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Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) De Colombia

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Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) De Colombia ReyesBiota Colombiana 1 (2) 177 - 186, 2000 Corals of Colombia - 177 Polillas Satúrnidas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) de Colombia Angela R. Amarillo-S. Fundación Nova Hylaea, A.A. 52656 Santafé de Bogotá-Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Saturniidae, Colombia, Heterocera, Lista de Especies, Satúrnidos La familia Saturniidae es una de las 124 familias del Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural, Universi- grupo de los “Heterocera” que comprende cerca de 147,415 dad Nacional de Colombia, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia especies. Se trata de lepidópteros de gran tamaño, con cer- (ICN-MHN); Museo Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, ca de 1300 especies, 850 de ellas distribuidas en el neotrópico Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia (MUJ). (Scoble 1992). La Región Andina posee la mayor diversi- dad (35,5% de las especies) y unos 200 casos de endemismo Sistemática (Lemaire 1978). Los satúrnidos se caracterizan por poseer antenas cuadripectinadas o bipectinadas en los machos y La familia Saturniidae fue descrita en 1837 por Boisduval; bipectinadas o filamentosas en las hembras, alas con orna- en 1922 Jordán realiza la primera revisión elevando el grupo mentos discocelulares arriñonados, triangulares u ovales, al rango de superfamilia, incluyendo las familias Saturniidae algunas veces hialinos; ausencia de frénulo en las alas pos- y Ceratocampidae, con Saturniinae, Agliinae y Ludiinae en teriores y de probóscide. la primera familia y Arsenurinae y Ceratocampinae en la segunda. Posteriormente Draudt [1929-1930], reubica nue- La información suministrada en este escrito ha sido recopi- vamente al grupo como una familia y a sus dos familias lada de varias fuentes bibliográficas: Lemaire (1976, 1978, como subfamilias. 1980, 1982 y 1987) y Amarillo (1997). Se suministra por pri- mera vez un listado de especies de Hemileucinae para el En 1931, Bouvier habla de saturnoides «aberrantes», país. Hasta el momento los registros estaban dispersos en Oxytenidae y Cercophanidae, y «normales» reagrupados la literatura y otros han sido tomados directamente de co- en tres familias: Saturniidae, Sysphingidae y Hemileucidae. lecciones revisadas por la autora. Se registran en total 185 Posteriores estudios realizados por Turner (1947), especies distribuidas en 46 géneros. Bourgogne (1951) y Michener (1952) ubican la familia den- tro de la superfamilia Bombycoidea dividiéndola en siete Colecciones visitadas subfamilias: Rhescyntinae, Citheroniinae, Agliinae, Hemileucinae, Ludiinae, Salassinae y Saturniinae, concep- Colección de Entomología, Facultad de Agronomía, Uni- ción aceptada hasta el momento, no obstante algunas mo- versidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafé de Bogotá, Colom- dificaciones: Rhescyntinae y Citheroniinae como bia (CFAUN); Colección de Entomología Francisco Luis subfamilias de Arsenurinae y Ceratocampinae respectiva- Gallego, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Co- mente (Lemaire 1978). lombia (CFLG); Colección de entomología de la Corpora- ción de Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia En 1986 y con base en un análisis filogenético, Minet (CIB); Colección Personal de Luis Miguel Constantino, Cali, reasignó las familias Oxytenidae y Cercophanidae como Colombia (CPMC); Colección Taxonómica Nacional «Luis subfamilias de Saturniidae, constituyéndose Oxyteninae en María Murillo» CORPOICA Tibaitatá, Santafé de Bogotá, el linaje más primitivo. Balcázar & Wolfe (1997), plantean Colombia (CTNLMM); Colección de entomología Univer- que pese a considerarse Oxytenidae la subfamilia mas sidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia (CUN); Colección de plesiomórfica dentro del grupo, sus orugas poseen estruc- entomología Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia (CUV); turas muy especializadas, como los «scoli» viscosos, re- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colom- sultando difícil determinar la homología de este carácter. bia, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia (FABUN); Instituto de Biota Colombiana 1 (2), 2000 178- Polillas Saturniidae de Colombia Amarillo-Suárez En este escrito se trabaja con la clasificación presentada Hemileucinae: Ampliamente distribuida en el neotrópico, por Heppner (1996), donde Saturniidae está conformado comprende la subfamilia con mayor número de especies por siete subfamilias: Agliinae, Ludiinae, Salassinae, (cerca de 600), la mayoría con manchas ocelares en los dos Saturniinae, Hemileucinae, Ceratocampinae, y Arsenurinae, pares de alas, algunas solamente en las posteriores y otras las cuatro últimas representadas en toda América. únicamente en las anteriores. Machos con las antenas cuadripectinadas y filamentosas en las hembras. Orugas Agliinae: Subfamilia constituida por tres especies. Dos del con tubérculos largos con ramificaciones espinosas. La sur oriente chino y la tercera de Japón, semejante a pupa hace un capullo de seda, hojarasca y suelo. Hemileucinae. La oruga presenta largos cuernos torácicos en los estadíos iniciales que desaparecen en el último. La Ceratocampinae: Subfamilia con aproximadamente 170 es- pupa forma un capullo (Michener 1952). pecies y ampliamente distribuida en el neotrópico. De gran porte, con el cuerpo grueso y en forma de huso; alas más Ludiinae: Pequeña subfamilia etíope que incluye satúrnidos largas que anchas, similares a los Sphingidae. Antenas en con manchas hialinas u ocelares irregulares en las alas. La los machos cuadripectinadas en la mitad basal y filamentosas pupación es un capullo de seda, hojarasca y suelo. en la mitad apical. Antenas en las hembras generalmente filamentosas. Orugas en primeros estadíos con uno o más Salassinae: Posee un único género del suroriente asiático. pares de cuernos torácicos, usualmente bifurcados en el ápice y que desaparecen en el último estadío. La pupa es Saturniinae: Principalmente distribuidas en el viejo mundo subterránea y se recubre de piedrecillas y suelo formando y representada en América por alrededor de 80 especies, en una cámara a su alrededor. dos tribus: Saturniini y Attacini. En muchos casos presen- tan manchas discocelulares hialinas en las alas anteriores y Arsenurinae: Comprende cerca de 60 especies, exclusivas posteriores; ápice de las alas anteriores agudo. Antenas de del neotrópico, en su mayoría de color café con prolonga- los machos cuadripectinadas y de las hembras bipectinadas. ciones a manera de colas en las alas posteriores; machos Orugas con tubérculos, cuernos, setas o espinas cortas. La con antenas filamentosas y pectinaciones muy cortas. Oru- pupa hace un capullo de seda. gas con cuernos torácicos en todos sus estadíos, excepto el último. La etapa de pupación no es en capullo (Scoble 1992, Michener 1952). Saturniid Moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Colombia Angela R. Amarillo-S. Key words: Saturniidae, Colombia, Heterocera, Species List, Saturniid The Saturniidae is one of the 124 families of the bibliographic sources: Lemaire (1976, 1978, 1980, 1982, “Heterocera” that include 147,415 species. It includes & 1987) and Amarillo (1997). Moreover this paper gives the largest individuals of the Lepidoptera. There are about the first species list for Hemileucinae species for the 1300 species, 850 of which are neotropical (Scoble 1992). country. Until now, species reports for this group were The Andean region has the most diversity with 35.5% of dispersed throughout the literature. The present list is the species including about 200 endemic (Lemaire 1978). based partly upon the author’s examination of various The family is characterized by antennae which are collections. A total of 185 species are listed, distributed in quadripectinate or bipectinate in the males and 46 genera. bipectinate or filamentous in the females; wings ornamented with kidney-shaped, triangular, or oval Collections visited eyespots that are sometimes hyaline; the absence of a frenulum in the hindwings; and the absence of a proboscis. Colección de Entomología, Facultad de agronomía, Uni- versidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafé de Bogotá, Co- The data presented here have been compiled from various lombia (CFAUN); Colección de Entomología Francisco Biota Colombiana 1 (2), 2000 Amarillo-Suárez Saturniidae Moths of Colombia - 179 Luis Gallego, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, (1996), in which the family Saturniidae is comprised of Medellín, Colombia (CFLG); Colección de entomología seven subfamilies: Agliinae, Ludiinae, Salassinae, de la Corporación de Investigaciones Biológicas, Saturniinae, Hemileucinae, Ceratocampinae, and Medellín, Colombia (CIB); Personal collection of Luis Arsenurinae, the last four of which are found in all of the Miguel Constantino, Cali, Colombia (CPMC); Colección Americas. Taxonómica Nacional “Luis María Murillo” CORPOICA Tibaitatá, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia (CTNLMM); Co- Agliinae: Subfamily with three species. Two from lección de entomología Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, southeastern China and a third from Japan. It is most like Colombia (CUN); Colección de entomología Universi- the Hemileucinae. The caterpillar has large thoracic horns dad del Valle, Cali, Colombia (CUV); Facultad de Agro- in the initial stages, which disappear in the last instar. nomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafé de The pupal phase is in a cocoon (Michener 1952). Bogotá, Colombia (FABUN); Instituto de Ciencias Natu- rales, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Ludiinae: A diverse African subfamily which includes de Colombia, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia (ICN-MHN); saturniids with hyaline spots or irregular eyespots in the Museo Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Santafé de Bo- wings. Pupation is in a cocoon. gotá, Colombia (MUJ).
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