Cerebral Cortex Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Adrenal Gland

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Cerebral Cortex Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Adrenal Gland

Endocrine System Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Releasing Hormones Anterior Pituitary Glucose Low Ca2+ ACTH TSH Adrenal Low Blood Pressure Thyroid Pancreas Parathyroid gland Aldosterone Cortisol T3/T4 Insulin PTH Target tissue Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk Hypothalamic Axons Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary Axon termini release Cluster of hormome- hormones secreting cells Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary • Growth Hormone (GH) • Oxytocin • Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone • Vasopressin (ACTH) • Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) • Prolactin • Leutenizing Hormone (LH) • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Pituitary Optic Chiasm Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk Posterior Pituitary Anterior Pituitary Anterior Pituitary Acidophil Basophil Chromophobe Capillary Reticulin Fibers Hypothalamus hormones that regulate release of pituitary hormones • Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) -> GH • Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) -> ACTH • Thryotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) -> TSH • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone -> FSH and LH Hypothalamus 1. Neurons synthesize hormone-releasing hormones 2. Neurons release hormone- releasing hormones into primary capillary plexus. Portal Vein 3. Hormone-releasing hormones diﬀuse out of secondary plexus to stimulate acidophils and basophils. Anterior Pituitary 4. Hormones from acidophils and basophils diﬀuse into secondary plexus and distribute throughout the body. Anterior Pituitary Fenestrated Endothelium Somatotroph Secretory Granule Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk Hypothalamic Axons Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary Axon termini release Cluster of hormome- hormones secreting cells Posterior Pituitary Herring Body Pituicyte Blood Vessel Posterior Pituitary Fenestrated Endothelium Capillary Lumen Axon Terminus Adrenal Glands Adrenal Gland Medulla Cortex Reticularis Fasciculata Glomerulosa Zona Glomerulosa Trabecula Fasciculata Glomerulosa Capsule Zona Fasciculata Fasciculata Glomerulosa Cortisol Pathway T4/T3 Pathway CRH TRH Hypothalamus Corticotroph Thyrotroph Pituitary Cell Throphic Hormone ACTH TSH Negative Feedback Negative Feedback Target Cell Adrenal Glands Thyroid Hormone Cortisol T4/T3 Corticosterone CH2OH Aldosterone CH2OH H C O C O CH3 O C HO Glomerulosa HO Cholesterol CH3 CH3 Cells O O 17 α-Hydroxylase CH2OH Cortisol C O CH3 OH HO CH3 O 11 β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) CH2OH Cortisone C O CH3 OH O CH3 O Zona Reticularis Reticularis Fasciculata Adrenal Medulla Medulla Reticularis Thyroid Thyroid C-cell Colloid Principle Cell OH OH OH OH Colloid Conjugation OH OH O O O O OH Iodination 2 OH CH 2 OH OH OH OH CH CH2 CH CH 2 2 2 CH2 CH 2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 Thyroglobulin secretion I0 - I Cl- Principle Cell TPO Endocytic Vesicle Lysosome T3 T4 T3 T4 Interstitium Na+ I- Cortisol Pathway T4/T3 Pathway CRH TRH Hypothalamus Corticotroph Thyrotroph Pituitary Cell Throphic Hormone ACTH TSH Negative Feedback Negative Feedback Target Cell Adrenal Glands Thyroid Hormone Cortisol T4/T3 Parathyroid Parathyroid Oxyphil Cell Chief Cells Endocrine Pancreas Endocrine Pancreas Exocrine Pancreas Islet of Langerhans Glucose Membrane ATP-binding depolarization Calcium-binding closes channel Insulin open channel triggers fusion Ca+ Interstitium Cytosol K+ PO3 Glucokinase ATP Glycolysis TCA Cycle CO2 H2O.

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TEE UNIVERSITY of OKLAHOMA GRADUATE Coiiiege ' A
TEE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COIIiEGE ' A COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF NATIVE RABBITS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY ±n partial fiolflllment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY I. ERNEST GONZALEZ Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 1955 A COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF NATIVE RABBITS APEROVED BY THESIS COMMIT' ACKN0WEE33GEMENT The writer wishes to express his profound appreciation and sincere thanks to Dr. Kenneth M. Richter, Department of Anatomy, University of Oklahoma Medical School, for his valuable time, coopera- I _ ition, helpful criticisms, and timely suggestions during the course of j I this investigation; to Dr. Ernest Lachman, Chairman of the Department of Anatomy, for his encouragement and cooperation; to Dr. Garman Daron, Professor of Anatomy, for his many helpful suggestions % and to the University of Oklahoma for a University scholarship. Many other persons have cooperated indirectly in making this investigation possible, and the writer would like to acknowledge also the assistance of Dr. C. Lynn Hayward and Dr. D. Eldon Beck, Depart ment of Zoology, Brigham Young University, for procuring and identify ing many of the native rabbit species; of Mr. Ernest Reiser for his advice during the preparation of the graphic models; and of Mr. Neil Woodward for his assistance with the photomicrographic reproductions. ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I 1 Introduction CHAPTER II Materials and MetHods CHAPTER III Observations .............................. 7 Ocbbtona princeps ............»...... ...... 7 Pexicapsular tissue^ capsule, and stroma 7 Vasculature . ......... ............. 8 Innervation............... .... ........ 9 Cortex ........ , . ... ........ ... .. 9 Zona glomerulosa....... ............ 9 Zona fasciculata .............
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Adrenal Gland
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