DOCSLIB.ORG

Geoffrey Lewis the Turkish Language Reform a Catastrophic Success

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geoffrey Lewis the Turkish Language Reform a Catastrophic Success Oxford LINGUISTICS The Turkish Language Reform A Catastrophic Success Geoffrey Lewis THE TURKISH LANGUAGE REFORM The Turkish Language Reform A Catastrophic Success GEOFFREY LEWIS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Geoffrey Lewis 1999 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lewis, Geoffrey L. The Turkish language reform: a catastrophic success / Geoffrey Lewis, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). 1. Turkish language—Reform. 2. Turkish language—History. I. Title. PL115.L47 1999 494'-35—dc2i 99-24289 ISBN 0-19-823856-8 13579 10 8642 Typeset by Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Bookcraft (BathJJJfiUJ^idsomer Norton Acknowledgements To all the many friends who supplied me with material, my deep gratitude. Most of them said that if I criticized the language reform too harshly they would not mind a bit. My especial thanks to Fuat M. Andie, Emre Araci, Cigdem Bahm, Ruth Davis, Sitki Egeli, fjiikrti Elchin, Selim ilkin, Iverach McDonald, Andrew Mango, Bengisu Rona, and Ali Suat Orguplii. Contents Abbreviations Note on the Text 1. Introduction 2. Ottoman Turkish 3. The New Alphabet 4. Atatiirk and the Language Reform until 1936 5. The Sun-Language Theory and After 6. Atay, Ata<;, Sayili 7. Ingredients 8. Concoctions 9. Technical Terms 10. The New Yoke 11. The New Turkish 12. What Happened to the Language Society References General Index Index of Words, Phrases, and Suffixes Abbreviations [A] Arabic ATD Ataturk ve Turk Dili (Ankara: TDK, 1963) AKDTYK Atatiirk Kiiltiir, Dil ve Tarih Yiiksek Kurumu AODTC Ankara Oniversitesi Dil Tarih-Cografya Fakiiltesi DLT Diwan Lugat al-Turk [F] French [G] Greek JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of London [M] Mongolian OT Old Turkic [P] Persian TBMM Tiirkiye Biiyuk Millet Meclisi TDK Tiirk Dil Kurumu TDTC Turk Dili Tetkik Cemiyeti TL Tiirk Lirasi (Turkish lira) TTK Tiirk Tarih Kurumu Note on the Text Turkish words under discussion are in italic unless there is no possibility of con¬ fusion with a similar English word. Words from other languages, as well as book titles, are also shown in italic, likewise words of Arabic or Persian origin in some of the quotations, words of native origin being in roman. An [A], [P], [F], [G], or [M] after a word shows its origin as Arabic, Persian, French, Greek, or Mongolian respectively; [PA] after a two-word phrase means that the first word is of Persian origin, the second Arabic. Square brackets are also used (a) to enclose the author’s comments within translations of quotations, (b) to cite the original wording where the full text is not included (which happens rarely, only when there is nothing particularly noteworthy about the Turkish), and (c) round surnames later assumed by people who come into the story before the Surnames Law of 1934. Logic would demand that the founder of the Republic should be called Mustafa Kemal (or just Kemal, which he preferred) until the story comes down to the time of that law; nevertheless he is sometimes referred to anachronistically as Atatiirk, the name by which he is best remembered. In transliterations of Arabic and Persian words, c stands for the sound of English ch; d for English th in this; gfor English j; g for Arabic ghayn, the gargling sound of the Parisian and Northumbrian r, h for kh as in Bukhara; j for French j; s for English sh; t for English th in think. (In the Chaghatay passage quoted in Chapter 2 I have followed Levend’s transliteration; he uses f and $, not c and s.) While most references to Turk Dili, the Turk Dil Kurumu’s monthly journal, are by volume number and page, some give the number or date of the individual monthly part, because volume numbers were not always shown and because the pagination was not always cumulative, so that a volume may contain, say, a dozen pages numbered 27. The aim has been to make the references clear, though not necessarily consistent. A pair of forward strokes encloses a representation of pronunciation, for which ordinary characters, not the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet, are used: /gyavur/. An asterisk preceding a word shows it to be a hypothetical form. OT stands for Old Turkic, Turkic (the current Turkish for which is Turk! [A]) being the unattractive but generally accepted term for the family of which Turkish, the language of Turkey, is a member. The term Old Turkic is properly applied to languages of the family from the eighth to the tenth century, while the period from the eleventh to the fifteenth century is Middle Turkic. I beg the reader’s indulgence if on occasion I have misapplied ‘OT’ to a Middle Turkic word. 1 Introduction This book has two purposes. The first is to acquaint the general reader with the often bizarre, sometimes tragicomic, but never dull story of the Turkish language reform. The second is to provide students of Turkish at every level with some useful and stimulating reading matter. With both purposes in mind, no word, phrase, or sentence of Turkish has been left untranslated, apart from names of books and articles, as it is assumed that the reader who wishes to chase up bibli¬ ographical references will understand the meaning of the titles. The second purpose accounts for the references to the author’s Turkish Grammar and for the abundance of footnotes and digressions. The language reform is not so well known abroad as other aspects of the Kemalist revolution because, having lasted for more than half a century, it is not the stuff of which headlines are made, but its effects are evident if we compare the Turkish of today with that of even thirty years ago. Not a few nations have gone in for linguistic engineering. By this I mean tinkering with language with the express purpose of changing people’s speech habits and the way they write. I am not referring to the introduction of new words for technical innovations such as vaccination, radar, or the modem, or to the creation of new non-technical words by individuals intending to amuse or to express ideas for which they find no words in the existing language. The names that come to mind in these last two categories are, on the one hand, Lewis Carroll, on the other hand, James Joyce, and, in the middle, the American Gelett Burgess, whom we have to thank for the word blurb. In his Burgess Unabridged: A New Dictionary of Words You Have Always Needed (1914), he defines it as T. A flamboyant advertisement; an inspired testimonial. 2. Fulsome praise; a sound like a publisher.’ An earlier (1906) success of his had been to popularize bromide, previously meaning a sedative, in the sense of a boringly trite remark. He gives as an example: ‘It isn’t the money, it’s the principle of the thing’, and points out that what makes it a bromide is not just its triteness but its inevitability. He was by no means the first such benefactor of human¬ ity; there was, for example, the unknown seventeenth-century genius who combined dumbstruck and confounded to make dumbfounded. Nor was he the last; the earliest recorded appearance in print of guesstimate, later guestimate, was in 1936, in the New York Times, and such inventions keep coming. During the Gulf War of 1991 we were reminded by an American general of the existence 2 Introduction of bodacious, apparently a combination of bold and audacious, first recorded in British English in 1845. These, however, are not what I intend by linguistic engineering. I mean the sort of deliberate campaign that has been carried out at various times by Germans, Swedes, Hungarians, Finns, and Albanians, among others, for nationalistic reasons, to purge their languages of foreign words and substitute native words for them. In lands of German speech the encroachment of French began at the end of the sixteenth century. The first stirrings of protest came a century later, although clearly with no effect on King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia (1713-40), to judge by his celebrated declaration to his nobles: ‘Ich stabiliere die Souverainet6 wie einen Rocher de Bronze.’ The modern German vocabulary shows the results of another such campaign, with Fernsprecher and Kraftwagen replacing the international Telefon and Auto, though the latter two have staged a comeback.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Turkish Language As a Politicized Element: the Case of Turkish Nation-Building
    GeT MA Working Paper Series No. 15 2018 Turkish Language as a Politicized Element: The Case of Turkish Nation-Building TOLGA SEVIN GeT MA Working Paper Series Department of Social Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin www.sowi.hu-berlin.de/getma [email protected] TOLGA SEVIN GET MA WP 15/2018 GeT MA Working Paper Series Published by the German Turkish Masters Program of Social Sciences (GeT MA), Department of Social Sciences at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Papers in this series are the final theses of GeT MA graduates. Publication in this series does not preclude a later publication elsewhere. The views expressed in the GeT MA Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the GeT MA Program or of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. The copyright stays with the author(s). Copyright for this paper: Tolga Sevin Please cite in the following format: Sevin, Tolga (2018): Turkish Language as a Politicized Element: The Case of Turkish Nation-Building. GeT MA Working Paper No. 15, Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. [online] Homepage: Edoc Server Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. URL: http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/getmaseries Corresponding authors: Tolga Sevin, Master of Social Science, German Turkish Masters Program, Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin. Tolga Sevin, born in Ankara, studied at Bilkent University, Middle East Technical University, and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin. He lives in Berlin. This thesis is dedicated to Müfit Kulen.
    [Show full text]
  • LI Lt.R ARY EUROPEAN COMMUNITY INFORMATION SERVICE
    COUNCIL OF EUROPE COUNCIL FOR CULTURAL CO-OPERATION AND CULTURAL FUND LI lt.R ARY EUROPEAN COMMUNITY INFORMATION SERVICE. WASHINGTON, D. C. ANNUAL REPORT 1966 STRASBOURG 1967 This report has been prepared by the Council for Cultural Co-operation in pursuance of Article V, paragraph 4, of the Statute of the Cultural Fund, which requires the Council to " transmit an annual report on its activities to the Committee of Ministers, who shall communicate it to the Consultative Assembly ". It has been circulated as a document of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe under the serial number : Doc. 2.235. CONTENTS Page Introduction CHAPTER 1 - Cultural Activities .. .. .. ...... ............ CHAPTER 2 - Higher Education and Research ............. CHAPTER 3 - General and Technical Education .... .. ..... CHAPTER 4 - Out-of-School Education . .... ... ...... .. CHAPTER 5 - Film and Television ....................... CHAPTER 6 - Major Project, Modern Languages ........... CHAPTER 7 - Documentation Centre for Education in Europe .. APPENDICES APPENDIX A - List of participants ....................... APPENDIX B - Structure of the Directorate of Education and of Cultural and Scientific Affairs ..... ..... ...... .. .. APPENDIX C - Reports, publications and material for display .. APPENDIX D - Programme financed by the Cultural Fund in 1966 . .... ....... .... ... ...................... APPENDIX E - Programme to be financed by the Cultural Fund in 1967 .... .. ............. ..... .. .............. .... APPENDIX F - Balance-sheet of the Cultural Fund as at 31 st December 1966 ................. .................. INTRODUCTION The year 1965 had marked the entry of the work of the Council for Cultural Co-operation into a new phase with the definition of a cultural policy of the Council of Europe, the modification of the mandate of one of the Committees, the creation of a new Permanent Committee, and an important expansion in the Directorate of Education and of Cultural and Scientific Affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Yolunu Kendi Kazan Bir Yolcu: Türk Hukuku Tarihçisi Sadri Maksudi Arsal*
    YOLUNU KENDİ KAZAN BİR YOLCU: TÜRK HUKUKU TARİHÇİSİ SADRİ MAKSUDİ ARSAL* Fethi Gedikli** A Passenger Who Did His Own Way: Sadri Maksudi Arsal, a Turkish Legal Historian ÖZ Bu yazıda, Türkiyede “Türk Hukuk Tarihi” disiplininin kurucusu ve ilk tedris edeni Tatar Türklerinin lideri, Kazan doğumlu Sadri Maksudi Arsal’ın hayatının ana nok- talarına, ölümünden sonra hakkında yapılan anma toplantılarına ve hakkında yazılan yerli ve yabancı bazı kitap ve makalelere, İstanbul Hukuk Fakültesindeki faaliyeti, hukukçuluğu ve hukuk tarihçiliği ele alınacaktır. Devlet adamı, siyasetçi, hukukçu, tarihçi, dilci ve milliyet nazariyatçısı bir sosyolog, çok dilli âlimler nesline mensup, dünyanın yıkılışını ve yeniden yapılışını birkaç kaz görmüş bir şahsiyet olarak bugün de yaşamını sürdüren ve her an hakkında konuşulan ve yazılan bir üniversite hocası- nın Türk Tarihi ve Hukuk kitabı ekseninde hukuk tarihçiliği daha yakından mercek altına alınmıştır. * 26.04.2011 günü “Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinde Hukuk Tarihi Semineri”nde sunulan tebliğin metnidir. Bu metin, daha önce İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, C. 70, S 1 (2012) s. 399-412 arasında yayınlanan yazımızın gözden geçirilmiş ve bazı küçük ekler yapılmış halidir. a Başlıktaki tanımlama Arsal’dan mülhemdir. “Türk Tarihi ve Hukuk” adlı kitabının önsözünde (s. 3) şöyle demektedir: “Bu şartlar içinde ‘Türk Hukuku Tarihi’ profesörünün vaziyeti, gideceği yolu da kendisi yaparak seyahat eden bir yolcunun durumuna benziyordu”. Daha önce Ahmed Sela- haddin “Tarih-i İlm-i Hukuk” üstüne yazdığı bir yazıda, hocası Mahmud Esad Efendi’yi, benzer şekilde “reh-i nâ-refteye gitmekten tehâşi etmiyor” (“gidilmemiş yola gitmekten çekinmiyor”) diye övmüştü. Bkz. Ahmed Selahaddin, “Kitâbiyât: Âsâr-ı Şarkiyeden: Tarih-i İlm-i Hukuk”, Darulfünûn Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, Sayı.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy
    ALTAIC AND CHAGATAY LECTURES Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Altaic and Chagatay Lectures Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Edited by István Zimonyi Szeged – 2021 This publication was supported by the ELTE-SZTE Silk Road Research Group, ELKH Cover illustration: Everyone acts according to his own disposition (Q 17,84, written in nasta’liq) Calligraphy of Mustafa Khudair Letters and Words. Exhibtion of Arabic Calligraphy. Cairo 2011, 35. © University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies, Printed in 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by other means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the author or the publisher. Printed by: Innovariant Ltd., H-6750 Algyő, Ipartelep 4. ISBN: 978 963 306 793 2 (printed) ISBN: 978 963 306 794 9 (pdf) Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. 11 ŞÜKRÜ HALÛK AKALIN On the Etymology and Word Formation of Arıbeyi ‘Queen Bee’: How did the Female Bee Become Bey ‘Male Ruler’ in Turkish? ....................... 15 KUTSE ALTIN The Reconstruction of the Motives and Activities of the Last Campaign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ........................................................ 21 TATIANA A. ANIKEEVA The Tale of the Epic Cycle of “Kitab-i Dedem Korkut” in Turkish Folklore of the 20th Century ................................................................... 43 İBRAHIM AHMET AYDEMIR Zur Typologie von „Small Clauses” in modernen Türksprachen ........................ 51 LÁSZLÓ BALOGH Notes on the Ethnic and Political Conditions of the Carpathian Basin in the Early 9th Century ........................................................... 61 JÚLIA BARTHA Turkish Heritage of Hungarian Dietary Culture .................................................. 71 BÜLENT BAYRAM An Epic about Attila in Chuvash Literature: Attilpa Krimkilte .........................
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Lewis 1749.Indd
    GEOFFREY LEWIS Geoffrey Lewis Lewis 1920–2008 I. Life PROFESSOR GEOFFREY LEWIS LEWIS, a pioneer in Turkish Studies in Britain and an internationally admired scholar in the fi eld, was born in London on 19 June 1920. He received his schooling at University College School in Hampstead, following which, in 1938, he went up to St John’s College Oxford to read Classics. Having sat Honour Moderations in the spring of 1940, he joined the Royal Air Force in September of that year and served until 1945: he qualifi ed for his BA by War Decree and subsequently received his MA in 1945. At some point during his study for Honour Mods, his Latin tutor, sensing that he was getting stale, suggested that he take up Turkish as a hobby—it seems that the choice of Turkish came to him on the spur of the moment. Geoffrey took it seriously, however, and the opportunity to act on it came when he was posted to Egypt as a radar operator. He made contact with an elderly Turk in Alexandria, through whom, and through the painstaking comparison of classic English texts with their Turkish translations—these culled from the bookshops of London and sent to him by his wife, Raphaela, whom he had married in 1941—he taught him- self Turkish. Returning to Oxford in 1945, and by now wholly won over to Turkish, he consulted the Laudian Professor of Arabic, [Sir] Hamilton Gibb, FBA, who welcomed the prospect of expanding the curriculum in Oriental Studies to include Turkish but recommended that Geoffrey read for the BA in Arabic and Persian as essential background to the serious study of Turkish historically as well as in its modern form.
    [Show full text]
  • ALPAMYSH Central Asian Identity Under Russian Rule
    ALPAMYSH Central Asian Identity under Russian Rule BY H. B. PAKSOY Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research Monograph Series Hartford, Connecticut First AACAR Edition, 1989 --------- ALPAMYSH: Central Asian Identity under Russian Rule COPYRIGHT 1979, 1989 by H. B. PAKSOY All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paksoy, H. B., 1948- ALPAMYSH: central Asian identity under Russian rule. (Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research monograph series) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) Includes index. 1. Soviet Central Asia--History--Sources. 2. Alpamish. 3. Epic Literature, Turkic. 4. Soviet Central Asia--Politics and Government. I. Title. II. Series. DK847.P35 1989 958.4 89-81416 ISBN: 0-9621379-9-5 ISBN: 0-9621379-0-1 (pbk.) AACAR (Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research) Monograph Series Editorial Board: Thomas Allsen (TRENTON STATE COLLEGE) (Secretary of the Board); Peter Golden (RUTGERS UNIVERSITY); Omeljan Pritsak (HARVARD UNIVERSITY); Thomas Noonan (UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA). AACAR is a non-profit, tax-exempt, publicly supported organization, as defined under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, incorporated in Hartford, Connecticut, headquartered at the Department of History, CCSU, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050. The Institutional Members of AACAR are: School of Arts and Sciences, CENTRAL CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY; Nationality and Siberian Studies Program, The W. Averell Harriman Institute for the Advanced Study of the Soviet Union, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY; Mir Ali Shir Navai Seminar for Central Asian Languages and Cultures, UCLA; Program for Turkish Studies, UCLA; THE CENTRAL ASIAN FOUNDATION, WISCONSIN; Committee on Inner Asian and Altaistic Studies, HARVARD UNIVERSITY; Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, INDIANA UNIVERSITY; Department of Russian and East European Studies, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA; THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, WASHINGTON D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Bibliography
    Turkish Bibliography Reference Grammars Deny, J. 1921. Grammaire de la langue turque. Ernest Leroux, Paris. von Gabain, Annette. 1974. Alttürkische Grammatik. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. Golstein, B. 1997. Grammaire du turc. L’Harmattan, Paris. Halasi-Kun, T. 1916. Türkische Grammatik. Sammlung Göschen, Berlin. Kissling, Hans-Joachim. 1960. Osmanish-türkische Grammatik. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. Kononov, A.N. 1956. Grammatika sovremennogo tureckogo literaturnogo jazyka. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. Kornfilt, Jaklin. 1997. Turkish. Routledge, London. Lewis, Geoffrey L. 1967. Turkish grammar. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Németh, J. 1962. Turkish grammar. Mouton, The Hague. [bew. van Halasi-Kun 1916] Swift, Lloyd B. 1963. A reference grammar of Modern Turkish. Indiana University Publications, Bloomington. Underhill, Robert. 1976. Turkish grammar. MIT Press, Cambridge. Vaughan, Thomas. 1709. A grammar of the Turkish language. J. Humfreys, London. [facsimile edition: Menston, 1968] Monographs and Dissertations Adamovic, Milan. 1985. Konjugationsgeschichte der Türkischen Sprache. E.J. Brill, Leiden. Aygen, Gülşat. 2002. Finiteness, case, and clausal architecture. Dissertation, Harvard University. Dietrich, Ayşe Pamir. 1997. Towards a syntactic characterization of passives, ergatives and middles in Russian and Turkish. Dissertation, Cornell University. Erguvanlı, Eser Ermine. 1984. The function of word order in Turkish grammar. University of California Press, Berkeley. Erkü, Feride. 1983. Discourse pragmatics and word order in Turkish. Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Foster, Joseph F. 1970. On some phonological rules of Turkish. Dissertation, University of Illinois. Göksel, Aslı. 1993. Levels of representation and argument structure in Turkish. Dissertation, University of London. Johanson, Lars. 1971. Aspekt im Türkischen: Vorstudien zu einer Beschreibung des türkeitürkischen Aspektsystems. Almqvist och Wiksell, Stockholm. Kardeştuncer, Aino E. 1982. Theoretical implications of Turkish vowel harmony.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relation Between Translation and Ideology As an Instrument for the Establishment of a National Literature Nüzhet Berrin Aksoy
    Document generated on 10/01/2021 3:36 p.m. Meta Journal des traducteurs Translators' Journal The Relation Between Translation and Ideology as an Instrument for the Establishment of a National Literature Nüzhet Berrin Aksoy Volume 55, Number 3, September 2010 Article abstract The relation between translation and ideology is an example of a concrete case URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/045064ar for a nation’s struggle to take its place in the modern world. In the early years DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/045064ar of the Turkish Republic, established by M. Kemal Atatürk and his followers after the Turkish War of Liberation (1919-1923), the dominant state ideology See table of contents focused on a full-scale enlightenment and development initiative on all levels of society. The conditions which created the Renaissance and the spirit of humanism in the West were taken as a model and translation became one of Publisher(s) the main instruments for the establishment of a modern society and a national literature following many reforms in education and language. This paper Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal investigates how the state ideology manipulated translation, and its effects on the emergence of modern Turkish Literature. ISSN 0026-0452 (print) 1492-1421 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Aksoy, N. B. (2010). The Relation Between Translation and Ideology as an Instrument for the Establishment of a National Literature. Meta, 55(3), 438–455. https://doi.org/10.7202/045064ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2010 This document is protected by copyright law.
    [Show full text]
  • Prof. Dr. Hasan Eren' N Türkçen N
    Türkbilig , 2009/18: 194-209. PROF. DR. HASAN EREN’İN TÜRKÇEN İN SÖZVARLI ĞI ÜZER İNE YAPTI ĞI ÇALI ŞMALARDA ET İMOLOJ İK PRENS İPLER * Pa şa YAVUZARSLAN ** Özet: Türk dilinin sözvarlı ğı üzerine yaptı ğı bilimsel çalı şma ve etimolojik denemelerle, Türkiye ve Dünya Türkolojisine adını duyuran Prof.Dr. Hasan Eren, hem Türklük bilimine hem de Macar dilbilimine çok büyük katkıları olmu ştur. Macaristan’da Budape şte Üniversitesi Türkoloji bölümünü bitiren H. Eren, ö ğrencilik yıllarında Türk dilinin sözvarlı ğında yer alan sözcükler üzerine etimolojik denemeler yapmaya ba şlamı ştır. Doktora ö ğrenimini Macaristan’da tamamladıktan sonra Türkiye’ye dönen Hasan Eren, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Co ğrafya Fakültesinde Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Hungaroloji ve Rus Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümlerinde ders vermi ştir. Bilimsel çalı şmalarının büyük bir bölümünü, Atatürk’ün kurdu ğu Türk Dil Kurumu’nda gerçekle ştirmi ş ve Türkçe Sözlük ’ün hemen hemen bütün baskılarında çalı şmı ştır. Hasan Eren’in bilimsel çalı şmalarının konusunu, Türk dilinin sözvarlı ğında yer alan sözcükler olu şturmu ştur. Tarihî ve ça ğda ş Türk lehçelerindeki pek çok sözcü ğün bilimsel etimolojisini yapmı ş, Türk dilinin sözcükleri üzerine yapılan yerli ve yabancı etimolojik denemeleri ele ştirmi ş ve düzeltmi ştir. Yaptı ğı etimolojik denemelerde modern filolojinin ilklerinden uzakla şmamı ş ve Türk etimoloji biliminin temelini ve ilkelerini sesbilimi, biçimbilimi ve anlam biliminin yasalarına ba ğlamı ştır. Bu yazıda H. Eren’in Türkçenin sözvarlı ğı üzerine yaptı ğı etimolojik çalı şmalardaki prensipler ortaya çıkarılmı ştır. Böylece bundan sonra, Türkoloji sahasında yapılacak etimolojik denemelerde hangi bilimsel ilkelerin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekti ği ortaya konulmu ş oldu.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on Niğbolu Sandjak (1479-1483)
    DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA: A CASE STUDY ON NİĞBOLU SANDJAK (1479-1483) A Master’s Thesis By NURAY OCAKLI DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA JULY 2006 DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA: A CASE STUDY ON NİĞBOLU SANDJAK (1479-1483) The Institute of Economic and Social Sciences of Bilkent University By NURAY OCAKLI In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA July 2006 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. Prof. Dr. Halil İnalcık Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. Asst. Prof. Dr. Evgeny Radushev Examining Comitee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in History. Asst. Prof. Dr. Hasan Ünal Examining Comitee Member Approval of the Institute of Economic and Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA: A CASE STUDY ON NİĞBOLU SANDJAK (1479-1483) Nuray Ocaklı M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Halil İnalcık June 2006 This thesis examines demographic structure and settlement patterns of Niğbolu Sandjak in the the last two decades of the fifteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Civilization of Tribes and Nomads, the Ancient Capital of Cultural Tourism of Iran: a Case Study in Central Plateau of Iran
    European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2014; www.european-science.com Vol.3, No.4 Special Issue on Architecture, Urbanism, and Civil Engineering ISSN 1805-3602 Mobile Civilization of Tribes and Nomads, the Ancient Capital of Cultural Tourism of Iran: A Case Study in Central Plateau of Iran Hamideh Beigi1*, Mohammad Hossein Ramesht1, Mehri Azani2 1Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographic and Planning Science, University of Isfahan, Iran; 2Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Mobile civilization is the oldest method of human living, which survival to the present is among the biggest attractions of this way of living. Nomadic tribes, over the centuries and for many years, attempted to preserve their traditions and customs in an incredibly attractive manner and this originality has become an attraction for the tourism industry. Strategic location and climatic conditions in Iran and especially its center of civilization namely the Central Plateau of Iran, underlies the various nomadic tribes and their flourishing culture. In this paper, with the aim of promoting tourism industry in Iran, we review the existing library documents and field research and investigate the cultural tourism attractions of the nomadic tribes of the central Plateau of Iran and introduce their tangible and intangible cultural assets. Keywords: Mobile Civilization, Tangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Cultural Tourism, Central Plateau of Iran Introduction Mobile civilization is among the earliest forms of social life which has survived since the first times of formation of human social life. Historical investigations attribute the development of mobile civilization to 5,000 years ago (Isfahani Salahi, 28: 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Alphabet and Language Revolution and It’S Potential Impacts in Historical Process
    IMPLEMENTATION OF ALPHABET AND LANGUAGE REVOLUTION AND IT’S POTENTIAL IMPACTS IN HISTORICAL PROCESS Asistant. Prof. Dr.Alev Duran İstanbul Aydın University Associate Prof. Dr. Zafer TANGÜLÜ Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University Introduction Turks used different alphabets throughout history, they started to use the Arabic alphabet with the adoption of Islam and this alphabet has been used in a very wide geography for a long time. During this period, some important intellectuals in the Turkish world argued that the Arabic alphabet was not in accordance with the Turkish phonetics, and suggested various ideas to change or improve. Towards the end of growth of the Ottoman Empire, as in many areas of the West, the developments in science-technology and education could not be followed and the education continued in the hands of non-qualified people caused the Ottoman education system to be deprived of the requirements of time. Although some western-style reforms have been attempted in education since the end of the eighteenth century, these initiatives have led to the emergence of a dual educational system and have continued to do so until the state collapses. After winning the War of Independence and proclamation of the Republic, reforms were initiated in various fields in order to bring the Turkish society to the level of contemporary civilization, to remove the obstacles against the progress of the country and to create a secular and national structure. Innovations in the field of education, one of them, have become inevitable. For this purpose, fundamental changes in all areas of education and training have been made from primary school term to university term in Ataturk period.
    [Show full text]