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United States Patent (19) 11, 3,955,926 Fischer (45 May 11, 1976

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United States Patent (19) 11, 3,955,926 Fischer (45 May 11, 1976 United States Patent (19) 11, 3,955,926 Fischer (45 May 11, 1976 (54) PROCESS AND QUICK-ACTION REAGENT 2,986,453 5/1961 Collins............................ 23.1253 TP FOR THE DETECTION OF NARCOTICS 3,146,070 8/1964 Collins............................ 23/253 TP 3,378,346 4/1968 Watson........................... 23/253 TP 75 Inventor: Wolfgang Fischer, Darmstadt, 3,447,904 6/1969 Rupc............................... 23/253 TP Germany 3,453, 180 7/1969 Fraser ............................. 23,1253 TP 3,526,479 9/1970 Rey........... ... 23/253 TP 73. Assignee: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit 3,656,906 4/1972 Bullock ............................. 23/230 B beschrankter Haftung, Darmstadt, 3,761,227 9/1973. Conrad...... - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23123 () B Germany 3,832, 34 8/1974 Sohn............................... 23,1253 TP 22 Filed: Feb. 12, 1973 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 21 Appl. No.: 331,596 J. Look, J. Pharm. Sci., 56 (1), 1526-1527 (1967). Chemical Abstracts, 56: 1529b (1962). 30 Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 12, 1972 Germany............................ 2206697 Primary Examiner-Morris O. Wolk Assistant Examiner-Sidney Marantz 52 U.S. Cl..................... ... 231230 B; 23.1253 TP. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Millen, Raptes & White 252/408 5 Int, Cl.................... G01N 21/06; G01 N 33/16 57 - ABSTRACT 58 Field of Search............ 23/230 B, 253 TP, 292; A quick-action reagent for the detection of narcotics 252/408 comprising(ir Y a solvent for the narcotic and a color re 56 References Cited E. it." Enent of which is impregnated UNITED STATES PATENTS A M . I,975,245 0/1934 Zackheim............................. 23/292 3 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures U.S. Patent May 11, 1976 3,955,926 3,955,926 2 PROCESS AND QUICK-ACTION REAGENT FOR DETAILED DISCUSSION THE DETECTION OF NARCOTICS Optionally, one or more components of a multi-com ponent color reagent can be dissolved in the solvent BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 employed in the process of this invention, to dissolve From year to year, there is an increase in the alarm the narcotics prior to the actual indicating reaction, so ing news of the rising abuse of substances with narcotic long as at least one component of the color reagent is effects, e.g., hashish, opium, morphine, morphine de employed in dry form adsorbed on an absorbent sup rivatives, heroin, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide port. For example, a quick-action reagent according to 10 the present invention for the detection of cocaine con (LSD), and so forth. Experts in this field have no ap tains ammonium thiocyanate as a dry component of the preciable difficulty in detecting narcotics in a well color reagent on an absorbent support and cobalt (II) equipped laboratory, since gas and thin-layer chroma chloride as a further component dissolved in the sol tography, ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear resonance, and vent employed (acetic acid). mass spectrometry permit an exact characterization 5 The quick-action reagent according to this invention and identification of the individual narcotics. However, and process employing it are suitable in general for the Such an array of instruments is expensive and cumber detection of all narcotics, particulaly the following: some, since the time consumed for the investigations is hashish, opium, morphine, morphine derivatives, her considerable. Consequently, there is a need for a rapid oin, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), am and reliable test which will prermit the government 20 phetamine, benzedrine, mescaline and barbiturates. As agencies involved in combating the trading in and con a further indication of the versality of the process of sumption of narcotics to qualitatively indentify the this invention, the entire group of alkaloids can be most common narcotics outside of the laboratory. detected, which includes almost all common narcotics. Reagents for the detection of various narcotics are For example, of the aforementioned narcotics, only the known in the literature. For example, see Arch. Tox 25 active agents in hashish are not alkaloids. ikol. 25, 19 (1969), J. Pharm. Sci. 56, 1526 (1967). The process is conducted employing reactions known The most frequently employed determination methods per se for the detection of narcotics. However, in the involve color reactions which are more or less specific process or quick-action reagent of the present inven to certain narcotics. The conventional analytical use of tion, at least one component of the color reagent em color reactions comprises the preparation of the re 30 ployed is provided in dry form adsorbed on an absor quired reagents and other procedures relating to labo bent support. Suitable absorbent supports include all those which are customarily utilized for such indicator ratory technique and apparatus which, in addition to reagents. Although filter paper is the most commonly being time-consuming, are difficult and therefore must used, it is also possible to employ other absorbent cellu be executed by experienced personnel. Thus, the use of 35 lose or synthetic resin products and fiber-glass paper. these conventional procedures for the identification of The impregnated papers can either be cut, as such, into Substances suspected of being narcotics at the immedi convenient strips, or they can be processed into prefer ate location is unsuitable for an amateur. Additionally, ably square sections which, in turn, can be convention the conventional ready-for-use reagents have only a ally glued or sealed onto or into synthetic resin sheets, very limited stability. 40 paper strips, or metal strips. It has now been found that these disadvantages can be avoided by using, for the detection of the most com DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS mon narcotics, the detection method and product of With reference to the drawings: this invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a kit according to this 45 invention showing a plurality of stoppered bottles, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Some of which have eye-dropper caps, and a plurality The narcotics detection method of this invention of containers with lids, all fitted into a tray-like holder; employs a quick-action reagent comprising a solvent FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an optional spot-test for the narcotic and an absorbent support containing at ing plate into which a drop is shown being transferred least one component of the color reagent in dry form. 50 from a bottle; In this manner, the stability of ready-to-use reagent FIG. 3 is a detailed perspective view of a container solutions for the detection of narcotics is ensured. with its top removed showing protruding therefrom the ends of a plurality of paper strips having a portion Shelf-stable quick-action reagents are obtained, by impregnated; and means of which narcotics can be rapidly and safely 55 FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a paper strip shown in identified qualitatively by comparison with a color FIG. 3, showing the area thereon impregnated. scale. In the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, Thus, in its process aspect, this invention relates to a a test kit 1 for narcotic detection according to this rapid process for the detection of narcotics by dissolu invention consists of a spottesting plate, i.e., a porce tion of a sample of the suspected narcotic in a solvent 60 lain plate 11 with cup-shaped indentations 13, and a for the sample and reaction of the solution with a color tray 7 into which is fitted, for each of the above reagent, at least one component of which is employed described narcotics, a bottle 3 with cap 4 containing a in dry form on an absorbent support. solvent for that narcotic and an associated vial 5 with In its product aspect, this invention comprises a cap 6 containing an indicator strip 21 having an end quick-action reagent for the detection of narcotics, 65 portion 23 impregnated with at least one component of comprising a solvent for the narcotic and a color re the color indicator for that narcotic, a blank strip, and agent, at least one component of the color reagent a color comparison scale 25. On the color scale, in being in dry form adsorbed on an absorbent support. addition to a negative color value, several positive 3,955,926 3 4 color values are provided, since the color intensity Without further elaboration, it is believed that one obtained depends on the concentration of the existing skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, narcotic in the unknown being tested. Optionally, a utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The spatula is provided for depositing a determined amount following preferred specific embodiments are, there of the unknown on-the-spot testing plate. fore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not The quick-action reagent for conducting a narcotic limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way indication according to this invention consists respec whatsoever. tively of a specific solvent and an associated indicator strip (stick). The detection is preferably conducted by DETECTION OF HASHISH first introducing, using a small spatula, a sample of the 10 The resin of the flowering tops of Indian hemp (Can material to be investigated for narcotic content into an nabis sativa var. indica) is known under the Arabian indentation 13 of a spot-testing plate 11. Then, 1-10 designation of “hashis'. The Mexican name "mari droplets 15 of a solvent for a specific narcotic are huana' denotes cut leaves and flowers of Indian hemp. added thereto. After a few minutes, the impregnated The resin, in most cases, is smoked in a mixture with portion 23 of the corresponding indicator strip 21 is 15 tobacco. In addition to cannabol, cannabidiol, or can briefly immersed into the solvent solution and any col nabidiol-carboxylic acid, isomeric tetrahydrocannabi oration which develops on the indicator strip is com nols are considered as the primary hallucinogenically pared with the associated color comparison scale.
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