Abortion, , Academies, , , Accademie. See Also Agrarian Academies

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88359-7 - Venice: History of the Floating City Joanne M. Ferraro Index More information

INDEX

abortion, , male, academies, , , political, , – Accademie. See also agrarian Aegean Sea, , , , , , , , academies , degli Incogniti, , markets, dei Granelleschi, Africa, North, , , , , , , , dei Ricoverati, , , , , , , della Giudecca, Agnadello, Battle of, , , delle Belle Arti, , agrarian academies, Scienze, Lettere, ed Arti, Brescia, acqua alta. See oods Giorgioli, acquaroli, , , Padua, Acre, –, , , , Royal Agricultural Society, Adige River, , , Udine, adolescence, agrarian reform, patrician, agriculture, , , , , , , , Adriatic Sea, , , commercial, , colonies, Aigues-Mortes, and Corsairs, Albanesi. See Albanians declining hegemony, Albania, , , English blockade, Albanians, , , –, , , and Jupiter, albergo/ghi, , and lagoons, Aldine Press, littoral, –, Aleppo, , markets, Alexandria, , , , , , , , , migrants from, –, protection of, , Algarotti, Francesco, educator, Spanish threat, alum, , trade links, Alvisopoli, publishing house, Venice as Queen, , Amadi family, adultery, , , –, ambassadors adulthood education of, female, ambassadorships, ,

242 Index

America assembly, general, 53, 55, 217 Revolution, 180 asylums, 165, 169, 172 American Friends of the Marciana, 214 Ateneo Veneto, 207 Americas, 111, 187 Athens, 178 Anabaptists, 94, 159–60 seige of, 179 Anatolia, 38 Atlantic anatomy, 125, 183 economies, 108, 122, 187 Andalusia, 186 states, 178 Andreini, Isabella, actress, 168 Attila the Hun, 2, 189 androne. See Great Hall Auditori Novi, 67, 217 Anfossi, Giovanni Battista, writer, 112 Auditori Vecchi, 217 Annunciation Day, 2, 57–8, 127, 142 Augsburg, 40, 80 Antioch, 156 Augustinian Order, 24 apéritifs, 47 Austria, 179 Apollo, 139 Austrian rule of Venice, 203 apothecaries, 25, 40, 113–15, 122, 171 Averroes, 183 Apulia, 31 Avogaria di Comun. See State Attorneys Aquapendente, Girolamo Fabrizio d’, anatomist, 183 bacaro/i. See taverns Aquileia, 2, 4 Bach, Johann Sebastian, composer, 188 Arabs, 11, 13, 33, 41, 43, 46, 123 bacino, 218 Christian, 37 Bacino San Marco, 16, 20, 195 medics, 45 Badoer family, 24, 52 architects Baghdad, 12 proto, 222 bailo/i, 218 proto and protomaestri, 131 bakeries, 42, 117 Archivio Veneto, 207 bakers, 9, 41, 76, 86, 108, 139, 220 arengo. See assembly, general Balkans, 9, 38, 80 Aretino, Pietro, writer, 155 Balla d’Oro. See Barbarella Argos, 65 balls, 135, 193, 196 Aristotle, 153, 189 Balzac, Honoré de, playwright and Armenia, 33, 45, 76 novelist, 193 Armenians, 9, 37, 48, 108, 217 banche. See Great Confraternities arrowsmiths, 9, 220 Banchieri, Adriano, playwright, 168 Arsenal, 12, 18, 27, 83, 91, 99, 183–6, 203, banks, 5, 9, 20, 38, 95, 182, 208 204, 217 Pisano-Tiepolo, 181 workers, 18, 20, 36, 106, 205 banquets, 59, 79, 83, 95, 101, 116–17, artichokes, 45 121, 135 artisans, 11, 50, 85, 93–5, 108–9, 159 baptism, 78 Ascalon, 30 Barbarella, 56, 59, 218 Ash Wednesday, 97 Barbari, Jacopo de’, artist, 128 Asher Meshullam, banker, 90 Map of Venice, 18 Asia, 30, 33, 37, 49, 108, 125, 187 Barbarigo family, 69 East, 34, 217 Barbaro, Francesco, humanist, 172 greater, 123, 217 on marriage, 59 Southeast, 45, 217 Barbarossa. See Frederick I, Holy Roman Southwest, 12, 28, 130, 187, 217 Emperor Asia Minor, 46, 80, 113 Barbary Coast, 106

Index 243

barbershops, 194 Doge Leonardo Loredan, 52 Barcelona, 106 San Zaccaria Altarpiece, 130 barley, 41–2, 113 Bellini, Jacopo, painter, 129 Barnabotti, 218, See patriciate: poor Bellotto, Bernardo, painter, 194 members Bembo, Pietro, poet, 147 Baroque Ben Israel, Menasseh, scholar, 93 architecture, 213 beret manufacture, 185 painting, 199 Bergamo, 61, 76 period, 176 Bernadon, 154 Basilica San Marco, 4, 13, 20, 32, 38, 128, Bernini, Gianlorenzo, sculptor, 195 131, 146–7, 156, 195, 207, 213 Bessarion, John, Cardinal, 127 acoustical space, 149 library, 60 Columns from Acre, 14 biblioteca, 218 Domes, 15 Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, 127, 214 iconography, 12 Biennale, 204, 211 mosaics, 13 of 1895, 208 musical performances, 149 of 1948, 208 Porta di Sant’ Alipio, 4,12,15, bills of exchange, 107 Plates I & V bird market, 40 Tetrarchs, 14 bisato su l’ara. See cuisine, eel visual language, 13 Bishop of Philadelphia, 170 Bassano, Jacopo, painter, 131 bishoprics, 71, 155–6 Bassano, Leandro, painter Black Death, 19, 75, 89 Virgin in Glory & Three Avogadori, 57 Black Sea, 3, 11, 34, 38, 41, 78 bauti. See clothing: capes blacksmiths, 107 Beauharnais, Eugene de, Viceroy of Italy, blasphemy, 155 203 Blatas, Arbit, artist, 211 Beccarie, 4042, 218, See also butchers and The Last Train, 212 meat blockades Bedmar, Marquis of, 177 Austrian, 203 bell towers, 12, 218 English, 203 of parishes, 8 boat San Marco, 2, 11, 17, 42, 139, 208 peoples, 1 Bella, Gabriele, painter, 198 races, 83 Combat Scene on the Ponte dei Pugni, 96 Boccaccio, Giovanni, writer, 163 Old Fair of the “Sensa,” 188 Boccato, Carla, historian, 93 Bellavitis, Anna, historian, 81, 100 Boerio, Giuseppe, scholar, 114 Bellini, Gentile, painter, 129 Bohemia, 40 Corpus Christi Procession, 76, 129, 134 Bolognetti, Alberto, papal nuncio, 161 and Islamic culture, 129 Bon, Bartolomeo, sculptor, 18, 132 The Miracle of the Holy Cross, 129, 130, Bon, Giovanni, sculptor, 18, 132 135, 144 Bon family, 196 Procession in Piazza San Marco. Bonaparte, Napoleon, king and emperor, See Corpus Christi Procession 203–4, 208 Saint Mark Preaching in Alexandria, bonds, government, 182 130, 131 Bonifacio de’Pitati, painter, 128 Turkish Woman, 130 Book of Gold, 55, 81, 203 Bellini, Giovanni, painter, 130 Book of Silver, 81

244 Index

bookbindings, 109 Byron, Lord George, poet, 193, 205 Bordone, Paris, painter, 132 Byzantine architecture, 136 Borromeo, Charles, cardinal, 153 Byzantium, 1, 3, 11, 16, 19, 40–1, 75 Borsato, Giuseppe, painter pictorial language, 12, 129 Napoleon Bonaparte’s Arrival at Venice in Roman, 4 1807, 202 Bosnian mountains, 40 ca’ (casa). See palazzi botany, 125, 183 cabinets. See studioli bottlers, 40, 224 Caffi, Ippolito, painter, 206, 208 Bourbons of France, 179, 201 Cairo, 11, 16, 108, 114, 209 braid, 50, 118, 198 Calle breach-of-promise, 166 del Paradiso, 25, 77 bread del Pestrin, 9 prices, 42 delle Beccarie, 42 varieties, 42 calle/i, 9, 79, 99, 218 Brenta River, 10, 28, 196 Calmo, Andrea, playwright, 168 Brescia, 47, 61, 64, 68, 76, 81, 185 Calvin, Jean, 94, 151, 159 and agrarian academies, 184 campana, 218 Bresciano Campania, 178 industry, 186 campanile/i. See bell tower(s) Brianza, 185 campiello/i, 9, 218 bricks, 20, 26, 186 Campo bridge battles, 96, 144 della Pescaria. See fish market bridges, 9, 19, 27, 96, 99, 117, 152 delle Beccarie, 48 Accademia, 206 San Giacomo, 48 Carmine, 97 San Stefano, 193 degli Ormesini, 93 campo/i, 9, 79, 99, 218 Gesuati, 97 Canal of Cannaregio, 218 Ghetto, 92 canale, 218 pontoon at S.M. della Salute, 145 Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal), pontoon at the Redentore, Giudecca, 141 painter, 194 pontoon at the Zattere, 145, 157 Candelmas, 83, 95, 117 Pugni, 97 Candia, 43, 47, 65, 78, 113, 178, 218 Rialto. See Rialto, bridge chancellor of, 60 San Lorenzo, 135 Seige of, 179 San Marziale, 97 Candiano family, 51 Santa Fosca, 97 Cannaruoli, 20, 96 Scalzi, 206 Canova, Antonio, sculptor, 193 broadcloth, 107 Caorle, 153 Bruges, 37 capitano. See governors of territories Bucintoro, 31, 58, 90, 203, 218 capo di contrada, 82 building materials, 26 capo/i, 218 bull runs, 79 Capponi, Neri, 147 Buora, Giovanni, architect, Plate VII Capuchins, 156 Busenello, Francesco, librettist, 189 car ferries, 213 bussolai. See sea biscuits cardinalships, 140 butchers, 38, 76 Carnia, 185

Index 245

Carnival, 4, 59, 88, 90, 97–8, 116, 154, 187, Chaucer, Geoffrey, writer, 163 189–90, 193, 208 cheese music, 187 from Apuglia, 43 Carpaccio, Vittore, painter, 131 from Candia, 43 The Lion of Saint Mark, 129 from Dalmatia, 43 Carpathian Mountains, 40 chemical industries, 210 carpets, 3, 12, 90, 108, 123 childhood Egypt, 108 patrician, 58 Ottoman, 108 and work, 99 Carrara lords, 61 children Carriera, Rosalba, painter, 198 custody of, 170 Casa del Farmacista, Lido, 210 and proto industry, 186 Casanova, Giacomo, 194 chili peppers, 113 casinò. See gambling houses chimney pots, 25, 213 Cassiodorus, 1, 137 China, 33, 38, 109 Castellani, 20, 95–7 China, South, 46 Catholicism China Sea, 38 independence from Rome, 195 chinoiseries, 197, 218 Venetian, 195 chocolate, 112–13, 193, 199 Catholic-Reformation, 151 recipes, 112 Cebà, Ansaldo, monk, 162 choir of San Marco, 188 celebrations Chojnacki, Stanley, historian, 56, 58, 69, 1563 Catholic defeat of Huguenots, 72, 169 142, 151 cholera, 207 Conquest of Constantinople, 142 Chopin, Frederick, composer, 206 John the Baptist’s beheading, 142 Christian era, 2, 172 Mary Magdalene’s Day, 142 Christmas, 95 Recovery of Padua, 142 Church removal of 1510 Papal Interdict, 142 Catholic, 155 Saint Martial’s Day, 142 Church, Catholic, 155–6, 160 St. Isidore, 142 churches St. Vitus Day, 143 Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 12 Triumph of Lepanto, 142, 151 Holy Apostles, Constantinople, 12 Vanquishing Genoa, 142 Redentore, 140, 141, 145, 157, 195 celibacy, 105, 155, 160, 170, 173, 190 San Cipriano, Murano, 203 Celts, 3 San Francesco della Vigna, 24, 137, 140 cement, 186 San Giacomo (Giacometto), 5, 7, 38 Cemetery of San Michele, 204, Plate VII San Giacomo del Orio, 5 censorship, Austrian, 204 San Giorgio Maggiore, 94, 140, ceramics, 109, 186 Plate XIV cereals, 33, 42, 106, 222 San Giovanni Degolà, 5 Cerigo island, 178 San Giovanni e Paolo, 24, Plate VII charity, 117, 158 San Giovanni Elemosinario, 6, 40 Charlemagne, 4 San Marcuola, 5 Charles I, king of England, 178 San Moisè, 196 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 138 San Pietro di Castello, 83 chastity of women, 152 San Polo, 5

churches (cont.) clergy San Simeone Grande, deviance, San Simeone Piccolo, privilege, San Vito, cloth merchants, Sant’Agostin, clothing Santa Fosca, of aristocratic women, – Santa Maria Assunta, Torcello, capes, Santa Maria dei Miracoli, , , of cittadini, Santa Maria del Giglio, cloaks, Santa Maria della Pietà. See also Pietà, colors, , Ospedale della of courtesans, Santa Maria della Salute, , , , and ethnicity, Plate XV gendered dierences, Santa Maria Formosa, and marital status of women, Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, , of the plague doctor, Santa Maria Mater Dominini, of professions and vocations, Santa Marina, of prostitutes, Santi Maria e Donato, Murano, –, and representation, Plate II secondhand dealers, Santo Stefano, and sexual status, , Ciardi, Guglielmo, painter, and social class, , , cicisbeo, used, , Cicogna, Emmanuele, scholar, , and world image, Cicognara, Leopoldo, art historian, cobblers, cinnamon, , , codèga. See lantern bearers Cinque Savii alla Mercanzia, Codussi, Mauro, architect, –, Cinque Savii alla Pace, Plate XII cisterns, Ca’ Loredan, Plate XII citizens. See cittadini coee, , , , citizenship, coee houses, , , cittadini, , –, , , , , Florian, , , – , Quadri’s, , and chanceries, cogs, de intus, coinage de intus et de extra, debased, humanist training, collecting, , , marriage alliances, Collegio, , , , marriage contracts, ceiling iconography, originari, , , chamber, per privilegio, Collegio dei Sette Savii, residences, Collegio del Militia da Mar, women, Colmenero, Antonio, professor, cityscapes, colonialism, –, civic identity, , , and material culture, civic ritual, , Commedia dell’Arte, , , Clarissimo/a, commenda/e, , classical architecture, commercial expansion, classicism, – , commercial revolution,

Index 247

Compagnie della Calza. See Companies of Corner, Caterina, Queen of Cypress, 136 the Hose Corner, Zorzi, 137 Compagnie des Bateaux Omnibus de Corner family, 69, 140, 178 Venise, 207 corno, 219 Companies of the Hose, 59, 97, 116, Corone, 65, 106, 219 150, 219 corredo/i. See dowries:material goods Company of Divine Love, 158 Correr Archives and Library, 214 compass, nautical, 33 Correr Museum, 179 concubines, 155, 190 Correr, Teodoro, 205 condotta/e. See Jews, charters Corsairs, 174 confraternities, 27, 66, 69, 77, 81, 84, 88, cortigiana. See courtesans 93, 95, 134, 143, 145, 150, 157, 160, Côte d’Azur, 209 See also scuole cotton, 30, 35–38, 49, 108–10, artistic patronage, 86 181, 184 functions, 86–9 calicò, 49 and laity, 87 factory, 207 loyalty to Venice, 156 summer dress, 123 and musical patronage, 150 Council of Forty, 53, 55, 67, 82, 103, and mythmaking, 132 180, 223 savings banks, 182 and Signoria, 224 Congress of Vienna, 204 Council of Pregadi, 53, 222 Constantinople, 3, 11–12, 15, 26, 29, 38, 44, Council of Ten, 55, 60, 67, 70, 82, 87, 90–1, 64–5, 78, 106, 108–9, 115, 127, 129, 103, 111, 132, 153, 159, 169, 177, 181, 142, 156, 178, 203, 218 187, 219, 224 plunder, 32 chambers, 132 sack of, 128 Council of Trent, 153, 157, 163, 166, 170 trade base, 34 and marriage rites, 101 consumption Counter-Reformation, 94, 138, 176, 188, patterns, 123 190, 195 Contarini family, 24, 52, 69, 189 iconography, 196 Contarini Niccolò, 176 courtesans, 80, 98, 118, 148, 161, Conti, Antonio, writer, 192 187, 190 contrada/e, 219 courtship, 100 convents, 73, 165 Cowan, Alexander, historian, 70 enclosure, 163 Cozzi, Gaetano, historian, 67–8 patrician women, 72 Crema, 76 and prostitution, 161 Cremona, 68 San Giovanni Evangelista, Torcello, 72 Cremonini, Cesare, philosopher, 152, 189 San Lorenzo, 72 crenellations, 219 San Zaccaria, 72 Crete, 32, 78, 89, 178, 218 Sant’Angela, 164 ports, 65 Convertite, 157, 219 Venetian estates, 35 convoys, 18, 22, 33, 37, 39, 106, 221 Crouzet-Pavan, Elisabeth, historian, 10, cooks, 46, 79, 108 28, 53 Copia Sullam, Sarah, poet, 162 Crusades, 19, 23, 29–33, 41–43, 45, coppersmiths, 107 49, 187 Corfu, 3132, 65, 219 booty, 22 Cornaro family, 37, 156 Crypto-Jews, 92

248 Index

cuisine, 41–47 Dalmatians, 202, 223 and Arabs, 46 and seafaring, 86 bigoli (coarse spaghetti), 43 Damascus, 11, 13, 35, 45, 50, 109, 120 calf’s liver, 44 Dandolo family, 53, 69 cod, 43 Davis, Robert, historian, 19, 95 duck, 8, 44 De’Rossi, Aretafila Savini, writer, 192 dumplings, 113 decline, as literary metaphor, 205 eel, 43 defense eggplant, 45 supervision, 56 Egyptian origins, 45 defloration, 166 game, 8, 41, 44 Deputazione di Storia Patria per le goulash, 113 Venezie, 207 Jewish origins, 45 Derelitti, Ospedaletto dei, 191, 219 Levantine, 45 dialect, Venetian, 191 mutton stew, 44 Dickens, Charles, writer, 193, 206 nervetti, 44 diet, 41 panada, 46 disease, 144 pevarada, 46 districts, 8, 12, 19, 27, 53, 55, 63, 95, 206, polenta, 42, 111 224 rice pudding, 43 Cannaregio, 5, 9, 19–20, 27, 40, 49, 90, risi e bisi, 43 93, 95, 117, 137, 206, 210 salami, 43 Castello, 19, 80, 95, 109, 204, 210 salted pork, 43 Dorsoduro, 5, 19, 95, 97, 206 saor, 44 Islanders, 20 Saracinesca sauce, 46 San Marco, 5, 19, 39–40, 48, 95, 206, 208 sardines, 43 San Polo, 19–20, 40, 95, 140 Spain, 44 Santa Croce, 5, 19–20, 27, 95, 196, spritzers, 113 206, 210 strudel, 113 working class, 211 sturgeon, 43 Dix, Otto, painter, 208 sweet and sour pork, 44 dogado, 4, 219 tripe, 44, 46, 48 Dogana, 195 veal cutlets, 113 dogaressa, 58, 219 vinegar as a preservative, 44 and ceremony, 58 wurst, 113 and guilds, 54, 58 culture lineage, 58 Arabic, 125 doge, 219 Greco-Latin, 125 authority, 55, 142 cupola/e, 219 Byzantine model, 51 curti. See patriciate: new families chancery, 60 Customs House. See Dogana corno (hat), 116 Cyprus, 11, 33, 37, 46, 65–6, 106, 114, 136, councillors, 55 139, 181 food offerings, 116 sugarcane, 46 investiture, 54 trade, 47 largesse, 116 Marriage to the Sea, 31, 193, 224 Dalmatia, 9, 31–32, 41, 43–4, 47, 49, 66, 76, origins, 4 119, 178 Doge’s Palace. See Palazzo Ducale

Index 249

doges entail, 73, 104, 172 Andrea Gritti, 137, 139, 146 entertainers, 187 Bartolomeo Gradenigo, 42 episcopate, 5 Domenico Michiel, 142 Erberia, 40 Domenico Selvo, 45 Esecutori alla Bestemmia, 157–8, 165–6, Francesco Foscari, 136 220 Francesco Morosini, 179 ethnicity, 41, 48–49, 77, 99 Giovanni Corner, 177 Etruscans, 3 Leonardo Loredan, 52 Europe, 27, 30, 34, 39, 41–42, 49, 61, 90–91, Lodovico Manin, 202 129, 151, 155–6, 187, 211 Marino Falier, 55, 143 Europe, northern, 11, 18, 24 Pietro Gradenigo, 54, 203 evangelism, 94, 159 Pietro Orseolo II, 29, 31 eyewitnesses Vitale II Michiel, 53 in legal investigations, 171 Dolfin, Zuanne, 137 Dolfin family, 140 fabbrica, 220 Dominante, La, 220 factionalism, 19, 77, 95, 97, 100, 127, Dominicans, 24 143, 177 Donà family, 69 Nicolotti and Castellani, 95 Donizetti, Gaetano, composer, 206 territorial boundaries, 96 dough makers, 41, 222 fairs, 187 doughnuts, 113 Sensa, 31, 187, 188, 193 dowries, 104, 110 Falier family, 24, 69 inflation, 69, 72, 105 family legislation, 69 behavior, 68–74 material goods, 109, 219 and capital accumulation, 70 purpose, 104 and social organization, 103 rules and regulations, 105 famine, 41, 45, 103, 111, 117, 144, 182, 219 women’s contributions, 72 prohibition of rich bread, 42 Drake, Francis, 187 fans, 198 drinking water, 27 fashion, 118 dye, 184 eighteenth century, 198 industry, 20 French, 198 plants, 33, 40, 118 and hierarchy, 49 porpora, 118 Fat Thursday, Carnival, 88, 90, 116 red, 35 Fauré, Gabriel, composer, 206 dyers, 50 Favretto, Giacomo, painter, 208 feasts, 117, 144 earthquakes, 157 All Saints’ Day, 95 ecclesiastical property, 156, 176, 182 Ascension Day. See feasts, Sensa Egina, 65 and confraternities, 88 Egypt, 11–12, 30, 33–37, 45, 49, 65, 78, 106, and music, 150 108, 113 La Salute, 45 sultanate, 65 Sensa, 31, 193, 224 Egyptians, 16, 41 St. Barbara, 56 embroiderers, 186 St. Mark, 43 Enlightenment, 180 Twelve Wooden Marys, 83 Ensor, James, painter, 208 Ferrari, Benedetto, entertainer, 189

250 Index

Ferraro, Joanne, historian, 100, 171 Fortini Brown, Patricia, art historian, Marriage Wars, 167 135, 137 finance Foscari family, 25, 136, 206 supervision, 53, 56 Foscarini, Antonio, 177 Finlay, Robert, historian, 67 Foscolo, Ugo, writer, 203 fish,3 , 5–6, 10, 34, 40–41, 43, 46, 48, 97, foundations of buildings, 26 117, 212 deterioration, 212 market, 40, 42 foundling homes. See Pietà, La varieties, 43 foundry, 27, 80, 90 fishermen, 20, 40, 49, 61, 95, 117, Fourth Lateran Council, 90 185, 204 France, 44, 76, 127–8, 151, 154, 159, 183, Nicolotti, 97 193, 202, 204 fist fights (pugni). See bridge battles revolution, 180 Flanders, 47, 49, 76 Francis II, Emperor of Austria, 203 flax, 49 Franciscans, 24, 156 floods, 211–13 Franco, Veronica, poet, 148–9 Florence, 9, 119, 129, 188 Family Letters to Different People, 148 flour, 40, 42, 113, 117, 165, 207 Franks, 4 fondaco/i, 11, 21, 65, 220 fraterne, 70, 72 dei Tedeschi, 21, 39, 48, 80, 94, Plate VIII Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, 13, 31 dei Turchi, 21, 207 frezzeria, 115 of the Seaborne Empire, 65 Friulan liturgical rite, 4, 156 Fondamenta Friuli, 1, 9, 26, 61, 64, 119, 178 degli Ormesini, 9, 49 inhabitants, 220 del Ferro, 40 wine, 47 del Vin, 40 fruits, 45 fondamenta/e, 220 Fruttaria, 40 Fonte, Moderata, writer, 122, 168, 172 furatole. See taverns sumptuary legislation, 122 furnishings. See home furnishings food. See also cuisine furriers, 40, 79 and bridge battles, 117 furs, 34, 110, 118 and civic ritual, 117 consumption, 41, 115 Gabriel family, 69 and feasts, 116 Gabrieli, Andrea, composer, 86, 149 geographical markers, 41 Gabrieli, Giovanni, composer, 86, and politics, 115 147, 149 preserved, 44 Galen, 183 prices, 182 Galilei, Galileo, mathematician, 152, 183 prohibitions, 116 galleys, 106 provisioning, 117 of convicts, 36, 66. See oarsmen, foods convicts minor, 42 merchant, 3, 36, 107. See also convoys footpaths, 9 passenger boats, 29 forests of war, 18, 36, 66 supervision, 56 Galuppi, Baldassare, composer, 191 forks. See piron/i gambling, 113, 157, 187, 196, 211, 220, 223 fortifications,10 , 21, 66, 183 gambling houses, 113, 193

Index 251

banning of women, 193 Giustizia Nova, 53, 84, 220 Caterina Dolfin Tron, 194 Giustizia Vecchia, 44, 53, 84, 220 Caterina Sagredo Barbarigo, 193 Gladys Krieble and Jean Paul Delmas Elena Venier, 193 Foundation, 214 Il Ridotto, 193, 194, 223 glass manufacture, 3–4, 9, 11, 20, 26, 31, Marina Sagredo Pisani, 193 43, 107–8, 115, 123, 130, 184, 187, 194, San Giuliano, 194 205, 207, 210 games, 78, 83, 99, 160, 193 glass shops, 213 ball, 79 Glixon, Jonathan, musicologist, 86, 150 gaming houses. See gambling houses godparents, 78 gastaldi, 84 Goethe, Johann, writer, 193 Gauls, 1, 3 gold, 4, 12, 16, 19, 30–31, 50, 86, 106, 111, gems, 108 115, 118, 121–2, 135, 137, 184, 198 gender, 49, 56, 80, 96, 99, 168–9, Golden Books. See Book of Gold 172, 173 Goldoni, Carlo, playwright, 97, 191–2 biases, 171 goldsmiths, 40, 108, 122 and clothing, 117 gondola, 8, 213 and rhetoric, 172 gondoliers, 78, 187, 206–7, 210 and social affiliation, 79 gossip, 99, 168, 171 Genoa, 32, 54, 68, 83, 89, 128 Gothic architecture, 11, 16–18, 25, Genoese, 37– 37, 162 27, 125, 129, 135–6, 140, 206, Gentile da Fabbriano, painter, 129 212, 221 German occupation, 211 Goths, 16 Germans, 9, 11, 48, 76, 79, 88, 159 – 60 Governatori delle Entrate, 220 Germany, 10, 76, 145 government Gerson, Jean, theologian, 153 communal, 16, 20, 24, 38, 53–5, 62, 74, Ghetto, 80 83–4 Napoleonic period, 203 dukedom, 62, 74 restricted transit, 92 La Signoria or Il Dominio, 62, 74 Ghetto Nuovo 80, Plates IX–X structure, 64 Ghetto Vecchio, 90–91 governors of territories, 64, 218 Giancarli, Gigi Artemio, playwright, 168 competencies, 65 Giants’ Staircase, 128, 223 Gozzi, Carlo, playwright, 191 Gibbon, Edward, writer, 187, 205 Gozzi, Gasparo, journalist, 192 ginger, 46 grain, 21, 35, 40–41, 111, 122, 181, Giorgio Cini Foundation, 213 204–5 Giorgione, painter, 131 prices, 65 Giornale d’Italia, 192 provisioning, 65 Giornale dei Literati d’Italia, 192 trade, 183 Giornale Encyclopedia, 192 grammar school, San Marco, 60 Giudecca, 11, 27, 39, 94, 158, 194–5, 207, granary at San Marco, 204 224 Grand Canal, 5, 8, 12, 18–19, 23, 25, Giudecca Canal, 145, 157, 207, 218 58, 95–6, 137, 140, 145, 159, 196, Giudice, Brenno del, architect, 210 206–7, 218 giudici, 220 artery of transport, 20 Giustiniani family, 52, 69, 189 Grand Chancellor, 60 Giustiniani, Bernardo, humanist, 2 Grand Tour, 206

252 Index

Great Council, 53, 56, 60, 64, 67, 69, 84, expansion, 176 152, 194, 202, 218 rivalry with Venice, 177 chamber, 131 Spanish, 138, 195 dissolution, 202 Harz Mountains, 40 First Closing, 55, 203 hawkers, 186 new admissions, 56, 178, 190 Hebrew language, 93 restriction of membership, 54 Heintz, Joseph the Younger, painter sale of membership, 74 Bull Hunt in Campo San Polo, 89 screening process, 56 Procession on Redemption Day, 146 Second Closing, 56 hemp, 20, 49, 111, 174, 185 Third Closing, 56 Henry III, king of France, 149 Great Hall, 21, 217 Heraklion, Crete. See Candia Greece, 11, 58, 66, 76, 129 heresy, 155, 158 Greek archipelago, 178 heretics, 94 Greek colonies of Venice, 35 hides, 106, 205 Greek language, 127 Hindu Kush, 38 Greeks, 3, 11, 16, 37, 41, 48, 75, 78–9, 84–5, history of Venice, 152, 192 108, 123, 179, 202, 220 as invention, 2, 128 Diaspora, 127 Hobbes, philosopher, 180 Grevembroch, Giovanni, fashion writer, Holocaust, 211 118, 123 Holy Land, 11, 29, 187 Grimani, Girolamo, procurator of San Holy Roman Emperor, 177 Marco, 137 Holy Roman Empire, 151, 159 Grimani family, 140, 156, 189 home furnishings, 49, 107–11, 123 Griselini, Francesco, journalist, 192 eighteenth century, 196, 197 Gritti, Andrea honey, 35, 45–7, 114 Romanization of public space, 139 honor, 59, 81, 83, 86, 99, 103, 121, 142, 150, Gritti family, 116 158, 172 Guardi, Francesco, painter aristocratic, 73 Feast of Maundy Thursday in family, 165 Venice, 175 women’s, 166 Guardi, Giovanni Antonio, painter, 194 horses of St. Mark, 15, 32, 203 Parlor of the Nuns at San Zaccaria, 163 Hotel Danieli, 206 Guariento di Arpo, painter Hotel des Bains, 209 Coronation of the Virgin, 131 Hotel Excelsior, 209 Guggenheim, Peggy, 208 Howard, Deborah, architectural historian, guilds, 9, 53, 58, 66, 77, 81, 83, 95, 159, 184 11, 16, 225 regulations, 84 humanism support of the military, 66 and political ideology, 61 women’s membership, 84 humanists, 2, 58, 60–61, 94, 97, 125–7, Gustav III, king of Sweden, 198 136, 172 educational program, 58 haberdashers, 84 on Venetian origins, 1 Haifa, 30, 35 Hungarians, 16 hair-dos, bleached, 198 Hungary, 34 handkerchiefs, 110 Hurlburt, Holly, historian, 54 Hapsburgs, 154, 179, 201, 205–6 hydraulic engineering, 183

Index 253

iconography Italian mainland, 89, 125 Annunciation, 128 Italian Peninsula, 2, 19, 61, 125, 127, 154, Archangel Gabriel, 128 166, 176 of aristocratic dwellings, 135 Italian regional states, 2 Justice, 16, 57, 132 Italian Wars, 66 Liberty, 57 political, 57 Jaffa, 30, 35 Queen of Heaven, 131 James, Henry, writer, 208 Virgin Mary, 152 Jerusalem, 11, 13, 127 virginity, 57 Jesuits, 156, 188, 190, 196 illegitimacy, 166, 170 jewelry, 3, 69, 103, 107, 198, 219 immigrants and sumptuary laws, 120 Jewish, 91, 161 Jewish nations, 41 Portuguese, 161 Jews, 11, 37, 41, 43, 48, 79, 86, 89, 92, immigration, 75, 106, 184 96, 105, 108, 123, 160, 170, 202, incest, 155 205, 211 Incurabili, Ospedale degli, 123, 158, 191 artistic culture, 93 India, 33, 38, 46, 112 and Carnival, 92 Indian Ocean, 33 charters, 89, 91–2 infanticide, 155, 171 cuisine, 45 infants dialect, 93 abandonment, 171 economic activities, 91 inflation, 144 expulsion from Spain, 69, 75 inns, 47, 53, 76, 187, 220 and Franciscans, 91 Inquisition from Portugal, 92 Roman, 157 from Spain, 92 Spanish, 91 games, 93 Venetian, 112, 148, 159–60, 189 hostelries, 92 Venetian, and witchcraft, 161 Italiani, 91 Interdict and lending, 90 of 1606–7, 140, 143, 156, 189, 195 Levantini, 91 inventories, 50, 110, 118, 123 marked clothing, 92 Ionian islands, 179 and new foods for Venice, 45 Ionian Sea, 32, 178, 219 physicians, 92 Iran, 34 Ponentini, 91 Iraq, 34 Portuguese, 182 iron industry, 185 religious practices, 93 ironmongers, 84 schole, 93, Plate X irrigation, 182 self-regulation, 92 Islamic architecture, 136 Spanish, 182 Islamic artifacts, 108 synagogues, 93 Islamic cities, 11 Tedeschi, 91 Islamic culture, 11–12, 16, 40–1, 50, 108, women, 93 130, 213, 225 journalism, 192 Islamic world, 11 justice Isnik ware, 109 administration, 53 Istria, 26, 47, 76 class bias, 173

254 Index

Kant, Emmanuel, philosopher, 180 Lido, 3–4, 10, 29, 31, 44, 211, 213, 221, King, Margaret, historian, 58 Plate XIV Klee, Paul, painter, 208 and Romanticism, 209 Klimt, Gustav, painter, 208 lineage Königsmarck, Otto Wilhelm, 179 and inheritance, 104 Koprulu, Ahmed, Grand Vizier, 179 linen, 30, 110, 122, 185 kerchiefs, 121 La Serenissima. See government: La veils, 120 Signoria or Il Dominio Lion of Saint Mark, 4, 55, 68, 116, 128, 203 Labia family, 178 Liszt, Franz, composer, 206 feasts and balls, 198 loans labor force, 184–5 forced, 22, 66, 82 lace, 97, 111, 118, 184, 187, 194, 198, 204, locanda, 221 207, 210 Locke, John, philosopher, 180 lagoon, 4, 8, 12, 28, 31, 41, 43–4, 49–50, 64, Loggetta, 139 75, 79, 95, 99, 117, 129, 177, 184, 202 Lombardo, Pietro, architect and sculptor, bedrock, 212 132, Plate VII climate, 10 Lombards, 4 and Romans, 1 of Venetia, 4 lamps, 109 Lombardy, 62, 176, 178 gas, 213 London, 37, 225, 228 Lando family, 136 Longhena, Baldassare Lane, Fredrick, historian, 84 Church of Santa Maria della Lantani, Antonio, music printer, 149 Salute, Plate XV lantern-bearers, 187 Longhena, Baldassare, architect, 141, 145, 195 latifundia, 220 longhi. See patriciate: old families Latin Kingdom, 33 Longhi, Pietro, painter, 199 Latin language, 60, 127 Carnival Scene, 98 Latins, 16 Il Ridotto, 194 Laven, Mary, historian, 73, 163–165, 227 The Pharmacist, 114 laws Lords of the Nightwatch, 20, 82 for the poor, 117 Loredan, Andrea, 137 lawyers, 159 Loredan family, 69 Le Court, Juste, sculptor, 196 Lotto, Lorenzo, painter, 131 lead, 184 Lucca, 50, 68 League of Cambrai, 66, 90, 128, 139 Luther, Martin, 94, 151, 159 leases, fictitious,182 Lutherans, 159 leather, 184 Luzzatto, Simone, scholar, 93 workers, 107 lending, 29, 68, 73, 90–2, 160, 182 Mackenny, Richard, historian, 84 Lent, 44, 154 Maffei, Scipione, journalist,192 Lepanto, Battle of, 67, 106, 149 magic, 155, 161 Levant, 11, 19, 21, 24, 33, 35, 40–41, 43, 49, Magritte, René, painter, 208 51, 54, 68, 76, 80, 81, 113, 119, 137, maiolica, 109, 221 182, 220 Syrian, 109 Library of Saint Mark’s, 127, 139, maize, 41–42, 111, 117, 175, 182 Plate XIII. See also Biblioteca malvasie. See wine, vendors Nazionale Marciana Mamluks, 11, 16, 33, 108, 225

Index 255

Manelli, Francesco, entertainer, 189 Masonic Order, 203 Manin, Daniele, revolutionary, 205 masquerades, 98, 193, 223 Manin family, 178 Massari, Giorgio, architect, 196–8 Mann, Thomas, writer, 208–9 material culture, 108 Mannerism, 139 material life, 176 Mantegna, Andrea, painter, 129 mathematics, 183 Mantua, 177 mattresses of wool, 110 manufactures, 20, 184 Mazzetti, Carpoforo, artist, 197 arms, 185 McGough, Laura, historian, 158, 165 Islamic, 109 meat Islamic imitations, 108 consumption, 44 rural, 187 hierarchy, 44 Marcello, Valerio, 58 turkey, 45, 113 Marghera Mecca, 37, 114 chemical industries, 212 medical school, 59, 183 oil refineries, 212 medicine, 122, 125 Margherita, queen of Italy, 208 medieval period, 150, 174 Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, 183 Mediterranean Sea, 19, 51, 186 Marinella, Lucrezia, writer, 122, 168 markets, 30 marital property, 169 Mehmed II, Sultan, 106 market, 40 Memmo, Andrea, 183 markets Memo, Foscarina, 100–1 fish,38 mendicant orders, 24 Rialto 97. See also Rialto market mendicante/i, 221 San Marco, 31, 97, 117 Mendicanti, Ospedale dei, 123, 191 marriage menuti. See foods: minor age at, 102 Mercerie, 9, 39, 95, 221 annulment, 167 mercers, 94, 159, 186 arranged, 170, 173 merchants, 11–12, 16, 21, 24, 27, 29, 31, 37, betrothal, 104 39, 42, 46, 48–49, 54, 59, 66, 75, 80, contracts, 104 84, 88, 91, 94, 100, 104, 108–9, 159, endogamy, 74, 104 165, 174, 181, 187, 191, 202 exogamy, 57 Armenian, 123 failed, 157 entering the patriciate, 181 forced, 167 Jewish, 75, 91 informal arrangements, 101 Ottoman Turks, 80 mésalliances, 100, 166 Mercury, 128, 139 patrician, 54, 59 meretrici. See prostitution religious significance,102 Messbarger, Rebecca, literary scholar, 192 restricted, 71, 73, 103, 170 Messina, Antonello da, painter, 130 separation, 78, 169 Mestre, 212 state interests, 102, 105 metallurgy, 185 Mars, 128 metals, 37, 40 Martin, John, historian, 94, 159 trade, 35 masks, 193, 213 metalwork, 108 bauta, 218 Islamic, 108 and gender, 97 Mexico, 112 and social class, 97 Michiel, Giustina Renier, historian, 205

256 Index

Michiel family, 24, 52 Muir, Edward, historian, 142, 144, 190 midwifery, 171 mulberries, 50, 175, 186 unofficial,161 Mulino Stucky, 207 Milan, 9, 19, 68, 116, 153, 177, 206 Municipal Council, Napoleonic Milanesi, 86 period, 202 military resources Murano, 1, 3, 9, 13, 20, 43, 108, 196, financial, 66 203, 205, Plates II & VII organization, 67 music, 187 millenarians, 94, 159 antiphonal choirs, 147 and literacy, 94 Baroque oratorio, 188 millet, 41–3, 117 Baroque revolution, 188 Minerva, 139 basso continuo, 188 mines conservatories, 191 supervision, 56 female ensembles, 191 mining, 185 for solo voice, 188 Minor Council, 53, 55 for the people, 150 and Signoria, 224 Franco-Flemish, 147 Mint, 7, 93, 139, 153, 222, 224 madrigals, 147 supervision, 56 opera, 191 Misserini, Giovanni Battista, 100–1 opera buffa, 190 Mocenigo family, 25, 69 polychoral, 147 Modena, Leon, scholar, 93 polyphonic, 147 Modone, 32, 65, 106, 221 sacred, 86 Mohammed II, Sultan, 129 Venetian School, 147 Molmenti, Pompeo, historian, 207 musical instruments Moluccas, 33 harpsichords, 149 monachization, 73 manufacture, 149 monastic vows, 172 organs, 149, 184 Monet, Claude, painter, 208 plucked, 149, 184 Palazzo Dario, 209 wind, 149, 184 moneylenders, 80 mythmaking, 125 Mongols, 34, 38 myths, 195 architecture, 16 birth of Venice, 127 Monteverdi, Claudio, composer, 149, 188 iconography, 127–42 Incoronazione di Poppea, 189 in opera, 189 Morea, 47, 106, 178–9, 221 islanders and land peoples, 95 Morosini, Francesco, admiral and doge, and music, 149 178–9 representation, 144 Morosini, Paolo, humanist, 61 saintly favor, 128 Morosini family, 24, 47, 52, 69 Serene Republic, 95, 144, 150 Mosque of St Athanasius, 16 St. Mark, 126 motherhood stability, 125, 151, 154 and betrothal, 101 and dowries, 105 Nauplia, 65 patrician, 56, 58 navigation channels, 53 motor launches, 213 navy, 10, 42, 107, 127, 178–9, 217 muda/e. See convoys Naxos, Battle of, 179

Index 257

Naxos, duchy of, 106 female singers, 191 Negroponte, 32, 65, 109, 179 Orseolo family, 31, 51 neo-classicism, French, 191, 204 Orthodox Christians, 170 neo-Gothic architecture, 207 ospedale, 11, 221 Neoplatonism, 147 Ossuna, Spanish viceroy, 177 Neptune, 128 osterie. See inns Netherlands, 151 otium, 221 Nevers, duke of, 177 Ottoman artifacts, 108–9 News on the Rialto, 214 Ottoman Empire Newton, Isaac, scientist, 183 and Jews, 92 Newtonianism, 193 Ottoman Turks, 9, 36, 41, 44, 48, 60, 66, Nicolotti, 117 68, 74, 76, 78, 79, 91, 97, 106, 109, 115, rivalries, 20 127, 139, 142, 151, 165, 174, 178–81, niello, 221 189–90, 193, 196 nobility and Byzantium, 75 and birth, 57 war with, 74 consciousness, 68 Normans, 29 Padua, 9, 61, 64, 76, 125, 152–54, 159, North Sea, 37 183, 192 notaries, 24, 60, 81, 83, 93, 104, 118, and mythmaking, 2 159, 165 University, 59 Nuremberg, 40, 48, 80 pageantry, 54, 127, 143, 146, 150, 154, nuts, 33, 44, 46, 114 189–90, 195 and Venetian identity, 142 oarsmen Palace of Justice, 16 convicts, 36 palazzi Dalmatians, 36 architectural styles, 136 of galleys, 36, 79, 108 Belloni-Battagia, 196 of gondole, 8 Ca’ Corner della Ca’ Grande, 137, 140 Greeks, 36 Ca’ Corner-Spinelli, 136 from neighborhoods, 66 Ca’ d’Oro, 18, 26, 135, 207, observatory, 183 Plate XI Occagna, Gottardo, music printer, 149 Ca’ Dolfin, 137, 140 oculus, 221 Ca’ Farsetti, 21, Plate III Oderzo, 3, 110 Ca’ Foscari, 26, 136, 211 offal. See cuisine, tripe Ca’ Grimani, 137, 138, 140 officeholding,68 Ca’ Loredan, 22 ogee arch, 221 Ca’ Pesaro, 196, 208 oil, 33, 40, 43, 47, 130, 205, 223 Ca’Rezzonico, 196–9 refineries, 210 Dandolo, 193 oligarchy, 52, 55, 67, 74, 144, 157, 180, Dario, 209 181, 195 Ducale. See Palazzo Ducale formation, 54 Giustiniani, 136 Orio family, 6, 20, 38, 53 Grassi, 196 Orlando di Lasso, composer, 147 Labia, 199 ormesin. See silk, varieties ornamentation, 135 orphans, 105, 118, 152 Sagredo, 197

palazzi (cont.) Patriarchate of Venice Vendramin-Calergi, formerly tribunal, , , – Loredan, , Plate XII patriciate, Venier dei Leoni, , aesthetic tastes, Palazzo Ducale, –, , , , , , and Aristotle, , Plates IV, VI, XIII attrition, Palestine, , bachelors, , Palladio, Andrea, architect, , , and bishoprics, , consumption patterns, Redentore, corruption, San Giorgio Maggiore, Plate XIV daughters, Villa Barbaro, Maser, education. , See also humanism and Palma the Younger, painter, humanists papacy, , , –, , families, paper industry, gerontocracy, , and noble investment, and humanism, Parabosco, Girolamo, playwright, intellectual development, , investments, parishes marital strategies, dell’ Anconetta, marriage contracts, della Maddalena, marriage legislation, San Angelo Raaele, merchants, San Barnaba, natural sons, San Bartolomeo, , , new admissions, , See Great Council: San Giacomo dell’ Orio, new admissions San Marcuola, new families, , San Maurizio, nurses, San Niccolò dei Mendicoli, , o ceholding, San Pietro di Castello, old families, , San Samuele, political consolidation, San Silvestro, , political correction, San Trovaso, , poor members, , , , Sant’Agnese, See also Barnabotti Sant’Anna, rich and poor, , , Sant’Apostoli, , schisms, , Santa Maria Formosa, , sexual behavior, Santa Marta, social networks, and social life, sons, – Parthenon, Syrian families, Participazio family, , tutors, pasta, dried, Young Party, , –, , , paternity, , patriarch patriciate, women Aquileia, duties, Constantinople, enclosure, , Venice, , , , fashion, Patriarchal Archives, kinship ties,

Index 259

Pauline Order, 158 Pisani, Giorgio pawnbrokers, 91 reformer, 180 pearls, 120 Pisani, Pier-Vettore, procurator of San peasants, 117, 183, 185 Marco, 112 Pechstein, Max, painter, 208 Pitati, Bonifacio de’, painter peddlers, 186 Apparition of God the Father, 126 pedestrian hubs, 9 plague, 27, 73, 75, 103, 106, 117, 122, 142, Peloponnese, 35, 66, 175, 178, 219, 221 145, 154, 157, 166, 177–8, 186, 195 Pepin, 4 doctor, 77 pepper, 112, 114 iconography, 196 black, 45 Po Persia, 16, 34, 44–6 Delta, 3 Persian Gulf, 38, 46 River, 10, 39, 43, 51, 60 Persians, 16 Valley, 61 Petizion, Giudici di, 221 podestà, 222, See governors of territories Petrarch, Francesco, humanist, 1, 125, 147 Polani, Pietro, 52 Pezzolo, Luciano, historian, 53 Polani family, 24 pharmacies, 113 police, 53, 181 pharmacists, 85, 108 political ideologies, 125 pharmacopeia, 33, 37, 186 pollution, 28, 212 philanthropy, 117, 153, 212 Polo, Marco, 38, 50 philosophy, 125 Polo brothers, 38 physicians, 81, 83, 85, 88, 90, 104, 108, 122, pompe, 222 159, 165, 171 popes physiocrats, 182 Alexander III, 13, 31 piano nobile, 221 Clement VIII, 153 piazza, 222 Julius II, 62 Piazza San Marco, 12, 17, 20, 31, 41, 54, Paul, 206 83, 95, 99, 115, 129, 139, 143, 145, 176, Paul V, 153 202, 204, 208 Urban IV, 143 Napoleonic Wing, 204, Plate XV popolani, 24, 77, 150 political space, 143 popolo, 222 Piazzale Roma, 213 population, 19, 77, 186 Piazzetta della Giustizia. See Piazzetta San figures, 106, 182, 215–16 Marco porcelain, 109, 121, 193, 222 Piazzetta San Marco, 16, 132, 139, 144, 177, pork, 44, 116 Plate XIII salted, 43 Picasso, Pablo, painter, 208 Port of the Maidens, Caorle, 83 pictorial tradition Port of Venice, 185 Tuscan, 129 Porta della Carta, 16, 17, 18, 132 Pien Collegio, 63, 222 portatori. See porters Pietà, Ospedale della, 166, 171, 191 portego (salone), 21, 222 pilgrims, 29, 187 porters, 40, 222 Piovego, Giudici del, 19, 53, 222 portico, 222 piracy, 30, 83, 93, 174, 177–9 Portugal, 44, 76 piron/i, 45, 109 and Jews, 91 Pisani family, 156, 178 Portuguese, 113

260 Index

Post Office, Plate VIII di Comun, 87 poveri vergognosi, 119, 222 Sopra Beni Inculti, 222 Povolo, Claudio, historian, 67 Sopra Monasteri, 157 Pozzo, Modesta, writer. See Fonte, Pteleos, 65 Moderata public health, 204, See also Sanità priests public prosecutor, 53 education, 155 publishers, 85, 94, 159 election of, 155 Puccini, Giacomo, composer, 191 family roles, 169 Puglia, 113 parish, 82 pugni, 222 primogeniture, 104, 172 printers, 76, 88, 94, 107, 146, 159 Quarantia Criminal. See Council of Forty French and Savoyard, 159 Queller, Donald, historian, 67 printing, 93, 112, 127, 146, 159, 184, 186 Querini, Gerolamo, Patriarch of Venice, 155 industry, 76 Querini, Mario, 55 Priuli, Girolamo, diarist, 74 Querini family, 69 Priuli family, 47 Querini Stampaglia Foundation, 213 processions, 95, 140, 187, 190 Querini-Tiepolo Conspiracy, 55, 143 Corpus Christi, 134, 143 Querino, Angelo, 180 great confraternities, 143 Quirini, Lauro, humanist, 127 June 15, 143 La Salute, 145 Ragusans, 177 marching order, 143 railway, 206 and public punishment, 144 rain gutters, 27 Procuratie, 222 raisins, 43 Procuratie Nuove, 115, 139, 204–5 ramo/i, 223 procurator, 222 rape, 32, 103, 155, 167, 224 Procurator, Giudici del, 104, 170, 222 Rapp, Richard, historian, 174 Procurators of Saint Mark, 118, 129, 131, Ratisbon, 48, 80 188, 222 Ravenna, 3–4 professions, 83 Byzantine capital, 1 Prokofiev, Sergei, composer, 191 Byzantine churches, 3 Proprio, Giudici del, 110, 170, 222 Exarchate, 3 prostitution, 48, 76, 80, 118, 120, 157, 161, real estate, 21, 24, 51, 68, 73, 111, 164, 173, 187, 190, 219 182, 213 material display, 165 reclamation of land, 182–3 and panegyrists, 155 redentore, 223 and shelters, 145 Regensburg, 40 and sin, 165 regional state and syphilis, 155, 165 economy, 175 protectionism, 183–4 formation, 61 Protestant Reformation, 94, 151 governance of, 62, 65, 201 proto-industry, 186 justice, 65 Proust, Marcel, writer, 193, 208 manufactures, 184 provveditore/i, 222 and protectionism, 65 Provveditori resources, 182 alle Pompe, 120, 165 taxation, 65

Index 261

urban councils, 65 market, 12, 20, 38–40, 44, 78, 99, 117, relics, 4, 12, 32, 126, 187 207, 213 of Saint Mark, 12, 128 nineteenth-century development, 208 Saint Nicholas, 29 prostitution, 165 Saint Roch, 145 taverns & inns, 47–48, 160 veneration, 144 rice, 43, 113, 175 religion rio, 5, 223 and artisans, 94 rio terrà, 223 and heresies, 94 ritual, 12, 54, 56, 71, 73, 88, 95, 97, religious policy 100, 117, 143, 152, 160, 176, temporal independence, 152, 156 190, 224 religious wars, 153 Marriage with the Sea, 31 Renaissance objects, 144 architecture, 212 penitential, 145 classical style, 130, 136, 140, 207 sacred, 146 culture, 125 Sensa, 31 discursive tradition, 192 riva, 223 musical style, 149 Riva painting, 130 degli Schiavoni, 47, 49 palaces, 137 del Olio, 40 period, 1, 150, 174 del Vin, 40, 193 principles of painting, 129 Rivoalto, 3–4, 51 Roman, 135 roadway to Venice, 211 and Roman ancestry, 28 robbers, 187 Tuscan, 137 Rococo style, 176 Renoir, Auguste, painter, 208 Rodriga, Daniel, Jewish consul, 92 renovatio, 223 Rogati. See Council of Pregadi Republic of 1848, 91, 205 Romagna, 61 Republic of Venice Roman Church fall, 178, 202 pageantry, 188 residence patterns, 80 Roman Empire, 1, 29 retailers, 186 eastern, 4 revenues of state, 66–7, 178, 194, 222 western, 4 mainland, 67, 178 Romania, 29, 33, 47 and taxation, 66 Romanin, Samuele, historian, 205 and war, 66 Romano, Dennis, historian, 88 Rezzonico family, 178, 196 Romans, 1–2, 43, 127 feasts and balls, 198 Rome, 2, 19, 129, 135, 143, 156, 161 Rialto ancient period, 189 bakeries, 42 Byzantine churches, 3 banks, 107 and Catholic-Reformation, 195 bridge, 39, 128, 206 collapse of, 128 commercial hub, 20, 23, 25, 38–40, 50 Counter-Reformation art, 195 endowed lectures, 59 foundations, 2 financial agencies, 38 in iconography, 132 handicraft guilds, 83 model of classicism, 123, 136–7, island, 3, 5, 39, 95, 159 139–40, 189

Rome (cont.) salt, , , , , –, , , Mussolini, as a preservative, papal power, , , –, supervision, and Piazza San Marco, San Giorgio, island, Plate XIV political models, sanctity, sack of, , , Sand, George, novelist, Rore, Cipriano, composer, sandalo da s’ciopo, , Rosand, Ellen, musicologist, Sanità, , , , Rossetti, Balthazar, Sanmicheli, Michele, architect, Rossetti, Carlo, – Rossini, Giacomo, composer, Palazzo Grimani, rough play, Sansovino, Francesco, humanist, Rousseau, Jacques, philosopher, Sansovino, Jacopo, architect, Royal Gardens, Ca’ Corner della Ca’ Grande, ruga, Church of San Geminiano, Ruga, Giants’ Staircase, Doge’s Palace, degli Oresi, Library of Saint Mark’s, , Ruggiero, Guido, historian, , Plate XIII Ruskin, John, writer, Loggetta, –, Gothic revival, Mint, Plate XIII urban deterioration, Roman Renaissance style, – rye, , Santorio, Santorio, scientist, Sanudo, Marino, diarist, , Sacca San Girolamo, Sanuto (Ve. Sanudo) family, sagomatore/i, sapienti, sailors, , , , , Sarai, saints, Sardi, Giovanni, architect, Augustine, Sardi, Giuseppe, architect, Barbara, Sargent, Paul, painter, Demetrius, Sarpi, Paolo, Servite monk, , Dominic, anti–Roman Church, Francis, biography, George, counselor of the Republic, Isidore, – Save Venice, Justina, Savii Lorenzo Giustiniani, agli Ordini, Mark, , di Consiglio, , Nicholas, di Terra Ferma, Roch, , Grandi, Theodore, , , , savio/ii, Ursula, Savoy, , salami, – Savoyards, Salieri, Antonio, composer, Scala dei Giganti. See Giants’ Staircase salizzada, Scalfarotto, Giovanni, architect, Salizzada San Lio, , , Scamozzi, Vincenzo, architect, salone (portego). See portego (salone) Library, Plate XIII salons, , Schiavone/i, ,

Index 263

Schiele, Egon, painter, 208 and land reclamation, 183 Schola Italiana, Plate X and Quarantia Criminal, 223 scholars and Redentore Church, 140 Greek Orthodox, 80 anti-Roman faction, 140 Schubert, Franz, composer, 206 Serenissima, 224 Schuman, Robert, composer, 206 Serlio, Sebastiano, architect, 139 Schutte, Anne, historian, 161, 172 servants, 78, 169 sciences, 125, 154, 192 sestieri. See districts Arab, 183 sewage system, 6 and University of Padua, 183 sex crime, 172 scientists, gentlemen, 184 sexual behavior, 103 Scola, Giovanni, scholar, 183 sexuality Scully, Sally, historian, 161 regulation of, 172 sculpture of women, 172 Lombard, 136 shields and armor, 108 Tuscan, 136 shipbuilders, 18, 96 scuola/e, 223 shipbuilding, 11, 18, 20, 22, 83, 99, 179, Scuole 184, 205 Albanesi, 27 shipping Carità, 27, 84, 132, 204 industry, 182 Greci, 27 regulations, 31 of the innkeepers, 48 ships, oceangoing, 186 Misericordia, 27, 84, 86 shoes, high-heeled. See zoccoli San Giorgio degli Schiavoni, 27, 84, 85 Sicily, 31, 106, 178, 186 San Giovanni Evangelista, 27, 84, 129, Siena, 16, 68 134, 143 Signac, Paul, painter, 208 San Marco, 27, 84, 132, 204, Plate VII Signori di Notte, 224 San Rocco, 27, 84, 142, 145 Signoria, 55, 63, 177, 224 San Teodoro, 27, 84 and Pien Collegio, 222 scuole grandi, 27 and Quarantia Criminal, 223 scuole piccole, 27, 88 Sile River, 10 sea biscuits, 42–43 silk, 38, 49 Sea of Japan, 34 and Anatolia, 50 Seaborne Empire and Persian Gulf, 9 governance of, 65 bedcovers, 110 seapower berets, 122 Dutch, 174 carpets, 108 English, 174 and China, 50 French, 174 fans, 198 Hanseatic, 174 global market, 107 secretaries, 181 home furnishings, 196 seduction, 103, 220 hoods, 97 Selva, Giannantonio, architect, 204 and Iran, 50 Senate, 53, 55, 60, 63, 67, 70, 90, 92, 115, industry, 107, 136, 184–5, 205 118, 145, 153, 156–7, 177, 180, 219, linings, 120 222, 224 origins, 49 and Galileo Galilei, 183 Ottoman influence, 109

silk (cont.) Somascan Order, and patrician wives, sorcerers, and Persian Gulf, sottoportego, , processes of manufacture, souvenirs, raw, Spain, ribbons, and Holy League, , sleeves, invasions of Italy, socks, moroccan shoes, stockings, Muslim, summer dress, and syphillis, thread, trade, throwsters, Spalato, , trade, – Sparta, varieties, –, spectacle, , , , , , , wall paper, , weavers, , spelt, – , Silk Road, , Sperling, Jutta, historian, –, , Silk Route. See Silk Road , Sinope, spezieri. See apothecaries slaves, Spice Islands, –, capture, spices, , , –, and Cornaro family, from Acre, household, and culinary revolution, male, inventories, trade, , , jars, Slavs, , , Levantine, smuggling, and the poor, soap, , , , , routes, Soccorso, , sacchetti veneti, social class, , –, , , , , trade, , –, , , , triaca, and judicial process, and the wealthy, social networks, from the Yucatan, socialization Spinelli family, at confraternity halls, spinners, at guilds, spinsters, at hospitals, Sporades Archipelago, modes, squero, at the parish, Stampa, Gaspare, poet, soda ash, State Archives, –, Soldaia, , State Attorneys, , –, , , , Soli, Giuseppe Maria, architect , Napoleonic Ballroom, State Inquisitors, , Solomon Stazio of Massagno, Abbondio, artist, in iconography, , Stazione Marittima, Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, Stendhal, , stick battles,

Index 265

Stile Liberty Art Movement, 210 Tartars, 16 stockings taverns, 40, 47–48, 53, 76–77, 82, 84, 94, 99, Padua, 185 115, 117, 139, 160, 187, 217, 220 Verona, 185 tax farmers, 182 stonemasons, 22, 107 taxation, 55, 66, 91, 117, 123, 185 Strada Nuova, 207 Austrian, 203–4 strazzarie. See clothing, used indirect, 65– 7 street names, 9 revenue, 176 Strozzi, Giulio, composer, 189 of seaborne empire, 66 Strozzi, Ruberto, 147 supervision, 56 studioli, 108–9 Tedesco/chi, 224 stupro. See rape Tenedo, 65 sugar, 33, 37, 42, 47, 114, 181, 193 Teodora, princess from Arabic origins, 46 Constantinople, 45 candy, 114 Teotochi Albrizzi, Isabella, and chocolate, 112 saloniste, 203 and India, 46 terracotta, 186 as a laxative, 46 Terranova, 41 and macaroni, 46 Tessalonika, 65 and Marco Polo, 38 textiles, 123 as a medicine, 113 and Asia, 49–50 molds, 116 Dutch, 107 refiners, 47, 107, 184 English, 107 Sullam, Guido, architect, 210 and hierarchy, 49, 110 Sullam, Jacob, 162 Ottoman influence, 109 sumptuary legislation, 50, 116, 164–5, 222 as social markers, 49 of 70, 121 varieties, 49 violations, 121 theater, 187, 190 surgery, 183 stage scenery, 191 sweet and sour, 44 theaters, 189, 191 Swiss cantons, 151 La Fenice, 191 swordsmiths, 9, 94 Novissimo, 190 Synagogue, Italian, Plate X San Cassiano, 189 syphilis, 154, 158, 166 San Giovanni e Paolo, 190 in Venice, 165 San Moisè, 190 Syria, 11, 33, 38, 49, 65, 106, 108–9, 181 San Salvador, 190 flower designs,49 Theatines, 156 and sugar, 46 Thebes, 34 thread, 185 tabarri. See clothing, cloaks gold and silver, 50 tableaux, 143, 156 tides, 3, 6, 9–10, 53, 212 Tabriz, 38 Tiepolo, Baiamonte, 55, 203 tailors, 84, 86, 94, 108, 159, 186 Tiepolo, Domenico, painter, 198 Tana, 65, 78 Tiepolo, Gian Battista, painter, 199 Tarabotti, Archangela, writer, 172 Tiepolo, Giandomenico, painter, 203 biography, 164–5 Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, painter, and enclosure, 163 198, 199

266 Index

Tiepolo, Maria Francesca, archivist, 85 turkey. See meat: turkey timber, 3, 11, 24, 30, 40, 174, 187, 205 Turks, 16, 40, 43 industry, 185 Turner, William, painter, 208 trade, 40 typhus, 154 Tine island, 178 tyranny Tintoretto, Jacopo Robusti, painter, 131, paternal, 163 132 Tyre, 30 Conquest of Constantinople in 1204, 30 Fellows of a Confraternity, 87 Ulm, 40 Miracles of St. Mark, 132 Umberto I, king of Italy, 208 Sala delle Quattro Porte, 131 underwear, 110 Titian (Tiziano Vecellio), painter, 131 UNESCO, 212 Portrait of a Woman Known as La University of Padua, 59, 111, 125, 147, 152, Bella, 119 154, 159, 183, 207 Presentation of the Virgin, 132 intellectual currents, 189 tobacco industry, 205 University of Venice, 213 tomatoes, 113 Uskoks, 174, 176 Tommaseo, Niccolò, revolutionary, 205 usury, 182 topo, 8, 224 tour buses, 213 vadimone/i, 105, 224 tourist industry, 41, 176, 187, 191, 193, 201, Vadori, Annette, writer, 202 206, 208, 210, 213 Val Iperina, 185 and culture, 187 Van Ranke, Leopold, historian, 205 medieval, 29 vanilla beans, 113 and Venetian economy, 187 vaporetti, 207, 213 trade routes, 32–33, 36–37 Vecchi, Orazio, playwright, 168 traghetto/i, 8, 213, 224 Vecellio, Cesare, fashion writer, 118, 123 transportation by water, 8 Vendramin family, 189 travasadori. See bottlers venereal disease, 158 treasury, 53 Venetia, 2–3, 10 Treaty of Karlowitz, 179 Venetian mainland, 43, 62–63, 65, 68, 108, Trebisond, 65, 78 125, 130, 156, 176, 181, 183, 222 Trent, 151 Veneto, 1, 10, 50, 62, 182, 185, 203, 205, trentaccie, 53 207, 210 Trentino, 1, 76 Veneto-Byzantine architecture, 3, 21, 24, Treviso, 61 27, 212 Trieste, 179, 182, 205 Veneto-Saracenic objects, 108 and shipping industry, 203 Venezia, Paolino di, Franciscan, 59 Trimignon, Alessandro, architect, 196 Venice Tripoli, 108 Christian associations, 2 Trojans, 1 city map, 7 Tron, Andrea, 180 cityscape, 213 Tron, Niccolò, textile manufacturer, 185 civic ideology, 73 Tron family, 189 construction, 5 Troy, 61 cultural legacy, 213 Tunis, 106 and deities of antiquity, 2 Turchette, 9 economy, 174, 181, 186, 204, 205

Index 267

a European state, 174 Vivaldi, Antonio, composer, 190–1 iconography, 131 Volga River, 38 landscape photo, 8, Plate XVI Voltaire, Françoise-Marie, philosopher, morphology, 9, 212 180, 192 as new Rome, 139 origins, 2, 4 Wagner, Richard, composer, 206 relative economic decline, 184 warehouses, 220, See also fondaco/i restoration, 212 agricultural products, 50 Roman associations, 2 grain, 31, 42 sinking foundations, 212–13 sea biscuits, 42 territorial base, 2 wine, 40 the tourist magnet, 213 wars unification with Italy, 207 Austrian Succession, 179 Venice in Peril, 212 Austro-Prussian, 205 Venier, Domenico, 149 Chioggia, 83, 89 Venier, Maffio, writer,148 Ferrara, 61 Venier family, 69 Genoa, 56, 68 Venus of Religion, 151 in iconography, 132 Spanish Succession, 67, 179 Verdi, Giuseppe, composer, 206 Thirty Year’s, 177 Verona, 10, 16, 26, 64, 68, 76, 196 World War II, 211 Veronese, Paolo, painter, 113, 116, 131–2 water Allegory of Justice before Venice carriers. See acquaroli Enthroned, 134 power, 185 Feast in the House of Levi, 152 supervision, 56 Venice Receiving the Ducal Horn, 133 wax, 35, 122, 184 Vesalius, 183 weavers, 50, 79, 84, 159, 186 Via 22 Marzo, 207 silk, 159 Via Eugenia. See Via Garibaldi Welch, Evelyn, historian, 47 Via Garibaldi, 204 wells, 26–27, 99 Via Vittorio Emmanuele II. See Strada wheat, 31, 37, 41–43 Nuova Whistler, James, painter, 208 Vicentine province, 180 Widmann family, 178 Vicenza, 47, 61, 76, 185, 196 widows Victor Emmanuele II, king of Italy, 207 dress, 120 Vienna, 40 pizzoccheri, 120 Villa Monplaisir, Lido, 210 Willaert, Adrian, composer, 86, 146 villas and estates, 108, 135, 184, 196 wills, 50, 78, 93, 110, 169 Barbaro, Maser, 107 wine, 43–44, 47 Pisani, Strà, 198 barrel quality, 47, 117 Virgin Mary, 56, 88, 127, 145, 157, 195 Friuli, 47 and city founding, 57 Malvasia, 47 representing Venice, 73 sweet, 35 virginity, 57, 73, 155, 158, 173, 221 trade, 33, 53, 84, 220 and iconography, 190 varieties, 47 loss of, 166 vendors, 40, 47 and political ideology, 57, 72 white, 47

268 Index

witchcraft, 172 Bergamasc, 184 as career option, 161 coarse, 49, 123 women fulling, 185 “Century of Women,” 192 importation, 184 charismatic, 161 industry, 107, 184 and the fashion industry, 186 Ottoman influence, 109 and manufacture, 186 summer clothing, 122 and mining, 186 Wordsworth, William, poet, 201 and modesty, 120 occupations, 76 Zan, Giovanni de, architect, 85 ornaments, 121 Zannini, Andrea, historian, 186 patrician gift exchange, 73 Zante/Zakynthos, 224 patrician inheritance Zara, 32 laws, 69 Zarlino, Giuseffo, composer, 147 patrician widowhood, 70 Zattere/rafts, 145, 224 and poverty, 190 Zecchin, Vittorio, painter, 208 and priests, 161 zecchino, 19, 224 and proto-industry, 186 Zen, Francesco, 137 and raw silk, 50 Zeno, Apostolo, journalist, 192 and salons, 192 Zeno, Renier, 154, 177 sexuality of, 163 Ziani family, 24, 53 and scientific academies,192 Zitelle Periclitanti, 158, 221 and spirituality, 161 zoccoli, 50, 198 and sumptuary legislation, 120 Zonta, 224 and textile production, 49 of Council of Ten, 56, 219 wool, 35, 37, 47, 75, 110, 123 of Senate, 55, 139