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A Preliminary Study of the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Tarim

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A Preliminary Study of the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Tarim ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Zitteliana - Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Histor. Geologie Jahr/Year: 1982 Band/Volume: 10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Heng-Ren Yang, Tian-Fu Tang, Xiu Lan, Lan-Ying Hu, Cong-Liu Yu, Yi-Yong Zhang, Shi-Lan Zhong, Jing-Ming Wei Artikel/Article: A preliminary study of the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Tarim Basin (South Xinjiang, China) with special reference to its transgressions 115-121 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 115 Zitteliana 10 115-121 München, I. Juli 1983 ISSN 0373-9627 A preliminary study of the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Tarim Basin (South Xinjiang, China) with special reference to its transgressions By YANG HENG-REN, TANG TIAN-FU, LAN XIU, HU LAN-YING, YU CONG-LIU, ZHANG YI-YONG, ZHONG SHI-LAN*) & WEI JING-MING**) With 2 text figures and 1 plate ABSTRACT Western Tarim Basin, S. Xinjiang is one of the most impor­ The Late Cretaceous faunal assemblages in this area belong tant regions for study of marine Cretaceous in China. The to the Eastern Mediterranean Subprovince of Tethyan Realm. Upper Cretaceous strata are widespread and well developed On the whole, they show the same features as those in the with about 500 m thickness. They are composed of two Central Asia of USSR. The seawater from Tethys sea having transgression cycles and contain a great variety of fossils, invaded at least twice eastward the Tajik Basin in Central Asia more than ten groups in total. of USSR entered into the Western Tarim Basin by way east­ ward of the Alai mountain valley. KURZFASSUNG Das Tarim Becken in Süd-Xinjiang (NW-China) ist eines Ostmediterranen Subprovinz der Tethys; sie zeigen große der wichtigsten Gebiete zur Untersuchung der marinen Ähnlichkeit zu gleichalten Ablagerungen im zentralasiati­ Kreide Westchinas. Die Oberkreide ist weitflächig aufge­ schen Teil der USSR. Das Meer aus der Tethys griff minde­ schlossen und erreicht 500 m Mächtigkeit. Die Abfolge zeigt stens zweimal ostwärts über das Tajik Becken (Zentralasien, 2 Transgressions-Zyklen und enthält eine reiche Fauna mit USSR) hinaus und gelangte nach Osten über die Alai-Ge- Vertretern aus mehr als 10 Gruppen. Die Oberkreide Fau- birgs-Furche bis in das westliche Tarim Becken. nen-Vergesellschaftungen gehören paläobiogeographisch zur INTRODUCTION Situated in Northwestern China the Western Tarim Basin is ment stratigraphical and paleontological sequences, naming one of the most important regions for the study of marine formations and looking into the problem of transgressions. Cretaceous strata in China, where the Upper Cretaceous is According to previous authors, the Upper Cretaceous con­ widespread and dominated by marine sediments. Over the sists ascendingly of such formations as Kukebai, Wuyitake, past two decades, various prospecting teams from the petro- Yigeziya and Tuyilouke, characterized mainly by terrigenous geological departments have made contributions to the classi­ clasts, carbonate rocks and evaporites, in association with fication and correlation of the Upper Cretaceous, establish­ plenty of bivales, ostracods, foraminifera, gastropods, serpu- loidea, ammonites, echinoids, brachiopods, bryozoans, di­ no flagellates, calcareous algae and sporo-pollen, some of *) Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, which, however, have not yet been studied. The Kukebai Chi-Ming-Ssu, Nanjing, China; **) Exploration and Development Research Institute, Xinjiang Pe­ Formation yields fossils in great abundance, and the Yigeziya troleum Administration, Urumchi, China. Formation comes next. In the Wuyitake Formation occurs 116 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at sporo-pollen, while in the Tuyilouke Formation appear only This paper was the results from a field investigation during fragmentary remains. As a result of our study, it is suggested the summer of 1980 in such counties as Ulugqat, Yengisar and that the ages of the above formations are Cenomanian, Tura­ Yarkant in southern Xinjiang (Fig. 1). Flere is a brief account nian, Turonian-Senonian, Senonian-Maastrichtian and Maa- of the Upper Cretaceous biotic aspects as well as its trans- strichtian respectively. gresions. STRATIGRAPHY etc., known from the Cenomanian-Turonian in Central Asia, USSR; dinoflagellates Cyclonephelium vanophorum D avfy, etc., known mainly from the Cenomanian in Britain and Canada. Besides, the rich sporo-pollen characterized by the Interulobites-Taurocusporites assemblage, which is chief­ ly composed of Schizaeoisporites spp., Interulobites spp., and Taurocusporites spp., and is especially predominated by Pteridophyta most probably of Cenomanian age. The age of the above-mentioned fossils tends to be Cenomanian and, consequently, the Lower Member of the Kukebai Formation is regarded as the Cenomanian. Upper Member: On the basis of the lithofacies and biotic assemblages, this member, attaining a total thickness of 83,87 m, is subdivisible into two parts. The lower part con­ sists of grey Ostrea-limestones, while the upper part is com­ posed of dark grey mud stones intercalated with biomicrites, yielding very abundant fossils, some of which such as ammo­ nites, gastropods, etc., are present only in a few beds. The bi­ valves in the lower part are represented mainly byOstrea de- Fig. 1. Location of study area in Western Tarim lettrei C oquand , forming a coquina bed, known from the Basin, S. Xinjiang. Turanian in Central Asia, decreasing upward in numbers and replaced by plenty Trigonia (Korobokovitrigonia), Trigonar- cd, etc., the former being found from Barremian-Turonian in Central Asia, Algeria, Spain and other countries, while the In W Tarim Basin, the Upper Cretaceous is widely distri­ latter from the Upper Cretaceous in India, Africa, Europe buted along the foot of southern Mt. Tianshan and Mt. Kun­ and America respectively. The ammonites represented here lun. The strata, about 500 m thick, are well exposed and di­ by Thomasitcs occurs widely in the beds of Tethyan region stinct in sequence. Generally, there is an extensive spread of generally thought to be early Turanian, with records from fossil groups with a remarkable vertical variation. Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Spain, southeastern France, Based on lithology and fossils, the Upper Cretaceous may Nigeria and Turkestan. The ostracods assemblage containing be divided into four formations, commonly conformable Schuleridea atraxa M andelstam et A ndreev , “Cytherettinel- with each other. The stratigraphical sequence in ascending Id" mandelstami A ndreev , Alatacythere turonica (M andel ­ order is as follows: stam), “Tetisocypris” procerdformis (M andelstam ), “Bron- Kukebai Formation. This formation conformably steiniana" sp., etc., known from Turanian in Central Asia of overlies the continental Lower Cretaceous Kezelesu Group, USSR., also shows similarities to those in Egypt and other which may be subdivided into two members. coastal Mediterranean countries. Gastropods such as Helicau- lax securifera (F orb.) is found front the Cenomanian-Turo­ Lower Member: This member, 93,61 m thick, may be sub­ nian in India. Dinoflagellates Odontochitina operculata divided into four parts: grey whitish fine sandstones at the (W etzel), is known as the zonal fossil from Campanian in E base, variegated silty mud stones, mud stones intercalated Canada and Texas of USA. Sporo-pollen characterized by with dolomites and gypsums in the lower part; grey biomicri- Trisolissporites-Crdnwellia assemblage contains mainly Schi­ tes in the middle and dark grey mud stones intercalated with zaeoisporites spp. and Trisolissporites spp., etc., in which the dolomites in the upper. At the very base an imprint of marine quantity and species of Angiosperm were on the increase, bivalesAnadara was found for the first time. In the middle suggesting an age of Turanian. Judging from ammonites and and upper part there occur abundant fossils, including fora­ other fossils, it is preferable to assign the Upper Member of minifers Orientalia exilis B ykova, etc., commonly known Kukebai Formation to the Turanian age. from the Cenomanian in Central Asia of USSR.; bivalves Rhynchostreon and Planocaprina (Akeche section) etc., Wuyitake Formation: This formation, 87,11 m thick, known from the Cenomanian-Turonian in Asia, Europe and may be subdivided into four parts: grey greenish, dark brown America, and from the Albian-Cenomanian in Mexico and argillaceous siltstones and silty mud stones intercalated with other countries respectively; ostracods “Cytherettinella", thin-and thick-bedded gypsums in the lower part; white © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 117 Transgression Lithology Main Fossils — Regression Brown reddish sandstones-conglo- — —: 1 menâtes and sandstones mtercala- ~ . 0~ Ted with gypsums LZC Brown reddish , grey limestones aEZI TSJ E £ I Pmk limestones intercalated Btradiohfesw>th boldjuanensts, Oscu//gera TZF II» rudist limestones Paijenborchella cf. as/af/ca , 10 "öronste/n/ana sp. d T ~ ~ E o i r 5 c o C l a T ~ l Pink limestones TZ TZJ c N i d o <u T ~ ~ [ cn c y 0) Grey grey greenish limestones, in / ETT/ - y dolomites and rudist lime­ stones intercalated with grey -I. r 1 g . greenish mud stones Variegated siltstanes Dark purple mud stones intercalo ted with gypsums White thick bedded gypsums Grey greenish ,dark
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