, screwed into the bottom wall of the case by the door. This stop screw with its head enters into the groove of the limit gear 13 and limits the movement of the curtains from the extreme wound up to the extreme lowered position.
78 a-parts located on mounting cover, b - bottom wall corps shutter in - shutter body with shutter assembly, r - spring roller 1-finger, 2 - drive coupling, 3i 33 - shields, 4 and 32 - plate. 5 - holes for axles b-stop screw, 7- nut, 8 - limit pinion axle, 9-spring 10 and 11-screws, 12- curly nuts, 13- limit gear, 14 and 17 - pulleys 15 - drum, 16 and 28 - holes in the case 18, 25 and 27 - axis. 19-long (second) curtain. twenty n 24 - ribbons. 21 n 22 - borkn 23 - short (first) curtain, 26 and 31 - rollers. 29 and 30 - spring rollers. 34 - building for creation, 35 - gear. 36 - sleeve, 37-spring Under the action of the shutter speed mechanism, after a certain time set in advance by the shutter speed head, the long (second) curtain will also begin to move. 19, unwinding off the drum 15 n on rolling with your ribbons on a spring roller thirty, closing
thus the shutter. There is an established belief that the shutter should not be left running. This is not true, since the coil spring of the roller has 65-70 turns, and when the shutter is wound, it winds up another one and a half turns. Thus (in terms of turns), each coil of the coil spring will wind up another 1/50 of a turn and, of course, will not have any effect on the “fatigue” of the spring.
Before assembling the shutter, it is necessary to lubricate all rubbing parts with watch oil. It is especially important to lubricate the axles 25 and 27 rollers and axle eighteen drum, otherwise squeaking and rattling sound will be heard during shutter operation. The axles of the spring rollers need to be lubricated very lightly, and to lubricate the axle eighteen drum 15, it is necessary to remove the pulley 14, for which you need to slightly peel off the tape from this pulley, which covers the head of the screw that secures the pulley 14 to the axis eighteen When lubricating the parts of the curtain shutter, care must be taken that oil does not get on the curtains, as they then warp.
Assembly. Before putting the curtain assembly into the shutter body, it is first laid out on the table and carefully straightened each strap, and then the curtains and ribbons are correctly laid so that the collar 21 long curtain 19 lay on top of the bork 22 short curtain 23, and the ribbons passed under the rollers 26 and 31, as shown in fig. 43, b.
Taking the bolt body in the left hand 34, with the right hand they put the curtain assembly into it, and then reinforce the spring roller with curly nuts thirty, and then the spring roll 29. When fastening the spring rollers, you need to ensure that the curtain tape does not get confused, and correct them all the time. Ban bar gear 35 with limiting gear 13 hook at first arbitrarily Then, holding the drum axis so that it does not jump out of the hole in the valve body, start (until the curtains and straps align) spring rollers over the slots in the axles and fix the curly nuts with locking screws After that, you can clarify the correct engagement between the drum gear and the limit gear. If when rotating the axis
eighteen hand counterclockwise curtain 23 will stop after passing 4-5 mm beyond the edge of the frame window, the engagement is correct. The correctness of the engagement after the installation of the shutter body with the shutter assembly on the mounting cover is finally clarified.
When installing the mounting cover, one drive clutch 2 should go into the hole of the drum 15 long curtain. To do this, you need to do two preliminary operations: first, correctly position the pulley jumper 17 in relation to ot-
80 a hole in the drum and, secondly, you need to put the pin 1 of the driving clutch correctly in advance 2 opposite this hole. Hole 3 ( Figure 44) in the drum should be located on an imaginary straight line drawn between the center of the axis 2 drum and hole 4 for the fastening screw in the valve body 5.
Jumper 6 pulley 1 should be located so that on the right side it bounds the hole in the drum. If there is not one hole in the drum, but two, or the hole is not round, but oblong, then, all the same, the jumper
Fig. 44 Installing the roller shutter a - the location of the drum and pulley in the valve body, b - types of holes drum
should limit the remaining part of the hole to the right, as shown in fig. 44.6 In drums with two holes, the working one is oblong.
When assembling the shutter, take the mounting cover in your right hand, holding the brake cam with your index finger (so as not to upholster the correct position of the drive clutch with the finger), and take the shutter body to the left, holding the pulley and drum in a preset position with your thumb
When connecting the body to the mounting cover, attention should be focused only on the pin of the drive clutch, and when it enters the hole in the drum, adjust the trigger shaft so that it fits into the hole in the bottom wall of the bolt body.
After the pin of the drive clutch and the release axle fall into place, you can shift the bolt to your left hand. and with the right screw the screw through the hole 16 ( fig. 43) into the mounting cover. Then the axes 25 and 27 spring rollers must be directed into the holes 5 cover and screw the screw into the hole 28. After that, they first dissolve, and then wind up on
2.5-3 turns of spring rollers. Installing the brake latch 5 and putting the free end of the spring on it 4 ( fig. 42, a), check the correctness of the assembly by the brake When the shutter is turned on, the brake cam 6 must be located exactly in the middle of the cutout of the brake latch 5.
6 Zac 680 81 If, after the factory assembly, the shutter curtains did not re-stick, then after installing the curtain assembly according to Fig. 44 the shutter should be assembled exactly. If, nevertheless, the brake cam does not reach or goes beyond the middle of the cutout of the brake latch, then the engagement between the drum gear and the limit gear can be changed without disassembling the shutter again. To do this, simply unscrew the screw from the hole. 16 ( fig. 43) and, pulling the axis eighteen mounting cover with a drum from the valve body, disconnect the drum gear 35 with limiting gear 13. After
To do this, move the drum gear in relation to the limiting gear by 1-2 teeth in the desired direction and screw the screw back into place. After making sure that the shutter assembly is correctly assembled, screw in the third screw that connects the shutter body to the mounting cover, and proceed with assembling and adjusting the shutter speed mechanism and shutter shutter.
First, a lower shield is installed on the shutter body 33. Simultaneously with the installation of the lower shield, a spring is also installed nine. Having assembled the shutter speed mechanism, check the clarity of the shutters at shutter speed 2.
If any of the curtains is sluggish, then the corresponding spring roller is wound until the moment when both curtains work equally clearly both audibly and visually.
After checking the operation of the shutter at 2, it is checked at a shutter speed of 1/60 or 1/50 sec. At this exposure, it is easiest to check if the curtain tension is uneven. If the spring roller 29 the first curtain is rewound or, conversely, the spring roller thirty of the second shutter is undershot, then part of the second shutter (not glued to the drum) will lag behind the drum when the shutter is activated and create a loop in a narrow gap between the drum and the wall of the shutter body, and the travel of the second shutter will be uneven.
Checking the shutter operation at 1/60 sec, it is necessary, having well illuminated the shutter, look into the gap between the drum and the shutter body. With this view, at the moment the shutter is released, it is easy to detect even a slight lag of the second curtain from the drum.
To eliminate the uneven travel of the second curtain, it is necessary to increase the tension of the spring roller of the second curtain or loosen the tension of the spring roller of the first curtain. By adjusting the shutter speed at 1/60 sec, check Operate the shutter at the fastest shutter speed of 1/500 sec. At this speed, it is easiest to detect irregularities in the curtain tension, since in case of strong irregularities in the curtain tension, one curtain manages to catch up with the second during the shutter operation and close the slit.
With the correct (factory) gluing of the shutters, the slit width at shutter speed is 1/500 sec equal to about 3 mm.
82 The best way to detect uneven curtain tension is when viewing an illuminated sheet of white paper through the released shutter. The unevenness will be expressed in the fact that at the beginning the frame will be brightly lit, and as it progresses, the curtain will start to fade and by the end will completely darken.
To prevent the second (long) curtain from catching up with the first during operation, the tension of the first curtain should be increased or the tension of the second curtain should be loosened, depending on how these curtains “sound” when they are triggered on Z. triggered louder - release. Other exposures do not require special adjustment. You just need to check if they work.
T a b l and c a 8
Curtain shutter malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Shutter to end not Brake latch 5 Remove the rangefinder shield starts up, head you jumped over the stop and refit the brake latch no supports 3 ( Figure 42) in all positions
The shutter operates at all speeds Finger dropped ten growling Remove the rangefinder shield as at Z ha excerpts nine (fig. pa, find a dropped finger under it and 42.6) rivet it to the shutter speed lever
The shutter is not released Dirty, thickened To produce cleaning and at exposures 1/20. 1/30. 1/40 and la and the grease has dried lubrication of rubbing parts sometimes 1/60 sec, but for short shutter excerpts works
Osta shutter curtains Most probable Remove the camera body foolishly by cause malfunctions paratha and remove from behind placement Gate not - hit scraps scraps films. descends photographic film in gears Removing film scraps shutter you need to make sure that they are not left between the shafts and the valve body, as well as under drum shutters
Film light up 1 Ribbons tangled To unravel with the thread extraneous light For curtain shutter and you need to remove the camera body light limited times between the curtains and the lower measure of personnel framework called the gap light shield camera 2 One of the straps broke off or Glue the torn off was pulled, and a gap formed hanging tape or re-glue a stretched between the curtains those seed, by installing the boards curtains in parallel
6 * 83 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
3 Blinds shutter Small holes in- are torn or cracked and transmit light curtains can be glued or paint over with black la com
If the curtains wear foxes, they need to be replaced (see "Replacement worn out curtains ")
The shutter works through 1 As a result of many years of Reduce groove length frame work shutter restrictive gear elongated groove limit nor, pulling back its worn edge significant gears 13 (Figure 43, a)
2 Loose borders Disassemble completely special screw 6 ( rice shutter and tighten the stop screw 43.6) securely
Uneven exposure As a result, it is not equal Reduce tension- ning frame at measured tension INTO second curtain or wuxi cast shutter speeds 1 / 250-1 / 500 sec rock during triggering pulling the first one niya shutter second curtains (long) curtain wails catch up first (short) curtain
REPLACING YOUR SIDE CROWN If, for any reason, the curtains have worn out and need to be replaced, you must completely disassemble the camera and remove the curtain assembly. Before removing the old curtains, it is recommended to make marks on the drum 15 and pulleys 14 and 17. On the drum, a sharp tool is used to place the risk at the place where the long curtain starts gluing. 19. It is recommended to mark the places where the ribbons start gluing with a sharp knife, while cutting off the longer end of the ribbon, since the ribbons are almost always of different lengths. After marking, the curtains and straps can be torn off the drum and pulleys. Before applying a new long curtain to the drum, you need to put it on the old curtain and equalize them in length. Do the same with the curtain webbing. 23.
Curtains and tapes are glued with glue No. 88 or shellac. First, a long curtain is glued 19 to the drum 15, and then those seeds of the short curtain 23 to the pulleys 14 and 17. After the glue has dried, proceed to gluing the ribbons of the long curtain to the spring roller thirty, keeping complete parallelism between the bead 21 and a spring roller Glue the short curtain in the same way 23 to the spring roller 29.
84 Rangefinder
The principle of operation of the rangefinder of the Zorky camera is shown in Fig. 45
Rangefinders with a swiveling mirror or prism operate on the principle of superimposing one image contour on another - The rangefinder consists of a swiveling mirror 2, which rotates around its axis O, and a semitransparent mirror one. Distance between mirrors one and 2 makes up the base of the rangefinder. Through a translucent mirror one observe the object located at the point A, In this case, the image is formed by two beams of rays.
One - valid image - observed directly through the floor transparent mirror, and the other is imaginary - reflected by the mirror 2.
By rotating mirror 2, both images are aligned. By such the same the principle is also valid long distance measures with a movable prism, which is equipped with a camera "Sharp", the scheme of which is shown in fig. 46. When rotating the lens barrel 3 end of worm support 2 rests on the cam 4 Fig 45 Schematic diagram rangefinder work two-shoulder lever 7 and from tilts it This deviation is transmitted by the eccentric 8 through the adjusting screw nine and on the lever b, on which the prism is fixed 5, and moves the latter by a certain angle.When the lens moves back, the rangefinder mechanism acts in the opposite direction with the help of a spring ten Adjusting screw nine and cam 4 serve to adjust the rangefinder. By screw nine the rangefinder is set to "infinity", and the cam 4 the length of the lever arm 7 is adjusted and the correct reading of the rangefinder is set at the smallest distance for vodka (1 m).
R a z b about r c d al n o mera. To gain access to the remote number, you need to remove its shield. In the case 3 rangefinder (Figure 47, a) on the axis 2 the rangefinder lever with a prism is reinforced, and from the side of the shield 4 there is a translucent mirror You can remove the rangefinder lever with a prism without removing the rangefinder case
85 from the valve mounting cover. To do this, you need to peel off the shield 7, which protects the rangefinder from contamination, and loosen the four screws at the end of the lever with the prism that hold the axis 2, and then unscrew the nut 5 and remove the gasket and the spring of the rangefinder from under it. Pushing the axis upwards 2 from the rangefinder body, you can ... remove the rangefinder lever with a prism from it. In fig. 47.6 shows the details of the rangefinder taken from the case: the lever ten distance - numbers with a prism glued to it nine, spring 13, gasket 14, nut 15 and axis 2.
Fig. 46 Schematic diagram of the photo rangefinder apparatus "Sharp" 1 - translucent mirror, 2 - worm gear, 3 - objective, 4 - cam 5 - prism, 6 and 7 - levers, 8 - eccentricity
rick, nine - adjusting screw, 10 - spring
Using screw 11, provide sufficient friction between the rangefinder lever and the adjusting screw 12, so that it does not unscrew during operation.
Arrow side 4 ( fig. 47, a), if necessary, you can remove the translucent mirror, which is reinforced by means of a flat spacer spring. When removing a translucent mirror, you need to be careful, since touching it
- a light-separating layer comes off the surface. To remove the rangefinder housing, you need to unscrew five screws from the inside of the mounting cover. By removing the body from a distance measure, they gain access to the eccentric eighteen, on the axis of which flax is fixed with a screw twenty lever arm 17 ( fig. 47, b). There are times when an ex-centric eighteen rotates tightly in the sleeve. To remove the eccentric from rubbing, it must be removed from the bushing and polished.
Collect the number in reverse order. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the elimination of backlash in both fixed and moving elements of the rangefinder. First, an eccentric is installed in the bushing. eighteen. Then on a square
86 one or two washers are placed on the eccentric 19 and push the lever 17, tightening them tightly with a screw twenty. Eccentric longitudinal play should not be felt in the hub. If the backlash is felt, is it necessary? add washers.
Fig. 47 Rangefinder device a - rangefinder body, b - lever with a prism, in - lever with eccentric 1-4 - shields, 2 - axis 3 - building, 5 - nut, 6 - viewfinder lens, 7 - locking screws, 8 - groove for flat spring, 9 - prism, ten - lever arm, 11, 12, and twenty - screws, 13 - springs, 14 - gaskets, 15 - hole for adjusting the rangefinder, 16 - regulate leveling cam, 17 - lever arm, eighteen - eccentric, 19 - adjusting washers
Having eliminated the longitudinal play of the eccentric, install the rangefinder body and tighten it tightly with five screws. When installing the lever ten with a prism in the groove 5, a flat spring is laid in the base of the prism, which selects the backlash between the axis 2 and body 3 rangefinder. All rubbing parts must be lubricated.
R e gul and r about in c and d al n o mera. When adjusting the range finder, you need to unscrew the cover screw and the decorative wedge frame. First, the rangefinder is adjusted vertically by rotating the frame with a wedge in a fixed frame. To adjust the rangefinder, you need to make keys according to the size of the slots in the frame with a wedge and along the profile of the adjusting cams.
87 Having achieved a position when the contours of the object under consideration do not split vertically, they begin to adjust the rangefinder horizontally (in terms of range). First, set the rangefinder to "infinity" on the collimator or on an object at a distance of 200-300 m. To do this, set the lens to the “infinity” mark and use a thin screwdriver to rotate the adjusting screw through the hole in the distance shield until the contours of the target considered in the collimator (or the remote object) coincide. After setting the range finder to "infinity" check the readings of the range finder on the meter scale
- lens. Only the minimum aiming distance is subject to verification, i.e. 1 m.
If, when checking on a collimator or on an object set at a pre-measured (from the back of the camera) distance of 1 m, it turns out that on the meter scale of the lens, the distance turned out to be more or less than 1 m, then you need to change the length of the lever arm 17. Lever arm length 17 change
• by turning the adjusting cam 16. If, when pointing, the distance of the number is 1 m according to the meter scale of the lens, the distance is more than 1 m, then the adjusting cam 16 must be turned clockwise, and if less than 1 m, then vice versa - counterclockwise. After adjusting the rangefinder by 1 m and displacement of the adjusting cam, setting the rangefinder to "infinity" is lost and needs to be adjusted again. Thus, in turn, adjusting first "infinity", and then 1 m, achieve a position when, when aiming the rangefinder at a distance of 1 m the lens distance scale will be set at 1 m.
Lens The Zorky camera is equipped with an Industar-22 four-lens objective.
Technical specifications:
- Focal length, mm 52.4 Relative aperture, ...... 1 3.5 Image angle, hail ... 45 Working segment, mm, 28.8 ± 0.02 Resolution in lines per 1 mm in center field ...... 32 at the edges of the field twenty The optical design of the Industar-22 lens is the same for all lenses with this name. In fig. 48 shows an object - "Industar-22" in disassembled form, as well as its diagram. To disassemble the lens, you need to unscrew the nut with a special wrench one and a locking screw on the tube 2 and remove the lens unit from the barrel. There are shims between the barrel and the lens unit. 8. The lens is assembled in a frame of two blocks. In the rear block 7, two glued lenses are rolled up.
88 The rear unit cannot be disassembled. If you look at the lens from the side of the front lens, then inside the ring ten of the diaphragm, two more rings with slots are visible. The entire front block 11 can be turned out for the splines of the outer rings. The inner ring holds only the front objective lens, which is not recommended to be unscrewed unless absolutely necessary. Aperture ( similar to the aperture of the camera "Lyubitel") has a leash screw nine, which goes into the slot of the ring ten, The ring has an index by which the diaphragm is set.
Fig. 48. Lens "Industar-22": a - optical scheme, b - lens device 1 - nut, 2 - tube, lenses, 8 - shims, nine3 - stationary - vnt leash, ring ten - aperture ring, 11 - in wormfront * frames; 4 - persistent screw; 5 - a movable worm-gear ring, 6 - depth of field ring, 7 - rear block
ny lens unit
On a fixed ring 3 the worm gear engraved numbers indicating the aiming distance (in meters), and a stop screw is installed 4, unscrewing which, you can disassemble the frame to fix or replace the grease. On a moving ring 5 there is a button with a lock that locks the lens when set to "infinity", and a ring 6, intended to determine the depth of field. Assembling the lens does not cause any difficulties, you just need to correctly fix the lens in the tube so that the index on the aperture ring ten coincided with the mark of the minimum aperture opening.
INSTALLATION WORKING CUTTING ABOUT B ek t and in a. After When assembling the lens, you must check its flange distance. The working segment of the lens is the distance from the reference flange of the lens to the image plane of infinitely distant objects (to the main focal plane).
The working distance of the lens is always indicated in the passport of the camera. In fig. 49 shows its diagram. For all Zorkiy cameras (regardless of the model) it is 28.8 mm. The flange is set by selecting adjusting shims
89 the dock located between the worm gear and the lens unit, along the alignment tool. The test lens is installed in the device and, aiming the lens at an object remote at 100-200 m, rotate the ring until maximum sharpness of the observed image is obtained.
Each division of the vernier corresponds to a correction of 0.01 mm. Suppose that the vernier ring has +12 divisions, this means that the lens in the frame needs 0.12 mm lower it deeper. Having disassembled the lens as it was indicated above, and taking out the shims, measure their total thickness and select (or cut) them so that their total thickness is 0.12 mm thinner. The objective is complete, it is checked again on an adjustment
device. If the error does not exceed ± 0.02 mm, it can be neglected. Install the correct worker The segment can be done in other ways, for example, on an autocollimator, which is described in the next section.
CAMERA ADJUSTMENT
Alignment camera warehouses Figure: 49. Worker diagram It consists of three successive operations: setting the lens section working distance of the camera, setting the focal length of the lens and adjusting the rangefinder. When
When setting the working distance of the camera, the depth gauge is used to measure the distance from the flange (into which the lens is screwed) to the pressure table. The depth (working distance) is adjusted using paper spacers located on the floor with a flange.
In fig. 50 shows the correct position of the indicator - depth gauge 2 when measuring the working distance of the camera. To rod 3 the depth gauge indicator did not press the pressure table, it is pulled up by hand and lowered down until it touches the pressure table.
To install flange 1 correctly and without distortions, you need to measure the depth of the camera in all four corners of the frame window. The permissible error in this case should not exceed 0.02 mm. When setting the working distance of the camera, it is necessary to take into account that the film, located in front of the frame window, always bends within 0.03-0.05 mm towards the lens. Therefore, setting the working distance of the camera, you need to
90 add the average deflection of the film, i.e. 28.8 + 0.04 = = 28.84 mm.
The camera and lens can also be adjusted on the auto collimator. To do this, you must first set the correct flange of the lens on the adjusting device. After making sure that the lens has the correct flange focal length, the camera is charged with an undeveloped (illuminated) film and,
Figure: 50 Setting the working distance of the camera
opening the shutter, install it on the autocollimator, as shown in Fig. 2. Into the eyepiece nine view the image of the line target 4, which passes through the collimator lens 7, the lens of the camera ten and, reflected from the film loaded in the camera, returns back to the semitransparent mirror 8 and is reflected by it into the eyepiece. If the camera is correctly aligned, then when the lens is set to the "infinity" mark, the best visibility of the target world is obtained. If the best visibility occurs when you rotate the lens barrel before reaching the “infinity” mark, this means that the lens flange must be raised by placing an appropriate number of shims under it. If, when aiming, the lens went all the way to the “infinity” mark, but the maximum sharpness of the image of the world did not come, then, on the contrary, the flag should be lowered.
91 When adjusting the camera on the autocollimator, the deflection of the film in front of the frame window is taken into account automatically, since the adjustment is carried out directly on the film loaded into the camera. Having established the correct flange of the lens and camera, adjust the rangefinder (see "Adjusting the rangefinder"),
FITTING INTERCHANGEABLE LENSES
You should only start fitting interchangeable lenses when you are confident that the camera is correctly aligned.
Fitting interchangeable lenses consists in setting the correct flange focal length and in adjusting the rangefinder segment. Selecting the quotation shims between the lens unit and the worm lens mount, set the correct flange focal lengths of the interchangeable lenses in the same way as in the Industar-22 lens.
It is best to use a piece of thin sheet rubber to unscrew the block from the frame. Taking the lens barrel in the left hand, the right hand grabs the part of the block protruding from the barrel, previously wrapped with a strip of rubber, and unscrew the block counterclockwise. Without any preliminary operations, you can unscrew the lens units "Jupiter-8", "Jupiter-3" and "Jupiter-9".
To unscrew the block in the Jupiter-11 lens, you need to loosen the two locking screws that secure the lens block in the worm gear. To get access to these screws, you need to remove the meter ring, having previously installed it on the 2.5 mark m.
When disassembling the Jupiter-12 lens, first unscrew the rear lens unit, since it is wider than the hole in the lens barrel, and then, by attaching a circle of sheet rubber to the protruding , from the frame to the aperture ring, unscrew the lens unit, under which there are adjusting shims.
To make sure that the rangefinder lengths of the interchangeable lenses are the same, each interchangeable lens must be screwed into the camera one by one and set to the “infinity” mark. When mounted on a collimator or when aiming at a distant object, the image in the rangefinder should not be doubled. If the image doubles when set to “infinity”,
- it is necessary to determine whether it passes or does not reach. If the image in all interchangeable lenses goes over “infinity”, then the end of the frame of each lens must be ground off so that when set to “infinity” the image does not double.
However, there are times when in some lenses the rangefinder is longer than in the main lens, and in others it is
92 roche. Due to the fact that it is possible to shorten the rangefinder segment (by grinding off the end of the frame, which presses on the rangefinder cam), but it is impossible to lengthen it, then proceed as follows. It is determined which of the interchangeable lenses most of all does not reach "infinity" (that is, has the shortest rangefinder cut), and the rangefinder of the camera is adjusted according to it. After that, the image in all other interchangeable lenses, as well as in the main lens will go “infinity”, and their supports should be ground off.
2. CAMERAS "ZORKIY-s" AND "ZORKII-2s"
The Zorky-2s camera differs from the Zorkiy-s in the presence of a self-timer, therefore everything that will be said about the Zorky-2s camera will concern (except for the self-timer) and the Zorkiy-s camera.
Figure: 51. Camera "Zorkiy-2s": one - screw, 2 - self-timer lever; 3 - start button; 4 and 19 - lugs for a belt: 5 - limb: 6 - crown, 7 - sync contact, 8 - ring switch; nine - shutter button; ten - head of excerpts, eleven - synchro-regulator leash; 12 - screw, 13 - wedge; 14 - terminal; 15 - flap; 16 - cover screw; 17 - frame with protective glass; eighteen - rewind head, twenty - camera body, 21 - lens, 22 ~ bottom cover
The Zorkiy-2s camera (Fig. 51) is a modernized version of the Zorkiy camera. In addition to the self-timer and synchro device, the following components and mechanisms have undergone modernization: a rangefinder shield, a shutdown mechanism for
93 film rewind, clutch assembly and take-up reel, and bottom cover lock; the shape of the parts in the shutter speed mechanism has been changed. The modernization of these units and parts did not change their purpose and principle of operation; only the methods of disassembly and assembly have changed somewhat.
PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
To remove the flap 15 rangefinder, you need to unscrew the eyepieces of the rangefinder and viewfinder, as well as the wedge 13 and protective glass 17, then unscrew one screw 12 on terminal 14 and remove the shutter speed ten, by loosening the two locking screws on it. To remove the synchro regulator leash eleven, you must first set it to zero, and then loosen the locking screw. The rangefinder shield is secured with two screws on the back and two screws covered with a dial 5 frame counter. To remove these screws, you need to unscrew the crown after releasing the locking screw. 6, remove the limb 5 counter and shim. The rangefinder shield is removed together with the terminal 14, cover screw 16 rangefinder and sync contact 7. To remove the case twenty photo of the device, you need to unscrew the fastening screws, remove the lens flange and the winding lever 2 self-timer by unscrewing screw 1. After partial disassembly, it is recommended to reinstall the crown 6.
Film rewind switch, trigger and wind-up mechanisms
In fig. 52, a shows the details of the switch and the wiring mechanism.
The switch ring 7 is screwed onto a bushing with a shaped groove and secured with a locking screw. Inside the transporting drum 2 are the rest of the details shutdown mechanism. In fig. 52, b the details of the shutdown mechanism are shown in the order in which they are removed from the sleeve 6 and from the transport drum 2. If you unscrew the switch ring, you will have access to the figured hole, which secures the release button and the sleeve 19. By unscrewing this screw, from the sleeve 6 six parts can be removed at once, shown in fig. 52, b: release button 8, spring twenty release button, sleeve 19 with figured p s eighteen, kernel 17, two tubes 16 and a spring 15. To remove the slotted sleeve 14, you must first unscrew the screw 5 on the gear of the transport drum. Unscrewing the screw 4, the transport drum is pulled away from the top mounting cover. After that, the sleeve with the groove can be unscrewed from the gear wheel of the transport drum and removed through the sleeve. 6. The last one to remove the cabins is the bushing with the protrusion 13, which is held by a screw 3.
94 Due to the fact that both the release button and the rewind switch press the same axis of the release gear 1, the interaction of the parts of the trigger and the shutdown mechanism is considered simultaneously.
Figure: 52. Film rewind switch device: a - film rewind switch, b - switch details one - release gear, 2 - transport drum, 3, 4, 5 and ten - screws, 6 - bushing, 7 - ring switch, 8 - release button, nine - crown, eleven - take-up reel drum; 12 - at shower, 13 - bushing with a protrusion, 14 - sleeve with groove, / 5 and twenty - springs, 16 - tubes, 17 - rod, eighteen - curly groove; 19 - bushing with pa
zom, 21 - groove
The trigger is very simple. By pressing the release button 8, transfer movement to the rod 17, which the in turn rests on the release axis and, lowering it, releases the shutter. Shutter button 8 can be lowered and raised within the vertical part of the L-shaped groove 21, since in this groove (when the mechanism is assembled) is the end of the figured screw. If you press the release button, and when it comes down, turn it counterclockwise, then the end of the figured screw will enter the
95 Rhizontal part of the L-shaped groove 21 and the button will remain in the depressed position. If the shutter was previously set to shutter B, the shutter will open and remain open until the shutter release button is turned back (clockwise). Spring twenty keeps the release button in the working position during the period of the shutdown mechanism.
In connection with the change in the shape of the rangefinder shield, the design of the water mechanism has been slightly changed. (Fig. 52, a). The axis of the crown has a circular groove, which includes a locking screw ten, keeping it from falling out. This improvement is important as it prevents damage to the brake spring when unscrewing the crown. nine.
The shape of the take-up reel drum 11 has also been changed. The pickup is inserted freely and falls out of the camera itself after rewinding the film. The rotation of the take-up spool is achieved due to the fact that the pin on the take-up spool freely enters the recess between the two lugs 12.
Sometimes the take-up spool is forcibly inserted as its pin hits the blunt top of the tide 12, and the coil is jammed. To avoid this, you need to sharpen the tops of the tides.
Conveyor drum 2 connected to the winding mechanism by means of a bushing with a groove 14 and ribbed bushings 13. In the removed position, the sleeve with a groove 14 screwed into the gear wheel of the transport drum, and the bushing with the protrusion 13 connected by a screw 3 with a transporting drum. Under the action of the spring inside the transporting drum, the bushing with the protrusion always tends to rise upward, and its protrusion enters the groove of the bushing 14, why both bushings are rigidly engaged. When the crown is turned, the gear, into which the sleeve with the groove is screwed, also rotates 14, and since in the working position it is rigidly coupled with the bushing with a protrusion 13, then the latter, rotating, transfers rotation to the transporting drum.
Me x a n z m turn off about b r a t peremot to and the plenk and disconnects the transport drum from the winding mechanism and from the trigger mechanisms at the same time. Switching off is carried out as follows: by turning the ring switch 7 clockwise, together with it, the sleeve is turned 19, having a shaped groove eighteen. When turning the sleeve 19 slides with its shaped groove along the end of the shaped screw, and since the screw is fixed fixedly, the sleeve, following the shaped groove, drops down and presses the tubes under it (one above the other) 16, which, freely moving inside the sleeve with a pause 14, disengage the sleeve 13 with a protrusion and disconnect the transport drum from the winding mechanism. Having descended downward, the bushing with a protrusion presses on the shoulder of the release axle and pulls down the release gear, disconnecting the transport drum from the rest of the shutter mechanisms.
96 T a b l and c a nine
Malfunctions of the shut-off mechanism, winding and trigger mechanism
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
The crown is rotated 1. The screw fell out 3 of Turning the crown shifts, but the shutter does not close bushings from protrusion, and ku, you need to expand the sleeve- she revolves along with a ledge so that stand, not leading the hole in it raban 2 ( Figure 52) transporting ba-screw 3 settled down in the middle of the slot, I have on transporting drum 2, and then screw in the screw 3 all the way
2 Spring end twenty Unscrew the ring-off caught between the trigger release 7 Unscrew the shaped screw, button and sleeve 19, remove the release button 8 and a spring why the trigger fur- the bottom remained in the lowered twenty Correct the shape of the con position (fig. 52) springs by bending them inside
3 After the reverse Turn ring-off- film streams forgot to install vs hourly ring-you-arrows all the way switch to working position
4 Launch button Attach index at next lowering your finger to the release button shutter by chance fold- and turn it clockwise returned and remained in the arrow until the stop pressed
5 Self-timer did not work fully Start the self-timer and make sure it works all the way
During the plant zat Worked well and round Disassemble the mechanism you thief curtains returned to the original position sleeve groove 14 turn on and cut chrome (Figure 52.6) bushing groove 14 iodine zhenie (the shutter breaks off- scrap 90 ° Xia)
Bushing groove 14 ( Figure 52.6)
Xia due petty engagement between bushings coy 14 and sleeve 13 Main causes of chalk who the engagement
7 Zac 680 97 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
I. Not high enough Cut the sleeve by bo the protrusion on the bushing 13 cam protrusion so that you get it 1.3-1.5 mm, (Figure 52.6) the honeycomb of the protrusion was not me and the and the edges protrusion was cut at the angle scrap 90 °
2 Screw 3 rests against the end of Extend the slot in the trench the slot on the transporting drum sporting drum, sawing it round over the file so that 2 ( fig. 52) between the end of the slot and the screw
3 there is a gap
3 Tubes 16 are long One of the pipes ukoro and don't give a sleeve with a stupa 13 enter on 0.5-1 mm the full depth into the bushing with a stop 14 ( fig. 52.6)
4 Weak spring Disassemble the mechanism you inside transporting turn on, remove and stretch the spring drum that presses the sleeve with a protrusion 13 to the sleeve from groove 14 ( fig. 52, b)
Film back not Not enough drags Pull one of the tubes rewinds is trigger she 16, lengthening by 0.5-1 mm stubble one ( fig 52) and her finger their total length does not exceed of engagement with a finger transporting ba rabana
Exposure control mechanism and synchro device
Propeller design change 4 ( fig. 53, a) of the shutter speed head 3 made it possible to rearrange the shutter speeds both on the wound and on the released shutter. This is due to the fact that the index 5 moved from terminal to screw head 4. To access the shutter speed mechanism, you need to remove the rangefinder shield. The shutter speed control mechanism is closed by the synchro unit housing. To remove the synchro casing, you need to unscrew three screws.
In fig. 53.6 shows the mecha nism, which is slightly longer. Due to the change in the shape of the rangefinder shield, the bushing of the exposure lever 7 is lengthened. Screw shape completely changed 4, to which the shutter speed lever is fixed. To unscrew the screw 4, you need to insert a steel rod 0.8 thick into the screw hole mm and act like a knob.
98 Due to the fact that the ".Zorky-2s" camera has a synchro-device, 6 a contact lever 8 is installed, which interacts with the contact plate of the synchro-regulator.
Syn x r o u s t r o y s t in o assembled in a single-wire circuit. The second wire is the body of the camera. The principle of operation of the synchro device is very simple: at a certain moment, at
Figure: 53 Exposure control mechanism and synchronization device: a - shutter speed head and synchro regulator b - shutter speed mechanism, in - details of these chrostructures one - rangefinder shield, 2 - synchro regulator, 3 - shutter speed mechanism, 4 - screw 5 - index, 6 - shutter speed dial, 7 - shutter speed lever, 8 - pin lever arm, nine and 12 - contact plates, ten - insulator, eleven - synchro regulator bushing
depending on the installation of the synchro regulator, the contact plate isolated from the housing is closed by a contact lever 8, installed on the excerpt disk. The closing moment may vary as the contact plate 12 ( fig. 53, c) rotates together with the sleeve eleven synchro regulator.
Contact plate nine when installing the rangefinder shield, touches the insulated contact of the plug socket. This plate, like all other contact plates, is isolated from the housing by an insulator. ten. When the shutter is released, the contact lever 8 meets a contact plate on its way 12 syn chroregulator and closes it to the body. Rotating the leash of the synchro controller 2, which is fixed on the sleeve 11, it is possible in certain
7 * 99 Within the limits, change the closing moment (in relation to the moment of full opening of the gate). If the synchrocontroller is set at the zero mark, then if it is correctly adjusted, the contact lever 8 should touch the contact plate 12 in
full opening moment As you move the synchro controller 2 from zero mark to mark 30 m / sec there is an earlier closure of the contact lever with the contact plate and, accordingly, the advancement of the moment when the flash lamp is turned on The numbers on the dashboard of the number indicate how many milliseconds before the shutter fully opens the synchro circuit
So that after the shutter is triggered, the electric circuit breaks open, the synchro device has a circuit breaker, which, after releasing the release button, disconnects the contact plates. This breaker is controlled by the brake latch of the shutter speed
Self-timer
Self-timer is a separate deceleration mechanism mounted on the shutter body and connected to the release
Fig 54 Self-timer one - emphasis, 2 - winding axis, 3 - figured washer, 4 - switch, 5-anchor gear, 6 - mainspring, 7 ~ - clockwork gear, 8 - lever, 9 - adjusting screw, ten - stop, // - spring, 12 - eccentric, 13 - square,
14 - screw mechanism. Self-timer pre-stroke time (from turn it on before the shutter is released) 9-15 sec The self-timer is shown in Fig. 54, one hundred Self-timer has a mainspring 6, fixed on the shaft of the winding gear 7. The spring is pre-wound. Spring force is transmitted through three idler gears to the escapement gear 5, which is braked by the anchor fork. The self-timer that has been set to the limit is limited by stop 1, against which the end of the shaped washer rests against during the winding operation 3. To start the self-timer, you need to move the upper end of the switch to the right 4 At the end of the working stroke, the shaped washer 3 rests in the switch 4, as a result of which the upper end of the switch is pressed against the anchor plug and stops the self-timer B through the winding axis 2 a connecting sleeve is inserted, square
Fig. 55 Release spring
the end of which the self-timer winding lever is put on and screwed in. When the trigger is pressed, its conical end pushes the upper part of the switch 4 from the anchor fork, and the self-timer starts to spin
The self-timer works as follows. Under the action of the water spring, the winding axis begins to rotate slowly, on which the eccentric is fixed 12. Turning counterclockwise, eccentric 12 moves the emphasis to the side ten, which is fixed on a square 13. Together with emphasis ten pivots around the screw 14 square 13, and his lever 8, going down, pulls the trigger spring and releases the shutter.
Due to the fact that the shutter is released by both the shutter release button and the self-timer, the shape of the trigger spring has been changed 3 (fig. 55), and the release axis 4. Trigger spring 3 fixed with screws 1 and 2 and put on the narrowed part of the figured cutout on the groove of the trigger axis 4, due to which the shutter can be released by pressing the trigger spring 3, which is what happens when the self-timer is released.
101 Table 10
Shutter malfunctions associated with self-timer malfunction
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Self-timer triggered 1. Self-timer is not enough Lever stroke 8 can be calibrated does not release, but the shutter does not release accurately. Releases release. regulate howling spring eccentric screw ka nine ( rice, 54) 2. Lever 8 (fig. 54) Throw the lever 8 auto jumped off push trigger on push bar rod zhen, preliminarily reducing lateral play lever Self-timer works 1. Spring has come off Reinstall with idle, without pulling 11 off the stop ten ( fig. 54) bouncing spring trigger spring 2. The screw is unscrewed 14 Find and replace the loose screw on a square 13 ( fig. 54)
3. Unscrewed screw Find the fixing screw fastenings eccentric eccentric and fasten ka 12 eccentric on axis 4. Stop ten stuck on Make it easier to rotate axles, and a spring eleven ( fig. ra ten ( fig. 54) 54) does not set it in working position Spontaneous 1. Start button 3 Unscrew launcher self-timer activation {fig. 51) deeply screwed into the button and place a few washers under camera body it
2. Insufficient tre Remove the self-timer switch, bend between the switch it and reinstall it, increasing the friction lem 4 ( rice, 54) and self-timer
The start button is not Launcher button 3 Unscrew trigger includes self-timer (fig. 51) not enough button. Deepen by 0.5— deeply recessed into the camera - I mm landing screw body and replace the shutter release button
To start correctly Self-timer works 1. Shaped washer 3 sluggish and stops (fig. 54) passes above the self-timer spring, the descent loses the switch 4 and auto but first remove the figured body factory pre-puck 3, then a screwdriver drive over the axle 2 coil spring to failure. Before installing, you need figured washer 3 to bend up the paws into the slot of ki with which she enters the winding axis 2 (fig. 54)
2. Self-timer winding lever Bend the winding lever hurts for self-timer from the body of the pho body camera to camera
102 Gate
S e r e c a r and c a r c a z and t in o r. To remove the body from the mounting cover by the door, it is necessary, as in the Zorkiy camera, to unscrew three screws, but with the difference that in the Zorkiy-2s camera these screws are unscrewed not below mounting cover and on top. Two screws are easy to unscrew, and the third is closed by the rangefinder case, and in order to unscrew it, you need to remove the rangefinder.
To remove the entire rangefinder, it is enough to unscrew the three screws that secure it to the mounting cover and pull the rangefinder lever with an adjustment cam out of the hole in the upper mounting cover. All other constructive changes - existing in the Zorkiy-2s camera, do not cause any difficulties in disassembling, assembling and adjusting the shutter and are not significant.
Lens
The Zorkiy-2s camera is equipped with the Industar-50 lens, which differs from the Industar-22 lens only in the design of the worm mount and a slightly higher resolution.
Technical characteristics of the "Industar-50" lens
Focal length, mm fifty Relative hole 1 3.5
Angle of field of view hail ...... 4 5
Working segment, mm 28.8
Resolution'
in the center of the field, not less at the 35 lines per 1 mm
edge of the field, not less ...... 20 lines per 1 mm
The adjustment of the Zorkiy-s camera does not differ from the adjustment of the Zorkiy camera.
3. CAMERA "ZORKY-5"
The Zorkiy-5 camera (Fig. 56) is a modern small format camera with a trigger cocking shutter. The use of a trigger cocking with a simultaneous start of the shutter, rewinding of the film by one frame and counting of the captured frames makes the Zorkiy-5 camera very convenient to use.
103 Very important new qualities are possessed by the rangefinder of the Zorkiy-5 camera. It is combined with the viewfinder and has a diopter adjustment for sight, which allows persons with visual impairments to work with the camera without
Fig. 56 Camera "Sharp 5" one - counter limb personnel 2 - decorative nut, 3 - trigger button 4 - wedge, 5 - button switch for rewinding the film, 6 - excerpt head. 7 - Clem ma 8 - rangefinder shield nine - light-separating unit, ten - ring eleven - film rewind head 12 - film grade indicator 13 - screw. , 74 - diopter guide leash 15 - plug sockets, 16 - body camera, P ~ bottom cap 18 - ~ lens
glasses Thanks to the increased base of the rangefinder 38 mm in the Zorkiy(67 mm camera), vs the focusing accuracy has been increased
PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
To eliminate most of the faults, it is enough to remove the upper cover of the rangefinder The camera body is removed less often, only in cases of a curtain shutter malfunction.To remove the rangefinder cover, you need to remove the frame counter parts from the water trigger, disassemble and remove the film type indicator, as well as the shutter speed head, eyepiece, etc. rangefinder wedge To remove the rewind knob eleven ( fig. 56), you must first unscrew the screw 13, which holds the film type indicator disc 12
104 There is a locking curly spring under the disc.To unscrew the rewind head 11, you need to hold the rewind fork from the side of the cover with pliers
A ring is fixed under head 11 with two screws ten, limiting leash 14, which also needs to be removed By removing the shutter speed dial 6, viewfinder-rangefinder eyepiece and wedge 4, start disassembling the trigger platoon
Fig. 57 Cortical platoon device a - trigger and nut with left-hand thread, 6 - trigger and nut with right-hand thread, in - shield attachment rangefinder one - nut with left-hand thread 2 - nut with right-hand thread, 3 - trigger 4 - shntok, 5 - screw, 6 - spring
Frame counter limb one fixed with a decorative nut 2, wrenchless nut 2 has a left-hand thread and can be turned with the same tool that is used when unscrewing the eyepieces
(Please note that the first photos parats "Zorky-5" were produced with nuts that had right thread) Fig. 57, a shows a quick mechanism with a removed dial and a frame counter spring.
Nut one has a left-hand thread and to unscrew it you need to make a key (Fig. 1.6, pos. 2) Figure 57.6 shows a nut 2 with right-hand thread, by unscrewing it, you can remove the trigger 3 Taking the trigger 3, you need to remember what hole does the end of the spring enter 6 After the trigger is removed, you need to unscrew the screw 5 (Figure 57, e) and remove the shield 4 distance of number
105 A general view of the camera with the rangefinder cover removed is shown in Fig. 58.
The figure shows the viewer - a given number, assembled on the base 2. The leash / diopter adjustment is re-installed on the screw for clarity 6 movable lens. The shutter speed control mechanism differs little from the previously considered models of Zorky cameras.
The viewfinder-rangefinder, as well as the winding and trigger mechanisms, the device of which will be described in detail, has been completely changed.
Figure: 58. The camera with the rangefinder flap removed: one - diopter adjustment leash; 2 - rangefinder base; 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 - screws; 5 - body
To remove the camera body, you need to unscrew the four screws on its front side and remove the lens flange. On the gate circuit board, you need to unscrew four screws 3, 4,
7 and 8 (screw 8 closed with a leash one). When removing the bolt body, you need to drown the rangefinder adjustment cam with your finger so as not to bend it.
Clockwork and trigger mechanisms
W o w m e khan i z m consists of clockwork trigger (Fig. 59, a) and gear assembly mounted on a separate board 3 ( fig. 59.6). The cocking trigger is connected to the gear assembly of the two-stage gear 14 ( fig. 59, c). When turning the winding trigger, pawl 1 under the action of the spring 2 rests against the upper ratchet wheel 13 two-stage gear 14 and turns it around. Lower rim of teeth 15 two-stage gear 14 turns the pinion 7, which in turn rotates the gear 12 transport drum twenty and starts the shutter. This gear consists of two gears: the upper (smaller diameter) receives rotation from the drive gear 7 and rotates the transporting drum, and the lower (larger diameter) transfers rotation through the intermediate gears 4 and 6 on the brake
106 new gear nine, . with which the axis rotates eleven, on which the take-up spool clutch is assembled. To remove the winding gear assembly, you need to unscrew the three screws on its board, and also disassemble the friction of the take-up spool by unscrewing the nut eighteen and removing the spring from the axis 17 and drum 16.
Rns. 59. The device of the winding up and trigger mechanisms: a - winding trigger, b - gear assembly of the winding mechanism; in - details of the clockwork and sp skid mechanisms 1 - dog, 2 - spring; 3 - gear assembly board, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14 and 21 - gears, 5 - release button; 8 - dog, ten - disk, eleven - the axis of the take-up reel clutch; 13 - ratchet wheel, 15 - lower rim of teeth, 16 - drum, 17 - spring, eighteen - gaike; 19 - trigger rod; twenty - transporting drum, 22 - trigger spring
The winding gear assembly consists of a board 3, on which on top of the rivet is attached to the drive gear 7. Under the plate on the riveted axles there are two intermediate sprockets 4 and 6. Gear nine thanks to the dog 8 can rotate
107 only one way. Dog 8 ensures that the curtain shutter is locked in the wound position.
On the same unit, a single mechanism is assembled, consisting of a release button 5 and a release disk ten. When the release button 5 is pressed, the disc ten goes down and presses the trigger 19. Passing through the hole in the bolt body, the trigger rod pulls back the trigger spring 22, along with which the release gear is lowered 21. When the release gear is lowered enough to disengage its pin from the pin on the transport drum, the bolt will be released.
Film rewind off mechanism
The mechanism consists of a flange with a rod, against which the push-button rests. When the push-button is pressed, the flange with the rod goes down and disconnects the clutch located inside the transporting drum, at the same time the release gear is lowered, and the transporting drum is able to rotate in the opposite direction.
The design of the shutdown mechanism is similar to that of the FED-2 camera, which is analyzed in more detail.
Curtain shutter The curtain shutter device is shown in Fig. 60. As can be seen from the figure, the curtain shutter and the shutter speed mechanism have little difference.
Fig 60 Curtain shutter '' 1, 2, 5, 7 - screws, 3 - trigger rod, 4 - conveyor drum gear, 6 - mounting cover, 8 - shutter body
are based on the device from the "Sharp" curtain shutter. camera
To disassemble the shutter and separate the mounting cover 6 from the valve body 8, you must first disassemble the exposure mechanism and remove the viewfinder-rangefinder. Mounting
108 cap 6 attached to the valve body 8 screws 1, 2, 5, 7. Knowing the design and repair of the Zorkiy camera curtain shutter, there will be no additional difficulties when repairing the Zorkiy-5 camera shutter.
Table 11 Malfunctions of the shutter of the Zorkiy-5 camera *
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
When aiming the object Shutter speed lever Edit adjustment wa at a distance of 1 m Hanisma shutter excerpts behind the rangefinder, screwing 1lub- (Fig. the stops working for a thief lever arm 7 same adjusting screw 5 mark and, accordingly, 61) by radius, unfolding "R" prone arrow base 11 prism 12 (Figure 61) See page 110. "Viewfinder-Rangefinder" If the adjustment does not give the desired results, you need to cut the lever 7 (Figure 61) along the radius "R"
Clockwork trigger vra 1 Broken knot teeth Replace gear assembly intermittently and gears of the clockwork teeth crackling 2 Loose axles Fortify rivet axles gear rivets 4, 6 loose gears or 7 ( rice 59.6) 3 Displaced fee 3 Loosen the screws gear assembly in relation to the board 3 of the transporting pole to the gear 12 ren and, moving the board, adding bang normal toe raban (fig. 59) between the node of the porting pole ren and gear 12 trance After adjusting drumming. tightly tighten the screws
Clockwork trigger vra 1 Dog one (fig. Unscrew pawl 1 from the trigger idle and not 59, but) sticks on the axis and grind starts the shutter 2 Jumped off springs Reinstall the pru on 2 ( fig. 59, a) with gin, tanks 1 preliminary is correcting its form. 3 Wrong mouth Spring 6 ( rice 57, c) new spring 6 ( fig. need to set so that 57, c), as a result of which she would clamp its turns (except for the last everything doggy one) were clockwork trigger refueled under flap rangefinder 4
The shutter does not fix Refused dog 8 Fix the doggie, up Xia in the wound position. and (Figure 59, b), provide a beating light her turn after releasing the trigger it latching fixation Reinforce the spring of the product in the closed tank returns More acute but going back placement chewing a dog's tooth
* The table contains malfunctions characteristic only of the shutter of the Zorkiy-5 camera. All other shutter malfunctions are similar to malfunctions of the Zorky camera.
109 Viewfinder-Rangefinder
All parts of the combined viewfinder-rangefinder (Fig. 61) are located on a massive board 14. The block of prisms 5 consists of two glued prisms with a light-separating layer applied at the gluing site. This block is fixed motionless and closed with a flap 4. Thanks to massive board and backlash-free suspension of the base eleven prisms 12 the rangefinder is very stable in operation.
Figure: 61. Viewfinder-Rangefinder one - diopter adjustment body, 2 - pin, 3 - frame of a movable lens, 4 - shield, 5 - prnzm block, 6 - adjusting screw, 7 - lever arm, 8 - flat spring, nine - ball retainer, ten - locking screws, // - prism base, 12 - prism, 13 - screw; 14 - fee
In contrast to the previously considered range finders, the base of the prism 11 is not fixed on an axis, but sandwiched between two polished steel balls. The bottom ball lies in the recess of the board 14, and the upper 9 is pressed by a strong flat spring 8, in the hole of which it is fixed.
Sometimes with careless adjustment of the rangefinder, when the adjusting screwdriver is installed in the adjusting screw 6 with a shift and a great effort is applied to it, lever 7 together with the base eleven jumps off the balls holding it -. To fix the rangefinder, you need to remove the rangefinder shield, find the balls and place one ball under the base of the prism. The second ball must be carefully pushed into the gap between the spring 8 and base 11. To make it easier to insert the top ball nine, required with a screwdriver inserted between the spring 8 and the basis eleven, from pull up the spring 8. If you do not unscrew the screws that secure the spring 8, then after placing the base 11 on the balls, the rangefinder adjustment is almost not disturbed.
In the rangefinder, the method of coarse adjustment vertically and horizontally is very successfully resolved, which makes it possible to correct large irregularities in adjustment without resorting to gluing the prism. To adjust the rangefinder vertically, there are two stoppers ten.
110 By first releasing one stopper and then tightening the other, adjust the rangefinder vertically. Before you start adjusting the rangefinder, you need to make a preliminary adjustment, which is reduced to the correct installation of the lever 7. This lever must be set so that when aiming the lens at 1 m the shutter speed lever did not touch it. Lever 7 is set in the correct position with the adjusting screw 6, a, sliding the base 11 with the screw released 13, make a rough adjustment of the rangefinder. All adjustments are made without removing the rangefinder from the top mounting cover.
After turning the base until the images are approximately aligned when the lens is set to “infinity”, fix the screw 13, close the rangefinder with a shield and adjust it in the usual manner.
The diopter adjustment device is very simple. In case 1 is placed in a frame 3 movable lens. Moving the frame by the pin 2, change the distance between the eyepiece lens and the movable lens, which leads to a change in the optical power of the viewfinder and allows for individual adjustment depending on the peculiarities of the camera owner's vision.
Synchro device
The synchro device of the Zorkiy-5 camera (Fig. 62) consists of two contact plates 2 and 4, which are connected by wires with corresponding to each
contact with plug sockets ladies. Contact Plates riveted to textolite insulating strip 3, per- fastened to the valve body with screws 1 and 5. Disk 8, in contact 7, during the shutter release
rarely closes contacts 4 and 2. Contact plate 4 closes from preemptive at 25 msec and is connected to the socket marked light bulb contour, before Fig. 62. Synchronization device: designated to include / and 5 - screws, 2 and 4 - contact disposable flash lamps. plates, 3 - insulating strip; 6 - synchro wires, Contact plate 2 closes at the moment of 7 - contact, 8 - disk, nine - spring complete closing the shutter with zero lead and is connected to the socket marked with the arrow “Lightning”, designed to activate electronic flashes.
111 To the ends of the contact pdastins under the spring nine, insulating sleeves are put on. After releasing the release button, the spring nine removes both contact plates from the disc 8 with contact 7 When the shutter is released, the spring nine is pulled back by the trigger axis and both contact plates take the working position
The synchro device works reliably and for a long time Sometimes it loosens the screw that fixes the disc on the drum axis 8 To correct it, release the shutter and position pin 7 over the pin 2 and tighten the screw holding the disc 8
4. CAMERA "ZORKY-6"
The Zorky-6 camera is an improved version of the Zorky-5 camera
In the Zorky-6 camera, a self-timer has been added and a back cover is made from a knock-off cover. In addition to these visible differences, the shutters differ significantly in design. When designing the Zorky-6 camera, which led to costly replacement of the entire unit
Fig. 63 shows the appearance of the Zorky-6 camera. The main distinguishing feature of this camera is the structure of its body, in which the screen 21, top mounting cover and body itself 22 cast as one piece
PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
In case of partial disassembly, the upper plate is removed 4 and as needed a lower decorative cover 23 and flap 19 The rules and procedure for disassembling external parts before removing the rangefinder flap are described in the description of the Zorky-5 camera (see "Partial disassembly of the camera") Fig. 64 shows the assemblies and mechanisms with the rangefinder flap removed Unlike the Zorkiy-5 camera, the axis one the rewind head remains in the camera body, and the switch button 8 for rewinding the film, it is removed together with the rod from the hole in the gear nine transporting drum Plate 7 is screwed to the board 6 and keeps the axis of the hinged cover from falling out
Clockwork and trigger mechanisms
The construction of the trigger does not differ from the trigger of the photo of the "Zorkiy 5" The main difference between the winding mechanisms is the attachment and placement of the gears.If you unscrew the three screws that 6 with pinion 5 fixed on the body
112 Fig 63 Camera "Sharp 6" a - front view 6 - back view one - winding lever self-timer 2 - launcher button, 3 - nut 4 - shield 5 - limb frame counter b - decorative nut 7 - button switch 8 - head of excerpts, 9 - film rewind head ten - hinged cover lock. eleven - lens, cover eighteen - transporting drum 19 - shield twenty - screw 21 - screen, 22 - 12 - screw 13 - pin 14 - fork 15 - trigger 16 - reception coil 17 - folding body camera 23 - bottom decorative cover 8 Zac 680 4 3 camera 4, and then remove it, it will immediately become clear what the clockwork advantage camera mechanism "Sharp-6".
Fig 64 Nodes and mechanisms of the camera one - axis, 2 - rangefinder board, 3 - bushing, 4 - body; 5 - gear, 6 - fee, 7 - plas Tina, 8 - button, nine - gear, ten - screws
Figure 65, a shows that the intermediate gears one and 2 They were fixed on the camera body with screws, in contrast to the Zorky-5 camera, where they are riveted to the gear assembly board. To completely disassemble the winding and trigger mechanisms, you need to remove the shield transporting drum, unscrewing four screws on it, and on
Fig. 65 Clockwork and trigger mechanisms a - details of the winding and trigger mechanism, 6 - parts of the take-up reel clutch one, 2, 3, b and 7 - gears, 4 - camera body, 5 - release button B - freak tsnona axis, 9 ~ spring, ten - drum, eleven - insert, 12 - trigger disk, 13 - sleeve, 14 - take-up reel
on the transport drum, unscrew the shaped screw that holds the gears 6 and 7 transporting drum. To remove from the case 4 camera gear 3, need to remove
lower decorative cover, which is attached to the body through
114 with three screws, unscrew the three screws of the tripod nut and remove it. The axle is unscrewed through the hole in the camera body, which opened after removing the tripod socket 8 take-up spool clutch and remove the drum ten take-up spool with spring nine and liner AND After the take-up spool clutch axle is unscrewed, the gear 3 however, it is not held in place and can be easily removed from the shutter body together with the shutter release button 5.
Figure 65.6 shows the details of the take-up spool clutch Assemble the take-up spool clutch in this sequence First into the take-up spool 14 insert drum 10 and
insert 11 and put everything together in the camera body Then, from the side of the hole for the tripod nut, insert the clutch axle 8 with a spring 9 a from the opposite side insert a unit consisting of a release button 5, gears 3 release disc 12 and bushings 13 Clutch axle 8 must screw into the bore of the bushing. Further assembly of the winding mechanism is reduced to the correct installation of the plate with the pinion gear.
By installing the board, they achieve normal engagement between the mating gears.
Faults in the winding and trigger mechanisms, as well as the film rewind switch, do not differ from the faults in similar units of the Zorkiy-5 camera. However, they need to be eliminated taking into account the differences between cameras in the order of disassembly and assembly.
Gate
S e r e c a r and c a r c a z and t in o r. Unlike all previously considered curtain shutters, the shutter of the Zorkii-6 camera does not have a separate frame.
of the bolt, and is mounted on the lower mounting cover 3 directly in the body of the photo apparatus 1 (Fig. 66). To remove the shutter assembly from the camera body, you must first disassemble the shutter speed mechanism and remove the shutter speed disc and lever from the drum axis. Unscrewing the screw 4 and loosening the screw 5, shift the lowering spring 6 towards the trigger axis 7 so that the Fig. 66 Bottom mounting widened part of the shaped hole in the spring 6 aligned with theshutter trigger cover axis. Then unscrew the block 2 with contacts. If you then unscrew the four screws with which the bottom mounting cover 3 attached to the camera body, then from the camera body together with the lower
8* 115 With its mounting cover, you can remove the shutter assembly mounted on it.
Despite the seeming complexity of disassembling the shutter assembly, it is easy to remove and also easy to install back into the camera body.
After fixing the shutter assembly (this is the only reason requiring complete disassembly), the shutter is assembled in this sequence. Remove the sleeve 3 ( fig. 64) with the shutter speed brake cam attached to it. The sleeve is attached to the camera body with two screws. Then remove the top shield by unscrewing the screws for this ten. After that, the lower mounting cover, together with the curtain assembly mounted on it, are inserted into the camera body, making sure that the axes of the spring rollers enter the holes in the shutter body, and the release shaft 7 (Fig. 66) enters the spring hole. 6. Fastening the mounting cover with screws 3, install the bushing as it is done when assembling any curtain shutter. (See "Curtain for the creature" of the "Sharp" camera),
Malfunctions of the shutter of the Zorky-6 camera are also inherent in the Zorkiy-5 camera, but they need to be corrected, taking into account the peculiarities of disassembling and assembling the Zorkiy-6 camera.
Self-timer
The self-timer of the Zorkiy-6 camera does not differ in any way from the self-timer of the Zorkiy-2s camera. To remove the self-timer for repair, you need to remove the guard of the transporting drum, and also unscrew the screw and remove the winding self-timer lever together with the intermediate insert. The self-timer is attached to the camera body with three screws. All self-timer malfunctions are detailed when examining the Zorky-2s camera.
Reverse handle lock film rewind Figure: 67. Retainer handle reverse film rewind When installing a cassette with a film, axis 3 (Fig. 67) of the film rewind head it is pulled up, and in the working position it goes down and is fixed with a steel ball. Retaining ball in the housing bore 2 and is pressed by a spiral spring, the force of which is regulated by a screw one.
116 Wee finder-given number
The viewfinder-rangefinder is fixed with four screws on the camera body and, unlike the Zorky-5 camera, cannot be removed from it even when the shutter is completely disassembled. Otherwise, it is no different from the viewfinder-rangefinder of the Zorkiy-5 camera.
Lens
The Zorky-5 and Zorky-6 cameras are equipped with the Industar-50 lens, which can be made in two versions of frames: in a rigid and with a retractable tube. The rangefinder adjustment, lens focusing and interchangeable optics adjustment are detailed in the description of the Zorky camera.
5. CAMERA "FED-2"
The FED-2 camera (Fig. 68) was made taking into account all the requirements for a modern small format photographic apparatus. The body of the camera is die-cast from an aluminum alloy and is made detachable, which makes it easier to charge the camera and simplifies the fitting of interchangeable lenses. The camera is equipped with a fast lens "Industar-26m".
The rangefinder of the camera is combined with the viewfinder and has diopter adjustment. The camera shutter is equipped with a self-timer and has a synchro device.
PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
To partially disassemble the camera, you need to remove the shield 13, after removing the following parts: crown 6 and limb 5, ring switch nine, exposure head
eleven, terminal 12, cry ten rangefinder, rewind head 15, as well as the rangefinder eyepiece 21. Depending on the release date of the camera, the shield 13 fixed to the body with three or five lining screws. After removing the shield, it is recommended to reinstall the crown b.
Crown brake
In fig. 69 shows a braking device. The braking device consists of a pawl 3, fixed on the camera body with 1 screw 6. On the clockwork gear 2 there is an annular spring, which one end is put on the groove of the axis of the winding gear, and the other enters the hole 4 on the brake
117 Fig. 68 Camera "FED-2" a - front view, b - rear view one - release lever, 2 - trigger button, 3 - with inhro contact, 4 and 17 - belt lugs, 5 - frame counter limb, 6 - crown, 7 - film type indicator, 8 - by pulling button, nine - ring switch, ten - clip frame, eleven - head excerpts 12 - terminal 13 - shield, 14 - light-separating unit of prisms, 15 - film rewind head, 16 - diopter adjustment leash, eighteen - camera body, 19 -lens, twenty - vnlka, 21 - rangefinder eyepiece, 22 - pressure table 23 - back cover, 24 - per mok, 25 - standard nut, 25 - decorative cover, 27 - screen
118 noah dog 3. When the shutter is wound, the winding gear rotates in the direction of the arrow drawn on it, and the end of the spring moves the pawl away from the teeth of the winding gear.After the shutter is wound, when the crown is released, the winding gear begins to shift in the opposite direction, and the spring the gin, mounted on it, immediately starts the dog 3 in the teeth behind the water gear 2 and the reverse rotation is terminated. The reservoir acts very clearly and stops the crown with a shift in the opposite direction within half a division on the frame counter
There are times when at the end of the plant the dog 3 situated with its teeth exactly opposite the vertex of one of the teeth of the winding gear, as a result of which the return travel of the winding crown is Fig. 69 Braking device increased. the backstop is a cutting shoulder 5, available on the reservoir, by bending and unbending which, they achieve a position where the dog's tooth at the end of the winding will be exactly between the teeth of the winding gear 2.
Film rewind and release shut-off mechanism mechanism
The shutdown mechanism of the "FED-2" camera is very similar to the analogous mechanism of the "Zorkiy-2s" camera. Before proceeding with disassembly of the shut-off mechanism, the shutter is partially disassembled in order to gain access to the screw 7 {Fig. 70, a). Unscrewing the screw 7 from the sleeve 8 all parts of the shut-off mechanism can be removed First remove the bushing ten rewind switch, inside which there is a release button nine Unscrewing the locking screw 5 in gear 6 and screw 4 on the transport drum one, of gear 6 you can unscrew the sleeve with the groove 19 Lug bush 2 held in the transport drum by a screw 3, unscrewing which, through the sleeve 8 remove the bushing with a protrusion 2. The spring of the release mechanism remains inside the transport drum, which, if necessary, can also be pushed up and removed through the sleeve 8.
In fig. 70.6 shows the details involved in the operation of the shutdown mechanism, trigger mechanism and film rewind mechanism.
119 Trigger parts include: trigger button 9 trigger rod 15 and release axle 16 with the release gear eighteen. When pressing the shutter button nine the trigger rod lowers the trigger axle 16, finger 17 the release gear disengages from the pin 11 on the transporting drum and releases the shutter.
Fig, 70 Design of the shutdown mechanism a - shutdown mechanism, 6 - details of the shutdown mechanism, in - sleeve with groove 1 - transporting drum, 2 - bushing with a protrusion, 3, 4, 5, 7 - screws, 6 and eighteen - six thorns 8 - sleeve, nine- trigger button, ten - bushing switch, eleven and 17 - finger, 12 - hole, 13 - spring, 14 - a tube, 15 - rod, 16 - release axle, 19 - bushing with groove
In order to rewind the film, it is necessary to disconnect the transport drum from the winding and trigger mechanisms. This work is performed by the shutdown mechanism. The operation of the shutdown mechanism can be seen in Fig. 70, in.
When the switch ring is turned clockwise, the switch sleeve turns with it ten The screw 7 slides along the oblique cut of the sleeve 8 and lowers the sleeve ten down, which in turn pushes down the tube 14, inside the groove sleeve 19. A tube 14 pushes down the boss sleeve 2, its protrusions come out of the groove in the bushing 19, and the transport drum is disconnected from the winding mechanism,
It is more convenient to follow the further operation of the shutdown mechanism in Fig. 70.6. When under the action of the tube 14 protruding bushing 2 falls' down, then the spring 13, inside the transport drum one, shrinks and the screw 3 moves along the cutout together with the sleeve 12 from top to bottom When the mechanism is turned off is assembled, then the thin end of the trigger shaft 16 fits into the bore of the boss 2, which, when lowering, presses on the thickened part of the trigger axle 16 and lowers the release gear eighteen together with a finger 17, separating the transport drum 1 and the trigger
The shut-off mechanism is assembled in the following sequence.In the stationary sleeve 8 the spring is lowered first 13, and then a bush with a shoulder 2. Holding the sleeve with a long screwdriver 2 sleeve side 8, screw down the screw 3. Installing gear 6 exactly under the sleeve 8, screw the sleeve with the groove into it 19 and secured with a locking screw 5. Conveyor drum one under pull up and tighten the screw 4 so that its end fits into the annular groove of the sleeve with a groove 19. After that, a trigger rod is inserted from the side of the sleeve 8 15 with tube 14 and fix the sleeve ten screw 7.
The malfunctions of the shutdown mechanism and the trigger mechanism of the FED-2 camera are similar to those of the Zorky-2s camera.
Exposure mechanism and focal plane shutter
The operating principle of the shutter speed mechanism and the curtain shutter of the FED-2 camera does not differ from the analogous units of the Zorky camera. The main difference lies in the rules and methods of disassembly and assembly. Despite the fact that disassembly and assembly of the shutter of the FED-2 camera is more complicated, some design changes made to the shutter significantly reduce these difficulties. These changes, which facilitate the assembly of the valve, primarily include the ability to install the limit gear in the correct position after assembling the valve.
S e r e c a r and c a r c a z and t in o r. Before completely disassembling the shutter, it is necessary to remove the self-timer winding lever, remove the brake latch from the body, and also disassemble the shutter speed mechanism by removing the shutter dial and shutter speed lever from the shutter drum axis.To separate the shutter body with the shutter assembly located in it from the camera body, unscrew four screws on the front of the camera body, and two screws on the top of the body.
In fig. 71, and the body of the camera is visible after removing the shutter body from it. The winding mechanism remains on it along with the transporting drum, as well as the drive clutch 3 with a finger 2. The holes on the shutter body are clearly visible one, in which the ends of the axes of the spring rollers of the shutter were located. The shutter body 7 (Fig. 71.6) contains a shutter assembly. Self-timer attached to the shutter body with 3 screws 6. If de the defect that required complete disassembly of the shutter can be eliminated after separating the shutter body from the camera body, then
121 Figure: 71 Shutter disassembly: a - the body of the camera, b - shutter body with shutter assembly, in —Or relay gear 14 and 5 - holes for axles, 2 - dad, 3 - drive clutch, 6 - self-timer, 7 - shutter body, 8 nine and 17 - axes, ten - bar; eleven - shield, 12 - screw, 13 and 15 - gears, 14 - stop screw, 16 - trigger spring
122 further disassembly of the curtain shutter can be omitted. If, for example, it is necessary to replace the lower strap or re-stick the curtains, then further disassembly is carried out in the following order. First, remove the trigger spring 16 with release axle 17, as well as the lower flap 11 and the bar ten, unscrew the two left-handed curly nuts and remove the curtain assembly from the shutter body.
Assemble the curtain shutter in the following order. First, a drum and spring rollers are installed in the valve body. The gear on the shutter drum engages with the limit gear 13 arbitrarily. The axes of the spring rollers are inserted into the holes in the valve body and secured with curly nuts with a left-hand thread. After that, on the groove of the trigger axis 17 put on a descent spring 16 and two screws entering the threaded holes of the bar ten, strengthen the shield 11 and the trigger spring.
The main difficulty in connecting the shutter body to the camera body is that it is necessary to simultaneously hit the ends of the axes nine spring rollers in holes one on the body of the camera, and the axis 8 drum of shutters - into the hole indicated by arrow 5 in the drive clutch 3, and the release axle - into the hole of the transporting drum, marked with an arrow 4
In addition, special care should be taken when assembling the shutter to focus on the finger. 2 drive clutch 3, which should be directed into the hole of the shutter drum Axle ends nine spring rollers easily fall into the holes 1 of the camera body by themselves. 2 drive clutch 3 correctly entered the hole of the drum, then further assembly of the shutter is not particularly difficult. Having connected the shutter body to the camera body with four screws on the front side of the camera and two on the side of the upper body cover, proceed to the installation of the correct engagement between the limiting gear and the shutter drum gear.
In fig. 71, e limit gear is visible 13, in the hole of which the stop screw is visible 14, limiting its rotation and stopping the bolt in the extreme wound and deflated positions. Screw 12 is the axis of the limit gear 13
In fig. 71.c also shows several teeth of gear / 5, mounted on the drum of the shutters, which mesh with the limiting gear 13.
To change the engagement between the limit gear 13 and gears 15 of the roller shutter, it is enough to unscrew the screw 12 and pulling back the gear 13 to the side, turn the gear in the desired direction 15 by the end of the axis protruding from the opposite side of the door 8. Installing and securing with a screw 12 gear 13, re-check the correctness of the engagement of the gears according to the position of the brake cam in the cutout of the brake latch. Further assembly of the shutter is carried out in the usual manner and does not cause any difficulties.
123 Self-timer
The self-timer of the FED-2 camera does not differ from the self-timer of the Zorkiy-2s camera. The mounting and interaction of the auto release with the shutter is also fully consistent. The main difference is only that in many cases the correction of the self-timer in the FED-2 camera is connected with the complete disassembly of the camera.
If the self-timer malfunctions are caused by a malfunction of the parts that are visible from the side of the rear removable cover of the photo device, then in most cases they can be corrected by repeatedly taking the shutter. If the deceleration mechanism breaks down or if the self-timer disengaging mechanism malfunctions, a complete disassembly of the shutter is required. Self-timer malfunctions and related malfunctions of the camera are discussed in detail when describing the self-timer of the Zorkiy-2s camera.
Synchro device
The synchro device of the FED-2 camera is extremely simple. It consists of a contact plate nine ( fig. 72) fixed to insulator 7. Brake latch ten at the moment of full opening
Figure: 72. Synchro device and rangefinder: one - diopter leash tips, 2 - eccentric; 3 - shield; 4 - diaphragm; 5 - lever with a prism; 6 - screw, 7 - insulator, 8 and nine - contact plates; ten - brake latch; eleven - spring; 12 - guides; 13 - frame with lens; 14 - lever arm shutter (at a shutter speed of 1/25 sec) touches the contact plate nine and ensures the closure of the circuit. When installing the rangefinder shield, the spring end 8 This plate connects to the insulated center pin of the socket. The synchro device almost never fails, and its correction does not cause difficulties.
124 Viewfinder - Rangefinder
The viewfinder-rangefinder device can be seen in Fig. 72. Viewfinder-Rangefinder camera "FED-2" has a base of 67 mm and is mounted directly on the camera body. The light separating unit is pressed against the body with a shield 3 and is reinforced with two screws. Lever 5 with movable prism is secured with a screw 6, passing through the base of the prism. There is a diaphragm between the light separating unit and the movable prism 4, fixed with a screw on the camera body. From the location of the diaphragms we 4 the correct location of the "light spot" in the rangefinder's field of view depends. Viewfinder diopter adjustment - distance measure is carried out by moving the frame with the lens 13 relative to the lens enclosed in the eyepiece barrel. Frame with lens 13 moves along the guides 12 and is under the action of a spring eleven - on the one hand, and under the action of a lever 14 - with another. This lever rests against the eccentric 2, fortified on vodka one. When you rotate the 1 diopter adjustment, the frame with the lens moves accordingly. 13, which changes the optical power of the viewfinder within +2 diopter. Sometimes the lead 1 diopter adjustment is poorly fixed in a given position. To correct this deficiency, you need to strengthen the coil spring located under the eccentric 2 on the film rewind handle sleeve. The principle of operation and adjustment of the rangefinder is described in detail in the description of the Zorky camera (see “Rangefinder”).
Lens
Camera "FED-2" completed lens "Indu- old-26m ", which has the following technical character ries:
Focal length, mm 52.4 Relative hole 1: 2.8 Image angle, hail 45 Working segment, mm 28.8 + 0.02 Resolution and lines per 1 mm:
in the center of the field 28
at the edges of the field 16
The objective lens unit is secured in a worm-gear mount with a clamping nut and a locking screw located under the metric ring.
The FED-2 camera is fitted with interchangeable lenses intended for the Zorkiy camera. (Fitting interchangeable lenses, see the description of the "Sharp" camera, "Adjusting interchangeable lenses").
125 6. CAMERA "ZARYA"
The Zarya camera is a simplified version of the FED-2 camera. There is no rangefinder in Zarya, and vodka is measured according to the meter scale of the lens. Due to the lack of a rangefinder in the camera, the appearance of the top shield has been changed. The lens barrel has also been slightly modified. The body of the camera, back cover, shutter mechanisms and synchro system remained unchanged.
Due to the change in the shape of the shield, the order of disassembly has changed. To (remove the upper shield, unscrew the three screws around the edge of the upper shield, remove the switch ring, shutter speed crown, crown and unscrew the rewind knob counterclockwise. There is another screw holding the upper shield under the frame counter dial. the shield is removed together with the terminal and the viewfinder mounted inside the shield.
The viewfinder design is very primitive and needs no explanation. All other operations for further disassembly and repair correspond to similar operations performed during disassembly and repair of the FED-2 camera. CHAPTER IV
CAMERAS WITH AUXILIARY MECHANISM EXTRACT
This group of cameras, which are based on the design of the Zorkiy camera shutter, includes Zorky-3, Zorky-Zm, Zorky-Zs, and Zorky-4 cameras. All these cameras are united in one group by the presence of mechanisms of additional exposure. Basic exposures of these cameras starting from 1/1000 sec and ending 1/25 sec, allow you to shoot handheld. Extra shutter speeds 1/10, 1/5, 1/2 and 1 sec require mounting the camera on a tripod. "Zorkiy-3" is the first widespread domestic cameras with extra exposure. It was replaced by the Zorkiy-Zm camera, in which a more sophisticated mechanism of additional exposures was installed. In addition to additional shutter speeds, the Zorky-Zs camera has a synchro device, and the Zorky-4 camera differs from it only in the presence of a self-timer.
In the future, only the Zorky-3 and Zorky-4 cameras are considered in detail, since the Zorky-Zm and Zorky-Zs are fully reflected in the latest model of the Zorky-4 camera.
1. CAMERA "ZORKY-3"
DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
Partial disassembly of the Zorkiy-3 camera (Fig. 73) is divided into two stages. First, remove the rangefinder shield and the camera body. After that, if necessary, the front panel can also be removed from the shutter body in order to be able to re-adjust the curtain shutter; The shutter design of the Zorky-3 camera allows cleaning the shutter and repairing the additional exposure mechanism without completely disassembling the shutter.
To remove the rangefinder shield 8, you need to remove the shutter speed 6 and unscrew the three screws that secure the rangefinder shield. To remove the camera body 13, need from-
127 screw two screws on the front side of the case and five screws around the edge of the upper mounting cover 12 In fig. 74, a shows the valve body after the first stage of partial disassembly. For clarity, the lens flange along with the adjusting shims has been removed from the front panel. To remove the front panel 3, you need to unscrew four screws 2, 4,
Rist 73 "Zorkiy-3" camera: 1 - limb, 2 - crown, 3 - switch, 4 - shutter button, 5 - head to complementary exposures, 6 - head excerpts, 7 - terminal, in - shield rangefinder, nine - screw plug, ten - rewind head, 11 - leash, 12 - top mounting naya cover, 13 - body, 14 - lens
8 and nine, with which the front panel is fixed to the shutter body, as well as screws 5, 7, 10 and 13, which fixed the inner flaps. Removing the front panel 3, need to drown the lever far measure 6 and, lifting the bottom side of the panel, slide it out from under the top mounting cover.
Figure 74.6 shows the appearance of the valve after partial disassembly. Shield twenty, covering spring rollers, and a shield 23, closing drum of shutters, are not fixed in any way and are easily removed. The rest of the shutter mechanisms are similar to the analogous shutter mechanisms of the Zorkiy camera, and therefore do not require a detailed description. Minor changes were made to the design of the film rewind shutdown mechanism and the details of the shutter speed mechanism, however
128 they are not essential. When disassembling the valve, it is necessary to separate the valve body 19 from the top mounting cover 16. To do this, you first need to remove the rangefinder housing eighteen, since it covers the two screws with which the shutter body 19 Connected with mounting cover. Then the deceleration mechanism is removed 22, unscrewing screws 11 and 14. After that, unscrew two screws at the top and bottom of the valve body, which are used to screw on the strips that hold the shield 21.
Before detaching the shutter body, in which the shutter assembly should remain, from the top mounting cover 16, you need to disassemble the shutter speed mechanism. Kernel 25 can be left on the top mounting cover If during repair it is not necessary to remove the curtain assembly from the valve body, the disc 15
you can not shoot.
Extra exposure mechanism
In all previously considered curtain shutters, the maximum shutter speed was 1/25 ( 1/20) sec. The Zorky-3 camera has a slowdown mechanism, which delays the closing of the second shutter for a certain, predetermined time. The duration of additional exposures depends on the delay time of the second curtain at the moment the shutter is fully opened. The exposure time is automatically adjusted and ranges from 1/10 to 1 sec. In addition, there is a D shutter speed on the head of additional shutter speeds, which ensures that the shutter opens for a long time.The mechanism of additional shutter speeds consists of a slowdown mechanism 22, mounted on the bottom wall of the shutter body and connected to the shutter speed mechanism by means of a rod 25.
The rod has a fork on one side 24, which he grabs the pin on the toothed sector of the deceleration mechanism, and on the other side, at an angle of 90 ° to the fork 24 the lever is located 27, which delays the second curtain. The rod has two semiaxes: the lower one passes through the lower wall of the valve body and abuts against the spring 12 additional exposures, the upper one is held by a connecting bar 17.
Figure 74b shows the details of the mechanism of additional holdings. In the Zorkiy-3 camera, the brake cam has two protrusions: the first is held by a brake latch and is intended for working out short exposures, the second serves to provide additional exposures.
In order for additional exposures to work, you must first set the exposure head to the 25-1 mark,
which corresponds to the excerpt! / 25 sec, if the head of additional exposures 32 also set at elevation 25. In this position
the shutter speed mechanism processes the shutter speed! / 25 sec, So like a ledge 29 is not held back by anything. If you start rotating th
9 Zac. 680 129 Figure: 74. Curtain shutter and mechg a - shutter after partial disassembly; b - shutter mechanisms; in - detailing: I - lever arm; 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, I, 13 and 14 - screws; 3 - Front Panel; 6 - growling 17 - connecting plica; eighteen - rangefinder body; 19 - shutter body; 20.2 37 - lever arm; 28 - emphasis; 29 - ledge; thirty - axis; 31 - spring; 32 - add head core wheel; 37 - six Additional exposures: mechanism of additional exposures, g - mechanisms of slowing down the rangefinder, 12 - spring, 15 - cam disc; 16 - top mounting cover; 23 - shntkn; 22 - deceleration mechanism; 24 - fork; 25 - kernel; 26 - axis; solid extracts; 33 - anchor fork; 34 - hnt-eccentric; 35 - lever; 36 - a - with a friction clutch; 38 - toothed sector
nine* additional excerpt shop 32 clockwise, then as it rotates the lever 27 will begin to block the path of the ledge 29 brake cam. The more you turn the additional shutter speed dial 32 from the mark 25 to mark D, the larger the lever 27 will move out and more block the path of the ledge 29. Tired viv head 32 to mark one ( one sec), you need to see how this excerpt will work. If you start the shutter and then press the shutter button, the first curtain will begin to open. Together with the opening of the first curtain, the shutter lever is turned. The second curtain will be held by a brake cam located in the brake latch cutout. When the first curtain fully opens the shutter, the shutter speed lever moves the brake latch, which releases the brake cam, after which the second curtain begins to close. As soon as the second curtain begins to move, the protrusion 29 meets a lever on its way 27, and the closing of the second curtain will be delayed.
Ledge 29 rotates due to the tension of the spring roller of the second curtain. With the effort of this roller, the protrusion 29 will turn the lever 27 until it clears the way for the ledge 29, after which the shutter will close. From the time it takes to move the lever 27, and the duration of exposure will depend. To the ledge 29 at the moment of the start-up, the shutter did not touch the lever 27, in the mechanism of additional exposure there is a device that lowers and raises this lever. When the shutter is started, the lever 27 is in the lowered position and the ledge 29 passes over it. As soon as the first curtain opens the shutter, the disc 15 ( fig. 74, a) will turn, and the pin located on its inner side will press the spring of additional exposures 12 to the valve body. This spring, in turn, will press on the lower half of the rod 25, raise the lever 27 up and flush with the ledge 29. Thanks to this device, the protrusion 29 touches the lever 27 only at the moment the shutter is released. Lever arm 27 falls down under the action of a spring 31, fixed on the axis thirty. Spring 31 captures the upper half axis 26 and has two actions on it: presses it down and at the same time towards the head of additional holdings 32. From the precise work of the spring 31 reliable operation of the entire mechanism of additional exposures depends.
The slowing down mechanism is shown in Fig. 74, d. It consists of a toothed sector 38, which through the gear 37 transmits rotation to the escape wheel 36. The escape wheel brakes the anchor fork 33, which is fixed on the lever 35. By turning the adjusting screw 34, the depth of engagement between the fork and escape wheel can be changed. Inside the gear 37 A single-acting roller clutch is installed, which, when the sector turns in the direction of the arrow drawn on it, transfers the force to the escape wheel, and when the sector returns, it disconnects it from the deceleration mechanism. Roller device
132 "The friction clutch is similar to the self-timer roller clutch of the photo apparatus" Smena-2 ".
The deceleration mechanism can work with two degrees of braking, Normal braking force is generated when the truss fork is engaged 33: If the lever 35 pulled to the right, then its opposite end will move in the opposite direction and move the escapement fork away from the escape wheel, thereby creating the minimum degree of braking, which is used for exposure 1/10 sec.
To get a clearer idea of how the shutter works! / ten sec, you need to monitor the operation of the mechanism of additional zhek according to fig. 74, e. When installing the head of additional exposure 32 to mark "25", lever 27 does not impede the rotation of the protrusion 29 and the shutter works out the shutter speed '/ 25 sec. When you rotate the extended shutter speed dial clockwise to the next 1/5 division, the lever 27 moves slightly forward and slightly blocks the path of the ledge 29, which, when the shutter is triggered, should slightly turn the lever to the side 27. At the next extra exposure, 1/2 sec lever arm 27 still extends forward and rotates to a greater extent when the shutter is released
angle. The next additional excerpt is 1 / ten sec. Despite the fact that at this shutter speed the lever 27 turns even more, the shutter speed is still short. This is because at a shutter speed of 1/10 sec the deceleration mechanism works with minimal braking. There is a special cam on the axis of the head of additional holdings, which, when the head is installed 32 shutter speed 1/10 sec, by means of lever 1 moves the anchor fork away from the escapement wheel of the retardation mechanism. Thanks to this device, a stable operation of the shutter at a shutter speed of 1/10 is ensured sec.
Gate
Assembly and regu l and r about in k and z and in about r and. The installation of the shutter body with the shutter assembly on the upper mounting cover and the assembly of the exposure mechanism differ little from the assembly of the shutter of the Zorky camera. When assembling the valve, make sure that the rod 25 ( rice, 74.6) entered the hole in the valve body. After fixing it and checking the work of the main excerpts, further assembly is carried out in the following order. First, fasten the shield with two screws 21 and the upper bar, and then install the trigger spring and fix the lower bar with two screws. Installing the flap 21, care must be taken not to touch the drum and spring roller. Internal flaps twenty and 23 can be installed both before and after the installation of the retarding mechanism. Installing the deceleration mechanism 22, you need to watch that the plug 24 connected to the pin on the toothed sector of the retarding mechanism. Screws eleven and 14, which secures the retarding mechanism to the bolt body must not be overtightened to avoid
133 skew board mechanism. Installing the front panel 3, you need to put lever 1 behind the protrusion of the deceleration mechanism bar. Screws 2, 4, 8 and 9 must be tightened to failure. Fastening the shields with screws 5, 7, 10 and 13, make sure that the screws 7 and ten were short.
If you can install the front panel 3 without distortions, then after assembling the shutter, you will not need to adjust additional shutter speeds.
Check the operation of the additional shutter speed mechanism in the following order. By setting the shutter speed lever into the shutter speed dial slot corresponding to shutter speeds of 1/25 - 1 sec, head up additional exposures are set to 1/25 sec and check this excerpt. You stupa 29 should not touch the lever 27. After that, additional extracts are set in turn and their work is checked. If it is found that the shutter speeds are not working correctly, then the mechanism will need to be adjusted.
supplement solid extracts. To adjust the mechanism of additional exposure, you need to release the locking screw and unscrew the cap on the head of additional exposure 32. Figure: 75. Head additional In fig. 75 shows the head of additional exposures excerpts without a cap. On the sleeve 2 there is a locking screw 3, which the fixes the adjusting screw one. The adjustment is carried out in the following sequence. First unscrew the locking screw 3, then set the scale 4 to mark one/ 5 sec and, holding the scale with one hand, tighten the screw / with the other hand. The adjustment is checked by ear. Shutter speed 1/5 should work for the minimum time, but without overshoots. If after 10-15 control shutter operations no breakthroughs are found, then the screw can be fixed in this position. one locking screw 3. Before installing the locking screw 3 need 0.5 mm deepen the hole, otherwise the set screw will protrude from the thread and prevent the cap from being screwed in. In most cases, after adjusting the shutter speed 1/5 sec exposure 1 sec starts working as D.
The solutions to this problem are described in the attached table.
Malfunctions of the additional exposure mechanism are eliminated after partial disassembly of the shutter. In all the described faults of the mechanism additional excerpts detail There is a rule of thumb about the main (short) highlights.
134 T a b l and c a 12
Extra exposure mechanism malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Additional you Clogged mechanism Disassemble and clean delays do not work, slowdowns mechanism deceleration. shutter remains from (For details on cleaning, see the covered description camera "Amateur" "Repair av to-release ")
Exposure 1/10 sec works like '/ 1. Lever one ( fig. 74, a) Move the lever over the height 2 sec jumped off the bar of the dumb mechanism bars deceleration mechanism deceleration
2. Lever one { fig. 74, a) is not Bend the end of the plan enough takes away ki mechanism is slowed down plank mechanism for towards growling delays gu one ( fig. 74, a)
Exposure 1 sec and 3. Bar mechanism Facilitate traffic 1/2 sec work like deceleration stuck in the pulled retarding mechanism bars 1/10 sec position laziness
Exposure D works Lever arm 27 does not rest against the Tighten the screw 28 ( fig. like 1 sec screw 28 ( fig. 74, c) 74, c) so that its cut edge is expanded was and when setting the exposure "D" blocked way to lever 27 Exposure 1 sec ra Malfunction against Cut the screw 28 so that works like D the opposite of the previous one. lever arm 27 (fig. Lever arm 27 runs into 74, in) when installing you screw 28 ( fig. 74, in) holders 1 sec I didn't need to touch his. Cut the screw 28 highly Little, so as not to call defect. Additional you The mechanism is dirty Clean me Holders work intermittently. This is deceleration, and jagged deceleration and roller clutch a very common fur defect. sector 55 (Fig. 74, d) does not khanism 37 return every time (Fig. 74, d). After cleaning deceleration. is he is returned to its original position make sure toothed expressed in the fact that with sector 38 the ambassador is triggered repeated repetition each time placing rhenium aging 1 sec rotates to the original the shutter works you different lengths zestiness.
Shutter speed 1 / 5sec. Defect caused by wear Adjust fur batting like 1/25 sec catfish mechanism parts nism of additional you (slips) additional vyder decks see “Assembling and re zhek; as a result, the "shutter adjustment"
29 does not touch the lever 27 (Fig. 74, c)
131 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
All additional 1. Turned around on the axis (Fig. Release the bolt and, from the shutter speeds work like a disc 15 with pin screw, unfold 1/25 sec 74, a) disk 15 so that its pin tightly pressed spring 12 ( fig. 74, c> to the valve body, and then tightly tighten the disc fastening screw 15
2, Pin disk 15 On a spring 12 there is (fig. 74, a) loose cutting part on which presses the spring 12 rui presses pin to the valve body disk 15 ( fig. 74, a). Non cut-off part need to bend more abruptly springs us / 2 ...
Additional you 1. Got dirty fur- Disassemble and clean holders work sluggishly slowing down deceleration mechanism. EU and stop Is there a malfunction after cleaning the retarding mechanism? the property is not liquidated, then you need to wind the spring roller for 1-2 turns second (long) curtain
Viewfinder-Rangefinder
The device of the viewfinder-rangefinder of the Zorkiy-3 camera is similar to the rangefinder of the Zorkiy-5 camera. Rotating the wedge frame, adjust the rangefinder vertically, and you need to remove the rangefinder shield. The rangefinder wedge is usually glued to the body with shellac glue, which must be soaked with alcohol before adjusting. To rotate the wedge, you must make a special socket wrench.
Lens
The Zorkiy-3 camera is equipped with the Jupiter-8 high-aperture lens. It is a lightened six-lens anastigmat with the following technical characteristics:
Focal length, mm ... , 52.4 Relative hole ...... 1: 2 Image angle, hail 45 Working segment, mm ... 28.8 Resolution in lines per 1 mm, lower in the center of the field. 25 at the edges of the field 15
136 To remove the lens unit (Fig. 76) from the worm gear, you need to wrap a strip of rubber sheet around the diaphragm ring 4 and front lens frame 5 and unscrew with force. Pick up the shims
ki 2, align the lens. Recommended for cleaning the lens Only unscrew the rear lens unit 1, It is not recommended to disassemble the front lens unit.
Due to the fact that the back cover of the Zorkiy-3 camera is removable, install
the lens can be focused directly on the camera, frosted glass is placed on the frame guides. Fitting interchangeable
lenses Fig, 76. Block of lenses of the objective "Yupn- ter-8 ": produced in the same way as in the Zorkiy / - back lens unit, 2 - gaskets; camera. 3 - screw diaphragm, ragma, 5 - front4 lens- diaph frame ring
2. CAMERA "ZORKY-4"
The Zorkiy-4 camera is an improved version of the Zorkiy-3 camera.
The main design flaw of the Zorkiy-3 camera is the imperfect mechanism of additional shutter speeds, which takes the impact of the curtain shutter and therefore requires frequent adjustments. The Zorky-4 camera is equipped with an impeccably functioning deceleration mechanism of a domestic design, in which all these shortcomings are eliminated.
In fig. 77 shows a general view of the Zorkiy-4 camera. As you can see from the figure, the body of the camera 19 remained the same as in the Zorkiy-3 camera. The device has not changed and the rewind head 16 and leash 17 diopter adjustment. Almost all other external parts are reconfigured. Frame counter limb 6 secured with screw 7 directly on the crown 5. Ring switch nine, which turns off the transport drum during the film rewinding, has been completely changed and in its structure does not differ from the analogous unit of the Zorkiy-2s camera.
Shutter button ten can leave the shutter open for a long time. Scale ring 12 the synchro regulator is attached directly to the shutter speed scale eleven. According to your device
137 The synchronization control is the same as in the Zorkiy-2s camera. Exposure head 12 set to the required shutter speed only when the shutter is wound. Due to the installation of the synchro device on the shutter, the rangefinder shield 15 has an elongated shape.
Figure: 77. "Zorkky-4" camera, one - screw, 2 - self-timer lever, 3 - start button, 4 - ushkn, 5 - anodic head; b - Khadr counter limb, 7 - screw, 3 - sync contact, 9 - ring switch, ten - go down skid button, eleven - exposure scale, 12 - head of excerpts, 13 - scale snnhroreguli- Torah, 14 - terminal, 15 - rangefinder shield; 16 - reverse head rewind films, 17 - leash for diopter adjustment; eighteen - mounting cover, 19 - body, thirty - lens Jupiter 8
The Zorky-4 camera is equipped with a self-timer, which is started with a winding lever 2 and is turned on by the start button 3.
PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
To gain access to the shutter mechanisms, you need to remove the rangefinder shield 15 and camera body 19. Due to the change in the shape of the rangefinder shield 15 the procedure for disassembling the camera has also changed. To remove the flap 15, you need to loosen the locking screw and unscrew the crown 5, loosen the two locking screws and remove the exposure crown 12, loosen the locking screw on the scale 13 synchro regulator.
138 The rangefinder shield is fixed on the camera with three decorative screws and two screws located under the crown. It is removed along with the exposure scale eleven and scale 13 synchro regulator.
In the Zorkiy-4 cameras of the first issues, it is also necessary to remove the ring switch nine, since its head does not fit into the hole in the shield 15.
To remove the camera body 19, you need to unscrew the screw one and remove the winding self-timer lever 2, unscrew the two decorative screws on the front of the camera body and five screws around the edge of the upper mounting cover eighteen.
During partial disassembly, the case of the synchro device is removed as necessary. Front panel 8 ( fig. 78) is filmed in the same way as with the Zorkiy-3 camera, but it is filmed only in case of a malfunction of the shutter assembly. After partial disassembly of the bolt, the crown must be replaced.
Rns 78. Nodes and shutter mechanisms after partial disassembly one - lower flap, 2 - auto release, 3 - screw, 4 - bushing, 5 - crown, 5 - board, 7 - lens flange; 8 - Front Panel In fig. 78 shows the assemblies and mechanisms of the shutter after partial disassembly. Front Panel 8 serves to mount the lens flange 7 and internal shields. Self-timer 2 does not differ from the self-timer of the Zorkiy-2s camera. Clockwork axis 5 installed in the bushing 4 and secured with a screw 3, before keeping the brake spring of the crown from damage. The viewfinder-rangefinder is assembled on a separate board 6 and easy
139 Figure: 79. The device of the mechanism of additional vyder zhek: a - mechanism additional excerpts; 6 - mechanism for slowness; in - base and locking bar one - base; 2, 8.10, 12, 24 and 25 - screws; 3 - slowing mechanism; 4 - sync contact; 5 - nut; 6 and 14 - gears; 7 - axis, 9 - spring; eleven - anchor plug; 13 - anchor wheel, 15 - finger; 16 - cam; 17 - locking lever; eighteen - shutter speed disc, 19 - lever arm excerpts; twenty - brake cam; 21 - column; 22 - ledge; 23 and 26 - tides
140 removed. The bottom shield 1, reinforced with two screws, is removed as required. By design, the shutter of the Zorkiy-4 camera (with the exception of the extra shutter speed mechanism) does not differ from the shutters of other Zorkiy camera models.
Extra exposure mechanism
The additional holding mechanism consists of a slowing mechanism and an associated locking lever. The deceleration mechanism is fixed on the base one ( fig. 79, a) two screws 2 and 8. To disassemble the mechanism of additional holdings, it is necessary to unscrew these screws and remove the mechanism of retardation.
The deceleration mechanism is shown in Fig. 79.6. It consists of an anchor plug eleven, escape wheel 13, gears with roller clutch (not visible in the figure), drive gear 14 and six thorns 6 with a finger 15. Gear 14 pressed onto the axle 7 and rotates with her. A working spring is installed on the upper part of the axle nine, rotating deceleration mechanism. A cam is installed at the lower end of the axle 16, which pulls the locking lever over the ledge 22.
In fig. 79, in the base is visible one, under which the locking lever is fixed 17. There is a spring under the base that presses the locking lever against the column 21. The deceleration mechanism is removed in this figure. If, in this position, start and then release the shutter, the first (short) shutter curtain will open, and the second will remain in place. This is due to the fact that the locking lever 17 will hold the brake cam twenty. If you move the lock lever to the left with a screwdriver, it will release the brake cam and the bolt will close. When the shutter is assembled, the deceleration mechanism does this work. Spring action nine ( fig. 79.6) fist 16 grab the ledge 22 on the locking lever and swings it to the side. While the shutter is operating at short (main) exposures, the cam 16 of the deceleration mechanism all the time holds the 17 in a retracted position. If the shutter is set to any of the additional (long) exposures, then when the shutter is set, the exposure lever 19 grab a finger 15 and turn the thorns 6 at a certain angle. Together with the gear 6 and the gear will turn 14, on the axis of which the cam is fixed 16. Cam 16
in turn releases the locking lever 17, which, under the action of its spring, will move to the right and take a position that blocks the path of the brake cam twenty. If the shutter is released in this position, the first (short) curtain will immediately open, and the second, by moving 1.5 - 2 mm, will stop because the brake cam rests on the lock lever. The second curtain will be open as long as it takes the deceleration mechanism to allow the spring to nine unwind and ku-
141 with the tab 16, move to the left the locking lever holding the second curtain.
It is necessary to pay attention to one feature of the shutter speed disc. eighteen. The slots in this dial, corresponding to short shutter speeds, (From 1/1000 to 1/25 sec, they are cut deeply, all the way to the shutter speed dial. If you start and release the shutter in this position, the shutter speed lever will pass below your finger 15, without touching it, and the shutter will work out short exposures. Shutter speed dial slots corresponding to additional shutter speeds from 1/10 to 1 sec, cut to depth only 0.5 mm, i. the shutter lever is only fixed by these slots and remains in the raised position. It is allowed to rearrange the shutter speed in the Zorkiy-4 camera only with the shutter turned on.
As soon as the index of the shutter speed head) (when rearranging you approaches the shutter speed mark, the additional color marked red is immediately felt due to the fact that the shutter speed an effort. It happens lever is on its path grabs a finger 15 gears 6 and starts the deceleration mechanism. If, without releasing the shutter, move the exposure head from long exposures to short exposures, you will hear the characteristic sound of the deceleration mechanism. The sound will stop when the shutter speed index reaches the 1/50 sec. At this moment the cam 16 will move the locking lever 17 to the extreme left position, and the unwinding of the deceleration mechanism will stop, since the cam 16 rests against the ledge 22 on the locking lever.
Assembly and regul and r about in amekhan and zmazmazam and meld and y. The assembly and adjustment of the deceleration mechanism is carried out in the following sequence. First, the shutter is started, then the shutter speed lever is set in the slot of the shutter speed dial corresponding to the shutter speed l / fifty sec. After that, take the deceleration mechanism in the left hand so that the thumb of the left hand touches the anchor fork eleven, and rotating the gear 6 with the right hand, the spring of the deceleration mechanism is wound up by two or three turns. Holding the deceleration mechanism, with your left hand install it on the base 1 and fasten it with screws, making sure that nut 5 (Fig. 79, a) was positioned symmetrically around the exposure lever bushing.
When installing the deceleration mechanism, you must also ensure that the cam 16 was not on top, but next to the ledge 22. Before proceeding with the adjustment of the deceleration mechanism, you need to unscrew the nut two turns. 5 of gear 6. To when unscrewing the nut, do not damage the deceleration mechanism, you need to jam it for this time by inserting a screwdriver into the hole 8, Unscrewing the nut 5, gear 6 is lowered down and disengaged with the mating gear. Rotating the gear 6 clockwise, slide your finger 15, mounted on this gear, to the shutter lever 19. After setting the gear correctly, it is lifted
142 upward and mesh with the mating gear. Before tightening the nut 5, need to set the gap between the finger 15 gears 6 and shutter speed lever jumper 19 within 1-1.5 mm,
Due to the fact that it is impossible to predict in advance all the defects that may arise in the mechanism of additional holdings, when repairing the mechanism of additional holdings in each individual case, it is necessary to carefully inspect the slowing mechanism and correct all detected faults. 14 shows the main malfunctions of the deceleration mechanism, which are not associated with its correct installation and general adjustment.
Table 13
Shutter malfunctions associated with a violation of the adjustment mechanism additional extracts
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Deceleration mechanism 1. Efforts mechanism Increase by one or two works. Remain the shutter at any deceleration insufficient turnover preliminary exposure us to back off the porn lever 17 ( rns. spring factory nine Xia open 79, c)
2. Cam 16 (rice Keep the washers on 79, b) mechanism of slowing down tides 23 and 26 between it touches the valve mounting base 1 and mechanism cover deceleration (rice 79, c)
3. Cam 16 ( rns. By loosening the screws 2 and 8, 79, b) hurts for ko move the slow mechanism pubic 21 ( rns. 79, c) laziness to the left and again for pull the screws
4. Moves tight Unscrew 1/4 turn and tighten locking lever 17 ( rns. that screw 25 and 1/2 arr- 79, c) screws 24 (Fig. 79, c)
Deceleration mechanism 1. Jams shut-off Also works, and all additional lever arm 17 ( fig. 79, in) in the extreme left position fight like 1/25 sec nii
2. The spring came off Take off base 1 shut-off lever 17 (Fig. 79, c) and reinstall the spring. (Fig. 79, c), which In order to remove the base- * 1, it shifts it to the right is necessary to completely disassemble the shutter
(see "Complete disassembly shutter "in the description of the camera" Zorkiy -3 ")
143 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Deceleration mechanism Clogged mechanism In most cases does not work. Shutter on deceleration and remained in the external inspection any shutter speeds are left open (without disassembling the mechanism ma deceleration) succeeds find a speck (cha most of all a grain of sand), on the fallen between the teeth gears of the mechanism for delays
The shutter curtains are not 1. Very characteristic Elimination is faulty work to the end, defect caused not is being conducted over several shutter speed head is not correct operating directions. Sleep installed in all positions by the device. The beginning chala remove the mechanism amateur photographers who are not deceleration to field knowing that the additional access to the lever 19 ( rice 79, in). endure kah head excerpts After that, remove the exposure does not sit down to the end, ̂ try lever and straighten it. Making to drown her with force. The result straightening, is you need to achieve so that following lever jumper malfunction- zhek settled down under an angle of 90 ° to its bushing, and a figured pin (with which the lever is a) cut deeper fixed shutter speed disc slots, in the slots of the disc, it did not and finger 15 ( fig. 79, b) stagger and stood at an angle of 90 jumps off from lever ° to the jumper. After that, set the excerpts; shutter speed lever
and check how the pin enters the slots of the shutter speed disk twenty
b) unbends per If the edges of the splines are shutter speed lever sliver, notch exposure disc which leads to the same defect fox, you need to bend the lever strap vyder so that the pin of the shutter speed lever booty gave on the part of the splines that remained neura dima. After that, the deceleration mechanism is installed in place and the entire mechanism is adjusted.
144 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
2. Violated mouth Right install new mechanism per deceleration mechanism and slow and finger 15 tighten the screws securely 2 (fig. 79.6) when installing and 8 ( fig. 79, a), in most cases shutter speed 1/50 sec when adjusting the mechanism to situated not row house, and above the link of the lever complementary excerpts excerpts 19 after this malfunction (Fig. 79, c). When pulling the it turns out that the six shutter speed lever nya 6 remained bent up and the up (to transfer to another excerpt) mechanism does not work properly. from " In such cases, it is necessary the gear bends up 6 with finger 15, and after moving remove the mechanism again for slowing the lever pulled down and carefully zhek finger 15 nipples bend the gear 6 together with the it comes off the lever, which leads board down. To the desired gear to this malfunction height 6 can be installed, under the saw also the tide 21 (Fig. 79, c).
First (short) Exposure head per In most cases " the shutter opens does not move the scale to the end defect succeeds arrange zhek 11 (fig. 77) thread without disassembling the photo apparatus. For this, it is necessary to determine which side of the scale has shifted. la extracts 11, and with an effort move it so to make her sit with uniform gap around the head
Table 14
Deceleration mechanism malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Gear 14 provo Weak fit shes To strengthen the gears eagerly on axle 7 thorns per axle. If in nor 14 you need to disassemble the (fig. 79.6) time not discover deceleration mechanism and this malfunction, then blacken landing after a few sessions axis edge 7 twisting mechanism to additional extracts refuses
10 Zak. 680 145 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Loose cam Not enough splitting Malfunction can 16 n and the axis 7 (Fig. 79.61 Pan axis at the point of attachment eliminate, without disassembling of the cam mechanism deceleration. Riveting the end of the axle 7 at the point of attachment of the cam 16, you need to be careful not to
touch the mechanism slow down laziness
Slips Roles Contamination or by Roller device " fur friction clutch - oil drop on the role of slowdown clutch similarly ki and cams clutches self-timer clutch the camera "Amateur-2", when describing which understands it in detail repairs
Anchor fork 11 not Screw unscrewed 14 Malfunction can brakes the anchor stake (Figure 79, a) with 13 ( fig. due to eliminate without removing the 791 vibration that is deceleration mechanism from the base nones when working me By releasing the screw deceleration khanism 12, move the anchor plug regarding an core gear and achieve normal
clinging between them, then tighten the screw tightly 12
Deceleration mechanism Clogging mechanism Examine carefully does not rotate deceleration every gear of the fur deceleration and remove
speck. Self-timer
The structure and operation of the self-timer of the Zorky-4 camera does not differ from the operation of the self-timer of the Zorkiy-2s camera, except for the methods of disassembly. All auto-start faults and related shutter faults, which were analyzed in detail when describing the Zorky-2s camera, are also characteristic of the Zorky-4 camera. The only fault characteristic only for the Zorkiy-4 camera, is the illumination of the film with side light penetrating through the hole for the self-timer lever. To eliminate the flare, you need to glue a lanyard into the shutter between the self-timer shield and the camera body. It is glued with the back cover removed without disassembling the camera. It is also recommended to install a round leather spacer between the camera body and the wind-up self-timer lever, as is done in the latest models of cameras.
146 Viewfinder-Rangefinder
The viewfinder-rangefinder of the Zorky-4 camera is assembled on a separate board, which is fixed on the upper mounting cover with three screws. All movable parts of the rangefinder are similar to the corresponding parts of the rangefinder of the Zorkiy-5 camera.
Details about the viewfinder-rangefinder device are described in the description of the Zor- cue-5 "(see" Viewfinder-distance number"). General view viewfinder rangefinder removed from the shutter is shown in Fig. 80. On a massive board 7 reinforced light-separating unit 6 and rack 3,
which contains frame 1 with optical wedge 2. Sleeve 8 reinforced directly on board 7. Lever ten with cam eleven with a screw nine fixed on the eccentric axis. Fig. 80 Viewfinder-Rangefinder Screw 5 serves for precise aiming of a one - wedge frame, 2 —Optical wedge. distance measure horizontally. Spring 4 3 - stoic, 4 - spring, 5 - adjusting vnt, 6 - light-separating unit of prisms, 7 - board, 8 - sleeve, nine - screw,
rangefinder pressing lever arm ten - lever arm, eleven - adjusting cam movable prism to the eccentric. Spring 4 sometimes it comes off. Putting it in place
it is necessary to correct the shape of the spring, thus preventing repeated jumping off.
3. CAMERA "MIR"
The outward appearance of the Mir camera does not differ from the Zorkiy-4 camera and is a simplified version of it. The only difference between the Mir camera and the Zorky-4 camera is the absence of an additional exposure mechanism. The Mir camera is equipped with an Industar-50 lens in a retractable or rigid frame.
Due to the lack of a deceleration mechanism, the operation of this camera is facilitated; it works reliably even in the hands of a novice amateur photographer. If desired, the Mir camera can be equipped with any interchangeable lenses, which makes it possible to use it for professional filming. All issues related to disassembly, assembly and adjustment of the Mir camera are discussed in detail when describing the Zorky-4 camera.
ten* 147 4. CAMERA "KIEV-4"
Cameras of the "Kiev" brand are modern high-end small format cameras that meet all the requirements of professional and qualified amateur photographers. Cameras "Kiev" are used for scientific research and technical work. In the first post-war years, cameras "Kiev-2" and "Kiev-3" were brought in. "Kiev-3" was equipped with a photoexposure meter. After
Fig 81. Camera "Kiev-4": one - screw, 2 - winding self-timer lever, 3 - exposure ring, 4 - insert; 5 - screw. 6 - release button, 7 - clockwork head, 8 and twenty - protective glasses of the rangefinder, 9 - frame counter, 10 - latch, eleven - toothed disc, 12 - exposure meter visor; 13 - exposure meter, 14 - terminal 15 - visor button, 16 and 17 - calculator scales, eighteen - film rewind head, 13 - lugs for a belt, 21 - release button; 23 - plug socket, 23 - lens lock, 24 - camera body, 25 - lens equipping these cameras with synchrodevices, whether they were named "Kiev-2a" and "Kiev-Za". The back cover of the currently produced Kiev-4a and Kiev-4 cameras has been modernized, and the Kiev-4 camera, in addition, has changed the shape and structure of the photoexposure meter.
Due to the fact that "Kiev" cameras have a very complex structure, it is possible to master the repair of "Kiev" cameras perfectly only after completing practice at a manufacturer's factory or under the guidance of an experienced craftsman. However, having
148 with sufficient technical knowledge and using this repair manual, you can learn how to fix most of the defects encountered.
External parts of the Kiev-4 camera are shown in Fig. 81. Due to the fact that different models of Kiev cameras differ little from each other, only the Kiev-4 camera is considered in detail. Small design differences 5 between models during repair will not cause significant difficulties.
Camera body and back cover
The body of the Kiev-4 camera is cast under pressure from an aluminum alloy and covered with thin embossed leather. The back cover (fig. 82) is stamped from aluminum. The underside of the back cover is covered with a chrome-plated decorative flap eleven
12 eleven M nine Fig. 82. Rear removable cover one and nine - locks, 2 - figured screw, 3 and 8 - lateral edges, 4 - roller, 5 - axis, 6 - clamp table, 7 - emphasis, ten - bow, eleven -decorative shield, 12 - film rewind button
Are there two locks / and 9 different locks on the back cover? configuration. Lock nine opens and closes the supply cash set and more often fails, lock / opens the reception cash set. However, in most cases, shooting is carried out on the receiving spool, and the lock / only fixes the back cover on the body.
The back cover locks are simple and easy to repair. Locks are assembled on a common axis and tightened with screws 2. The back cover has a pressure table 6, aligning the film in front of the frame window. When the press table is held on the back cover by spring-loaded paws that enter the stops 7.
149 Roller 4 is critical in film feeding. It bends down the film between the transporting drum and the take-up reel (or cassette) and wraps the film around the transporting drum, as a result of which the film is fed simultaneously by two (on each side) teeth of the transporting drum. If there is no roller, the transport drum will only pick up one perforation on each side when rewinding the film, causing the film to break. The lower axle is machined as one piece with a roller 4. Top steel axle 5 insert in the direction of the arrow. After many years of operation, the lower aluminum roller shaft 4 grinds down and breaks off. In such cases, the top
- the numerical axis is left, and a hole is drilled in the place of the broken off lower axis and a new steel axis is inserted. Hole ... must be drilled with a minimum deviation from the center. Otherwise, the roller 4, will jam, which will lead to film breaks.
If the camera is used incorrectly, when the rear cover is attached or removed, it is skewed, side edges 3 unbend. Installing and removing such a cover requires additional effort. Considering the side edges 3
in the direction of the arrow 8, it is easy to find all the bends that are not difficult to eliminate. There is a button on the back cover 12, it turns off the transport drum when rewinding the film,
PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
When repairing the shutter, it is best to remove it from the camera body. Only after a long practice can you learn how to fix some faults without removing the shutter.
When repairing the shutter, you can remove the top cover with the exposure meter 4 ( fig. 83), screen 13 or remove both and then remove the shutter from the camera body. The operations that must be performed to remove the shutter from the camera body are described below, and when considering specific malfunctions, it is indicated in which cases it is necessary to remove the shutter from the camera body, and in which cases can be limited to removing the top cover or screen.
To remove the top cover 4, need to unscrew screw 1 and remove the rewind knob. Between the rewind fork 2 and screw 1 there is a spring and an insert, and between the fork 2 and a bushing placed a textolite washer, which ensures smooth rotation of the rewind handle, Then you need to disassemble and remove the crown 6 shutter. To do this, first unscrew three screws 7 around the grooved surface of the crown 6 and remove the insert together with the release button and the spring. Then unscrew the three screws on the don-
150 part of the crown. The ring with the exposure scale is fixed on the top cover with two screws. Adjusting spacers are installed between the ring and the top cover, the purpose of which is described below, when describing the assembly of the camera. In order to release the top cover, you need to unscrew one screw located under this ring and, in addition, four more screws from the side of the removed back cover. On the left side you need to unscrew the screws 3, and on the right - the figure screw nine and screw 8.
You need to remove the top cover without any effort. To do this, "it is recommended to press the release button axis and simultaneously
Rice, 83. "Kiev-4" camera without back cover: one - screw, 2 - fork, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 - screws, 4 - top cover with exposure meter, 5 - frame counter lnmb, 6 - per water head, ten - transporting drum, 13 - screen
rotate the transport drum with your finger ten. Then limb frame counter 5, put on the bolt axis and protruding from the slot in the top cover, it is easier to disengage from the gears of the transport mechanism. Before removing the screen 13. it is necessary to unscrew the screw on the valve body, located in the direction of the arrow eleven. It is best to unscrew this screw with a magnetic screwdriver to prevent it from falling into the shutter mechanisms. Screen 13' is held on the camera body by four screws located at the corners. Having moved the screen down together with the transporting drum, first raise its left side, and then remove the screen from the transporting drum ten.
Extraction of the product from the corpus. In fig. 84 while the camera is taken after partial disassembly. Frame counter gear 3 removed from its axis 3 and shifted to the side in order to gain access to one of the screws, which heels
161 on the body of the camera. Before proceeding with further disassembly, it is recommended to refit the crown. For this hub 6 turn in any direction so that the cutout on the hub is located above any of the slots in the exposure disc 8.
When installing the crown, you need to direct the crown finger into the slot of the hub 6 so that the knife-like end of the finger enters one of the slots in the exposure dial,
... and then secure the crown with three screws.
Figure: 84. Camera "Kiev 4" after partial disassembly - 1, 4 and 7 - screws, 5 - prism, 3 ~ frame counter gear, 5-axis; 6 - hub, 8 - disc of excerpts, 9 - transporting drum, ten - shutter body
When removing the shutter, remember that there is an unprotected rangefinder prism next to the shutter. 2, which og any accidental pressing may burst. The shutter is fixed to the camera body with screws I, 4 and 7, (fig. 87) as well as the screw 12 ( fig. 83). If it is known in advance that the defect to be eliminated is simple, then the wire going from the sync contact to the plug socket need not be unsoldered. If the defect is complex, then from the side of the rewind plug, remove the shield and unsolder the wire from the central contact of the plug socket. You need to unsolder the wire with one touch of the soldering iron, so as not to overheat the insulator of the plug socket. When heated for a long time, the insulator of the plug socket becomes charred and breaks down. When removing the shutter from the camera body, shake it slightly, without applying excessive force. The shutter body is cast from a brittle aluminum alloy and its breakage leads to very difficult repairs associated with the body restoration.
152 In fig. 85, a shows the shutter removed from the camera body. At a cursory inspection of the shutter, a large number of small parts and all kinds of gears are striking, which makes the shutter seem extremely complex, unreliable and inaccessible for repair. In reality, however, it is a trouble-free and reliable shutter, which, with proper handling and qualified repair, can work reliably for many years, even under conditions of maximum reporter load, when 2-3 rolls of film are removed every day.
Before starting to study or repair the shutter, it is necessary in the direction of the arrow one fasten the screw that holds the axis of the upper drum of the upper drum from accidental falling out. For this screw, in the valve body next to the axis of the upper drum,
special technological hole. If there is no special screw, you can temporarily use the screw that secures the self-timer
Transporting mechanism
The film feed in the Kiev-4 camera is carried out from the feeding "cassette to the take-up spool or from the cassette" directly to the take-up cassette. A rewinding head, a shutter screen with film guides, a rear removable cover with a pressure table, a transport drum, as well as a fork and a frictional take-up reel are involved in the operation of the transporting mechanism. The rewind head fork has a coil spring inside. Under the action of this spring, the fork is pressed against the bushing of the valve body. The friction between the fork and the bushing of the body ensures a constant tension on the film during transportation. The film guides on the shutter screen are designed so that during transportation the film lies only on the inner guides, which are lower than the outer ones along the entire height by the thickness of the film. The outer guides absorb all the force of the pressure table springs at the rear of the cover. Such a device ensures good alignment of the film in front of the frame window and does not create additional friction between the film and the pressure table of the back cover
The transport drum is driven by a system of gears connecting it to the bolt crown. When turning the crown 6 ( fig. 85, a) rotates the disk of the supports 5 together with the drive gear fixed under it. Via - intermediate gears 3 and 4 this rotation is transmitted to the wheel 2, the axis of which is connected to the bushing 7. Inside the sleeve there is a crossbar, which fits into the slot 8 on the transport drum nine and rotates it. Simultaneously with the transporting drum, the take-up reel clutch also rotates.
In fig. 85.6 shows how the rotation is transmitted to the gear 12 the take-up spool clutch. When the sleeve rotates, it rotates
153 Xia and gear eleven, the sleeve of which is connected to it by a pin. Gear of thorns 11 through the brake gear 16 transfers rotation to the gear to the clutch 12.
The take-up spool clutch device is very simple. Between the gears 12 and a fork 14 in the sleeve 13 there is a strong helical spring. On each side of the spring to increase
Figure: 85. I transport the device mechanism: a - general view shutter; 6 - brake gear and friction of the take-up spool / - the place of installation of the technological screw; 2, 3, 4, 11, 12 and 16 - gears; 5 - disc of excerpts; 6 - winding crown; 7 - bushing; 8 - slot;
nine - transporting drum; ten - on control of the action of the film rewind button; 13 - sleeve; 14 - fork;
15 - screw installation direction
154 friction washer, one brass and one fiber washer. Brass washers are seated against the spring. In order to disassemble the clutch, you need to unscrew one screw from the arrow side 15, which plug 14 fixed on the pinion axle 12. To remove the gear 12, you need to remove the shutter from the camera body.
The clutch assembly is carried out in the following order. First into the sleeve 13 insert gear 12. Then in the direction of the arrow 15 on the pinion axle 12 sequentially put on fiber and brass washers, a clutch spring, brass and fiber washers, and then a fork 14. Inside the plug 14 arrow side 15 put one or two fiber washers and cover them with an overlay with a rectangular hole. Before tightening the entire clutch with a screw, you need to manually squeeze the clutch spring until the lining with its hole is put on the square of the gear axis 12, and then screw in the screw until it stops. After assembling the clutch, the longitudinal play of the gear 12 should not exceed 0.1-0.3 mm.
If the camera is loaded with two double-body cassettes, rewinding is not necessary. If the camera is loaded with one cassette and a take-up spool is installed instead of the other, then after exposure of the entire film it is necessary to rewind the film from the take-up spool back into the cassette.
To disconnect the transporting drum from the mechanisms. shutter when rewinding the film is a button located on the rear removable cover. When this button is pressed, its head presses on the rod inside the transport drum.
In fig. 85, a arrow ten shows the direction in which the film rewind button operates. If you press ne the rod of the transporting drum in the direction of this arrow, then the crossbar on the opposite side of the rod will come out of the slot 8 in the transport drum and disconnect it from the drive gears.
Verification of the rotation of the machine. In cases when the film breaks in the camera, or there is no confidence in the serviceability of the transport mechanism, recommended check its nodes in a specific sequence. First, check if the film rewind head and rollers on the shutter screen and on the removable rear cover rotate easily enough. It is then determined whether sufficient force is being generated on the take-up spool clutch fork and, finally, whether the gears in the transport mechanism are torn off.
In the latter case, the check is carried out as follows, Slowing down the teeth of the transport drum with the thumb of the left hand, simulate the tension of the film, and with the other hand
155 ... turn the crown. If the teeth crackle is heard when the crown is turned or the transport drum stops, it means that the gears are not in order.
Table 15 Conveyor malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Film does not stretch 1 Loose support bush screw Screw up before stop is transporting screw through hole in drum, drum shutter screen (in on does not rotate arrow board eleven, Figure 83) 2 Gear 3 disengages from In most cases gears 4 ( ri 85, a), transporting malfunction succeeds eliminate by turning the neck drum stubble 3 ( fig. 85, a) to the reverse does not rotate side. In order to re-return the gear 3, you need to unscrew the screw that
held six thorns, and unfold the exposure disc available on with a shear towards the gear, as shown in Fig. 86.6
The film breaks Loose clutch screw Screw up all the way receptionist coils, and clutch screw Tightening fork clutch 14 screw (in the direction of the arrow 15, {rice 85.6) does not roll film rice 85.6), must be observed osto erysipelas, as it can be easily ripped off Freak spring weakened Disassemble the clutch, from take-up spool setting draw and stretch the springs well
Moved the body behind Loosen the crepe screws tvra, gear 16 races clung to the release the bolt and install the bolt gear 12 so that the gears 12 and 16 were (Figure 85.6), the clutch fork does on the same level (as can be seen not rotate in Fig. 85.6), setting the correct
engagement, tighten the screws as far as The friction clutch crumbled Photo app owners possible.In order to remove the take-up reel ratov, finding that broken end fork friction clutch screws from the axle of the clutch goes on without much effort, gear, you need a sharp trying to instrument cut through tighten the screw inside the plug there is a slot on it and unscrew it with a clutch 14 thin screwdriver.The procedure for (Figure 85, b) in the result disassembling and assembling the what screw breaks clutch is indicated on page 155
156 Clockwork and trigger mechanisms W o rm mecha n e (fig. 86, a) consists of a clockwork head 6, which is attached to the hub with three screws nine. Hub
Fig 86 Arrangement of winding and trigger mechanisms a - side view, 6 - view from above, in - bottom view one. 2, 3.5, 14, 24.26 and 44 - gears 4 - shutter body, 6 - crown, 7 - locking lever, 8 - pin, 9 - hub, ten- shutter speed disc, eleven and twenty - springs, 12 - coal- Dick, 13 - limiting ledge, 15 and 16 - fingers, 17, 19 and 40 - screws, 18, 21, 38 and 41 - levers, 22 - split sleeve, 23 - flange, 25 ~ curly washer, 27 - holes lod restraining screw, 28 - axis, 29 - check, thirty - eccentric axis, 31 - pin, 32 - co- <5 stitch, 33, 34 and 36 - protrusions on the levers, 35 - stop rivet, 37 - slit, 39— pin; 4 one - flat spring, 43 - nut, 45 - brake lug, 46— spring washer
has a long split sleeve, which is the axis of the winding and escapement mechanism. Lower end 22 this sleeve is connected
157 with drain flange 23, which has a leading finger 16. When the crown is turned, the hub also rotates nine, which in turn rotates the release flange 23. Leading finger 16 grabs a finger 15 on the clockwork gear 14. Rotation of the winding gear through the idler gear 5 transmitted to a two-stage gear 3, which is connected by the upper cylindrical teeth to the gear 5, and the lower bevel teeth to the bevel gear 2. Bevel gear rotation 2 transferred to the top roller of the curtain shutter. Rotating, the upper roller winds the upper curtain around itself and thus starts the shutter.
When you press the shutter button with the release button, the release axis together with the flange 23 goes down and the leading finger 16 frees a finger 15 on the clockwork gear 14. After the winding gear is released, under the action of the spring roller, the curtains begin to unwind, and the shutter is triggered. At the same time, the upper curtain unwinds from the upper roller and rotates it. The rotating roller transfers rotation to the bevel gear 2, which, through the gear system, returns the winding gear 14 to the starting position. The shutter curtains will unfold until the stop 13 the winding gear will never reach the tide present on the bolt body. Emphasis 13 limits the extreme released position of the shutter. The extreme wound position of the shutter limits the lever 7. Turning the crown rotates the shutter speed dial ten to which the bent end is pressed all the time 36 limiter r foot lever 7 (Fig. 86.6). When the cutout 37, available on the shutter speed dial, will pass by the limit lever 7, its bent end 36 enters the shutter dial notch and stops the crown from rotating. The limiting lever 7 only restricts the winding of the shutter, but does not hold it in the wound position. The dog is for this. 32, holding the shutter in the extreme closed / driven position. While the shutter is not fully wound, a figured washer keeps it from reverse rotation 25, fixed on a gear 24.
The action of the thermal device is shown in Fig. 86, in. On the gear 24 reinforced figured washer 25. The brake lug of this washer is bent down and abuts against the valve body 4. Another ledge 45 bent up and located between the teeth of the gears 24 and 44. Figure washer 25 pressed by a spring washer
46 to the gear 24. When the shutter is wound, this gear rotates and leads a shaped washer 25. Ledge 45 curly washer comes out of the gears and does not interfere with their rotation.
If the bolt is not fully wound and the crown is released, the curtains will begin to spin in the opposite direction under the action of the spring roller. But this movement will be immediately terminated by the end 45 curly washer, which will enter between the teeth of the gears 24 and 44 and jam them.
158 Rows with winding and trigger mechanisms on the bolt body with a screw 17 one more device has been reinforced for disengaging the limiting lever 7. This device consists of three levers 18, 21 and 38, reinforced on one common axis. Lever arm 21 serves to deactivate the limit lever, lever eighteen - to coordinate the action of the trigger with the action of the lever 21. About the lever 38 stated below, in the description of excerpt V.
When the trigger pin is pressed, the flange is lowered 23 and presses the end of the lever eighteen. Together with him on the axis 17 all three levers are rotated. The end 34 lever eighteen clicks on koyets 33 limit lever 7, and its opposite end 36 you're out of engagement with the cutout 37 in the excerpts disc. Having familiarized ourselves with all the units of the clockwork and dial mechanisms, we will see that the interaction of their parts will look as follows: when the crown is turned, the hub also rotates nine, knife end of the pin 8 rotates the shutter speed dial at the same time. The rotation of this disc is transmitted through the gears of the transport mechanism to the gear 24, which prevents the retraction of the winding mechanism during the shutter winding period. In the wound position, the upper curtain is twisted onto the upper roller of the shutter and, under the action of a spring roller, it tends to return to its original position (unwind), the leading finger keeps it from unwinding 16, flange-mounted 23. The flange is integral with the trigger shaft. When pressing the release axle, the lead finger 16 frees a finger 15, and the shutter is released. Simultaneously with the shutter release, the limiting lever 7 is turned off, and the winding mechanism is being prepared for the next shutter factory.
Table 16
Faults of winding and trigger mechanisms
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
The crown for Broken knife-like Remove crown the body rotates, and the end of the pin 8 ( fig. shutter, drill from a hundred the creature will not start 86, o) the crown crown of its bottom part of the layer worn pin, fixed twist and rivet tight new pin
159 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Clockwork Index Restrictive fish dexterity of the shutter the chag does not delay the shutter ranges from B to 1/2 sec and not speed dial and the shutter rewires translation last for others you- support Restrictive ry chag can refuse for several reasons:
a) when installing top Install spring 11 her lids came off (fig. 86, a) on emphasis 12 spring 11 (rns, 86, a)
b) the stop screw is loose 12 Reinstall the stop and the emphasis turned in and fasten it with the screw side;
c) restrictive market Insert a screwdriver between Chag rubs on its bolt body and axis edges 35 ( fig. 86.6) strong lever and the lever from the pull back the stop end body
d) rounded neckline 37 Bend the stop end (fig. 86.6) on disk 36 shutter speed limiting lever towards the disk you holders (fig. 86.6)
in) restrictive ry Remove exposure ring 3 chag 7 with its stubborn rice. 81 and cut it down at the end 36 ( fig. 86, b) the place where it touches touches the ring you of the restraining lever of the holders 3 ( fig. 81)
After the shutter is released Adjusted incorrectly Rotating the eccentric 19 the crown does not start, but after the switch-off torque is set (fig. 86, a), can we name repeated (deeper) niya restrictive nat the moment of jumping off lever limit lever with pressing the release button notch on the shutter speed dial. When ki starts spinning in relation to the moment of smooth
pressing of the trigger buttons restrictive lever 7 should jump off temporarily from the excerpt disk ten one before, or several than will happen shutter release
160 Exposure mechanism IN Before you get acquainted with the operation of the shutter speed control mechanism, you need to know the structure of the shutter speed mechanism B, since this mechanism operates separately from the rest of the shutter speed mechanism and its parts participate in the operation of the shutter speed mechanism when set to B.
The main details of the mechanism are the shutter lever 7 (Fig. 87) and the protrusion interacting with it 6 shutter rings, The illustration shows the details behind shutter driven, installed shutter speed B. For clarity, the crown is removed and the protrusion 6 the shutter speed ring is in the extreme left position. Exposure disc 5 and come on 2 are also in the extreme winding position and held by the dog 4. If you press the trigger 3, then the trigger flange will lower and all three levers located on the screw 8,
start to turn. In this case, the shutter lever 7 block the path of the ledge 6 shutter rings. With further pressure on the release axle 3 the Figure: 87. Exposure mechanism lower shutter curtain will open, and the upper "IN": shutter curtain will be held by the lever 7, and one - limiting lever, 2 - hub; 3 - release axle; the shutter will be open until they start 4 - dog, 5 - disk excerpts; 5 - ledge; 7 - exposure lever; 8 - screw release the release axle. In this case, the shutter lever 7 will begin to return to its original position and release the tab 6 the shutter speed ring, then the top shutter curtain will drop down and the shutter will close.
The reliable operation of shutter speed B depends on correct adjustment of the winding and trigger mechanisms. Therefore, most of the malfunctions given in table. 17 are reduced to adjusting these mechanisms.
Table 17 Exposure mechanism malfunctions B
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Shutter B running 1. Increased return In order to reduce like '/ 2 sec Crown Reverse Stitching Reverse Crown. As a result of the crown, it is necessary to adjust the bolt head to polish the pawl 31 ( fig.
11 Zak. 680 161 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
barely the plant moves to 86.6), which fixes the reverse side and the shutter in the extreme start 7 (fig. 87) not in the position Pawl 31 rolls a ledge 6 fixed on the eccentric axis ke thirty For the eccentric axis expand in the right side, shoot check 29 and a dog 31. Rotating the eccentric, finish * are carried provisions when doggy fixes plant head just at the moment of full plant for creation.
2 The spring is loose and Reinforce lever spring 7 lever 7 (fig. 87), not (fig. 87), bending it to captures the protrusion 6 and nets adjacent to the body - does not delay the second su of the shutter
curtain
3 Lever 7 (Fig. 87) Unscrew the screw 8 ( fig. 87) rubbing on the axle and mustache and removing all three springs from the axle renders the chaga.
movement levers, move it the plane needs to be sanded the bones with which the levers touch each other and with the valve body. After adjustment, the levers must be lubricated.
When work shutter 1 Due to pollution The same as in the pre- at shutter speed In curtain and corrosion, lever 7 remains open in the previous case (rns 87) disengages after vacation the shutter button is not
with a ledge b and will not let go skates the second curtain
2 Loose or nipple Replace the silt chill from the cutout in the body to strengthen the end of the spring 14, spring 14 ( Figure 86, a) acting between the building catfish shutter and screw 17 (Fig. 86, a)
Exposure switching mechanisms Deceleration mechanisms
The shutter speeds in the curtain shutter are set by moving the crown. This changes the width of the gap between the shutters. as well as the speed of the curtains. When the shutter is wound up, both curtains first go up when closed.
the new curtain, passing the frame window, stops, and the upper
162 continues its movement independently, as a result of which a gap is formed between the curtains. The greater the distance the upper curtain travels after the lower one has stopped, the wider the gap between the curtains will be. When the shutter is released, both shutters begin to move simultaneously, and the shutter speed will depend on the width of the gap between the shutters.
The shutter speeds can be rearranged both when the shutter is turned on and when the shutter is released.If the index on the shutter crown is set to the shutter speed one/ 1250 sec, then at the factory for the work, after the lower curtain stops, the upper curtain will move away from the lower one by only 2-2.5 mm, and the shutter speed will be the fastest.
When setting the crown to a shutter speed of 1/500 sec the lower curtain will stop at the same place, and the upper one will move further, the gap between the curtains will approximately double and the shutter speed will increase accordingly. As the crown is moved to 1/250 and 1/125 sec the gap between the shutters will increase accordingly, since the lower shutter will stop at the same place, and the upper one will wind on the upper drum and increase the width of the slot.
At shutter speeds from 1/1250 to 1/125 sec when the shutter is released, the curtains are activated when the deceleration mechanisms are disabled. The value of these exposures is determined only by the width of the gap between the curtains. When turning the crown from 1/125 to 1/50 sec the width of the slit increases insignificantly, but deceleration mechanisms come into operation, which provide the necessary lengthening of the holding time.
Exposures 1/50, 1/25, 1/10, 1/5 s work with the included deceleration mechanisms, but with different slot widths and with different deceleration times.
The deceleration mechanism, located on the inner side of the bolt body, works with the included anchor fork, and the deceleration mechanism, located on the outer side of the bolt body, at these shutter speeds works idle with the anchor fork from the escape gear As the crown is moved from 1/50 to 1/5 sec the width of the slot and the operating time of the deceleration mechanisms increase. When translating the plant
shutter speed] / 5 sec shutter speed 1/2 sec the anchor fork of the external deceleration and holding mechanism is activated 1/2 sec and B are triggered when two deceleration mechanisms are simultaneously activated. If, with the shutter turned on, the crown is moved back from shutter speed B to shutter speed 1/1250 sec, then the lower curtain, held by the lock lever, will still remain in place, while the upper curtain will begin to rotate from the upper roller and approach the lower curtain, reducing the working gap. Therefore, the slot width depends only on the installation of the top
eleven* 163 her curtains. The lower curtain travels the same distance at any shutter speed.
The shut-off mechanism (Fig. 88) operates as follows. Rotation of the crown through the
Fig. 88 Design of the shutter speed mechanism * a - internal deceleration mechanism, b - external deceleration mechanism one - insert, 2.6, 12, 22 and 28 - eccentric adjusting screws, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14 - she "stubble, 8 - pin, ten - roller of the upper curtain, eleven - check, 13 - top curtain, 15 and 21 ~ discs with cams, 16 - lever of switching of mechanisms of retardation, 17, 18 and 19 steps, twenty - a three-step lever lock, 23 - a cam, 24 - ledge, 25 - base: 26 - anchor rod, 27 - escape wheel, 29 - spring
The stem of the winding gears is transferred to the gear nine, which is connected with the gear 7 of the upper roller ten. On this you- The upper shutter curtain is attached to the face. If you install the holder 1/1250 sec and start the shutter, the upper curtain is partially wound around the roller and a minimum gap is formed between its lower edge and the upper edge of the lower curtain. If the plant-
164 Pull the head up and rotate it in the direction of increasing shutter speeds, then the upper curtain will continue to wind on the roller and increase the working gap. Simultaneously with the roller ten gear 5 will also start to rotate, on the reverse side of which a cam mechanism is fixed, which controls the mechanisms for slowing down.
When moving the crown in the zone between exposures one/ 1250 and up '/ 125 sec no switching occurs in the retarding mechanism. Only the width of the slit changes. When turning the crown from '/ 125 to 1 / 50sec, the deceleration mechanism engages with the intermediate gear 4 and when the shutter is triggered through gear 5, it slows down the unwinding of the shutters from the roller ten Gear 5 made in such a way that part of its teeth (in a sector equal to 80 °) is cut off by 2 / h in width.
When the shutter is deflated, the deceleration mechanisms are not meshed with the gear teeth 5, since the sector with sheared teeth is located opposite the gear 4. When the shutter is wound, the sector with the sheared teeth turns in the opposite direction, and the teeth of the full profile of the gear 5 meshing with her gears 4. The longer the shutter speed, the more teeth of the complete gear profile 5 meshes with gear 4 and the longer is the braking time.
At shutter speeds one/ 50 and one/ 25 sec the deceleration mechanism is connected to the gear 5 through the intermediate gear 4. Withstand kah '/ 10 and 1/5 sec the second intermediate sprocket is activated 3 and the deceleration mechanism turns out to be associated with the gears 5 through two intermediate gears 3 and 4. By entering into the engagement of the second intermediate gear wheel, the degree of braking of the deceleration mechanisms at these holding times increases slightly. When the crown is moved from a shutter speed of 1/5 sec on ! / 2 sec anchor fork 26 engages with anchor stake catfish 27, and excerpts 1/2 sec and B are processed by the shutter while simultaneously turning on both deceleration mechanisms. Deceleration mechanisms are switched by a lever 16 and are fixed with a lever twenty.
The deceleration mechanisms are switched as follows ^ When the crown is shifted from one shutter speed to another, the cam mechanism, consisting of two discs, rotates 15 and 21 with cams. Disk 15 sets the lever 16 one of the three steps of the three-stage lever twenty. When installing the lever 16 up a step 19 both deceleration mechanisms are off and do not participate in the operation of the shutter At this stage, the shutter speed is from '/ 1250 to' / 125 sec When installing the lever 16
to the next step eighteen the internal deceleration mechanism is included in the work. In this braking mode, the shutter speed is! / 50 and 1/25 sec When installing the lever 16 to the last step 17 deceleration mechanisms included
165 through two intermediate gears. In this braking mode
excerpts work 1/10 and one/ 5 sec. At shutter speeds 1/2 sec and B setting the lever 16 does not change, and cam 23 disk 21 rests against the ledge 24 grounds 25 on the braking mechanism and anchor fork 26 meshes with escape wheel 27.
Moving the crown from one shutter speed to another, it is pulled up until it stops. Together with the head, the pin rises 8, fixed on the axis of the crown. The trunnion enters the slot of the lever, which is fixed to the valve body with a nut, the free end of this lever presses the three-stage lever in the direction of the arrow twenty and brings it down. When the shutter speed is stopped, the cam disc rotates with the crown pulled out. 15, which sets the lever 16 opposite
one of the lever steps twenty. At the moment of lowering the crown, the lever rises up and fixes the lever 16 on the corresponding step.
The shutter speed switching mechanism has adjusting screws that change the depth of engagement between the gears or set the exact position of the cam discs.These screws are set in the desired position during the factory assembly, and during operation they do not need additional adjustment. The exception is when these screws are self-loosening or a new retarding mechanism needs to be installed.
The main points of adjustment are listed below and what they do.
1. Eccentric screw 22 changes the position of the disc 21. If on exposure one/ 2 sec anchor fork 26 does not turn on, it is necessary to start the shutter, release the central screw of the disc by half a turn 21 and rotating the eccentric 22, set cam 23 opposite cam 24. After adjustment, tighten the center screw of the disc firmly. 21.
2. Eccentric 12 establishes the correct mesh between the gear of the internal deceleration mechanism and the idler gear 4.
3. Eccentric 6 sets the correct cam disc position 15 with respect to the lever 16. Before you start to rotate the eccentric 6, loosen the locking screw located on the same side of the gear 5.
4. Eccentric 28 establishes the correct mesh between the gears of the internal retardation mechanism and the idler gear 3 at shutter speed '/ 50 and' / 25 sec.
5. Eccentric 2 regulates the moral engagement between the gear of the internal retardation mechanism and the intermediate gear 3.
In addition, the depth of engagement between the anchor forks and the escape wheels in retarding mechanisms can be varied.
166 Anchor forks of both deceleration mechanisms are installed on split plates, bending which, bring the anchor forks closer or further away from the anchor wheels, thereby changing the braking torque of the deceleration mechanisms.
Table 18 Malfunctions mechanism switching excerpts
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Crown ne 1. Unscrewed nut Find in the shutter mechanism by restored for any 43 ( fig. 86, c) unscrewing shutter speed, and the shutter nut and install it in place operates at one shutter speed
2. The emphasis broke, which Unscrew the gank, remove- the broken stop is underneath and replace chagom 42 on the same axis with it on the new nut 43 ( fig. 86, c) 3, The shock absorber broke Craft and riveted. tional spring on to the lever a new shock absorber lever 42 ( fig. 86, c), a spring acting in the direction
lazy arrows twenty ( fig. 88, (5)
Exposure 1/2 sec sometimes Spring broke 41 Make and install " works how are you (fig, 86, c), the main thing is to replace the new spring hold B whose value is 41, tightly tightening it to the side while working give a ledge 6 ( rice, 87) volume 40 ( rice, 86, c)
shutter speed 1/2 and 1/5 sec.
At shutter speeds from B to The most characteristic In most cases: 1/50 sec the curtains for the TV malfunction inside it is enough to give one cap work sluggishly. its mechanism for retarding fresh lubrication on the axle, When factory shutter caused by for gears 3 and all the mechanism a crackling sound is heard dirty and thick we are start work gears. You greasing ok but lubricated support from 1/125 to this gear is limited 1/1250 sec work normally not possible, since the defect is may repeat itself. Do not rinse in necessary all gears gasoline and then- lightly grease
Blinds locking and unlocking mechanism
This mechanism (Fig. 89, a) must perform the following tr 'functions:
1) after the shutter is released, close the curtains tightly to keep them in this state during the shutter plant; 2) after stopping the lower curtain, open and release upper curtain to form a working gap;
167 3) at the moment of permutation of the shutter speed, hold it cocked the nominal position of the lower curtain. This device operates as follows. At the moment the shutter is released, both curtains begin to move at the same time. After the lower curtain has dropped down to the stop and opened the shutter, the upper curtain descends after it.At the end of its movement, the upper curtain meets the lower one, and the locks on the lower curtain tightly lock both curtains,
Fig. 89. The device of the key spring and circuit breakers. o - shutter locking device, 1-lock b - left-hand circuit breaker device and 8- key holes spring, 2 and 9 - pins. 3 top curtain; 4 - top curtain, 5 - key pins, 6 - lock lever arm, 7 - eccentric screw ten - screws eleven - lower curtain, 12 - left limiting ledge, 13 - limiter, 14- shutter body, 15 - release lever, 16 - the axis of the upper curtain drum, 17 - technological screw
At the moment the shutter is wound, the upper curtain leads the lower curtain, which has closed with it, until it closes the frame window. At the moment when the lower curtain rises up to the stop, the breakers open the locks and release the upper curtain to form a gap. The lower curtain remains in the retracted position and is held by a lock lever that is connected to the trigger.
When the release button is smoothly pressed, at first the system of levers moves the lock lever to the side and releases the lower curtain, which will not go down, as it is held on those seeds. Then the shutter is triggered, and both curtains simultaneously go down and close again at the end of their stroke.
The locking device (Fig. 89, a) consists of a locking spring one, fixed on the lower curtain with two screws ten. Since the locking spring 1 is fixed with screws in the middle, its free ends are slightly springy. At each end of the lock bar
168 pins installed 2 and nine. When the upper curtain approaches the lower one, it easily removes these pins, and they fall into the key holes 3 and 8, available on the top curtain, and both curtains close tightly.
The shutters are disconnected by means of breakers installed on both sides of the shutter. The breaker device is almost the same. In fig. 89.6 shows the device of the left disconnect switch It consists of an opening lever 15 and limit body 13. When the closed shutters approach the disconnector, the left end of the key spring 1 hits the disconnecting lever 15 and is pulled up. At this moment, the pin at the end of the lock spring one, comes out of the keyhole of the upper curtain and releases it. Limiter 13 limits the travel of the lower curtain by holding it by the ledge 12. Lock ry chag 6 holds the lower curtain by the locking pins 5 in the closed position. It is connected to the shutter release device via a system of levers. When the release button is pressed, the lock lever is first moved to the side b, and when he comes out from behind the greasy pins 5 pressing it further releases the shutter.
Table 19
Malfunction of the mechanism for locking and opening the shutters
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Mechanisms shutter Violated Job To achieve a smoother work, and the curtains levers, binding, in which the key remain in instituted lock lever arm 6 the lever will release the lower position {Figure 89, a) from the shutter down to the moment it is triggered by the mechanism. In the throat shutter, need to As a result, the shutter is slightly bend end drops earlier than the flange is released by the lever resting on the lever, towards the lower curtain this flange The same malfunction can be arranged thread by rotating the eccentric screw rick 7 (fig 89, a) However adjusting this screw, you need to remember that it moves the key lever arm 6 both horizontally and vertically, which can cause other defects
When rearranging for- one Disconnect switches To provide more water heads with long curtains earlier, late opening of the shutter speed by short locking pins 5 rock, you need to slightly bend the cue opens the bottom - they will before keyhole breaker lever arm 15 new shutter curtain lever 6 ( fig. 89, a) (Figure 89.6) on the left and right breakers
169 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
2 Lock lever 6 Set shutter speed B, bent up and open the shutter and fits higher keyhole bend key lever in pins 5 (Fig. 89, a) towards the curtains
3. Lock lever 6 Rotating adjusting shifted to the right and not behind the eccentric screw 7, get enough locks correctly installed for pins 5 ( fig. 89, a) leverage 6 carry latching pins 5 (fig. 89, a)
4 Due to corro Clean and grease the fish zii or contamination e-chaga, transmitting force from the lever arm 6 release flange for (Figure 89, a) rubbing on the oil lever in ( fig. 89, a) eccentric axis 5 and not returns to exodus new position
The blinds start in Deformation springs Fix deforming open state ends curly bath ends without removing springs one ( rice 89, a), lock springs 1 as a result of which the pin (Fig. 89, a) is not recommended in the key you 2 and nine do not fit In order to remove and 8 holes 3 curly spring, you need unscrew the two screws ten. The condes of these screws are military parties there are numbered. In such cases, a thin drill is teas are recommended first used to remove the correct shape forge the ends of these screws, from the bottom spring 1 curtains, it is easy to give it
When the shutter is factory Restrictive you Bend up the frame opening curtain stupas 12 reaching the stoppers 13 ( rice 89, a) leverand armI correspond 15 the curtain is felt before earlier than the one that opens the hole additional effort and crackling is heard 15 disconnect the chag of the right breaker. curtains (Fig, 89, b) After adjusting the blur need to remove again play the key l lever 6 with a screw
eccentric 7 ( fig. 89)
Shutter assembly and spring roller
The curtain shutter of the Kiev-4 camera is equipped with metal shutters of the Jalousie type. The use of metal shutters significantly increases the reliability of the shutter. Each curtain-
170 ka is assembled from separate segments and possesses sufficient elasticity.
The upper curtain is fixed on the upper roller and is connected by a system of gears with the bolt crown. It is not recommended to separate the roller of the upper curtain and remove it from the shutter. how the correct installation of the upper curtain roller is associated with great difficulties.
Fig. 90 Curtain assembly arrangement a- Curtain assembly with spring roller, b — winding axis lock 1, 10 and 11 - rollers, 2 - winding axis, 3 and 8 - ribbons, 4 - lower curtain; B and 7 —ne straps of the lower curtain, 6 - top curtain, nine - cap, 12 - leather pad 13 - figured screw, 14 - check, 15 - spring
The curtain shutter device allows you to repair the curtains, replace the ribbons and the spring roller and make many other corrections without disengaging the upper curtain roller from the mechanism. - shutter lows. When repairing the curtain assembly, it is enough to remove the spring roller 11 (Fig. 90, a) with the lower curtain attached to it. 4. In order to remove the spring roller from the case by the hand, you need to release its winding shaft.
In fig. 90.6 winding axis visible 2, which is held split check 14. The check is fixed with a curly screw 13, on which the spring is fixed 15 mechanism of exposure. To release the winding axis, you need to unscrew the screw by one or two turns 13 and move the check 14. When retracted, the springs of the roller 11 are unscrewed. First, the left end of the axis is removed from the hole in the valve body 2, and then take out the whole spring roller eleven. In fig. 90 a the shutter assembly is shown. On axis 2 three rollers are installed. On the middle roller eleven the lower curtain is fixed. On rollers 1 and 10 the ribbons are fixed 3 and 8 top curtain 6. Lower curtain 4 connects with ribbons 3 and 8 by the friction created between the jumpers 5 and 7 and ribbons.
171 On axis 2 inside the rollers, three independent springs are fixed. The end of the middle weak spring is connected to the roller eleven, which leads the lower curtain. The ends of the side stronger springs are connected to the rollers 1 and ten.
The upper curtain is triggered by two springs located in the spring rollers one and ten, The force of these springs is sufficient to pull the straps 3 and 8 under jumpers 5 and 7. The lower curtain is triggered by one spring located inside the roller eleven. The lower curtain is lifted up by the force of the upper curtain that has closed with it, and it is lowered down only simultaneously with the upper curtain.
If, when the shutter is turned on, the upper curtain, and with it the ribbons do not move, then the forces of the spring roller eleven not enough to slide the lower curtain off the fixed straps. The upper curtain can continue to move even after the lower curtain has moved down to the stop and stopped.
When reassembling the camera, the spring roller lower curtain can be easily fitted back into the shutter body. Before assembly, it is necessary on the ends of the axle 2 put on the adjusting washers, which adjust the longitudinal play of the spring roller. If the gear system of the winding, triggering and regulating shutter speed mechanisms is in order and pre-cleaned and lubricated, then after assembly the winding axle 2 should be turned on 6-7 revolutions (with the bolt deflated).
Replacing your louse In most cases, only one of the straps breaks. Before replacing a broken strap, you must find and eliminate the cause. which caused its premature wear. The most common cause of wear is poorly machined bridges. 5 or 7, which need to be well deburred and polished. Sometimes the straps are frayed with incorrectly bent spring locks. To replace, for example, a ribbon 8, it is necessary to remove the lower curtain with a spring roller from the valve body. Then remove the cap nine, which is reinforced with one countersunk screw, remove the loop made at the end of the strap from the split roller 8, and cut off the torn off part of the tape from the top curtain. To make a new tape, take a piece of tape 120 mm and the ends of this braid are greased for 3-5 mm shellac glue so that they do not fray during installation. At one end of the ribbon, a loop is made according to the pattern of the loop removed from the roller
ten, Then this loop is put on the split roller. ten and secure it with a cap nine. Then the loose end of the ribbon 8 they are pulled under the jumper 7 and inserted into the hole of the upper curtain. Before you sew the tape to the top curtain, you need to equalize the length of the trimmed tape with the correct tape. In cases (very rare), when both straps broke off, remember that the length of the strap (excluding the ends bent for hemming) should be 110 mm.
172 Table 20 Curtain assembly malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
With smooth pressure Insufficient friction To be taken away release button down between jumpers 5 to read the friction between the new curtain opens and 7 (Fig. 90) and the bridges and ribbons, earlier than triggered corresponding ribbons. just a screwdriver after shutter mechanisms As a result, as soon as the lock press on each of the jumpers and lever bend them slightly in the direction will release the bottom INTO of the corresponding tape rku, she slides off those seeds cam
Shutter curtains shit Unstuck and pereko Glue suede do not fight until the end suede pro gasket shellac masonry on roller 11 glue to spring wa + face (fig. 90)
At shutter speed 1/125 sec When triggered for curtains warp do the left limit and at the factory the shutter bottom protrusion remains open curtains jumps off tide on the body. Malfunction is Fold up left typical limiting ledge, camera only so that when the shutter is tov "Kiev-2" and "Kiev-3", in which released, it rested against the tide there is no synchro-device on the camera body
Synchro device
In fig. 91 shows the synchro device of the Kiev-4 camera (the roller of the lower curtain is removed for clarity). Synchro device
Figure: 91. Synchronous device: one - light-protective screen; 2 - isolated contact; 3 - movable contact; 4 - lever; 5 - guide;
6 - bottom curtain
consists of a movable arm 4 and two contact plates with silver contacts 2 and 3. Bottom contact plate
173 with contact 2 isolated from the body of the gate and soldered to it a synchro wire leading to the plug socket. When the shutter is triggered, the restricting protrusion presses the movable lever and closes the contacts. While the shutter is released, the synchro device contacts are closed. When working with flash lamps, it is necessary to set the shutter speed to 1/25 sec.
GENERAL VALVE REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS
When repairing the Kiev-4 camera, it is especially important to keep the workplace clean. When repairing a camera, remember that the shutter body is very fragile;
Figure: 92. Shutter position when detecting the location of the malfunction
this case is delicate and may break off. The most common shutter malfunction is clogging. When a grain of sand or a piece of film gets into any tooth of numerous gears, the shutter fails. General cleaning does not help in such cases, since when trying to start the shutter, a grain of sand is tightly wedged between the teeth of the gears. To eliminate this malfunction, it is necessary to find a jammed pair of gears, find a grain of sand on them and remove it.
174 The shutter of the Kiev-4 camera has horizontally located gears of the winding and trigger mechanisms and vertical gears of the shutter speed mechanism. First you need to determine in which gear group the jam occurred. To do this, take the shutter in your left hand and move both shutters up a little with the thumb of your left hand (Fig. 92) to turn off the lower spring roller and release all gears from tension. Holding the bolt in your left hand with the spring roller turned off, swing the gears with your right hand using a thin screwdriver. By turning the gear 3, check if the deceleration mechanisms are rotating. If they rotate, then the jam must be looked for elsewhere. Then, the gear wheel 1 of the winding mechanism is shifted and it is monitored where this movement is transmitted. On a working shutter, the smallest movement of gear 1 is transmitted to the gear 2. Shaking the gear one, determine which of the gears is motionless. It is carefully examined and a foreign body is found.
Self-timer
The self-timer of the Kiav-4 camera is attached to the camera body separately from the shutter. It is connected to the shutter trigger by a lever 2 ( fig. 93, a). When pressing the release axis 6 flange 5 is lowered and the shutter is triggered Lever 2, connected to the self-timer, acts in the same direction as the trigger axis 6. Self-timer when triggered, presses the lever 2 in the direction of arrow 1. Turning around the screw-axis 3, the opposite end of the lever lowers the flange 5, acting in the direction of the arrow 4. Lever arm 2 fixed on the bolt body 3 with left-hand thread.
The self-timer deceleration mechanism is not different from the self-timer discussed earlier. In order to remove the self-timer from the camera body, you need to peel off the skin on the front side of the body, as can be seen in Fig. 93, b, and unscrew the two screws nine and 11, stop screw ten, stop screw 15 and screw 13, with which the winding lever is fixed 14 self-timer,
The self-timer is fixed to the camera body with two screws; external 21 from the bottom side of the valve body and internal 16 (fig. 94). The self-timer is removed in cases of its replacement or breakage of the gears and mainspring. The self-timer is set in the following order: first, it is installed in the camera body and fixed with screws, then a figured lever is installed on the front side of the shutter, which stops the auto release by moving the button to the right side (against the arrow engraved on the button head). The self-timer is closed with a flap, fastened with screws, and the skin is glued with shellac glue.
175 Figure: 93. Self-timer device: a - self-timer lever. 6 - self-timer shields; в - self-timer switch; r - ratchet wheel and pawls one and 4 - direction of action of the lever; 2 - lever, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15 and 21 - screws; 5 - flange of the trigger axle; 6 - release axle; 8 - launcher button, 12 - shield, 14 - winding lever; 16- leather, 17 and eighteen - screws for fastening the rangefinder compensator; 19 - axis, twenty - switch, 22 - pin; 53 - stubborn rivet; 24 - dogs, 25 - dog's tooth; 26 - spring; 27 - ratchet wheel; 28 - disk
176 Table 21 Self-timer problems
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
Self-timer triggered Lever arm 17 ( rice 94, a) Rotating adjusting the shutter remains self-timer not enough eccentric screw 18 (Fig, cocked pulls the lever 2 ( rice, 93) 94), can change in the direction of the arrow 1 angle turning lever 2 (Fig. 93, a).
Self-timer is not fixed 1. Switch twenty Remove the self-timer turns in the wound position and (Fig. 93, c) touches the core 12, put back on the camera and not the starts to rotate until the bend water lever 14 and then turns on the start button to operate the switch start button body twenty ( fig. 93, c). If the switch touches body, you need to round off file bow ry chaga or shave the body of the camera
2. Lever car rental File cam on 14 rests on the edge self-winding lever special screw ten on at the place where it grabs the pin 22 housing camera ( rice before it turns off 93, c), restoring this launcher button 8 the gap between the winding lever {fig. 93, b) and the screw
The self-timer does not work. 1 Spring has come off Correct the shape of the spring Auto winding lever on 26 from doggies 24 us and install it on descent after factory (fig. 93, d) a place at once returns in 2 Wear or curving Correct the tooth profile initial position tooth decay 25 doggies 24 25 doggies 24 ( fig. 93, d) (Fig. 93, d) and sharpen it
INSTALLING THE SHUTTER AND ASSEMBLING THE CAMERA
Before installing the shutter in the camera body, you need to start the self-timer and thereby pull the self-timer lever 17 ( fig. 94) to the extreme right position, and unscrew the screw on the shutter body that holds the axis of the upper roller. After that, the synchro wire must be pushed into the hole in the camera body towards the middle contact of the plug. When installing the shutter, no effort should be applied. If the shutter does not fit into place, you need to point the light shield with your index finger (from the side of the objective ring)
12 Zak. 680 177 the screen so that it fits over the worm-shaped frame of the objective ring. Before attaching the shutter with the screws, make sure the self-timer lever is close to the screw eighteen. If this the screw got under the self-timer lever, you need to press the release button and it will set itself in the correct position. When fixing screws, first fix the figured screw nine ( fig. 83), which precisely centers the shutter. The order in which the rest of the screws are tightened is not critical.
Fig 94 The device of the focusing mechanism: a - focusing mechanism, b - worm gear one - a rotating worm-gear ring, 2 - lever lock, 3 - fixed worm ring, 4 - worm gear, 5 and eleven - gears, 6 - lever, 7 - cam,
8 -pin, nine - toothed disc, ten - button, 12 and 14 - compensator frames, 13 - bulge barking cylindrical line, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23 and 26 - embedded, 17 - self-timer lever, twenty - lens lock, 22 - meter scale, 24 - worm-drive board, 25 - bayonet protrusions
In fig. 84 shows the shutter installed in the camera body. Before installing the screen, close the shutter curtains and lower the transport drum nine in the direction of the arrows drawn on it After removing the crown, install the top cover with the exposure meter. At this moment, care must be taken not to reset the spring 11 (Fig. 86.6) and not to move the stop 12. After installing the top cover and securing it with screws, proceed to install the shutter speed ring. Adjusting shims are installed between this ring and the top cover in such a quantity that there is a minimum gap between the ring and the crown. After installing the top cover and ring, install the crown and check the work of the assembled case. A dustproof string is glued into the gap between the top cover and the shutter body.
When installing the shutter and assembling the camera, you need to start and release the shutter all the time, thus controlling the assembly process.
178 Viewfinder-Rangefinder
The main advantage of the viewfinder-rangefinder of the Kiev camera is its large base (90 mm) and a solid block of prisms running along the entire base of the rangefinder. The large base of the rangefinder ensures high accuracy of aiming, and the monolithic block of prisms makes the rangefinder of the Kiev-4 camera very reliable. The rangefinder of the Kiev-4 camera does not go astray even with strong blows, if the blow did not lead to a breakdown of the prism unit.
The viewfinder-rangefinder is assembled directly on the camera body, which allows repairing the shutter mechanisms without disassembling the rangefinder. The optical part of the viewfinder is assembled in a separate unit (finder) and fixed to the camera body with two screws.
The rangefinder consists of three main parts: a monolithic block of prisms with an internal light-separating layer, an optical compensator with a continuously changing angle of refraction and a focusing mechanism with a worm gear. When the toothed disk rotates nine ( fig. 94) is simultaneously performed on the rangefinder and the lens is set to the position of maximum sharpness. On the same axis with the toothed disk there is a gear 11, which through the gear 5 transfers rotation to the rotating ring 1 of the worm lens barrel. Simultaneously with the rotation of the worm lens barrel, the worm gear pair rotates. On the axis of the worm gear 4 strengthening the lever 6 with pin 8, which rests on the figured cam 7, which ends the compensator lever.
On this lever reinforced frame 12 with movable lens 13 compensator. When aiming the rangefinder, the frame 12 with a movable lens moves relative to the frame 14 with a fixed compensator lens, which changes the angle of refraction of the compensator. If you unscrew the screw 15, then the frame 12 with movable lens 13 can move independently of the cam 7. Using this screw, set the rangefinder to "infinity".
Focusing mechanism
Lenses of cameras "Kiev" do not have a worm mount. The worm-gear frame, designed to bring the lenses into focus, is located directly on the camera body. Thanks to this worm-gear arrangement, the rangefinder can measure distance with or without a lens. The worm frame consists of a movable and a fixed ring. On a moving ring one worm gear available meter scale
22. The lenses are mounted in a movable ring and locked in it with a lock twenty. For ease of installation and removal of the lens
12* 179 the movable ring has a locking lever 2, with which the ring is fixed when set to "infinity".
The same figure shows the device of the locking lever. The rotating worm ring 1 is locked when set to "infinity" by the end of the locking lever 2. The opposite the end of the locking lever ends with a button ten and is located next to the toothed disc nine. When aiming the rangefinder, the toothed disc nine rotate with a finger and simultaneously press the button 10 of the locking lever, thereby providing a deflection of fixation.
Lens
Camera "Kiev-4" complete with lens "UPI- ter-8m ". To disassemble the lens for focusing, just unscrew the locking screw 8 ( fig. 95).
Figure: 95. Lens: one - front block frame, 2 - ring with aperture marks; 3 - ring diaphragm; 4 - an adjusting gasket; 5 - frame of the rear block; 5 - lens barrel; 7 - bayonet protrusions; 8, 9 and 12 - locking screws; ten - limiting
ring, eleven- diaph lead screw ragmas
Picking up shims 4, at first have established focus the lens, and then restore the correct position of the aperture ring 2. To do this, unscrew the three stoppers 12 around the diaphragm ring 2 and position it so that when the aperture is fully closed, the mark 22 located opposite the aperture index located on the bayonet mount 6.
CAMERA ADJUSTMENT
Cameras "Kiev" after factory assembly practically do not require either adjustment of the rangefinder or installation focus lens. Such a need may arise only after the camera has dropped or after replacing the worm gear.
180 Camera alignment consists of three consecutive independent operations: setting the focal length of the camera, setting the lens to focus, and adjusting the rangefinder.
The working distance of the chamber is 34.85 + 0.02 ml. By changing the number of washers under the screws 19, 21, 23 and 26 ( fig. 94.6), between the plate 24 and the camera body, set the correct working distance of the camera. The rangefinder of the camera is adjusted by two points: by "infinity" and by 1 m.
Set the rangefinder to "infinity" on the collimator> or on an object at a distance of 400-500 m. For this you need- first remove the shutter from the camera body (in this case, you can not unsolder the synchro wire), then set the worm gear to the “infinity” mark and unscrew the screw by 0.5-1 turn 15 ( fig. 94, a), move it until the contours of the observed object completely coincide.
After adjusting the rangefinder, you need to be very careful about securing the screw 15, since screwing it down, it is easy to knock down the achieved setting. Therefore, after the screw 15 tightened to failure, it is necessary to re-check the accuracy of the setting to "infinity". Then check the correctness of the rangefinder readings when aiming at a distance of 1 m. If the readings of the rangefinder do not converge with the pre-measured distance, it is necessary to move the entire compensator in the appropriate direction. To do this, remove the front flap, which is secured with screw 7 (Fig. 93.6), located under the leather lining '
16, and six decorative screws. After loosening the screws one turn 17 and eighteen ( fig. 93, e), you can move the compensator to the right or left.
If, when aiming the rangefinder at a pre-measured distance of 1 m ( from the back of the camera), it will show a distance greater than 1 m, then the compensator must be moved to the right (if - look at the camera from the front side). If the rangefinder readings are less than 1 m, then the compensator must be moved to the left. Having established the correct readings of the rangefinder at 1 and, again, refine its readings to "infinity".
Installation in k a r a v i l n about work about what about measures are associated with many difficulties. Therefore, in most cases, the lens is fitted directly to the camera. For this, the camera is charged with an illuminated (not developed) film - and, leaving the shutter open, is installed in the autocollimator.
By changing the thickness of the shims between the lens unit and the lens barrel, the maximum sharpness is achieved when the worm mount is set to “infinity”.
Due to the fact that Kiev cameras have a removable back cover, you can adjust the lenses using frosted glass installed on the inner guides of the screen. It should be reminded again that of the four guide strips available on the screen, only two are internal
(adjacent
181 to the frame window) serve to guide the film. The frosted glass should be narrower than the outer guides and should only rest on the inner guides. '
Suitable for interchangeable objects. Fitting interchangeable lenses to the camera is only possible after checking the rangefinder. Otherwise, even small errors, hardly noticeable when using the main lens, will entail large errors in the aiming accuracy when using long-focus lenses.
All interchangeable lenses are fitted in the same way as the main lens by changing the number of spacers between the lens unit and bayonet lens barrel. In order to unscrew the block of objective lenses from the mount in the interchangeable high-aperture lens "Jupiter-3", unscrew the locking screw on the bayonet mount. In interchangeable lenses "Jupiter-9", "Jupiter-11" and "Jupiter-12" lens blocks do not stop in any way and freely turn away. When disassembling the lens Jupiter-12 need to first unscrew the rear lens unit.
Photoexponometer
The camera "Kiev-4" is equipped with a perfect and reliable photoexponometer. However, like any other precision electrical measuring device, it does not allow strong shocks and shocks.
Repairing photoexposure meters requires special knowledge and skills, therefore, it is not recommended to repair photoexposure meters on your own, since one awkward movement can cause. lead him to final spoilage. Repairs not related to dismantling the galvanometer, such as replacing the photocell or changing
- no resistance, does not lead to the desired results, so - how their subsequent calibration requires special instruments and devices.
Photoexposure meters can only be repaired by borist mechanics who have experience in the repair of precision electrical measuring instruments. CHAPTER V
SLR CAMERAS
In recent years, the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant has produced a series of first-class SLR cameras based on the Zorky camera shutter. Thanks to the reliability of the shutter and the perfection of SLR viewfinders, these cameras have received a wide calling not only in our country, but also abroad. The Zenit-S camera was awarded a diploma at the International Exhibition, and the Mir lens received the highest award at the World Exhibition in Brussels. A very big advantage of SLR cameras is the ease of use of interchangeable lenses, when shooting with which a universal viewfinder is not required. The first reflex camera of this plant was the Zenit camera. In the next model - "Zenit-S" - a synchronizer was installed and the mechanism for lowering the mirror was changed.
The Zenit-3 camera is equipped with a trigger cocking of the shutter, and the Kristall, in addition to the listed advantages, has a hinged back cover.
When describing the structure of SLR cameras, the main attention is paid to the structure and operation of their SLR viewfinders. The device of the shutters is not repeated, since it is similar to the already known shutter of the Zorkiy camera.
1. CAMERA "ZENIT"
In fig. 96 shows the appearance of the camera "Zenith". The Zenit camera has the following technical characteristics.
1. A reflex camera with a flip-up optical ' system. The image under consideration is direct (not mirror-reversed).
2. The eyepiece has a five-fold magnification. 3. Field of view visible in the eyepiece (the size of the plane of the matte glass) 20X28 mm. 4. Curtain shutter with shutter speeds from 1/25 to 1/500 sec. and V. 5. The film feed is interlocked with the winding mechanism and frame counter.
183 6. The camera is equipped with a shutter lock from lifting the mirror. The camera is equipped with an Industar-22 lens in the same frame.
Figure: 96. Camera "Zenith": one - crown; 2 - limb, 3 - ring; 4 - trigger button; 5 - switch; 6 - screw, 7 - the head of excerpts; 8 - shield, 9 - film rewind head, ten - top mounting cover, eleven - body; 12 - bottom removable cover, 13 - lens
PARTIAL DISMANTLING OF THE CAMERA
In case of partial disassembly, remove the upper flap 8, fixed with four decorative screws, and the camera body 11 ... (fig. 96). To remove the top plate 8, you need to unscrew the ring 3, holding release button 4, remove the shutter speed 7, loosening the two locking screws and unscrew the screw 6,
which fixed the film rewind switch 5, There are adjustment shims between the switch and the shield, which must be kept. Removing the upper flap 8,
you need to reinstall the release button 4 and secure it ring 3. The camera body is secured with six decorative screws around the edge of the top mounting cover and four screws on the front of the camera.
184 Mirrored viewfinder
The mirror viewfinder is used to determine the boundaries of the shot during sighting, as well as to set the lens to the maximum sharpness position.
Optical design of a mirror viewfinder camera Zenith is shown in fig. 97. Image of an object created by objective 1 using a mirror 2, reflected on the matted surface of the collective lens 3 and viewed through the eyepiece 5. Wrapping
Fig. 97. Viewfinder optical scheme ' 1 - lens; 2 - mirror in the tilted position; 3 - frosted collective lens, 4 - cent- prism, 5 - eyepiece; 6 - photographic board the system consists of a roof-shaped pentaprism 4 and serves to create a straight image with the correct position of the sides. Due to the fact that the distance from the center of the mirror O to the matted surface of the collective lens 3 and from the same
ondots matte to light-sensitive r material 6 the shooting lens is equal to each other, set to sharpness glass, is precisely set for sharpness and in relation to light-sensitive material 6.
Structurally, the mirror viewfinder is made as follows: in Fig. 98, and the details of the mirror viewfinder are visible, which consists of a folding mirror 14, frosted lens 12 and pentaprism nine. When the shutter is wound, a system of levers lowers the mirror and sets it at an angle of 45 °. The image of the subject, created by the lens using the mirror 14, thrown onto the frosted surface of the collective lens 12 and viewed in the eyepiece through pentaprisms nine.
After focusing the lens on the focus and selecting the appropriate frame, shoot. At the time of shooting, the mirror 14 folds up and does not interfere with photography.
185 Fig. 98 Mirror lowering mechanism a - General internal shutter, 6 - blocking lever, in - drive device one - lever with a ledge, 2, 7, 16 and 25 - springs, 3 - thrust, 4, 6, 13 n 22 - rychagi, 5 - switch 8 and ten - adjusting cables, nine - pentaprism, 11, 18, 19, 20, 27 and 28 - screws, 12 - matt surface of the line, 14 - mirror, 15, 23 and 26 - axes, 17 - shield, 21 - plank 24 - collar, 29 - rack, thirty - nut, 31 - trigger button 32 - button bezel, 33 - collar, 34 - bushing, 35 - screw with left-hand thread
186 Mirror lowering mechanism and shutter lock
The winding shutter mechanism activates the mirror lowering mechanism. It consists of a lever 6 ( fig. 98), vertical thrust 3 and lever 4 At the factory the shutter lever 6 goes down - down and pushes the thrust 3, which in turn lowers the lever 4, mirror-connected 14. When the shutter is wound, the mirror goes down and moves to the side the shoulder of the lever one. At distance
In the most recent plant, the mirror descends at an angle greater than 45 ° and passes below the ledge. At the end of the plant under the action of a spring 2 lever arm 4 begins to return to its original position and the mirror begins to return with it 14, which, reaching the ledge on lever 1 (from bottom to top), is held by this ledge under angle 45 °, At the moment of lowering the mirror, the upper end is released A locking lever 13, which under the influence springs 16 turns on its own axis 15 and the end A moves to the left. Opposite end B at this moment grabs the slot- (available on the shoulder 24 shutter pulley). The blocking lever device is shown in Fig. 98.6
When the shutter-release button is pressed, the release axis pulls back the release spring 25 down This movement is transmitted to lever arm 22, which with its lower end is connected to the trigger spring 25, and the upper one - with lever 1, the ledge of which holds the mirror.In this case, the shutter does not work, since it is held by the end B locking lever for the pulley collar 24.
When, with further pressing of the release button, the ledge of the lever 1 releases the mirror held by it, then, under the action of the spring 7, it will swing up. Ascending upward, the mirror will swing the ledge to the right. A locking lever 13 and its end B release the collar 24 of the lower bolt pulley and the bolt will operate.
In SLR cameras, the shutter is released by the mirror. If the shutter was released simultaneously with the start of the mirror movement, the shutter would be triggered when the mirror was not fully raised, and part of the shot would remain unexposed.
Mirror lowering mechanism drive (fig. 35, located on the hub 34 transporting98, in) real drum. Here, the feature of any transporting drum is used - to make one revolution for each shot and be located with any of its points in the same place every time
Rotating screw 35 lifts the clamp up 33 lever 6, and its opposite end presses the traction 3 and lowers mirror Returning to its original place, screw 35 liberates yoke 33, which under the action of a spring 2 sets all levers to their original position
187 Table 22 Malfunctions of the mechanism for lowering the mirror and locking the shutter
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
The shutter is released and Incorrectly installed Locking lever the mirror remains Locking lever dropped on base eleven nimous 13 ( Fig. 98, a) and not behind and is fixed by three screws in the drum of grabs the collar 24 on 18, 19 and twenty ( Figure 98) Opus shutters tiv these screws, you need mouth new locking lever 13 so that while the mirror is the drum of the lo omitted, he held the tick 24 shutters behind the drill
The mirror folds back Lever ledge one Let go of the wings eighteen and twenty before, how does it work {rice 98, a) not enough and move the bar 21 plus mirror frame 14 gate deep grabs those with a lever 22 to the right and then tighten the wine tightly you The mirror does not fix Lever ledge not behind It is necessary to remove the traction B Xia in the lowered position grabs the mirror frame (Figure 98) and lengthens it nii la Malfunction can be mouth wound by replacing the screw 35 on another with a larger diameter rum head The mirror doesn't reach the ledge Lever arm 4 does not bring on lever 1 mirror up ledge on (Figure 98, a) and after the lever 1, the water returns to the travel position After triggering Sleeve 34 (rice 98 | Release stopper on shutter mirror closed not fully unfolded in the trans transporting drum, the sleeve comes out 34 porting drum not which stops and screw 35 not Start the shutter and under the collars 33 expand bushing So, to screw 35 did not concern yoke 33
Gate seizes or Blocking lever arm Loosen the screws 18 19 does not work until the end 13 ( rice 98, a) hurts and twenty, install blocking tsa per spring rollers the lever exactly between shutters spring rollers
Lens
Due to the design feature of SLRs in which the mirror passes at a distance cameras, from the film when the shutter is triggered, the working camera and lens are mean lengthened in them. line segment
The focal distance of the lens is 45.2 + 0.02 mm. The working area of the Industar-22 lens, which the Zenit camera is equipped with, is lengthened by reducing the length of the lens barrel. As for the rest, the characteristics of the lens are the same as those of the Industar-22 lens of the Zorkiy camera.
188 The latest editions of Zenit cameras were equipped with Industar-50 lenses, the frames of which were part of the frame of the Idustar-50 lenses in a rigid frame, which were used in the Zorkiy-2s cameras. Indus Tar-50 lenses in a rigid frame from “ Zorkiy-2s ", they are approaching the Zenit cameras. To do this, it is enough to unscrew the locking screw on the extension ring and unscrew this ring, and then unscrew the rangefinder ring, which has a left-hand thread.
CAMERA ADJUSTMENT
SLR camera alignment consists of three sequential operations lens alignment, camera alignment and alignment of the mirror viewfinder. Lens alignment consists in setting its correct flange distance, which should be equal to 45.2 + 0.02 mm. The correct focal length of the objective is set using an adjusting device by changing the thickness of the spacers between the lens unit and the worm gear. After checking or setting the correct flange of the lens, set the flange of the camera. It can be installed by the indicator-depth meter or directly by the lens on the autocollimator. By changing the thickness of the spacers between the lens flange and the camera body, the correct focal length of the camera is set.
If the camera is adjusted on the autocollimator, then in this case the correction for the film deflection is taken into account automatically, since when checking and adjusting the camera on the autocollimator, the camera is charged with a film.When setting the working segment with a depth gauge indicator, it is necessary to the working segment equal to
45.2 + 0.02 mm add a correction for the film deflection equal to 0.03-0.05 mm, as a result, the working distance of the camera should be equal to 45.2 + 0.05 = 45.25 ± 0.02 mm. The SLR viewfinder is adjusted only after the lens and camera have been aligned or in cases where it is known in advance that both the lens and the camera have an accurate flange focal distance. The alignment consists of two successive operations: setting the mirror exactly at an angle of 45 ° and setting the collective lens.
Verify correct installation mirrors under uulm 45 ° it is possible to reach the matted surface of the collective lens at any distance. First, the lens is focused on the center of the collective lens. For this, a cross is placed in the center of the collective lens with a pencil. After that, tilting the camera somewhat and without changing the distance, they examine the same object at the upper edge of the collective lens, and then at the lower one. In all three cases, the readings on the lens meter scale should be the same.
189 In fig. 99 shows a collection of 12 viewfinder. Circles 5 and 10 the zones in which the check is conducted are indicated. Suppose that when aiming over zone 5, the lens stops at mark 2 m, and when aiming from the same distance over the zone ten the readings have changed and the distance is 3 m. This is howprit that the mirror is installed at an angle less than 45 ° (in relation to the collective lens}. To change the angle installation of a mirror, need to- loosen the screw a little eleven (Fig. 98, a) and adjust the per score screws 8 and ten. In the considered case least (need to increase angle of installation of the mirror This means that the stop of the lever 1 must be lowered lower. To do this, first unscrew the screw ten, a screw 8, on the back - screw it on. After on the meter scale of the lens during zone guiding 5 and 10 ( rice 99) will be the same
Figure: 99. Device mirror viewfinder body: distance, we can assume that the one and nine - spring pins; 2 and 8 - screws, 3 and 7 -gons, 4 and 6 - adjusting screws, 5 and ten - pick-up zones when mirror is installed correctly at an angle adjusting vi of 45 ° to the matted surface of the seeker, eleven - viewfinder base, 12 - collective lens collective lens.
When adjusting the angle of installation of the mirror, you must remove the top plate of the camera. Screws 4 and 6 are always sealed with shellac adhesive, therefore it is recommended to clean or soak this adhesive with alcohol before adjusting. After setting the correct angle of the mirror, install the collective lens 12. Check and set the collective lens against the collimator or on an object at a distance of 200-300 m. It is necessary to achieve maximum
the sharpness of the image on the collective lens when the lens is set to “infinity”. If the maximum sharpness is obtained when the lens has not reached the “infinity” mark, the collective lens needs to be raised. If the lens reaches the end of the “infinity” mark, and the maximum sharpness of the observed object has not come, it is necessary to lower the collective lens. In these cases, between the collective lens 12 and base 11 change the number of shims. When installing a collective lens, it is necessary to remove the pentaprism, which is attached with two coals 3 and 7 fixed with screws 2 and 8. To
release the collective lens, you need to move and remove the two spring pins 1 and 9.
190 Fitting of interchangeable objects. A large number of interchangeable lenses are available for SLR cameras.
Suitable for the Zenit camera: Focal Lens name Object type distance, Aperture mm
"Mir-1" Wide angle 37 1: 2.8
"Vega-1" Normal fifty 1: 2.8
"Helioe-44" " 58 12
"Helios-40" Portrait 85 1: 1.5
Jupiter-9 " 85 1: 2
Jupiter-I Telephoto lens 135 14
"Tair-11" Also 135 1: 2.8
Jupiter-6 " 180 1: 2.8
Jupiter-21 " 200 1: 4
Tanr-3 " 300 1: 4.5
"MTO-500" " 500 1: 8
"MTO-1000" " 1000 1:10
If the camera "Zenith" is adjusted correctly, it can - take pictures with any interchangeable lenses. However, the majority of complaints about blurry images come from the use of interchangeable telephoto lenses. This is due to the fact that the lens that comes with the camera has a large depth of field, so minor irregularities in camera alignment remain unnoticed.When installing a long-focus lens, which has a very shallow depth of field, even the smallest deviations in camera alignment are immediately apparent. In this regard, it is often necessary to refine the camera alignment with the telephoto lens. It works in the same way as with a normal lens. After making sure that the camera is adjusted correctly, you need to set each interchangeable lens to the "infinity" mark and, observing the subject, m, check if the lens setting and “infinity” coincide with the position of maximum sharpness observed in the camera's SLR viewfinder. If the observed maximum sharpness does not coincide with the setting at the "infinity" mark, then fitting is reduced to the selection of spacers between the lens unit and the frame of the interchangeable lens,
191 2. CAMERA "ZENIT-S"
The Zenit-S camera (Fig, 100) differs from the Zenit camera in the presence of a synchro-device and a modified mirror lowering mechanism. The mechanism for turning off the film rewind and the synchronization device of the Zenit-S camera are similar to those of the Zorkiy-2s camera. Disassembly methods
Figure: 100. Zenit-S camera: one - crown, 2 - shutter button, 3 - sync contact; 4 - the head of excerpts; 5 - shield, 6 - rewind head and assemblies, the device of the mirror viewfinder and the adjustment of the Zenit-S camera do not differ from the Zenit camera. The curtain shutter device and its malfunctions are described in detail when considering the Zorkiy-2s and Zorkiy cameras.
Mirror lowering mechanism
In fig. 101 shows the Zenit-S camera after partial disassembly. In order to gain access to the mirror lowering mechanism, the following parts must be removed: 4, fixing two screws nine, plank eleven with lever 13, fixed
192 two screws 6 and ten, locking lever with base, screwed 6, 8 and ten, and disconnect the spring of the locking lever from the lever 12.
The mecha “is shown in fig. 102. It consists of a winch driven by a gear, connected through an intermediate gear 16 with roller shutter gear Le the leg is connected to the eyelet on the mirror frame by a strong nylon cord 4.
Figure: 101. Zenit-S camera after partial disassembly: one - bar, 2 - eyelet, 3 - nylon cord 4 - flap; 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 - screws; eleven - plank, 12 and 13- levers. 14 - shutter drum collar, 15 - mirror stop
When the shutter is wound, the shutter drum gear rotates and transfers rotation to the gear 14 winches. When the cable is rotated, the nylon cord (is wound on the winch roller 1 and the mirror goes down by an angle greater than 45 °.
There is a special 'release mechanism' for detaching the mirror and placing it on the stop. Winch roller 1 is connected to the drive gear 14 with a pin 12, mounted on a spring washer 11. On the gear 14 reinforced disc 15, protruding 13. A shaped lever is reinforced next to the winch 8, on the square 7 of which the roller is fixed 5, and on the opposite
side - breaker ten. Spring 3, available on the winch, serves only for tensioning the nylon cord 4. The opening mechanism works as follows: 13 grabs the pin 12 spring washer
13 Zac. 680 193 11 and rotates the winch roller 1, on which a nylon cord is wound to lower the mirror. At the end of the valve plant, the end of the spring washer 11 hits the breaker ten and is introduced upwards. Once the pin 12 jump off the ledge 13, the mirror, under the action of its spring, will begin to rise up and stop at an angle of 45 °, held by the protrusion. When the shutter release button is pressed, the mirror is released and, under the action of its spring, folds up. Nylon cord connected
with a mirror, unwinding from the roller, will unfold it clockwise, and the pin 12 times will return to the opposite
side of the winch. When the shutter was released, clockwise disc / 5 and at the end of its movement again engages with the pin 12.
Replacement to a pr about n about in about g about shn u r a. If nylon the cord does not touch the shield or the safety plate 6, he can work Figure: 102. Mirror lowering mechanism: one and 5 — rollers; 2 - screw for fastening the cord; 3 - spring; 4 - cord; 6 - fuse a very long time. Therefore, if the cord is naya plate; 7 - square; 8 - figured lever; nine - bar; ten - breaker; eleven - spring washer; 12 - pin; 13 - di ska ledge; 14 and 16 - gears; / 5 - frayed, it is necessary disk; 17 - cor establish and eliminate the cause that shutter release caused its premature wear. The cord can
install in two ways. You can first fix it on roller 1 and then, circling around roller 5, fix the mirror frame in the eyelet. Although this method is simpler, it is less accurate as it is difficult to tie a knot in the desired location. It is better to take a piece of nylon cord 30-40 long cm, and tie a strong knot at one end of it (for reliability, the knot is moistened with shellac glue). Then, passing the cord through the eyelet of the mirror frame, wind it behind roller 5 and clamp it with a safety plate 6.
It is necessary to install and fasten the cord on the roller 1 with the bolt deflated. When the shutter is released, the protrusion 13 on disk 15 swivels towards the inside of the shutter. On the back of the disc 15 there is a transverse risk, which, when the shutter is released, will take the place of the protrusion 13. Secure the cord with a screw 2 so that the spring washer eleven its base was above the risk of the disc 15.
Gate
FULL R a z b o r k a z and t in o r a camera Zenit-S differs little from complete disassembly of the shutter of the Zorkiy-2s camera. It is produced in cases of repair of the curtain assembly. For
194 To make it easier to assemble the mechanism for lowering the mirror during assembly, make a mark between the shutter body on the deflated shutter 17 and gears 14. After that you need to unscrew the "screw 2 and release the cord 4. The rest of the disassembly is carried out in the same way as in the Zorkiy-2s and Zorkiy cameras.
Table 23
Mirror lowering mechanism malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
The shutter does not release. Opener ten ( rice, Install breaker The mirror remains in op. 102) very shallow and not puppy cooler by bending up its free end sever the ledge 1and with pin 12
The shutter starts 1. Ledge 13 when the bolt is Extend a few the mirror does not fall released, it does not reach the pin 12 millimeters nylon and does not merge with him cord
2. Bent back up Bend back spring spring washer 11 and projection 13 puck down, so that does not grip the pin the ledge was capturing the font
At the factory shutter Opener ten ( fig. Install opening- mirror does not reach 102) has a very steep ledge the body is more shallow, bending slope and ledge 13 down its free end disconnects from the pin Tom 12 earlier than grain angle kahlo will go down to need
3. CAMERA "ZENIT-3"
The Zenit-3 camera (Fig. 103) is an improved model of the Zenit-O. It has a self-timer and a trigger cocking of the shutter. The shutter of the “Zenit-3” camera is designed on the basis of the “Zorkiy-2s” shutter, therefore the shutter and self-timer malfunctions in both cameras are the same. The design of the mirror lowering mechanism is discussed in detail when describing the Kristall camera.
Due to the presence of a hammer platoon and self-timer in Zenit-3, the method of its disassembly and assembly has somewhat changed.
13* 195 PARTIAL DISASSEMBLY OF THE CAMERA
In case of partial disassembly, it is necessary to remove the upper plate 14 and camera body 4. To remove the case, you need to unscrew six screws around the edge of the top mounting cover 16, screw 2, which reinforced the self-timer 3, and two screws
Figure: 103. Camera "Zenit-3": 1 - bottom cover; 2 - screw, 3 - winding self-timer lever, 4 - camera body; 5 - launcher button self-timer, 6 - sync contact, 7 - limb, 8 - decorative screw, nine - rim, ten - release button, 11 - trigger, 12 - head of excerpts, 13 - synchro-regulation torus, 14 - shield, / 5 - film rewind head, 16- top mounting roof ka, 17 - lens
on the front side of the case. Before removing the top shield 14, you need to remove the film rewind head 15, exposure head 12, synchro regulator leash 13, and also disassemble the trigger platoon. When disassembling the trigger platoon, first, using a piece of sheet rubber, unscrew the decorative screw 8. After it has been unscrewed, remove the frame counter dial 7 and the figured spring washer under it.
In fig. 104 shows the trigger platoon with the counter dial removed, showing the spring washer 2 and screwed-
196 naya on the axis 4 nut 3, which must be unscrewed with a special wrench. Under the nut 3 there is a second nut 5, by unscrewing which, you can remove the trigger 1 The upper shield is held by two screws under the rewind head, two decorative screws and two screws under the trigger 1.
Fig 104. Disassembly of the trigger platoon
Cocking mechanism and. braking device
In fig. 105 shows the trigger cocking device and the braking device. There is a ratchet wheel on the hub 1, which closes with the pawl of the winding gear 6. The trigger is put on
liner 3, bushing one. The mechanism of the trigger cocking is closed with a cast casing 4. When turning, the trigger rotates the insert and the sleeve 1 with a ratchet wheel connected to it. The rotation of the ratchet wheel is transmitted through the pawl to the nude winding gear 6. Spring 5 is wound at one end behind the casing 4, and others
connected to bushing 1 and serves to return the trigger to its original position. In order to disassemble the trigger mechanism, you need to unscrew the three screws on the back of the upper mounting cover. 8 and remove the cover 4,
In fig. 105.6 shows details of the trigger mechanism. Inside the casing 4 there is a tide 13, which limits the movement of the mechanism. Assembled ratchet wheel 12 located next to the dog ten, which under the action of a spring 14 fits into the teeth of the ratchet wheel. Gear rotation 6 transmitted to the gear nude eighteen, and from it to the gear of the transporting drum.
The brake spring (fig. 105, in) secured with clutch on gear eighteen. When the valve is wound, this gear rotates clockwise and carries the brake rod with it.
197 zhina, while her brake end 15 comes out of the teeth of the winding gear 6, and the limiting end 7 abuts against the sleeve nine. At the end of the plant when the trigger is released, the gear eighteen does little
Figure: 105 Mechanism of the trigger cocking and braking device: a - trigger platoon mechanism, b - details of the mechanism trigger platoon, in - brake device one - bushing, 2 - threaded bushing, 3 - insert, 4 - casing, 5 and 14 - springs, b and eighteen - gears, 7 and 15 - the ends of the brake spring, 8 - the top mounting cover, nine - sleeve, ten - dog eleven - rivet, 12 - ratchet wheel, 13 - tide, 16 - square, 17 - axis
This movement is in the opposite direction due to the tension of the curtain shutter. The end 15 brake spring fits into the teeth of the winding gear 6 and inhibits it.
198 Table 24 Malfunctions of the trigger cocking and braking device
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
The trigger rotates in A pin fell out of the trigger, like New chicken pin is easy to make idle, shutter not for transmitting the effort of chickens ue is found on the insert 3 ( fig. screw By installing the screw in the 105, a) trigger hole, need to cut off its end protruding from the opposite side, and then blacken
Factory shutter It worked snoring Ratchet wheel 12 the trigger breaks th wheel 12 or from the tank ten ( fig. needs to be fixed, but 105.6) chiv triangular nadfi we remove worn teeth Dog ten always worn out sewn less so how she is hardened. In case of wear, the reservoir can be sharpened on the grinding wheel
The shutter does not fix Broken or bent When straightening or replacing Xia and wound up the brake end is torus the brake spring Excerpts of the heating spring (fig. Do not work correctly we need to remove the square 105, in) 16, keeping his free end of the axis 17 (Fig. 105, c)
4 "CRYSTAL" CAMERA
The Kristall camera is designed on the basis of the Zorkiy-6 camera. It combines the best qualities of the shutter of the Zo, Rky-6 camera with all the advantages of a SLR camera. Due to the fact that the shutter of the “Kristall” camera completely repeats the shutter of the “Zorkiy-6” camera (up to the interchangeability of individual parts), in its description, all attention is paid to its SLR viewfinder and the mechanism for lowering the mirror.
The methods of disassembling and assembling the shutter, its malfunctions and the methods of their elimination completely coincide with the analogous operations on the Zorkiy-6 camera. Therefore, before starting to drink to the study of the device and repair of the "Crystal" camera, it is recommended carefully familiarize from camera "Sharp-6". In fig. 106 shows the external view of the "Crystal" camera. When partially disassembling the camera, remove the upper flap 12 and as required, the transport drum guard or
199 bottom decorative cover eighteen. When repairing the mirror lowering mechanism and adjusting the optical system, it is enough to remove the top shield 12 and a lower decorative cover eighteen.
Figure: 106, Camera "Crystal": one and 13 - screws; 2 - winding self-timer lever; .9 - start button; 4 - sync contact; 5 - limb; 6 - decorative nut; 7 - shutter button; 8 - trigger; 9 - switch button; ten - the head of excerpts; eleven - synchro-regulator; 13 - shield; 14 - film rewinding head; 15 - ring; 16 - cover lock; 17 - body; eighteen - lower decorative
winglet; 19 - lens
Mirror lowering mechanism
In fig. 107 shows the Kristall camera with the upper flap removed, where the following parts and mechanisms are visible: gear assembly of the winding mechanism 6, synchro board 4, pentaprism 2 and the base of the pentaprism ten. In order to gain access to the mirror lowering mechanism, you need to remove the synchro device board 4, which is fixed with screws 5 and 7.
The design of the "Kristall" camera allows you to shoot and install a mirror viewfinder without further adjustment. To remove it from the camera body, it is enough to unscrew the screws 13 and 8, and before that, disconnect the spring from the locking lever.
300 In fig. 108 shows a mirrored viewer removed from the case, showing the following details: pentaprism 4, reinforced on the base 6, adjusting screws 5 and float
Figure: 107. Mechanisms of the "Crystal" camera: 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 - screws; 2 - pentapriema; 4 - synchro device board; 6 - gear assembly of the winding mechanism; nine - from throw cover; ten - the base of the pentaprnzma
Figure: 108. SLR Viewfinder: 1 and 12 - levers; 2 and 7 - screws; 3 and 15 - direction of the working stroke; 4 - pentaprism; 5 - adjusting screws; 6 - base; 8 - planks; nine - mirror frame; ten - mirror; eleven - ledge; 13 and 14 springs ka 8, which set the angle of fixation of the mirror, the lever 12 with a step 11, fixing the mirror at an angle of 45 °, mirror ten, framed nine, and spring 13, which folds
201 mirror. The mirror is lowered under the action of a shaped lever 1 and is fixed with a ledge 11 on the lever 12 Appropriate device of lowering mechanism mirrors (fig. 109) consists of a lever 4, fixed on the body with a screw 2. This lever is operated by a lug 3 by six
Fig. 109 Fur drive unit lowering the mirror
not 6 winding mechanism. At the time of the shutter plant, the gear 6 rotates clockwise and with its protrusion 3 ends 5 lever to the side. In this case, its opposite end 1, acting in the direction of the arrow 3 ( rie. 108), lowers the mirror-
Table 25 Mirror lowering mechanism malfunctions
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
The shutter starts, and 1 Screw unscrewed 2 Replace and tighten the screw the mirror does not fall (Figure 109), and the lever 4 securely disengaged with the drive device
2 Broken ledge 3 If there is no entry on the six 6 ( Figure 109) defective gears gear first release cabins, and then a hole is drilled and a screw is inserted into it, which should
the function of the broken protrusion 3 ( Figure 109) For calcining the gear again not necessary .
202 Continuation
Malfunction Reasons for malfunction Remedies
3 End of 1 arm 4 In order to pull back the end of (Fig. 109), does not grab lever 1 the lever, it is first necessary to (Fig. 108) release it and, after giving it the required size, to harden it again. The same defect can be fixed by letting go of the blame. 13 and 8 (Figure 107) and move
base ten to the right until it stops.
The mirror doesn't reach Unbent lever arm 4 To to enlarge move up to the ledge 11 (fig. 108) or the screw is unscrewed 2 mirrors, lever arm 4 ( rice, to after planting the shutter (Fig. 109) returns to 109) Need First from the outcome start up, then fold back new position end 5 towards the gear 6, a then harden again.
ZAKHAR ARKADIEVICH VISHNEVSKY CAMERA REPAIR
Editor O. N. Baranova Technical editor H, FROM. Cowardly Corrector I. G. Rogacheva
L-69878 Rented in set 17 / VIII 1963 Subp. to print 25 / IX 1963 Volume 13 Circulation 100.000 (2 plant 60 001—100.000) Format pp. 13.646 accounting.-ed. l, 60X90 '/ 16 Order No. 680 Ed. No. 572 Price with binding 78 kopecks,
Printing house No. 1 of Gosbytizdat, Leningrad, Fontanka, 62