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Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics Volume 35, Number 1, 2019 CONTENTS

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Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics Volume 35, Number 1, 2019 CONTENTS Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics VOLUME 35, N UMBER 1, 2019 This issue of Immunohematology is supported by a contribution from Grifols Diagnostics Solutions, Inc. Dedicated to advancement and education in molecular and serologic immunohematology Immunohematology Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics Volume 35, Number 1, 2019 CONTENTS B LOOD G ROUP R EVIEW 1 An update on the Augustine blood group system G. Daniels S EROLO G IC M ETHOD R EVIEW 3 Donath-Landsteiner Test M. Kilty and T.S. Ipe B LOOD G ROUP R EVIEW 7 An update on the CD59 blood group system C. Weinstock, M. Anliker, and I. von Zabern S EROLO G IC M ETHOD R EVIEW 9 ZZAP treatment of red blood cells S.I. Marckwardt B LOOD G ROUP R EVIEW 11 An update on the Duffy blood group system G.M. Meny R EVIEW 13 Serologic problems associated with administration of intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) D.R. Branch B LOOD G ROUP R EVIEW 16 An update on the Knops blood group system J.M. Moulds S EROLO G IC M ETHOD R EVIEW 19 Inhibition of blood group antibodies by soluble substances K.M. Byrne, C.M.C. Mercado, T.N. Nnabue, T.D. Paige, and W.A. Flegel B LOOD G ROUP R EVIEW 23 An update on the Lutheran blood group system G. Daniels 25 33 37 41 A NNOUNCE M ENT S A DVERTI S E M ENT S I N S TRUCTION S S U bs CRIPTION FOR A UTHOR S I NFOR maTION E DITOR - IN -C HIEF E DITORI A L B OA RD Sandra Nance, MS, MT(ASCP)SBB Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Patricia Arndt, MT(ASCP)SBB Geralyn M. Meny, MD, MS Pomona, California Coppell, Texas M A N ag IN G E DITOR Cynthia Flickinger, MT(ASCP)SBB Barbara J. Bryant, MD Paul M. Ness, MD Wilmington, Delaware Galveston, Texas Baltimore, Maryland Lilian M. Castilho, PhD Thierry Peyrard, PharmD, PhD TECHNIC A L E DITOR S Campinas, Brazil Paris, France Janis R. Hamilton, MS, MT(ASCP)SBB Detroit, Michigan Martha R. Combs, MT(ASCP)SBB S. Gerald Sandler, MD Durham, North Carolina Washington, District of Columbia Christine Lomas-Francis, MSc New York City, New York Geoffrey Daniels, PhD Ira A. Shulman, MD Bristol, United Kingdom Los Angeles, California Joyce Poole, FIBMS Bristol, United Kingdom Anne F. Eder, MD Jill R. Storry, PhD Washington, District of Columbia Lund, Sweden Dawn M. Rumsey, ART(CSMLT) Norcross, Georgia Melissa R. George, DO, FCAP, FASCP Nicole Thornton Hershey, Pennsylvania Bristol, United Kingdom Tiffany Walters, MT(ASCP)SBBCM Julie K. Karp, MD Charlotte, North Carolina Philadelphia, Pennsylvania E M ERITU S E DITOR S S ENIOR M EDIC A L E DITOR Jose Lima, MD Delores Mallory, MT(ASCP)SBB David Moolten, MD Douglassville, Georgia Supply, North Carolina Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Christine Lomas-Francis, MSc Marion E. Reid, PhD, FIBMS A ss OCI ATE M EDIC A L E DITOR S New York City, New York Bristol, United Kingdom P. Dayand Borge, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Corinne L. Goldberg, MD Durham, North Carolina M OLECUL A R E DITOR Immunohematology is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by the Margaret A. Keller, PhD American Red Cross, National Headquarters, Washington, DC 20006. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Immunohematology is indexed and included in Index Medicus and MEDLINE on the MEDLARS system. The contents are also cited in the EBASE/Excerpta Medica and Elsevier E DITORI A L A ss I S TA NT BIOBASE/Current Awareness in Biological Sciences (CABS) databases. Linda Frazier The subscription price is $50 for individual, $100 for institution (U.S.), and P RODUCTION A ss I S TA NT $60 for individual, $100 for institution (foreign), per year. Latasha Melvin Subscriptions, Change of Address, and Extra Copies: C OPY E DITOR Immunohematology, P.O. Box 40325 Frederique Courard-Houri Philadelphia, PA 19106 Or call (215) 451-4902 P ROOFRE A DER Wendy Martin-Shuma Web site: https://www.redcrossblood.org/biomedical-services/educational-resources/ immunohematology.html E LECTRONIC P U B LI S HER Copyright 2019 by The American National Red Cross Paul Duquette ISSN 0894-203X O N O UR C OVER Eugeen Van Mieghem grew up in Antwerp, Belgium, and in mood and subject his art never strayed far from the busy port’s austere setting. His laudatory yet realistic portrayals of the laborers and emigrant poor on the wharves and piers reflect his socially aware empathy and insight. At the start of his career, he used his wife Augustine Pautre as his primary model and first muse, and she predominates his early work. Tragically Augustine succumbed to tuberculosis after only 3 years of marriage, but Van Mieghem’s charged depictions of her during her illness have been compared with similar efforts by Ferdinand Hodler and Rembrandt. Van Mieghem completed De bloem van de voorstad (translation, Flower of the City) in 1901. This issue of Immunohematology includes an update of the Augustine blood group system. David Moolten, MD ii IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY, Volume 35, Number 1, 2019 B LOOD G ROUP R EVIEW An update on the Augustine blood group system G. Daniels This update of the Augustine (AUG) blood group system (Daniels An antibody to a high-prevalence antigen (AUG4) in G. The Augustine blood group system, 48 years in the making. a white woman, who had been pregnant and transfused, Immunohematology 2016;32:100–3) describes two antigens was first found in 1995. Recent whole exome sequencing that have been added to the Augustine system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 36), bringing the number of revealed homozygosity for a missense mutation in SLC29A1 antigens in the system to four. Further information on the clinical encoding p.Asn81Ser. The variant was present in 0.1 percent significance of Augustine system antibodies and the function of of individuals in the Exome Aggregation Consortium but was the Augustine glycoprotein, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, is presented. Immunohematology 2019;35:1–2. never found in a homozygous state. The AUG:–4 RBCs of the propositus were AUG:1,2, confirming that ENT1 is present, Key Words: Augustine, SLC29A1, adenosine transport, but flow cytometric analysis revealed an approximately erythropoiesis, ENT1 30 percent reduction in surface ENT1 relative to that on AUG:1,2,4 (common phenotype) RBCs. The antibody of the New Augustine Antigens propositus reacted with AUG:1,2 and AUG:1,–2 RBCs, but not with AUG:–1,–2 (null phenotype) RBCs.3 Since the publication of the original review,1 two new antigens have been added to the Augustine (AUG) blood group Clinical Significance of Augustine System system: AUG3 and AUG4 (Table 1). Antibodies An antibody to a low-prevalence antigen (AUG3) caused severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti- requiring two exchange and four top-up transfusions. Targeted AUG2 (anti-Ata)4 and severe HDFN caused by anti-AUG32 exome sequencing for blood group genes revealed that the baby confirm previous reports that Augustine system antibodies was heterozygous for a novel variant in the Augustine gene, have the potential to be dangerously hemolytic. SLC29A1, encoding p.Thr387Pro in the fifth extracellular loop of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1). The baby’s Functional Aspects of the Augustine Glycoprotein brother, father, two paternal aunts, and grandmother were all heterozygous for the variant allele, and their red blood cells Analysis of mature RBCs and developing erythroid (RBCs) were all AUG:3.2 cells from the three previously reported AUG:–1,–2 (null phenotype) siblings revealed macrocytosis Table 1. Antigens of the Augustine system and abnormal morphologies together with Antigen Molecular basis a decreased level of proliferation during Number Name Prevalence Nucleotides Exon Amino acids Reference erythropoiesis and delayed erythroblast maturation. This finding suggests a role AUG1 High c.589+1G>C 6 Slice site 1 of ENT1-mediated adenosine transport in AUG2 Ata High c.1171G>A 12 Glu391Lys 1 erythroid differentiation.5 AUG3 ATML Low c.1159A>C 12 p.Thr387Pro 2 AUG4 ATAM High c.242A>G 3 p.Asn81Ser 3 IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY, Volume 35, Number 1, 2019 1 G. Daniels References 4. Raval JS, Harm SK, Wagner B, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH. Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction attributed to anti-Ata. 1. Daniels G. The Augustine blood group system, 48 years in the Immunohematology 2016;32:140–2. making. Immunohematology 2016;32:100–3. 5. Mikdar M, Le Van Kim C, Kinet S, et al. Lack of the nucleoside 2. Millard GM, McGowan EC, Wilson B, et al. A proposed new transporter ENT1 in individuals with the rare Augustine-null low-frequency antigen in the Augustine blood group system blood group is associated with an abnormal erythropoiesis and associated with a severe case of haemolytic disease of the fetus microcytosis (abstract). Vox Sang 2018;113(Suppl 1):64. and newborn. Transfusion 2018;58:1320–2. 3. Vrignaud C, Mikdar M, Raneri A, et al. Characterization of a Geoffrey Daniels, PhD, retired, previously Head of Diagnostics, novel high-prevalence red blood cell antigen in the Augustine blood group system (abstract). Vox Sang 2018;113(Suppl International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, Bristol, UK, geoff. 1):64–5. [email protected]. Manuscripts The editorial staff of Immunohematology welcomes manuscripts submitting scientific articles, case reports, and review articles, pertaining to blood group serology and molecular genetics for see Instructions for Authors in every issue of Immunohematology consideration for publication. We are especially interested in or e-mail a request to [email protected]. Include fax and review articles, case reports, papers on platelet and white cell phone numbers and e-mail address with all manuscripts serology, scientific articles covering original investigations or new and correspondence.
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