Species Richness and Diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest and Associated Ecosystems: Niche Assembly Theories and Neutral Forces
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The Potential for Harvesting Fruits in Tropical Rainforests: New Data from Amazonian Peru
Biodiversity and Conversation 2, 18-38 The potential for harvesting fruits in tropical rainforests: new data from Amazonian Peru OLIVER PHILLIPS* Department Of' Biology, Washington University, Campus Box 1137, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130- 4899, USA Received 28 January 1992; accepted 18 February 1992 New data shows that edible fruit and nut production in Amazonian forests is substantially lower than most conservationists assume. Direct measures of production in Amazonian Peru show that two terra firrna forest types produced significantly less edible fruit than an alluvial soil forest. Swamp forest produced more edible fruit than any other forest type measured. Palms produce 60% of edible fruit productivity, averaged over three forest types, but the most preferred palm fruits are difficult to harvest because they are borne too high for easy access by collectors. Forest fruit collection in Amazonia is less productive in the short-term than all other food-producing activities except for hunting and cattle ranching. Technological, social and political changes are essential so that sustainable but intrinsically low-yielding extractive activities like fruit collecting become more attractive to Amazonians. Keywords: harvesting; rainforest; fruit and nut; Amazonian Peru Introduction In the last five years, there has been growing interest in the promise of sustained-yield collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) from tropical forests as an alternative to deforestation. The broad range of NTFPs harvested by forest-dwelling people includes medicinals, fruits, and industrial materials such as rubber and rattan. Potentially, the combined value of such prodcuts, available year-after-year on a sustainable basis, may make NTFP collection an attractive alternative to destructive uses of tropical forests (e.g. -
Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot
Ecosystem Profile WESTERN GHATS & SRI LANKA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT WESTERN GHATS REGION FINAL VERSION MAY 2007 Prepared by: Kamal S. Bawa, Arundhati Das and Jagdish Krishnaswamy (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology & the Environment - ATREE) K. Ullas Karanth, N. Samba Kumar and Madhu Rao (Wildlife Conservation Society) in collaboration with: Praveen Bhargav, Wildlife First K.N. Ganeshaiah, University of Agricultural Sciences Srinivas V., Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning incorporating contributions from: Narayani Barve, ATREE Sham Davande, ATREE Balanchandra Hegde, Sahyadri Wildlife and Forest Conservation Trust N.M. Ishwar, Wildlife Institute of India Zafar-ul Islam, Indian Bird Conservation Network Niren Jain, Kudremukh Wildlife Foundation Jayant Kulkarni, Envirosearch S. Lele, Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment & Development M.D. Madhusudan, Nature Conservation Foundation Nandita Mahadev, University of Agricultural Sciences Kiran M.C., ATREE Prachi Mehta, Envirosearch Divya Mudappa, Nature Conservation Foundation Seema Purshothaman, ATREE Roopali Raghavan, ATREE T. R. Shankar Raman, Nature Conservation Foundation Sharmishta Sarkar, ATREE Mohammed Irfan Ullah, ATREE and with the technical support of: Conservation International-Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Assisted by the following experts and contributors: Rauf Ali Gladwin Joseph Uma Shaanker Rene Borges R. Kannan B. Siddharthan Jake Brunner Ajith Kumar C.S. Silori ii Milind Bunyan M.S.R. Murthy Mewa Singh Ravi Chellam Venkat Narayana H. Sudarshan B.A. Daniel T.S. Nayar R. Sukumar Ranjit Daniels Rohan Pethiyagoda R. Vasudeva Soubadra Devy Narendra Prasad K. Vasudevan P. Dharma Rajan M.K. Prasad Muthu Velautham P.S. Easa Asad Rahmani Arun Venkatraman Madhav Gadgil S.N. Rai Siddharth Yadav T. Ganesh Pratim Roy Santosh George P.S. -
Catalogue of the Vascular Epiphytic Flora of Uruguay
Acta Botanica Brasilica doi: 10.1590/0102-33062019abb0059 Catalogue of the vascular epiphytic flora of Uruguay Patricia Mai1* , Andrés Rossado2 , José Mauricio Bonifacino2,3 and Jorge Luiz Waechter4 Received: February 21, 2019 Accepted: June 17, 2019 . ABSTRACT We provide an updated list of the vascular epiphytic flora occurring in native environments of Uruguay based on literature review, herbarium specimens, and fieldwork throughout the country. The catalogue provides standardized information for each species, including accepted name, synonyms used within Uruguay, epiphytic category, distribution within the country, habitat, conservation status, observations, and a voucher citation. The effort documented 73 species for the epiphytic flora of Uruguay (3 % of the flora), distributed among 29 genera and 12 families. Bromeliaceae was the richest family (17), followed by Polypodiaceae (16) and Orchidaceae (12). Tillandsia stood out as the most speciose genus with 15 species. Characteristic holoepiphytes was the most diverse ecological category. More than half of the epiphytic species documented for Uruguay (53 %) reach their southernmost geographic distribution in the country, whereas only two mostly epipetric species of Tillandsia — T. arequitae and T. uruguayensis — are endemic to the country. Almost half of the epiphytic species found are presently under categories of threat of extinction, with 60 % of them occurring in national protected areas. Both the richest epiphytic families and the predominance of characteristic holoepiphytes coincide with findings from floristic and ecological studies previously carried out in humid subtropical regions. Keywords: conservation status, epiphytic category, geographic distribution, hemiepiphytes, holoepiphytes, subtropical forests, Uruguay, vascular epiphytes The most recent estimation of vascular epiphytes in the Introduction world reports 27,614 species, distributed in 73 families and 913 genera. -
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade. -
DE Aspidosperma Excelsum Benth (APOCYNACEAE)
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAUDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA, DETERMINAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIPLASMÓDICA IN VITRO E AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO HIDROETANÓLICO DAS CASCAS DE Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (APOCYNACEAE) Luis Fábio dos Santos Gomes BELÉM - PA 2011 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAUDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA, DETERMINAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIPLASMÓDICA IN VITRO E AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO HIDROETANÓLICO DAS CASCAS DE Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (APOCYNACEAE) Autor: Luis Fábio dos Santos Gomes Orientador: Prof. Dr. Flávio de Vasconcelos Co-Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria Fani Dolabela Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Pará para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas Área de concentração: Fármacos e Medicamentos BELÉM - PA 2011 III Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) Biblioteca do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde – UFPA Gomes, Luís Fábio dos Santos. Abordagem Fitoquímica, determinação da atividade antiplasmódica in vitro e avaliação preliminar da toxicidade do extrato hidroetanólico das cascas de Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (apocynaceae) / Luís Fábio dos Santos Gomes ; orientador, Flábio de Vasconcelos, co-orientador, Maria Fani Dolabella. — 2011 Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade Farmácia, -
Apocynaceae) EM UM GRADIENTE DE ALTITUDE DE UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL MONTANA
BRUNA DE OLIVEIRA NADALETE CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOANATÔMICAS E NUTRICIONAIS DE Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll. Arg (Apocynaceae) EM UM GRADIENTE DE ALTITUDE DE UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL MONTANA LAVRAS – MG 2017 BRUNA DE OLIVEIRA NADALETE CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOANATÔMICAS E NUTRICIONAIS DE Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll. Arg (Apocynaceae) EM UM GRADIENTE DE ALTITUDE DE UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL MONTANA Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica Aplicada para obtenção do título de Mestre. Profa. Dra. Marinês Ferreira Pires Orientadora Prof. Dr. Evaristo Mauro de Castro Coorientador LAVRAS – MG 2017 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração de Ficha Catalográfica da Biblioteca Universitária da UFLA, com dados informados pelo(a) próprio(a) autor(a). Nadalete, Bruna de Oliveira. Características morfoanatômicas e nutricionais de Aspidosperma olivaceum Mull.Arg (Apocynaceae) em um gradiente de altitude de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana / Bruna de Oliveira Nadalete. - 2017. 47 p. : il. Orientador(a): Marinês Ferreira Pires Lira. Coorientador(a): Evaristo Mauro de Castro. Dissertação (mestrado acadêmico) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2017. Bibliografia. 1. Anatomia foliar. 2. Plasticidade fenotípica. 3. Guatambu. I. Pires Lira, Marinês Ferreira. II. Castro, Evaristo Mauro de. III. Título. O conteúdo desta obra é de responsabilidade do(a) autor(a) e de seu orientador(a). BRUNA DE OLIVEIRA NADALETE CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOANATÔMICAS E NUTRICIONAIS DE Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll. Arg (Apocynaceae) EM UM GRADIENTE DE ALTITUDE DE UMA FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL MONTANA MORPHANATOMIC AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll. Arg (Apocynaceae) IN A GRADIENT OF ALTITUDE OF A SEMIDECIDAL SEASONAL FOREST MONTANA Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica Aplicada para obtenção do título de mestre. -
Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino
Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1). -
Volume Ii Tomo Ii Diagnosis Biotic Environmen
Pöyry Tecnologia Ltda. Av. Alfredo Egídio de Souza Aranha, 100 Bloco B - 5° andar 04726-170 São Paulo - SP BRASIL Tel. +55 11 3472 6955 Fax +55 11 3472 6980 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT E-mail: [email protected] STUDY (EIA-RIMA) Date 19.10.2018 N° Reference 109000573-001-0000-E-1501 Page 1 LD Celulose S.A. Dissolving pulp mill in Indianópolis and Araguari, Minas Gerais VOLUME II – ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSIS TOMO II – BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT Content Annex Distribution LD Celulose S.A. E PÖYRY - Orig. 19/10/18 –hbo 19/10/18 – bvv 19/10/18 – hfw 19/10/18 – hfw Para informação Rev. Data/Autor Data/Verificado Data/Aprovado Data/Autorizado Observações 109000573-001-0000-E-1501 2 SUMARY 8.3 Biotic Environment ................................................................................................................ 8 8.3.1 Objective .................................................................................................................... 8 8.3.2 Studied Area ............................................................................................................... 9 8.3.3 Regional Context ...................................................................................................... 10 8.3.4 Terrestrian Flora and Fauna....................................................................................... 15 8.3.5 Aquatic fauna .......................................................................................................... 167 8.3.6 Conservation Units (UC) and Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation (APCB) 219 8.3.7 -
The Apocynaceae S. Str. of the Carrancas Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil Darwiniana, Vol
Darwiniana ISSN: 0011-6793 [email protected] Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Argentina Simões Olmos, André; Kinoshita Sumiko, Luiza The Apocynaceae s. str. of the Carrancas Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil Darwiniana, vol. 40, núm. 1-4, 2002, pp. 127-169 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=66940414 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative A. O. SIMÕES & L. S. KINOSHITA. The ApocynaceaeDARWINIANA s. str. of the Carrancas Region, Minas ISSNGerais, 0011-6793 Brazil 40(1-4): 127-169. 2002 THE APOCYNACEAE S. STR. OF THE CARRANCAS REGION, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL ANDRÉ OLMOS SIMÕES & LUIZA SUMIKO KINOSHITA Dpto. de Botânica, IB, Unicamp, Caixa Postal 6109 CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Simöes, A. O. & Kinoshita, L. S. 2002. The Apocynaceae s. str. of the Carrancas Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Darwiniana 40(1-4): 127-169. The aims of the present work were to identify and characterize the species of Apocynaceae s. str. occurring in the Carrancas region, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Collections were performed from 1997 to 2000 and regional representative collections were also examined. The floristic survey showed the presence of 31 species belonging to 15 genera: Aspidosperma (5 spp.), Condylocarpon (1 sp.), Forsteronia (3 spp.), Hancornia (1 sp.), Macrosiphonia (2 spp.), Mandevilla (9 spp.), Mesechites (1 sp.), Peltastes (1 sp.), Prestonia (2 spp.), Rauvolfia (1 sp.), Rhabdadenia (1 sp.), Rhodocalyx (1 sp.), Secondatia (1 sp.), Tabernaemontana (1 sp.) and Temnadenia (1 sp.). -
Short-Term Changes in an Ombrophilous Atlantic Forest
Nativa, Sinop, v.6, n. 5, p. 543-550, set./out. 2018. Pesquisas Agrárias e Ambientais ISSN: 2318-7670 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i5.5426 http://www.ufmt.br/nativa Short-term changes in an ombrophilous atlantic forest Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos TERRA1*, José Marcio de MELLO1, Carlos Rogério de MELLO2, Rubens Manoel dos SANTOS1,3, Polyanne Aparecida COELHO1, Diego Gualberto Sales PEREIRA3, Tainá Mamede Cirne SILVA1 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil. 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos em Sistemas Agrícolas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil. 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil. *E-mail: [email protected] Recebido em agosto/2017; Aceito em abril/2018. ABSTRACT: Characterizing and monitoring the Brazilian Atlantic Domain provide important direction for the conservation of its remnants. Short-term variations in forest composition and structure are usually lost in larger intervals between inventories and could better elucidate forest dynamics. This study aimed to analyze temporal changes in the structure, floristic composition and diversity of a tree community of an Ombrophilous Dense Forest remnant in Bocaina de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in two short intervals. The study was conducted based on circumference at breast height (1.3 m) (CBH) data from three forest inventories (2009, 2011, and 2012) in twelve 400 m² permanent plots randomly distributed in the area. The results point out to a forest characterized by the increase in plant density and basal area, mainly due to the continuous local anthropogenic disturbances observed in the area, such as the presence of cattle and trails. -
Martinez Andrenunes M.Pdf
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA ANDRÉ NUNES MARTINEZ Padrão filogenético de comunidades arbustivo-arbóreas de Cerrado em diferentes escalas espaciais e filogenéticas Phylogenetic pattern of Cerrado shrub-tree communities on different spatial and phylogenetic scales Campinas 2018 ANDRÉ NUNES MARTINEZ Padrão filogenético de comunidades arbustivo-arbóreas de Cerrado em diferentes escalas espaciais e filogenéticas Phylogenetic pattern of Cerrado shrub-tree communities on different spatial and phylogenetic scales Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia Dissertation presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fullfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Ecology Este arquivo digital corresponde a versão final da dissertação pelo aluno André Nunes Martinez e orientado pelo Professor Doutor Fernando Roberto Martins Orientador: Dr. Fernando Roberto Martins Campinas 2018 COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Fernando Roberto Martins Dra. Lilian Patricia Sales Macedo Dr. Leandro Cardoso Pederneiras Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de Defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. À minha mãe, Vania, minha maior inspiração À todos meus irmãos de quatro patas, por todo seu amor. “Down Bend the trees quietly witnessing Man’s journey into himself” Lorenna McKennitt, Ages Past, Ages Hence AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer a minha família por todos suporte e apoio que me deram ao longo dos anos em que esta tese foi desenvolvida. Agradeço em especial meus pais, Vania e Celso pela confiança, pelos ínumeros incentivos nós momentos difíceis e por todo suporte que me deram nos estudos. -
How Many Vascular Plant Species Are There in a Local Hotspot of Biodiversity in Southeastern Brazil?
Neotropical Biology and Conservation 8(3):132-142, september-december 2013 © 2013 by Unisinos - doi: 10.4013/nbc.2013.83.03 How many vascular plant species are there in a local hotspot of biodiversity in Southeastern Brazil? Quantas espécies de plantas vasculares existem em um hotspot local de biodiversidade no sudeste do Brasil? Markus Gastauer1 [email protected] Abstract Scientific information about the distribution of species richness and diversity is neces- João Augusto Alves Meira Neto2* sary for full comprehension of our evolutionary heritage forming a powerful tool for the [email protected] development of nature conservation strategies. The aim of this article was to estimate the vascular plant species richness of the campos rupestres from the Itacolomi State Park (ISP) in order to verify the park´s classification as a local hotspot of biodiversity and to outline the status quo of knowledge about biodiversity in the region. For that, the species richness of two phytosociological surveys of 0.15 ha each were extrapolated using (a) the species-area relationship fitted by the power and the logarithmic model as well as (b) the taxon ratio model. The taxon ratio model estimates total vascular plant species rich- ness to 1109 species using seven different taxa. Extrapolations of different fittings of the species-area relationships calculate the complete park’s richness to values between 241 and 386 (logarithmic model), and 3346 to 10421 (power model). These extrapolations are far beyond realistic: the logarithmic model underestimates the park´s species richness, because more than 520 vascular plant species have already been registered in the park.