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Adrenal Gland ADRENAL GLAND Objectives: ◧ Editing file • Differentiate between adrenal cortex ◧ Important and medulla. ◧ Doctor notes / Extra • Identify the histological features of each cortical zone and its cells. • Identify the histological features of the medullary cells. 438 Histology Team Endocrine Block Zona glomerulosa Stroma Cortex Zona fasciculata Parenchyma Zona reticularis Adrenal gland Adrenal Medulla The adrenal cortex layers have 5 features in common: extra but important 1. Suprarenal artery 1- Acidophilic cytoplasm 2. Capsule 2- Abundant SER 3. Zona glomerulosa 3- Numerous mitochondria 4. Zona fasciculata 5. Zona reticularis 4- Mitochondrial cristae is tubular 6. Medulla 5- few Droplet of lipids ( expect Zona fasciculata rich in lipids) 7. Central vein of medulla 438 Histology Team - Endocrine Block 2 Adrenal Cortex Zona fasciculata Zona glomerulosa Zona reticularis (spongiocytes) ● formed of clusters of small • It is the intermediate and the largest •It is the innermost layer of adrenal columnar cells that are rich in layer of the cortex. cortex. SER and mitochondria. • It is formed of columns of large •It is formed of anastomosing ● Produces mineralocorticoids polyhedral cells that are separated cords of deep acidophilic cells. e.g. aldosterone hormone by longitudinal sinusoidal capillaries. •Its cells contains few lipofuscin (Reabsorb all the remaining • Its cells are rich in lipids, so they and lipid droplets. sodium, and passively the appear empty in sections chloride, from the lumen of the (spongiocytes). •The cells secrete androgens. distal renal tubules into the renal • Its cells are rich in mitochondria (with interstitium. In addition, tubular cristae),SER and lipofuscin potassium and hydrogen ions pigments. are actively secreted into the lumen). • Its cells secrete glucocorticoids. • It is regulated by ACTH of pituitary. 438 Histology Team - Endocrine Block 3 Neurons in adrenal medulla Medulla of adrenal gland • it is the central portion of the adrenal gland. • It is completely invested with adrenal cortex (not separated from it by CT. septa) 1- Chromaffin cells (Pheochromocytes): 1. Contains granules of catecholamine as that of sympathetic nervous system. 2. They produce epinephrine and norepinephrine. 3. They stain deep brown with chromic saltalts. It contains: 2- Sympathetic ganglion cells : Relay on chromaffin cells. 438 Histology Team - Endocrine Block 4 Quiz Q1: Which of the following feature is true about Q4: Which one of the following cells secrete Zona glomerulosa ? epinephrine ? A. Formed of Small cuboidal cells A. Pheochromocyte B. Secrete glucocorticoids B. Zona glomerulosa C. Formed of polyhedral column C. Zona reticularis D. Has acidophilic cytoplasm D. Spongiocytes Q2: Which one of the following zone is rich in Q5: all the following are true about the medulla expect lipids ? A. it is the central portion of the adrenal gland. A. Zona glomerulosa B. its produce epinephrine B. Zona fasciculata C. it separated from the cortex by CT. septa C. Zona reticularis D. it is contain Pheochromocytes D. Zona medullaris Q6: Which one of the following Feature is common in Q3: Sex hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex layers ? A. all endocrine tissues of the body A. Acidophilic nucleus B. zona glomerulosa B. Abundant RER C. the gonads C. few mitochondria D. zona reticularis and the gonads D. Mitochondrial cristae is tubular 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6 D 6 5.C 4.A 3.D 2.B 1.D 5 Team Leaders ◧ Abdullah shadid ◧ Sarah alflaij Good luck :) 438 Histology Team - Endocrine Block 6.
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